1
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Wren GH, Davies W. Cardiac arrhythmia in individuals with steroid sulfatase deficiency (X-linked ichthyosis): candidate anatomical and biochemical pathways. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20230098. [PMID: 38571328 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Circulating steroids, including sex hormones, can affect cardiac development and function. In mammals, steroid sulfatase (STS) is the enzyme solely responsible for cleaving sulfate groups from various steroid molecules, thereby altering their activity and water solubility. Recent studies have indicated that Xp22.31 genetic deletions encompassing STS (associated with the rare dermatological condition X-linked ichthyosis), and common variants within the STS gene, are associated with a markedly elevated risk of cardiac arrhythmias, notably atrial fibrillation/flutter. Here, we consider emerging basic science and clinical findings which implicate structural heart abnormalities (notably septal defects) as a mediator of this heightened risk, and propose candidate cellular and biochemical mechanisms. Finally, we consider how the biological link between STS activity and heart structure/function might be investigated further and the clinical implications of work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Davies
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
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2
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Rehmani T, Dias AP, Kamal M, Salih M, Tuana BS. Deletion of Sarcolemmal Membrane-Associated Protein Isoform 3 (SLMAP3) in Cardiac Progenitors Delays Embryonic Growth of Myocardium without Affecting Hippo Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2888. [PMID: 38474134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The slmap gene is alternatively spliced to generate many isoforms that are abundant in developing myocardium. The largest protein isoform SLMAP3 is ubiquitously expressed and has been linked to cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome and Hippo signaling. To examine any role in cardiogenesis, mice homozygous for floxed slmap allele were crossed with Nkx2.5-cre mice to nullify its expression in cardiac progenitors. Targeted deletion of the slmap gene resulted in the specific knockout (KO) of the SLMAP3 (~91 KDa) isoform without any changes in the expression of the SLMAP2 (~43 kDa) or the SLMAP1 (~35 kDa) isoforms which continued to accumulate to similar levels as seen in Wt embryonic hearts. The loss of SLMAP3 from cardiac progenitors resulted in decreased size of the developing embryonic hearts evident at E9.5 to E16.5 with four small chambers and significantly thinner left ventricles. The proliferative capacity assessed with the phosphorylation of histone 3 or with Ki67 in E12.5 hearts was not significantly altered due to SLMAP3 deficiency. The size of embryonic cardiomyocytes, marked with anti-Troponin C, revealed significantly smaller cells, but their hypertrophic response (AKT1 and MTOR1) was not significantly affected by the specific loss of SLMAP3 protein. Further, no changes in phosphorylation of MST1/2 or YAP were detected in SLMAP3-KO embryonic myocardium, ruling out any impact on Hippo signaling. Rat embryonic cardiomyocytes express the three SLMAP isoforms and their knockdown (KD) with sh-RNA, resulted in decreased proliferation and enhanced senescence but without any impact on Hippo signaling. Collectively, these data show that SLMAP is critical for normal cardiac development with potential for the various isoforms to serve compensatory roles. Our data imply novel mechanisms for SLMAP action in cardiac growth independent of Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Rehmani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ana Paula Dias
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marsel Kamal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Maysoon Salih
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Balwant S Tuana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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3
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Li G, Huang H, Wu Y, Shu C, Hwang N, Li Q, Zhao R, Lam HC, Oldham WM, Ei-Chemaly S, Agrawal PB, Tian J, Liu X, Perrella MA. Striated preferentially expressed gene deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in developing cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:151-168. [PMID: 38145999 PMCID: PMC10837246 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
A deficiency of striated preferentially expressed gene (Speg), a member of the myosin light chain kinase family, results in abnormal myofibril structure and function of immature cardiomyocytes (CMs), corresponding with a dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure and perinatal death. Mitochondrial development plays a role in cardiomyocyte maturation. Therefore, this study investigated whether Speg deficiency ( - / - ) in CMs would result in mitochondrial abnormalities. Speg wild-type and Speg-/- C57BL/6 littermate mice were utilized for assessment of mitochondrial structure by transmission electron and confocal microscopies. Speg was expressed in the first and second heart fields at embryonic (E) day 7.5, prior to the expression of mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger (NCLX) at E8.5. Decreases in NCLX expression (E11.5) and the mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio (E13.5) were observed in Speg-/- hearts. Imaging of E18.5 Speg-/- hearts revealed abnormal mitochondrial cristae, corresponding with decreased ATP production in cells fed glucose or palmitate, increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, phosphorylated (p) PGC-1α, a key mediator of mitochondrial development, was significantly reduced in Speg-/- hearts during screening for targeted genes. Besides Z-line expression, Speg partially co-localized with PGC-1α in the sarcomeric region and was found in the same complex by co-immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of a Speg internal serine/threonine kinase domain in Speg-/- CMs promoted translocation of pPGC-1α into the nucleus, and restored ATP production that was abolished by siRNA-mediated silencing of PGC-1α. Our results demonstrate a critical role of Speg in mitochondrial development and energy metabolism in CMs, mediated in part by phosphorylation of PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Narae Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rose Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hilaire C Lam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Souheil Ei-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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4
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Ateeq M, Broadwin M, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Extracellular Vesicles' Role in Angiogenesis and Altering Angiogenic Signaling. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:4. [PMID: 38249080 PMCID: PMC10801520 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessels formation from existing vasculature, plays a vital role in development, wound healing, and various pathophysiological conditions. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators in intercellular communication and have gained significant attention for their role in modulating angiogenic processes. This review explores the multifaceted role of EVs in angiogenesis and their capacity to modulate angiogenic signaling pathways. Through comprehensive analysis of a vast body of literature, this review highlights the potential of utilizing EVs as therapeutic tools to modulate angiogenesis for both physiological and pathological purposes. A good understanding of these concepts holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic interventions targeting angiogenesis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ateeq
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.A.); (M.B.); (F.W.S.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Broadwin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.A.); (M.B.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.A.); (M.B.); (F.W.S.)
| | - M. Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.A.); (M.B.); (F.W.S.)
