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Rauen KA, Tidyman WE. RASopathies - what they reveal about RAS/MAPK signaling in skeletal muscle development. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050609. [PMID: 38847227 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
RASopathies are rare developmental genetic syndromes caused by germline pathogenic variants in genes that encode components of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway. Although the incidence of each RASopathy syndrome is rare, collectively, they represent one of the largest groups of multiple congenital anomaly syndromes and have severe developmental consequences. Here, we review our understanding of how RAS/MAPK dysregulation in RASopathies impacts skeletal muscle development and the importance of RAS/MAPK pathway regulation for embryonic myogenesis. We also discuss the complex interactions of this pathway with other intracellular signaling pathways in the regulation of skeletal muscle development and growth, and the opportunities that RASopathy animal models provide for exploring the use of pathway inhibitors, typically used for cancer treatment, to correct the unique skeletal myopathy caused by the dysregulation of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- University of California Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William E Tidyman
- University of California Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Jänes J, Müller M, Selvaraj S, Manoel D, Stephenson J, Gonçalves C, Lafita A, Polacco B, Obernier K, Alasoo K, Lemos MC, Krogan N, Martin M, Saraiva LR, Burke D, Beltrao P. Predicted mechanistic impacts of human protein missense variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596373. [PMID: 38854010 PMCID: PMC11160786 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Genome sequencing efforts have led to the discovery of tens of millions of protein missense variants found in the human population with the majority of these having no annotated role and some likely contributing to trait variation and disease. Sequence-based artificial intelligence approaches have become highly accurate at predicting variants that are detrimental to the function of proteins but they do not inform on mechanisms of disruption. Here we combined sequence and structure-based methods to perform proteome-wide prediction of deleterious variants with information on their impact on protein stability, protein-protein interactions and small-molecule binding pockets. AlphaFold2 structures were used to predict approximately 100,000 small-molecule binding pockets and stability changes for over 200 million variants. To inform on protein-protein interfaces we used AlphaFold2 to predict structures for nearly 500,000 protein complexes. We illustrate the value of mechanism-aware variant effect predictions to study the relation between protein stability and abundance and the structural properties of interfaces underlying trans protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs). We characterised the distribution of mechanistic impacts of protein variants found in patients and experimentally studied example disease linked variants in FGFR1.
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Galosi S, Mancini C, Commone A, Calligari P, Caputo V, Nardecchia F, Carducci C, van den Heuvel LP, Pizzi S, Bruselles A, Niceta M, Martinelli S, Rodenburg RJ, Tartaglia M, Leuzzi V. Biallelic Variants of MRPS36 Cause a New Form of Leigh Syndrome. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38685873 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MRPS36 gene encodes a recently identified component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), a key enzyme of the Krebs cycle catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA. Defective OGDHC activity causes a clinically variable metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, severe neurological impairment, liver failure, and early-onset lactic acidosis. METHODS We investigated the molecular cause underlying Leigh syndrome with bilateral striatal necrosis in two siblings through exome sequencing. Functional studies included measurement of the OGDHC enzymatic activity and MRPS36 mRNA levels in fibroblasts, assessment of protein stability in transfected cells, and structural analysis. A literature review was performed to define the etiological and phenotypic spectrum of OGDHC deficiency. RESULTS In the two affected brothers, exome sequencing identified a homozygous nonsense variant (c.283G>T, p.Glu95*) of MRPS36. The variant did not affect transcript processing and stability, nor protein levels, but resulted in a shorter protein lacking nine residues that contribute to the structural and functional organization of the OGDHC complex. OGDHC enzymatic activity was significantly reduced. The review of previously reported cases of OGDHC deficiency supports the association of this enzymatic defect with Leigh phenotypic spectrum and early-onset movement disorder. Slightly elevated plasma levels of glutamate and glutamine were observed in our and literature patients with OGDHC defect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to MRPS36 as a new disease gene implicated in Leigh syndrome. The slight elevation of plasma levels of glutamate and glutamine observed in patients with OGDHC deficiency represents a candidate metabolic signature of this neurometabolic disorder. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Commone
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Carducci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lambertus P van den Heuvel
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Rodríguez-Martín M, Báez-Flores J, Ribes V, Isidoro-García M, Lacal J, Prieto-Matos P. Non-Mammalian Models for Understanding Neurological Defects in RASopathies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:841. [PMID: 38672195 PMCID: PMC11048513 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RASopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental congenital disorders stemming from mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway, present a unique opportunity to delve into the intricacies of complex neurological disorders. Afflicting approximately one in a thousand newborns, RASopathies manifest as abnormalities across multiple organ systems, with a pronounced impact on the central and peripheral nervous system. In the pursuit of understanding RASopathies' neurobiology and establishing phenotype-genotype relationships, in vivo non-mammalian models have emerged as indispensable tools. Species such as Danio rerio, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus species and Gallus gallus embryos have proven to be invaluable in shedding light on the intricate pathways implicated in RASopathies. Despite some inherent weaknesses, these genetic models offer distinct advantages over traditional rodent models, providing a holistic perspective on complex genetics, multi-organ involvement, and the interplay among various pathway components, offering insights into the pathophysiological aspects of mutations-driven symptoms. This review underscores the value of investigating the genetic basis of RASopathies for unraveling the underlying mechanisms contributing to broader neurological complexities. It also emphasizes the pivotal role of non-mammalian models in serving as a crucial preliminary step for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rodríguez-Martín
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (J.B.-F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
| | - Juan Báez-Flores
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (J.B.-F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
| | - Vanessa Ribes
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Clinical Rare Diseases Reference Unit DiERCyL, 37007 Castilla y León, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (J.B.-F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
| | - Pablo Prieto-Matos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
- Clinical Rare Diseases Reference Unit DiERCyL, 37007 Castilla y León, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostics Science, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Fasano G, Petrini S, Bonavolontà V, Paradisi G, Pedalino C, Tartaglia M, Lauri A. Assessment of the FRET-based Teen sensor to monitor ERK activation changes preceding morphological defects in a RASopathy zebrafish model and phenotypic rescue by MEK inhibitor. Mol Med 2024; 30:47. [PMID: 38594640 PMCID: PMC11005195 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RASopathies are genetic syndromes affecting development and having variable cancer predisposition. These disorders are clinically related and are caused by germline mutations affecting key players and regulators of the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway generally leading to an upregulated ERK activity. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in PTPN11, encoding SHP2, a cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase positively controlling RAS function, underlie approximately 50% of Noonan syndromes (NS), the most common RASopathy. A different class of these activating mutations occurs as somatic events in childhood leukemias. METHOD Here, we evaluated the application of a FRET-based zebrafish ERK reporter, Teen, and used quantitative FRET protocols to monitor non-physiological RASopathy-associated changes in ERK activation. In a multi-level experimental workflow, we tested the suitability of the Teen reporter to detect pan-embryo ERK activity correlates of morphometric alterations driven by the NS-causing Shp2D61G allele. RESULTS Spectral unmixing- and acceptor photobleaching (AB)-FRET analyses captured pathological ERK activity preceding the manifestation of quantifiable body axes defects, a morphological pillar used to test the strength of SHP2 GoF mutations. Last, the work shows that by multi-modal FRET analysis, we can quantitatively trace back the modulation of ERK phosphorylation obtained by low-dose MEK inhibitor treatment to early development, before the onset of morphological defects. CONCLUSION This work proves the usefulness of FRET imaging protocols on both live and fixed Teen ERK reporter fish to readily monitor and quantify pharmacologically- and genetically-induced ERK activity modulations in early embryos, representing a useful tool in pre-clinical applications targeting RAS-MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fasano
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Microscopy facility, Research laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Valeria Bonavolontà
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Paradisi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
- Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Catia Pedalino
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy.
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy.
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Liu S, Nam HS, Zeng Z, Deng X, Pashaei E, Zang Y, Yang L, Li C, Huang J, Wendt MK, Lu X, Huang R, Wan J. CDHu40: a novel marker gene set of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587205. [PMID: 38585861 PMCID: PMC10996696 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer affecting American men. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) can emerge during hormone therapy for PCa, manifesting with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, continued disease progression, and/or metastasis to the new sites, resulting in a poor prognosis. A subset of CRPC patients shows a neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype, signifying reduced or no reliance on androgen receptor (AR) signaling and a particularly unfavorable prognosis. In this study, we incorporated computational approaches based on both gene expression profiles and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We identified 500 potential marker genes, which are significantly enriched in cell cycle and neuronal processes. The top 40 candidates, collectively named as CDHu40, demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing NE prostate cancer (NEPC) and non-NEPC samples based on gene expression profiles compared to other published marker sets. Notably, some novel marker genes in CDHu40, absent in the other marker sets, have been reported to be associated with NEPC in the literature, such as DDC, FOLH1, BEX1, MAST1, and CACNA1A. Importantly, elevated CDHu40 scores derived from our predictive model showed a robust correlation with unfavorable survival outcomes in patients, indicating the potential of the CDHu40 score as a promising indicator for predicting the survival prognosis of those patients with the NE phenotype. Motif enrichment analysis on the top candidates suggests that REST and E2F6 may serve as key regulators in the NEPC progression. Significance our study integrates gene expression variances in multiple NEPC studies and protein-protein interaction network to pinpoint a specific set of NEPC maker genes namely CDHu40. These genes and scores based on their gene expression levels effectively distinguish NEPC samples and underscore the clinical prognostic significance and potential mechanism.
