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Pierpont EI, Bennett AM, Schoyer L, Stronach B, Anschutz A, Borrie SC, Briggs B, Burkitt-Wright E, Castel P, Cirstea IC, Draaisma F, Ellis M, Fear VS, Frone MN, Flex E, Gelb BD, Green T, Gripp KW, Khoshkhoo S, Kieran MW, Kleemann K, Klein-Tasman BP, Kontaridis MI, Kruszka P, Leoni C, Liu CZ, Merchant N, Magoulas PL, Moertel C, Prada CE, Rauen KA, Roelofs R, Rossignol R, Sevilla C, Sevilla G, Sheedy R, Stieglitz E, Sun D, Tiemens D, White F, Wingbermühle E, Wolf C, Zenker M, Andelfinger G. The 8th International RASopathies Symposium: Expanding research and care practice through global collaboration and advocacy. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63477. [PMID: 37969032 PMCID: PMC10939912 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are the molecular cause of RASopathies, a group of clinically overlapping genetic syndromes. RASopathies constitute a wide clinical spectrum characterized by distinct facial features, short stature, predisposition to cancer, and variable anomalies in nearly all the major body systems. With increasing global recognition of these conditions, the 8th International RASopathies Symposium spotlighted global perspectives on clinical care and research, including strategies for building international collaborations and developing diverse patient cohorts in anticipation of interventional trials. This biannual meeting, organized by RASopathies Network, was held in a hybrid virtual/in-person format. The agenda featured emerging discoveries and case findings as well as progress in preclinical and therapeutic pipelines. Stakeholders including basic scientists, clinician-scientists, practitioners, industry representatives, patients, and family advocates gathered to discuss cutting edge science, recognize current gaps in knowledge, and hear from people with RASopathies about the experience of daily living. Presentations by RASopathy self-advocates and early-stage investigators were featured throughout the program to encourage a sustainable, diverse, long-term research and advocacy partnership focused on improving health and bringing treatments to people with RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah C Borrie
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Benjamin Briggs
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Emma Burkitt-Wright
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pau Castel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Ion C Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University
| | - Fieke Draaisma
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children’s Hospital
| | | | - Vanessa S. Fear
- Translational Genetics, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia
| | - Megan N. Frone
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Instituo Superiore di Sanità
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine
| | - Tamar Green
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Karen W. Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Hospital
| | - Sattar Khoshkhoo
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Karolin Kleemann
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen
| | | | - Maria I Kontaridis
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clifford Z. Liu
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine
| | | | - Pilar L. Magoulas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital
| | | | - Carlos E. Prada
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A. Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of California Davis
| | - Renée Roelofs
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California
| | - Daochun Sun
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Dagmar Tiemens
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children’s Hospital
| | - Forest White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Ellen Wingbermühle
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Cordula Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill School of Biomedical Sciences
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Galosi S, Novelli M, Di Rocco M, Flex E, Messina E, Pollini L, Parrini E, Pisani F, Guerrini R, Leuzzi V, Martinelli S. GNAO1 Haploinsufficiency: The Milder End of the GNAO1 Phenotypic Spectrum. Mov Disord 2023; 38:2313-2314. [PMID: 37632268 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Novelli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Di Rocco
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pollini
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Parrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Meyer IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Meyer IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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3
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Arfeuille C, Vial Y, Cadenet M, Caye-Eude A, Fenneteau O, Neven Q, Bonnard AA, Pizzi S, Carpentieri G, Capri Y, Girardi K, Pedace L, Macchiaiolo M, Boudhar K, Khaled MB, Chahla WA, Lutun A, Fahd M, Drunat S, Flex E, Dalle JH, Strullu M, Locatelli F, Tartaglia M, Cavé H. Germline bi-allelic SH2B3/LNK alteration predisposes to a neonatal juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia-like disorder. Haematologica 2023. [PMID: 37981895 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare, generally aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm affecting young children. It is characterized by granulomonocytic expansion, with monocytosis infiltrating peripheral tissues. JMML is initiated by mutations upregulating RAS signaling. Approximately 10% of cases remain without an identified driver event. Exome sequencing of 2 unrelated cases of familial JMML of unknown genetics and analysis of the French JMML cohort identified 11 patients with variants in SH2B3, encoding LNK, a negative regulator of the JAK-STAT pathway. All variants were absent from healthy population databases, and mutation spectrum was consistent with a loss of function of the LNK protein. A stoploss variant was shown to affect both protein synthesis and stability. The other variants were either truncating or missense, the latter affecting the SH2 domain that interacts with activated JAK. Of the 11 patients, 8 from 5 families inherited pathogenic bi-allelic SH2B3 germline variants from their unaffected heterozygous parents. These children represent half of the cases with no identified causal mutation in the French cohort. They displayed typical clinical and hematological JMML features with neonatal onset and marked thrombocytopenia. They were characterized by absence of additional genetic alterations and a hypomethylated DNA profile with fetal characteristics. All patients showed partial or complete spontaneous clinical resolution. However, progression to thrombocythemia and immunity-related pathologies may be of concern later in life. Bi-allelic SH2B3 germline mutations thus define a new condition predisposing to a JMML-like disorder, suggesting that the JAK pathway deregulation is capable of initiating JMML, and opening new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Arfeuille
- Département de Génétique, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris-Cité, Paris
| | - Yoann Vial
- Département de Génétique, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris-Cité, Paris
| | - Margaux Cadenet
- Département de Génétique, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris-Cité, Paris
| | - Aurélie Caye-Eude
- Département de Génétique, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris-Cité, Paris
| | - Odile Fenneteau
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris
| | - Quentin Neven
- Service d'Onco-Hématologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris
| | - Adeline A Bonnard
- Département de Génétique, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris-Cité, Paris
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome
| | - Yline Capri
- Département de Génétique, Unité de Génétique clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris
| | - Katia Girardi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome
| | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome
| | - Kamel Boudhar
- Service de réanimation néonatale, Hôpital Central de l'Armée, Alger, Algérie
| | - Monia Ben Khaled
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007, Tunisia. Pediatric Immuno- Hematology Unit, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wadih Abou Chahla
- Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille
| | - Anne Lutun
- Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Amiens
| | - Mony Fahd
- Service d'Onco-Hématologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris
| | - Séverine Drunat
- Département de Génétique, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome
| | - Jean-Hugues Dalle
- Service d'Onco-Hématologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris
| | - Marion Strullu
- INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Service d'Onco-Hématologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Département de Génétique, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris-Cité, Paris.
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Melo US, Jatzlau J, Prada-Medina CA, Flex E, Hartmann S, Ali S, Schöpflin R, Bernardini L, Ciolfi A, Moeinzadeh MH, Klever MK, Altay A, Vallecillo-García P, Carpentieri G, Delledonne M, Ort MJ, Schwestka M, Ferrero GB, Tartaglia M, Brusco A, Gossen M, Strunk D, Geißler S, Mundlos S, Stricker S, Knaus P, Giorgio E, Spielmann M. Author Correction: Enhancer hijacking at the ARHGAP36 locus is associated with connective tissue to bone transformation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6301. [PMID: 37813867 PMCID: PMC10562428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uirá Souto Melo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cesar A Prada-Medina
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sunhild Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salaheddine Ali
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schöpflin
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Cytogenetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Foundation, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - M-Hossein Moeinzadeh
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Computational Molecular Biology, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius-Konstantin Klever
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aybuge Altay
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Computational Molecular Biology, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Melanie-Jasmin Ort
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Schwestka
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sven Geißler
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Germany, partner site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.
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Muto V, Benigni F, Magliocca V, Borghi R, Flex E, Pallottini V, Rosa A, Compagnucci C, Tartaglia M. CRISPR/Cas9 and piggyBac Transposon-Based Conversion of a Pathogenic Biallelic TBCD Variant in a Patient-Derived iPSC Line Allows Correction of PEBAT-Related Endophenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097988. [PMID: 37175696 PMCID: PMC10178052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been established as a reliable in vitro disease model system and represent a particularly informative tool when animal models are not available or do not recapitulate the human pathophenotype. The recognized limit in using this technology is linked to some degree of variability in the behavior of the individual patient-derived clones. The development of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing solves this drawback by obtaining isogenic iPSCs in which the genetic lesion is corrected, allowing a straightforward comparison with the parental patient-derived iPSC lines. Here, we report the generation of a footprint-free isogenic cell line of patient-derived TBCD-mutated iPSCs edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 and piggyBac technologies. The corrected iPSC line had no genetic footprint after the removal of the selection cassette and maintained its "stemness". The correction of the disease-causing TBCD missense substitution restored proper protein levels of the chaperone and mitotic spindle organization, as well as reduced cellular death, which were used as read-outs of the TBCD KO-related endophenotype. The generated line represents an informative in vitro model to understand the impact of pathogenic TBCD mutations on nervous system development and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Muto
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Benigni
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Magliocca
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Borghi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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6
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Melo US, Jatzlau J, Prada-Medina CA, Flex E, Hartmann S, Ali S, Schöpflin R, Bernardini L, Ciolfi A, Moeinzadeh MH, Klever MK, Altay A, Vallecillo-García P, Carpentieri G, Delledonne M, Ort MJ, Schwestka M, Ferrero GB, Tartaglia M, Brusco A, Gossen M, Strunk D, Geißler S, Mundlos S, Stricker S, Knaus P, Giorgio E, Spielmann M. Enhancer hijacking at the ARHGAP36 locus is associated with connective tissue to bone transformation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2034. [PMID: 37041138 PMCID: PMC10090176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification is a disorder caused by abnormal mineralization of soft tissues in which signaling pathways such as BMP, TGFβ and WNT are known key players in driving ectopic bone formation. Identifying novel genes and pathways related to the mineralization process are important steps for future gene therapy in bone disorders. In this study, we detect an inter-chromosomal insertional duplication in a female proband disrupting a topologically associating domain and causing an ultra-rare progressive form of heterotopic ossification. This structural variant lead to enhancer hijacking and misexpression of ARHGAP36 in fibroblasts, validated here by orthogonal in vitro studies. In addition, ARHGAP36 overexpression inhibits TGFβ, and activates hedgehog signaling and genes/proteins related to extracellular matrix production. Our work on the genetic cause of this heterotopic ossification case has revealed that ARHGAP36 plays a role in bone formation and metabolism, outlining first details of this gene contributing to bone-formation and -disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uirá Souto Melo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cesar A Prada-Medina
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sunhild Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salaheddine Ali
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schöpflin
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Cytogenetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Foundation, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - M-Hossein Moeinzadeh
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Computational Molecular Biology, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius-Konstantin Klever
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aybuge Altay
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Computational Molecular Biology, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Melanie-Jasmin Ort
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Schwestka
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sven Geißler
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Germany, partner site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.