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5
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Sutlive J, Seyyedhosseinzadeh H, Ao Z, Xiu H, Choudhury S, Gou K, Guo F, Chen Z. Mechanics of morphogenesis in neural development: In vivo, in vitro, and in silico. BRAIN MULTIPHYSICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brain.2022.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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6
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Linglart L, Bonnet D. Epigenetics and Congenital Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060185. [PMID: 35735814 PMCID: PMC9225036 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a frequent occurrence, with a prevalence rate of almost 1% in the general population. However, the pathophysiology of the anomalous heart development is still unclear in most patients screened. A definitive genetic origin, be it single-point mutation or larger chromosomal disruptions, only explains about 35% of identified cases. The precisely choreographed embryology of the heart relies on timed activation of developmental molecular cascades, spatially and temporally regulated through epigenetic regulation: chromatin conformation, DNA priming through methylation patterns, and spatial accessibility to transcription factors. This multi-level regulatory network is eminently susceptible to outside disruption, resulting in faulty cardiac development. Similarly, the heart is unique in its dynamic development: growth is intrinsically related to mechanical stimulation, and disruption of the intrauterine environment will have a direct impact on fetal embryology. These two converging axes offer new areas of research to characterize the cardiac epigenetic regulation and identify points of fragility in order to counteract its teratogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Linglart
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Damien Bonnet
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
- School of Medicine, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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7
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Jiang S, Feng W, Chang C, Li G. Modeling Human Heart Development and Congenital Defects Using Organoids: How Close Are We? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050125. [PMID: 35621836 PMCID: PMC9145739 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) has dramatically improved our understanding of human developmental processes under normal and diseased conditions. The hiPSCs have been differentiated into various tissue-specific cells in vitro, and the advancement in three-dimensional (3D) culture has provided a possibility to generate those cells in an in vivo-like environment. Tissues with 3D structures can be generated using different approaches such as self-assembled organoids and tissue-engineering methods, such as bioprinting. We are interested in studying the self-assembled organoids differentiated from hiPSCs, as they have the potential to recapitulate the in vivo developmental process and be used to model human development and congenital defects. Organoids of tissues such as those of the intestine and brain were developed many years ago, but heart organoids were not reported until recently. In this review, we will compare the heart organoids with the in vivo hearts to understand the anatomical structures we still lack in the organoids. Specifically, we will compare the development of main heart structures, focusing on their marker genes and regulatory signaling pathways.
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8
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Maleszewski JJ, Lai CK, Nair V, Veinot JP. Anatomic considerations and examination of cardiovascular specimens (excluding devices). Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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9
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Park H, Yun BH, Lim W, Song G. Dinitramine induces cardiotoxicity and morphological alterations on zebrafish embryo development. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 240:105982. [PMID: 34598048 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dinitramine (DN), an herbicide in the dinitroaniline family, is used in agricultural areas to prevent unwanted plant growth. Dinitroaniline herbicides inhibit cell division by preventing microtubulin synthesis. They are strongly absorbed by the soil and can contaminate groundwater; however, the mode of action of these herbicides in non-target organisms remains unclear. In this study, we examined the developmental toxicity of DN in zebrafish embryos exposed to 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mg/L DN, compared to embryos exposed to DMSO (control) for 96 h. Visual assessments using transgenic zebrafish (fli1:eGFP) indicated abnormal cardiac development with enlarged ventricles and atria, decreased heartbeats, and impaired cardiac function. Along with cardiac development, vessel formation and angiogenesis were suppressed through activation of the inflammatory response. In addition, exposure to 6.4 mg/L DN for 96 h induced cell death, with upregulation of genes related to apoptosis. Our results showed that DN induced morphological changes and triggered an inflammatory response and apoptotic cell death that can impair embryonic growth and survival, providing an important mechanism of DN in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Yun
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Choudhury TZ, Majumdar U, Basu M, Garg V. Impact of maternal hyperglycemia on cardiac development: Insights from animal models. Genesis 2021; 59:e23449. [PMID: 34498806 PMCID: PMC8599640 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of birth defect-related death in infants and is a global pediatric health concern. While the genetic causes of CHD have become increasingly recognized with advances in genome sequencing technologies, the etiology for the majority of cases of CHD is unknown. The maternal environment during embryogenesis has a profound impact on cardiac development, and numerous environmental factors are associated with an elevated risk of CHD. Maternal diabetes mellitus (matDM) is associated with up to a fivefold increased risk of having an infant with CHD. The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus has led to a growing interest in the use of experimental diabetic models to elucidate mechanisms underlying this associated risk for CHD. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of rodent models that are being used to investigate alterations in cardiac developmental pathways when exposed to a maternal diabetic setting and to summarize the key findings from these models. The majority of studies in the field have utilized the chemically induced model of matDM, but recent advances have also been made using diet based and genetic models. Each model provides an opportunity to investigate unique aspects of matDM and is invaluable for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying matDM-associated CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Z. Choudhury
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Uddalak Majumdar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States
| | - Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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11
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Cetnar AD, Tomov ML, Ning L, Jing B, Theus AS, Kumar A, Wijntjes AN, Bhamidipati SR, Pham K, Mantalaris A, Oshinski JN, Avazmohammadi R, Lindsey BD, Bauser-Heaton HD, Serpooshan V. Patient-Specific 3D Bioprinted Models of Developing Human Heart. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001169. [PMID: 33274834 PMCID: PMC8175477 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to develop in the human embryo through a series of complex chronological processes, many of which critically rely on the interplay between cells and the dynamic microenvironment. Tight spatiotemporal regulation of these interactions is key in heart development and diseases. Due to suboptimal experimental models, however, little is known about the role of microenvironmental cues in the heart development. This study investigates the use of 3D bioprinting and perfusion bioreactor technologies to create bioartificial constructs that can serve as high-fidelity models of the developing human heart. Bioprinted hydrogel-based, anatomically accurate models of the human embryonic heart tube (e-HT, day 22) and fetal left ventricle (f-LV, week 33) are perfused and analyzed both computationally and experimentally using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Results demonstrate comparable flow hemodynamic patterns within the 3D space. We demonstrate endothelial cell growth and function within the bioprinted e-HT and f-LV constructs, which varied significantly in varying cardiac geometries and flow. This study introduces the first generation of anatomically accurate, 3D functional models of developing human heart. This platform enables precise tuning of microenvironmental factors, such as flow and geometry, thus allowing the study of normal developmental processes and underlying diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Cetnar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Martin L. Tomov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Liqun Ning
