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Tidwell JB, Pinchoff J, Abuya T, Muluve E, Mwanga D, Mbushi F, Austrian K. The limits of nudging: Results of a randomized trial of text messages to promote home-based caregiving and reduce perceptions of stigma for COVID-19 patients in Kenyan informal settlements. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305206. [PMID: 39208159 PMCID: PMC11361586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
During the early stages of the global COVID-19 pandemic, governments searched for effective means to rapidly disseminate information about how to prevent the disease and care for sick household members. In June 2020, the government of Kenya considered sending text messages, a behavioral nudging approach, to inform and persuade the public to practice home-based care for those who were infected. We conducted a randomized evaluation of simple informational messages compared to messages targeting personal and social benefits for those receiving the messages. We hypothesized that those that received messages tailored around social or personal benefit would be more likely to undertake the promoted behaviors of isolating if infected with COVID-19 and intending to care for an infected family member. While fear and perceptions of stigma were widespread, more than two-thirds of respondents in the control condition expressed an intention to care for an infected family member at home. Despite greater recall of the personal benefit message, which used reciprocity as its key behavioral lever, intentions to provide care at home and perceptions of stigma did not differ across study groups. Rather, capabilities such as wealth and having sufficient room at home were the key determinants. While text messages as behavioral nudges may be useful for some behaviors, policymakers should consider a broader range of tools for behaviors that are influenced by people's capabilities, since even low-cost interventions may crowd out the time and energy needed for other responses during an emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Tidwell
- World Vision Inc., Washington, DC, United States of America
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jessie Pinchoff
- Population Council, United States–Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Timothy Abuya
- Population Council, Kenya–International Program, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eva Muluve
- Population Council, Kenya–International Program, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Mwanga
- Population Council, Kenya–International Program, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Faith Mbushi
- Population Council, Kenya–International Program, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Karen Austrian
- Population Council, Kenya–International Program, Nairobi, Kenya
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Negarandeh R, Shahmari M, Zare L. Stigmatization experiences of healthcare workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:823. [PMID: 39020333 PMCID: PMC11253434 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers face the stigmatization of those caring for COVID-19 patients, creating a significant social problem. Therefore, this study investigated the stigmatization of healthcare workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In this scoping review study, searches were conducted from December 2019 to August 2023 in Persian and English using various databases and search engines including PubMed (Medline), Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, Springer, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and national databases. The study used English keywords such as Social Stigma, Health Personnel, Healthcare Worker, Medical Staff, Medical Personal, Physicians, doctors, Nurses, nursing staff, COVID-19, and coronavirus disease 2019, and their Persian equivalents, and their Persian equivalents to explore healthcare workers' experiences of COVID-19-related stigma. RESULTS From a total of 12,200 search results, 77 eligible studies were included in this study. stigmatization of healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients was evident from the literature because of fear, misinformation, and negative self-image. Manifestations were violence and deprivation of social rights, resulting in adverse biopsychosocial, occupational, and economic consequences. This condition can affect negatively health staff themselves, their families, and society as well. Anti-stigmatization measures include informing society about the realities faced by healthcare workers, presenting an accurate and empathetic image of health workers, providing psychosocial support to health workers, and encouraging them to turn to spirituality as a coping mechanism. There are notable research gaps in comprehending the phenomenon, exploring its variations across diverse healthcare roles and cultural contexts, examining its long-term effects, and monitoring shifts in stigma perceptions over time. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the stigmatization of healthcare workers, causing mistreatment and rights violations. This stigma persists even post-pandemic, posing a psychological dilemma for caregivers. Addressing this requires comprehensive strategies, including tailored stigma prevention programs and research to understand its psychological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Negarandeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Shahmari
- Department of Medical-Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Leily Zare
- Department of Medical Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Narita Z, Okubo R, Sasaki Y, Takeda K, Takao M, Komaki H, Oi H, Miyama T, Kim Y. Psychological distress mediates the association between COVID-19-related discrimination and subsequent PTSD symptom severity in healthcare workers: a two-year follow-up study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1834. [PMID: 38982334 PMCID: PMC11234701 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research has suggested a cross-sectional association between COVID-19-related discrimination and PTSD symptom severity. However, no cohort study has examined the longitudinal association that better supports causal interpretation. Also, even if such an association genuinely exists, the specific pathway remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a two-year follow-up study, obtaining data from healthcare workers in a hospital setting. We first evaluated how COVID-19-related discrimination in 2021 was associated with subsequent PTSD symptom severity in 2023. Thereafter, we conducted causal mediation analysis to examine how this association was mediated by psychological distress in 2022, accounting for exposure-mediator interaction. Missing data were handled using random forest imputation. RESULTS A total of 660 hospital staff were included. The fully adjusted model showed greater PTSD symptom severity in individuals who experienced any COVID-19-related discrimination compared with those without such experiences (β, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.04-0.90). Regarding each type of discrimination, perceived discrimination was associated with greater PTSD symptom severity (β, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.08-0.96), whereas verbal discrimination did not reach statistical significance. Psychological distress mediated 28.1%-38.8% of the observed associations. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19-related discrimination is associated with subsequent PTSD symptom severity in healthcare workers. Psychological distress may serve as an important mediator, underscoring the potential need for interventions targeting this factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, 4-2-2 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasaki
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, 4-2-2 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, 4-2-2 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Komaki
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, 4-2-2 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Oi
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, 4-2-2 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyama
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, 4-2-2 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
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Wu CF, Lin TY, Chiu SK, Cheng CH, Su WL. Quality of Life and Emotional Problems of COVID-19 Patients after Discharge: A One-Month Longitudinal Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:488. [PMID: 38391863 PMCID: PMC10888067 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Taiwan occurred in May 2021 and many individuals were infected. All COVID-19 patients were quarantined in designated facilities until they fully recovered to prevent the spread of the disease. Prolonged quarantine could adversely affect these patients. In this study, we focused on investigating changes in the quality of life and mental health of individuals discharged from hospital after recovering from COVID-19. METHODS This study employed a longitudinal design and surveyed individuals discharged from a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan in 2021 within one week of their discharge and again after one month. An online questionnaire comprising the participants' background, respiratory function (COPD Assessment Test), quality of life (WHOQoL-BREF), and emotional problems (DASS-21) was administered to the participants. RESULTS A total of 56 participants actively took part in both surveys. We observed that participants with abnormal respiratory function had a lower physical and psychological quality of life, especially those with severe symptoms requiring endotracheal intubation during the treatment period of COVID-19. Additionally, approximately 30% of participants experienced anxiety problems throughout this study period. Finally, patients with COVID-19 symptoms exhibited a lower quality of life and higher levels of severe emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS According to our findings, it is necessary to monitor and provide appropriate interventions for individuals who have recovered from COVID-19, especially those who experienced severe symptoms that required endotracheal intubation during COVID-19 treatment. These interventions, such as symptom management and psychological support, can help improve their quality of life and reduce emotional problems. Therefore, after the participants are discharged, hospitals should regularly track the patients' status and provide appropriate support or referrals to help these individuals. Otherwise, future research could include more participants and follow up with them for longer to investigate the longitudinal impact of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Feng Wu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
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Joho AA, Abdallah S. "We always felt psychologically unstable": A qualitative study of midwives' experiences in providing maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2086. [PMID: 38268291 PMCID: PMC10782406 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM We explored midwives' experiences and challenges in providing maternity care during the period of the first surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in Dodoma. DESIGN Phenomenological study design was used to explore midwives' experiences and challenges in providing maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania. METHODS We conducted interviews with a total of 23 midwives, using semi-structured interviews and an audio recorder. Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. To analyse the data, we used interpretive phenomenological thematic data analysis with NVivo software. To analyse templates, we followed a step-by-step process, starting with familiarizing ourselves with the data, followed by preliminary coding, organizing themes, developing an initial coding template, using the initial template, refining the template and finally applying it to the entire dataset. RESULTS It was found that three themes and eight subthemes merged in the current study. The main themes were ① mental health distress, ② work environment challenges and ③ isolation of midwives by different groups. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Reducing risk and protecting midwives from infectious diseases will improve the workforce, reduce the number of hospital stays, reduce the cost of hospital services, improve birth outcomes and indirectly improve family, community and national economies. CONCLUSION Due to the system's failure to provide psychological support, protective environment and isolation rooms for confirmed or suspected cases put midwives at a higher risk of contracting the virus and had to work in a stressful environment. In addition to having the right tools, midwives must also receive emotional and psychological support in order to be at their best. The system must ensure that midwives are ready for uncertain times, such as pandemic infectious disease outbreaks, by providing protective work place environment such as personal protective equipment, psychological support and isolation room for confirmed COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina A. Joho
- Department of Clinical NursingSchool of Nursing and Public HealthThe University of DodomaDodomaTanzania
| | - Subira Abdallah
- Department of Clinical NursingSchool of Nursing and Public HealthThe University of DodomaDodomaTanzania
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Khoddam H, Modanloo M, Mohammadi R, Talebi R. From pervasive chaos to evolutionary transition: The experience of healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2035. [PMID: 38268249 PMCID: PMC10701295 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic confronted healthcare providers, especially physicians and nurses, with many unprecedented changes and physical and psychological pressures. This study aimed to explore the healthcare providers' experiences providing healthcare services for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in "Golestan, Northeast Iran". DESIGN Qualitative, conventional content analysis. METHODS A total of 13 eligible participants were recruited through the purposeful sampling method. Data were gathered using semi-structured in-depth individual interviews. Transcripts were analysed using an inductive content analysis based on the Elo and Kyngas model. The COREQ checklist was used to prepare the manuscript. RESULTS The analysis of the data in this study led to the development of 16 subthemes and 5 themes emerged as follows pervasive chaos, imposed difficulties, paradoxical perceptions, committed efforts, and constructive transition. CONCLUSION The experience of HCPs during the COVID pandemic in "Iran" showed that despite the physical, mental, emotional, and social consequences, a kind of constructive evolution and transition has also taken place in personal, professional, and organizational dimensions. It is suggested that managers while strengthening and protecting the capabilities and skills that have emerged, to reduce the tensions of HCPs, have developed programs for comprehensive support from them in physical, psychological, social, and financial dimensions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE It is necessary to improve inter-professional cooperation, empathy, teamwork, professional commitment, and continuous learning in crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homeira Khoddam
