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Porta F, Siri B, Chiesa N, Ricci F, Nika L, Sciortino P, Spada M. SLC25A19 deficiency and bilateral striatal necrosis with polyneuropathy: a new case and review of the literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:261-266. [PMID: 33544541 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biallelic mutations in the SLC25A19 gene impair the function of the thiamine mitochondrial carrier, leading to two distinct clinical phenotypes. Homozygosity for the c.530G > C mutation is invariably associated to Amish lethal microcephaly. The second phenotype, reported only in 8 patients homozygous for different non-Amish mutations (c.373G > A, c.580T > C, c.910G > A, c.869T > A, c.576G > C), is characterized by bilateral striatal necrosis and peripheral polyneuropathy. We report a new patient with the non-Amish SLC25A19 phenotype showing compound heterozygosity for the new variant c.673G > A and the known mutation c.373G > A. CASE PRESENTATION The natural history of non-Amish SLC25A19 deficiency is characterized by acute episodes of fever-induced encephalopathy accompanied by isolated lactic acidosis and Leigh-like features at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Acute episodes are prevented by high-dose thiamine treatment (600 mg/day). As shown in the new case, both mild clinical signs and basal ganglia involvement can precede the acute encephalopathic onset of the disease, potentially allowing treatment anticipation and prevention of acute brain damage. Peripheral axonal neuropathy, observed in 7 out of 9 patients, is not improved by thiamine therapy. In two early treated patients, however, peripheral neuropathy did not occur even on long-term follow-up, suggesting a potential preventive role of treatment anticipation also at the peripheral level. CONCLUSIONS Non-Amish SLC25A19 deficiency is an extra-rare cause of Leigh syndrome responsive to thiamine treatment. Ex adiuvantibus thiamine treatment is mandatory in any patient with Leigh-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Siri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Chiesa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lulash Nika
- Department of Neuroradiology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Sciortino
- Department of Neuroradiology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Porta F, Chiesa N, Martinelli D, Spada M. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular spectrum of short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: two new cases and review of literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:101-108. [PMID: 30730842 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism with uncertain clinical significance. As it leads to C5-carnitine (i.e. isovalerylcarnitine, 2methylbutyrilcarnitine, or pivaloylcarnitine) elevation, SBCAD deficiency is detectable at newborn screening, requiring differential diagnosis from isovaleric acidemia and pivalic acid administration. Increased urinary excretion of 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG) is the hallmark of SBCAD deficiency. Methods We report two cases of SBCAD deficiency and provide a review of the available literature on this condition. Results Two siblings newly diagnosed with SBCAD deficiency are reported. Newborn screening allowed the early diagnosis in the second-born (C5=0.5 μmol/L, normal 0.05-0.3 μmol/L) and addressed selective screening in the 5-year asymptomatic brother (C5=1.9 μmol/L). Both patients showed increased urinary excretion of 2MBG and two mutations in the ACADSB gene (c.443C>T/c.1145C>T). Currently, both the patients are asymptomatic. Longitudinal biochemical monitoring of the two patients while on treatment with carnitine (100 mg/kg/day) was provided. Based on our experience and the literature review (162 patients), SBCAD deficiency is symptomatic in about 10% of reported patients. Clinical onset occurs in newborns or later in life with seizures, developmental delay, hypotonia, and failure to thrive. On longitudinal follow-up, epilepsy, developmental delay, microcephaly, and autism can develop. Acute metabolic decompensation due to catabolic stressors can occur, as observed in one newly reported patient. Fifteen mutations in the ACADSB gene are known, including the newly identified variant c.1145C>T (p.Thr382Met), variably associated to the phenotype. In the Hmong population, SBCAD deficiency is highly prevalent, mostly due to the founder mutation c.1165A>G, and is largely asymptomatic. Conclusions Although mostly asymptomatic, considering SBCAD deficiency as a non-disease in non-Hmong subjects appears unsafe. Catabolic situations can precipitate acute metabolic decompensation. Carnitine supplementation and valproate avoidance appear to be indicated. Providing an emergency protocol for the management of acute catabolic episodes seems reasonable in asymptomatic patients with SBCAD deficiency. Longitudinal follow-up is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Underwood SC, Guerschberg K, Chiesa N, Puente J. The contribution of dogs and other animals to social inclusion programmes. REV SCI TECH OIE 2018; 37:231-237. [PMID: 30209415 DOI: 10.20506/rst.37.1.