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7
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Leoni C, Viscogliosi G, Onesimo R, Verdolotti T, Biagini T, Mazza T, De Luca A, Perri L, Trevisan V, Flex E, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Further case of enlarged spinal nerve roots in KRAS-related Noonan syndrome. Clin Genet 2023. [PMID: 36757675 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) belongs to RASopathies, a family of disorders caused by unregulated signaling through the RAS-MAPK pathway. Herein, we report on an individual with molecularly confirmed diagnosis of NS showing asymptomatic enlarged spinal nerve roots, which are distinctive features of neurofibromatosis type 1. To date, a total of 16 patients with neurogenic tumors resembling neurofibromas/schwannomas and a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of a non-NF1 RASopathy have been reported, adding this further feature shared among RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Germana Viscogliosi
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Tommaso Verdolotti
- UOC Radiologia e Neuroradiologia, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, IRCCS Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Lucrezia Perri
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Valentina Trevisan
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome (RM), Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (RM), Italy
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8
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Flex E, Albadri S, Radio FC, Cecchetti S, Lauri A, Priolo M, Kissopoulos M, Carpentieri G, Fasano G, Venditti M, Magliocca V, Bellacchio E, Welch CL, Colombo PC, Kochav SM, Chang R, Barrick R, Trivisano M, Micalizzi A, Borghi R, Messina E, Mancini C, Pizzi S, De Santis F, Rosello M, Specchio N, Compagnucci C, McWalter K, Chung WK, Del Bene F, Tartaglia M. Dominantly acting KIF5B variants with pleiotropic cellular consequences cause variable clinical phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:473-488. [PMID: 36018820 PMCID: PMC9851748 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins are motor proteins involved in microtubule (MT)-mediated intracellular transport. They contribute to key cellular processes, including intracellular trafficking, organelle dynamics and cell division. Pathogenic variants in kinesin-encoding genes underlie several human diseases characterized by an extremely variable clinical phenotype, ranging from isolated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders to syndromic phenotypes belonging to a family of conditions collectively termed as 'ciliopathies.' Among kinesins, kinesin-1 is the most abundant MT motor for transport of cargoes towards the plus end of MTs. Three kinesin-1 heavy chain isoforms exist in mammals. Different from KIF5A and KIF5C, which are specifically expressed in neurons and established to cause neurological diseases when mutated, KIF5B is an ubiquitous protein. Three de novo missense KIF5B variants were recently described in four subjects with a syndromic skeletal disorder characterized by kyphomelic dysplasia, hypotonia and DD/ID. Here, we report three dominantly acting KIF5B variants (p.Asn255del, p.Leu498Pro and p.Leu537Pro) resulting in a clinically wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from dilated cardiomyopathy with adult-onset ophthalmoplegia and progressive skeletal myopathy to a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by severe hypotonia with or without seizures. In vitro and in vivo analyses provide evidence that the identified disease-associated KIF5B variants disrupt lysosomal, autophagosome and mitochondrial organization, and impact cilium biogenesis. All variants, and one of the previously reported missense changes, were shown to affect multiple developmental processes in zebrafish. These findings document pleiotropic consequences of aberrant KIF5B function on development and cell homeostasis, and expand the phenotypic spectrum resulting from altered kinesin-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Flex
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
| | | | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- UOSD Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli", 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marta Kissopoulos
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Magliocca
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie M Kochav
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Richard Chang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Rebekah Barrick
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Borghi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia De Santis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215 Paris, France
| | - Marion Rosello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
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9
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Jungtrakoon Thamtarana P, Marucci A, Pannone L, Bonnefond A, Pezzilli S, Biagini T, Buranasupkajorn P, Hastings T, Mendonca C, Marselli L, Di Paola R, Abubakar Z, Mercuri L, Alberico F, Flex E, Ceròn J, Porta-de-la-Riva M, Ludovico O, Carella M, Martinelli S, Marchetti P, Mazza T, Froguel P, Trischitta V, Doria A, Prudente S. Gain of Function of Malate Dehydrogenase 2 and Familial Hyperglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:668-684. [PMID: 34718610 PMCID: PMC8852227 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genes causing familial forms of diabetes mellitus are only partially known. OBJECTIVE We set out to identify the genetic cause of hyperglycemia in multigenerational families with an apparent autosomal dominant form of adult-onset diabetes not due to mutations in known monogenic diabetes genes. METHODS Existing whole-exome sequencing (WES) data were used to identify exonic variants segregating with diabetes in 60 families from the United States and Italy. Functional studies were carried out in vitro (transduced MIN6-K8 cells) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans) to assess the diabetogenic potential of 2 variants in the malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) gene linked with hyperglycemia in 2 of the families. RESULTS A very rare mutation (p.Arg52Cys) in MDH2 strongly segregated with hyperglycemia in 1 family from the United States. An infrequent MDH2 missense variant (p.Val160Met) also showed disease cosegregation in a family from Italy, although with reduced penetrance. In silico, both Arg52Cys and Val160Met were shown to affect MDH2 protein structure and function. In transfected HepG2 cells, both variants significantly increased MDH2 enzymatic activity, thereby decreasing the NAD+/NADH ratio-a change known to affect insulin signaling and secretion. Stable expression of human wild-type MDH2 in MIN6-K8 cell lines enhanced glucose- and GLP-1-stimulated insulin secretion. This effect was blunted by the Cys52 or Met160 substitutions. Nematodes carrying equivalent changes at the orthologous positions of the mdh-2 gene showed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a central role of MDH2 in human glucose homeostasis and indicate that gain of function variants in this gene may be involved in the etiology of familial forms of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaporn Jungtrakoon Thamtarana
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diabetes Research Group, Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Diabetes and Obesity, Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Luca Pannone
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Serena Pezzilli
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo,Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo,Italy
| | | | - Timothy Hastings
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Mendonca
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Zuroida Abubakar
- Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diabetes Research Group, Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Diabetes and Obesity, Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Luana Mercuri
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo,Italy
| | - Federica Alberico
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo,Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Julian Ceròn
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans. Genes, Diseases and Therapies Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Porta-de-la-Riva
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans. Genes, Diseases and Therapies Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ornella Ludovico
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo,Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo,Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo,Italy
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Alessandro Doria, MD, PhD, MPH, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo,Italy
- Correspondence: Sabrina Prudente, PhD, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, CSS-Mendel Institute, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy.
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10
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Leoni C, Massese M, Gervasoni J, Primiano A, Giorgio V, Onesimo R, Kuczynska E, Rigante D, Persichilli S, Carpentieri G, Flex E, Pastorino R, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Metabolic profiling of Costello syndrome: Insights from a single-center cohort. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104439. [PMID: 35101635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Leoni C, Bisanti C, Viscogliosi G, Onesimo R, Massese M, Giorgio V, Corbo F, Acampora A, Cipolla C, Flex E, Dell'Atti C, Rigante D, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Bone tissue homeostasis and risk of fractures in Costello syndrome: A 4-year follow-up study. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:422-430. [PMID: 34913244 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Costello syndrome (CS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a distinctive musculoskeletal phenotype and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) caused by activating de novo mutations in the HRAS gene. Herein, we report the results of a prospective study evaluating the efficacy of a 4-year vitamin D supplementation on BMD and bone health. A cohort of 16 individuals ranging from pediatric to adult age with molecularly confirmed CS underwent dosages of bone metabolism biomarkers (serum/urine) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to assess bone and body composition parameters. Results were compared to age-matched control groups. At baseline evaluation, BMD was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) compared to controls, as were the 25(OH)vitD levels. Following the 4-year time interval, despite vitamin D supplementation therapy at adequate dosages, no significant improvement in BMD was observed. The present data confirm that 25(OH)vitD and BMD parameters are reduced in CS, and vitamin D supplementation is not sufficient to restore proper BMD values. Based on this evidence, routine monitoring of bone homeostasis to prevent bone deterioration and possible fractures in adult patients with CS is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Bisanti
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Viscogliosi
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Massese
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Corbo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Acampora
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Cipolla
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Dell'Atti
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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12
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Leoni C, Viscogliosi G, Onesimo R, Bisanti C, Massese M, Giorgio V, Corbo F, Tedesco M, Acampora A, Cipolla C, Dell'Atti C, Flex E, Gervasoni J, Primiano A, Rigante D, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Characterization of bone homeostasis in individuals affected by cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:414-421. [PMID: 34854525 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial appearance, cardiac, neurologic, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. It is due to heterozygous mutations in BRAF, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, and KRAS genes, belonging to the RAS/MAPK pathway. The role of RAS signaling in bone homeostasis is highly recognized, but data on bone mineral density (BMD) in CFCS are lacking. In the present study we evaluated bone parameters, serum and urinary bone metabolites in 14 individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of CFCS. Bone assessment was performed through dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); height-adjusted results were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Blood and urinary bone metabolites were also analyzed and compared to the reference range. Despite vitamin D supplementation and almost normal bone metabolism biomarkers, CFCS patients showed significantly decreased absolute values of DXA-assessed subtotal and lumbar BMD (p ≤ 0.05), compared to controls. BMD z-scores and t-scores (respectively collected for children and adults) were below the reference range in CFCS, while normal in healthy controls. These findings confirmed a reduction in BMD in CFCS and highlighted the importance of monitoring bone health in these affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Viscogliosi
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Bisanti
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Massese
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Corbo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tedesco
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Acampora
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Cipolla
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Dell'Atti
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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13
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Bobone S, Pannone L, Biondi B, Solman M, Flex E, Canale VC, Calligari P, De Faveri C, Gandini T, Quercioli A, Torini G, Venditti M, Lauri A, Fasano G, Hoeksma J, Santucci V, Cattani G, Bocedi A, Carpentieri G, Tirelli V, Sanchez M, Peggion C, Formaggio F, den Hertog J, Martinelli S, Bocchinfuso G, Tartaglia M, Stella L. Targeting Oncogenic Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2 (SHP2) by Inhibiting Its Protein-Protein Interactions. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15973-15990. [PMID: 34714648 PMCID: PMC8591604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new class of inhibitors of protein-protein interactions of the SHP2 phosphatase, which is pivotal in cell signaling and represents a central target in the therapy of cancer and rare diseases. Currently available SHP2 inhibitors target the catalytic site or an allosteric pocket but lack specificity or are ineffective for disease-associated SHP2 mutants. Considering that pathogenic lesions cause signaling hyperactivation due to increased levels of SHP2 association with cognate proteins, we developed peptide-based molecules with nanomolar affinity for the N-terminal Src homology domain of SHP2, good selectivity, stability to degradation, and an affinity for pathogenic variants of SHP2 that is 2-20 times higher than for the wild-type protein. The best peptide reverted the effects of a pathogenic variant (D61G) in zebrafish embryos. Our results provide a novel route for SHP2-targeted therapies and a tool for investigating the role of protein-protein interactions in the function of SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bobone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Pannone
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Maja Solman
- Hubrecht institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Viviana Claudia Canale
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Chiara De Faveri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Tommaso Gandini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Quercioli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Torini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Jelmer Hoeksma
- Hubrecht institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Valerio Santucci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giada Cattani
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Valentina Tirelli
- Centre of Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Centre of Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Cristina Peggion
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Padova 35131, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Padova 35131, Italy.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
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14
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Camero S, Vitali G, Pontecorvi P, Ceccarelli S, Anastasiadou E, Cicchetti F, Flex E, Pomella S, Cassandri M, Rota R, Marampon F, Marchese C, Schiavetti A, Megiorni F. DNMT3A and DNMT3B Targeting as an Effective Radiosensitizing Strategy in Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cells 2021; 10:2956. [PMID: 34831178 PMCID: PMC8616246 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood. Recently, we demonstrated the overexpression of both DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and 3B (DNMT3B) in RMS tumour biopsies and cell lines compared to normal skeletal muscle. Radiotherapy may often fail due to the abnormal expression of some molecules able to drive resistance mechanisms. The aim of this study was to analyse the involvement of DNMT3A and DNMT3B in radioresistance in RMS. RNA interference experiments against DNMT3A/3B were performed in embryonal RMS cells, upon ionizing radiation (IR) exposure and the effects of the combined treatment on RMS cells were analysed. DNMT3A and DNMT3B knocking down increased the sensitivity of RMS cells to IR, as indicated by the drastic decrease of colony formation ability. Interestingly, DNMT3A/3B act in two different ways: DNMT3A silencing triggers the cellular senescence program by up-regulating p16 and p21, whilst DNMT3B depletion induces significant DNA damage and impairs the DNA repair machinery (ATM, DNA-PKcs and Rad51 reduction). Our findings demonstrate for the first time that DNMT3A and DNMT3B overexpression may contribute to radiotherapy failure, and their inhibition might be a promising radiosensitizing strategy, mainly in the treatment of patients with metastatic or recurrent RMS tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Camero
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Vitali
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (P.P.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (P.P.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (P.P.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (P.P.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Group of Epigenetics of Pediatric Sarcomas, Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Via San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Group of Epigenetics of Pediatric Sarcomas, Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Via San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Rossella Rota
- Group of Epigenetics of Pediatric Sarcomas, Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Via San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (P.P.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Amalia Schiavetti
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (P.P.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (C.M.)
