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Jiao D, Xu L, Gu Z, Yan H, Shen D, Gu X. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:917-935. [PMID: 38989927 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a severe, relapsing, and multifactorial neurological disorder. Studies regarding the accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of epilepsy. The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression, protein expression, ion channel activity, energy metabolites, and gut microbiota composition. Satisfactory results are lacking for conventional treatments for epilepsy. Surgical resection of lesions, drug therapy, and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with epilepsy. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as a ketogenic diet, gene therapy for nerve regeneration, and neural regulation, are currently areas of research focus. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatments of epilepsy. It also elaborates on the theoretical basis, treatment modes, and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy, including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain electrical stimulation, repetitive nerve electrical stimulation, in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Numerous studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures. Additionally, many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being explored. However, current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients' clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level, which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingding Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Garcia-Sanchez J, Lin D, Liu WW. Mechanosensitive ion channels in glaucoma pathophysiology. Vision Res 2024; 223:108473. [PMID: 39180975 PMCID: PMC11398070 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Force sensing is a fundamental ability that allows cells and organisms to interact with their physical environment. The eye is constantly subjected to mechanical forces such as blinking and eye movements. Furthermore, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) can cause mechanical strain at the optic nerve head, resulting in retinal ganglion cell death (RGC) in glaucoma. How mechanical stimuli are sensed and affect cellular physiology in the eye is unclear. Recent studies have shown that mechanosensitive ion channels are expressed in many ocular tissues relevant to glaucoma and may influence IOP regulation and RGC survival. Furthermore, variants in mechanosensitive ion channel genes may be associated with risk for primary open angle glaucoma. These findings suggest that mechanosensitive channels may be important mechanosensors mediating cellular responses to pressure signals in the eye. In this review, we focus on mechanosensitive ion channels from three major channel families-PIEZO, two-pore potassium and transient receptor potential channels. We review the key properties of these channels, their effects on cell function and physiology, and discuss their possible roles in glaucoma pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Garcia-Sanchez
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Danting Lin
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Wendy W Liu
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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3
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Krygier M, Ziętkiewicz S, Talaśka-Liczbik W, Chylińska M, Walczak A, Kostrzewa G, Płoski R, Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska M. The epilepsy phenotype of KCNK4-related neurodevelopmental disease. Seizure 2024; 121:114-122. [PMID: 39146707 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potassium ion channels play a crucial role in maintaining cellular electrical stability and are implicated in various epilepsies. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in KCNK4 cause a recognizable neurodevelopmental syndrome with facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID), and gingival overgrowth (FHEIG). To date, no more than nine patients with FHEIG have been described worldwide and still little is known about epileptic phenotype in KCNK4-related disease. METHODS We identified a novel de novo p.(Gly139Arg) variant in KCNK4 in a patient with drug-resistant nocturnal seizures, mild ID, and dysmorphic features. In silico analyses of the variant strongly suggest a gain-of-function effect. We conducted a retrospective review of previously published cases, focusing on the epileptic features and response to various treatments. RESULTS To date, epilepsy has been reported in 8/10 patients with KCNK4-related disease. The mean age of seizure onset was 1.8 years, and the most common seizure type was focal to bilateral tonic-clonic (5/8). Sodium channel blockers and valproate were effective in the majority of patients, but in 3/8 the epilepsy was drug-resistant. Our patient showed improved seizure control after treatment with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor sulthiame. Interestingly, the patient showed features of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome, a phenomenon not previously described in potassium channelopathies caused by increased K+ conductance. CONCLUSION Gain-of-function variants in KCNK4 cause a spectrum of epilepsies, ranging from benign isolated epilepsy to epileptic encephalopathy, with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures being the most commonly observed. Importantly, a subgroup of patients present with a mild extra-neurological phenotype without characteristic facial dysmorphism or generalized hypertrichosis. This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of KNCK4-associated disease and provides new insights into the clinical heterogeneity of this rare neurodevelopmental syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krygier
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Szymon Ziętkiewicz
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Walczak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kostrzewa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Luque-Fernández V, Vanspauwen SK, Landra-Willm A, Arvedsen E, Besquent M, Sandoz G, Rasmussen HB. An ankyrin G-binding motif mediates TRAAK periodic localization at axon initial segments of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310120121. [PMID: 39058579 PMCID: PMC11295008 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310120121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a critical compartment in neurons. It converts postsynaptic input into action potentials that subsequently trigger information transfer to target neurons. This process relies on the presence of several voltage-gated sodium (NaV) and potassium (KV) channels that accumulate in high densities at the AIS. TRAAK is a mechanosensitive leak potassium channel that was recently localized to the nodes of Ranvier. Here, we uncover that TRAAK is also present in AISs of hippocampal and cortical neurons in the adult rat brain as well as in AISs of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We show that the AIS localization is driven by a C-terminal ankyrin G-binding sequence that organizes TRAAK in a 190 nm spaced periodic pattern that codistributes with periodically organized ankyrin G. We furthermore uncover that while the identified ankyrin G-binding motif is analogous to known ankyrin G-binding motifs in NaV1 and KV7.2/KV7.3 channels, it was acquired by convergent evolution. Our findings identify TRAAK as an AIS ion channel that convergently acquired an ankyrin G-binding motif and expand the role of ankyrin G to include the nanoscale organization of ion channels at the AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Luque-Fernández
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
| | - Sam K. Vanspauwen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Landra-Willm
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice06108, France
- Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice06100, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire InovPain, Côte d’Azur University, University Hospital Centre Nice, Nice06000, France
| | - Emil Arvedsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
| | - Maïlys Besquent
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice06108, France
- Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice06100, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire InovPain, Côte d’Azur University, University Hospital Centre Nice, Nice06000, France
| | - Guillaume Sandoz
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice06108, France
- Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice06100, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire InovPain, Côte d’Azur University, University Hospital Centre Nice, Nice06000, France
| | - Hanne B. Rasmussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
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Abedini SS, Akhavantabasi S, Liang Y, Heng JIT, Alizadehsani R, Dehzangi I, Bauer DC, Alinejad-Rokny H. A critical review of the impact of candidate copy number variants on autism spectrum disorder. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108509. [PMID: 38977176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Recent advancements in genomic analysis have shed light on numerous genes associated with ASD, highlighting the significant role of both common and rare genetic mutations, as well as copy number variations (CNVs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and unique de novo variants. These genetic variations disrupt neurodevelopmental pathways, contributing to the disorder's complexity. Notably, CNVs are present in 10 %-20 % of individuals with autism, with 3 %-7 % detectable through cytogenetic methods. While the role of submicroscopic CNVs in ASD has been recently studied, their association with genomic loci and genes has not been thoroughly explored. In this review, we focus on 47 CNV regions linked to ASD, encompassing 1632 genes, including protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), of which 659 show significant brain expression. Using a list of ASD-associated genes from SFARI, we detect 17 regions harboring at least one known ASD-related protein-coding gene. Of the remaining 30 regions, we identify 24 regions containing at least one protein-coding gene with brain-enriched expression and a nervous system phenotype in mouse mutants, and one lncRNA with both brain-enriched expression and upregulation in iPSC to neuron differentiation. This review not only expands our understanding of the genetic diversity associated with ASD but also underscores the potential of lncRNAs in contributing to its etiology. Additionally, the discovered CNVs will be a valuable resource for future diagnostic, therapeutic, and research endeavors aimed at prioritizing genetic variations in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Sedigheh Abedini
- UNSW BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shiva Akhavantabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey; Ghiaseddin Jamshid Kashani University, Andisheh University Town, Danesh Blvd, 3441356611, Abyek, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Yuheng Liang
- UNSW BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Julian Ik-Tsen Heng
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6845, Australia
| | - Roohallah Alizadehsani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iman Dehzangi
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA; Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Denis C Bauer
- Transformational Bioinformatics, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, Australia; Applied BioSciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- UNSW BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Tyree Institute of Health Engineering (IHealthE), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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6
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Galosi S, Mancini C, Commone A, Calligari P, Caputo V, Nardecchia F, Carducci C, van den Heuvel LP, Pizzi S, Bruselles A, Niceta M, Martinelli S, Rodenburg RJ, Tartaglia M, Leuzzi V. Biallelic Variants of MRPS36 Cause a New Form of Leigh Syndrome. Mov Disord 2024; 39:1225-1231. [PMID: 38685873 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MRPS36 gene encodes a recently identified component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), a key enzyme of the Krebs cycle catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA. Defective OGDHC activity causes a clinically variable metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, severe neurological impairment, liver failure, and early-onset lactic acidosis. METHODS We investigated the molecular cause underlying Leigh syndrome with bilateral striatal necrosis in two siblings through exome sequencing. Functional studies included measurement of the OGDHC enzymatic activity and MRPS36 mRNA levels in fibroblasts, assessment of protein stability in transfected cells, and structural analysis. A literature review was performed to define the etiological and phenotypic spectrum of OGDHC deficiency. RESULTS In the two affected brothers, exome sequencing identified a homozygous nonsense variant (c.283G>T, p.Glu95*) of MRPS36. The variant did not affect transcript processing and stability, nor protein levels, but resulted in a shorter protein lacking nine residues that contribute to the structural and functional organization of the OGDHC complex. OGDHC enzymatic activity was significantly reduced. The review of previously reported cases of OGDHC deficiency supports the association of this enzymatic defect with Leigh phenotypic spectrum and early-onset movement disorder. Slightly elevated plasma levels of glutamate and glutamine were observed in our and literature patients with OGDHC defect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to MRPS36 as a new disease gene implicated in Leigh syndrome. The slight elevation of plasma levels of glutamate and glutamine observed in patients with OGDHC deficiency represents a candidate metabolic signature of this neurometabolic disorder. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Commone
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Carducci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lambertus P van den Heuvel
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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7