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal-assisted interventions refer to any intervention that intentionally includes or incorporates animals as part of a therapeutic, palliative, educational, psychoeducational or recreational process or milieu. The Faculty of Veterinary Science of the University of Buenos Aires began work on this issue in 1996 and gradually incorporated outreach, research and teaching projects, undertaking several stages of institutionalisation and reconceptionalisation that led, in 2014, to the creation of an open chair in animal-assisted interventions. This article aims to introduce the discipline, with special emphasis on its potential as a means of promoting inclusion, and to present a specific case of work with dogs, which began in 2009 with the non-profit organisation Senderos del Sembrador (Trails of the Sower) for people with an intellectual disability who are in great need of support. This article describes how the contact with dogs was systematised, along with outcomes, challenges and difficulties, and how leisure came to be used as a means of promoting inclusion and altering the preconceptions of people without disabilities. Finally, in reflecting on practices, the project evolved from a treatment plan for rehabilitating people with disabilities into a space for effective social inclusion that gradually changed the perceptions and practices of all participants.
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Crescenzo R, Abate F, Lasorsa E, Tabbo' F, Gaudiano M, Chiesa N, Di Giacomo F, Spaccarotella E, Barbarossa L, Ercole E, Todaro M, Boi M, Acquaviva A, Ficarra E, Novero D, Rinaldi A, Tousseyn T, Rosenwald A, Kenner L, Cerroni L, Tzankov A, Ponzoni M, Paulli M, Weisenburger D, Chan WC, Iqbal J, Piris MA, Zamo' A, Ciardullo C, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Pileri S, Tiacci E, Falini B, Shultz LD, Mevellec L, Vialard JE, Piva R, Bertoni F, Rabadan R, Inghirami G. Convergent mutations and kinase fusions lead to oncogenic STAT3 activation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:516-32. [PMID: 25873174 PMCID: PMC5898430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A systematic characterization of the genetic alterations driving ALCLs has not been performed. By integrating massive sequencing strategies, we provide a comprehensive characterization of driver genetic alterations (somatic point mutations, copy number alterations, and gene fusions) in ALK(-) ALCLs. We identified activating mutations of JAK1 and/or STAT3 genes in ∼20% of 88 [corrected] ALK(-) ALCLs and demonstrated that 38% of systemic ALK(-) ALCLs displayed double lesions. Recurrent chimeras combining a transcription factor (NFkB2 or NCOR2) with a tyrosine kinase (ROS1 or TYK2) were also discovered in WT JAK1/STAT3 ALK(-) ALCL. All these aberrations lead to the constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway, which was proved oncogenic. Consistently, JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibition impaired cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Crescenzo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Francesco Abate
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedical Informatics and Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elena Lasorsa
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tabbo'
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marcello Gaudiano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nicoletta Chiesa
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Filomena Di Giacomo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Spaccarotella
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Barbarossa
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ercole
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Todaro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Michela Boi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andrea Acquaviva
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Ficarra
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Domenico Novero
- Department of Pathology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza (Molinette), 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Lab, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwing Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Cerroni
- Research Unit Dermatopathology of the Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology & Lymphoid Malignancies Units, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Paulli
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Pavia and Scientific Institute Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Cancer Genomics, Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla and Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Zamo'
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Carmela Ciardullo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Pileri
- European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milano, Italy; Bologna University School of Medicine, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Tiacci
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Onco-Ematologiche (CREO), Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Onco-Ematologiche (CREO), Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Laurence Mevellec
- Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen-Cilag, Campus de Maigremont, CS10615, 27106 Val-de-Reuil Cedex, France
| | - Jorge E Vialard
- Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Roberto Piva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pathology and NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Mussa A, Russo S, De Crescenzo A, Chiesa N, Molinatto C, Selicorni A, Richiardi L, Larizza L, Silengo MC, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. Prevalence of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in North West of Italy. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2481-6. [PMID: 23918458 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS, OMIM #130650) is the most common genetic overgrowth disorder, data on its epidemiology are scanty and the estimates of its occurrence show wide variability. The aim of this study is to assess its prevalence in Piedmont Region (Italy). We included in the study all patients diagnosed with BWS born in Piedmont from 1997 to 2009 through a search in the Italian Registry for Rare Diseases. This source was further validated with data from the network of Regional Clinical Genetics services and surveys in extra-regional Clinical Genetics centres, laboratories and the Italian BWS patients association. All cases were further ascertained through physical exam, medical history and specific molecular tests. The search identified 46 clear-cut cases of BWS born across the 13-year period, providing a prevalence of 1:10 340 live births (95% confidence interval 1:7,752-13,698 live births). Among the 41 patients who underwent molecular tests, 70.7% were positive, showing hypomethylation of the IC2 imprinting center (29.3%), paternal chromosome 11 uniparental disomy (pUPD11, 24.4%), IC1 hypermethylation (14.6%), CDKN1c mutation (2.4%), whereas 29.3% had negative molecular tests. The study provides an approximate BWS prevalence of 1:10,000 live birth, the highest reported to date.
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Mussa A, Peruzzi L, Chiesa N, De Crescenzo A, Russo S, Melis D, Tarani L, Baldassarre G, Larizza L, Riccio A, Silengo M, Ferrero GB. Nephrological findings and genotype-phenotype correlation in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:397-406. [PMID: 22015620 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-2009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), an overgrowth disorder with several congenital abnormalities, encompasses nephrourological anomalies. The objective of the report is to analyze the latter and related genotype-phenotype correlations. The study was a retrospective review of nephrourological investigations and genotype in 67 BWS patients. Imaging and laboratory studies have been correlated with the molecular anomalies typical of BWS. Thirty-eight (56.7%) patients had a total of 61 nonmalignant nephrourological findings, including nephromegaly (n = 24), collecting system abnormalities (n = 14), cryptorchidism (n = 11), nephrolithiasis (n = 5), cysts (n = 5), and dysplasia (n = 1). Four patients had Wilms' tumor, all associated with renal hyperplasia. Renal findings were almost consistent in the BWS(IC1) group, with nephromegaly in all patients and collecting system abnormalities in half of them. BWS(UPD) and negative patients also had frequent anomalies (63.6% and 61.9% respectively), whereas only 36.0% of BWS(IC2) had renal findings (p = 0.003). Cryptorchidism was associated with abdominal wall defects (p < 0.001) appearing more frequently in BWS(IC2) (p = 0.028). Urinary tract infections were observed in 17.9% of patients, with two resulting in life-threatening sepsis. Hypercalciuria was present in 10% of cases. 55.5% of BWS patients have renal findings. Although variegate, these anomalies disclose a genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy
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Ferrero GB, Picco G, Baldassarre G, Flex E, Isella C, Cantarella D, Corà D, Chiesa N, Crescenzio N, Timeus F, Merla G, Mazzanti L, Zampino G, Rossi C, Silengo M, Tartaglia M, Medico E. Transcriptional hallmarks of Noonan syndrome and Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:703-9. [PMID: 22253195 PMCID: PMC3332054 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is among the most common nonchromosomal disorders affecting development and growth. NS is genetically heterogeneous, being caused by germline mutations affecting various genes implicated in the RAS signaling network. This network transduces extracellular signals into intracellular biochemical and transcriptional responses controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and senescence. To explore the transcriptional consequences of NS-causing mutations, we performed global mRNA expression profiling on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 23 NS patients carrying heterozygous mutations in PTPN11 or SOS1. Gene expression profiling was also resolved in five subjects with Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NS/LAH), a condition clinically related to NS and caused by an invariant mutation in SHOC2. Robust transcriptional signatures were found to specifically discriminate each of the three mutation groups from 21 age- and sex-matched controls. Despite the