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15
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Carpentieri G, Leoni C, Pietraforte D, Cecchetti S, Iorio E, Belardo A, Pietrucci D, Di Nottia M, Pajalunga D, Megiorni F, Mercurio L, Tatti M, Camero S, Marchese C, Rizza T, Tirelli V, Onesimo R, Carrozzo R, Rinalducci S, Chillemi G, Zampino G, Tartaglia M, Flex E. Hyperactive HRAS dysregulates energetic metabolism in fibroblasts from patients with Costello syndrome via enhanced production of reactive oxidizing species. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:561-575. [PMID: 34508588 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline activating mutations in HRAS cause Costello Syndrome (CS), a cancer prone multisystem disorder characterized by reduced postnatal growth. In CS, poor weight gain and growth are not caused by low caloric intake. Here we show that constitutive plasma membrane translocation and activation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter, via ROS-dependent AMPKα and p38 hyperactivation, occurs in CS, resulting in accelerated glycolysis, and increased fatty acid synthesis and storage as lipid droplets in primary fibroblasts. An accelerated autophagic flux was also identified as contributing to the increased energetic expenditure in CS. Concomitant inhibition of p38 and PI3K signaling by wortmannin was able to rescue both the dysregulated glucose intake and accelerated autophagic flux. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between upregulated HRAS function, defective growth and increased resting energetic expenditure in CS, and document that targeting p38 and PI3K signaling is able to revert this metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carpentieri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Serena Cecchetti
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Belardo
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniele Pietrucci
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Michela Di Nottia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Pajalunga
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Tatti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Camero
- Department Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, SAPIENZA University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Rizza
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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16
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Leoni C, Romeo DM, Pelliccioni M, Di Già M, Onesimo R, Giorgio V, Flex E, Tedesco M, Tartaglia M, Rigante D, Valassina A, Zampino G. Musculo-skeletal phenotype of Costello syndrome and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome: insights on the functional assessment status. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:43. [PMID: 33482860 PMCID: PMC7821553 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Costello syndrome (CS)
and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS) belong to the RASopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with skeletal anomalies. Due to their rarity, the characterization of the musculo-skeletal phenotype in both disorders has been poorly characterized. Patients and methods Herein we reported data on orthopedic findings and functional status of a large sample of CS and CFCS patients. Thirty-four patients (CS = 17 and CFCS = 17) were recruited. Functional and disability evaluations were performed by assessing the 6-min walking test (6MWT) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). Genotype/phenotype correlation was also provided. Results Orthopedic manifestations are highly prevalent in CS and CFCS and overlap in the two disorders. Overall, patients with CS harboring the recurrent HRAS Gly12Ser substitution show a more severe skeletal phenotype compared to patients carrying the Gly12Ala and Gly13Cys variants. Among CFCS patients, those with the MAP2K1/2 variant show different skeletal characteristics compared to BRAF variants, with a higher prevalence of orthopedic abnormalities. Functional assessment showed that patients with CS and CFCS reached lower values compared to the general population, with CFCS patients displaying the lowest scores. Conclusions Orthopedic manifestations appear universal features of CS and CFCS and they can evolve across patients’ life. Longitudinal assessment of disability status by using 6MWT and PODCI could be useful to evaluate the functional impact of orthopedic manifestations on patients’ outcome and help planning a tailored treatment of these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenico Marco Romeo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Pelliccioni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Di Già
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tedesco
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Valassina
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Neurophysiopathology and Sleep Medicine, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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17
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Lorca R, Pannone L, Cuesta-Llavona E, Bocchinfuso G, Rodríguez-Reguero J, Carpentieri G, Hernando I, Flex E, Tartaglia M, Coto E, Gómez J, Martinelli S. Compound heterozygosity for PTPN11 variants in a subject with Noonan syndrome provides insights into the mechanism of SHP2-related disorders. Clin Genet 2021; 99:457-461. [PMID: 33354767 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The RASopathies are a family of clinically related disorders caused by mutations affecting genes participating in the RAS-MAPK signaling cascade. Among them, Noonan syndrome (NS) and Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) are allelic conditions principally associated with dominant mutations in PTPN11, which encodes the nonreceptor SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Individual PTPN11 mutations are specific to each syndrome and have opposite consequences on catalysis, but all favor SHP2's interaction with signaling partners. Here, we report on a subject with NS harboring biallelic variants in PTPN11. While the former (p.Leu261Phe) had previously been reported in NS, the latter (p.Thr357Met) is a novel change impairing catalysis. Members of the family carrying p.Thr357Met, however, did not show any obvious feature fitting NSML or within the RASopathy phenotypic spectrum. A major impact of this change on transcript processing and protein stability was excluded. These findings further support the view that NSML cannot be ascribed merely to impaired SHP2's catalytic activity and suggest that PTPN11 mutations causing this condition act through an alternative dominant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lorca
- Unidad de Referencia de Cardiopatías Familiares-HUCA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luca Pannone
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elías Cuesta-Llavona
- Unidad de Referencia de Cardiopatías Familiares-HUCA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Grupo Eje Cardio-Renal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Julian Rodríguez-Reguero
- Unidad de Referencia de Cardiopatías Familiares-HUCA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Grupo Eje Cardio-Renal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Inés Hernando
- Unidad de Referencia de Cardiopatías Familiares-HUCA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Unidad de Referencia de Cardiopatías Familiares-HUCA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Grupo Eje Cardio-Renal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Medicine Department, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,HUCA. Eje Cardio-Renal, Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Unidad de Referencia de Cardiopatías Familiares-HUCA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Grupo Eje Cardio-Renal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,HUCA. Eje Cardio-Renal, Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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18
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Rodger C, Flex E, Allison RJ, Sanchis-Juan A, Hasenahuer MA, Cecchetti S, French CE, Edgar JR, Carpentieri G, Ciolfi A, Pantaleoni F, Bruselles A, Onesimo R, Zampino G, Marcon F, Siniscalchi E, Lees M, Krishnakumar D, McCann E, Yosifova D, Jarvis J, Kruer MC, Marks W, Campbell J, Allen LE, Gustincich S, Raymond FL, Tartaglia M, Reid E. De Novo VPS4A Mutations Cause Multisystem Disease with Abnormal Neurodevelopment. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1129-1148. [PMID: 33186545 PMCID: PMC7820634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are essential for multiple membrane modeling and membrane-independent cellular processes. Here we describe six unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants affecting the ATPase domain of VPS4A, a critical enzyme regulating ESCRT function. Probands had structural brain abnormalities, severe neurodevelopmental delay, cataracts, growth impairment, and anemia. In cultured cells, overexpression of VPS4A mutants caused enlarged endosomal vacuoles resembling those induced by expression of known dominant-negative ATPase-defective forms of VPS4A. Proband-derived fibroblasts had enlarged endosomal structures with abnormal accumulation of the ESCRT protein IST1 on the limiting membrane. VPS4A function was also required for normal endosomal morphology and IST1 localization in iPSC-derived human neurons. Mutations affected other ESCRT-dependent cellular processes, including regulation of centrosome number, primary cilium morphology, nuclear membrane morphology, chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle formation, and cell cycle progression. We thus characterize a distinct multisystem disorder caused by mutations affecting VPS4A and demonstrate that its normal function is required for multiple human developmental and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rodger
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Rachel J Allison
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- Department of Haematology, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marcia A Hasenahuer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Microscopy Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Courtney E French
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy; Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesca Marcon
- Unit of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Ester Siniscalchi
- Unit of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Melissa Lees
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Deepa Krishnakumar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emma McCann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
| | - Dragana Yosifova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Joanna Jarvis
- Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | | | - Warren Marks
- Cook Children's Medical Centre, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Jonathan Campbell
- Colchester Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex CO4 5JL, UK
| | - Louise E Allen
- Ophthalmology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy; Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy.
| | - Evan Reid
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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19
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Motta M, Pannone L, Pantaleoni F, Bocchinfuso G, Radio FC, Cecchetti S, Ciolfi A, Di Rocco M, Elting MW, Brilstra EH, Boni S, Mazzanti L, Tamburrino F, Walsh L, Payne K, Fernández-Jaén A, Ganapathi M, Chung WK, Grange DK, Dave-Wala A, Reshmi SC, Bartholomew DW, Mouhlas D, Carpentieri G, Bruselles A, Pizzi S, Bellacchio E, Piceci-Sparascio F, Lißewski C, Brinkmann J, Waclaw RR, Waisfisz Q, van Gassen K, Wentzensen IM, Morrow MM, Álvarez S, Martínez-García M, De Luca A, Memo L, Zampino G, Rossi C, Seri M, Gelb BD, Zenker M, Dallapiccola B, Stella L, Prada CE, Martinelli S, Flex E, Tartaglia M. Enhanced MAPK1 Function Causes a Neurodevelopmental Disorder within the RASopathy Clinical Spectrum. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:499-513. [PMID: 32721402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, the first described mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, mediates multiple cellular processes and participates in early and late developmental programs. Aberrant signaling through this cascade contributes to oncogenesis and underlies the RASopathies, a family of cancer-prone disorders. Here, we report that de novo missense variants in MAPK1, encoding the mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (i.e., extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2, ERK2), cause a neurodevelopmental disease within the RASopathy phenotypic spectrum, reminiscent of Noonan syndrome in some subjects. Pathogenic variants promote increased phosphorylation of the kinase, which enhances translocation to the nucleus and boosts MAPK signaling in vitro and in vivo. Two variant classes are identified, one of which directly disrupts binding to MKP3, a dual-specificity protein phosphatase negatively regulating ERK function. Importantly, signal dysregulation driven by pathogenic MAPK1 variants is stimulus reliant and retains dependence on MEK activity. Our data support a model in which the identified pathogenic variants operate with counteracting effects on MAPK1 function by differentially impacting the ability of the kinase to interact with regulators and substrates, which likely explains the minor role of these variants as driver events contributing to oncogenesis. After nearly 20 years from the discovery of the first gene implicated in Noonan syndrome, PTPN11, the last tier of the MAPK cascade joins the group of genes mutated in RASopathies.