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Pio-Lopez L, Levin M. Aging as a loss of morphostatic information: A developmental bioelectricity perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102310. [PMID: 38636560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining order at the tissue level is crucial throughout the lifespan, as failure can lead to cancer and an accumulation of molecular and cellular disorders. Perhaps, the most consistent and pervasive result of these failures is aging, which is characterized by the progressive loss of function and decline in the ability to maintain anatomical homeostasis and reproduce. This leads to organ malfunction, diseases, and ultimately death. The traditional understanding of aging is that it is caused by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. In this article, we propose a complementary view of aging from the perspective of endogenous bioelectricity which has not yet been integrated into aging research. We propose a view of aging as a morphostasis defect, a loss of biophysical prepattern information, encoding anatomical setpoints used for dynamic tissue and organ homeostasis. We hypothesize that this is specifically driven by abrogation of the endogenous bioelectric signaling that normally harnesses individual cell behaviors toward the creation and upkeep of complex multicellular structures in vivo. Herein, we first describe bioelectricity as the physiological software of life, and then identify and discuss the links between bioelectricity and life extension strategies and age-related diseases. We develop a bridge between aging and regeneration via bioelectric signaling that suggests a research program for healthful longevity via morphoceuticals. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of the homologies between development, aging, cancer and regeneration and how morphoceuticals can be developed for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pio-Lopez
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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8
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Cesana D, Cicalese MP, Calabria A, Merli P, Caruso R, Volpin M, Rudilosso L, Migliavacca M, Barzaghi F, Fossati C, Gazzo F, Pizzi S, Ciolfi A, Bruselles A, Tucci F, Spinozzi G, Pais G, Benedicenti F, Barcella M, Merelli I, Gallina P, Giannelli S, Dionisio F, Scala S, Casiraghi M, Strocchio L, Vinti L, Pacillo L, Draghi E, Cesana M, Riccardo S, Colantuono C, Six E, Cavazzana M, Carlucci F, Schmidt M, Cancrini C, Ciceri F, Vago L, Cacchiarelli D, Gentner B, Naldini L, Tartaglia M, Montini E, Locatelli F, Aiuti A. A case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in retroviral gene therapy for ADA-SCID. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3662. [PMID: 38688902 PMCID: PMC11061298 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (GT) using a γ-retroviral vector (γ-RV) is an effective treatment for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency due to Adenosine Deaminase deficiency. Here, we describe a case of GT-related T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) that developed 4.7 years after treatment. The patient underwent chemotherapy and haploidentical transplantation and is currently in remission. Blast cells contain a single vector insertion activating the LIM-only protein 2 (LMO2) proto-oncogene, confirmed by physical interaction, and low Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity resulting from methylation of viral promoter. The insertion is detected years before T-ALL in multiple lineages, suggesting that further hits occurred in a thymic progenitor. Blast cells contain known and novel somatic mutations as well as germline mutations which may have contributed to transformation. Before T-ALL onset, the insertion profile is similar to those of other ADA-deficient patients. The limited incidence of vector-related adverse events in ADA-deficiency compared to other γ-RV GT trials could be explained by differences in transgenes, background disease and patient's specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cesana
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calabria
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Volpin
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rudilosso
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Migliavacca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Barzaghi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Fossati
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Gazzo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Tucci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Spinozzi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Pais
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Benedicenti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Barcella
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, Italy
| | - Pierangela Gallina
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Giannelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Dionisio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Casiraghi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucia Pacillo
- Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Academic Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Draghi
- Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Cesana
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Riccardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA S.r.l., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Colantuono
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA S.r.l., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Six
- Laboratory of Human Lympho-hematopoiesis, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Filippo Carlucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Cancrini
- Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Academic Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- School for Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Sorum B, Docter T, Panico V, Rietmeijer RA, Brohawn SG. Tension activation of mechanosensitive two-pore domain K+ channels TRAAK, TREK-1, and TREK-2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3142. [PMID: 38605031 PMCID: PMC11009253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
TRAAK, TREK-1, and TREK-2 are mechanosensitive two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels that contribute to action potential propagation, sensory transduction, and muscle contraction. While structural and functional studies have led to models that explain their mechanosensitivity, we lack a quantitative understanding of channel activation by membrane tension. Here, we define the tension response of mechanosensitive K2Ps using patch-clamp recording and imaging. All are low-threshold mechanosensitive channels (T10%/50% 0.6-2.7 / 4.4-6.4 mN/m) with distinct response profiles. TRAAK is most sensitive, TREK-1 intermediate, and TREK-2 least sensitive. TRAAK and TREK-1 are activated broadly over a range encompassing nearly all physiologically relevant tensions. TREK-2, in contrast, activates over a narrower range like mechanosensitive channels Piezo1, MscS, and MscL. We further show that low-frequency, low-intensity focused ultrasound increases membrane tension to activate TRAAK and MscS. This work provides insight into tension gating of mechanosensitive K2Ps relevant to understanding their physiological roles and potential applications for ultrasonic neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sorum
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Trevor Docter
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vincent Panico
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robert A Rietmeijer
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stephen G Brohawn
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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10
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Jiang X, Zhao K, Sun Y, Song X, Yi C, Xiong T, Wang S, Yu Y, Chen X, Liu R, Yan X, Antos CL. The scale of zebrafish pectoral fin buds is determined by intercellular K+ levels and consequent Ca2+-mediated signaling via retinoic acid regulation of Rcan2 and Kcnk5b. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002565. [PMID: 38527087 PMCID: PMC11018282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
K+ channels regulate morphogens to scale adult fins, but little is known about what regulates the channels and how they control morphogen expression. Using the zebrafish pectoral fin bud as a model for early vertebrate fin/limb development, we found that K+ channels also scale this anatomical structure, and we determined how one K+-leak channel, Kcnk5b, integrates into its developmental program. From FLIM measurements of a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based K+ sensor, we observed coordinated decreases in intracellular K+ levels during bud growth, and overexpression of K+-leak channels in vivo coordinately increased bud proportions. Retinoic acid, which can enhance fin/limb bud growth, decreased K+ in bud tissues and up-regulated regulator of calcineurin (rcan2). rcan2 overexpression increased bud growth and decreased K+, while CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of rcan2 decreased growth and increased K+. We observed similar results in the adult caudal fins. Moreover, CRISPR targeting of Kcnk5b revealed that Rcan2-mediated growth was dependent on the Kcnk5b. We also found that Kcnk5b enhanced depolarization in fin bud cells via Na+ channels and that this enhanced depolarization was required for Kcnk5b-enhanced growth. Lastly, Kcnk5b-induced shha transcription and bud growth required IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and CaMKK activity. Thus, we provide a mechanism for how retinoic acid via rcan2 can regulate K+-channel activity to scale a vertebrate appendage via intercellular Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Yi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiduo Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christopher L. Antos
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Elhossini RM, Sayed IM, Hellal US, Mahmoud SAM, Aglan MS, Hassib NF, Abdel-Hamid MS. A recurrent KCNK4 variant in a dominant pedigree with hypertrichosis and gingival fibromatosis syndrome: Variable phenotypic expressivity and insights on patients' dental management. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:39-45. [PMID: 37750049 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal hyperpolarization of the KCNK4 gene, expressed in the nervous system, brain, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, leads to impaired neurotransmitter sensitivity, cardiac arrhythmias, and endocrine dysfunction, as well as, progressive cell proliferation. De novo gain of function variants in the KCNK4 gene were reported to cause a recognizable syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, epilepsy, intellectual/developmental delay, and gingival overgrowth (FHEIG, OMIM# 618381). FHEIG is extremely rare with only three reported cases in the literature. Herein, we describe the first inherited KCNK4 variant (c.730G>C, p.Ala244Pro) in an Egyptian boy and his mother. Variable phenotypic expressivity was noted as the patient presented with the full-blown picture of the syndrome while the mother presented only with hypertrichosis and gingival overgrowth without any neurological manifestations. The c.730G>C (p.Ala244Pro) variant was described before in a single patient and when comparing the phenotype with our patient, a phenotype-genotype correlation seems likely. Atrial fibrillation and joint laxity are new associated findings noted in our patient extending the clinical phenotype of the syndrome. Dental management was offered to the affected boy and a dramatic improvement was noted as the patient regained his smile, restored the mastication function, and resumed his psychological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Elhossini
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas M Sayed
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Usama Saad Hellal
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah A M Mahmoud
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Aglan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal F Hassib
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- School of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Garg R, Sullivan J, Blair D, Wallerstein R. KCNK4-related channelopathy causing a neurodevelopmental syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253410. [PMID: 37931962 PMCID: PMC10632805 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Garg
- Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph Sullivan
- Pediatric Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Blair
- Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Wallerstein
- Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Moschetta M, Vurro V, Sesti V, Bertarelli C, Paternò GM, Lanzani G. Modulation of Mechanosensitive Potassium Channels by a Membrane-targeted Nongenetic Photoswitch. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8869-8878. [PMID: 37815392 PMCID: PMC10591468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels are present in the plasma membranes of all cells. They play a fundamental role in converting mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals and are involved in several physiological processes such as touch sensation, hearing, and blood pressure regulation. This protein family includes TWIK-related arachidonic acid-stimulated K+ channel (TRAAK), which is specifically implicated in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential and in the regulation of a variety of important neurobiological functions. Dysregulation of these channels has been linked to various diseases, including blindness, epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, and chronic pain. For these reasons, mechanosensitive channels are targets for the treatment of several diseases. Here, we propose a new approach to investigate TRAAK ion channel modulation that is based on nongenetic photostimulation. We employed an amphiphilic azobenzene, named Ziapin2. In the dark, Ziapin2 preferentially dwells in the plasma membrane, causing a thinning of the membrane. Upon light irradiation, an isomerization occurs, breaking the dimers and inducing membrane relaxation. To study the effect of Ziapin2 on the mechanosensitive channels, we expressed human TRAAK (hTRAAK) channels in HEK293T cells. We observed that Ziapin2 insertion in the membrane is able per se to recruit hTRAAK, permitting the exit of K+ ions outside the cells with a consequent hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. During light stimulation, membrane relaxation induces hTRAAK closure, generating a consistent and compensatory depolarization. These results add information to the Ziapin2 mechanism and suggest that membrane deformation can be a tool for the nonselective modulation of mechanosensitive channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Moschetta
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino, 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Vito Vurro
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino, 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Sesti
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino, 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino, 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Paternò