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bowen Jing
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrea S. Theus
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Akaash Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda N. Wijntjes
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Katherine Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John N. Oshinski
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Reza Avazmohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brooks D. Lindsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Holly D. Bauser-Heaton
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Sibley Heart Center at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Wang D, Liu C, Liu H, Meng Y, Lin F, Gu Y, Wang H, Shang M, Tong C, Sachinidis A, Ying Q, Li L, Peng L. ERG1 plays an essential role in rat cardiomyocyte fate decision by mediating AKT signaling. Stem Cells 2021; 39:443-457. [PMID: 33426760 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ERG1, a potassium ion channel, is essential for cardiac action potential repolarization phase. However, the role of ERG1 for normal development of the heart is poorly understood. Using the rat embryonic stem cells (rESCs) model, we show that ERG1 is crucial in cardiomyocyte lineage commitment via interactions with Integrin β1. In the mesoderm phase of rESCs, the interaction of ERG1 with Integrin β1 can activate the AKT pathway by recruiting and phosphorylating PI3K p85 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to further phosphorylate AKT. Activation of AKT pathway promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation through two different mechanisms, (a) through phosphorylation of GSK3β to upregulate the expression levels of β-catenin and Gata4; (b) through promotion of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB by phosphorylating IKKβ to inhibit cell apoptosis, which occurs due to increased Bcl2 expression. Our study provides solid evidence for a novel role of ERG1 on differentiation of rESCs into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiong Gu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Tong
- Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- University of Cologne, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Qilong Ying
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah‐Joy Muirhead
- Ultrasound Department The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia
- Sovereign Radiology Wendouree Victoria Australia
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14
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BVES downregulation in non-syndromic tetralogy of fallot is associated with ventricular outflow tract stenosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14167. [PMID: 32843646 PMCID: PMC7447802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BVES is a transmembrane protein, our previous work demonstrated that single nucleotide mutations of BVES in tetralogy of fallot (TOF) patients cause a downregulation of BVES transcription. However, the relationship between BVES and the pathogenesis of TOF has not been determined. Here we reported our research results about the relationship between BVES and the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenosis. BVES expression was significantly downregulated in most TOF samples compared with controls. The expression of the second heart field (SHF) regulatory network genes, including NKX2.5, GATA4 and HAND2, was also decreased in the TOF samples. In zebrafish, bves knockdown resulted in looping defects and ventricular outflow tract (VOT) stenosis, which was mostly rescued by injecting bves mRNA. bves knockdown in zebrafish also decreased the expression of SHF genes, such as nkx2.5, gata4 and hand2, consistent with the TOF samples` results. The dual-fluorescence reporter system analysis showed that BVES positively regulated the transcriptional activity of GATA4, NKX2.5 and HAND2 promoters. In zebrafish, nkx2.5 mRNA partially rescued VOT stenosis caused by bves knockdown. These results indicate that BVES downregulation may be associated with RVOT stenosis of non-syndromic TOF, and bves is probably involved in the development of VOT in zebrafish.
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15
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McPherson E, Korlesky C, Hebbring S. Cardiac Anomalies in Liveborn and Stillborn Monochorionic Twins. Clin Med Res 2020; 18:58-67. [PMID: 31959670 PMCID: PMC7428205 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2019.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular anomalies are more common in monochorionic twins, especially with twin-twin transfusion, compared to other twin types and to singletons. Because previous studies are based on fetal and neonatal echocardiography, more information is needed to study prevalence of cardiac anomalies in twin miscarriages, stillbirths, and children after the immediate neonatal period. METHODS With specific attention to cardiac anomalies, we reviewed the medical records of 335 selected liveborn twin pairs from the Marshfield Clinic Twin Cohort (enriched for twin-twin transfusion) and all twins (175 pairs) identified in the Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program cohort of late miscarriages and stillbirths. RESULTS Structural cardiac defects occurred in 12% of liveborn monochorionic twin infants and 7.5% of stillborn infants with twin-twin transfusion compared to only 2% of liveborn dizygotic twins and no stillborn dizygotic infants. The most common cardiac lesion in liveborn twins was ventricular septal defect, which was usually isolated and discordant, preferentially affecting the smaller twin in monochorionic pairs. Among stillborn and miscarried monochorionic twins, the most common cardiac lesion was acardia. CONCLUSIONS Monochorionic twins, particularly those with TTT, are at increased risk for a spectrum of structural cardiac malformations which we suggest may be related to asymmetry of the inner cell mass resulting in a smaller poorly perfused twin. In severe cases, limited cardiac and circulatory development in the affected twin leads to acardia. In less severe cases, the smaller infant has deficient septal growth that sometimes results in ventricular septal defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McPherson
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin USA
| | - Colin Korlesky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott Hebbring
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin USA
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16
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Cardiac Neural Crest Cells: Their Rhombomeric Specification, Migration, and Association with Heart and Great Vessel Anomalies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:403-429. [PMID: 32405705 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Outflow tract abnormalities are the most frequent congenital heart defects. These are due to the absence or dysfunction of the two main cell types, i.e., neural crest cells and secondary heart field cells that migrate in opposite directions at the same stage of development. These cells directly govern aortic arch patterning and development, ascending aorta dilatation, semi-valvular and coronary artery development, aortopulmonary septation abnormalities, persistence of the ductus arteriosus, trunk and proximal pulmonary arteries, sub-valvular conal ventricular septal/rotational defects, and non-compaction of the left ventricle. In some cases, depending on the functional defects of these cells, additional malformations are found in the expected spatial migratory area of the cells, namely in the pharyngeal arch derivatives and cervico-facial structures. Associated non-cardiovascular anomalies are often underestimated, since the multipotency and functional alteration of these cells can result in the modification of multiple neural, epidermal, and cervical structures at different levels. In most cases, patients do not display the full phenotype of abnormalities, but congenital cardiac defects involving the ventricular outflow tract, ascending aorta, aortic arch and supra-aortic trunks should be considered as markers for possible impaired function of these cells. Neural crest cells should not be considered as a unique cell population but on the basis of their cervical rhombomere origins R3-R5 or R6-R7-R8 and specific migration patterns: R3-R4 towards arch II, R5-R6 arch III and R7-R8 arch IV and VI. A better understanding of their development may lead to the discovery of unknown associated abnormalities, thereby enabling potential improvements to be made to the therapeutic approach.