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20
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Martinelli S, Pannone L, Lissewski C, Brinkmann J, Flex E, Schanze D, Calligari P, Anselmi M, Pantaleoni F, Canale VC, Radio FC, Ioannides A, Rahner N, Schanze I, Josifova D, Bocchinfuso G, Ryten M, Stella L, Tartaglia M, Zenker M. Pathogenic PTPN11 variants involving the poly-glutamine Gln 255 -Gln 256 -Gln 257 stretch highlight the relevance of helix B in SHP2's functional regulation. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1171-1182. [PMID: 32112654 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Germline PTPN11 mutations cause Noonan syndrome (NS), the most common disorder among RASopathies. PTPN11 encodes SHP2, a protein tyrosine-phosphatase controlling signaling through the RAS-MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways. Generally, NS-causing PTPN11 mutations are missense changes destabilizing the inactive conformation of the protein or enhancing its binding to signaling partners. Here, we report on two PTPN11 variants resulting in the deletion or duplication of one of three adjacent glutamine residues (Gln255 -to-Gln257 ). While p.(Gln257dup) caused a typical NS phenotype in carriers of a first family, p.(Gln257del) had incomplete penetrance in a second family. Missense mutations involving Gln256 had previously been reported in NS. This poly-glutamine stretch is located on helix B of the PTP domain, a region involved in stabilizing SHP2 in its autoinhibited state. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted that changes affecting this motif perturb the SHP2's catalytically inactive conformation and/or substrate recognition. Biochemical data showed that duplication and deletion of Gln257 variably enhance SHP2's catalytic activity, while missense changes involving Gln256 affect substrate specificity. Expression of mutants in HEK293T cells documented their activating role on MAPK signaling, uncoupling catalytic activity and modulation of intracellular signaling. These findings further document the relevance of helix B in the regulation of SHP2's function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pannone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christina Lissewski
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Brinkmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Anselmi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Claudia Canale
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Adonis Ioannides
- Clinical Genetics, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.,South East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nils Rahner
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ina Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dragana Josifova
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mina Ryten
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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21
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Ciolfi A, Aref-Eshghi E, Pizzi S, Pedace L, Miele E, Kerkhof J, Flex E, Martinelli S, Radio FC, Ruivenkamp CAL, Santen GWE, Bijlsma E, Barge-Schaapveld D, Ounap K, Siu VM, Kooy RF, Dallapiccola B, Sadikovic B, Tartaglia M. Frameshift mutations at the C-terminus of HIST1H1E result in a specific DNA hypomethylation signature. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:7. [PMID: 31910894 PMCID: PMC6947958 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously associated HIST1H1E mutations causing Rahman syndrome with a specific genome-wide methylation pattern. RESULTS Methylome analysis from peripheral blood samples of six affected subjects led us to identify a specific hypomethylated profile. This "episignature" was enriched for genes involved in neuronal system development and function. A computational classifier yielded full sensitivity and specificity in detecting subjects with Rahman syndrome. Applying this model to a cohort of undiagnosed probands allowed us to reach diagnosis in one subject. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate an epigenetic signature in subjects with Rahman syndrome that can be used to reach molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Erfan Aref-Eshghi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Emilia Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Barge-Schaapveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Ounap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 50406, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Victoria Mok Siu
- Medical Genetics Program of Southwestern Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, N6A 5W9, Canada.
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Flex E, Martinelli S, Van Dijck A, Ciolfi A, Cecchetti S, Coluzzi E, Pannone L, Andreoli C, Radio FC, Pizzi S, Carpentieri G, Bruselles A, Catanzaro G, Pedace L, Miele E, Carcarino E, Ge X, Chijiwa C, Lewis MES, Meuwissen M, Kenis S, Van der Aa N, Larson A, Brown K, Wasserstein MP, Skotko BG, Begtrup A, Person R, Karayiorgou M, Roos JL, Van Gassen KL, Koopmans M, Bijlsma EK, Santen GWE, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM, Ruivenkamp CAL, Hoffer MJV, Lalani SR, Streff H, Craigen WJ, Graham BH, van den Elzen APM, Kamphuis DJ, Õunap K, Reinson K, Pajusalu S, Wojcik MH, Viberti C, Di Gaetano C, Bertini E, Petrucci S, De Luca A, Rota R, Ferretti E, Matullo G, Dallapiccola B, Sgura A, Walkiewicz M, Kooy RF, Tartaglia M. Aberrant Function of the C-Terminal Tail of HIST1H1E Accelerates Cellular Senescence and Causes Premature Aging. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:493-508. [PMID: 31447100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones mediate dynamic packaging of nuclear DNA in chromatin, a process that is precisely controlled to guarantee efficient compaction of the genome and proper chromosomal segregation during cell division and to accomplish DNA replication, transcription, and repair. Due to the important structural and regulatory roles played by histones, it is not surprising that histone functional dysregulation or aberrant levels of histones can have severe consequences for multiple cellular processes and ultimately might affect development or contribute to cell transformation. Recently, germline frameshift mutations involving the C-terminal tail of HIST1H1E, which is a widely expressed member of the linker histone family and facilitates higher-order chromatin folding, have been causally linked to an as-yet poorly defined syndrome that includes intellectual disability. We report that these mutations result in stable proteins that reside in the nucleus, bind to chromatin, disrupt proper compaction of DNA, and are associated with a specific methylation pattern. Cells expressing these mutant proteins have a dramatically reduced proliferation rate and competence, hardly enter into the S phase, and undergo accelerated senescence. Remarkably, clinical assessment of a relatively large cohort of subjects sharing these mutations revealed a premature aging phenotype as a previously unrecognized feature of the disorder. Our findings identify a direct link between aberrant chromatin remodeling, cellular senescence, and accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161 Italy; Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161 Italy
| | - Anke Van Dijck
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Edegem, 2650 Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, 2650 Belgium
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Microscopy Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161 Italy
| | - Elisa Coluzzi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Luca Pannone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161 Italy; Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Cristina Andreoli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161 Italy
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161 Italy; Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161 Italy
| | | | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Elena Carcarino
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146 Italy; Current affiliation: Cordeliers Research Centre, Inserm 1138, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75006 France
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Current affiliation: Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chieko Chijiwa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - M E Suzanne Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Marije Meuwissen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Edegem, 2650 Belgium
| | - Sandra Kenis
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, 2650 Belgium
| | | | - Austin Larson
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathleen Brown
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Melissa P Wasserstein
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Brian G Skotko
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Karayiorgou
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - J Louw Roos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pretoria, Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Koen L Van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 AB the Netherlands
| | - Marije Koopmans
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 AB the Netherlands
| | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC the Netherlands
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC the Netherlands
| | | | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC the Netherlands
| | - Mariette J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC the Netherlands
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haley Streff
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William J Craigen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Daan J Kamphuis
- Departement of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Ziekenhuis, Delft, 2600 GA the Netherlands
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, 50406 Estonia; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50406 Estonia
| | - Karit Reinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, 50406 Estonia; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50406 Estonia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, 50406 Estonia; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50406 Estonia; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Monica H Wojcik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clara Viberti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, 10126 Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, 10126 Italy
| | - Cornelia Di Gaetano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, 10126 Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, 10126 Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, 00189 Italy; Division of Medical Genetics, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Division of Medical Genetics, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, 00161 Italy; Istituto Neuromed, IRCCS, Pozzilli, 86077 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, 10126 Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, 10126 Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Antonella Sgura
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, 00146 Italy
| | - Magdalena Walkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Current affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Edegem, 2650 Belgium.
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, 00146 Italy.
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23
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Capri Y, Flex E, Krumbach OH, Carpentieri G, Cecchetti S, Lißewski C, Rezaei Adariani S, Schanze D, Brinkmann J, Piard J, Pantaleoni F, Lepri FR, Goh ESY, Chong K, Stieglitz E, Meyer J, Kuechler A, Bramswig NC, Sacharow S, Strullu M, Vial Y, Vignal C, Kensah G, Cuturilo G, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Dvorsky R, Monaghan KG, Vincent LM, Cavé H, Verloes A, Ahmadian MR, Tartaglia M, Zenker M. Activating Mutations of RRAS2 Are a Rare Cause of Noonan Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1223-1232. [PMID: 31130282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling through pathways controlling cell response to extracellular stimuli constitutes a central theme in disorders affecting development. Signaling through RAS and the MAPK cascade controls a variety of cell decisions in response to cytokines, hormones, and growth factors, and its upregulation causes Noonan syndrome (NS), a developmental disorder whose major features include a distinctive facies, a wide spectrum of cardiac defects, short stature, variable cognitive impairment, and predisposition to malignancies. NS is genetically heterogeneous, and mutations in more than ten genes have been reported to underlie this disorder. Despite the large number of genes implicated, about 10%-20% of affected individuals with a clinical diagnosis of NS do not have mutations in known RASopathy-associated genes, indicating that additional unidentified genes contribute to the disease, when mutated. By using a mixed strategy of functional candidacy and exome sequencing, we identify RRAS2 as a gene implicated in NS in six unrelated subjects/families. We show that the NS-causing RRAS2 variants affect highly conserved residues localized around the nucleotide binding pocket of the GTPase and are predicted to variably affect diverse aspects of RRAS2 biochemical behavior, including nucleotide binding, GTP hydrolysis, and interaction with effectors. Additionally, all pathogenic variants increase activation of the MAPK cascade and variably impact cell morphology and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Finally, we provide a characterization of the clinical phenotype associated with RRAS2 mutations.