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Brugger M, Lauri A, Zhen Y, Gramegna LL, Zott B, Sekulić N, Fasano G, Kopajtich R, Cordeddu V, Radio FC, Mancini C, Pizzi S, Paradisi G, Zanni G, Vasco G, Carrozzo R, Palombo F, Tonon C, Lodi R, La Morgia C, Arelin M, Blechschmidt C, Finck T, Sørensen V, Kreiser K, Strobl-Wildemann G, Daum H, Michaelson-Cohen R, Ziccardi L, Zampino G, Prokisch H, Abou Jamra R, Fiorini C, Arzberger T, Winkelmann J, Caporali L, Carelli V, Stenmark H, Tartaglia M, Wagner M. Bi-allelic variants in SNF8 cause a disease spectrum ranging from severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy to syndromic optic atrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:594-613. [PMID: 38423010 PMCID: PMC10940020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is essential for membrane remodeling and autophagy and it comprises three multi-subunit complexes (ESCRT I-III). We report nine individuals from six families presenting with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative features caused by bi-allelic variants in SNF8 (GenBank: NM_007241.4), encoding the ESCRT-II subunit SNF8. The phenotypic spectrum included four individuals with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, massive reduction of white matter, hypo-/aplasia of the corpus callosum, neurodevelopmental arrest, and early death. A second cohort shows a milder phenotype with intellectual disability, childhood-onset optic atrophy, or ataxia. All mildly affected individuals shared the same hypomorphic variant, c.304G>A (p.Val102Ile). In patient-derived fibroblasts, bi-allelic SNF8 variants cause loss of ESCRT-II subunits. Snf8 loss of function in zebrafish results in global developmental delay and altered embryo morphology, impaired optic nerve development, and reduced forebrain size. In vivo experiments corroborated the pathogenicity of the tested SNF8 variants and their variable impact on embryo development, validating the observed clinical heterogeneity. Taken together, we conclude that loss of ESCRT-II due to bi-allelic SNF8 variants is associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative phenotypes mediated likely via impairment of the autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Brugger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Yan Zhen
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura L Gramegna
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuroimmagini Funzionali e Molecolari, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedikt Zott
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolina Sekulić
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Norway
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Viviana Cordeddu
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Paradisi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Unit of Developmental Neurology Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Department of Neurorehabilitation and Robotics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Tonon
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuroimmagini Funzionali e Molecolari, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuroimmagini Funzionali e Molecolari, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Arelin
- Department for Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospitals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Tom Finck
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vigdis Sørensen
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kornelia Kreiser
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rehabilitation and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Hagit Daum
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Michaelson-Cohen
- Department of Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Medical Genetics Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudio Fiorini
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology, LMU Center for Development and Children with Medical Complexity, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Qi G, Li S, Jiang Q, Yu Z, Peng Z, Li Q, Qi W, Guo M. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation to explore the effect and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine for spinal cord injury. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102386. [PMID: 38176475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in treating Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) using network pharmacology analysis and animal experiments. METHODS This study was based on public databases, including PharmMapper, BATMAN-TCM, and STRING, as well as KEGG pathway analysis and other methods of network pharmacology were used to preliminarily explore the molecular mechanism of TMP in the treatment of SCI. Using a mouse SCI compression injury model, the efficacy of TMP was evaluated, and the expression of predictive targets on the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways was measured using Western blotting and q-PCR. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis showed that TMP may exert therapeutic effects through the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In animal experimental validation studies, it was shown that after treatment with TMP, the hind limb motor function scores and ramp test scores of the TMP-treated mice improved significantly. HE staining showed that after treatment with TMP, cavities decreased, fewer glial cells proliferated, and fewer inflammatory cells infiltrated; Nielsen staining showed less neuronal loss. Western blot studies showed that compared with the model group, expression of RAS, ERK1/2, RAF1, PI3K, and p-AKT proteins in the spinal cord tissue of mice treated with high-dose TMP was significantly lower. Accordingly, q-PCR studies showed that compared with the model group, the expression levels of RAS, ERK1/2, RAF1, PI3K, and p-AKT genes in the spinal cords of mice in the high-dose TMP group were significantly lower. CONCLUSION TMP exhibits a good neuroprotective effect after SCI, which may be related to inhibition of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Qi
- Chongqing Orthopedic Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Orthopedics Department, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijuan Yu
- Chongqing Erlang Community Health Service Center, Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenggang Peng
- Chongqing Orthopedic Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Orthopedics Department, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiurui Li
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Chongqing Orthopedic Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Orthopedics Department, Chongqing, China.
| | - Mingjun Guo
- Chongqing Orthopedic Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Orthopedics Department, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Zhang B, Qu Z, Hui H, He B, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Yan L. Exploring the therapeutic potential of isoorientin in the treatment of osteoporosis: a study using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Mol Med 2024; 30:27. [PMID: 38378457 PMCID: PMC10880252 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoorientin (ISO) is a glycosylated flavonoid with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, its effects on bone metabolism remain largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ISO on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in vitro and bone loss in post-ovariectomy (OVX) rats, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanism. First, network pharmacology analysis indicated that MAPK1 and AKT1 may be potential therapeutic targets of ISO and that ISO has potential regulatory effects on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathways, as well as oxidative stress. ISO was added to RAW264.7 cells stimulated by RANKL, and its effects on osteoclast differentiation were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TRAP activity measurement, and F-actin ring analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in osteoclasts was detected using a ROS assay kit. The effects of ISO on RANKL-triggered molecular cascade response were further investigated by Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the therapeutic effects of ISO were evaluated in vivo. RESULTS ISO inhibited osteoclastogenesis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ISO downregulated the expression of the main transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathways. Moreover, ISO exhibited protective effects in OVX-induced bone loss rats. This was consistent with the results derived from network pharmacology. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic utility of ISO in the management of osteoclast-associated bone diseases, including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zechao Qu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hua Hui
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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10
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Yamamoto S, Kanca O, Wangler MF, Bellen HJ. Integrating non-mammalian model organisms in the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases in humans. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:46-60. [PMID: 37491400 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technology has rapidly accelerated the discovery of genetic variants of interest in individuals with rare diseases. However, showing that these variants are causative of the disease in question is complex and may require functional studies. Use of non-mammalian model organisms - mainly fruitflies (Drosophila melanogaster), nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) - enables the rapid and cost-effective assessment of the effects of gene variants, which can then be validated in mammalian model organisms such as mice and in human cells. By probing mechanisms of gene action and identifying interacting genes and proteins in vivo, recent studies in these non-mammalian model organisms have facilitated the diagnosis of numerous genetic diseases and have enabled the screening and identification of therapeutic options for patients. Studies in non-mammalian model organisms have also shown that the biological processes underlying rare diseases can provide insight into more common mechanisms of disease and the biological functions of genes. Here, we discuss the opportunities afforded by non-mammalian model organisms, focusing on flies, worms and fish, and provide examples of their use in the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Mosharaf MP, Alam K, Gow J, Mahumud RA. Exploration of key drug target proteins highlighting their related regulatory molecules, functional pathways and drug candidates associated with delirium: evidence from meta-data analyses. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:767. [PMID: 37993790 PMCID: PMC10666371 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a prevalent neuropsychiatric medical phenomenon that causes serious emergency outcomes, including mortality and morbidity. It also increases the suffering and the economic burden for families and carers. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of delirium is still unknown, which is a major obstacle to therapeutic development. The modern network-based system biology and multi-omics analysis approach has been widely used to recover the key drug target biomolecules and signaling pathways associated with disease pathophysiology. This study aimed to identify the major drug target hub-proteins associated with delirium, their regulatory molecules with functional pathways, and repurposable drug candidates for delirium treatment. METHODS We used a comprehensive proteomic seed dataset derived from a systematic literature review and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). An integrated multi-omics network-based bioinformatics approach was utilized in this study. The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The gene set enrichment and signaling pathways analysis, the regulatory transcription factors and microRNAs were conducted using delirium-associated genes. Finally, hub-proteins associated repurposable drugs were retrieved from CMap database. RESULTS We have distinguished 11 drug targeted hub-proteins (MAPK1, MAPK3, TP53, JUN, STAT3, SRC, RELA, AKT1, MAPK14, HSP90AA1 and DLG4), 5 transcription factors (FOXC1, GATA2, YY1, TFAP2A and SREBF1) and 6 microRNA (miR-375, miR-17-5, miR-17-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-125a-5p) associated with delirium. The functional enrichment and pathway analysis revealed the cytokines, inflammation, postoperative pain, oxidative stress-associated pathways, developmental biology, shigellosis and cellular senescence which are closely connected with delirium development and the hallmarks of aging. The hub-proteins associated computationally identified repurposable drugs were retrieved from database. The predicted drug molecules including aspirin, irbesartan, ephedrine-(racemic), nedocromil, and guanidine were characterized as anti-inflammatory, stimulating the central nervous system, neuroprotective medication based on the existing literatures. The drug molecules may play an important role for therapeutic development against delirium if they are investigated more extensively through clinical trials and various wet lab experiments. CONCLUSION This study could possibly help future research on investigating the delirium-associated therapeutic target biomarker hub-proteins and repurposed drug compounds. These results will also aid understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of delirium onset and molecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Parvez Mosharaf
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Jeff Gow
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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12
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Shvartsman SY, McFann S, Wühr M, Rubinstein BY. Phase plane dynamics of ERK phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105234. [PMID: 37690685 PMCID: PMC10616409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) controls multiple critical processes in the cell and is deregulated in human cancers, congenital abnormalities, immune diseases, and neurodevelopmental syndromes. Catalytic activity of ERK requires dual phosphorylation by an upstream kinase, in a mechanism that can be described by two sequential Michaelis-Menten steps. The estimation of individual reaction rate constants from kinetic data in the full mechanism has proved challenging. Here, we present an analytically tractable approach to parameter estimation that is based on the phase plane representation of ERK activation and yields two combinations of six reaction rate constants in the detailed mechanism. These combinations correspond to the ratio of the specificities of two consecutive phosphorylations and the probability that monophosphorylated substrate does not dissociate from the enzyme before the second phosphorylation. The presented approach offers a language for comparing the effects of mutations that disrupt ERK activation and function in vivo. As an illustration, we use phase plane representation to analyze dual phosphorylation under heterozygous conditions, when two enzyme variants compete for the same substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Sarah McFann
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Cesaroni CA, Pollazzon M, Mancini C, Rizzi S, Cappelletti C, Pizzi S, Frattini D, Spagnoli C, Caraffi SG, Zuntini R, Trimarchi G, Niceta M, Radio FC, Tartaglia M, Garavelli L, Fusco C. Case report: Expanding the phenotype of FOXP1-related intellectual disability syndrome and hyperkinetic movement disorder in differential diagnosis with epileptic seizures. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1207176. [PMID: 37521304 PMCID: PMC10382204 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1207176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to report on previously unappreciated clinical features associated with FOXP1-related intellectual disability (ID) syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and language delay, with or without autistic features. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to molecularly characterize an individual presenting with ID, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, behavioral problems, and facial dysmorphisms as major features. Results WES allowed us to identify a previously unreported de novo splice site variant, c.1429-1G>T (NM_032682.6), in the FOXP1 gene (OMIM*605515) as the causative event underlying the phenotype. Clinical reassessment of the patient and revision of the literature allowed us to refine the phenotype associated with FOXP1 haploinsufficiency, including hyperkinetic movement disorder and flat angiomas as associated features. Interestingly, the patient also has an asymmetric face and choanal atresia and a novel de novo variant of the CHD7 gene. Conclusion We suggest that FOXP1-related ID syndrome may also predispose to the development of hyperkinetic movement disorders and flat angiomas. These features could therefore require specific management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Cesaroni
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Rizzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Camilla Cappelletti