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17
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Congenital heart diseases: genetics, non-inherited risk factors, and signaling pathways. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomalies with an estimated prevalence of 8 in 1000 live births. CHDs occur as a result of abnormal embryogenesis of the heart. Congenital heart diseases are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The damage of the heart is irreversible due to a lack of regeneration potential, and usually, the patients may require surgical intervention. Studying the developmental biology of the heart is essential not only in understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases but also in providing us with insight towards developing new preventive and treatment methods.
Main body
The etiology of congenital heart diseases is still elusive. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Recently, cardiac transcription factors, cardiac-specific genes, and signaling pathways, which are responsible for early cardiac morphogenesis have been extensively studied in both human and animal experiments but leave much to be desired. The discovery of novel genetic methods such as next generation sequencing and chromosomal microarrays have led to further study the genes, non-coding RNAs and subtle chromosomal changes, elucidating their implications to the etiology of congenital heart diseases. Studies have also implicated non-hereditary risk factors such as rubella infection, teratogens, maternal age, diabetes mellitus, and abnormal hemodynamics in causing CHDs.
These etiological factors raise questions on multifactorial etiology of CHDs. It is therefore important to endeavor in research based on finding the causes of CHDs. Finding causative factors will enable us to plan intervention strategies and mitigate the consequences associated with CHDs. This review, therefore, puts forward the genetic and non-genetic causes of congenital heart diseases. Besides, it discusses crucial signaling pathways which are involved in early cardiac morphogenesis. Consequently, we aim to consolidate our knowledge on multifactorial causes of CHDs so as to pave a way for further research regarding CHDs.
Conclusion
The multifactorial etiology of congenital heart diseases gives us a challenge to explicitly establishing specific causative factors and therefore plan intervention strategies. More well-designed studies and the use of novel genetic technologies could be the way through the discovery of etiological factors implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases.
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18
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Dolk H, McCullough N, Callaghan S, Casey F, Craig B, Given J, Loane M, Lagan BM, Bunting B, Boyle B, Dabir T. Risk factors for congenital heart disease: The Baby Hearts Study, a population-based case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227908. [PMID: 32092068 PMCID: PMC7039413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of maternal environmental factors in the aetiology of congenital heart disease (CHD). A population-based case-control study (242 CHD cases, 966 controls) was conducted using an iPad questionnaire for mother with linkage to maternity and first trimester prescription records. Risk of CHD was associated with low maternal education (OR adjusted for confounders 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.49), pregestational diabetes (OR 4.04; 95% CI 1.00-16.28), self-reported maternal clotting disorders (adjOR 8.55, 95%CI 1.51-48.44), prescriptions for the anticlotting medication enoxaparin (adjOR 3.22, 95%CI 1.01-10.22) and self-reported vaginal infections (adjOR 1.69, 95%CI 1.01-2.80). There was no strong support for the hypothesis that periconceptional folic acid supplements have a protective effect, but there was a protective effect of frequent consumption of folate rich fruits (adjOR 0.64, 95%CI 0.47-0.89). Compared to the most common pre-pregnancy dietary pattern, CHD risk was associated with a poor diet low in fruit and vegetables (adjOR 1.56, 95%CI 1.05-2.34). Mothers of cases reported more pregnancy related stress (adjOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.22-2.34) and multiple stressors (adjOR 1.94, 95%CI 0.83-4.53). We found no supportive evidence for CHD risk being associated with obesity, smoking, depression or antidepressant use in this population. Our findings add to the previous evidence base to show potential for public health approaches to help prevent CHD in future by modifying environmental factors. Independent confirmation should be sought regarding elevated CHD risk associated with maternal blood clotting disorders and their treatment, since we are the first to report this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Dolk
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola McCullough
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead Callaghan
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Casey
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Craig
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Given
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Loane
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Briege M. Lagan
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Bunting
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Breidge Boyle
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Tabib Dabir
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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19
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Marathe SP, Talwar S. The science and art of aortic and/or pulmonary root translocation. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 13:56-66. [PMID: 32030036 PMCID: PMC6979018 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to present and compare different surgical techniques of root translocation of the great arteries except the Ross procedure. The historical aspects, technical considerations, and results are briefly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreet P Marathe
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Queensland Pediatric Cardiac Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sachin Talwar
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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20
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Mechanical Forces Regulate Cardiomyocyte Myofilament Maturation via the VCL-SSH1-CFL Axis. Dev Cell 2019; 51:62-77.e5. [PMID: 31495694 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces regulate cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis. During cardiac development, mechanical stimuli from the heartbeat are required for cardiomyocyte maturation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we first show that the forces of the contracting heart regulate the localization and activation of the cytoskeletal protein vinculin (VCL), which we find to be essential for myofilament maturation. To further analyze the role of VCL in this process, we examined its interactome in contracting versus non-contracting cardiomyocytes and, in addition to several known interactors, including actin regulators, identified the slingshot protein phosphatase SSH1. We show how VCL recruits SSH1 and its effector, the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin (CFL), to regulate F-actin rearrangement and promote cardiomyocyte myofilament maturation. Overall, our results reveal that mechanical forces generated by cardiac contractility regulate cardiomyocyte maturation through the VCL-SSH1-CFL axis, providing further insight into how mechanical forces are transmitted intracellularly to regulate myofilament maturation.