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino, 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino, 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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14
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Bogdanović I, Opačić M, Baščarević V, Raičević S, Ilić R, Grujičić D, Spasojević I, Ristić AJ. A potential role of mechano-gated potassium channels in meningioma-related seizures. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20761. [PMID: 37860528 PMCID: PMC10582377 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Every third patient with intracranial meningioma develops seizures of poorly understood etiology. Tumor and peritumoral edema may exert mechanical pressure on the cortex that may affect mechano-gated potassium channels - KCNK2 and KCNK4. These channels regulate neuron excitability and have been related to seizures in some other conditions. The objective of the present study was to explore a potential relation between the levels of these proteins in tumor tissue and adjacent cortex and seizures development. The study included 19 meningioma patients that presented one or more preoperative seizures and 24 patients with no seizures. Tissue samples were collected in the course of surgical removal of the meningioma. Postoperative seizure freedom was achieved in 11 out of 19 patients. The relative level of KCNK2 in the cortical tissue was lower in patients with preoperative seizures. On the other hand, cortical tissue level of KCNK4 was higher in patients that became seizure-free after the surgery. In addition, relative levels of KCNK4 in the cortical and tumor tissue appear to be lowered by the treatment with anti-seizure medication levetiracetam. These results imply that KCNK2 and KCNK4 may be involved in the development of meningioma-related seizures and may represent promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bogdanović
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Opačić
- University of Belgrade - Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Life Sciences Department, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Baščarević
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Savo Raičević
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rosanda Ilić
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujičić
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- University of Belgrade - Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Life Sciences Department, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar J. Ristić
- Center for Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders, Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotića Starijeg 6, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Cioclu MC, Mosca I, Ambrosino P, Puzo D, Bayat A, Wortmann SB, Koch J, Strehlow V, Shirai K, Matsumoto N, Sanders SJ, Michaud V, Legendre M, Riva A, Striano P, Muhle H, Pendziwiat M, Lesca G, Mangano GD, Nardello R, Lemke JR, Møller RS, Soldovieri MV, Rubboli G, Taglialatela M. KCNT2-Related Disorders: Phenotypes, Functional, and Pharmacological Properties. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:332-349. [PMID: 37062836 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathogenic variants in KCNT2 are rare causes of developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). We herein describe the phenotypic and genetic features of patients with KCNT2-related DEE, and the in vitro functional and pharmacological properties of KCNT2 channels carrying 14 novel or previously untested variants. METHODS Twenty-five patients harboring KCNT2 variants were investigated: 12 were identified through an international collaborative network, 13 were retrieved from the literature. Clinical data were collected and included in a standardized phenotyping sheet. Novel variants were detected using exome sequencing and classified using ACMG criteria. Functional and pharmacological studies were performed by whole-cell electrophysiology in HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cells. RESULTS The phenotypic spectrum encompassed: (a) intellectual disability/developmental delay (21/22 individuals with available information), ranging from mild to severe/profound; (b) epilepsy (15/25); (c) neurological impairment, with altered muscle tone (14/22); (d) dysmorphisms (13/20). Nineteen pathogenic KCNT2 variants were found (9 new, 10 reported previously): 16 missense, 1 in-frame deletion of a single amino acid, 1 nonsense, and 1 frameshift. Among tested variants, 8 showed gain-of-function (GoF), and 6 loss-of-function (LoF) features when expressed heterologously in vitro. Quinidine and fluoxetine blocked all GoF variants, whereas loxapine and riluzole activated some LoF variants while blocking others. INTERPRETATION We expanded the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of KCNT2-related disorders, highlighting novel genotype-phenotype associations. Pathogenic KCNT2 variants cause GoF or LoF in vitro phenotypes, and each shows a unique pharmacological profile, suggesting the need for in vitro functional and pharmacological investigation to enable targeted therapies based on the molecular phenotype. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:332-349.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Cioclu
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine (member of ERN EpiCARE), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mosca
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Ambrosino
- Dept. of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Deborah Puzo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine (member of ERN EpiCARE), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Koch
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vincent Strehlow
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kentaro Shirai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndrome Malformatifs, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Maladies rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Legendre
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndrome Malformatifs, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonella Riva
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (PNMG), UCBL, CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Lyon and Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Lyon, France
| | - Giuseppe Donato Mangano
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Nardello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine (member of ERN EpiCARE), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Virginia Soldovieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine (member of ERN EpiCARE), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Bouzroud W, Tazzite A, Boussakri I, Gazzaz B, Dehbi H. A novel SCN8A variant of unknown significance in pediatric epilepsy: a case report. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231187931. [PMID: 37498161 PMCID: PMC10387795 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231187931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in SCN8A are associated with several diseases, including developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, intermediate epilepsy or mild-to-moderate developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, self-limited familial infantile epilepsy, neurodevelopmental delays with generalized epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorder without epilepsy, hypotonia, and movement disorders. Herein, we report an 8-year-old Moroccan boy with intermediate epilepsy of unknown origin, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and hyperactivity. The patient presented a normal 46, XY karyotype and a normal comparative genomic hybridization profile. Whole-exome sequencing was performed, and heterozygous variants were identified in KCNK4 and SCN8A. The SCN8A variant [c.4499C > T (p.Pro1500Leu)] was also detected in the healthy mother and was classified as a variant of uncertain clinical significance. This variant occurs in a highly conserved domain, which may affect the function of the encoded protein. More studies are needed to confirm the pathogenicity of this novel variant to establish the effective care, management, and genetic counselling of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Bouzroud
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amal Tazzite
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ikhlass Boussakri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchaïb Gazzaz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Genetics Analysis Institute, Royal Gendarmerie, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Dehbi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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17
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Pio-Lopez L, Levin M. Morphoceuticals: perspectives for discovery of drugs targeting anatomical control mechanisms in regenerative medicine, cancer and aging. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103585. [PMID: 37059328 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Morphoceuticals are a new class of interventions that target the setpoints of anatomical homeostasis for efficient, modular control of growth and form. Here, we focus on a subclass: electroceuticals, which specifically target the cellular bioelectrical interface. Cellular collectives in all tissues form bioelectrical networks via ion channels and gap junctions that process morphogenetic information, controlling gene expression and allowing cell networks to adaptively and dynamically control growth and pattern formation. Recent progress in understanding this physiological control system, including predictive computational models, suggests that targeting bioelectrical interfaces can control embryogenesis and maintain shape against injury, senescence and tumorigenesis. We propose a roadmap for drug discovery focused on manipulating endogenous bioelectric signaling for regenerative medicine, cancer suppression and antiaging therapeutics. Teaser: By taking advantage of the native problem-solving competencies of cells and tissues, a new kind of top-down approach to biomedicine becomes possible. Bioelectricity offers an especially tractable interface for interventions targeting the software of life for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pio-Lopez
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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18
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Salzano E, Niceta M, Pizzi S, Radio FC, Busè M, Mercadante F, Barresi S, Ferrara A, Mancini C, Tartaglia M, Piccione M. Case report: Novel compound heterozygosity for pathogenic variants in MED23 in a syndromic patient with postnatal microcephaly. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1090082. [PMID: 36824420 PMCID: PMC9941528 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1090082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic loss-of-function variants in MED23 cause a recessive syndromic intellectual disability condition with or without epilepsy (MRT18). Due to the small number of reported individuals, the clinical phenotype of the disorder has not been fully delineated yet, and the spectrum and frequency of neurologic features have not been fully characterized. Here, we report a 5-year-old girl with compound heterozygous for two additional MED23 variants. Besides global developmental delay, axial hypotonia and peripheral increased muscular tone, absent speech, and generalized tonic seizures, which fit well MRT18, the occurrence of postnatal progressive microcephaly has been here documented. A retrospective assessment of the previously reported clinical data for these subjects confirms the occurrence of postnatal progressive microcephaly as a previously unappreciated feature of the phenotype of MED23-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Salzano
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospitals, Palermo, Italy,*Correspondence: Emanuela Salzano ✉
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martina Busè
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospitals, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Ferrara
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospitals, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Piccione
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospitals, Palermo, Italy,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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19
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Nam YW, Downey M, Rahman MA, Cui M, Zhang M. Channelopathy of small- and intermediate-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channels. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:259-267. [PMID: 35715699 PMCID: PMC9889811 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa2.x/KCa3.1 also called SK/IK) channels are gated exclusively by intracellular Ca2+. The Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin confers sub-micromolar Ca2+ sensitivity to the channel-calmodulin complex. The calmodulin C-lobe is constitutively associated with the proximal C-terminus of the channel. Interactions between calmodulin N-lobe and the channel S4-S5 linker are Ca2+-dependent, which subsequently trigger conformational changes in the channel pore and open the gate. KCNN genes encode four subtypes, including KCNN1 for KCa2.1 (SK1), KCNN2 for KCa2.2 (SK2), KCNN3 for KCa2.3 (SK3), and KCNN4 for KCa3.1 (IK). The three KCa2.x channel subtypes are expressed in the central nervous system and the heart. The KCa3.1 subtype is expressed in the erythrocytes and the lymphocytes, among other peripheral tissues. The impact of dysfunctional KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channels on human health has not been well documented. Human loss-of-function KCa2.2 mutations have been linked with neurodevelopmental disorders. Human gain-of-function mutations that increase the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of KCa2.3 and KCa3.1 channels have been associated with Zimmermann-Laband syndrome and hereditary xerocytosis, respectively. This review article discusses the physiological significance of KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channels, the pathophysiology of the diseases linked with KCa2.x/KCa3.1 mutations, the structure-function relationship of the mutant KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channels, and potential pharmacological therapeutics for the KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woo Nam
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Myles Downey
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Mohammad Asikur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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20