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Nursing Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Mahnaz Modanloo
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Nursing Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Sayyad Shirazi HospitalGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Razieh Talebi
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Nursing Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
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Baez Caraballo P, Schriger S, Escober J, Acevedo A, García Alejandro A, Halpern M, Lowenthal E. Reaching "covidianidad": A qualitative study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceived mental health of health care workers in the Dominican Republic. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002652. [PMID: 38039282 PMCID: PMC10691706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the lives of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Dominican Republic. We also aimed to identify the types of resources that HCWs felt were needed to support their mental health. We used purposive and convenience sampling in four health centers in the eastern Dominican Republic to recruit 28 HCWs (doctors, nurses, psychologists, and community health workers) between April 2021 and August 2021. Through semi-structured interviews, we elicited HCWs experiences during the pandemic and how they felt these experiences impacted their mental health. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an inductive/deductive thematic approach. Main stressors experienced during the pandemic by HCWs and their sequelae included anxiety due to misinformation and uncertainty, fear of the disease, the robustness of pandemic-related changes they faced in their work and daily life, and COVID-19's economic impact. HCWs reflected on protective factors that transformed their acute sense of crisis felt at the beginning of the pandemic into what HCWs referred to as "covidianidad [everyday COVID]", a situation that became manageable through mechanisms including social support, professional motivation, positive work environment and resilience. Lastly, HCWs identified stigmatization of and limited access to mental health services as challenges to supporting their mental health. While Dominican HCWs were vulnerable to the challenges posed by COVID-19 in sustaining their mental health, for many, the situation became manageable through the evolution of "covidianidad." Further research and interventions are needed to reduce stigmatization of mental health services and foment a positive environment for HCWs' mental health, to promote resiliency to future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Schriger
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Escober
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ana Acevedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Mina Halpern
- Clínica de Familia La Romana, La Romana, Dominican Republic
| | - Elizabeth Lowenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Global Health Center, The Children´s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Moorthy V, Alagarsamy S, Mehrolia S, Jeevananda S. The use of self-protective measures to prevent COVID-19 spread: an application of the health belief model. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2977-2992. [PMID: 36582073 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2162935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study uses a health belief model to examine the preventive behavioral orientation or self-protective measures adopted by people in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 603 participants were selected from the city of Bangalore, India. The data was collected through an online survey with participants' age varying between 17 and 54 and mean as 23 years (SD = 4.32). The findings revealed that perceived barrier has significant negative impact, while perceived threat, perceived consequences, perceived benefits, community and individual self-efficacy, and general health cues have a positive influence on an individual's intention to follow self-protective measures against COVID-19. Based on the constructs of the health belief model, this study proposes multiple health-related interventions to reduce the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Moorthy
- School of Business and Management, Christ University, Bangalore, India
| | - Subburaj Alagarsamy
- School of Business, Manipal Academy of Higher Education - Dubai Campus, International Academic City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sangeeta Mehrolia
- School of Business and Management, Christ University, Bangalore, India
| | - S Jeevananda
- School of Business and Management, Christ University, Bangalore, India
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Ranjit YS, Das M, Meisenbach R. COVID-19 Courtesy Stigma among Healthcare Providers in India: A Study of Stigma Management Communication and its Impact. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:2833-2842. [PMID: 36109847 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2122279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In early 2020, the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic hit India, generating one of the highest rates of infection and death in the world. Meanwhile, healthcare workers experienced stigma and discrimination due to their association with COVID-19 patients. This study analyzed healthcare workers' experience of courtesy stigma in India, the communication strategies they used to manage stigma, and the impact on their mental health. A cross-sectional survey of 150 healthcare workers in India showed that almost 50% experienced discrimination due to their association with COVID-19 patients. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling, this study found that experience of discrimination was associated with perceived courtesy stigma. Two stigma management strategies (reducing offensiveness and passive acceptance) mediated the relationship between perceived courtesy stigma and perceived stress and depression. Participants also reported engaging in stigma management strategies of bonding with other healthcare professionals and passive acceptance of the stigma more than reducing stigma and displaying/disclosing stigma. We conclude that perhaps due to depletion of cognitive and emotional resources, healthcare workers engaged more in social support (bonding) and passive stigma acceptance strategies to alleviate the stress associated with providing COVID-19 patient care. Practical and theoretical implications are further discussed.
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Thu Pham H, Viet Cao T, Bich Le N, T-T Nguyen N, Thi Ngoc Vuong B, Vu Dieu Pham L, Thu Hoang T, Thi Hanh Pham T, Ngoc Nguyen T, Thi Thu Bui H, Van Tran T, Thuy Vu L, Thi Le P. Depression, anxiety and stress among healthcare workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital in Northern Vietnam. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1231326. [PMID: 37794894 PMCID: PMC10546943 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1231326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The outbreak of coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) had significant effects on the mental well-being in general, particularly for healthcare professionals. This study examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and identified the associated risk factors amongst healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in a tertiary hospital located in Vietnam. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at a tertiary-level hospital, where the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) web-based questionnaire was employed. We analyzed the determinant factors by employing multivariate logistic models. Results The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 19.2%, 24.7%, and 13.9%, respectively. Factors such as engaging in shift work during the pandemic, taking care of patients with COVID-19, and staff's health status were associated with mental health issues among health professionals. In addition, having alternate rest periods was likely to reduce the risk of stress. Conclusion The prevalence of mental health problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively high. Having resting periods could potentially mitigate the development of stress among health professionals. Our findings could be taken into account for improving mental health of the health professional population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thu Pham
- Department of Human Resources, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tung Viet Cao
- Heart Center, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Bich Le
- Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nhung T-T Nguyen
- Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bich Thi Ngoc Vuong
- Department of Human Resources, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Vu Dieu Pham
- Department of Human Resources, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thu Hoang
- Department of Human Resources, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Hanh Pham
- Department of Human Resources, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Human Resources, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thu Bui
- Department of Human Resources, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tho Van Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thuy Vu
- International medical Center, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Le
- Department of Human Resources, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Țăranu SM, Ștefăniu R, Rotaru TȘ, Turcu AM, Pîslaru AI, Sandu IA, Herghelegiu AM, Prada GI, Alexa ID, Ilie AC. Factors Associated with Burnout in Medical Staff: A Look Back at the Role of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2533. [PMID: 37761730 PMCID: PMC10530693 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant consequences for medical practice and public health, burnout in healthcare workers remains underestimated. Pandemic periods have increased the reactivity to stress by favoring some changes whose influence are still felt. PURPOSE This study aims to identify opportune factors during pandemic periods that predispose medical personnel to burnout and the differences between medical staff which worked with COVID-19 patients and those who did not work with COVID-19 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a prospective study on 199 subjects, medical staff and auxiliary staff from national health units, COVID-19 and non-COVID-19, who answered questions using the Google Forms platform about the level of stress related to the workplace and the changes produced there. All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 28). RESULTS The limited equipment and disinfectant solutions from the lack of medical resources category, the fear of contracting or transmitting the infection from the fears in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic category and the lack of personal and system-level experience in combating the infection due to the lack of information on and experience with COVID-19 were the most predisposing factors for burnout. No significant differences were recorded between those on the front line and the other healthcare representatives. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study identify the stressors generated in the pandemic context with prognostic value in the development of burnout among medical personnel. At the same time, our data draw attention to the cynicism or false-optimism stage of burnout, which can mask a real decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabinne-Marie Țăranu
- Department of Medical Specialties II, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ramona Ștefăniu
- Department of Medical Specialties II, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Tudor-Ștefan Rotaru
- Department of Medical Specialties II, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Turcu
- Department of Medical Specialties II, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Anca Iuliana Pîslaru
- Department of Medical Specialties II, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ioana Alexandra Sandu
- Department of Medical Specialties II, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Anna Marie Herghelegiu
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 București, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ioan Prada
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 București, Romania
| | - Ioana Dana Alexa
- Department of Medical Specialties II, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Adina Carmen Ilie
- Department of Medical Specialties II, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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12
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Huang J, Kwan MP, Tse LA, He SY. How People's COVID-19 Induced-Worries and Multiple Environmental Exposures Are Associated with Their Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during the Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6620. [PMID: 37623202 PMCID: PMC10454930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates how people's perceived COVID-19 risk, worries about financial hardship, job loss, and family conflicts, and exposures to greenspace, PM2.5, and noise (in people's residential neighborhoods and daily activity locations) are related to their depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a two-day activity-travel diary, a questionnaire, and real-time air pollutant and noise sensors, a survey was conducted to collect data from 221 participants living in two residential neighborhoods of Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. Linear regression was conducted to explore the relationships. Significant associations between people's COVID-19-related worries and exposures to grassland and PM2.5 with depression, anxiety, and stress were found in the results. These associations with depression, anxiety, and stress vary depending on people's demographic attributes. These results can help direct the public authorities' efforts in dealing with the public mental health crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Huang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (J.H.); (L.A.T.)