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21
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Shi Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhuang J, Wang H, Hu M, Mo X, Yue S, Chen Y, Fan X, Chen J, Cai W, Zhu X, Wan Y, Zhong Y, Ye X, Li F, Zhou Z, Dai G, Luo R, Ocorr K, Jiang Z, Li X, Zhu P, Wu X, Yuan W. The Functional Polymorphism R129W in the BVES Gene Is Associated with Sporadic Tetralogy of Fallot in the Han Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:601-609. [PMID: 31386585 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) accounts for ∼10% of congenital heart disease cases. The blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) gene has been reported to play a role in the function of adult hearts. However, whether allelic variants in BVES contribute to the risk of TOF and its possible mechanism remains unknown. Methods: The open reading frame of the BVES gene was sequenced using samples from 146 TOF patients and 100 unrelated healthy controls. qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used to confirm the expression of mutated BVES variants in the TOF samples. The online software Polyphen2 and SIFT were used to predict the deleterious effects of the observed allelic variants. The effects of these allelic variants on the transcriptional activities of genes were examined using dual-fluorescence reporter assays. Results: We genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BVES gene from each of the 146 TOF patients. Among them, the minor allelic frequencies of c.385C>T (p.R129W) were 0.035% in TOF, but ∼0.025% in 100 controls and the Chinese Millionome Database. This allelic variant was predicted to be a potentially harmful alteration by the Polyphen2 and SIFT softwares. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses indicated that the expression of BVES in the six right ventricular outflow tract samples with the c.385C>T allelic variant was significantly downregulated. A dual-fluorescence reporter system showed that the c.385C>T allelic variant significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of the BVES gene and also decreased transcription from the GATA4 and NKX2.5 promoters. Conclusions: c.385C>T (p.R129W) is a functional SNP of the BVES gene that reduces the transcriptional activity of BVES in vitro and in vivo in TOF tissues. This subsequently affects the transcriptional activities of GATA4 and NKX2.5 related to TOF. These findings suggest that c.385C>T may be associated with the risk of TOF in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuequn Wang
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyang Mo
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shusheng Yue
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongwei Fan
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwan Cai
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Wan
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangli Ye
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuoqiong Zhou
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Dai
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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22
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Basu M, Garg V. Maternal hyperglycemia and fetal cardiac development: Clinical impact and underlying mechanisms. Birth Defects Res 2019; 110:1504-1516. [PMID: 30576094 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect and is both a significant pediatric and adult health problem, in light of a growing population of survivors. The etiology of CHD has been considered to be multifactorial with genetic and environmental factors playing important roles. The combination of advances in cardiac developmental biology, which have resulted in the elucidation of molecular pathways regulating normal cardiac morphogenesis, and genome sequencing technology have allowed the discovery of numerous genetic contributors of CHD ranging from chromosomal abnormalities to single gene variants. Conversely, mechanistic details of the contribution of environmental factors to CHD remain unknown. Maternal diabetes mellitus (matDM) is a well-established and increasingly prevalent environmental risk factor for CHD, but the underlying etiologic mechanisms by which pregestational matDM increases the vulnerability of embryos to cardiac malformations remains largely elusive. Here, we will briefly discuss the multifactorial etiology of CHD with a focus on the epidemiologic link between matDM and CHD. We will describe the animal models used to study the underlying mechanisms between matDM and CHD and review the numerous cellular and molecular pathways affected by maternal hyperglycemia in the developing heart. Last, we discuss how this increased understanding may open the door for the development of novel prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of CHD in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancong Zhao
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China.,3 Department of Genetics The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Qianchuang Sun
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China.,3 Department of Genetics The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Lufang Zhou
- 4 Department of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Kexiang Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Kai Jiao
- 3 Department of Genetics The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
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24
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Cao BL, Xu C. Challenges in assessing the use of antibiotics during pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 86:620-621. [PMID: 31144339 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Liu Cao
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Colin Xu
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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25
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Liu H, Hu Y, Yin J, Yan X, Chen W, Wang X, Han S, Yu Z, Li M. Effects of long non-coding RNA uc.245 on cardiomyocyte-like differentiation in P19 cells via FOG2. Gene 2019; 694:83-92. [PMID: 30716443 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Each year, cardiac diseases may cause a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that contained ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) may play important roles on cardiomyocytes differentiation. Further investigations underlying mechanisms of lncRNA-UC regulating embryonic heart development are necessary. In this study, we investigated the effects of lnc-uc.245 on proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cardiomyocyte-like differentiation in P19 cells with DMSO stimulation, and hypothesized that lnc-uc.245 would influence cardiomyocytes differentiation via FOG2. Lentiviral vectors of pGPU6/GFP/Neo-uc.245 and pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-uc.245 were respectively transfected into P19 cells to overexpress or silence uc.245. MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining, scratch test and transwell assay were performed and the results showed that uc.245 overexpression could significantly suppress P19 cell proliferation, migration, cardiomyocyte-like differentiation but promote cell apoptosis. Contrarily, sh-uc.245 treatment caused the opposite changes. Uc.245 overexpression obviously downregulated the expression of cardiomyogenic-specific molecular markers (cTnI, ANP, α-MHC, Nkx2.5, GATA4, MEF2C) but remarkably upregulated the expression of FOG2. Subsequently, we transfected the recombinant vectors loaded FOG2 or shRRNA-FOG2 into P19 cells to further address the functional significance of FOG2 in uc.245-regulated cardiomyocyte-like differentiation. Interestingly, we found that overexpressing of FOG2 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and inhibited apoptosis both in uc.245 overexpressed and silenced P19 cells, especially in uc.245 silenced cell line. In addition, sh-FOG2 promoted cardiomyocyte-like differentiation and upregulated the expression of cardiomyogenic-specific markers at the gene and protein levels both in uc.245 overexpressed and silenced P19 cells. Similarly, this upregulation effect of sh-FOG2 was more obvious after uc.245 silencing. These findings suggest that FOG2 is a key mediator during uc.245-regulated differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes. It is expected that lnc-uc.245/FOG2 will become a promising therapeutic target for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 123 Tian Fei Xiang, Mo Chou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yin Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 123 Tian Fei Xiang, Mo Chou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 123 Tian Fei Xiang, Mo Chou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangyun Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 123 Tian Fei Xiang, Mo Chou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 123 Tian Fei Xiang, Mo Chou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 123 Tian Fei Xiang, Mo Chou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuping Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 123 Tian Fei Xiang, Mo Chou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhangbin Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 123 Tian Fei Xiang, Mo Chou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 123 Tian Fei Xiang, Mo Chou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China.