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24
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Grassi L, Alfonsi R, Francescangeli F, Signore M, De Angelis ML, Addario A, Costantini M, Flex E, Ciolfi A, Pizzi S, Bruselles A, Pallocca M, Simone G, Haoui M, Falchi M, Milella M, Sentinelli S, Di Matteo P, Stellacci E, Gallucci M, Muto G, Tartaglia M, De Maria R, Bonci D. Organoids as a new model for improving regenerative medicine and cancer personalized therapy in renal diseases. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:201. [PMID: 30814510 PMCID: PMC6393468 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pressure towards innovation and creation of new model systems in regenerative medicine and cancer research has fostered the development of novel potential therapeutic applications. Kidney injuries provoke a high request of organ transplants making it the most demanding system in the field of regenerative medicine. Furthermore, renal cancer frequently threaten patients’ life and aggressive forms still remain difficult to treat. Ethical issues related to the use of embryonic stem cells, has fueled research on adult, patient-specific pluripotent stem cells as a model for discovery and therapeutic development, but to date, normal and cancerous renal experimental models are lacking. Several research groups are focusing on the development of organoid cultures. Since organoids mimic the original tissue architecture in vitro, they represent an excellent model for tissue engineering studies and cancer therapy testing. We established normal and tumor renal cell carcinoma organoids previously maintained in a heterogeneous multi-clone stem cell-like enriching medium. Starting from adult normal kidney specimens, we were able to isolate and propagate organoid 3D-structures composed of both differentiated and undifferentiated cells while expressing nephron specific markers. Furthermore, we were capable to establish organoids derived from cancer tissues although with a success rate inferior to that of their normal counterpart. Cancer cultures displayed epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype while retaining tumor specific markers. Of note, tumor organoids recapitulated neoplastic masses when orthotopically injected into immunocompromised mice. Our data suggest an innovative approach of long-term establishment of normal- and cancer-derived renal organoids obtained from cultures of fleshly dissociated adult tissues. Our results pave the way to organ replacement pioneering strategies as well as to new models for studying drug-induced nephrotoxicity and renal diseases. Along similar lines, deriving organoids from renal cancer patients opens unprecedented opportunities for generation of preclinical models aimed at improving therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Grassi
- IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Alfonsi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Patologia Generale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michele Signore
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Addario
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Costantini
- Oncological Urology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Simone
- Oncological Urology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mustapha Haoui
- IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy.,Verona University, Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Paola Di Matteo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Stellacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Gallucci
- Oncological Urology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Muto
- Department of Urology, Humanitas University, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Istituto di Patologia Generale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Scientific Vice-Direction, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" - I.R.C.C.S. Largo Francesco Vito 1-8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Désirée Bonci
- IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Muto V, Flex E, Kupchinsky Z, Primiano G, Galehdari H, Dehghani M, Cecchetti S, Carpentieri G, Rizza T, Mazaheri N, Sedaghat A, Vahidi Mehrjardi MY, Traversa A, Di Nottia M, Kousi MM, Jamshidi Y, Ciolfi A, Caputo V, Malamiri RA, Pantaleoni F, Martinelli S, Jeffries AR, Zeighami J, Sherafat A, Di Giuda D, Shariati GR, Carrozzo R, Katsanis N, Maroofian R, Servidei S, Tartaglia M. Biallelic SQSTM1 mutations in early-onset, variably progressive neurodegeneration. Neurology 2018; 91:e319-e330. [PMID: 29959261 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize clinically and molecularly an early-onset, variably progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a cerebellar syndrome with severe ataxia, gaze palsy, dyskinesia, dystonia, and cognitive decline affecting 11 individuals from 3 consanguineous families. METHODS We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) (families 1 and 2) and a combined approach based on homozygosity mapping and WES (family 3). We performed in vitro studies to explore the effect of the nontruncating SQSTM1 mutation on protein function and the effect of impaired SQSTM1 function on autophagy. We analyzed the consequences of sqstm1 down-modulation on the structural integrity of the cerebellum in vivo using zebrafish as a model. RESULTS We identified 3 homozygous inactivating variants, including a splice site substitution (c.301+2T>A) causing aberrant transcript processing and accelerated degradation of a resulting protein lacking exon 2, as well as 2 truncating changes (c.875_876insT and c.934_936delinsTGA). We show that loss of SQSTM1 causes impaired production of ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates in response to misfolded protein stress and decelerated autophagic flux. The consequences of sqstm1 down-modulation on the structural integrity of the cerebellum in zebrafish documented a variable but reproducible phenotype characterized by cerebellum anomalies ranging from depletion of axonal connections to complete atrophy. We provide a detailed clinical characterization of the disorder; the natural history is reported for 2 siblings who have been followed up for >20 years. CONCLUSIONS This study offers an accurate clinical characterization of this recently recognized neurodegenerative disorder caused by biallelic inactivating mutations in SQSTM1 and links this phenotype to defective selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Muto
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zachary Kupchinsky
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Guido Primiano
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dehghani
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Teresa Rizza
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Neda Mazaheri
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Alireza Sedaghat
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yahya Vahidi Mehrjardi
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Alice Traversa
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Michela Di Nottia
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maria M Kousi
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Viviana Caputo
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Reza Azizi Malamiri
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Simone Martinelli
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Aaron R Jeffries
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Jawaher Zeighami
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amir Sherafat
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Daniela Di Giuda
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Shariati
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Reza Maroofian
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Serenella Servidei
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- From the Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (V.M., G.C., T.R., M.D.N., A.C., F.P., R.C., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (E.F., S.M.) and Confocal Microscopy Unit (S.C.), Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Center for Human Disease Modeling (Z.K., M.M.K., N.K.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institutes of Neurology (G.P., S.S.) and Nuclear Medicine (D.D.G.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Genetics (H.G., N.M.), Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory (H.G., N.M., A. Sedaghat, J.Z., G.R.S.), Kianpars, Ahvaz; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (M.D.), Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Medical Genetics Research Centre (M.D., M.Y.V.M.), and Department of Medical Genetics (M.Y.V.M.), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Experimental Medicine (A.T., V.C.), Università "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre (Y.J., R.M.), St. George's University of London, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (R.A.M.), Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, and Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; University of Exeter Medical School (A.R.J.), RILD, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK; and Department of Neurology (A. Sherafat), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Woman And Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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27
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Pantaleoni F, Lev D, Cirstea IC, Motta M, Lepri FR, Bottero L, Cecchetti S, Linger I, Paolacci S, Flex E, Novelli A, Carè A, Ahmadian MR, Stellacci E, Tartaglia M. Aberrant HRAS transcript processing underlies a distinctive phenotype within the RASopathy clinical spectrum. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:798-804. [PMID: 28390077 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RASopathies are a group of rare, clinically related conditions affecting development and growth, and are caused by germline mutations in genes encoding signal transducers and modulators with a role in the RAS signaling network. These disorders share facial dysmorphia, short stature, variable cognitive deficits, skeletal and cardiac defects, and a variable predisposition to malignancies. Here, we report on a de novo 10-nucleotide-long deletion in HRAS (c.481_490delGGGACCCTCT, NM_176795.4; p.Leu163ProfsTer52, NP_789765.1) affecting transcript processing as a novel event underlying a RASopathy characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability and autistic features, distinctive coarse facies, reduced growth, and ectodermal anomalies. Molecular and biochemical studies demonstrated that the deletion promotes constitutive retention of exon IDX, which is generally skipped during HRAS transcript processing, and results in a stable and mildly hyperactive GDP/GTP-bound protein that is constitutively targeted to the plasma membrane. Our findings document a new mechanism leading to altered HRAS function that underlies a previously unappreciated phenotype within the RASopathy spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Dorit Lev
- The Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Ion C Cirstea
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marialetizia Motta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Lepri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Lisabianca Bottero
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilan Linger
- The Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefano Paolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Emilia Stellacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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28
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Pannone L, Bocchinfuso G, Flex E, Rossi C, Baldassarre G, Lissewski C, Pantaleoni F, Consoli F, Lepri F, Magliozzi M, Anselmi M, Delle Vigne S, Sorge G, Karaer K, Cuturilo G, Sartorio A, Tinschert S, Accadia M, Digilio MC, Zampino G, De Luca A, Cavé H, Zenker M, Gelb BD, Dallapiccola B, Stella L, Ferrero GB, Martinelli S, Tartaglia M. Cover Image, Volume 38, Issue 4. Hum Mutat 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Pannone L, Bocchinfuso G, Flex E, Rossi C, Baldassarre G, Lissewski C, Pantaleoni F, Consoli F, Lepri F, Magliozzi M, Anselmi M, Delle Vigne S, Sorge G, Karaer K, Cuturilo G, Sartorio A, Tinschert S, Accadia M, Digilio MC, Zampino G, De Luca A, Cavé H, Zenker M, Gelb BD, Dallapiccola B, Stella L, Ferrero GB, Martinelli S, Tartaglia M. Structural, Functional, and Clinical Characterization of a Novel PTPN11 Mutation Cluster Underlying Noonan Syndrome. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:451-459. [PMID: 28074573 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTPN11, the gene encoding the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2), cause Noonan syndrome (NS), a relatively common, clinically variable, multisystem disorder. Here, we report on the identification of five different PTPN11 missense changes affecting residues Leu261 , Leu262 , and Arg265 in 16 unrelated individuals with clinical diagnosis of NS or with features suggestive for this disorder, specifying a novel disease-causing mutation cluster. Expression of the mutant proteins in HEK293T cells documented their activating role on MAPK signaling. Structural data predicted a gain-of-function role of substitutions at residues Leu262 and Arg265 exerted by disruption of the N-SH2/PTP autoinhibitory interaction. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested a more complex behavior for changes affecting Leu261 , with possible impact on SHP2's catalytic activity/selectivity and proper interaction of the PTP domain with the regulatory SH2 domains. Consistent with that, biochemical data indicated that substitutions at codons 262 and 265 increased the catalytic activity of the phosphatase, while those affecting codon 261 were only moderately activating but impacted substrate specificity. Remarkably, these mutations underlie a relatively mild form of NS characterized by low prevalence of cardiac defects, short stature, and cognitive and behavioral issues, as well as less evident typical facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pannone
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Rossi
- Genetica Medica, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Christina Lissewski
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Consoli
- Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Lepri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Magliozzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Anselmi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Delle Vigne
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorge
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Kadri Karaer
- Dr. Ersin Arslan Research and Training Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Goran Cuturilo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Division of Auxology, Verbania, Italy
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Institute of Clinical Genetics, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Accadia
- Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria C Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris-Sorbonne-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Ferrero
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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30
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Pode-Shakked B, Barash H, Ziv L, Gripp KW, Flex E, Barel O, Carvalho KS, Scavina M, Chillemi G, Niceta M, Eyal E, Kol N, Ben-Zeev B, Bar-Yosef O, Marek-Yagel D, Bertini E, Duker AL, Anikster Y, Tartaglia M, Raas-Rothschild A. Microcephaly, intractable seizures and developmental delay caused by biallelic variants in TBCD: further delineation of a new chaperone-mediated tubulinopathy. Clin Genet 2016; 91:725-738. [PMID: 27807845 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics play a crucial role in neuronal development and function, and several neurodevelopmental disorders have been linked to mutations in genes encoding tubulins and functionally related proteins. Most recently, variants in the tubulin cofactor D (TBCD) gene, which encodes one of the five co-chaperones required for assembly and disassembly of α/β-tubulin heterodimer, were reported to underlie a recessive neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorder. We report on five patients from three unrelated families, who presented with microcephaly, intellectual disability, intractable seizures, optic nerve pallor/atrophy, and cortical atrophy with delayed myelination and thinned corpus callosum on brain imaging. Exome sequencing allowed the identification of biallelic variants in TBCD segregating with the disease in the three families. TBCD protein level was significantly reduced in cultured fibroblasts from one patient, supporting defective TBCD function as the event underlying the disorder. Such reduced expression was associated with accelerated microtubule re-polymerization. Morpholino-mediated TBCD knockdown in zebrafish recapitulated several key pathological features of the human disease, and TBCD overexpression in the same model confirmed previous studies documenting an obligate dependency on proper TBCD levels during development. Our findings confirm the link between inactivating TBCD variants and this newly described chaperone-associated tubulinopathy, and provide insights into the phenotype of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pode-Shakked
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Dr Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - H Barash
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - L Ziv
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - K W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - E Flex
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - O Barel
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - K S Carvalho
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Scavina
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - G Chillemi
- SCAI-Super Computing Applications and Innovation Department, CINECA, Rome, Italy
| | - M Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - E Eyal
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - N Kol
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - B Ben-Zeev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - O Bar-Yosef
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - D Marek-Yagel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - E Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - A L Duker
- Division of Medical Genetics, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Y Anikster
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - A Raas-Rothschild
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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31
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Flex E, Niceta M, Cecchetti S, Thiffault I, Au MG, Capuano A, Piermarini E, Ivanova AA, Francis JW, Chillemi G, Chandramouli B, Carpentieri G, Haaxma CA, Ciolfi A, Pizzi S, Douglas GV, Levine K, Sferra A, Dentici ML, Pfundt RR, Le Pichon JB, Farrow E, Baas F, Piemonte F, Dallapiccola B, Graham JM, Saunders CJ, Bertini E, Kahn RA, Koolen DA, Tartaglia M. Biallelic Mutations in TBCD, Encoding the Tubulin Folding Cofactor D, Perturb Microtubule Dynamics and Cause Early-Onset Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:962-973. [PMID: 27666370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal elements coordinating and supporting a variety of neuronal processes, including cell division, migration, polarity, intracellular trafficking, and signal transduction. Mutations in genes encoding tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins are known to cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Growing evidence suggests that altered microtubule dynamics may also underlie or contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. We report that biallelic mutations in TBCD, encoding one of the five co-chaperones required for assembly and disassembly of the αβ-tubulin heterodimer, the structural unit of microtubules, cause a disease with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative features characterized by early-onset cortical atrophy, secondary hypomyelination, microcephaly, thin corpus callosum, developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, optic atrophy, and spastic quadriplegia. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted long-range and/or local structural perturbations associated with the disease-causing mutations. Biochemical analyses documented variably reduced levels of TBCD, indicating relative instability of mutant proteins, and defective β-tubulin binding in a subset of the tested mutants. Reduced or defective TBCD function resulted in decreased soluble α/β-tubulin levels and accelerated microtubule polymerization in fibroblasts from affected subjects, demonstrating an overall shift toward a more rapidly growing and stable microtubule population. These cells displayed an aberrant mitotic spindle with disorganized, tangle-shaped microtubules and reduced aster formation, which however did not alter appreciably the rate of cell proliferation. Our findings establish that defective TBCD function underlies a recognizable encephalopathy and drives accelerated microtubule polymerization and enhanced microtubule stability, underscoring an additional cause of altered microtubule dynamics with impact on neuronal function and survival in the developing brain.