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (J.H.); (L.A.T.)
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (J.H.); (L.A.T.)
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sylvia Y. He
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China;
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13
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Hazumi M, Kataoka M, Usuda K, Narita Z, Okazaki E, Nishi D. Difference in the risk of discrimination on psychological distress experienced by early wave infected and late wave infected COVID-19 survivors in Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13139. [PMID: 37573383 PMCID: PMC10423270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The psychological distress experienced by coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) survivors after recovery from the illness is amplified by discrimination endured because of their infection status. However, the difference in the risk of facing discrimination and risk of experiencing psychological distress in the early and late waves of the COVID-19 pandemic remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the risk of facing discrimination because of infection status was lower in the early or late waves and whether risk of discrimination on psychological distress was more serious in later, rather than earlier waves. We conducted two online surveys to collect data from survivors divided into two groups. The participants with scores of five or more on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were identified as having experienced psychological distress. The participants were identified as having experienced discrimination based on infection status if they had endured being blamed, some type of discrimination, or having themselves or their families maligned. The timing of infection was split into infected during early waves of the pandemic for 2021 participants and infected during later waves of the pandemic for 2022 participants. Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed using experiences of discrimination as criteria and timing of infection as predictors. Modified Poisson regression analyses were further performed using the presence of psychological distress as a criteria and experiences of discrimination and timing of infection as the criteria, in addition to interaction effect of these es. The data of 6010 participants who were infected in early waves and 5344 participants who were infected in later waves were analyzed. The risks of being blamed, some forms of discrimination, and participants and their families being maligned were significantly lower in the group who were infected in later waves than those infected in earlier waves. Experiences of discrimination were highly associated with psychological distress in those infected in later waves than those infected in earlier waves, while only being blamed showed a significant association. Risk of discrimination was found to be lower in those infected in later waves, whereas risk of discrimination on psychological distress was shown to be more serious in those infected in later waves. Therefore, we submit that it is more important to support COVID-19 survivors who face discrimination, than it is to attempt to decrease the current discriminatory climate caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hazumi
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorder, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kataoka
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Usuda
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Emi Okazaki
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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14
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Nahidi M, Ghalandarzadeh M, Sinichi F, Sahebzadeh N, Eslami S, Reihani H, Emadzadeh M, Fayyazi Bordbar MR. Investigating the psychological effects of home quarantine during the early peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey from Iran. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:136-145. [PMID: 36730691 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We assessed psychological symptoms among individuals who were quarantined during early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) peaks. This cross-sectional study was performed during April-October 2020 in Iran. We surveyed 100 individuals with COVID-19 patients in their families and 100 others with health conditions associated with a higher risk of developing critical forms of COVID-19 infection, who have completed at least 14 days of home quarantine. Validated Persian versions of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress and 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised were used to measure the symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and distress. The rates of stress, anxiety, depression and quarantine-related distress were 46.5, 48.5, 57.0 and 80.5%, respectively; however, they were not significantly different between the contact and no-contact groups. Female sex and being unemployed were significantly associated with quarantine-related distress, P = 0.007 and P = 0.018, respectively. Independent risk factors for anxiety were a history of medical comorbidity ( P = 0.025) and contact with COVID-19 patients ( P = 0.007). Findings show high prevalence rates of psychological symptoms among quarantined individuals, regardless of whether they had contact with COVID-19 patients or not. Female sex and unemployment were risk factors for quarantine-related distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Nahidi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Centers
| | | | | | | | - Saeid Eslami
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Lin JL, Wang YK. Lessons from the stigma of COVID-19 survivors: A Marxist criticism appraisal. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156240. [PMID: 37064674 PMCID: PMC10097934 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigma refers to devalued stereotypes that create barriers for stigmatized individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the stigmatization of survivors worsened existing inequalities and triggered mass hysteria. The paper delves into the stigmatization experienced by COVID-19 survivors and the role of Marxist criticism in analyzing this issue. The main findings from the empiricist tradition approach suggest that the perception of COVID-19 stigma is higher among those who are older, belong to ethnic minorities, lack social support, have manual occupations, and possess lower levels of education. The proposed destigmatization pathways include psychological counseling services, social support, and health education. Employing a Marxist perspective can aid in illuminating how economic practices and material conditions influence prevalent ideologies related to stigma. The stigmatization of COVID-19 survivors may be perceived as a consequence of social power inequality, although the current emphasis on individual characteristics as triggers for stigma may neglect the wider systemic forces in operation. Thus, it’s crucial to establish improved social care policies to combat exploitation and oppression due to power imbalances. The ultimate objective of such an examination is to identify effective approaches to tackle and eradicate stigma regarding health-related concerns. An interdisciplinary approach integrating a pluralistic perspective would benefit investigating how social systems and individual attributes contribute to the exacerbation of social inequality and stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Lin
- School of Marxism, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wang
- School of Sociology and Law, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Kun Wang,
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16
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Narita Z, Okubo R, Sasaki Y, Takeda K, Ohmagari N, Yamaguchi K, Morisaki N, Sampei M, Ishitsuka K, Kojima M, Nishimura K, Inoue M, Yamamoto S, Konishi M, Miyo K, Mizoue T. Association of COVID-19-related discrimination with subsequent depression and suicidal ideation in healthcare workers. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:153-158. [PMID: 36731380 PMCID: PMC9849914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional studies showed that COVID-19-related discrimination against healthcare workers was linked to depression. However, no study has examined the longitudinal association that allows causal interpretations. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine whether COVID-19-related discrimination at baseline is associated with depression and suicidal ideation several months later. Data were collected from October 2020 to July 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was performed. Fixed effects models were used to control for the effect of hospitals (Level 2 variable). Adjustments also included age, sex, living alone, alcohol consumption, exercise, BMI, working hours, comorbidity, and frontline worker status (Level 1 variables). Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine if the results substantially changed and were robust to unmeasured confounding. Multiple imputation for missing data was conducted via chained equations. As the final sample, 2862 healthcare workers without depression at baseline were studied. A total of 269 individuals (9.4%) experienced COVID-19-related discrimination. Depression was suggested in 205 participants (7.2%), and suicidal ideation in 108 participants (3.8%). In the adjusted models, COVID-19-related discrimination was significantly associated with subsequent depression (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.39 to 2.90) and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.22 to 3.50). Multiple sensitivity analyses verified the results. COVID-19-related discrimination results in depression and suicidal ideation in healthcare workers. Interventions to prevent such discrimination against healthcare workers, e.g., anti-discrimination campaigns, are crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yohei Sasaki
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koushi Yamaguchi
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makiko Sampei
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health Science, Health Promotion, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazue Ishitsuka
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayo Kojima
- Department of Frailty Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kengo Miyo
- Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Saville NM, Bhattarai S, Harris-Fry H, Giri S, Manandhar S, Morrison J, Copas A, Thapaliya B, Arjyal A, Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Baral SC, Hillman S. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a virtual antenatal intervention for improved diet and iron intake in Kapilvastu district, Nepal: VALID. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064709. [PMID: 36797013 PMCID: PMC9936277 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite evidence that iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements can improve anaemia in pregnant women, uptake in Nepal is suboptimal. We hypothesised that providing virtual counselling twice in mid-pregnancy, would increase compliance to IFA tablets during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with antenatal care (ANC alone. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This non-blinded individually randomised controlled trial in the plains of Nepal has two study arms: (1) control: routine ANC; and (2) 'Virtual' antenatal counselling plus routine ANC. Pregnant women are eligible to enrol if they are married, aged 13-49 years, able to respond to questions, 12-28 weeks' gestation, and plan to reside in Nepal for the next 5 weeks. The intervention comprises two virtual counselling sessions facilitated by auxiliary nurse midwives at least 2 weeks apart in mid-pregnancy. Virtual counselling uses a dialogical problem-solving approach with pregnant women and their families. We randomised 150 pregnant women to each arm, stratifying by primigravida/multigravida and IFA consumption at baseline, providing 80% power to detect a 15% absolute difference in primary outcome assuming 67% prevalence in control arm and 10% loss-to-follow-up. Outcomes are measured 49-70 days after enrolment, or up to delivery otherwise. PRIMARY OUTCOME consumption of IFA on at least 80% of the previous 14 days. SECONDARY OUTCOMES dietary diversity, consumption of intervention-promoted foods, practicing ways to enhance bioavailability and knowledge of iron-rich foods. Our mixed-methods process evaluation explores acceptability, fidelity, feasibility, coverage (equity and reach), sustainability and pathways to impact. We estimate costs and cost-effectiveness of the intervention from a provider perspective. Primary analysis is by intention-to-treat, using logistic regression. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION We obtained ethical approval from Nepal Health Research Council (570/2021) and UCL ethics committee (14301/001). We will disseminate findings in peer-reviewed journal articles and by engaging policymakers in Nepal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN17842200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Saville