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26
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Paudel S, Sindelar R, Saha M. Calcium Signaling in Vertebrate Development and Its Role in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3390. [PMID: 30380695 PMCID: PMC6274931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence over the past three decades suggests that altered calcium signaling during development may be a major driving force for adult pathophysiological events. Well over a hundred human genes encode proteins that are specifically dedicated to calcium homeostasis and calcium signaling, and the majority of these are expressed during embryonic development. Recent advances in molecular techniques have identified impaired calcium signaling during development due to either mutations or dysregulation of these proteins. This impaired signaling has been implicated in various human diseases ranging from cardiac malformations to epilepsy. Although the molecular basis of these and other diseases have been well studied in adult systems, the potential developmental origins of such diseases are less well characterized. In this review, we will discuss the recent evidence that examines different patterns of calcium activity during early development, as well as potential medical conditions associated with its dysregulation. Studies performed using various model organisms, including zebrafish, Xenopus, and mouse, have underscored the critical role of calcium activity in infertility, abortive pregnancy, developmental defects, and a range of diseases which manifest later in life. Understanding the underlying mechanisms by which calcium regulates these diverse developmental processes remains a challenge; however, this knowledge will potentially enable calcium signaling to be used as a therapeutic target in regenerative and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Paudel
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
| | - Regan Sindelar
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
| | - Margaret Saha
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
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27
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Al-Zahrani RS, Alharbi SH, Tuwaijri RMA, Alzomaili BT, Althubaiti A, Yelbuz TM. Transposition of the great arteries: A laterality defect in the group of heterotaxy syndromes or an outflow tract malformation? Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 11:237-249. [PMID: 30271012 PMCID: PMC6146851 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_24_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is traditionally classified as a "conotruncal heart defect", implying that TGA evolves from abnormal development of the outflow tract (OFT) of the embryonic heart. However, recently published genetic data suggest that TGA may be linked to laterality gene defects rather than OFT gene defects. The aim of our study was to clarify whether there is any statistically significant link between TGA and clinically diagnosed laterality defects (heterotaxy). METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 533 patients diagnosed with TGA at our cardiac center over a period of 13 years (2002-2015). Hospital informatics and digital data recording systems were used for collecting patients' data and all patients were reviewed to check the echocardiograms for verification of the diagnosis, type (TGA, congenitally corrected TGA (ccTGA), and levo-position of the great arteries (LGA)), complexity of TGA, and all other variables (e.g., abdominal organ arrangement, cardiac position, presence or absence of other cardiac defects). RESULTS Of 533 TGA patients, 495 (92.9%) had the usual arrangement of the internal organs, 21 (3.9%) had mirror-imagery, 7 (1.3%) had left and 10 (1.8%) had right isomerism. 444 (83.3%) patients had TGA. The number of patients who had usual visceral arrangement in each TGA type was: 418 (94.1%) in TGA, 49 (92.4%) in ccTGA, and 28 (77.7%) in LGA. 6 (1.4%) TGA patients, 4 (11.1%) patients with LGA were found to have right isomerism, while no ccTGA patient presented with this asymmetry. 4 (0.9%) TGA patients, 1 (1.9%) ccTGA patient and 2 (5.6%) patients with LGA had left isomerism. Heterotaxy (mirror-imagery, left and right isomerism) was more associated with LGA than TGA or ccTGA with a statistically significant difference (P value of 0.001). CONCLUSION In contrast to recently published genetic data, our morphological data do not disclose a significant link between TGA and heterotaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana S Al-Zahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samaher H Alharbi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan M A Tuwaijri
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan T Alzomaili
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Althubaiti
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talat Mesud Yelbuz
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchuang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
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29
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Pesco-Koplowitz L, Gintant G, Ward R, Heon D, Saulnier M, Heilbraun J. Drug-induced cardiac abnormalities in premature infants and neonates. Am Heart J 2018; 195:14-38. [PMID: 29224642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Cardiac Safety Research Consortium (CSRC) is a transparent, public-private partnership that was established in 2005 as a Critical Path Program and formalized in 2006 under a Memorandum of Understanding between the United States Food and Drug Administration and Duke University. Our continuing goal is to advance paradigms for more efficient regulatory science related to the cardiovascular safety of new therapeutics, both in the United States and globally, particularly where such safety questions add burden to innovative research and development. This White Paper provides a summary of discussions by a cardiovascular committee cosponsored by the CSRC and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that initially met in December 2014, and periodically convened at FDA's White Oak headquarters from March 2015 to September 2016. The committee focused on the lack of information concerning the cardiac effects of medications in the premature infant and neonate population compared with that of the older pediatric and adult populations. Key objectives of this paper are as follows: Provide an overview of human developmental cardiac electrophysiology, as well as the electrophysiology of premature infants and neonates; summarize all published juvenile animal models relevant to drug-induced cardiac toxicity; provide a consolidated source for all reported drug-induced cardiac toxicities by therapeutic area as a resource for neonatologists; present drugs that have a known cardiac effect in an adult population, but no reported toxicity in the premature infant and neonate populations; and summarize what is not currently known about drug-induced cardiac toxicity in premature infants and neonates, and what could be done to address this lack of knowledge. This paper presents the views of the authors and should not be construed to represent the views or policies of the FDA or Health Canada.