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Frattini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spagnoli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zuntini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Trimarchi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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14
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Pannone L, Muto V, Nardecchia F, Di Rocco M, Marchei E, Tosato F, Petrini S, Onorato G, Lanza E, Bertuccini L, Manti F, Folli V, Galosi S, Di Schiavi E, Leuzzi V, Tartaglia M, Martinelli S. The recurrent pathogenic Pro890Leu substitution in CLTC causes a generalized defect in synaptic transmission in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1170061. [PMID: 37324589 PMCID: PMC10264582 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1170061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo CLTC mutations underlie a spectrum of early-onset neurodevelopmental phenotypes having developmental delay/intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, and movement disorders (MD) as major clinical features. CLTC encodes the widely expressed heavy polypeptide of clathrin, a major component of the coated vesicles mediating endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and synaptic vesicle recycling. The underlying pathogenic mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we assessed the functional impact of the recurrent c.2669C > T (p.P890L) substitution, which is associated with a relatively mild ID/MD phenotype. Primary fibroblasts endogenously expressing the mutated protein show reduced transferrin uptake compared to fibroblast lines obtained from three unrelated healthy donors, suggesting defective clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In vitro studies also reveal a block in cell cycle transition from G0/G1 to the S phase in patient's cells compared to control cells. To demonstrate the causative role of the p.P890L substitution, the pathogenic missense change was introduced at the orthologous position of the Caenorhabditis elegans gene, chc-1 (p.P892L), via CRISPR/Cas9. The resulting homozygous gene-edited strain displays resistance to aldicarb and hypersensitivity to PTZ, indicating defective release of acetylcholine and GABA by ventral cord motor neurons. Consistently, mutant animals show synaptic vesicle depletion at the sublateral nerve cords, and slightly defective dopamine signaling, highlighting a generalized deficit in synaptic transmission. This defective release of neurotransmitters is associated with their secondary accumulation at the presynaptic membrane. Automated analysis of C. elegans locomotion indicates that chc-1 mutants move slower than their isogenic controls and display defective synaptic plasticity. Phenotypic profiling of chc-1 (+/P892L) heterozygous animals and transgenic overexpression experiments document a mild dominant-negative behavior for the mutant allele. Finally, a more severe phenotype resembling that of chc-1 null mutants is observed in animals harboring the c.3146 T > C substitution (p.L1049P), homologs of the pathogenic c.3140 T > C (p.L1047P) change associated with a severe epileptic phenotype. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into disease mechanisms and genotype-phenotype correlations of CLTC-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pannone
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Muto
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martina Di Rocco
- Department of Human Neuroscience, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Marchei
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tosato
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Onorato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Enrico Lanza
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- D-Tails s.r.l., Rome, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Manti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Folli
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- D-Tails s.r.l., Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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15
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Salzano E, Niceta M, Pizzi S, Radio FC, Busè M, Mercadante F, Barresi S, Ferrara A, Mancini C, Tartaglia M, Piccione M. Case report: Novel compound heterozygosity for pathogenic variants in MED23 in a syndromic patient with postnatal microcephaly. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1090082. [PMID: 36824420 PMCID: PMC9941528 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1090082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic loss-of-function variants in MED23 cause a recessive syndromic intellectual disability condition with or without epilepsy (MRT18). Due to the small number of reported individuals, the clinical phenotype of the disorder has not been fully delineated yet, and the spectrum and frequency of neurologic features have not been fully characterized. Here, we report a 5-year-old girl with compound heterozygous for two additional MED23 variants. Besides global developmental delay, axial hypotonia and peripheral increased muscular tone, absent speech, and generalized tonic seizures, which fit well MRT18, the occurrence of postnatal progressive microcephaly has been here documented. A retrospective assessment of the previously reported clinical data for these subjects confirms the occurrence of postnatal progressive microcephaly as a previously unappreciated feature of the phenotype of MED23-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Salzano
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospitals, Palermo, Italy,*Correspondence: Emanuela Salzano ✉
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martina Busè
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospitals, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Ferrara
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospitals, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Piccione
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospitals, Palermo, Italy,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Yang N, Qi X, Hu J, Teng J, Wang Y, Li C. Exploring the mechanism of astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of multiple system atrophy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32523. [PMID: 36749251 PMCID: PMC9901982 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, it causes functional degradation of multiple organs and systems throughout the body. Astragalus membranaceus (AM), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to improve muscle wasting-related disorders for a long history. In this study, we used network pharmacology and molecular docking to predict the mechanism underlying AM for the treatment of MSA. We screened the active compounds of AM and its related targets, as well as the target proteins of MSA. We made a Venn diagram to obtain the intersecting targets and then constructed a protein-protein interaction network to find the core targets and build an active ingredient-target network map. After subjecting the intersecting targets to gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis, the binding ability of core compounds and core target proteins were validated by molecular docking. A total of 20 eligible compounds and 274 intersecting targets were obtained. The core components of treatment are quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin, and the core targets are TP53, RELA, and TNF. The main biological processes are related to cellular responses and regulation. Molecular functions are mainly associated with apoptosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Molecular docking results show good and standard binding abilities. This study illustrates that AM treats MSA through multiple targets and pathways, and provides a reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xianghua Qi
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Teng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuangeng Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- * Correspondence: Chunlin Li, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China (e-mail: )
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Dobrigna M, Poëa-Guyon S, Rousseau V, Vincent A, Toutain A, Barnier JV. The molecular basis of p21-activated kinase-associated neurodevelopmental disorders: From genotype to phenotype. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123784. [PMID: 36937657 PMCID: PMC10017488 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the identification of numerous genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has reshaped our understanding of their etiology, there are still major obstacles in the way of developing therapeutic solutions for intellectual disability (ID) and other NDDs. These include extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity, rarity of recurrent pathogenic variants, and comorbidity with other psychiatric traits. Moreover, a large intragenic mutational landscape is at play in some NDDs, leading to a broad range of clinical symptoms. Such diversity of symptoms is due to the different effects DNA variations have on protein functions and their impacts on downstream biological processes. The type of functional alterations, such as loss or gain of function, and interference with signaling pathways, has yet to be correlated with clinical symptoms for most genes. This review aims at discussing our current understanding of how the molecular changes of group I p21-activated kinases (PAK1, 2 and 3), which are essential actors of brain development and function; contribute to a broad clinical spectrum of NDDs. Identifying differences in PAK structure, regulation and spatio-temporal expression may help understanding the specific functions of each group I PAK. Deciphering how each variation type affects these parameters will help uncover the mechanisms underlying mutation pathogenicity. This is a prerequisite for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dobrigna
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sandrine Poëa-Guyon
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Véronique Rousseau
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Aline Vincent
- Department of Genetics, EA7450 BioTARGen, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Annick Toutain
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Tours, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Vianney Barnier,
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18
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Zenker M. Clinical overview on RASopathies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:414-424. [PMID: 36428239 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RASopathies comprise a group of clinically overlapping developmental disorders caused by genetic variations affecting components or modulators of the RAS-MAPK signaling cascade, which lead to dysregulation of signal flow through this pathway. Noonan syndrome and the less frequent, clinically related disorders, Costello syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, and Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair are part of the RASopathy spectrum and share a recognizable pattern of multisystem involvement. This review describes the "Noonan syndrome-like" phenotype as a common phenotypic signature of generalized developmental RAS pathway dysregulation. Distinctive features of the different entities are revisited against the background of the understanding of underlying genetic alterations and genotype correlations, which has evolved rapidly during the past 20 years, thereby leading to suggestions regarding the nosology of RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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19
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Onesimo R, Giorgio V, Viscogliosi G, Sforza E, Kuczynska E, Margiotta G, Iademarco M, Proli F, Rigante D, Zampino G, Leoni C. Management of nutritional and gastrointestinal issues in RASopathies: A narrative review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:478-493. [PMID: 36515923 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Noonan, Costello, and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome are neurodevelopmental disorders belonging to the RASopathies, a group of syndromes caused by alterations in the RAS/MAPK pathway. They are characterized by similar clinical features, among which feeding difficulties, growth delay, and gastro-intestinal disorders are frequent, causing pain and discomfort in patients. Hereby, we describe the main nutritional and gastrointestinal issues reported in individuals with RASopathies, specifically in Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome-related disorders, Costello, and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes. Fifty percent of children with Noonan syndrome may experience feeding difficulties that usually have a spontaneous resolution by the second year of life, especially associated to genes different than PTPN11 and SOS1. More severe manifestations often require artificial enteral nutrition in infancy are observed in Costello syndrome, mostly associated to c.34G>A substitution in the HRAS gene. In cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome feeding issues are usually present (90-100% of cases), especially in individuals carrying variants in BRAF, MAP2K1, and MAP2K2 genes, and artificial enteral intervention, even after scholar age, may be required. Moreover, disorders associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility as gastro-esophageal reflux and constipation are commonly reported in all the above-mentioned syndromes. Given the impact on growth and on the quality of life of these patients, early evaluation and prompt personalized management plans are fundamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Viscogliosi
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sforza
- DIpartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eliza Kuczynska
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Margiotta
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariella Iademarco
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Proli
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,DIpartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,DIpartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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20
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Tartaglia M, Aoki Y, Gelb BD. The molecular genetics of RASopathies: An update on novel disease genes and new disorders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:425-439. [PMID: 36394128 PMCID: PMC10100036 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced signaling through RAS and the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade underlies the RASopathies, a family of clinically related disorders affecting development and growth. In RASopathies, increased RAS-MAPK signaling can result from the upregulated activity of various RAS GTPases, enhanced function of proteins positively controlling RAS function or favoring the efficient transmission of RAS signaling to downstream transducers, functional upregulation of RAS effectors belonging to the MAPK cascade, or inefficient signaling switch-off operated by feedback mechanisms acting at different levels. The massive effort in RASopathy gene discovery performed in the last 20 years has identified more than 20 genes implicated in these disorders. It has also facilitated the characterization of several molecular activating mechanisms that had remained unappreciated due to their minor impact in oncogenesis. Here, we provide an overview on the discoveries collected during the last 5 years that have delivered unexpected insights (e.g., Noonan syndrome as a recessive disease) and allowed to profile new RASopathies, novel disease genes and new molecular circuits contributing to the control of RAS-MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Biallelic Inactivating TUB Variants Cause Retinal Ciliopathy Impairing Biogenesis and the Structure of the Primary Cilium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314656. [PMID: 36498982 PMCID: PMC9740599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) represents a clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by photoreceptor dysfunction. These diseases typically present with progressive severe vision loss and variable onset, ranging from birth to adulthood. Genomic sequencing has allowed to identify novel IRD-related genes, most of which encode proteins contributing to photoreceptor-cilia biogenesis and/or function. Despite these insights, knowledge gaps hamper a molecular diagnosis in one-third of IRD cases. By exome sequencing in a cohort of molecularly unsolved individuals with IRD, we identified a homozygous splice site variant affecting the transcript processing of TUB, encoding the first member of the Tubby family of bipartite transcription factors, in a sporadic case with retinal dystrophy. A truncating homozygous variant in this gene had previously been reported in a single family with three subjects sharing retinal dystrophy and obesity. The clinical assessment of the present patient documented a slightly increased body mass index and no changes in metabolic markers of obesity, but confirmed the occurrence of retinal detachment. In vitro studies using patient-derived fibroblasts showed the accelerated degradation of the encoded protein and aberrant cilium morphology and biogenesis. These findings definitely link impaired TUB function to retinal dystrophy and provide new data on the clinical characterization of this ultra-rare retinal ciliopathy.