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Helen Harris-Fry
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Joanna Morrison
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sushil C Baral
- HERD International, Kathmandu, Nepal
- HERD, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sara Hillman
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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18
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Wałowska K, Domaradzki J. Superheroes or Super Spreaders? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Attitudes towards Nurses: A Qualitative Study from Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2912. [PMID: 36833609 PMCID: PMC9957068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The social perception of the nursing profession in Poland is profoundly affected by social stereotypes that may discourage young people from entering the profession and lead to prejudice towards nurses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses gained visibility, which caused the social image of nurses to likewise grow. In this study, we explore nurses' experiences with respect to how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the social image of nursing. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen hospital nurses. Three major themes emerged: (1) social attitudes towards nurses during the pandemic, (2) nurses' perception of the impact of the pandemic on the social image of the nursing profession and (3) the impact of the pandemic on nurses' mental health. Although the pandemic promoted the image of nursing to the general public, nurses were disappointed that in the face of the healthcare crisis and the constant threat, they had to struggle with difficult working conditions and professional, social and economic recognition. This study therefore stresses the duty of policy makers to undertake a systemic approach to improving the organisation of health care and increase nurses' safety by providing them with a safe working environment and prepare them better for the next health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wałowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases, Internal Medicine and Dietetics, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Domaradzki
- Laboratory of Health Sociology and Social Pathology, Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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19
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Wałowska K, Domaradzki J. Superheroes or Super Spreaders? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Attitudes towards Nurses: A Qualitative Study from Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2912. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The social perception of the nursing profession in Poland is profoundly affected by social stereotypes that may discourage young people from entering the profession and lead to prejudice towards nurses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses gained visibility, which caused the social image of nurses to likewise grow. In this study, we explore nurses’ experiences with respect to how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the social image of nursing. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen hospital nurses. Three major themes emerged: (1) social attitudes towards nurses during the pandemic, (2) nurses’ perception of the impact of the pandemic on the social image of the nursing profession and (3) the impact of the pandemic on nurses’ mental health. Although the pandemic promoted the image of nursing to the general public, nurses were disappointed that in the face of the healthcare crisis and the constant threat, they had to struggle with difficult working conditions and professional, social and economic recognition. This study therefore stresses the duty of policy makers to undertake a systemic approach to improving the organisation of health care and increase nurses’ safety by providing them with a safe working environment and prepare them better for the next health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wałowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases, Internal Medicine and Dietetics, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Domaradzki
- Laboratory of Health Sociology and Social Pathology, Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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20
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Narita Z, Okubo R, Sasaki Y, Takeda K, Takao M, Komaki H, Oi H, Mizoue T, Miyama T, Kim Y. COVID-19-related discrimination, PTSD symptoms, and psychological distress in healthcare workers. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:139-146. [PMID: 36176263 PMCID: PMC9538840 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To date, little effort has been made to examine if frontline workers who deal with COVID-19 patients are more likely to experience discrimination than second-line workers. Also, little information has appeared on how COVID-19-related discrimination affects PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers. We aimed to examine the association between COVID-19-related discrimination and frontline worker status. We further aimed to examine how COVID-19-related discrimination was associated with PTSD symptoms and psychological distress. We studied 647 healthcare workers. For the association between COVID-19-related discrimination and frontline worker status, we conducted multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and living alone. For the association of COVID-19-related discrimination with PTSD symptoms and psychological distress, we performed multivariable regression using hierarchical adjustments for age, sex, living alone, alcohol consumption, exercise and frontline worker status. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) were used. A total of 136 individuals worked on the frontline and the largest group were nurses (n = 81, 59.6%). Frontline workers had increased odds of COVID-19-related discrimination compared with second-line workers (odds ratio = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.37-4.96). COVID-19-related discrimination was associated with PTSD symptoms and psychological distress even at the highest level of adjustment (β = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.10-1.23; β = 2.43, 95% CI = 0.91-3.95, respectively). Frontline workers are more likely to experience COVID-19-related discrimination than second-line workers. Such discrimination may result in PTSD symptoms and psychological distress. Interventions to prevent COVID-19-related discrimination against healthcare workers, for example anti-discrimination campaigns, are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasaki
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Komaki
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Oi
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyama
- Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Assefa N, Abdullahi YY, Hemler EC, Lankoande B, Madzorera I, Wang D, Ismail A, Chukwu A, Workneh F, Mapendo F, Millogo O, Abubakari SW, Febir LG, Lyatuu I, Dianou K, Baernighausen T, Soura A, Asante KP, Smith E, Vuai S, Worku A, Killewo J, Mwanyika-Sando M, Berhane Y, Sie A, Tajudeen R, Oduola A, Fawzi WW. COVID-19 Preventive Practices, Psychological Distress, and Reported Barriers to Healthcare Access during the Pandemic among Adult Community Members in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Phone Survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:124-136. [PMID: 36509058 PMCID: PMC9833061 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious negative health and economic impacts in sub-Saharan Africa. Continuous monitoring of these impacts is crucial to formulate interventions to minimize the consequences of COVID-19. This study surveyed 2,829 adults in urban and rural sites among five sub-Saharan African countries: Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Ghana. Participants completed a mobile phone survey that assessed self-reported sociodemographics, COVID-19 preventive practices, psychological distress, and barriers to healthcare access. A modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs to investigate potential factors related to psychological distress and barriers to reduced healthcare access. At least 15.6% of adults reported experiencing any psychological distress in the previous 2 weeks, and 10.5% reported that at least one essential healthcare service was difficult to access 2 years into the pandemic. The majority of participants reported using several COVID-19 preventive methods, with varying proportions across the sites. Participants in the urban site of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (aPR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.74-3.03) and in the rural site of Kintampo, Ghana (aPR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.21-2.34) had a higher likelihood of experiencing any psychological distress compared with those in the rural area of Nouna, Burkina Faso. Loss of employment due to COVID-19 (aPR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.47-2.11) was also associated with an increased prevalence of psychological distress. The number of children under 5 years in the household (aPR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.14-1.33) and participant self-reported psychological distress (aPR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.48-2.27) were associated with an increased prevalence of reporting barriers to accessing health services, whereas wage employment (aPR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49-0.90) was associated with decreased prevalence of reporting barriers to accessing health services. Overall, we found a high prevalence of psychological distress and interruptions in access to healthcare services 2 years into the pandemic across five sub-Saharan African countries. Increased effort and attention should be given to addressing the negative impacts of COVID-19 on psychological distress. An equitable and collaborative approach to new and existing preventive measures for COVID-19 is crucial to limit the consequences of COVID-19 on the health of adults in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yasir Y Abdullahi
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Elena C Hemler
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruno Lankoande
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abbas Ismail
- College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Angela Chukwu
- Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Frank Mapendo
- Africa Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Sulemana Watara Abubakari
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Gyabaa Febir
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Isaac Lyatuu
- Africa Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kassoum Dianou
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Till Baernighausen
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Abdramane Soura
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Emily Smith
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Said Vuai
- College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Japhet Killewo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Yemane Berhane
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ali Sie
- Nouna Health Research Center, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Raji Tajudeen
- Division of Public Health Institutes and Research, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ayo Oduola
- University of Ibadan Research Foundation, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Ramos-Vera C. [Network Relationships of the Stigma-Discrimination Complex and Fear of COVID-19 During the Second Pandemic Wave in Peruvian Adults]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 52:5-8. [PMID: 34176972 PMCID: PMC8219388 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ramos-Vera
- Área de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Lima, Perú
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23
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Ramos-Vera C. Network relationships of the stigma-discrimination complex and fear of COVID-19 during the second pandemic wave in Peruvian adults. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 52:5-8. [PMID: 37031020 PMCID: PMC10040346 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ramos-Vera
- Área de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Lima, Peru.