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Sorum B, Docter T, Panico V, Rietmeijer RA, Brohawn SG. Pressure and ultrasound activate mechanosensitive TRAAK K + channels through increased membrane tension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523644. [PMID: 36712118 PMCID: PMC9882092 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TRAAK is a mechanosensitive two-pore domain K + (K2P) channel found in nodes of Ranvier within myelinated axons. It displays low leak activity at rest and is activated up to one hundred-fold by increased membrane tension. Structural and functional studies have led to physical models for channel gating and mechanosensitivity, but no quantitative analysis of channel activation by tension has been reported. Here, we use simultaneous patch-clamp recording and fluorescent imaging to determine the tension response characteristics of TRAAK. TRAAK shows high sensitivity and a broad response to tension spanning nearly the entire physiologically relevant tension range. This graded response profile distinguishes TRAAK from similarly low-threshold mechanosensitive channels Piezo1 and MscS, which activate in a step-like fashion over a narrow tension range. We further use patch imaging to show that ultrasonic activation of TRAAK and MscS is due to increased membrane tension. Together, these results provide mechanistic insight into TRAAK tension gating, a framework for exploring the role of mechanosensitive K + channels at nodes of Ranvier, and biophysical context for developing ultrasound as a mechanical stimulation technique for neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sorum
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Trevor Docter
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vincent Panico
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert A. Rietmeijer
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephen G. Brohawn
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Correspondence:
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21
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Yan HJ, He YY, Jin L, Guo Q, Zhou JH, Luo S. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of KCNK4: From syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder to rolandic epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1081097. [PMID: 36683851 PMCID: PMC9851069 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1081097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The KCNK4 gene, predominantly distributed in neurons, plays an essential role in controlling the resting membrane potential and regulating cellular excitability. Previously, only two variants were identified to be associated with human disease, facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, epilepsy, intellectual/developmental delay, and gingival overgrowth (FHEIG) syndrome. In this study, we performed trio-based whole exon sequencing (WES) in a cohort of patients with epilepsy. Two de novo likely pathogenic variants were identified in two unrelated cases with heterogeneous phenotypes, including one with Rolandic epilepsy and one with the FHEIG syndrome. The two variants were predicted to be damaged by the majority of in silico algorithms. These variants showed no allele frequencies in controls and presented statistically higher frequencies in the case cohort than that in controls. The FHEIG syndrome-related variants were all located in the region with vital functions in stabilizing the conductive conformation, while the Rolandic epilepsy-related variant was distributed in the area with less impact on the conductive conformation. This study expanded the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of KCNK4. Phenotypic variations of KCNK4 are potentially associated with the molecular sub-regional effects. Carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine and valproate may be effective antiepileptic drugs for patients with KCNK4 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Yan
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Hong-Jun Yan,
| | - Yun-yan He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Neurology, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhou
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Sheng Luo,
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22
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McClenaghan C, Nichols CG. Kir6.1 and SUR2B in Cantú syndrome. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C920-C935. [PMID: 35876283 PMCID: PMC9467476 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00154.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Kir6.1 and SUR2 are subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels expressed in a wide range of tissues. Extensive study has implicated roles of these channel subunits in diverse physiological functions. Together they generate the predominant KATP conductance in vascular smooth muscle and are the target of vasodilatory drugs. Roles for Kir6.1/SUR2 dysfunction in disease have been suggested based on studies of animal models and human genetic discoveries. In recent years, it has become clear that gain-of-function (GoF) mutations in both genes result in Cantú syndrome (CS)-a complex, multisystem disorder. There is currently no targeted therapy for CS, but studies of mouse models of the disease reveal that pharmacological reversibility of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal pathologies can be achieved by administration of the KATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide. Here we review the function, structure, and physiological and pathological roles of Kir6.1/SUR2B channels, with a focus on CS. Recent studies have led to much improved understanding of the underlying pathologies and the potential for treatment, but important questions remain: Can the study of genetically defined CS reveal new insights into Kir6.1/SUR2 function? Do these reveal new pathophysiological mechanisms that may be important in more common diseases? And is our pharmacological armory adequately stocked?
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor McClenaghan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED), Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED), Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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23
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Bauer CK, Holling T, Horn D, Laço MN, Abdalla E, Omar OM, Alawi M, Kutsche K. Clinically Relevant KCNQ1 Variants Causing KCNQ1-KCNE2 Gain-of-Function Affect the Ca2+ Sensitivity of the Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179690. [PMID: 36077086 PMCID: PMC9456291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant KCNQ1 variants are well-known for underlying cardiac arrhythmia syndromes. The two heterozygous KCNQ1 missense variants, R116L and P369L, cause an allelic disorder characterized by pituitary hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis. Increased K+ conductance upon co-expression of KCNQ1 mutant channels with the beta subunit KCNE2 is suggested to underlie the phenotype; however, the reason for KCNQ1-KCNE2 (Q1E2) channel gain-of-function is unknown. We aimed to discover the genetic defect in a single individual and three family members with gingival overgrowth and identified the KCNQ1 variants P369L and V185M, respectively. Patch-clamp experiments demonstrated increased constitutive K+ conductance of V185M-Q1E2 channels, confirming the pathogenicity of the novel variant. To gain insight into the pathomechanism, we examined all three disease-causing KCNQ1 mutants. Manipulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration prior to and during whole-cell recordings identified an impaired Ca2+ sensitivity of the mutant KCNQ1 channels. With low Ca2+, wild-type KCNQ1 currents were efficiently reduced and exhibited a pre-pulse-dependent cross-over of current traces and a high-voltage-activated component. These features were absent in mutant KCNQ1 channels and in wild-type channels co-expressed with calmodulin and exposed to high intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, co-expression of calmodulin with wild-type Q1E2 channels and loading the cells with high Ca2+ drastically increased Q1E2 current amplitudes, suggesting that KCNE2 normally limits the resting Q1E2 conductance by an increased demand for calcified calmodulin to achieve effective channel opening. Our data link impaired Ca2+ sensitivity of the KCNQ1 mutants R116L, V185M and P369L to Q1E2 gain-of-function that is associated with a particular KCNQ1 channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane K. Bauer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Tess Holling
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Department of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mário Nôro Laço
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ebtesam Abdalla
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5422031, Egypt
- Genetics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo 4460015, Egypt
| | - Omneya Magdy Omar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5422031, Egypt
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Napoli G, Panzironi N, Traversa A, Catalanotto C, Pace V, Petrizzelli F, Giovannetti A, Lazzari S, Cogoni C, Tartaglia M, Carella M, Mazza T, Pizzuti A, Parisi C, Caputo V. Potassium Channel KCNH1 Activating Variants Cause Altered Functional and Morphological Ciliogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4825-4838. [PMID: 35639255 PMCID: PMC9363390 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a non-motile sensory organelle that extends from the surface of most vertebrate cells and transduces signals regulating proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Primary cilia dysfunctions have been observed in cancer and in a group of heterogeneous disorders called ciliopathies, characterized by renal and liver cysts, skeleton and limb abnormalities, retinal degeneration, intellectual disability, ataxia, and heart disease and, recently, in autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. The potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1 (KCNH1) gene encodes a member of the EAG (ether-à-go-go) family, which controls potassium flux regulating resting membrane potential in both excitable and non-excitable cells and is involved in intracellular signaling, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. KCNH1 missense variants have been associated with syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders, including Zimmermann-Laband syndrome 1 (ZLS1, MIM #135500), Temple-Baraitser syndrome (TMBTS, MIM #611816), and, recently, with milder phenotypes as epilepsy. In this work, we provide evidence that KCNH1 localizes at the base of the cilium in pre-ciliary vesicles and ciliary pocket of human dermal fibroblasts and retinal pigment epithelial (hTERT RPE1) cells and that the pathogenic missense variants (L352V and R330Q; NP_002229.1) perturb cilia morphology, assembly/disassembly, and Sonic Hedgehog signaling, disclosing a multifaceted role of the protein. The study of KCNH1 localization, its functions related to primary cilia, and the alterations introduced by mutations in ciliogenesis, cell cycle coordination, cilium morphology, and cilia signaling pathways could help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological phenotypes and neurodevelopmental disorders not considered as classical ciliopathies but for which a significant role of primary cilia is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Napoli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR-National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Panzironi
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alice Traversa
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | | | - Valentina Pace
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrizzelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Agnese Giovannetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Sara Lazzari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cogoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Parisi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR-National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Priolo M, Mancini C, Pizzi S, Chiriatti L, Radio FC, Cordeddu V, Pintomalli L, Mammì C, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M. Complex Presentation of Hao-Fountain Syndrome Solved by Exome Sequencing Highlighting Co-Occurring Genomic Variants. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050889. [PMID: 35627274 PMCID: PMC9141324 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The co-occurrence of pathogenic variants has emerged as a relatively common finding underlying complex phenotypes. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to solve an unclassified multisystem clinical presentation. Patients and Methods: A 20-year-old woman affected by moderate intellectual disability (ID), dysmorphic features, hypertrichosis, scoliosis, recurrent bronchitis, and pneumonia with bronchiectasis, colelithiasis, chronic severe constipation, and a family history suggestive of autosomal dominant recurrence of polycystic kidney disease was analyzed by WES to identify the genomic events underlying the condition. Results: Four co-occurring genomic events fully explaining the proband’s clinical features were identified. A de novo truncating USP7 variant was disclosed as the cause of Hao–Fountain syndrome, a disorder characterized by syndromic ID and distinctive behavior. Compound heterozygosity for a major cystic fibrosis-causing variant and the modulator allele, IVS8-5T, in CFTR explained the recurrent upper and lower respiratory way infections, bronchiectasis, cholelithiasis, and chronic constipation. Finally, a truncating PKD2 variant co-segregating with polycystic kidney disease in the family allowed presymptomatic disease diagnosis. Conclusions: The co-occurring variants in USP7 and CFTR variants explained the multisystem disorder of the patient. The comprehensive dissection of the phenotype and early diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease allowed us to manage the CFTR-related disorder symptoms and monitor renal function and other complications associated with PKD2 haploinsufficiency, addressing proper care and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Priolo
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (L.C.); (L.P.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-6539-7319
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (S.P.); (F.C.R.); (B.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (S.P.); (F.C.R.); (B.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Luigi Chiriatti
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (L.C.); (L.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (S.P.); (F.C.R.); (B.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Viviana Cordeddu
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Letizia Pintomalli
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (L.C.); (L.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Corrado Mammì
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (L.C.); (L.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (S.P.); (F.C.R.); (B.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (S.P.); (F.C.R.); (B.D.); (M.T.)