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22
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Flex E, Albadri S, Radio FC, Cecchetti S, Lauri A, Priolo M, Kissopoulos M, Carpentieri G, Fasano G, Venditti M, Magliocca V, Bellacchio E, Welch CL, Colombo PC, Kochav SM, Chang R, Barrick R, Trivisano M, Micalizzi A, Borghi R, Messina E, Mancini C, Pizzi S, De Santis F, Rosello M, Specchio N, Compagnucci C, McWalter K, Chung WK, Del Bene F, Tartaglia M. Dominantly acting KIF5B variants with pleiotropic cellular consequences cause variable clinical phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:473-488. [PMID: 36018820 PMCID: PMC9851748 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins are motor proteins involved in microtubule (MT)-mediated intracellular transport. They contribute to key cellular processes, including intracellular trafficking, organelle dynamics and cell division. Pathogenic variants in kinesin-encoding genes underlie several human diseases characterized by an extremely variable clinical phenotype, ranging from isolated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders to syndromic phenotypes belonging to a family of conditions collectively termed as 'ciliopathies.' Among kinesins, kinesin-1 is the most abundant MT motor for transport of cargoes towards the plus end of MTs. Three kinesin-1 heavy chain isoforms exist in mammals. Different from KIF5A and KIF5C, which are specifically expressed in neurons and established to cause neurological diseases when mutated, KIF5B is an ubiquitous protein. Three de novo missense KIF5B variants were recently described in four subjects with a syndromic skeletal disorder characterized by kyphomelic dysplasia, hypotonia and DD/ID. Here, we report three dominantly acting KIF5B variants (p.Asn255del, p.Leu498Pro and p.Leu537Pro) resulting in a clinically wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from dilated cardiomyopathy with adult-onset ophthalmoplegia and progressive skeletal myopathy to a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by severe hypotonia with or without seizures. In vitro and in vivo analyses provide evidence that the identified disease-associated KIF5B variants disrupt lysosomal, autophagosome and mitochondrial organization, and impact cilium biogenesis. All variants, and one of the previously reported missense changes, were shown to affect multiple developmental processes in zebrafish. These findings document pleiotropic consequences of aberrant KIF5B function on development and cell homeostasis, and expand the phenotypic spectrum resulting from altered kinesin-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Flex
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
| | | | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- UOSD Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli", 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marta Kissopoulos
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Magliocca
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie M Kochav
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Richard Chang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Rebekah Barrick
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Borghi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia De Santis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215 Paris, France
| | - Marion Rosello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
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23
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[Genetic characteristics of microtia-associated syndromes in neonates]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:614-619. [PMID: 35762425 PMCID: PMC9250400 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2203008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microtia is the second most common maxillofacial birth defect in neonates and has an prevalence rate of 3.06/10 000 in China, and 20%-60% of microtia cases is associated with a certain type of syndrome. This article elaborates on the clinical phenotypes and genetic characteristics of three microtia-associated syndromes (MASs) with high prevalence, high incidence rate of ear deformity, and definite genetic etiology, i.e., oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, branchio-oto-renal spectrum disorder, and Treacher-Collins syndrome, and summarizes another three common MASs, so as to provide a reference for the genetic diagnosis of neonatal MAS.
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24
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Kontaridis MI, Roberts AE, Schill L, Schoyer L, Stronach B, Andelfinger G, Aoki Y, Axelrad ME, Bakker A, Bennett AM, Broniscer A, Castel P, Chang CA, Cyganek L, Das TK, den Hertog J, Galperin E, Garg S, Gelb BD, Gordon K, Green T, Gripp KW, Itkin M, Kiuru M, Korf BR, Livingstone JR, López‐Juárez A, Magoulas PL, Mansour S, Milner T, Parker E, Pierpont EI, Plouffe K, Rauen KA, Shankar SP, Smith SB, Stevenson DA, Tartaglia M, Van R, Wagner ME, Ware SM, Zenker M. The seventh international RASopathies symposium: Pathways to a cure-expanding knowledge, enhancing research, and therapeutic discovery. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1915-1927. [PMID: 35266292 PMCID: PMC9117434 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RASopathies are a group of genetic disorders that are caused by genes that affect the canonical Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the molecular consequences of these genetic anomalies, little movement has been made in translating these findings to the clinic. This year, the seventh International RASopathies Symposium focused on expanding the research knowledge that we have gained over the years to enhance new discoveries in the field, ones that we hope can lead to effective therapeutic treatments. Indeed, for the first time, research efforts are finally being translated to the clinic, with compassionate use of Ras/MAPK pathway inhibitors for the treatment of RASopathies. This biannual meeting, organized by the RASopathies Network, brought together basic scientists, clinicians, clinician scientists, patients, advocates, and their families, as well as representatives from pharmaceutical companies and the National Institutes of Health. A history of RASopathy gene discovery, identification of new disease genes, and the latest research, both at the bench and in the clinic, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Kontaridis
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational MedicineMasonic Medical Research InstituteUticaNew YorkUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amy E. Roberts
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Genetics, Department of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lisa Schill
- RASopathies Network USAAltadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint‐Justine Research CentreUniversité de MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical GeneticsTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Marni E. Axelrad
- Section of Psychology, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Anton M. Bennett
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems MetabolismYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Alberto Broniscer
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyUPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Pau Castel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Caitlin A. Chang
- Department of Medical GeneticsBC Women and Children's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Tirtha K. Das
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative BiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute‐KNAW and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Institute Biology LeidenLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Shruti Garg
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of Manchester & Child & Adolescent Mental Health ServicesManchesterUK
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kristiana Gordon
- Lymphovascular Medicine, Dermatology DepartmentSt. George's UniversityLondonUK
| | - Tamar Green
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karen W. Gripp
- Department of GeneticsAI duPont Hospital for ChildrenWilmingtonDelawareUSA
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Center for Lymphatic Disorders, Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Maija Kiuru
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruce R. Korf
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | | | - Alejandro López‐Juárez
- Department of Health and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTexasUSA
| | - Pilar L. Magoulas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Sahar Mansour
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences InstituteSt George's UniversityLondonUK
- South West Thames Regional Genetics ServiceSt George's NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Elizabeth I. Pierpont
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of PediatricsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Katherine A. Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, MIND InstituteUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Suma P. Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, MIND InstituteUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - David A. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Richard Van
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Morgan E. Wagner
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology ProgramFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Stephanie M. Ware
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University HospitalOtto‐von‐Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
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25
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Leoni C, Viscogliosi G, Tartaglia M, Aoki Y, Zampino G. Multidisciplinary Management of Costello Syndrome: Current Perspectives. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1277-1296. [PMID: 35677617 PMCID: PMC9169840 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s291757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by germline mutations in HRAS. It belongs among the RASopathies, a group of syndromes characterized by alterations in components of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway and sharing overlapping phenotypes. Its typical features include a distinctive facial appearance, growth delay, intellectual disability, ectodermal, cardiac, and musculoskeletal abnormalities, and cancer predisposition. Due to the several comorbidities having a strong impact on the quality of life, a multidisciplinary team is essential in the management of such a condition from infancy to adult age, to promptly address any detected issue and to develop appropriate personalized follow-up protocols and treatment strategies. With the present paper we aim to highlight the core and ancillary medical disciplines involved in managing the health challenges characterizing CS from pediatric to adult age, according to literature and to our large clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: Chiara Leoni, Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, IT-00168, Italy, Tel +39-063381344, Fax +39-063383211, Email
| | - Germana Viscogliosi
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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26
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Motta M, Solman M, Bonnard AA, Kuechler A, Pantaleoni F, Priolo M, Chandramouli B, Coppola S, Pizzi S, Zara E, Ferilli M, Kayserili H, Onesimo R, Leoni C, Brinkmann J, Vial Y, Kamphausen SB, Thomas-Teinturier C, Guimier A, Cordeddu V, Mazzanti L, Zampino G, Chillemi G, Zenker M, Cavé H, Hertog J, Tartaglia M. Expanding the molecular spectrum of pathogenic SHOC2 variants underlying Mazzanti syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2766-2778. [PMID: 35348676 PMCID: PMC9402240 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We previously molecularly and clinically characterized Mazzanti syndrome, a RASopathy related to Noonan syndrome that is mostly caused by a single recurrent missense variant (c.4A > G, p.Ser2Gly) in SHOC2, which encodes a leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein facilitating signal flow through the RAS-mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We also documented that the pathogenic p.Ser2Gly substitution causes upregulation of MAPK signaling and constitutive targeting of SHOC2 to the plasma membrane due to the introduction of an N-myristoylation recognition motif. The almost invariant occurrence of the pathogenic c.4A > G missense change in SHOC2 is mirrored by a relatively homogeneous clinical phenotype of Mazzanti syndrome. Here we provide new data on the clinical spectrum and molecular diversity of this disorder, and functionally characterize new pathogenic variants. The clinical phenotype of six unrelated individuals carrying novel disease-causing SHOC2 variants is delineated, and public and newly collected clinical data are utilized to profile the disorder. In silico, in vitro and in vivo characterization of the newly identified variants provides evidence that the consequences of these missense changes on SHOC2 functional behavior differ from what had been observed for the canonical p.Ser2Gly change but converge towards an enhanced activation of the RAS-MAPK pathway. Our findings expand the molecular spectrum of pathogenic SHOC2 variants, provide a more accurate picture of the phenotypic expression associated with variants in this gene, and definitively establish a GoF behavior as the mechanism of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialetizia Motta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maja Solman
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adeline A Bonnard
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de Génétique, 75019 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- UOSD Genetica Medica, Grandeospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italia
| | | | - Simona Coppola
- National Centre Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Zara
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ferilli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, 34010 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Julia Brinkmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yoann Vial
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de Génétique, 75019 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Susanne B Kamphausen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cécile Thomas-Teinturier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR 1018, Cancer and Radiation team, CESP, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Guimier
- Service de Médecine Genomique des Maladies Rares, CRMR Anomalies du développement, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Viviana Cordeddu
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzanti
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de Génétique, 75019 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jeroen Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Lead contact
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Abstract
The RASopathies are a group of disorders caused by a germline mutation in one of the genes encoding a component of the RAS/MAPK pathway. These disorders, including neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Costello syndrome and Legius syndrome, among others, have overlapping clinical features due to RAS/MAPK dysfunction. Although several of the RASopathies are very rare, collectively, these disorders are relatively common. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis of the RASopathy-associated genetic variants and the knowledge gained about RAS/MAPK signaling that resulted from studying RASopathies. We also describe the cell and animal models of the RASopathies and explore emerging RASopathy genes. Preclinical and clinical experiences with targeted agents as therapeutics for RASopathies are also discussed. Finally, we review how the recently developed drugs targeting RAS/MAPK-driven malignancies, such as inhibitors of RAS activation, direct RAS inhibitors and RAS/MAPK pathway inhibitors, might be leveraged for patients with RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Hebron
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edjay Ralph Hernandez
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Stagi S, Ferrari V, Ferrari M, Priolo M, Tartaglia M. Inside the Noonan "universe": Literature review on growth, GH/IGF axis and rhGH treatment: Facts and concerns. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:951331. [PMID: 36060964 PMCID: PMC9434367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.951331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a disorder characterized by a typical facial gestalt, congenital heart defects, variable cognitive deficits, skeletal defects, and short stature. NS is caused by germline pathogenic variants in genes coding proteins with a role in the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and it is typically associated with substantial genetic and clinical complexity and variability. Short stature is a cardinal feature in NS, with evidence indicating that growth hormone (GH) deficiency, partial GH insensitivity, and altered response to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) are contributing events for growth failure in these patients. Decreased IGF-I, together with low/normal responses to GH pharmacological provocation tests, indicating a variable presence of GH deficiency/resistance, in particular in subjects with pathogenic PTPN11 variants, are frequently reported. Nonetheless, short- and long-term studies have demonstrated a consistent and significant increase in height velocity (HV) in NS children and adolescents treated with recombinant human GH (rhGH). While the overall experience with rhGH treatment in NS patients with short stature is reassuring, it is difficult to systematically compare published data due to heterogeneous protocols, potential enrolment bias, the small size of cohorts in many studies, different cohort selection criteria and varying durations of therapy. Furthermore, in most studies, the genetic information is lacking. NS is associated with a higher risk of benign and malignant proliferative disorders and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and rhGH treatment may further increase risk in these patients, especially as dosages vary widely. Herein we provide an updated review of aspects related to growth, altered function of the GH/IGF axis and cell response to GH/IGF stimulation, rhGH treatment and its possible adverse events. Given the clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity of NS, treatment with rhGH should be personalized and a conservative approach with judicious surveillance is recommended. Depending on the genotype, an individualized follow-up and close monitoring during rhGH treatments, also focusing on screening for neoplasms, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stagi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano Stagi,
| | - Vittorio Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Lioncino M, Monda E, Verrillo F, Moscarella E, Calcagni G, Drago F, Marino B, Digilio MC, Putotto C, Calabrò P, Russo MG, Roberts AE, Gelb BD, Tartaglia M, Limongelli G. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in RASopathies: Diagnosis, Clinical Characteristics, Prognostic Implications, and Management. Heart Fail Clin 2022; 18:19-29. [PMID: 34776080 PMCID: PMC9674037 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RASopathies are multisystemic disorders caused by germline mutations in genes linked to the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Diagnosis of RASopathy can be triggered by clinical clues ("red flags") which may direct the clinician toward a specific gene test. Compared with sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in RASopathies (R-HCM) is associated with higher prevalence of congestive heart failure and shows increased prevalence and severity of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Biventricular involvement and the association with congenital heart disease, mainly pulmonary stenosis, have been commonly described in R-HCM. The aim of this review is to assess the prevalence and unique features of R-HCM and to define the available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lioncino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples
| | - Federica Verrillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples;,Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna & San Sebastiano”, Caserta I-81100, Italy
| | - Giulio Calcagni
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart - ERN GUARD-Heart;,Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart - ERN GUARD-Heart;,Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples;,Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna & San Sebastiano”, Caserta I-81100, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples;,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples
| | - Amy E. Roberts
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples;,Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna & San Sebastiano”, Caserta I-81100, Italy;,Corresponding author. Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples.