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24
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Khanal A, GC S, Panthee S, Paudel A, Ghimire R, Neupane G, Gaire A, Sitaula R, Bhattarai S, Khadka S, Khatri B, Khanal A, Panthee B, Wasti SP, GC VS. Fear, Risk Perception, and Engagement in Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19 during Nationwide Lockdown in Nepal. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:29. [PMID: 36679874 PMCID: PMC9866726 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The world has faced huge negative effects from the COVID-19 pandemic between early 2020 and late 2021. Each country has implemented a range of preventive measures to minimize the risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assessed the COVID-19-related fear, risk perception, and preventative behavior during the nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 in Nepal. In a cross-sectional study, conducted in mid-2021 during the nationwide lockdown in Nepal, a total of 1484 individuals completed measures on fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 risk perception, and preventive behavior. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 fear. The results revealed significant differences in the fear of COVID-19 in association with the perceived risk of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors. Age, risk perception, preventive behavior, and poor health status were significantly positively related to fear of COVID-19. Perceived risk and preventive behaviors uniquely predicted fear of COVID-19 over and above the effects of socio-demographic variables. Being female and unmarried were the significant factors associated with fear of COVID-19 among study respondents. Higher risk perception, poor health status, and being female were strong factors of increased fear of COVID-19. Targeted interventions are essential to integrate community-level mental health care for COVID-19 resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Khanal
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Active Pharmacy Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Sulochan GC
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Nepal Pharmacy Students’ Association (NPSA), Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Suresh Panthee
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Otsuka 359, Hachioji 192-0352, Japan
- Sustainable Study and Research Institute, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Atmika Paudel
- Sustainable Study and Research Institute, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- International Institute of Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Rakesh Ghimire
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Garima Neupane
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Amrit Gaire
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Rukmini Sitaula
- York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York Hospital, York YO31 8HE, UK
| | - Suman Bhattarai
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Active Pharmacy Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Shubhechchha Khadka
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Bibek Khatri
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Aashis Khanal
- Active Pharmacy Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bimala Panthee
- Sustainable Study and Research Institute, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
| | - Sharada P Wasti
- Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Vijay S GC
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
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25
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Shan W, Wang Z, Su MY. The impact of public responses toward healthcare workers on their work engagement and well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:949153. [PMID: 36532966 PMCID: PMC9752040 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.949153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/CONTEXT Healthcare workers (HCWs) play an important role in fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they have been exposed to mixed public responses more significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, which have potentially affected their work and life. AIM We aim to study what public responses toward HCWs existed, how and why such public responses impacted HCW's work engagement and well-being, and how Human Resource (HR) professionals navigate these impacts. These understandings are important for improving HCWs' work and life quality. METHODS We adopted a mixed approach including both quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate how the public responses impact HCWs' work engagement and well-being and how human resource management (HRM) shall intervene. Our quantitative study enables us to collect and analyze a large amount of public responses toward HCWs from the social media platform during the COVID-19 pandemic globally, and uncover the sentiments and topics of these pubic responses via big data and AI technologies. Our qualitative study allows us to understand how and why these public responses impact HCWs' work engagement and well-being via interviews and further identify how HR professionals shall navigate these impacts. RESULTS The sentiment analysis showed that 55.9% of the discussions toward HCWs were positive, 27.2% were neutral, and 16.9% were negative. The topic modeling analysis indicated that the commonly identified topics were related to fear (the negative responses) and gratitude (the positive responses). The interviews with 18 HCWs revealed that HCWs' work engagement and well-being were decreased by negative public responses through experiencing tension or disappointment due to social and physical ostracism, rejection, discrimination, and criticism. On the other hand, positive public responses in terms of encouragement, recognition, and tangible donations increased their work engagement and well-being. The analysis also suggested that occupational calling served as a mechanism that explained why public responses had such impacts on HCWs. The interview results also highlighted the significance of HRM in bridging positive public responses toward HCWs and revealed problems with communication from HRM during the pandemic. This research provides practical implications about how to improve HCWs work engagement and well-being during the pandemic via public and HRM efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shan
- Human Resource Management, S R Nathan School of Human Development, Singapore University of Social Science, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhengkui Wang
- InfoComm Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Millie Yun Su
- Human Resource Management, S R Nathan School of Human Development, Singapore University of Social Science, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Li S, Gu J. “We are pests, we have no future”: The prediction of anxiety by perceived discrimination in patients with coronavirus: Mediating role of psychological resilience. Front Psychol 2022; 13:979186. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.979186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a short amount of time, the COVID-19 pandemic has played havoc on social security, and people infected with coronavirus may have suffered from both physical and mental health issues requiring treatment. The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of perceived discrimination on anxiety in patients with coronavirus and to observe the role of psychological resilience as a mediator in this process. 376 patients with coronavirus were given a questionnaire, and 26 of them participated in in-depth interviews. Our results demonstrated that perceived discrimination in patients with coronavirus was predictive of anxiety and that strong perceptions of discrimination reduced patients’ psychological resilience levels, thereby triggering severe anxiety. Furthermore, psychological resilience was demonstrated to be a significant predictor of anxiety severity. Psychological resilience has been shown to act as a mediator between perceived discrimination and anxiety. As a response to COVID-19, the government, the media, and the general public should treat patients with coronavirus scientifically and rationally, minimize the secondary psychological damage caused by the perception of discrimination to the special groups of society represented by patients with coronavirus during the pandemic, correct the erroneous stigma generated by the traditional communication process, and prevent the spread of the psychosocial virus.
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27
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Siu JYM. The Role of Social and Cultural Values in Pandemic Control in a Chinese Community: An Ethnographic Study on the Construction and Stigmatization of "Others" in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19 in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13517. [PMID: 36294097 PMCID: PMC9603597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have widely reported that social and cultural values serve as constraints in controlling the spread of an epidemic. However, I argue that a social and cultural value system is a double-edged sword and can motivate people's preventive health behaviors. Few studies have examined the positive role of social and cultural values in promoting epidemic control. METHODS Using the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2003 and the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020 in Hong Kong as examples, the present study performed participant observation in Hong Kong from January to June 2003 and from January 2020 to May 2022; in-depth individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 70 participants between February 2021 and March 2022. RESULTS Social and cultural values serve as informal social control mechanisms in manipulating people's adoption of preventive health behaviors that can assist in epidemic control. Specifically, the construction and stigmatization of the "others" groups and the traditional cultural values based on the capitalist ideology were noted to facilitate control measures against the two outbreaks in Hong Kong. CONCLUSION These two outbreaks reinforced the embedded social and cultural values of the capitalist ideology of Hong Kong, which increased the vulnerability of disadvantaged social groups to stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Yuen-man Siu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Research, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for Sharp Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Adhikari T, Aggarwal S, Nair S, Joshi A, Diwan V, Stephen A, Devi KR, Kumar Mishra B, Yadav GK, Bangar SD, Sahu D, Yadav J, Ovung S, Gulati BK, Sharma S, Singh C, Duggal C, Sharma M, Ujagare D, Padmakar Chinchore S, Rebecca PB, Rani S, Selvaraj P, Xavier GG, Peter V, Watson B, Kannan T, Asmathulla KSM, Bhattacharya D, Turuk J, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Kumar Behera A, Pandey AK, Zaman K, Misra BR, Kumar N, Behera SP, Singh R, Narain K, Kant R, Sahay S, Tiwari RR, Thomas BE, Rao MVV. Factors associated with COVID-19 stigma during the onset of the global pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992046. [PMID: 36311615 PMCID: PMC9615248 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess factors associated with COVID-19 stigmatizing attitudes in the community and stigma experiences of COVID-19 recovered individuals during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 districts located in 7 States in India during September 2020 to January 2021 among adults > 18 years of age selected through systematic random sampling. Data on socio demographic and COVID-19 knowledge were collected from 303 COVID-19 recovered and 1,976 non-COVID-19 infected individuals from community using a survey questionnaire. Stigma was assessed using COVID-19 Stigma Scale and Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale developed for the study. Informed consent was sought from the participants. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results Half of the participants (51.3%) from the community reported prevalence of severe stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 infected while 38.6% of COVID-19 recovered participants reported experiencing severe stigma. Participants from the community were more likely to report stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 infected if they were residents of high prevalent COVID-19 zone (AOR: 1.5; CI: 1.2-1.9), staying in rural areas (AOR: 1.5; CI:1.1-1.9), belonged to the age group of 18-30 years (AOR: 1.6; CI 1.2-2.0), were male (AOR: 1.6; CI: 1.3-1.9), illiterate (AOR: 2.7; CI: 1.8-4.2), or living in Maharashtra (AOR: 7.4; CI: 4.8-11.3). COVID-19 recovered participants had higher odds of experiencing stigma if they had poor knowledge about COVID-19 transmission (AOR: 2.8; CI: 1.3-6.3), were staying for 6-15 years (AOR: 3.24; CI: 1.1-9.4) in the current place of residence or belonged to Delhi (AOR: 5.3; CI: 1.04-26.7). Conclusion Findings indicated presence of stigmatizing attitudes in the community as well as experienced stigma among COVID-19 recovered across selected study sites in India during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Study recommends timely dissemination of factual information to populations vulnerable to misinformation and psychosocial interventions for individuals affected by stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulsi Adhikari
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases (ECD), Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Saritha Nair
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Saritha Nair
| | - Aparna Joshi
- School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A. Stephen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Rekha Devi
- Enteric Disease Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Mishra
- Medical Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sampada Dipak Bangar
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Damodar Sahu
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeetendra Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Senthanro Ovung
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Saurabh Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Charan Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetna Duggal
- School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moina Sharma
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dhammasagar Ujagare
- Division of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Padmakar Chinchore
- Division of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pricilla B. Rebecca
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Rani
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep Selvaraj
- Office of District Non-Communicable Disease, Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vanessa Peter
- Information and Resource Center for the Deprived Urban Communities, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basilea Watson
- Electronic Data Processing Unit (EDP), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Kannan
- Epidemiology Statistics Unit, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Behera
- Clinical Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Kamran Zaman
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brij Ranjan Misra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajeev Singh
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Rajni Kant
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India,Research Management, Policy, Planning and Coordination Cell, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sahay