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26
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Zhu Y, Schrecke S, Tang S, Odenkirk MT, Walker T, Stover L, Lyu J, Zhang T, Russell D, Baker ES, Yan X, Laganowsky A. Cupric Ions Selectively Modulate TRAAK-Phosphatidylserine Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7048-7053. [PMID: 35421309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TRAAK and TREK2 are two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels and are modulated by diverse factors including temperature, membrane stretching, and lipids, such as phosphatidic acid. In addition, copper and zinc, both of which are essential for life, are known to regulate TREK2 and a number of other ion channels. However, the role of ions in the association of lipids with integral membrane proteins is poorly understood. Here, we discover cupric ions selectively modulate the binding of phosphatidylserine (PS) to TRAAK but not TREK2. Other divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+) bind both channels but have no impact on binding PS and other lipids. Additionally, TRAAK binds more avidly to Cu2+ and Zn2+ than TREK2. In the presence of Cu2+, TRAAK binds similarly to PS with different acyl chains, indicating a crucial role of the serine headgroup in coordinating Cu2+. High-resolution native mass spectrometry (MS) enables the determination of equilibrium binding constants for distinct Cu2+-bound stoichiometries and uncovered the highest coupling factor corresponds to a 1:1 PS-to-Cu2+ ratio. Interestingly, the next three highest coupling factors had a ∼1.5:1 PS-to-Cu2+ ratio. Our findings bring forth the role of cupric ions as an essential cofactor in selective TRAAK-PS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Samantha Schrecke
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shuli Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Melanie T Odenkirk
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Thomas Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Lauren Stover
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jixing Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Abstract
Non-plaque induced diffuse gingival overgrowth represents a broad class of conditions caused by several etiological factors. The aim of this review is to highlight the most recent updates and classifications of all the existent gingival overgrowths. In addition, we highlighted the diagnostic pathway that should be employed in patients affected by gingival overgrowth. Gingival overgrowth can be related to syndromic diseases including a wide spectrum of genetic and chromosomal alterations. However, thanks to scientific sharing and the availability of genetic panels it is possible to obtain an accurate phenotypic identification of well-known syndromes and also to identify new ones. This narrative review shows that through rigid, strict diagnostic protocols, the work of the clinician is greatly facilitated, despite the wide variety of pathologies considered. In conclusion, the exchange of specialists’ competencies and the multidisciplinary management of these patients, are crucial to reach diagnosis and the correct clinical-therapeutic management.
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28
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Fasham J, Lin S, Ghosh P, Radio FC, Farrow EG, Thiffault I, Kussman J, Zhou D, Hemming R, Zahka K, Chioza BA, Rawlins LE, Wenger OK, Gunning AC, Pizzi S, Onesimo R, Zampino G, Barker E, Osawa N, Rodriguez MC, Neuhann TM, Zackai EH, Keena B, Capasso J, Levin AV, Bhoj E, Li D, Hakonarson H, Wentzensen IM, Jackson A, Chandler KE, Coban-Akdemir ZH, Posey JE, Banka S, Lupski JR, Sheppard SE, Tartaglia M, Triggs-Raine B, Crosby AH, Baple EL. Elucidating the clinical spectrum and molecular basis of HYAL2 deficiency. Genet Med 2022; 24:631-644. [PMID: 34906488 PMCID: PMC9933146 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously defined biallelic HYAL2 variants causing a novel disorder in 2 families, involving orofacial clefting, facial dysmorphism, congenital heart disease, and ocular abnormalities, with Hyal2 knockout mice displaying similar phenotypes. In this study, we better define the phenotype and pathologic disease mechanism. METHODS Clinical and genomic investigations were undertaken alongside molecular studies, including immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses of variant/wild-type human HYAL2 expressed in mouse fibroblasts, and in silico modeling of putative pathogenic variants. RESULTS Ten newly identified individuals with this condition were investigated, and they were associated with 9 novel pathogenic variants. Clinical studies defined genotype-phenotype correlations and confirmed a recognizable craniofacial phenotype in addition to myopia, cleft lip/palate, and congenital cardiac anomalies as the most consistent manifestations of the condition. In silico modeling of missense variants identified likely deleterious effects on protein folding. Consistent with this, functional studies indicated that these variants cause protein instability and a concomitant cell surface absence of HYAL2 protein. CONCLUSION These studies confirm an association between HYAL2 alterations and syndromic cleft lip/palate, provide experimental evidence for the pathogenicity of missense alleles, enable further insights into the pathomolecular basis of the disease, and delineate the core and variable clinical outcomes of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fasham
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Siying Lin
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Promita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily G Farrow
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Jennifer Kussman
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Rick Hemming
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kenneth Zahka
- Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Barry A Chioza
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lettie E Rawlins
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia K Wenger
- New Leaf Center, Clinic for Special Children, Mount Eaton, OH
| | - Adam C Gunning
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Disease and Congenital Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (Gemelli University Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Disease and Congenital Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (Gemelli University Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily Barker
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Natasha Osawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Megan Christine Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Beth Keena
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jenina Capasso
- Golisano Children's Hospital and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Alex V Levin
- Golisano Children's Hospital and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dong Li
- Golisano Children's Hospital and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah E Sheppard
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma L Baple
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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29
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Schwarz M, Ryba L, Křepelová A, Moslerová V, Zelinová M, Turnovec M, Martinková J, Kratochvílová L, Drahanský M, Macek M, Havlovicová M. Zimmermann-Laband syndrome in monozygotic twins with a mild neurobehavioral phenotype lacking gingival overgrowth-A case report of a novel KCNN3 gene variant. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:1083-1087. [PMID: 34907639 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zimmermann-Laband syndrome is a rare, heterogeneous disorder characterized by gingival hypertrophy or fibromatosis, aplastic/hypoplastic nails, hypoplasia of the distal phalanges, hypertrichosis, various degrees of intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features. Three genes are considered causative for ZLS: KCNH1, KCNN3, and ATP6V1B2. We report on a pair of female concordant monozygotic twins, both carrying a novel pathogenic variant in the KCNN3 gene, identified using exome sequencing. Only six ZLS patients with the KCNN3 pathogenic variant have been reported so far. The twins show facial dysmorphism, hypoplastic distal phalanges, aplasia or hypoplasia of nails, and hypertrichosis. During infancy, they showed mild developmental delays, mainly speech. They successfully completed secondary school education and are socio-economically independent. Gingival overgrowth is absent in both individuals. Our patients exhibited an unusually mild phenotype compared to published cases, which is an important diagnostic finding for proper genetic counseling for Zimmermann-Laband syndrome patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwarz
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Ryba
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Křepelová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Moslerová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Zelinová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Turnovec
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Júlia Martinková
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kratochvílová
- Department of Stomatology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Drahanský
- Department of Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Havlovicová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Glogowska E, Arhatte M, Chatelain FC, Lesage F, Xu A, Grashoff C, Discher DE, Patel A, Honoré E. Piezo1 and Piezo2 foster mechanical gating of K 2P channels. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110070. [PMID: 34852225 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical transduction is mediated by the opening of different types of force-sensitive ion channels, including Piezo1/2 and the TREK/TRAAK K2P channels. Piezo1 curves the membrane locally into an inverted dome that reversibly flattens in response to force application. Moreover, Piezo1 forms numerous preferential interactions with various membrane lipids, including cholesterol. Whether this structural architecture influences the functionality of neighboring membrane proteins is unknown. Here, we show that Piezo1/2 increase TREK/TRAAK current amplitude, slow down activation/deactivation, and remove inactivation upon mechanical stimulation. These findings are consistent with a mechanism whereby Piezo1/2 cause a local depletion of membrane cholesterol associated with a prestress of TREK/TRAAK channels. This regulation occurs in mouse fibroblasts between endogenous Piezo1 and TREK-1/2, both channel types acting in concert to delay wound healing. In conclusion, we demonstrate a community effect between different structural and functional classes of mechanosensitive ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Glogowska
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Malika Arhatte
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Franck C Chatelain
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Florian Lesage
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carsten Grashoff
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Laboratories, Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Patel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Honoré
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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31
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Rietmeijer RA, Sorum B, Li B, Brohawn SG. Physical basis for distinct basal and mechanically gated activity of the human K + channel TRAAK. Neuron 2021; 109:2902-2913.e4. [PMID: 34390650 PMCID: PMC8448962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TRAAK is a mechanosensitive two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channel localized to nodes of Ranvier in myelinated neurons. TRAAK deletion in mice results in mechanical and thermal allodynia, and gain-of-function mutations cause the human neurodevelopmental disorder FHEIG. TRAAK displays basal and stimulus-gated activities typical of K2Ps, but the mechanistic and structural differences between these modes are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that basal and mechanically gated openings are distinguished by their conductance, kinetics, and structure. Basal openings are low conductance, short duration, and due to a conductive channel conformation with the interior cavity exposed to the surrounding membrane. Mechanically gated openings are high conductance, long duration, and due to a channel conformation in which the interior cavity is sealed to the surrounding membrane. Our results explain how dual modes of activity are produced by a single ion channel and provide a basis for the development of state-selective pharmacology with the potential to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Rietmeijer
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ben Sorum
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Baobin Li
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephen G Brohawn
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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32
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A Rare Case of Brachyolmia with Amelogenesis Imperfecta Caused by a New Pathogenic Splicing Variant in LTBP3. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091406. [PMID: 34573388 PMCID: PMC8470690 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a rare form of autosomal recessive brachyolmia associated with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) has been described as a novel nosologic entity. This disorder is characterized by skeletal dysplasia (e.g., platyspondyly, short trunk, scoliosis, broad ilia, elongated femoral necks with coxa valga) and severe enamel and dental anomalies. Pathogenic variants in the latent transforming growth factor-β binding protein 3 (LTBP3) gene have been found implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder. So far, biallelic pathogenic LTBP3 variants have been identified in less than 10 families. We here report a young boy born from consanguineous parents with a complex phenotype including skeletal dysplasia associated with aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypodontia and amelogenesis imperfecta caused by a previously unreported homozygous LTBP3 splice site variant. We also compare the genotypes and phenotypes of patients reported to date. This work provides further evidence that brachyolmia with amelogenesis imperfecta is a distinct nosologic entity and that variations in LTBP3 are involved in its pathogenesis.