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30
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Siano MA, Pivonello R, Salerno M, Falco M, Mauro C, De Brasi D, Klain A, Sestito S, De Luca A, Pinna V, Simeoli C, Concolino D, Mainolfi CG, Mannarino T, Strisciuglio P, Tartaglia M, Melis D. Endocrine system involvement in patients with RASopathies: A case series. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1030398. [PMID: 36483002 PMCID: PMC9724702 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Endocrine complications have been described in patients affected by RASopathies but no systematic assessment has been reported. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of endocrine disorders in a consecutive unselected cohort of patients with RASopathies. STUDY DESIGN 72 patients with a genetically confirmed RASopathy (Noonan syndrome [NS], N=53; 29 LEOPARD syndrome [LS], N=2; cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome [CFCS], N=14; subjects showing co-occurring pathogenic variants in PTPN11 and NF1, N=3) and an age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Endocrine system involvement was investigated by assessing the thyroid function, pubertal development, auxological parameters, adrenal function and bone metabolism. RESULTS Short stature was detected in 40% and 64% of the NS and CFCS subcohorts, respectively. Patients showed lower Z-scores at DXA than controls (p<0.05) when considering the entire case load and both NS and CFCS groups. Vitamin D and Calcitonin levels were significantly lower (p< 0.01), Parathormone levels significantly higher (p<0.05) in patients compared to the control group (p<0.05). Patients with lower BMD showed reduced physical activity and joint pain. Finally, anti-TPO antibody levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls when considering the entire case load and both NS and CFCS groups. CONCLUSIONS The collected data demonstrate a high prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity, confirming an increased risk to develop autoimmune disorders both in NS and CFCS. Reduced BMD, probably associated to reduced physical activity and inflammatory cytokines, also occurs. These findings are expected to have implications for the follow-up and prevention of osteopenia/osteoporosis in both NS and CFCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Siano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - R. Pivonello
- Dipartmento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - M. Falco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - C. Mauro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - D. De Brasi
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera di rilievo Nazionale (A.O.R.N). “Santobono-Pausillipon”, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Klain
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera di rilievo Nazionale (A.O.R.N). “Santobono-Pausillipon”, Napoli, Italy
| | - S. Sestito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università “Magna Graecia” di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A. De Luca
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - V. Pinna
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - C. Simeoli
- Dipartmento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - D. Concolino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università “Magna Graecia” di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ciro Gabriele Mainolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - T. Mannarino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - P. Strisciuglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - M. Tartaglia
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - D. Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
- *Correspondence: D. Melis,
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Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Depression and Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Key Genes and Therapeutic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Depression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2165632. [PMID: 35003290 PMCID: PMC8741373 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2165632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background To explore the potential target of depression and the mechanism of related traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of depression. Method Differential gene expression in depression patients and controls was analyzed in the GEO database. Key genes for depression were obtained by searching the disease databases. The COREMINE Medical database was used to search for Chinese medicines corresponding to the key genes in the treatment of depression, and the network pharmacological analysis was performed on these Chinese medicines. Then, protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted. Prediction of gene phenotypes was based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment scores. Results The total number of differentially expressed genes in the GEO database was 147. Combined with the GEO dataset and disease database, a total of 3533 depression-related genes were analyzed. After screening in COREMINE Medical, it was found that the top 4 traditional Chinese medicines with the highest frequency for depression were Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Crocus sativus L., Bupleurum chinense DC., and Cannabis sativa L. The compound target network consisted of 24 compounds and 138 corresponding targets, and the key targets involved PRKACA, NCOA2, PPARA, and so on. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the most commonly used Chinese medicine could regulate multiple aspects of depression through these targets, related to metabolism, neuroendocrine function, and neuroimmunity. Prediction and analysis of protein-protein interactions resulted in the selection of nine hub genes (ESR1, HSP90AA1, JUN, MAPK1, MAPK14, MAPK8, RB1, RELA, and TP53). In addition, a total of four ingredients (petunidin, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and luteolin) from this Chinese medicine could act on these hub genes. Conclusions Our research revealed the complicated antidepressant mechanism of the most commonly used Chinese medicines and also provided a rational strategy for revealing the complex composition and function of Chinese herbal formulas.
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Leoni C, Bisanti C, Viscogliosi G, Onesimo R, Massese M, Giorgio V, Corbo F, Acampora A, Cipolla C, Flex E, Dell'Atti C, Rigante D, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Bone tissue homeostasis and risk of fractures in Costello syndrome: A 4-year follow-up study. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:422-430. [PMID: 34913244 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Costello syndrome (CS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a distinctive musculoskeletal phenotype and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) caused by activating de novo mutations in the HRAS gene. Herein, we report the results of a prospective study evaluating the efficacy of a 4-year vitamin D supplementation on BMD and bone health. A cohort of 16 individuals ranging from pediatric to adult age with molecularly confirmed CS underwent dosages of bone metabolism biomarkers (serum/urine) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to assess bone and body composition parameters. Results were compared to age-matched control groups. At baseline evaluation, BMD was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) compared to controls, as were the 25(OH)vitD levels. Following the 4-year time interval, despite vitamin D supplementation therapy at adequate dosages, no significant improvement in BMD was observed. The present data confirm that 25(OH)vitD and BMD parameters are reduced in CS, and vitamin D supplementation is not sufficient to restore proper BMD values. Based on this evidence, routine monitoring of bone homeostasis to prevent bone deterioration and possible fractures in adult patients with CS is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Bisanti
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Viscogliosi
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Massese
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Corbo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Acampora
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Cipolla
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Dell'Atti
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Chen X, Wang Y, Ma Y, Wang R, Zhao D. To explore the Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Flos Carthami herb pair's potential mechanism in the treatment of ischemic stroke by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27752. [PMID: 34889224 PMCID: PMC8663872 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Flos Carthami herb pair's (RPR-FC) potential mechanism in treating ischemic stroke (IS) by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database was used to screen the active components of the RPR-FC, and Cytoscape 3.8 software was used to construct a network map of its active components and targets of action. The GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to identify disease targets of IS, and the common targets were chosen as research targets and imported into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction network map of these targets. R language software was used to analyze the enrichment of GO terms and KEGG pathways, and explore the mechanisms of these targets. Molecular docking technology was used to verify that the RPR-FC components had a good bonding activity with their potential targets.A total of 44 active components, which corresponded to 197 targets, were identified in the RPR-FC. There were 139 common targets between the herb pair and IS. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed 2253 biological process entries, 72 cellular components entries, and 183 molecular functions entries. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was mainly related to the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, the TNF signaling pathway, apoptosis, the MAPK signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the VEGF signaling pathway, etc. The molecular docking results showed the components that docked well with key targets were quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and baicalein.The active components (quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and baicalein) of the RPR-FC and their targets act on proteins such as MAPK1, AKT1, VEGFA, and CASP3, which are closely related to IS.1 These targets are closely related to the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the VEGF signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways. These pathways are involved in the recovery of nerve function, angiogenesis, and neuronal apoptosis and the regulation of inflammatory factors, which may have a therapeutic effect on IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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34
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Di Candia F, Marchetti V, Cirillo F, Di Minno A, Rosano C, Pagano S, Siano MA, Falco M, Assunto A, Boccia G, Magliacane G, Pinna V, De Luca A, Tartaglia M, Di Minno G, Strisciuglio P, Melis D. RASopathies and hemostatic abnormalities: key role of platelet dysfunction. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:499. [PMID: 34857025 PMCID: PMC8638204 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bleeding anomalies have been reported in patients affected by Noonan syndrome. No study has been performed in patients with molecularly confirmed RASopathy. We aimed to characterize the frequency and types of bleeding disorders in patients with RASopathies and evaluate any significant association with laboratory findings. Patients and methods Forty-nine individuals (PTPN11, n = 27; SOS1, n = 7; RIT1, n = 3; SPRED1, n = 1; LZTR1, N = 3; RAF1, n = 2; BRAF, n = 4; MEK1, n = 1; MEK2, n = 1), and 49 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. The “Paediatric Bleeding Questionnaire Scoring Key” was administered to patients and families. Laboratory screening tests including clotting factors dosing, platelet count, Prothrombin Time and Partial Thromboplastin Time, were employed both in patients and controls to characterize the bleeding diathesis. A subgroup of 29/49 patients and 29/49 controls was also tested for platelet function. Results Regardless of the gene involved, pathological paediatric bleeding scores were recorded in 14/49 (28.5%) patients. Indeed, 7 were mutated in PTPN11, 3 in SOS1, 2 in RIT1, 1 in BRAF, and 1 in MEK1. Compared to patients with normal bleeding scores, those with pathologic bleeding score showed higher prevalence of splenomegaly (p = 0.006), prolonged aPTT (p = 0.04), lower levels of coagulation factor V (FV, p = 0.001), FVII (p = 0.003), FX (p = 0.0008) and FXIII (p = 0.002), higher vWAg (p = 0.04), and lower platelet sensitivity to Ristocetin (p = 0.001), arachidonic acid (AA) (p = 0.009) and collagen (p = 0.01). The presence of hematomas inversely correlated with factor V (p = 0.002), factor VII (p = 0.003), factor X (p = 0.002) and factor XIII (p = 0.004) levels, and directly correlated with platelet response to collagen (p = 0.02) and AA (p = 0.01). The presence of splenomegaly directly correlated with the presence of hematoma (p = 0.006), platelet response to Ristocetin (p = 0.04) and AA (p = 0.04), and inversely correlated with factor V levels (p = 0.03). Conclusions Patients with RASopathies and a bleeding tendency exhibit multiple laboratory abnormalities, including platelet-related disorders. Splenomegaly is frequently detected and might be a suggestive sign for qualitative platelet dysfunction. A comprehensive clinical assessment should be carried out at diagnosis, during the follow-up and before any surgical procedures. Since there is currently no consensus on management of bleeding complications, it is important that physicians closely monitor these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Candia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Cirillo
- Regional Reference Centre for Coagulation Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Regional Reference Centre for Coagulation Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Rosano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Siano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Falco
- Pediatric Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonia Assunto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gerardo Magliacane
- Clinic Pathology, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Pinna
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Minno
- Regional Reference Centre for Coagulation Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy. .,Pediatric Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy.