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32
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Sferra A, Baillat G, Rizza T, Barresi S, Flex E, Tasca G, D'Amico A, Bellacchio E, Ciolfi A, Caputo V, Cecchetti S, Torella A, Zanni G, Diodato D, Piermarini E, Niceta M, Coppola A, Tedeschi E, Martinelli D, Dionisi-Vici C, Nigro V, Dallapiccola B, Compagnucci C, Tartaglia M, Haase G, Bertini E. TBCE Mutations Cause Early-Onset Progressive Encephalopathy with Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:974-983. [PMID: 27666369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulinopathies constitute a family of neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders caused by mutations in several genes encoding tubulin isoforms. Loss-of-function mutations in TBCE, encoding one of the five tubulin-specific chaperones involved in tubulin folding and polymerization, cause two rare neurodevelopmental syndromes, hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism and Kenny-Caffey syndrome. Although a missense mutation in Tbce has been associated with progressive distal motor neuronopathy in the pmn/pmn mice, no similar degenerative phenotype has been recognized in humans. We report on the identification of an early-onset and progressive neurodegenerative encephalopathy with distal spinal muscular atrophy resembling the phenotype of pmn/pmn mice and caused by biallelic TBCE mutations, with the c.464T>A (p.Ile155Asn) change occurring at the heterozygous/homozygous state in six affected subjects from four unrelated families originated from the same geographical area in Southern Italy. Western blot analysis of patient fibroblasts documented a reduced amount of TBCE, suggestive of rapid degradation of the mutant protein, similarly to what was observed in pmn/pmn fibroblasts. The impact of TBCE mutations on microtubule polymerization was determined using biochemical fractionation and analyzing the nucleation and growth of microtubules at the centrosome and extracentrosomal sites after treatment with nocodazole. Primary fibroblasts obtained from affected subjects displayed a reduced level of polymerized α-tubulin, similarly to tail fibroblasts of pmn/pmn mice. Moreover, markedly delayed microtubule re-polymerization and abnormal mitotic spindles with disorganized microtubule arrangement were also documented. Although loss of function of TBCE has been documented to impact multiple developmental processes, the present findings provide evidence that hypomorphic TBCE mutations primarily drive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sferra
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Gilbert Baillat
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289 CNRS Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Teresa Rizza
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; Centro di Ricerca per gli alimenti e la nutrizione, CREA, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138 Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Diodato
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Piermarini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Coppola
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Tedeschi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138 Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Georg Haase
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289 CNRS Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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33
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Mulero-Navarro S, Sevilla A, Roman AC, Lee DF, D'Souza SL, Pardo S, Riess I, Su J, Cohen N, Schaniel C, Rodriguez NA, Baccarini A, Brown BD, Cavé H, Caye A, Strullu M, Yalcin S, Park CY, Dhandapany PS, Yongchao G, Edelmann L, Bahieg S, Raynal P, Flex E, Tartaglia M, Moore KA, Lemischka IR, Gelb BD. Myeloid Dysregulation in a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of PTPN11-Associated Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia. Cell Rep 2015; 13:504-515. [PMID: 26456833 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic PTPN11 mutations cause juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Germline PTPN11 defects cause Noonan syndrome (NS), and specific inherited mutations cause NS/JMML. Here, we report that hematopoietic cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) harboring NS/JMML-causing PTPN11 mutations recapitulated JMML features. hiPSC-derived NS/JMML myeloid cells exhibited increased signaling through STAT5 and upregulation of miR-223 and miR-15a. Similarly, miR-223 and miR-15a were upregulated in 11/19 JMML bone marrow mononuclear cells harboring PTPN11 mutations, but not those without PTPN11 defects. Reducing miR-223's function in NS/JMML hiPSCs normalized myelogenesis. MicroRNA target gene expression levels were reduced in hiPSC-derived myeloid cells as well as in JMML cells with PTPN11 mutations. Thus, studying an inherited human cancer syndrome with hiPSCs illuminated early oncogenesis prior to the accumulation of secondary genomic alterations, enabling us to discover microRNA dysregulation, establishing a genotype-phenotype association for JMML and providing therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mulero-Navarro
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ana Sevilla
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Angel C Roman
- Instituto Cajal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sunita L D'Souza
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sherly Pardo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Ilan Riess
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jie Su
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nelson A Rodriguez
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alessia Baccarini
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brian D Brown
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris-Sorbonne-Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Caye
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris-Sorbonne-Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Marion Strullu
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris-Sorbonne-Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Safak Yalcin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Perundurai S Dhandapany
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ge Yongchao
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lisa Edelmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sawsan Bahieg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patrick Raynal
- Université Paul Sabatier-M2CHRNRS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy; Area di Ricerca "Malattie Genetiche e Malattie Rare," Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome 00165, Italy
| | - Kateri A Moore
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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34
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Losdyck E, Hornakova T, Springuel L, Degryse S, Gielen O, Cools J, Constantinescu SN, Flex E, Tartaglia M, Renauld JC, Knoops L. Distinct Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)-associated Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) Mutants Exhibit Different Cytokine-Receptor Requirements and JAK Inhibitor Specificities. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29022-34. [PMID: 26446793 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.670224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK1 and JAK3 are recurrently mutated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These tyrosine kinases associate with heterodimeric cytokine receptors such as IL-7 receptor or IL-9 receptor, in which JAK1 is appended to the specific chain, and JAK3 is appended to the common gamma chain. Here, we studied the role of these receptor complexes in mediating the oncogenic activity of JAK3 mutants. Although JAK3(V674A) and the majority of other JAK3 mutants needed to bind to a functional cytokine receptor complex to constitutively activate STAT5, JAK3(L857P) was unexpectedly found to not depend on such receptor complexes for its activity, which was induced without receptor or JAK1 co-expression. Introducing a mutation in the FERM domain that abolished JAK-receptor interaction did not affect JAK3(L857P) activity, whereas it inhibited the other receptor-dependent mutants. The same cytokine receptor independence as for JAK3(L857P) was observed for homologous Leu(857) mutations of JAK1 and JAK2 and for JAK3(L875H). This different cytokine receptor requirement correlated with different functional properties in vivo and with distinct sensitivity to JAK inhibitors. Transduction of murine hematopoietic cells with JAK3(V674A) led homogenously to lymphoblastic leukemias in BALB/c mice. In contrast, transduction with JAK3(L857P) induced various types of lymphoid and myeloid leukemias. Moreover, ruxolitinib, which preferentially blocks JAK1 and JAK2, abolished the proliferation of cells transformed by the receptor-dependent JAK3(V674A), yet proved much less potent on cells expressing JAK3(L857P). These particular cells were, in contrast, more sensitive to JAK3-specific inhibitors. Altogether, our results showed that different JAK3 mutations induce constitutive activation through distinct mechanisms, pointing to specific therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Losdyck
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tekla Hornakova
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorraine Springuel
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Degryse
- the VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, the K.U. Leuven Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Gielen
- the VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, the K.U. Leuven Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Cools
- the VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, the K.U. Leuven Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- the Genetic Disorders and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu' IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Knoops
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, the Hematology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, and
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35
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Kortüm F, Caputo V, Bauer CK, Stella L, Ciolfi A, Alawi M, Bocchinfuso G, Flex E, Paolacci S, Dentici ML, Grammatico P, Korenke GC, Leuzzi V, Mowat D, Nair LDV, Nguyen TTM, Thierry P, White SM, Dallapiccola B, Pizzuti A, Campeau PM, Tartaglia M, Kutsche K. Mutations in KCNH1 and ATP6V1B2 cause Zimmermann-Laband syndrome. Nat Genet 2015; 47:661-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Flex E, Jaiswal M, Pantaleoni F, Martinelli S, Strullu M, Fansa EK, Caye A, De Luca A, Lepri F, Dvorsky R, Pannone L, Paolacci S, Zhang SC, Fodale V, Bocchinfuso G, Rossi C, Burkitt-Wright EMM, Farrotti A, Stellacci E, Cecchetti S, Ferese R, Bottero L, Castro S, Fenneteau O, Brethon B, Sanchez M, Roberts AE, Yntema HG, Van Der Burgt I, Cianci P, Bondeson ML, Cristina Digilio M, Zampino G, Kerr B, Aoki Y, Loh ML, Palleschi A, Di Schiavi E, Carè A, Selicorni A, Dallapiccola B, Cirstea IC, Stella L, Zenker M, Gelb BD, Cavé H, Ahmadian MR, Tartaglia M. Activating mutations in RRAS underlie a phenotype within the RASopathy spectrum and contribute to leukaemogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4315-27. [PMID: 24705357 PMCID: PMC4103678 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RASopathies, a family of disorders characterized by cardiac defects, defective growth, facial dysmorphism, variable cognitive deficits and predisposition to certain malignancies, are caused by constitutional dysregulation of RAS signalling predominantly through the RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) cascade. We report on two germline mutations (p.Gly39dup and p.Val55Met) in RRAS, a gene encoding a small monomeric GTPase controlling cell adhesion, spreading and migration, underlying a rare (2 subjects among 504 individuals analysed) and variable phenotype with features partially overlapping Noonan syndrome, the most common RASopathy. We also identified somatic RRAS mutations (p.Gly39dup and p.Gln87Leu) in 2 of 110 cases of non-syndromic juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia, a childhood myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disease caused by upregulated RAS signalling, defining an atypical form of this haematological disorder rapidly progressing to acute myeloid leukaemia. Two of the three identified mutations affected known oncogenic hotspots of RAS genes and conferred variably enhanced RRAS function and stimulus-dependent MAPK activation. Expression of an RRAS mutant homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans enhanced RAS signalling and engendered protruding vulva, a phenotype previously linked to the RASopathy-causing SHOC2(S2G) mutant. Overall, these findings provide evidence of a functional link between RRAS and MAPK signalling and reveal an unpredicted role of enhanced RRAS function in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Flex
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare and
| | - Mamta Jaiswal
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine Universitat, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | | | | | - Marion Strullu
- Genetics Department, INSERM UMR_S940, Institut Universitaire D'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris 75010, France
| | - Eyad K Fansa
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine Universitat, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Aurélie Caye
- Genetics Department, INSERM UMR_S940, Institut Universitaire D'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris 75010, France
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Laboratorio Mendel, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Rome 00198, Italy
| | | | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine Universitat, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Luca Pannone
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare and
| | | | - Si-Cai Zhang
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine Universitat, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | | | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Cesare Rossi
- UO Genetica Medica, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Emma M M Burkitt-Wright
- Genetic Medicine, Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Andrea Farrotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Serena Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Rosangela Ferese
- Laboratorio Mendel, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Rome 00198, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Castro
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica 'A. Buzzati Traverso', Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy
| | | | - Benoît Brethon
- Pediatric Hematology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris 75019, France
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Amy E Roberts