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33
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Kanda H, Tonomura S, Gu JG. Effects of Cooling Temperatures via Thermal K2P Channels on Regeneration of High-Frequency Action Potentials at Nodes of Ranvier of Rat Aβ-Afferent Nerves. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0308-21.2021. [PMID: 34462308 PMCID: PMC8445039 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0308-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive two-pore domain potassium channels (thermal K2P) are recently shown to cluster at nodes of Ranvier (NRs) and play a key role in action potential (AP) regeneration and conduction on Aβ-afferent nerves. Cooling temperatures affect AP regeneration and conduction on Aβ-afferent nerves but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we have performed patch-clamp recordings directly at the NR in an ex vivo trigeminal nerve preparation. We have characterized the effects of cooling temperatures on intrinsic electrophysiological properties and AP regeneration at the NR on rat Aβ-afferent nerves, and determined whether and how thermal K2P channels may be involved in the effects of cooling temperatures. We show that cooling temperatures from 35°C to 15°C decrease outward leak currents, increase input resistance, depolarize resting membrane potential (RMP), broaden AP width and increase latency of AP threshold at the NR. We further demonstrate that cooling temperatures impair regeneration of high-frequency AP trains at the NR. The effects of cooling temperatures on the intrinsic electrophysiological properties and regeneration of high-frequency AP trains at the NR can be partially reversed by BL-1249 (BL), arachidonic acid (AA), and intra-axonal protons, three thermal K2P activators, indicating the involvement of thermal K2P channels. Moreover, we show that at cooling temperatures there are interplays among thermal K2P channels, RMPs, and voltage-gated Na+ channels, which together limit regeneration of high-frequency AP trains at the NR. Our findings demonstrate a new role of thermal K2P channels in temperature-dependent conduction of high-frequency sensory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosato Kanda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
| | - Sotatsu Tonomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jianguo G Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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34
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Contribution of Neuronal and Glial Two-Pore-Domain Potassium Channels in Health and Neurological Disorders. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8643129. [PMID: 34434230 PMCID: PMC8380499 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8643129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels are widespread in the nervous system and play a critical role in maintaining membrane potential in neurons and glia. They have been implicated in many stress-relevant neurological disorders, including pain, sleep disorder, epilepsy, ischemia, and depression. K2P channels give rise to leaky K+ currents, which stabilize cellular membrane potential and regulate cellular excitability. A range of natural and chemical effectors, including temperature, pressure, pH, phospholipids, and intracellular signaling molecules, substantially modulate the activity of K2P channels. In this review, we summarize the contribution of K2P channels to neuronal excitability and to potassium homeostasis in glia. We describe recently discovered functions of K2P channels in glia, such as astrocytic passive conductance and glutamate release, microglial surveillance, and myelin generation by oligodendrocytes. We also discuss the potential role of glial K2P channels in neurological disorders. In the end, we discuss current limitations in K2P channel researches and suggest directions for future studies.
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35
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Schwarz JR. Function of K2P channels in the mammalian node of Ranvier. J Physiol 2021; 599:4427-4439. [PMID: 34425634 DOI: 10.1113/jp281723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In myelinated nerve fibres, action potentials are generated at nodes of Ranvier. These structures are located at interruptions of the myelin sheath, forming narrow gaps with small rings of axolemma freely exposed to the extracellular space. The mammalian node contains a high density of Na+ channels and K+ -selective leakage channels. Voltage-dependent Kv1 channels are only present in the juxta-paranode. Recently, the leakage channels have been identified as K2P channels (TRAAK, TREK-1). K2P channels are K+ -selective 'background' channels, characterized by outward rectification and their ability to be activated, e.g. by temperature, mechanical stretch or arachidonic acid. We are only beginning to elucidate the peculiar functions of nodal K2P channels. I will discuss two functions of the nodal K2P-mediated conductance. First, at body temperature K2P channels have a high open probability, thereby inducing a resting potential of about -85 mV. This negative resting potential reduces steady-state Na+ channel inactivation and ensures a large Na+ inward current upon a depolarizing stimulus. Second, the K2P conductance is involved in nodal action potential repolarization. The identification of nodal K2P channels is exciting since it shows that the nodal K+ conductance is not a fixed value but can be changed: it can be increased or decreased by a broad range of K2P modulators, thereby modulating, for example, the resting potential. The functional importance of nodal K2P channels will be exemplified by describing in more detail the function of the K2P conductance increase by raising the temperature from room temperature to 37°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen R Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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36
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Lengyel M, Enyedi P, Czirják G. Negative Influence by the Force: Mechanically Induced Hyperpolarization via K 2P Background Potassium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169062. [PMID: 34445768 PMCID: PMC8396510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-pore domain K2P subunits form background (leak) potassium channels, which are characterized by constitutive, although not necessarily constant activity, at all membrane potential values. Among the fifteen pore-forming K2P subunits encoded by the KCNK genes, the three members of the TREK subfamily, TREK-1, TREK-2, and TRAAK are mechanosensitive ion channels. Mechanically induced opening of these channels generally results in outward K+ current under physiological conditions, with consequent hyperpolarization and inhibition of membrane potential-dependent cellular functions. In the past decade, great advances have been made in the investigation of the molecular determinants of mechanosensation, and members of the TREK subfamily have emerged among the best-understood examples of mammalian ion channels directly influenced by the tension of the phospholipid bilayer. In parallel, the crucial contribution of mechano-gated TREK channels to the regulation of membrane potential in several cell types has been reported. In this review, we summarize the general principles underlying the mechanical activation of K2P channels, and focus on the physiological roles of mechanically induced hyperpolarization.
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Contrò G, Micalizzi A, Giangiobbe S, Caraffi SG, Zuntini R, Rosato S, Pollazzon M, Terracciano A, Napoli M, Rizzi S, Salerno GG, Radio FC, Niceta M, Parrini E, Fusco C, Gargano G, Guerrini R, Tartaglia M, Novelli A, Zuffardi O, Garavelli L. Posterior Lissencephaly Associated with Subcortical Band Heterotopia Due to a Variation in the CEP85L Gene: A Case Report and Refining of the Phenotypic Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081208. [PMID: 34440382 PMCID: PMC8391275 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lissencephaly describes a group of conditions characterized by the absence of normal cerebral convolutions and abnormalities of cortical development. To date, at least 20 genes have been identified as involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. Variants in CEP85L, encoding a protein involved in the regulation of neuronal migration, have been recently described as causative of lissencephaly with a posterior-prevalent involvement of the cerebral cortex and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Here, we describe a 3-year-old boy with slightly delayed psychomotor development and mild dysmorphic features, including bitemporal narrowing, protruding ears with up-lifted lobes and posterior plagiocephaly. Brain MRI at birth identified type 1 lissencephaly, prevalently in the temporo–occipito–parietal regions of both hemispheres with “double-cortex” (Dobyns’ 1–2 degree) periventricular band alterations. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a previously unreported de novo pathogenic variant in the CEP85L gene (NM_001042475.3:c.232+1del). Only 20 patients have been reported as carriers of pathogenic CEP85L variants to date. They show lissencephaly with prevalent posterior involvement, variable cognitive deficits and epilepsy. The present case report indicates the clinical variability associated with CEP85L variants that are not invariantly associated with severe phenotypes and poor outcome, and underscores the importance of including this gene in diagnostic panels for lissencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Contrò
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.C.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (S.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Sara Giangiobbe
- Clinical Genomics, Medical Genetics Service, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.C.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (S.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Roberta Zuntini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.C.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (S.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Simonetta Rosato
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.C.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (S.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.C.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (S.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandra Terracciano
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Manuela Napoli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Susanna Rizzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.R.); (G.G.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Grazia Gabriella Salerno
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.R.); (G.G.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.R.); (G.G.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Giancarlo Gargano
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.C.); (S.G.C.); (R.Z.); (S.R.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0522-296244 or +39-0522-295463
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Priolo M, Radio FC, Pizzi S, Pintomalli L, Pantaleoni F, Mancini C, Cordeddu V, Africa E, Mammì C, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M. Co-Occurring Heterozygous CNOT3 and SMAD6 Truncating Variants: Unusual Presentation and Refinement of the IDDSADF Phenotype. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071009. [PMID: 34208845 PMCID: PMC8303239 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective, the application of genomic sequencing in clinical practice has allowed us to appreciate the contribution of co-occurring pathogenic variants to complex and unclassified clinical phenotypes. Besides the clinical relevance, these findings have provided evidence of previously unrecognized functional links between genes in the context of developmental processes and physiology. Patients and Methods, a 5-year-old patient showing an unclassified phenotype characterized by developmental delay, speech delay, peculiar behavioral features, facial dysmorphism and severe cardiopathy was analyzed by trio-based whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis to identify the genomic events underlying the condition. Results, two co-occurring heterozygous truncating variants in CNOT3 and SMAD6 were identified. Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in CNOT3, encoding a subunit of the CCR4-NOT protein complex, have recently been reported to cause a syndromic condition known as intellectual developmental disorder with speech delay, autism and dysmorphic facies (IDDSADF). Enrichment of rare/private variants in the SMAD6 gene, encoding a protein negatively controlling transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein (TGFB/BMP) signaling, has been described in association with a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects. We dissected the contribution of individual variants to the complex clinical manifestations and profiled a previously unappreciated set of facial features and signs characterizing IDDSADF. Conclusions, two concomitant truncating variants in CNOT3 and SMAD6 are the cause of the combination of features documented in the patient resulting in the unique multisystem neurodevelopmental condition. These findings provide evidence for a functional link between the CCR4-NOT complex and TGFB/BMP signaling in processes controlling cardiac development. Finally, the present revision provides evidence that IDDSADF is characterized by a distinctive facial gestalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Priolo
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (L.P.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (M.T.); Tel.: +39-0965397319 (M.P.); +39-0668593742 (M.T.)