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30
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Fakoya AOJ, Otohinoyi DA, Marcelle T, Yusuf J. The Palm-Heart Diameter: A Prospective Simple Screening Tool for Identifying Heart Enlargement. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:818-824. [PMID: 29362603 PMCID: PMC5771279 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several speculations have linked the size of the fist to be equal to the size of the heart. However, the substantial scientific report still lacks to support this theory. AIM: This study aims to provide the validity of the fist-heart assumption by correlating the palm and heart diameters while benchmarking it as a reference tool for determining the normal heart size. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Volunteers from the public were recruited during a health fair organised by the school. A self-administered questionnaire for necessary information was distributed after the volunteers signed the consent forms. The palm of both hands was measured in duplicates using a flexible ruler. Ultrasound examination was used in measuring the diameter of the heart with the landmark being from the anterior fibrous pericardium to the lowest part of the posterior fibrous pericardium. The level of significance was kept at P < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 275 people, consisting of 123 males and 152 females participated in the study. The age range was from 15 to 80 years with a mean age of 28.16 ± 16.18. The measurement showed that the size of both palms correlated with the heart diameter, p < 0.05. Other factors such as age and height showed a substantial level of correlation. However, this correlation ceased with older participants. Palm size did not correlate among participants with previously diagnosed prehypertension. However, participants with previously diagnosed hypertension with good medication compliance maintained the correlation. CONCLUSION: This study establishes the correlation between the palm and heart diameters. Since the heart tissue and the upper limb share a similar embryonic origin, being the mesoderm, this study prospects the fact that heart enlargement could be preliminarily identified by measuring the size of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Adeiza Otohinoyi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, All Saints University School of Medicine Dominica, Dominica
| | - Terrence Marcelle
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, All Saints University School of Medicine Dominica, Dominica
| | - Joshua Yusuf
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, All Saints University School of Medicine Dominica, Dominica
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31
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Wang D, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang W, Wang K, Wu X, Li Z, Zhao C, Li L, Peng L. Impact of miR-26b on cardiomyocyte differentiation in P19 cells through regulating canonical/non-canonical Wnt signalling. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28810055 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The control of cardiomyocyte differentiation is tightly linked to microRNAs (miRNAs), which have been emerging as important players in heart development. However, the regulation mechanisms mediated by miRNAs in early heart development remains speculative. Here, we evaluated the impact of miR-26b during the progression of cardiomyocyte differentiation from the P19 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The overexpression of miR-26b in P19 cells was performed by transduction with lentivirus vector. The levels of cardiac-related genes during P19 cell differentiation were detected using quantitative real-time PCR for mRNA abundance and Western blots for protein expression. ICG-001 was applied to elucidate the role of β-catenin on P19 cells differentiation. The Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to monitor the cell proliferation. The target genes of miR-26b were validated using the dual luciferase reporter system. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-26b upregulates the expression level of cardiomyocyte-related genes such as Gata4, cTNT, α-MHC and α-Actinin that comprehensively represent cardiomyocyte differentiation by effecting Wnt5a signalling and Gsk3β activity. However, ICG-001 blocks the differentiation along with inhibition of the cell proliferation. In addition, miR-26b also regulates CyclinD1 to promote P19 cell proliferation, thereby, demonstrating the rapid aggregation and differentiation programming of these cells into cardiomyocytic types. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that miR-26b exerts a role on promoting cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19 cells by controlling the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuimei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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32
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Ahmad SM. Conserved signaling mechanisms in Drosophila heart development. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:641-656. [PMID: 28598558 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through multiple distinct pathways regulates and orchestrates the numerous biological processes comprising heart development. This review outlines the roles of the FGFR, EGFR, Wnt, BMP, Notch, Hedgehog, Slit/Robo, and other signaling pathways during four sequential phases of Drosophila cardiogenesis-mesoderm migration, cardiac mesoderm establishment, differentiation of the cardiac mesoderm into distinct cardiac cell types, and morphogenesis of the heart and its lumen based on the proper positioning and cell shape changes of these differentiated cardiac cells-and illustrates how these same cardiogenic roles are conserved in vertebrates. Mechanisms bringing about the regulation and combinatorial integration of these diverse signaling pathways in Drosophila are also described. This synopsis of our present state of knowledge of conserved signaling pathways in Drosophila cardiogenesis and the means by which it was acquired should facilitate our understanding of and investigations into related processes in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 246:641-656, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaad M Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana.,The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana
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33
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Kloesel B, DiNardo JA, Body SC. Cardiac Embryology and Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital Heart Disease: A Primer for Anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:551-69. [PMID: 27541719 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is diagnosed in 0.4% to 5% of live births and presents unique challenges to the pediatric anesthesiologist. Furthermore, advances in surgical management have led to improved survival of those patients, and many adult anesthesiologists now frequently take care of adolescents and adults who have previously undergone surgery to correct or palliate congenital heart lesions. Knowledge of abnormal heart development on the molecular and genetic level extends and improves the anesthesiologist's understanding of congenital heart disease. In this article, we aim to review current knowledge pertaining to genetic alterations and their cellular effects that are involved in the formation of congenital heart defects. Given that congenital heart disease can currently only occasionally be traced to a single genetic mutation, we highlight some of the difficulties that researchers face when trying to identify specific steps in the pathogenetic development of heart lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kloesel
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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34