- Department of Cardiology and Division of Genetics, and Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helger G Yntema
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke Van Der Burgt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Cianci
- Genetica Clinica Pediatrica, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | | | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Genetic Medicine, Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California School of Medicine, and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica 'A. Buzzati Traverso', Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare and
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Genetica Clinica Pediatrica, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza 20900, Italy
| | | | - Ion C Cirstea
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine Universitat, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics and Department of Genomic Sciences, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Genetics Department, INSERM UMR_S940, Institut Universitaire D'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris 75010, France
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine Universitat, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare and
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Dhandapany PS, Razzaque MA, Muthusami U, Kunnoth S, Edwards JJ, Mulero-Navarro S, Riess I, Pardo S, Sheng J, Rani DS, Rani B, Govindaraj P, Flex E, Yokota T, Furutani M, Nishizawa T, Nakanishi T, Robbins J, Limongelli G, Hajjar RJ, Lebeche D, Bahl A, Khullar M, Rathinavel A, Sadler KC, Tartaglia M, Matsuoka R, Thangaraj K, Gelb BD. RAF1 mutations in childhood-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Nat Genet 2014; 46:635-639. [PMID: 24777450 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a highly heterogeneous trait with sarcomeric gene mutations predominating. The cause of a substantial percentage of DCMs remains unknown, and no gene-specific therapy is available. On the basis of resequencing of 513 DCM cases and 1,150 matched controls from various cohorts of distinct ancestry, we discovered rare, functional RAF1 mutations in 3 of the cohorts (South Indian, North Indian and Japanese). The prevalence of RAF1 mutations was ~9% in childhood-onset DCM cases in these three cohorts. Biochemical studies showed that DCM-associated RAF1 mutants had altered kinase activity, resulting in largely unaltered ERK activation but in AKT that was hyperactivated in a BRAF-dependent manner. Constitutive expression of these mutants in zebrafish embryos resulted in a heart failure phenotype with AKT hyperactivation that was rescued by treatment with rapamycin. These findings provide new mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic targets for RAF1-associated DCM and further expand the clinical spectrum of RAF1-related human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perundurai S Dhandapany
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Md Abdur Razzaque
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Sreejith Kunnoth
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - Jonathan J Edwards
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Sonia Mulero-Navarro
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Ilan Riess
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Sherly Pardo
- Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jipo Sheng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | | | - Bindhu Rani
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Periyasamy Govindaraj
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- International Research and Educational Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (IREIIMS), Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Furutani
- International Research and Educational Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (IREIIMS), Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nishizawa
- International Research and Educational Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (IREIIMS), Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakanishi
- International Research and Educational Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (IREIIMS), Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Bahl
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Andiappan Rathinavel
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, India
| | - Kirsten C Sadler
- Division of Liver Diseases/Department of Medicine and Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rumiko Matsuoka
- International Research and Educational Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (IREIIMS), Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
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Silengo M, Defilippi C, Belligni E, Biamino E, Flex E, Brusco A, Ferrero GB, Tartaglia M, Hennekam RC. Progressive extreme heterotopic calcification. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1706-13. [PMID: 23686761 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The formation of ectopic calcifications in soft tissues can occur either sporadically or as a genetically determined condition, and is seen only infrequently. We report on a girl in whom widespread, rapidly progressive ectopic calcifications were detected shortly after birth. Calcifications became present around all joints, tendons and ligaments, but did not involve internal organs and skin, and eventually caused almost complete immobility of the child at 2 years. There were no other health problems and cognitive development was normal. We compare the manifestations in the child to the characteristics of known entities causing ectopic calcifications and conclude the child differs to each. Laboratory evaluation failed to identify autoimmune phenomena as well as calcium metabolism or other biochemical abnormalities; molecular studies did not identify occurrence of mutations in disease genes known to be involved in ectopic calcifications. We conclude the manifestations in the child represent an unreported entity of hitherto unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Silengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Flex E, Ciolfi A, Caputo V, Fodale V, Leoni C, Melis D, Bedeschi MF, Mazzanti L, Pizzuti A, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Loss of function of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBE3B causes Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome. J Med Genet 2013; 50:493-9. [PMID: 23687348 PMCID: PMC3717725 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome (KOS) is a developmental disorder characterised by reduced growth, microcephaly, ocular anomalies (microcornea, strabismus, myopia, and pale optic disk), distinctive facial features (narrow palpebral fissures, telecanthus, sparse and laterally broad eyebrows, preauricular tags, and micrognathia), mental retardation, and generalised hypotonia. KOS is a rare, possibly underestimated condition, with fewer than 10 cases reported to date. Here we investigate the molecular cause underlying KOS. Methods An exome sequencing approach was used on a single affected individual of an Italian consanguineous family coupled with mutation scanning using Sanger sequencing on a second unrelated subject with clinical features fitting the disorder. Results Exome sequencing was able to identify homozygosity for a novel truncating mutation (c.556C>T, p.Arg186stop) in UBE3B, which encodes a widely expressed HECT (homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus) domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Homozygosity for a different nonsense lesion affecting the gene (c.1166G>A, p.Trp389stop) was documented in the second affected subject, supporting the recessive mode of inheritance of the disorder. Mutation scanning of the entire UBE3B coding sequence on a selected cohort of subjects with features overlapping, in part, those recurring in KOS did not reveal disease-causing mutations, suggesting phenotypic homogeneity of UBE3B lesions. Discussion Our data provide evidence that KOS is caused by UBE3B loss of function, and further demonstrate the impact of misregulation of protein ubiquitination on development and growth. The available clinical records, including those referring to four UBE3B mutation-positive subjects recently described as belonging to a previously unreported entity, which fits KOS, document the clinical homogeneity of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Flex
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superioredi Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Martinelli S, Checquolo S, Consoli F, Stellacci E, Rossi C, Silvano M, Franciosa G, Flex E, Cossu C, De Luca A, Foà R, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Screpanti I, Tartaglia M. Loss of CBL E3-ligase activity in B-lineage childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2012; 159:115-9. [PMID: 22834886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Martinelli S, Nardozza AP, Delle Vigne S, Sabetta G, Torreri P, Bocchinfuso G, Flex E, Venanzi S, Palleschi A, Gelb BD, Cesareni G, Stella L, Castagnoli L, Tartaglia M. Counteracting effects operating on Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) function drive selection of the recurrent Y62D and Y63C substitutions in Noonan syndrome. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27066-77. [PMID: 22711529 PMCID: PMC3411048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.350231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in PTPN11 cause Noonan syndrome, the most common nonchromosomal disorder affecting development and growth. PTPN11 encodes SHP2, an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase that positively modulates RAS function. Here, we characterized functionally all possible amino acid substitutions arising from single-base changes affecting codons 62 and 63 to explore the molecular mechanisms lying behind the largely invariant occurrence of the Y62D and Y63C substitutions recurring in Noonan syndrome. We provide structural and biochemical data indicating that the autoinhibitory interaction between the N-SH2 and protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domains is perturbed in both mutants as a result of an extensive structural rearrangement of the N-SH2 domain. Most mutations affecting Tyr63 exerted an unpredicted disrupting effect on the structure of the N-SH2 phosphopeptide-binding cleft mediating the interaction of SHP2 with signaling partners. Among all the amino acid changes affecting that codon, the disease-causing mutation was the only substitution that perturbed the stability of the inactive conformation of SHP2 without severely impairing proper phosphopeptide binding of N-SH2. On the other hand, the disruptive effect of the Y62D change on the autoinhibited conformation of the protein was balanced, in part, by less efficient binding properties of the mutant. Overall, our data demonstrate that the selection-by-function mechanism acting as driving force for PTPN11 mutations affecting codons 62 and 63 implies balancing of counteracting effects operating on the allosteric control of the function of SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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42
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Ferrero GB, Picco G, Baldassarre G, Flex E, Isella C, Cantarella D, Corà D, Chiesa N, Crescenzio N, Timeus F, Merla G, Mazzanti L, Zampino G, Rossi C, Silengo M, Tartaglia M, Medico E. Transcriptional hallmarks of Noonan syndrome and Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:703-9. [PMID: 22253195 PMCID: PMC3332054 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is among the most common nonchromosomal disorders affecting development and growth. NS is genetically heterogeneous, being caused by germline mutations affecting various genes implicated in the RAS signaling network. This network transduces extracellular signals into intracellular biochemical and transcriptional responses controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and senescence. To explore the transcriptional consequences of NS-causing mutations, we performed global mRNA expression profiling on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 23 NS patients carrying heterozygous mutations in PTPN11 or SOS1. Gene expression profiling was also resolved in five subjects with Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NS/LAH), a condition clinically related to NS and caused by an invariant mutation in SHOC2. Robust transcriptional signatures were found to specifically discriminate each of the three mutation groups from 21 age- and sex-matched controls. Despite the only partial overlap in terms of gene composition, the three signatures showed a notable concordance in terms of biological processes and regulatory circuits affected. These data establish expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a powerful tool to appreciate differential perturbations driven by germline mutations of transducers involved in RAS signaling and to dissect molecular mechanisms underlying NS and other RASopathies. Hum Mutat 33:703–709, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Fodale V, Flex E, Stellacci E, Policicchio E, Deng J, Calvert VS, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF, Tartaglia M. Abstract 2912: Protein pathway activation mapping of leukemia-associated JAK1 mutants. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that noncovalently associates with a variety of cytokine receptors and plays a nonredundant role in lymphoid cell precursor proliferation, survival and differentiation. We documented that somatic mutations in JAK1 occur in individuals with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (Flex et al. 2008, J Exp Med 205:751-8). JAK1 mutations were more prevalent among adult subjects with T-cell precursor ALL, where they accounted for approximately 20% of cases, and were associated with poor response to therapy and overall prognosis. In order to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which aberrant JAK1 function contribute to leukemogenesis we analysed the signaling architecture of BaF3 cell lines stably expressing a series of leukemia-associated JAK1 gene mutations by Reverse Phase Protein Microarray (RPMA). We utilized BaF3 cell lines, stably expressing human wild type JAK1 and five ALL-associated mutants bearing missense mutations in different domains of the kinase. Cells were serum starved for 16 hours and lysed before and after induction with IL-3 for 20 minutes. RPMA analysis was performed to determine the phosphorylation/activation state of 102 different key signalling proteins involved in the major intracellular signal transduction pathways. Results showed that intacellular signaling downstream JAK/STAT is differentially modulated between cell lines expressing the different ALL-associated JAK1 mutants. Statistical analysis revealed that mutations affecting the pseudo-kinase and in the kinase domains resulted in a different phosphorylation pathway network compared to mutations involving the FERM and SH2 domains.