- Division of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajnarayan R. Tiwari
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Beena Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khoo EM, Abdullah A, Liew SM, Hussein N, Hanafi NS, Lee PY, Abdullah KL, Vengidasan L, Abu Bakar AIB, Pinnock H, Jackson T. Psychological health and wellbeing of primary healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia: a longitudinal qualitative study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:261. [PMID: 36229779 PMCID: PMC9558025 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) are at the frontline of dealing with viral pandemics. They may experience significant psychological stresses, which have hitherto not been examined in depth. We aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health and wellbeing of frontline PHCWs in Malaysia. METHOD We purposively recruited PHCWs with diverse backgrounds in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Using longitudinal qualitative methods, we conducted two sequential semi-structured telephone interviews, 3 to 4 weeks apart, to capture different stages of the pandemic. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically. RESULT Twenty-one PHCWs participated yielding a total of forty-two interviews. Themes clustered around stressors associated with work, home, and leisure activities, emotional changes, and modifying factors. In the first interviews, COVID-19 had just started in Malaysia. Participants expressed fear about the actual and perceived personal risk of COVID-19 infection. Most were worried about transmitting COVID-19 to their family members. Some felt stigmatized because of this perceived risk of infection. By the second interviews, participants felt safer, but instead focused on the need to keep other people safe. Participants' emotions were influenced by their perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 infection. Internal factors such as religion enabled them to manage their concerns and develop personal coping strategies. Support from family members, colleagues, and employers promoted wellbeing during the pandemic. Training sessions, daily roll calls, and psychological support services were important in maintaining their psychological health and wellbeing. Many participants were hopeful and believed normalcy would return by the end of 2020. CONCLUSION PHCW's psychological health and wellbeing evolved throughout the early stages of the pandemic and were influenced by their perceived risk of contracting the disease and personal belief structures. Clear updates on the disease and strategies for keeping safe at work and socially are essential to maintaining PHCWs' psychological health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Ming Khoo
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adina Abdullah
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Su May Liew
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norita Hussein
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Sherina Hanafi
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping Yein Lee
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Faculty of Medicine, UMeHealth Unit, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Lim Abdullah
- grid.430718.90000 0001 0585 5508Department of Nursing School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Lelamekala Vengidasan
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Ihsan Bin Abu Bakar
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hilary Pinnock
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988NIHR Global Health Research Unit On Respiratory Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tracy Jackson
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988NIHR Global Health Research Unit On Respiratory Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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30
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Yılmaz‐Karaman İG, Yastıbaş‐Kaçar C, Ece İnce F. Posttraumatic growth levels of healthcare workers in two periods with different intensities of COVID-19 pandemic. Psych J 2022; 12:297-306. [PMID: 36210343 PMCID: PMC9874446 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic threatens health-care workers' (HCW) mental health and well-being. Although traumatic life events may result in psychiatric disorders, occasionally they give rise to positive changes, such as post-traumatic growth. Accordingly, the present study evaluated the traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression levels of HCWs and their post-traumatic growth levels during the pandemic. In addition, the study aimed to assess the changes in psychological outcomes during the pandemic. For this aim, the data were collected in two different periods. The first data-collection period was between May and July 2020, and the second period started in November 2020 and ended in January 2021. The sociodemographic data form, Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were used to collect data. Sixty-six HCWs participated in the study. No significant differences appeared between the baseline scores and 6-month follow-up in the depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress levels of HCWs. Furthermore, the PTGI scores decreased significantly over time. Although the change in the psychological distress scores was not statistically significant, the depression and post-traumatic stress scores increased over time. Previous research specified an inverse-parabolic relationship between traumatic stress and PTGI. Our results support previous research; as the exposure to the stressors continues, individual traumatic stress levels increase, psychiatric disorders become frequent, and affirmative changes (like post-traumatic growth) decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferda Ece İnce
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineEskişehir Osmangazi UniversityEskişehirTurkey
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Atinga RA, Alhassan NMI, Ayawine A. Recovered but Constrained: Narratives of Ghanaian COVID-19 Survivors Experiences and Coping Pathways of Stigma, Discrimination, Social Exclusion and Their Sequels. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:1801-1813. [PMID: 34634884 PMCID: PMC9808237 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its epidemiology and socio-economic impact on populations worldwide has gained attention. However, there is dearth of empirical knowledge in low- and middle-income settings about the pandemic's impact on survivors, particularly the tension of their everyday life arising from the experiences and consequences of stigma, discrimination and social exclusion, and how they cope with these behavioral adversities. METHODS Realist qualitative approach drawing data from people clinically diagnosed positive of COVID-19, admitted into therapy in a designated treatment facility, and subsequently recovered and discharged for or without follow-up domiciliary care. In-depth interviews were conducted by maintaining a code book for identifying and documenting thematic categories in a progression leading to thematic saturation with 45 participants. Data were transcribed and coded deductively for broad themes at the start before systematically nesting emerging themes into the broad ones with the aid of NVivo 12 software. RESULTS Everyday lived experiences of the participants were disrupted with acts of indirect stigmatization (against relatives and family members), direct stigmatization (labeling, prejudices and stereotyping), barriers to realizing full social life and discriminatory behaviors across socio-ecological structures (workplace, community, family, and social institutions). These behavioral adversities were associated with self-reported poor health, anxiety and psychological disorders, and frustrations among others. Consequently, supplicatory prayers, societal and organizational withdrawal, aggressive behaviors, supportive counseling, and self-assertive behaviors were adopted to cope and modify the adverse behaviors driven by misinformation and fearful perceptions of the COVID-19 and its contagious proportions. CONCLUSION In the face of the analysis, social campaigns and dissemination of toolkits that can trigger behavior change and responsible behaviors toward COVID-19 survivors are proposed to be implemented by health stakeholders, policy and decision makers in partnership with social influencers, the media, and telecoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Atinga
- Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Alice Ayawine
- Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Sunyani, Ghana
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Wang Y, Bao S, Chen Y. The Illness Experience of Long COVID Patients: A Qualitative Study Based on the Online Q&A Community Zhihu. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169827. [PMID: 36011458 PMCID: PMC9408423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Long COVID is a public health problem that cannot be ignored, and it is critical to understand the long COVID patients' living situations and support this group through their illness narratives. This study is based on grounded theory, and coded the self-produced texts of long COVID patients on the largest online Q&A community in China, Zhihu APP, in an attempt to explore the illness experiences of long COVID patients in China and to understand how they adapt to their illness and reconstruct their lives. The results show that patients face not only the threat of pain from the illness itself, but also social stigma and discrimination. Patients turn their illness experiences into motivation to move forward and reconstruct self and life by 'pushing forward the biographical flows again', 'impression management' and 'self-compassion'. These findings can help policy-makers and medical institutions to provide timely and appropriate policy support and psychological assistance to patients with long COVID, to create a supportive and inclusive social environment, and to reduce discrimination and stigma against them.
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Relationship between COVID-19-specific occupational stressors and mental distress in frontline and non-frontline staff. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10310. [PMID: 35996552 PMCID: PMC9387056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the difference in the severity of mental distress and factors contributing to mental distress in frontline and non-frontline healthcare professionals during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. A cross-sectional web-based survey of medical staff collected by snow-ball sampling was performed in Japan in October 2020 using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) as an outcome measure for mental distress. Originally developed items asking about the degree of change in psychological and physical burdens, COVID-19-related fear, and experience of discrimination were obtained. The median score of the K6 was 7 in the frontline staff group (n = 86) and 6 in the non-frontline staff group (n = 504), without a statistically significant difference. Multiple regression analyses showed that among the participants, an increase in psychological burden and COVID-19-related fear was significantly associated with mental distress in both groups. Experience of discrimination was significantly associated with mental distress only in the frontline staff group. However, an increase in physical burden was significantly associated with mental distress only in the non-frontline staff group. The results indicate that the factors contributing to mental distress between frontline and non-frontline staff can be different, although the severity of mental distress is comparable between them.
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Halouani N, Gdoura D, Chaari I, Moussa N, Msaad S, Kamoun S, Ellouze S, Turki M, Aloulou J. [Anxiety, depression and stress-related disorders in post Covid-19: A Tunisian study]. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2022:S0003-4487(22)00211-6. [PMID: 35855680 PMCID: PMC9279388 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES - Our study aimed to assess anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder in post coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and identify associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS - Our study is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out during the period from March 1 to May 15th 2021 on patients who were hospitalized and discharged from the Covid-19 unit in the pneumology department at the Hedi Chaker hospital in Sfax (Tunisia). Patients who met all of the following criteria were included: aged 18 and over; having a diagnosis of Covid-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or by CT scan; monitored at the Covid-19 unit and who their clinical conditions did not require intensive care; survivors after 3 months of leaving the service; and having given their informed and informal consent to participate in the study. RESULTS - Our study included 154 patients. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder was 24.7%, 11% and 13.6% respectively. We found an association between depression and female gender (p= 0.025), gastrointestinal involvement (p= 0.002) and stigma (p= 0.002). We found an association between anxiety and grade level (p= 0.034), and between anxiety and asthenia (p= 0.032). CONCLUSIONS - Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder were independent of the majority of disease characteristics including the severity of Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Halouani
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Dorra Gdoura
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Imen Chaari
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Nedia Moussa
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Sameh Msaad
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Samy Kamoun
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Sahar Ellouze
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Mariem Turki
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Jihen Aloulou
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
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Wasilewski MB, Szigeti Z, Sheppard CL, Minezes J, Hitzig SL, Mayo AL, Robinson LR, Lung M, Simpson R. Infection prevention and control across the continuum of COVID-19 care: A qualitative study of patients', caregivers' and providers' experiences. Health Expect 2022; 25:2431-2439. [PMID: 35818850 PMCID: PMC9350031 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare facilities adopted restrictive visitor policies as a result of the COVID‐19 (COVID) pandemic. Though these measures were necessary to promote the safety of patients, families and healthcare providers, it led to isolation and loneliness amongst acute care inpatients that can undermine patient rehabilitation and recovery. The study objectives were to (1) explore how infection prevention and control (IP&C) measures impacted stakeholders' perceptions of care quality and interactions with others and (2) investigate how these experiences and perceptions varied across stakeholder groups and care settings. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Patients and their families from an inpatient COVID rehabilitation hospital and healthcare providers from an acute or rehabilitation COVID hospital were interviewed between August 2020 and February 2021. Results A total of 10 patients, 5 family members and 12 healthcare providers were interviewed. Four major themes were identified: (1) IP&C measures challenged the psychosocial health of all stakeholders across care settings; (2): IP&C measures precipitated a need for greater relational care from HCPs; (3) infection prevention tenets perpetuated COVID‐related stigma that stakeholders experienced across care settings; and (4) technology was used to facilitate human connection when IP&C limited physical presence. Conclusion IP&C measures challenged psychosocial health and maintenance of vital human connections. Loneliness and isolation were felt by all stakeholders due to physical distancing and COVID‐related stigma. Some isolation was mitigated by the relational care provided by HCPs and technological innovations used. The findings of the study underscore the need to balance safety with psychosocial well‐being across care settings and beyond the patient–provider dyad. Patient and Public Contribution This study was informed by the Patient‐Oriented Research Agenda and developed through consultations with patients and family caregivers to identify priority areas for rehabilitation research. Priority areas identified that informed the current study were (1) the need to focus on the psychosocial aspects of recovery from illness and injury and (2) the importance of exploring patients' recovery experiences and needs across the continuum of care. The study protocol, ethics submission, analysis and manuscript preparation were all informed by healthcare providers with lived experience of working in COVID care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina B Wasilewski