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35
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Leoni C, Viscogliosi G, Onesimo R, Bisanti C, Massese M, Giorgio V, Corbo F, Tedesco M, Acampora A, Cipolla C, Dell'Atti C, Flex E, Gervasoni J, Primiano A, Rigante D, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Characterization of bone homeostasis in individuals affected by cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:414-421. [PMID: 34854525 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial appearance, cardiac, neurologic, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. It is due to heterozygous mutations in BRAF, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, and KRAS genes, belonging to the RAS/MAPK pathway. The role of RAS signaling in bone homeostasis is highly recognized, but data on bone mineral density (BMD) in CFCS are lacking. In the present study we evaluated bone parameters, serum and urinary bone metabolites in 14 individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of CFCS. Bone assessment was performed through dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); height-adjusted results were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Blood and urinary bone metabolites were also analyzed and compared to the reference range. Despite vitamin D supplementation and almost normal bone metabolism biomarkers, CFCS patients showed significantly decreased absolute values of DXA-assessed subtotal and lumbar BMD (p ≤ 0.05), compared to controls. BMD z-scores and t-scores (respectively collected for children and adults) were below the reference range in CFCS, while normal in healthy controls. These findings confirmed a reduction in BMD in CFCS and highlighted the importance of monitoring bone health in these affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Viscogliosi
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Bisanti
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Massese
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Corbo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tedesco
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Acampora
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Cipolla
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Dell'Atti
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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36
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Motta M, Fasano G, Gredy S, Brinkmann J, Bonnard AA, Simsek-Kiper PO, Gulec EY, Essaddam L, Utine GE, Guarnetti Prandi I, Venditti M, Pantaleoni F, Radio FC, Ciolfi A, Petrini S, Consoli F, Vignal C, Hepbasli D, Ullrich M, de Boer E, Vissers LELM, Gritli S, Rossi C, De Luca A, Ben Becher S, Gelb BD, Dallapiccola B, Lauri A, Chillemi G, Schuh K, Cavé H, Zenker M, Tartaglia M. SPRED2 loss-of-function causes a recessive Noonan syndrome-like phenotype. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2112-2129. [PMID: 34626534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulated signal flow through RAS and the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is the unifying mechanistic theme of the RASopathies, a family of disorders affecting development and growth. Pathogenic variants in more than 20 genes have been causally linked to RASopathies, the majority having a dominant role in promoting enhanced signaling. Here, we report that SPRED2 loss of function is causally linked to a recessive phenotype evocative of Noonan syndrome. Homozygosity for three different variants-c.187C>T (p.Arg63∗), c.299T>C (p.Leu100Pro), and c.1142_1143delTT (p.Leu381Hisfs∗95)-were identified in four subjects from three families. All variants severely affected protein stability, causing accelerated degradation, and variably perturbed SPRED2 functional behavior. When overexpressed in cells, all variants were unable to negatively modulate EGF-promoted RAF1, MEK, and ERK phosphorylation, and time-course experiments in primary fibroblasts (p.Leu100Pro and p.Leu381Hisfs∗95) documented an increased and prolonged activation of the MAPK cascade in response to EGF stimulation. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of spred2a and spred2b in zebrafish induced defects in convergence and extension cell movements indicating upregulated RAS-MAPK signaling, which were rescued by expressing wild-type SPRED2 but not the SPRED2Leu381Hisfs∗95 protein. The clinical phenotype of the four affected individuals included developmental delay, intellectual disability, cardiac defects, short stature, skeletal anomalies, and a typical facial gestalt as major features, without the occurrence of the distinctive skin signs characterizing Legius syndrome. These features, in part, characterize the phenotype of Spred2-/- mice. Our findings identify the second recessive form of Noonan syndrome and document pleiotropic consequences of SPRED2 loss of function in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialetizia Motta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sina Gredy
- Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Brinkmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Adeline Alice Bonnard
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de Génétique, 75019 Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pelin Ozlem Simsek-Kiper
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Yilmaz Gulec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Health Sciences University, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leila Essaddam
- Department of Pediatrics-PUC, Béchir Hamza Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gulen Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ingrid Guarnetti Prandi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università Della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Consoli
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Cédric Vignal
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de Génétique, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Denis Hepbasli
- Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Ullrich
- Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sami Gritli
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Cesare Rossi
- Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Saayda Ben Becher
- Department of Pediatrics-PUC, Béchir Hamza Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università Della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Centro Nazionale Delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Kai Schuh
- Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de Génétique, 75019 Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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37
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Marzollo A, Conti F, Rossini L, Rivalta B, Leonardi L, Tretti C, Tosato F, Chiriaco M, Ursu GM, Natalucci CT, Martella M, Borghesi A, Mancini C, Ciolfi A, di Matteo G, Tartaglia M, Cancrini C, Dotta A, Biffi A, Finocchi A, Bresolin S. Neonatal Manifestations of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: MAS/HLH and Necrotizing Pneumonia as Unusual Phenotypes and Review of the Literature. J Clin Immunol 2021; 42:299-311. [PMID: 34718934 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inborn error of immunity (IEI), characterized by a deficient phagocyte killing due to the inability of NADPH oxidase to produce reactive oxygen species in the phagosome. Patients with CGD suffer from severe and recurrent infections and chronic inflammatory disorders. Onset of CGD has been rarely reported in neonates and only as single case reports or small case series. We report here the cases of three newborns from two different kindreds, presenting with novel infectious and inflammatory phenotypes associated with CGD. A girl with CYBA deficiency presented with necrotizing pneumonia, requiring a prolonged antibiotic treatment and resulting in fibrotic pulmonary changes. From the second kindred, the first of two brothers developed a fatal Burkholderia multivorans sepsis and died at 24 days of life. His younger brother had a diagnosis of CYBB deficiency and presented with Macrophage Activation Syndrome/Hemophagocytic Lympho-Histiocytosis (MAS/HLH) without any infection, that could be controlled with steroids. We further report the findings of a review of the literature and show that the spectrum of microorganisms causing infections in neonates with CGD is similar to that of older patients, but the clinical manifestations are more diverse, especially those related to the inflammatory syndromes. Our findings extend the spectrum of the clinical presentation of CGD to include unusual neonatal phenotypes. The recognition of the very early, potentially life-threatening manifestations of CGD is crucial for a prompt diagnosis, improvement of survival and reduction of the risk of long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marzollo
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy. .,Fondazione Citta' Della Speranza, Istituto Di Ricerca Pediatrica, Via Ricerca Scientifica, 4, 35127, Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesca Conti
- Pediatric Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Linda Rossini
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rivalta
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Tretti
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Tosato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Maria Chiriaco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Tea Natalucci
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Maddalena Martella
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Borghesi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola di Matteo
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
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Weinstock NI, Sadler L. The RRAS2 pathogenic variant p.Q72L produces severe Noonan syndrome with hydrocephalus: A case report. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:364-368. [PMID: 34648682 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is the most common disease among RASopathies, characterized by short stature, distinctive facial features, congenital cardiac defects, and variable developmental delay. NS rarely presents with overt neurologic manifestations, in particular hydrocephalus. Recent evidence suggests that pathogenic variants in the gene RRAS2 are a rare cause of NS. Specifically, an RRAS2 pathogenic variant, p.Q72L, may be particularly severe, manifesting with lethal neurologic findings. Here, we report a NS patient with documented p.Q72L variant in RRAS2. The patient was identified in utero to have hydrocephalus and a Dandy Walker malformation. Postnatal examination revealed multiple dysmorphic features, some reminiscent of NS including low-set posteriorly rotated ears, redundant nuchal skin, widely spaced nipples, and cryptorchidism. Despite suspicion of NS, results of a 14-gene Noonan syndrome panel (Invitae) were negative. Follow-up rapid whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo p.Q72L variant in RRAS2, a poorly studied gene recently identified as a cause of NS. The patient herein reported brings to three the total number of cases reported with the RRAS2 p.Q72L pathogenic variant. All three documented patients presented with a particularly fulminant course of NS, which included hydrocephalus. RRAS2, specifically p.Q72L, should be considered in severe NS cases with neurologic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav I Weinstock
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Oishei Children's Hospital, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Laurie Sadler
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Oishei Children's Hospital, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, New York, USA
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39
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Leoni C, Blandino R, Delogu AB, De Rosa G, Onesimo R, Verusio V, Marino MV, Lanza GA, Rigante D, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Genotype-cardiac phenotype correlations in a large single-center cohort of patients affected by RASopathies: Clinical implications and literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:431-445. [PMID: 34643321 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are common features in patients affected by RASopathies. The aim of this study was to assess genotype- phenotype correlations, focusing on the cardiac features and outcomes of interventions for cardiac conditions, in a single-center cohort of 116 patients with molecularly confirmed diagnosis of RASopathy, and compare these findings with previously published data. All enrolled patients underwent a comprehensive echocardiographic examination. Relevant information was also retrospectively collected through the analysis of clinical records. As expected, significant associations were found between PTPN11 mutations and pulmonary stenosis (both valvular and supravalvular) and pulmonary valve dysplasia, and between SOS1 mutations and valvular defects. Similarly, HRAS mutations were significantly associated with HCM. Potential associations between less prevalent mutations and cardiac defects were also observed, including RIT1 mutations and HCM, SOS2 mutations and septal defects, and SHOC2 mutations and septal and valve abnormalities. Patients with PTPN11 mutations were the most likely to require both a primary treatment (transcatheter or surgical) and surgical reintervention. Other cardiac anomalies less reported until recently in this population, such as isolated functional and structural mitral valve diseases, as well as a sigmoid-shaped interventricular septum in the absence of HCM, were also reported. In conclusion, our study confirms previous data but also provides new insights on cardiac involvement in RASopathies. Further research concerning genotype/phenotype associations in RASopathies could lead to a more rational approach to surgery and the consideration of drug therapy in patients at higher risk due to age, severity, anatomy, and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Blandino
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelica Bibiana Delogu
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Rosa
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Verusio
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Marino
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Antonio Lanza
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Di Rocco M, Galosi S, Lanza E, Tosato F, Caprini D, Folli V, Friedman J, Bocchinfuso G, Martire A, Di Schiavi E, Leuzzi V, Martinelli S. Caenorhabditis elegans provides an efficient drug screening platform for GNAO1-related disorders and highlights the potential role of caffeine in controlling dyskinesia. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:929-941. [PMID: 34622282 PMCID: PMC8947233 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant GNAO1 mutations cause an emerging group of childhood-onset neurological disorders characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, movement disorders, drug-resistant seizures and neurological deterioration. GNAO1 encodes the α-subunit of an inhibitory GTP/GDP-binding protein regulating ion channel activity and neurotransmitter release. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying GNAO1-related disorders remain largely elusive and there are no effective therapies. Here, we assessed the functional impact of two disease-causing variants associated with distinct clinical features, c.139A > G (p.S47G) and c.662C > A (p.A221D), using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. The c.139A > G change was introduced into the orthologous position of the C. elegans gene via CRISPR/Cas9, whereas a knock-in strain carrying the p.A221D variant was already available. Like null mutants, homozygous knock-in animals showed increased egg laying and were hypersensitive to aldicarb, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, suggesting excessive neurotransmitter release by different classes of motor neurons. Automated analysis of C. elegans locomotion indicated that goa-1 mutants move faster than control animals, with more frequent body bends and a higher reversal rate and display uncoordinated locomotion. Phenotypic profiling of heterozygous animals revealed a strong hypomorphic effect of both variants, with a partial dominant-negative activity for the p.A221D allele. Finally, caffeine was shown to rescue aberrant motor function in C. elegans harboring the goa-1 variants; this effect is mainly exerted through adenosine receptor antagonism. Overall, our findings establish a suitable platform for drug discovery, which may assist in accelerating the development of new therapies for this devastating condition, and highlight the potential role of caffeine in controlling GNAO1-related dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Rocco
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.,Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Enrico Lanza
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Federica Tosato
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Davide Caprini
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Viola Folli
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Jennifer Friedman
- UCSD Department of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital Division of Neurology; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Alberto Martire
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
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García-Mato Á, Cervantes B, Murillo-Cuesta S, Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Varela-Nieto I. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Signaling in Mammalian Hearing. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101553. [PMID: 34680948 PMCID: PMC8535591 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a peptide hormone belonging to the insulin family of proteins. Almost all of the biological effects of IGF-1 are mediated through binding to its high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor (IGF1R), a transmembrane receptor belonging to the insulin receptor family. Factors, receptors and IGF-binding proteins form the IGF system, which has multiple roles in mammalian development, adult tissue homeostasis, and aging. Consequently, mutations in genes of the IGF system, including downstream intracellular targets, underlie multiple common pathologies and are associated with multiple rare human diseases. Here we review the contribution of the IGF system to our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of human hearing loss by describing, (i) the expression patterns of the IGF system in the mammalian inner ear; (ii) downstream signaling of IGF-1 in the hearing organ; (iii) mouse mutations in the IGF system, including upstream regulators and downstream targets of IGF-1 that inform cochlear pathophysiology; and (iv) human mutations in these genes causing hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela García-Mato
- Institute for Biomedical Research “Alberto Sols” (IIBm), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-M.); (B.C.); (S.M.-C.)