Our results support a model in which mutations affecting distinct domains of JAK1 have a differential perturbing effect on JAK1 function and signalling. Characterization of the consequences of leukemia-associated JAK1 mutants on the protein signalling network may help to identify new therapeutic targets for ALL. The present findings further document that functional protein pathway activation mapping using RPMA represents a powerful approach to uncovering mutation-driven events, and elucidating the specific events associated with different mutations within a single protein.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2912. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2912
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Cordeddu V, Di Schiavi E, Pennacchio LA, Ma'ayan A, Sarkozy A, Fodale V, Cecchetti S, Cardinale A, Martin J, Schackwitz W, Lipzen A, Zampino G, Mazzanti L, Digilio MC, Martinelli S, Flex E, Lepri F, Bartholdi D, Kutsche K, Ferrero GB, Anichini C, Selicorni A, Rossi C, Tenconi R, Zenker M, Merlo D, Dallapiccola B, Iyengar R, Bazzicalupo P, Gelb BD, Tartaglia M. Mutation of SHOC2 promotes aberrant protein N-myristoylation and causes Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair. Nat Genet 2009; 41:1022-6. [PMID: 19684605 PMCID: PMC2765465 DOI: 10.1038/ng.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
N-myristoylation is a common form of co-translational protein fatty acylation resulting from the attachment of myristate to a required N-terminal glycine residue.1,2 We show that aberrantly acquired N-myristoylation of SHOC2, a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein that positively modulates RAS-MAPK signal flow,3–6 underlies a clinically distinctive condition of the neuro-cardio-facial-cutaneous disorders family. Twenty-five subjects with a relatively consistent phenotype previously termed Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair [OMIM 607721]7 shared the 4A>G missense change (Ser2Gly) in SHOC2 that introduces an N-myristoylation site, resulting in aberrant targeting of SHOC2 to the plasma membrane and impaired translocation to the nucleus upon growth factor stimulation. Expression of SHOC2S2Gin vitro enhanced MAPK activation in a cell type-specific fashion. Induction of SHOC2S2G in Caenorhabditis elegans engendered protruding vulva, a neomorphic phenotype previously associated with aberrant signaling. These results document the first example of an acquired N-terminal lipid modification of a protein causing human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cordeddu
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Hornakova T, Staerk J, Royer Y, Flex E, Tartaglia M, Constantinescu SN, Knoops L, Renauld JC. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated JAK1 mutants activate the Janus kinase/STAT pathway via interleukin-9 receptor alpha homodimers. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:6773-81. [PMID: 19139102 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807531200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in JAK1 have been reported in acute lymphoblastic leukemias, but little is known about the mechanisms involved in their constitutive activation. Here, we studied the ability of JAK1 V658F and A634D to activate the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT pathway upon ectopic expression in HEK293 cells alone or together with the other components of the interleukin-9 receptor complex (IL-9Ralpha, gammac, and JAK3). Expression of JAK1 mutants alone failed to trigger STAT activation, but co-expression of the IL-9Ralpha chain promoted JAK1 mutant phosphorylation and STAT activation. Mutation of the FERM domain of JAK1, which is critical for cytokine receptor association, or of the single tyrosine of IL-9Ralpha involved in STAT recruitment abolished this activity, indicating that JAK1 mutants need to associate with a functional IL-9Ralpha to activate STAT factors. Several lines of evidence indicated that IL-9Ralpha homodimerization was involved in this process. IL-9Ralpha variants with mutations of the JAK-interacting BOX1 region not only failed to promote JAK1 activation but also acted as dominant negative forms reverting the effect of wild-type IL-9Ralpha. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments also showed the formation of IL-9Ralpha homodimers. Interestingly, STAT activation was partially inhibited by expression of gammac, suggesting that overlapping residues are involved in IL-9Ralpha homodimerization and IL-9Ralpha/gammac heterodimerization. Co-expression of wild-type JAK3 partially reverted the inhibition by gammac, indicating that JAK3 cooperates with JAK1 mutants within the IL-9 receptor complex. Similar results were observed with IL-2Rbeta. Taken together, our results show that IL-9Ralpha and IL-2Rbeta homodimers efficiently mediate constitutive activation of ALL-associated JAK1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekla Hornakova
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Martinelli S, Torreri P, Tinti M, Stella L, Bocchinfuso G, Flex E, Grottesi A, Ceccarini M, Palleschi A, Cesareni G, Castagnoli L, Petrucci TC, Gelb BD, Tartaglia M. Diverse driving forces underlie the invariant occurrence of the T42A, E139D, I282V and T468M SHP2 amino acid substitutions causing Noonan and LEOPARD syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:2018-29. [PMID: 18372317 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense PTPN11 mutations cause Noonan and LEOPARD syndromes (NS and LS), two developmental disorders with pleiomorphic phenotypes. PTPN11 encodes SHP2, an SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase functioning as a signal transducer. Generally, different substitutions of a particular amino acid residue are observed in these diseases, indicating that the crucial factor is the residue being replaced. For a few codons, only one substitution is observed, suggesting the possibility of specific roles for the residue introduced. We analyzed the biochemical behavior and ligand-binding properties of all possible substitutions arising from single-base changes affecting codons 42, 139, 279, 282 and 468 to investigate the mechanisms underlying the invariant occurrence of the T42A, E139D and I282V substitutions in NS and the Y279C and T468M changes in LS. Our data demonstrate that the isoleucine-to-valine change at codon 282 is the only substitution at that position perturbing the stability of SHP2's closed conformation without impairing catalysis, while the threonine-to-alanine change at codon 42, but not other substitutions of that residue, promotes increased phosphopeptide-binding affinity. The recognition specificity of the C-SH2 domain bearing the E139D substitution differed substantially from its wild-type counterpart acquiring binding properties similar to those observed for the N-SH2 domain, revealing a novel mechanism of SHP2's functional dysregulation. Finally, while functional selection does not seem to occur for the substitutions at codons 279 and 468, we point to deamination of the methylated cytosine at nucleotide 1403 as the driving factor leading to the high prevalence of the T468M change in LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Flex E, Petrangeli V, Stella L, Chiaretti S, Hornakova T, Knoops L, Ariola C, Fodale V, Clappier E, Paoloni F, Martinelli S, Fragale A, Sanchez M, Tavolaro S, Messina M, Cazzaniga G, Camera A, Pizzolo G, Tornesello A, Vignetti M, Battistini A, Cavé H, Gelb BD, Renauld JC, Biondi A, Constantinescu SN, Foà R, Tartaglia M. Somatically acquired JAK1 mutations in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:751-8. [PMID: 18362173 PMCID: PMC2292215 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20072182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant signal transduction contributes substantially to leukemogenesis. The Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) gene encodes a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that noncovalently associates with a variety of cytokine receptors and plays a nonredundant role in lymphoid cell precursor proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We report that somatic mutations in JAK1 occur in individuals with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). JAK1 mutations were more prevalent among adult subjects with the T cell precursor ALL, where they accounted for 18% of cases, and were associated with advanced age at diagnosis, poor response to therapy, and overall prognosis. All mutations were missense, and some were predicted to destabilize interdomain interactions controlling the activity of the kinase. Three mutations that were studied promoted JAK1 gain of function and conferred interleukin (IL)-3-independent growth in Ba/F3 cells and/or IL-9-independent resistance to dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in T cell lymphoma BW5147 cells. Such effects were associated with variably enhanced activation of multiple downstream signaling pathways. Leukemic cells with mutated JAK1 alleles shared a gene expression signature characterized by transcriptional up-regulation of genes positively controlled by JAK signaling. Our findings implicate dysregulated JAK1 function in ALL, particularly of T cell origin, and point to this kinase as a target for the development of novel antileukemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Flex
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
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Fiorito M, Torrente I, De Cosmo S, Guida V, Colosimo A, Prudente S, Flex E, Menghini R, Miccoli R, Penno G, Pellegrini F, Tassi V, Federici M, Trischitta V, Dallapiccola B. Interaction of DIO2 T92A and PPARgamma2 P12A polymorphisms in the modulation of metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15:2889-95. [PMID: 18198294 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) converts thyroid prohormone tetraiodothyronine into the biologically active triiodothyronine hormone, which increases insulin sensitivity at the skeletal muscle level. The DIO2 T92A polymorphism modulates deiodinase activity and has been inconsistently associated with insulin resistance. Also, the P121A polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 gene, which encodes a transcription factor involved in insulin signaling, has been inconsistently associated with insulin resistance. This study was aimed at evaluating the combined effect of DIO2 T92A and PPARgamma2 P12A polymorphisms on insulin resistance-related features in 590 non-diabetic whites. A significant gene-gene interaction was observed in the modulation of systolic (p = 0.01) and diastolic (p = 0.02) blood pressure and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.02), with carriers of both DIO2 A92 and PPARgamma2 A12 variants showing the worst phenotype. This latter interaction was also shown by multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis (p = 0.0045). A peroxisome proliferator response element in the DIO2 promoter was identified by in silico analysis and confirmed by in vitro gel shift mobility assay, thus providing a biological plausibility for the observed gene-gene interaction. If confirmed in other populations, comprising several thousand individuals, these data may help identify individuals at risk for insulin resistance-related abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Fiorito
- CSS-Mendel Institute, viale Regina Margherita, 261, 00198 Roma, Italy
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Prudente S, Flex E, Morini E, Turchi F, Capponi D, De Cosmo S, Tassi V, Guida V, Avogaro A, Folli F, Maiani F, Frittitta L, Dallapiccola B, Trischitta V. A functional variant of the adipocyte glycerol channel aquaporin 7 gene is associated with obesity and related metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes 2007; 56:1468-74. [PMID: 17351148 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin 7 (AQP7), the gateway protein controlling glycerol release, has recently emerged as a modulator of adipocyte metabolism. AQP7 knockout mice develop obesity and hyperglycemia. The contribution of AQP7 to these abnormalities in humans is unknown. We examined whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AQP7 gene modulate the risk of obesity and related abnormalities. Among several SNPs we identified, A-953G in the AQP7 promoter was associated with type 2 diabetes in 977 (530 female/447 male) Caucasians: odds ratio for XG (i.e., AG+GG) versus AA individuals was 1.36 (95% CI 1.01-1.84), P = 0.04. This finding was entirely due to the association among females (1.8 [1.2-2.6], P = 0.004), which was no longer significant when adjusted for BMI. In fact, BMI was higher in XG than in AA females (30.8 +/- 6.6 vs. 28.9 +/- 5.2, P = 0.002). This association was confirmed in independent case-control study (n = 299 female subjects) for morbid obesity (1.66 [1.01-2.74], P = 0.04). Luciferase and mobility shift assays showed that, compared with -953A, the -953G promoter had reduced transcriptional activity (P = 0.001) and impaired ability to bind CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)beta transcription factor (P = 0.01). Finally, AQP7 expression in adipose tissue decreased from AA to AG to GG individuals (P = 0.036). These data strongly suggest that AQP7 downregulation is pathogenic for obesity and/or type 2 diabetes.
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Bocchinfuso G, Stella L, Martinelli S, Flex E, Carta C, Pantaleoni F, Pispisa B, Venanzi M, Tartaglia M, Palleschi A. Structural and functional effects of disease-causing amino acid substitutions affecting residues Ala72 and Glu76 of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. Proteins 2006; 66:963-74. [PMID: 17177198 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 are implicated in human diseases, causing Noonan syndrome (NS) and related developmental disorders or contributing to leukemogenesis depending on the specific amino acid substitution involved. SHP-2 is composed by a catalytic (PTP) and two regulatory (N-SH2 and C-SH2) domains that bind to signaling partners and control the enzymatic activity by limiting the accessibility of the catalytic site. Wild type SHP-2 and four disease-associated mutants recurring in hematologic malignancies (Glu76Lys and Ala72Val) or causing NS (Glu76Asp and Ala72Ser), with affected residues located in the PTP-interacting region of the N-SH2 domain, were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro biochemical assays. Simulations demonstrate that mutations do not affect significantly the conformation of the N-SH2 domain. Rather they destabilize the interaction of this domain with the catalytic site, with more evident effects in the two leukemia associated mutants. Consistent with this structural evidence, mutants exhibit an increased level of basal phosphatase activity in the order Glu76Lys > Ala72Val > Glu76Asp > Ala72Ser > WT. The experimental data also show that the mutants with higher basal activity are more responsive to an activating phosphopeptide. A thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that an increase in the overall phosphopeptide affinity of mutants can be explained by a shift in the equilibrium between the inactive and active SHP-2 structure. These data support the view that an increase in the affinity of SHP-2 for its binding partners, caused by destabilization of the closed, inactive conformation, rather than protein basal activation per se, would represent the molecular mechanism, leading to pathogenesis in these mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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