only partial overlap in terms of gene composition, the three signatures showed a notable concordance in terms of biological processes and regulatory circuits affected. These data establish expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a powerful tool to appreciate differential perturbations driven by germline mutations of transducers involved in RAS signaling and to dissect molecular mechanisms underlying NS and other RASopathies. Hum Mutat 33:703–709, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Chiesa N, De Crescenzo A, Mishra K, Perone L, Carella M, Palumbo O, Mussa A, Sparago A, Cerrato F, Russo S, Lapi E, Cubellis MV, Kanduri C, Cirillo Silengo M, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. The KCNQ1OT1 imprinting control region and non-coding RNA: new properties derived from the study of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Silver-Russell syndrome cases. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:10-25. [PMID: 21920939 PMCID: PMC3235007 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A cluster of imprinted genes at chromosome 11p15.5 is associated with the growth disorders, Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). The cluster is divided into two domains with independent imprinting control regions (ICRs). We describe two maternal 11p15.5 microduplications with contrasting phenotypes. The first is an inverted and in cis duplication of the entire 11p15.5 cluster associated with the maintenance of genomic imprinting and with the SRS phenotype. The second is a 160 kb duplication also inverted and in cis, but resulting in the imprinting alteration of the centromeric domain. It includes the centromeric ICR (ICR2) and the most 5′ 20 kb of the non-coding KCNQ1OT1 gene. Its maternal transmission is associated with ICR2 hypomethylation and the BWS phenotype. By excluding epigenetic mosaicism, cell clones analysis indicated that the two closely located ICR2 sequences resulting from the 160 kb duplication carried discordant DNA methylation on the maternal chromosome and supported the hypothesis that the ICR2 sequence is not sufficient for establishing imprinted methylation and some other property, possibly orientation-dependent, is needed. Furthermore, the 1.2 Mb duplication demonstrated that all features are present for correct imprinting at ICR2 when this is duplicated and inverted within the entire cluster. In the individuals maternally inheriting the 160 kb duplication, ICR2 hypomethylation led to the expression of a truncated KCNQ1OT1 transcript and to down-regulation of CDKN1C. We demonstrated by chromatin RNA immunopurification that the KCNQ1OT1 RNA interacts with chromatin through its most 5′ 20 kb sequence, providing a mechanism likely mediating the silencing activity of this long non-coding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell’Adolescenza, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Mussa A, Chiesa N, Porta F, Baldassarre G, Silengo MC, Ferrero GB. The overlap between Sotos and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes. J Pediatr 2010; 156:1035-1036. [PMID: 20394943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mussa
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Porta
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Silengo M, Belligni E, Molinatto C, Baldassarre G, Baldassare G, Biamino E, Chiesa N, Zuffardi O, Girirajan S, Eichler EE, Ferrero GB. Eyebrow anomalies as a diagnostic sign of genomic disorders. Clin Genet 2010; 77:28-31. [PMID: 20092588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletions and microduplications in the human genome, termed genomic disorders, contribute to a high proportion of human multisystemic neurodevelopmental diseases and are detected by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). In general, most genomic disorders are associated with craniofacial and skeletal features and behavioural abnormalities, in addition to learning disability and developmental delay (LD/DD). Specifically, recognition of a characteristic 'facial gestalt' has been the key to distinguish one genomic disorder from the other. Here, we report our experience concerning the relevance of abnormal eyebrow pattern as a diagnostic indicator of specific genomic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Chiesa N, Barlow C, Wynshaw-Boris A, Strata P, Tempia F. Atm-deficient mice Purkinje cells show age-dependent defects in calcium spike bursts and calcium currents. Neuroscience 2000; 96:575-83. [PMID: 10717437 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia in humans results from homozygous loss-of-function mutations in ATM. Neurological deterioration is the major cause of death in ataxia telangiectasia patients: in the cerebellum, mainly Purkinje cells are affected. We have generated Atm-deficient mice which display neurological abnormalities by several tests of motor function consistent with an abnormality of cerebellar function, but without histological evidence of neuronal degeneration. Here we performed a more detailed morphological analysis and an electrophysiological study on Purkinje cells from Atm-deficient mice of different ages. We found no histological or immunohistochemical abnormalities. Electrophysiology revealed no abnormalities in resting membrane potential, input resistance or anomalous rectification. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the duration of calcium and sodium firing. The calcium deficit became significant between six to eight and 12-20 weeks of age, and appeared to be progressive. By voltage-clamp recording, we found that the firing deficits were due to a significant decrease in calcium currents, while inactivating potassium currents seem unaffected. In other mutant mice, calcium current deficits have been shown to be related to cell death.Our experiments suggest that the electrophysiological defects displayed by Atm-deficient mice are early predegenerative lesions and may be a precursor of Purkinje cell degeneration displayed by ataxia telangiectasia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, Turin, Italy
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Abstract
1. The regular firing of a Hodgkin-Huxley neurone endowed with fast Na+ and delayed K+ channels can be converted into adapting firing by appending HERG (human eag-related gene) channels. 2. The computer model predictions were verified by studying the firing properties of F-11 DRG neurone x neuroblastoma hybrid cells induced to differentiate by long-term exposure to retinoic acid. These cells, which express HERG currents (IHERG), show clear spike-frequency adaptation of their firing when current clamped with long depolarizations. 3. In agreement with the prediction, the selective blocking of IHERG by class III antiarrhythmic drugs always led to the disappearance of the spike-frequency adaptation, and the conversion of adapting firing to regular firing. 4. It is proposed that, in addition to their role in the repolarization of the heart action potential, HERG channels may sustain a process of spike-frequency adaptation, and hence contribute to the control of burst duration in a way that is similar to that of the K+ currents, IAHP, IC and IM. In addition to the known cardiac arrhythmia syndrome (LQT2), genetic mutations or an altered HERG expression could lead to continuous hyperexcitable states sustained by the inability of nerve or endocrine cells to accommodate to repetitive stimuli. This might help in clarifying the pathogenesis of still undefined idiopathic familial epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chiesa
- Department of General Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Milano, Italy
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Epstein LM, Chiesa N, Wong MN, Lee RJ, Griffin JC, Scheinman MM, Lesh MD. Radiofrequency catheter ablation in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia in the elderly. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23:1356-62. [PMID: 8176093 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias in an elderly (> or = 70 years of age) group of patients. BACKGROUND Supraventricular tachycardias are the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia and affect all age groups. Although usually well tolerated in youth, supraventricular tachycardias may be associated with disabling symptoms and have life-threatening potential in the elderly. In addition, antiarrhythmic agents are less well tolerated and may be associated with a higher incidence of toxicity in the elderly. METHODS From May 1989 to March 1993, 454 patients underwent a radiofrequency catheter ablation procedure at the University of California, San Francisco, for the treatment of symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. Sixty-seven of these patients were > or = 70 years of age and constituted the study group. Patients underwent one of the following catheter ablation procedures: complete atrioventricular (AV) junctional ablation for ventricular rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation (37 patients), AV node modification for the treatment of AV node reentrant tachycardia (17 patients), accessory pathway ablation (9 patients), ablation of the "slow zone" to cure atrial flutter (4 patients) and atrial tachycardia ablation (1 patient). One patient underwent ablation for both AV node reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter. RESULTS Success was achieved in 67 (98.5%) of 68 ablation procedures. There were no procedural or early deaths. The overall complication rate was 7.4%, and only one patient (1.5%) had long-term sequelae (permanent cardiac pacing for complete heart block). At a mean (+/- SD) follow-up of 22.1 +/- 12.9 months, 63 (94%) of 67 patients were alive, with no antiarrhythmic agents for the treatment of their presenting arrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS In this series radiofrequency catheter ablation appears to be an effective and safe treatment option for elderly patients (> or = 70 years of age) with a variety of symptomatic, drug-resistant supraventricular tachycardias. Because of the high incidence of severe symptoms associated with tachycardic episodes, the expense and the possible severe proarrhythmic problems associated with antiarrhythmic medications in this age group, catheter ablation may be considered an early rather than a "last resort" treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Epstein
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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