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), CIBER, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cervantes
- Institute for Biomedical Research “Alberto Sols” (IIBm), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-M.); (B.C.); (S.M.-C.)
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), CIBER, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Institute for Biomedical Research “Alberto Sols” (IIBm), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-M.); (B.C.); (S.M.-C.)
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), CIBER, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), CIBER, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.R.-d.l.R.); (I.V.-N.)
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Institute for Biomedical Research “Alberto Sols” (IIBm), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-M.); (B.C.); (S.M.-C.)
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), CIBER, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.R.-d.l.R.); (I.V.-N.)
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Montero-Bullón JF, González-Velasco Ó, Isidoro-García M, Lacal J. Integrated in silico MS-based phosphoproteomics and network enrichment analysis of RASopathy proteins. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:303. [PMID: 34229750 PMCID: PMC8258961 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RASopathies are a group of syndromes showing clinical overlap caused by mutations in genes affecting the RAS-MAPK pathway. Consequent disruption on cellular signaling leads and is driven by phosphoproteome remodeling. However, we still lack a comprehensive picture of the different key players and altered downstream effectors. Methods An in silico interactome of RASopathy proteins was generated using pathway enrichment analysis/STRING tool, including identification of main hub proteins. We also integrated phosphoproteomic and immunoblotting studies using previous published information on RASopathy proteins and their neighbors in the context of RASopathy syndromes. Data from Phosphosite database (www.phosphosite.org) was collected in order to obtain the potential phosphosites subjected to regulation in the 27 causative RASopathy proteins. We compiled a dataset of dysregulated phosphosites in RASopathies, searched for commonalities between syndromes in harmonized data, and analyzed the role of phosphorylation in the syndromes by the identification of key players between the causative RASopathy proteins and the associated interactome. Results In this study, we provide a curated data set of 27 causative RASopathy genes, identify up to 511 protein–protein associations using pathway enrichment analysis/STRING tool, and identify 12 nodes as main hub proteins. We found that a large group of proteins contain tyrosine residues and their biological processes include but are not limited to the nervous system. Harmonizing published RASopathy phosphoproteomic and immunoblotting studies we identified a total of 147 phosphosites with increased phosphorylation, whereas 47 have reduced phosphorylation. The PKB signaling pathway is the most represented among the dysregulated phosphoproteins within the RASopathy proteins and their neighbors, followed by phosphoproteins implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and the MAPK pathway. Conclusions This work illustrates the complex network underlying the RASopathies and the potential of phosphoproteomics for dissecting the molecular mechanisms in these syndromes. A combined study of associated genes, their interactome and phosphorylation events in RASopathies, elucidates key players and mechanisms to direct future research, diagnosis and therapeutic windows. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01934-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullón
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Óscar González-Velasco
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, IBMCC Cancer Research Center, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Network for Cooperative Research in Health-RETICS ARADyAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Molecular Genetics of Human Diseases Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Uludağ Alkaya D, Lissewski C, Yeşil G, Zenker M, Tüysüz B. Expanding the clinical phenotype of RASopathies in 38 Turkish patients, including the rare LZTR1, RAF1, RIT1 variants, and large deletion in NF1. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3623-3633. [PMID: 34184824 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RASopathies are a group of disorders caused by pathogenic variants in the genes encoding Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and share overlapping clinical and molecular features. This study is aimed to describe the clinical and molecular features of 38 patients with RASopathies. Sanger or targeted next-generation sequencing of related genes and multiplex ligation-dependent-probe amplification analysis for NF1 were performed. The pathogenic variant detection rate was 94.4%. While PTPN11 was responsible for 50% of 18 patients with Noonan syndrome (NS), SOS1, LZTR1, RIT1, and RAF1 were responsible for the remaining 27.8%, 11.1%, 5.5%, and 5.5%, respectively. Three variants in LZTR1 were novel, of which two were identified in the compound heterozygous state in a patient with intellectual disability and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, whereas the third variant was found in the heterozygous state in a patient with pulmonary stenosis and normal intelligence. We described pyloric stenosis, knee dislocation, and cleft palate in patients with SOS1, RIT1, and RAF1 variants, respectively, that was not previously reported. We detected a PTPN11 variant in three patients from same family with NS with multiple lentigines. BRAF and MAP2K2 variants were found in eight patients with Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. Two variants in HRAS were detected in two Costello syndrome patients, one with a mild and the other with a severe phenotype. While large NF1 deletions were identified in four Neurofibromatosis-NS patients with intellectual disability, intelligence was normal in one patient with missense variant. In conclusion, this study provided three novel variants in LZTR1 and expanded the clinical phenotype of rare RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christina Lissewski
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gözde Yeşil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Leoni C, Tedesco M, Radio FC, Chillemi G, Leone A, Bruselles A, Ciolfi A, Stellacci E, Pantaleoni F, Butera G, Rigante D, Onesimo R, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of Beta3GalT6-associated phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3153-3160. [PMID: 34159694 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in B3GALT6, coding for a galactosyltransferase involved in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), have been associated with various clinical conditions, causing spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1 (SEMDJL1 or SEMDJL Beighton type), Al-Gazali syndrome (ALGAZ), and a severe progeroid form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDSSPD2). In the 2017 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) classification, Beta3GalT6-related disorders were grouped in the spondylodysplastic EDSs together with spondylodysplastic EDSs due to B4GALT7 and SLC39A13 mutations. Herein, we describe a patient with a previously unreported homozygous pathogenic B3GALT6 variant resulting in a complex phenotype more severe than spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1, and having dural ectasia and aortic dilation as additionally associated features, further broadening the phenotypic spectrum of the Beta3GalT6-related syndromes. We also document the utility of repeating sequencing in patients with uninformative exomes, particularly when performed by using "first generations" enrichment capture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tedesco
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università Della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.,Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Centro Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Stellacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Butera
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Heart Lung Transplantation, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Lauri A, Fasano G, Venditti M, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M. In vivo Functional Genomics for Undiagnosed Patients: The Impact of Small GTPases Signaling Dysregulation at Pan-Embryo Developmental Scale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642235. [PMID: 34124035 PMCID: PMC8194860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While individually rare, disorders affecting development collectively represent a substantial clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic burden to patients, families, and society. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders are required to speed up diagnosis, improve counseling, and optimize management toward targeted therapies. Genome sequencing is now unveiling previously unexplored genetic variations in undiagnosed patients, which require functional validation and mechanistic understanding, particularly when dealing with novel nosologic entities. Functional perturbations of key regulators acting on signals' intersections of evolutionarily conserved pathways in these pathological conditions hinder the fine balance between various developmental inputs governing morphogenesis and homeostasis. However, the distinct mechanisms by which these hubs orchestrate pathways to ensure the developmental coordinates are poorly understood. Integrative functional genomics implementing quantitative in vivo models of embryogenesis with subcellular precision in whole organisms contribute to answering these questions. Here, we review the current knowledge on genes and mechanisms critically involved in developmental syndromes and pediatric cancers, revealed by genomic sequencing and in vivo models such as insects, worms and fish. We focus on the monomeric GTPases of the RAS superfamily and their influence on crucial developmental signals and processes. We next discuss the effectiveness of exponentially growing functional assays employing tractable models to identify regulatory crossroads. Unprecedented sophistications are now possible in zebrafish, i.e., genome editing with single-nucleotide precision, nanoimaging, highly resolved recording of multiple small molecules activity, and simultaneous monitoring of brain circuits and complex behavioral response. These assets permit accurate real-time reporting of dynamic small GTPases-controlled processes in entire organisms, owning the potential to tackle rare disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Talley MJ, Nardini D, Qin S, Prada CE, Ehrman LA, Waclaw RR. A role for sustained MAPK activity in the mouse ventral telencephalon. Dev Biol 2021; 476:137-147. [PMID: 33775695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The MAPK pathway is a major growth signal that has been implicated during the development of progenitors, neurons, and glia in the embryonic brain. Here, we show that the MAPK pathway plays an important role in the generation of distinct cell types from progenitors in the ventral telencephalon. Our data reveal that phospho-p44/42 (called p-ERK1/2) and the ETS transcription factor Etv5, both downstream effectors in the MAPK pathway, show a regional bias in expression during ventral telencephalic development, with enriched expression in the dorsal region of the LGE and ventral region of the MGE at E13.5 and E15.5. Interestingly, expression of both factors becomes more uniform in ventricular zone (VZ) progenitors by E18.5. To gain insight into the role of MAPK activity during progenitor cell development, we used a cre inducible constitutively active MEK1 allele (RosaMEK1DD/+) in combination with a ventral telencephalon enriched cre (Gsx2e-cre) or a dorsal telencephalon enriched cre (Emx1cre/+). Sustained MEK/MAPK activity in the ventral telencephalon (Gsx2e-cre; RosaMEK1DD/+) expanded dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence (dLGE) enriched genes (Gsx2 and Sp8) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) markers (Olig2, Pdgfrα, and Sox10), and also reduced markers in the ventral (v) LGE domain (Isl1 and Foxp1). Activation of MEK/MAPK activity in the dorsal telencephalon (Emx1cre/+; RosaMEK1DD/+) did not initially activate the expression of dLGE or OPC genes at E15.5 but ectopic expression of Gsx2 and OPC markers were observed at E18.5. These results support the idea that MAPK activity as readout by p-ERK1/2 and Etv5 expression is enriched in distinct subdomains of ventral telencephalic progenitors during development. In addition, sustained activation of the MEK/MAPK pathway in the ventral or dorsal telencephalon influences dLGE and OPC identity from progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Talley
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Diana Nardini
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Shenyue Qin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lisa A Ehrman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ronald R Waclaw