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Letizia Pintomalli
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (L.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Viviana Cordeddu
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emilio Africa
- UOC di Neuroradiologia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Corrado Mammì
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (L.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (C.M.); (B.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (M.T.); Tel.: +39-0965397319 (M.P.); +39-0668593742 (M.T.)
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Leoni C, Tedesco M, Radio FC, Chillemi G, Leone A, Bruselles A, Ciolfi A, Stellacci E, Pantaleoni F, Butera G, Rigante D, Onesimo R, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of Beta3GalT6-associated phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3153-3160. [PMID: 34159694 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in B3GALT6, coding for a galactosyltransferase involved in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), have been associated with various clinical conditions, causing spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1 (SEMDJL1 or SEMDJL Beighton type), Al-Gazali syndrome (ALGAZ), and a severe progeroid form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDSSPD2). In the 2017 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) classification, Beta3GalT6-related disorders were grouped in the spondylodysplastic EDSs together with spondylodysplastic EDSs due to B4GALT7 and SLC39A13 mutations. Herein, we describe a patient with a previously unreported homozygous pathogenic B3GALT6 variant resulting in a complex phenotype more severe than spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1, and having dural ectasia and aortic dilation as additionally associated features, further broadening the phenotypic spectrum of the Beta3GalT6-related syndromes. We also document the utility of repeating sequencing in patients with uninformative exomes, particularly when performed by using "first generations" enrichment capture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tedesco
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università Della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.,Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Centro Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Stellacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Butera
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Heart Lung Transplantation, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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40
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Trimarchi G, Caraffi SG, Radio FC, Barresi S, Contrò G, Pizzi S, Maini I, Pollazzon M, Fusco C, Sassi S, Nicoli D, Napoli M, Pascarella R, Gargano G, Zuffardi O, Tartaglia M, Garavelli L. Adducted Thumb and Peripheral Polyneuropathy: Diagnostic Supports in Suspecting White-Sutton Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070950. [PMID: 34206215 PMCID: PMC8303405 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the recently described syndromes emerging from the massive study of cohorts of undiagnosed patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and syndromic intellectual disability (ID) is White–Sutton syndrome (WHSUS) (MIM #616364), caused by variants in the POGZ gene (MIM *614787), located on the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q21.3). So far, more than 50 individuals have been reported worldwide, although phenotypic features and natural history have not been exhaustively characterized yet. The phenotypic spectrum of the WHSUS is broad and includes moderate to severe ID, microcephaly, variable cerebral malformations, short stature, brachydactyly, visual abnormalities, sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, sleep difficulties, autistic features, self-injurious behaviour, feeding difficulties, gastroesophageal reflux, and other less frequent features. Here, we report the case of a girl with microcephaly, brain malformations, developmental delay (DD), peripheral polyneuropathy, and adducted thumb—a remarkable clinical feature in the first years of life—and heterozygous for a previously unreported, de novo splicing variant in POGZ. This report contributes to strengthen and expand the knowledge of the clinical spectrum of WHSUS, pointing out the importance of less frequent clinical signs as diagnostic handles in suspecting this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Trimarchi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.T.); (S.G.C.); (G.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.T.); (S.G.C.); (G.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Gianluca Contrò
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.T.); (S.G.C.); (G.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Ilenia Maini
- Unità Operativa di Psichiatria e Psicologia dell’Infanzia e dell’Adolescenza, DAI-SMDP, AUSL Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.T.); (S.G.C.); (G.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Silvia Sassi
- Rehabilitation Pediatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Davide Nicoli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Manuela Napoli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.N.); (R.P.)
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.N.); (R.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Gargano
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Rehabilitation Pediatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.T.); (S.G.C.); (G.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0522-296244
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41
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Pavinato L, Nematian-Ardestani E, Zonta A, De Rubeis S, Buxbaum J, Mancini C, Bruselles A, Tartaglia M, Pessia M, Tucker SJ, D’Adamo MC, Brusco A. KCNK18 Biallelic Variants Associated with Intellectual Disability and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Alter TRESK Channel Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116064. [PMID: 34199759 PMCID: PMC8200030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The TWIK-related spinal cord potassium channel (TRESK) is encoded by KCNK18, and variants in this gene have previously been associated with susceptibility to familial migraine with aura (MIM #613656). A single amino acid substitution in the same protein, p.Trp101Arg, has also been associated with intellectual disability (ID), opening the possibility that variants in this gene might be involved in different disorders. Here, we report the identification of KCNK18 biallelic missense variants (p.Tyr163Asp and p.Ser252Leu) in a family characterized by three siblings affected by mild-to-moderate ID, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopment-related features. Functional characterization of the variants alone or in combination showed impaired channel activity. Interestingly, Ser252 is an important regulatory site of TRESK, suggesting that alteration of this residue could lead to additive downstream effects. The functional relevance of these mutations and the observed co-segregation in all the affected members of the family expand the clinical variability associated with altered TRESK function and provide further insight into the relationship between altered function of this ion channel and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ehsan Nematian-Ardestani
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta; (E.N.-A.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrea Zonta
- Unit of Medical Genetics, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.D.R.); (J.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.D.R.); (J.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta; (E.N.-A.); (M.P.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stephen J. Tucker
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK;
| | - Maria Cristina D’Adamo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta; (E.N.-A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Unit of Medical Genetics, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.C.D.); (A.B.)
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42
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Abstract
It is well known that electrical signals are deeply associated with living entities. Much of our understanding of excitable tissues is derived from studies of specialized cells of neurons or myocytes. However, electric potential is present in all cell types and results from the differential partitioning of ions across membranes. This electrical potential correlates with cell behavior and tissue organization. In recent years, there has been exciting, and broadly unexpected, evidence linking the regulation of development to bioelectric signals. However, experimental modulation of electrical potential can have multifaceted and pleiotropic effects, which makes dissecting the role of electrical signals in development difficult. Here, I review evidence that bioelectric cues play defined instructional roles in orchestrating development and regeneration, and further outline key areas in which to refine our understanding of this signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue Enders 260, Boston MA 02115, USA
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43
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Chen JT, Lin CH, Huang HW, Wang YP, Kao PC, Yang TP, Wang SK. Novel REST Truncation Mutations Causing Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis. J Dent Res 2021; 100:868-874. [PMID: 33719663 DOI: 10.1177/0022034521996620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic disorder featured by nonsyndromic pathological overgrowth of gingiva. The excessive gingival tissues can cause dental, masticatory, and phonetic problems, which impose severe functional and esthetic burdens on affected individuals. Due to its high recurrent rate, patients with HGF have to undergo repeated surgical procedures of gingival resection, from childhood to adulthood, which significantly compromises their quality of life. Unraveling the genetic etiology and molecular pathogenesis of HGF not only gains insight into gingival physiology and homeostasis but also opens avenues for developing potential therapeutic strategies for this disorder. Recently, mutations in REST (OMIM *600571), encoding a transcription repressor, were reported to cause HGF (GINGF5; OMIM #617626) in 3 Turkish families. However, the functions of REST in gingival homeostasis and pathogenesis of REST-associated HGF remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized 2 HGF families and identified 2 novel REST mutations, c.2449C>T (p.Arg817*) and c.2771_2793dup (p.Glu932Lysfs*3). All 5 mutations reported to date are nonsenses or frameshifts in the last exon of REST and would presumably truncate the protein. In vitro reporter gene assays demonstrated a partial or complete loss of repressor activity for these truncated RESTs. When coexpressed with the full-length protein, the truncated RESTs impaired the repressive ability of wild-type REST, suggesting a dominant negative effect. Immunofluorescent studies showed nuclear localization of overexpressed wild-type and truncated RESTs in vitro, indicating preservation of the nuclear localization signal in shortened proteins. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a comparable pattern of ubiquitous REST expression in both epithelium and lamina propria of normal and HGF gingival tissues despite a reduced reactivity in HGF gingiva. Results of this study confirm the pathogenicity of REST truncation mutations occurring in the last exon causing HGF and suggest the pathosis is caused by an antimorphic (dominant negative) disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C H Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - H W Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Y P Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - P C Kao
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - T P Yang
- Dr. Lawrence Dental Clinic, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - S K Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
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44
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Pavinato L, Trajkova S, Grosso E, Giorgio E, Bruselles A, Radio FC, Pippucci T, Dimartino P, Tartaglia M, Petlichkovski A, De Rubeis S, Buxbaum J, Ferrero GB, Keller R, Brusco A. Expanding the clinical phenotype of the ultra-rare Skraban-Deardorff syndrome: Two novel individuals with WDR26 loss-of-function variants and a literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1712-1720. [PMID: 33675273 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
De novo variants in the WDR26 gene leading to haploinsufficiency have recently been associated with Skraban-Deardorff syndrome. This condition is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a broad range of clinical signs, including intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay (DD), seizures, abnormal facial features, feeding difficulties, and minor skeletal anomalies. Currently, 18 cases have been reported in the literature and for only 15 of them a clinical description is available. Here, we describe a child with Skraban-Deardorff syndrome associated with the WDR26 pathogenic de novo variant NM_025160.6:c.69dupC, p.(Gly24ArgfsTer48), and an adult associated with the pathogenic de novo variant c.1076G > A, p.(Trp359Ter). The adult patient was a 29-year-old female with detailed information on clinical history and pharmacological treatments since birth, providing an opportunity to map disease progression and patient management. By comparing our cases with published reports of Skraban-Deardorff syndrome, we provide a genetic and clinical summary of this ultrarare condition, describe the clinical management from childhood to adult age, and further expand on the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Slavica Trajkova
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Grosso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Pippucci
- Medical Genetics Unit, Polyclinic Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Dimartino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aleksandar Petlichkovski
- Institute for Immunobiology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University "Sv. Kiril I Metodij", Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giovanni Battista Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Keller
- Adult autism center, Mental Health Department, Local Health Unit ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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45
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Etanercept as a successful therapy in autoinflammatory syndrome related to TRNT1 mutations: a case-based review. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4341-4348. [PMID: 33646446 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding tRNA nucleotidyltransferase 1 (TRNT1) are associated with heterogeneous phenotypes and multisystem involvement of variable severity and progression. Immunodeficiency and inflammation are recurrent-associated features. The use of cytokine inhibitors in suppressing the inflammatory phenotype has been recently reported, with a 3-year follow-up for patients treated with Etanercept. We report on two unrelated patients sharing the same clinical condition, who had been referred to our Pediatric Rheumatology Unit because of recurrent fever associated with cutaneous lesions and increased levels of inflammatory markers since their first months of life. Whole exome sequencing allowed to identify compound heterozygosity for functionally relevant variants in TRNT1 as the only molecular event shared by the two patients. Both patients have been treated with Etanercept during 11 years, documenting normalization of inflammatory indexes and resolution of recurrent fever and associated symptoms. This is the longest follow-up assessment of Etanercept treatment in patients with TRNT1 mutations. Our findings confirm efficacy and safety of the treatment. Key Points • Mutations in TRNT1 have been associated with phenotypic heterogeneity. • We report on two patients with early-onset autoinflammatory syndrome. • Whole exome sequencing led to reveal compound heterozygosity for two variants in TRNT1 in both patients. • The patients were successfully treated with Etanercept for more than 10 years, the longest follow-up described in literature.