- St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zara Szigeti
- St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine L Sheppard
- St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Minezes
- Musculoskeletal/STAR Rehab and Restorative Transitional Unit, St. John's Rehab, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sander L Hitzig
- St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda L Mayo
- St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Musculoskeletal/STAR Rehab and Restorative Transitional Unit, St. John's Rehab, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence R Robinson
- St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Lung
- Musculoskeletal/STAR Rehab and Restorative Transitional Unit, St. John's Rehab, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Simpson
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tolksdorf KH, Tischler U, Heinrichs K. Correlates of turnover intention among nursing staff in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:174. [PMID: 35787700 PMCID: PMC9252069 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, shortage of nursing staff became even more evident. Nurses experienced great strain, putting them at risk to leave their jobs. Individual and organizational factors were known to be associated with nurses' turnover intention before the pandemic. The knowledge of factors associated with turnover intention during the pandemic could help to foster nurses' retention. Therefore, this review aims to identify factors associated with nurses' turnover intention during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS After a systematic search of six databases, the resulting records were screened in a two-step process based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included quantitative studies were synthesized qualitatively due to their methodological heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 19 articles were included in the analysis. Individual factors such as health factors or psychological symptoms and demographic characteristics were associated with nurses' turnover intention. Organizational factors associated with turnover intention were e.g., caring for COVID-19 patients, low job control or high job demands, and moral distress. Resilience and supporting leadership could mitigate adverse associations with turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS The results help to identify high-risk groups according to individual factors and to develop possible interventions, such as trainings for nurses and their superiors, addressing individual and organizational factors. Future research should focus on longitudinal designs applying carefully defined concepts of turnover intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Herta Tolksdorf
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulla Tischler
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Heinrichs
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Moyo I, Mavhandu-Mudzusi AH, Haruzivishe C. Frontline healthcare workers' experiences of providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic at a COVID-19 centre in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: A phenomenological study. Curationis 2022; 45:e1-e11. [PMID: 35792610 PMCID: PMC9257684 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v45i1.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a far-reaching, negative impact on healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare workers play a critical role in the country's healthcare delivery system, as they facilitate a continuum of care and containment of diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of healthcare workers who provided care to COVID-19 patients at a central hospital in Zimbabwe. METHOD The researchers used an interpretative phenomenological analysis design. In-depth interviews were conducted virtually with 10 frontline healthcare workers working at a COVID-19 centre in Zimbabwe. Data collection was guided by an interview guide. All audio-recorded interview data were transcribed verbatim into written text. Data analysis was conducted using an interpretative phenomenological analysis framework. An expert in qualitative research acted as an independent co-coder and conducted the open coding of each transcript. RESULTS Findings reveal inadequate preparation and training of healthcare providers before the commencement of duty, resources-related challenges and a lack of support as significant experiences of healthcare providers. Moreover, healthcare providers have been subjected to stigma and discrimination attached to COVID-19, resulting in psychological effects on frontline healthcare providers. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic brings unique and challenging experiences for frontline healthcare workers, resulting in a physically and emotionally drained workforce. This study calls for comprehensive support in the form of counselling, reasonable work schedules, training and adequate provision of personal protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idah Moyo
- Department of HIV Services, Population Solutions for Health, Harare, Zimbabwe; and, Department of Health Science, College of Human Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
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Hosseinzadeh R, Hosseini SM, Momeni M, Maghari A, Fathi-Ashtiani A, Ghadimi P, Heiat M, Barmayoon P, Mohamadianamiri M, Bahardoust M, Badri T, Karbasi A. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection-Related Stigma, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Iranian Healthcare Workers. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:88. [PMID: 35958369 PMCID: PMC9362743 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_12_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological conditions aggravate during outbreaks. Here, we have discussed the existing COVID-19 depression, anxiety, and stress and the resulting stigma and its different aspects in Iranian health care workers and their 1st-degree relatives. Methods In this cross-sectional study, information of our study groups (237 participants including health care workers and their nuclear family members) was collected via two online stigma and depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) questionnaires. Results The DASS questionnaire's mean depression, anxiety, and stress scores were 13.59 ± 5.76, 11.07 ± 4.38, and 15.05 ± 5.86, respectively, in our study population. Marriage status was effective on depression and stress scores. Married participants were having less depression (P = 0.008) but more stressful (P = 0.029) than single ones. Education was found to be effective on anxiety and stress scores. Those with an associate, master, Ph.D., and higher college degrees were significantly less anxious and stressed than those with a diploma or bachelor's degrees (P = 0.032 and 0.016, respectively, for anxiety and stress). Participants with a history of psychiatric conditions showed significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress rates than those without a past psychiatric condition (P = 0.001). Healthcare workers and their nuclear family members suffer from severe stigma (mean stigma scores were 33.57 and 33.17, respectively). Conclusions Healthcare workers and their nuclear family members in Iran suffer from severe COVID-19 related stigma. We also showed that depression, anxiety, and stress are common among Iranian Healthcare workers and their nuclear family members during this pandemic. This study showed that people with preexisting psychiatric conditions need extra mental care during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Hosseini
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Momeni
- Resident of Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Maghari
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Fathi-Ashtiani
- Behavioral sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parmid Ghadimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooyan Barmayoon
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiss Mohamadianamiri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital & National Association of Iranian Obstetricians & Gynecologists (NAIGO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Bahardoust
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Dr. Mansour Bahardoust, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Taleb Badri
- Behavioral sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Karbasi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ashraf karbasi, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Moyo I, Tshivhase L, Mavhandu-Mudzusi AH. Psycho-emotional challenges experienced by COVID-19 infected healthcare workers: A phenomenological study. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2087827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Idah Moyo
- Population Solutions for Health, Zimbabwe, Academic associate for Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Livhuwani Tshivhase
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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de Guzman AB, de Castro BV, Laguilles-Villafuerte S, Clemente-Faustino JA, Serrano JO, Angcahan DZ. Portrait of Filipino healthcare workers' discrimination experiences during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022; 53:396-403. [PMID: 35753993 PMCID: PMC9189115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background At the core of a global health crisis, healthcare workers are tasked to perform crucial and life-threatening roles. Despite the heavy-laden responsibilities amid COVID-19 pandemic, these workers are subjected to various forms of stigma and discrimination. Objectives The primary intent of this paper is to investigate the existence of discrimination among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Further, it aims to test the following hypotheses: (1) Discrimination experiences among Filipino healthcare workers are dependent on certain demographic characteristics; and (2) Discrimination experiences vary significantly according to the type of healthcare workers. Methods This exploratory study used a two-part survey questionnaire consisting of the baseline data of the respondents and an 8-point Likert-type scale to identify the different forms of discrimination experienced by Filipino healthcare workers. Data yielded by the instruments were descriptively (frequency, mean and percentage) and inferentially (Pearson R, Kendall tau, t-test, and One-Way Analysis of Variance) treated. Results Among the Filipino healthcare workers, the Radiologic Technologists experienced the most forms of discriminatory acts, followed by Nurses and Medical Technologists. Those who work in high-risk duty assignments experienced the most discriminatory incidents such as insulting gestures and physical/social loathing, social media bashing and offensive jokes. Conclusion The discrimination experienced by Filipino healthcare workers is a valuable platform for health policy interventions at the local and global levels to safeguard the physical, social and psychological well-being of healthcare workers, especially in battling the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan B de Guzman
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines; Research Center for Social Sciences and Education, University of Santo Tomas, 2/F Thomas Aquinas Research Complex, Espana, Boulevard, Manila 1015, Philippines; College of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.
| | - Belinda V de Castro
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines; Research Center for Social Sciences and Education, University of Santo Tomas, 2/F Thomas Aquinas Research Complex, Espana, Boulevard, Manila 1015, Philippines; College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
| | | | - Julie Ann Clemente-Faustino
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines; College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Bulacan State University, Philippines
| | - Jennifer O Serrano
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines; Quirino State University-Cabarroguis, Philippines
| | - Darwin Z Angcahan
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines; Rizal Medical Center, Pasig, Philippines
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Tari Selçuk K, Avci D, Ataç M. Health professionals’ perception of social stigma and its relationship to compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue, and intention to leave the profession during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2022.2078724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Tari Selçuk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Bandırma, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - D. Avci
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Bandırma, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - M. Ataç
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Rectorate, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Kartal N, Arıkan G, Seyhan F, Aydan S. Mediator roles of resilience and intolerance of uncertainty in the effect of healthcare professionals’ coronavirus stigma on stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2022.2079588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazan Kartal
- Health Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Arıkan
- Health Management Department, Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fırat Seyhan
- Department of Management and Organization, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Health Vocational School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Aydan
- Health Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Shahini N, Abbassani S, Ghasemzadeh M, Nikfar E, Heydari -Yazdi AS, Charkazi A, Derakhshanpour F. Grief Experience After Deaths: Comparison of Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 Causes. J Patient Exp 2022; 9:23743735221089697. [PMID: 35493442 PMCID: PMC9052814 DOI: 10.1177/23743735221089697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The grief caused by loved ones’ death causes grief is a global phenomenon. The
Covid-19 pandemic caused significant changes in human lifestyles and the
experience of grief. The purpose of the present study was to compare grief
experiences in the deceased's relatives caused by Covid-19 and non-Covid-19.