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Zeidler S, Meckbach C, Tacke R, Raad FS, Roa A, Uchida S, Zimmermann WH, Wingender E, Gültas M. Computational Detection of Stage-Specific Transcription Factor Clusters during Heart Development. Front Genet 2016; 7:33. [PMID: 27047536 PMCID: PMC4804722 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression in living organisms. In higher organisms, TFs often interact in non-random combinations with each other to control gene transcription. Understanding the interactions is key to decipher mechanisms underlying tissue development. The aim of this study was to analyze co-occurring transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in a time series dataset from a new cell-culture model of human heart muscle development in order to identify common as well as specific co-occurring TFBS pairs in the promoter regions of regulated genes which can be essential to enhance cardiac tissue developmental processes. To this end, we separated available RNAseq dataset into five temporally defined groups: (i) mesoderm induction stage; (ii) early cardiac specification stage; (iii) late cardiac specification stage; (iv) early cardiac maturation stage; (v) late cardiac maturation stage, where each of these stages is characterized by unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To identify TFBS pairs for each stage, we applied the MatrixCatch algorithm, which is a successful method to deduce experimentally described TFBS pairs in the promoters of the DEGs. Although DEGs in each stage are distinct, our results show that the TFBS pair networks predicted by MatrixCatch for all stages are quite similar. Thus, we extend the results of MatrixCatch utilizing a Markov clustering algorithm (MCL) to perform network analysis. Using our extended approach, we are able to separate the TFBS pair networks in several clusters to highlight stage-specific co-occurences between TFBSs. Our approach has revealed clusters that are either common (NFAT or HMGIY clusters) or specific (SMAD or AP-1 clusters) for the individual stages. Several of these clusters are likely to play an important role during the cardiomyogenesis. Further, we have shown that the related TFs of TFBSs in the clusters indicate potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions to switch between different stages. Additionally, our results suggest that cardiomyogenesis follows the hourglass model which was already proven for Arabidopsis and some vertebrates. This investigation helps us to get a better understanding of how each stage of cardiomyogenesis is affected by different combination of TFs. Such knowledge may help to understand basic principles of stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zeidler
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Meckbach
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Tacke
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Farah S Raad
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angelica Roa
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar Wingender
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
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35
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van Veenendaal NR, Kusters CDJ, Oostra RJ, Bergman JEH, Cobben JM. When the right (Drug) should be left: Prenatal drug exposure and heterotaxy syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:573-9. [PMID: 26991659 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies reported an association between prenatal propylthiouracil exposure and birth defects, including abnormal arrangement across the left-right body axis, suggesting an association with heterotaxy syndrome. METHODS This case-control and case-finding study used data from 1981 to 2013 from the EUROCAT birth defect registry in the Northern Netherlands. First, we explored prenatal exposures in heterotaxy syndrome (cases) and Down syndrome (controls). Second, we describe the specific birth defects in offspring of mothers using propylthiouracil (PTU) prenatally. RESULTS A total of 66 cases with heterotaxy syndrome (incidence 12.1 per 100,000 pregnancies) and 783 controls with Down syndrome (143.3 per 100,000 pregnancies) were studied. No differences in intoxication use during pregnancy were found between cases and controls, including smoking (28.0% vs. 22.7%; p = 0.40), alcohol (14.0% vs. 26.9%; p = 0.052), and recreational drugs (0 vs. 0.3%; p = 1.00). We found an association between heterotaxy syndrome and prenatal drug exposure to follitropin-alfa (5.6% vs. 1.1%; p = 0.04), and drugs used in nicotine dependence (3.7% vs. 0.2%; p = 0.02). Five mothers used PTU during pregnancy and gave birth to a child with trisomy 18, renal abnormalities, or hypospadias and cardiac defects. CONCLUSION This study identified follitropin-alfa and drugs used in nicotine dependence as possible teratogens of heterotaxy syndrome. Our data suggest the possibility that there is an increased risk of birth defects (including renal, urological, and cardiac abnormalities) in children born among mothers taking PTU prenatally, but not for heterotaxy syndrome. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:573-579, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R van Veenendaal
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia D J Kusters
- Eurocat Northern Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof-Jan Oostra
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorieke E H Bergman
- Eurocat Northern Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Maarten Cobben
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ladd AN. New Insights Into the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Heart Development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 324:125-85. [PMID: 27017008 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression during development takes place both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate pre-mRNA processing, mRNA localization, stability, and translation. Many RBPs are expressed in the heart and have been implicated in heart development, function, or disease. This chapter will review the current knowledge about RBPs in the developing heart, focusing on those that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. The involvement of RBPs at each stage of heart development will be considered in turn, including the establishment of specific cardiac cell types and formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac morphogenesis, and postnatal maturation and aging. The contributions of RBPs to cardiac birth defects and heart disease will also be considered in these contexts. Finally, the interplay between RBPs and other regulatory factors in the developing heart, such as transcription factors and miRNAs, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Ladd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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Maleszewski J, Lai C, Veinot J. Anatomic Considerations and Examination of Cardiovascular Specimens (Excluding Devices). Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Weise-Cross L, Taylor JM, Mack CP. Inhibition of Diaphanous Formin Signaling In Vivo Impairs Cardiovascular Development and Alters Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2374-83. [PMID: 26381868 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We and others have previously shown that RhoA-dependent stimulation of myocardin-related transcription factor nuclear localization promotes smooth muscle cell (SMC) marker gene expression. The goal of this study was to provide direct in vivo evidence that actin polymerization by the diaphanous-related formins contributes to the regulation of SMC differentiation and phenotype. APPROACH AND RESULTS Conditional Cre-based genetic approaches were used to overexpress a well-characterized dominant-negative variant of mDia1 (DNmDia) in SMC. DNmDia expression in SM22-expressing cells resulted in embryonic and perinatal lethality in ≈20% of mice because of defects in myocardial development and SMC investment of peripheral vessels. Although most DNmDia(+)/SM22Cre(+) mice exhibited no overt phenotype, the re-expression of SMC differentiation marker gene expression that occurs after carotid artery ligation was delayed, and this effect was accompanied by a significant decrease in myocardin-related transcription factor-A nuclear localization. Interestingly, neointima growth was inhibited by expression of DNmDia in SMC and this was likely because of a defect in directional SMC migration and not to defects in SMC proliferation or survival. Finally, by using the tamoxifen-inducible SM MHC-CreER(T2) line, we showed that SMC-specific induction of DNmDia in adult mice decreased SMC marker gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our demonstration that diaphanous-related formin signaling plays a role in heart and vascular development and the maintenance of SMC phenotype provides important new evidence that Rho/actin/myocardin-related transcription factor signaling plays a critical role in cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weise-Cross
- From the Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Joan M Taylor
- From the Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Christopher P Mack
- From the Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
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