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Radio FC, Pang K, Ciolfi A, Levy MA, Hernández-García A, Pedace L, Pantaleoni F, Liu Z, de Boer E, Jackson A, Bruselles A, McConkey H, Stellacci E, Lo Cicero S, Motta M, Carrozzo R, Dentici ML, McWalter K, Desai M, Monaghan KG, Telegrafi A, Philippe C, Vitobello A, Au M, Grand K, Sanchez-Lara PA, Baez J, Lindstrom K, Kulch P, Sebastian J, Madan-Khetarpal S, Roadhouse C, MacKenzie JJ, Monteleone B, Saunders CJ, Jean Cuevas JK, Cross L, Zhou D, Hartley T, Sawyer SL, Monteiro FP, Secches TV, Kok F, Schultz-Rogers LE, Macke EL, Morava E, Klee EW, Kemppainen J, Iascone M, Selicorni A, Tenconi R, Amor DJ, Pais L, Gallacher L, Turnpenny PD, Stals K, Ellard S, Cabet S, Lesca G, Pascal J, Steindl K, Ravid S, Weiss K, Castle AMR, Carter MT, Kalsner L, de Vries BBA, van Bon BW, Wevers MR, Pfundt R, Stegmann APA, Kerr B, Kingston HM, Chandler KE, Sheehan W, Elias AF, Shinde DN, Towne MC, Robin NH, Goodloe D, Vanderver A, Sherbini O, Bluske K, Hagelstrom RT, Zanus C, Faletra F, Musante L, Kurtz-Nelson EC, Earl RK, Anderlid BM, Morin G, van Slegtenhorst M, Diderich KEM, Brooks AS, Gribnau J, Boers RG, Finestra TR, Carter LB, Rauch A, Gasparini P, Boycott KM, Barakat TS, Graham JM, Faivre L, Banka S, Wang T, Eichler EE, Priolo M, Dallapiccola B, Vissers LELM, Sadikovic B, Scott DA, Holder JL, Tartaglia M. SPEN haploinsufficiency causes a neurodevelopmental disorder overlapping proximal 1p36 deletion syndrome with an episignature of X chromosomes in females. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:502-516. [PMID: 33596411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion 1p36 (del1p36) syndrome is the most common human disorder resulting from a terminal autosomal deletion. This condition is molecularly and clinically heterogeneous. Deletions involving two non-overlapping regions, known as the distal (telomeric) and proximal (centromeric) critical regions, are sufficient to cause the majority of the recurrent clinical features, although with different facial features and dysmorphisms. SPEN encodes a transcriptional repressor commonly deleted in proximal del1p36 syndrome and is located centromeric to the proximal 1p36 critical region. Here, we used clinical data from 34 individuals with truncating variants in SPEN to define a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with features that overlap considerably with those of proximal del1p36 syndrome. The clinical profile of this disease includes developmental delay/intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, aggressive behavior, attention deficit disorder, hypotonia, brain and spine anomalies, congenital heart defects, high/narrow palate, facial dysmorphisms, and obesity/increased BMI, especially in females. SPEN also emerges as a relevant gene for del1p36 syndrome by co-expression analyses. Finally, we show that haploinsufficiency of SPEN is associated with a distinctive DNA methylation episignature of the X chromosome in affected females, providing further evidence of a specific contribution of the protein to the epigenetic control of this chromosome, and a paradigm of an X chromosome-specific episignature that classifies syndromic traits. We conclude that SPEN is required for multiple developmental processes and SPEN haploinsufficiency is a major contributor to a disorder associated with deletions centromeric to the previously established 1p36 critical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaifang Pang
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Michael A Levy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Andrés Hernández-García
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Oncohaematology Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Jackson
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9 WL Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M13 9WL Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Haley McConkey
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Emilia Stellacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Lo Cicero
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialetizia Motta
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Philippe
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD (Génétique des Anomalies du Développement), Université de Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, CHU, Dijon Bourgogne, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD (Génétique des Anomalies du Développement), Université de Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, CHU, Dijon Bourgogne, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Margaret Au
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joanne Baez
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Peggy Kulch
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Jessica Sebastian
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | | | | | - Berrin Monteleone
- Clinical genetics, NYU Langone Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Carol J Saunders
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - July K Jean Cuevas
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Laura Cross
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Sarah L Sawyer
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | | | - Fernando Kok
- Mendelics Genomic Analysis, Campo Belo - São Paulo 04013-000, Brazil
| | | | - Erica L Macke
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | - Romano Tenconi
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Padova, 35137 Padua, Italy
| | - David J Amor
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lynn Pais
- Medical and Populations Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lyndon Gallacher
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Karen Stals
- Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sara Cabet
- Department of Genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Joset Pascal
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarit Ravid
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Karin Weiss
- Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Alison M R Castle
- Department of Genetics, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Melissa T Carter
- Department of Genetics, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Louisa Kalsner
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Bert B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bregje W van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke R Wevers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander P A Stegmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M13 9WL Manchester, UK
| | - Helen M Kingston
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M13 9WL Manchester, UK
| | - Kate E Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M13 9WL Manchester, UK
| | - Willow Sheehan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shodair Children's Hospital, Helena, MT 59601, USA
| | - Abdallah F Elias
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shodair Children's Hospital, Helena, MT 59601, USA
| | | | | | - Nathaniel H Robin
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dana Goodloe
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Omar Sherbini
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Krista Bluske
- Illumina Clinical Services Laboratory, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | | | - Caterina Zanus
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luciana Musante
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Rachel K Earl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilles Morin
- CA de Génétique Clinique & Oncogénétique, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin E M Diderich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben G Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teresa Robert Finestra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lauren B Carter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Levine Children's Hospital Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," 34137 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Science, University of Trieste, 34143 Trieste, Italy
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John M Graham
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD et Institut GIMI, 77908 Dijon, France; UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 77908 Dijon, France
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9 WL Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M13 9WL Manchester, UK
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Manuela Priolo
- UOSD Genetica Medica del Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli" di Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jimmy Lloyd Holder
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Chiara L, Marta T, Dario T, Tommaso V, Roberta O, Cesare C, Elisabetta F, Alessandro DL, Marco T, Donato R, Giuseppe Z. Enlarged spinal nerve roots in RASopathies: Report of two cases. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104187. [PMID: 33676063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
RASopathies are a group of genetic conditions caused by germline variants in genes encoding signal transducers and modulators of the RAS-MAPK cascade. These disorders are multisystem diseases with considerable clinical overlap, even though distinct hallmarks are recognizable for each specific syndrome. Here we report on the presence of enlarged spinal nerve roots resembling neurofibromas, a typical neuroradiological finding of neurofibromatosis type 1, in two patients with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of Noonan syndrome and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, respectively. This evidence add enlarged spinal nerve roots as features shared among RASopathies. Future studies aiming to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to neurogenic tumor development in these patients are necessary to define their biological nature, evolution, prognosis and possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni Chiara
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tedesco Marta
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Talloa Dario
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Verdolotti Tommaso
- UOC Radiologia e Neuroradiologia, Dipartimento di diagnostica per immagini, Oncologica ed ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Onesimo Roberta
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Colosimo Cesare
- UOC Radiologia e Neuroradiologia, Dipartimento di diagnostica per immagini, Oncologica ed ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Flex Elisabetta
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - De Luca Alessandro
- Medical Genetics Division, IRCCS Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tartaglia Marco
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rigante Donato
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Zampino Giuseppe
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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49
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Alfieri P, Cumbo F, Serra G, Trasolini M, Frattini C, Scibelli F, Licchelli S, Cirillo F, Caciolo C, Casini MP, D’Amico A, Tartaglia M, Digilio MC, Capolino R, Vicari S. Manic and Depressive Symptoms in Children Diagnosed with Noonan Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020233. [PMID: 33668418 PMCID: PMC7918671 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a dominant clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous developmental disorder caused by germ-line mutations encoding components of the Ras–MAPK signaling pathway. A few studies have investigated psychopathological features occurring in individuals with NS, although they were poorly analyzed. The aim of the present work is to investigate the psychopathological features in children and adolescents with NS focusing on depressive and hypo-manic symptoms. Thirty-seven subjects with molecularly confirmed diagnosis were systematically evaluated through a psychopathological assessment. In addition, an evaluation of the cognitive level was performed. Our analyses showed a high recurrence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder symptoms, emotional dysregulation, irritability, and anxiety symptomatology. The mean cognitive level was on the average. The present study provides new relevant information on psychopathological features in individuals with NS. The implications for clinicians are discussed including the monitoring of mood disorders in a clinical evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Alfieri
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668594721
| | - Francesca Cumbo
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Giulia Serra
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Monia Trasolini
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Camilla Frattini
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Francesco Scibelli
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Serena Licchelli
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
- Fondazione UILDM Lazio Onlus, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Cirillo
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Cristina Caciolo
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Maria Pia Casini
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
- Section of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Adele D’Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (M.C.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (M.C.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Rossella Capolino
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (M.C.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (G.S.); (M.T.); (C.F.); (F.S.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (C.C.); (M.P.C.); (S.V.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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50
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Marmion RA, Yang L, Goyal Y, Jindal GA, Wetzel JL, Singh M, Schüpbach T, Shvartsman SY. Molecular mechanisms underlying cellular effects of human MEK1 mutations. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:974-983. [PMID: 33476180 PMCID: PMC8108529 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal regions of Drosophila embryos are patterned by signaling through ERK, which is genetically deregulated in multiple human diseases. Quantitative studies of terminal patterning have been recently used to investigate gain-of-function variants of human MEK1, encoding the MEK kinase that directly activates ERK by dual phosphorylation. Unexpectedly, several mutations reduced ERK activation by extracellular signals, possibly through a negative feedback triggered by signal-independent activity of the mutant variants. Here we present experimental evidence supporting this model. Using a MEK variant that combines a mutation within the negative regulatory region with alanine substitutions in the activation loop, we prove that pathogenic variants indeed acquire signal-independent kinase activity. We also demonstrate that signal-dependent activation of these variants is independent of kinase suppressor of Ras, a conserved adaptor that is indispensable for activation of normal MEK. Finally, we show that attenuation of ERK activation by extracellular signals stems from transcriptional induction of Mkp3, a dual specificity phosphatase that deactivates ERK by dephosphorylation. These findings in the Drosophila embryo highlight its power for investigating diverse effects of human disease mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Marmion
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Liu Yang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Yogesh Goyal
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Granton A Jindal
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Joshua L Wetzel
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Mona Singh
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Trudi Schüpbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010
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