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46
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Gripp KW, Smithson SF, Scurr IJ, Baptista J, Majumdar A, Pierre G, Williams M, Henderson LB, Wentzensen IM, McLaughlin H, Leeuwen L, Simon MEH, van Binsbergen E, Dinulos MBP, Kaplan JD, McRae A, Superti-Furga A, Good JM, Kutsche K. Syndromic disorders caused by gain-of-function variants in KCNH1, KCNK4, and KCNN3-a subgroup of K + channelopathies. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1384-1395. [PMID: 33594261 PMCID: PMC8440610 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased or increased activity of potassium channels caused by loss-of-function and gain-of-function (GOF) variants in the corresponding genes, respectively, underlies a broad spectrum of human disorders affecting the central nervous system, heart, kidney, and other organs. While the association of epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) with variants affecting function in genes encoding potassium channels is well known, GOF missense variants in K+ channel encoding genes in individuals with syndromic developmental disorders have only recently been recognized. These syndromic phenotypes include Zimmermann–Laband and Temple–Baraitser syndromes, caused by dominant variants in KCNH1, FHEIG syndrome due to dominant variants in KCNK4, and the clinical picture associated with dominant variants in KCNN3. Here we review the presentation of these individuals, including five newly reported with variants in KCNH1 and three additional individuals with KCNN3 variants, all variants likely affecting function. There is notable overlap in the phenotypic findings of these syndromes associated with dominant KCNN3, KCNH1, and KCNK4 variants, sharing developmental delay and/or ID, coarse facial features, gingival enlargement, distal digital hypoplasia, and hypertrichosis. We suggest to combine the phenotypes and define a new subgroup of potassium channelopathies caused by increased K+ conductance, referred to as syndromic neurodevelopmental K+ channelopathies due to dominant variants in KCNH1, KCNK4, or KCNN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sarah F Smithson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - Ingrid J Scurr
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - Julia Baptista
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anirban Majumdar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Germaine Pierre
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic Medicine, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Maggie Williams
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lisette Leeuwen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen E H Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Binsbergen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Beth P Dinulos
- Section of Genetics and Child Development, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Julie D Kaplan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Anne McRae
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Good
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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47
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Chang YT, Ling J, Gu JG. Effects of GABA B receptor activation on excitability of IB4-positive maxillary trigeminal ganglion neurons: Possible involvement of TREK2 activation. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211042963. [PMID: 34461754 PMCID: PMC8411610 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211042963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IB4-positive maxillary trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons are a subtype of afferent neurons involving nociception in orofacial regions, and excitability of these neurons is associated with orofacial nociceptive sensitivity. TREK-2 channel is a member of two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel family mediating leak K+ currents. It has been shown previously that TREK-2 channel activity can be enhanced following GABAB receptor activation, leading to a reduction of cortical neuron excitability. In the present study, we have characterized TREK-2 channel expression on maxillary TG neurons and investigated the effect of the GABAB agonist baclofen on electrophysiological properties of small-sized maxillary TG neurons of rats. We show with immunohistochemistry that TREK-2 channels are predominantly expressed in small-sized IB4-positive maxillary TG neurons. Patch-clamp recordings on neurons in ex vivo TG preparations show that baclofen hyperpolarizes resting membrane potentials, increases outward leak currents, and decreases input resistances in IB4-positive maxillary TG neurons. Moreover, baclofen significantly reduces action potential (AP) firing in IB4-positive maxillary TG neurons. In contrast, baclofen shows no significant effect on electrophysiological properties of small-sized nociceptive-like and non-nociceptive-like maxillary trigeminal neurons that are IB4-negatve. Our results suggest that TREK-2 channel activity can be enhanced by baclofen, leading to reduced excitability of IB4-positive maxillary TG neurons. This finding provides new insights into the role of TREK-2 and GABAB receptors in controlling nociceptive sensitivity in orofacial regions, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative
Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jennifer Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative
Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jianguo G Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative
Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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48
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Gao Q, Yang C, Meng L, Wang Z, Chen D, Peng Y, Yang K, Bian Z. Activated KCNQ1 channel promotes fibrogenic response in hereditary gingival fibromatosis via clustering and activation of Ras. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:471-481. [PMID: 33381870 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Activated potassium channels were found to be strongly correlated with gingival overgrowth (GO) phenotype as we reviewed syndromic hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF). Nevertheless, the functional roles of potassium channels in gingival fibrosis or gingival overgrowth remained uncovered. The aim of the present study was to explore the pathogenic role of aberrantly activated potassium channel in Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF). METHODS Gingival tissues were collected from 9 HGF patients and 15 normal controls. Expression of KCNQ1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Gingival fibroblasts were isolated, and outward K+ currents were detected by whole-cell patch-clamp analysis, transmembrane potential was determined by flow cytometry. Normal human gingival fibroblasts (NHGFs) were transfected with KCNQ1 adenovirus or treated with KCNQ1 selective agonist ML277 and antagonist chromanol 293B. Accumulation of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) was measured by Western blotting and Sircol Soluble Collagen Assay. Content of secreted TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA. Active RAS pull-down assay and cell immunofluorescence were utilized to verify RAS activation. RESULTS KCNQ1 was upregulated in gingival tissues derived from HGF patients and HGF gingival fibroblasts presented increased outward K+ currents than NHGFs. Overexpression of KCNQ1, or KCNQ1 agonist ML277, promoted fibrotic responses of NHGFs. TGF-β1 and KCNQ1 channels formed a positive feed-back loop. ML277 generated lateral clustering and activation of Ras on plasma membrane, followed by augmented MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway output. JNK or ERK1/2 inhibitors suppressed ML277-induced AP-1 and ECM upregulation. CONCLUSION Activation of KCNQ1 potassium channel promoted fibrogenic responses in NHGFs via Ras/MAPK/AP-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liuyan Meng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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49
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Pei F, Liu J, Zhang L, Pan X, Huang W, Cen X, Huang S, Jin Y, Zhao Z. The functions of mechanosensitive ion channels in tooth and bone tissues. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109877. [PMID: 33296740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tooth and bone are independent tissues with a close relationship. Both are composed of a highly calcified outer structure and soft inner tissue, and both are constantly under mechanical stress. In particular, the alveolar bone and tooth constitute an occlusion system and suffer from masticatory and occlusal force. Thus, mechanotransduction is a key process in many developmental, physiological and pathological processes in tooth and bone. Mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1 and Piezo2 are important participants in mechanotransduction, but their functions in tooth and bone are poorly understood. This review summarizes our current understanding of mechanosensitive ion channels and their roles in tooth and bone tissues. Research in these areas may shed new light on the regulation of tooth and bone tissues and potential treatments for diseases affecting these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jialing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiao Cen
- Department of the Temporomandibular Joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shishu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Ying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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50
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Rodger C, Flex E, Allison RJ, Sanchis-Juan A, Hasenahuer MA, Cecchetti S, French CE, Edgar JR, Carpentieri G, Ciolfi A, Pantaleoni F, Bruselles A, Onesimo R, Zampino G, Marcon F, Siniscalchi E, Lees M, Krishnakumar D, McCann E, Yosifova D, Jarvis J, Kruer MC, Marks W, Campbell J, Allen LE, Gustincich S, Raymond FL, Tartaglia M, Reid E. De Novo VPS4A Mutations Cause Multisystem Disease with Abnormal Neurodevelopment. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1129-1148. [PMID: 33186545 PMCID: PMC7820634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are essential for multiple membrane modeling and membrane-independent cellular processes. Here we describe six unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants affecting the ATPase domain of VPS4A, a critical enzyme regulating ESCRT function. Probands had structural brain abnormalities, severe neurodevelopmental delay, cataracts, growth impairment, and anemia. In cultured cells, overexpression of VPS4A mutants caused enlarged endosomal vacuoles resembling those induced by expression of known dominant-negative ATPase-defective forms of VPS4A. Proband-derived fibroblasts had enlarged endosomal structures with abnormal accumulation of the ESCRT protein IST1 on the limiting membrane. VPS4A function was also required for normal endosomal morphology and IST1 localization in iPSC-derived human neurons. Mutations affected other ESCRT-dependent cellular processes, including regulation of centrosome number, primary cilium morphology, nuclear membrane morphology, chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle formation, and cell cycle progression. We thus characterize a distinct multisystem disorder caused by mutations affecting VPS4A and demonstrate that its normal function is required for multiple human developmental and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rodger
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Rachel J Allison
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- Department of Haematology, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marcia A Hasenahuer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Microscopy Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Courtney E French
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy; Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesca Marcon
- Unit of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Ester Siniscalchi
- Unit of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Melissa Lees
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Deepa Krishnakumar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emma McCann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
| | - Dragana Yosifova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Joanna Jarvis
- Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | | | - Warren Marks
- Cook Children's Medical Centre, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Jonathan Campbell
- Colchester Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex CO4 5JL, UK
| | - Louise E Allen
- Ophthalmology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy; Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy.
| | - Evan Reid
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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