Seventy-five first- and second-degree relatives of the deceased infected with
Covid-19 (n = 33) and non-Covid-19 (n = 42) in a Gorgan hospital in northern
Iran were included cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. Data were
collected using the GEQ-34 grief experience questionnaire and demographic
variables and questions related to funeral and burial. The results revealed that
the deceased's burial quality caused by the Covid-19 group was significantly
lower (p = 0.035). However, the feeling of the Covid-19 label is significantly
higher (p <0.001). There was no significant variation in grief's broad
experience between the two groups (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the experience of
grief was significantly different in the group of relatives of the deceased
infected by Covid-19 in terms of notoriety (P = 0.040) and physical reactions
(p = 0.002). Educational interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination due
to death caused by Covid-19 and clinical and psychological support of relatives
of the deceased due to Covid-19 are recommended by compiling appropriate
messages from different channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Shahini
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shekufeh Abbassani
- Neonatal and children's Health Research Center, Taleghani Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghasemzadeh
- MA in general psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Nikfar
- MA in general psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aazam Sadat Heydari -Yazdi
- Assistant professor of Child and adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry and behavioral Sciences research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdurrahman Charkazi
- Assistant Professor, PhD of Health Education and Promotion, Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Derakhshanpour
- Associate Professor of child and adolescence Psychiatry, Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Stigma, Uncertainty, and Coping at the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic Amid Health Care Professionals: How Far Have We Gone? J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:264-269. [PMID: 34775399 PMCID: PMC8963436 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stigma and uncertainty are noticed in global pandemics. Their impacts on health care providers tend to persist notably during and after the outbreaks. Our objective was to assess stigma, uncertainty, and coping among health care providers through an online survey using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale Version 12 (DISC-12) modified version to assess stigma related to treating COVID-19, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). Of the respondents (n = 65), 63.1% treated patients with COVID-19, and 21.5% worked in isolation hospitals. Physicians who treated patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher scores in all DISC subscales: unfair treatment (8.73 ± 6.39, p = 0.001), stopping self from doing things (2.05 ± 1.41, p = 0.019), overcoming stigma (1.17 ± 0.80, p = 0.035), and positive treatment (1.90 ± 1.65, p = 0.005). Unfair treatment was negatively correlated with BRCS (r = -0.279, p = 0.024). On the other hand, physicians who did not treat patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher BRCS scores. We concluded that frontline physicians experienced greater stigma associated with lower resilient coping strategies.
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Stigma towards health care providers taking care of COVID-19 patients: A multi-country study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09300. [PMID: 35464709 PMCID: PMC9015722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health care providers (HCPs) have always been a common target of stigmatization during widespread infections and COVID-19 is not an exception. Aim This study aims to investigate the prevalence of stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic among HCPs in seven different countries using the Stigma COVID-19 Healthcare Providers tool (S19-HCPs). Design Cross-sectional. Methods The S19-HCPs is a self-administered online survey (16-item) developed and validated by the research team. The participants were invited to complete an online survey. Data collection started from June–July 2020 using a convenience sample of HCPs from Iraq, Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Kuwait. Results A total number of 1726 participants were included in the final analysis. The majority of the study participants were Jordanians (22%), followed by Kuwaitis (19%), Filipinos (18%) and the lowest participants were Indonesians (6%). Other nationalities were Iraqis, Saudis, and Egyptians with 15%, 11% and 9% respectively. Among the respondents, 57% have worked either in a COVID-19 designated facility or in a quarantine center and 78% claimed that they had received training for COVID-19. Statistical significance between COVID-19 stigma and demographic variables were found in all aspect of the S19-HCPs. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated high levels of stigmatization against HCPs in all the included seven countries. On the other hand, they are still perceived positively by their communities and in their utmost, highly motivated to care for COVID-19 patients. Educational and awareness programs could have a crucial role in the solution of stigmatization problems over the world.
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Wu D, Ding H, Lin J, Xiao M, Xie J, Xie F, Zhang S. Fighting COVID-19: a qualitative study into the lives of intensive care unit survivors in Wuhan, China. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055365. [PMID: 35351715 PMCID: PMC8960460 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to provide an insight into the life of survivors of critical COVID-19 in China. METHODS We conducted an online survey and qualitative interviews among intensive care unit survivors of critical COVID-19 between November and December 2020 in Wuhan, China. Eligible participants were asked to complete the EQ-5D-5L and the Short Form 36-Item Survey, and invited to participate in a semistructured face-to-face interview. Descriptive analyses and phenomenological approach were adopted to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. RESULTS Of 10 survivors who completed the questionnaire, 8 participated in the interview. The mean scores±SD of EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Level utility and EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale were 0.88±0.15 and 80.9±14.2, respectively. The qualitative interview identified four themes, namely poor physical health, post-traumatic stress, social stigma and family support. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 survivors continue fighting physical and psychological impacts. Despite strong family support, these patients are struggling with social stigma. It is a long, challenging journey to recovery for patients and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, International Clinical Epidemiology Network, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyue Ding
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiaye Lin
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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47
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Dalky H, Khraisat A, Khalifeh AH, Abuhammad S, Hamdan-Mansour A. Predictors of social response to COVID-19 among health care workers caring for individuals with confirmed COVID-19 in Jordan. F1000Res 2022; 11:312. [PMID: 36936049 PMCID: PMC10015117 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.75740.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 forced public health authorities around the world to call for national emergency plans. Public responses, in the form of social discrimination and stigmatizing behaviors, are increasingly being observed against individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for those individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the perception of social discrimination and coping strategies, and explore predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive-comparative design to collect data, using a convenience sample of 105 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and 109 HCWs using a web-based survey format. Results: In this study, individuals confirmed with COVID-19 reported a high level of social discrimination compared with HCWs (t = 2.62, p < 0.01), while HCWs reported a high level of coping with COVID-19 compared to individuals with COVID-19 (t = -3.91, p < 0.001). Educational level, age, monthly income, and taking over-the-counter medication were predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings showed that individuals with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to face social discrimination, and HCWs cope with COVID-19 better than ordinary individuals with confirmed COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyam Dalky
- Community and Mental Health Department/Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Adam Khraisat
- Nursing Program/Health Science Faculty, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Sawsan Abuhammad
- Child Maternal Health Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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48
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Dalky H, Khraisat A, Khalifeh AH, Abuhammad S, Hamdan-Mansour A. Predictors of social response to COVID-19 among health care workers caring for individuals with confirmed COVID-19 in Jordan. F1000Res 2022; 11:312. [PMID: 36936049 PMCID: PMC10015117 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.75740.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 forced public health authorities around the world to call for national emergency plans. Public responses, in the form of social discrimination and stigmatizing behaviors, are increasingly being observed against individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for those individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the perception of social discrimination and coping strategies, and explore predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive-comparative design to collect data, using a convenience sample of 105 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and 109 HCWs using a web-based survey format. Results: In this study, individuals confirmed with COVID-19 reported a high level of social discrimination compared with HCWs (t = 2.62, p < 0.01), while HCWs reported a high level of coping with COVID-19 compared to individuals with COVID-19 (t = -3.91, p < 0.001). Educational level, age, monthly income, and taking over-the-counter medication were predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings showed that individuals with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to face social discrimination, and HCWs cope with COVID-19 better than ordinary individuals with confirmed COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyam Dalky
- Community and Mental Health Department/Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Adam Khraisat
- Nursing Program/Health Science Faculty, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Sawsan Abuhammad
- Child Maternal Health Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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49
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Jeleff M, Traugott M, Jirovsky-Platter E, Jordakieva G, Kutalek R. Occupational challenges of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054516. [PMID: 35256442 PMCID: PMC8905413 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To address structural determinants and healthcare workers' (HCWs) physical, mental, emotional and professional challenges of working during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Exploratory qualitative study with semistructured interviews. Collected data were analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING This qualitative study was undertaken with HCWs who mainly worked in intensive care units in six non-profit hospitals in Vienna, Austria. Data were collected from June 2020 to January 2021. PARTICIPANTS A total of 30 HCWs (13 medical doctors, 11 qualified nursing staff, 2 nurse assistants, 2 physiotherapists and 2 technical/cleaning staff) who were in direct and indirect contact with patients with COVID-19 were included. RESULTS Three overall themes resulted as relevant: challenges due to lack of preparedness, structural conditions, and physical and mental health of HCWs. Lack of preparedness included delayed infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines, shortages of personal protective equipment combined with staff shortages (especially of nursing staff) and overworked personnel. Physical and mental strains resulted from HCWs being overworked and working permanently on alert to face medical uncertainties and the critical conditions of patients. HCWs lacked recognition on multiple levels and dealt with stigma and avoidance behaviour of colleagues. CONCLUSION To mitigate HCWs' occupational health risks and staff turnover, we propose context-specific recommendations. The number of available essential workers in care of patients with COVID-19, especially nursing staff, should be carefully planned and increased to avert chronic work overload. Timely training and education in IPC for all HCWs is important. Providing supportive supervision is as essential as appropriate recognition by higher level management and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Jeleff
- Unit Medical Anthropology and Global Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Marianna Traugott
- Department of Internal Medicine IV with Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Jirovsky-Platter
- Unit Medical Anthropology and Global Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Ruth Kutalek
- Unit Medical Anthropology and Global Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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50
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LaCour M, Hughes B, Goldwater M, Ireland M, Worthy D, Van Allen J, Gaylord N, Van‐Hoosier G, Davis T. The Double Bind of Communicating About Zoonotic Origins: Describing Exotic Animal Sources of COVID-19 Increases Both Healthy and Discriminatory Avoidance Intentions. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 42:506-521. [PMID: 34076291 PMCID: PMC8242573 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many novel diseases are of zoonotic origin, likely including COVID-19. Describing diseases as originating from a diverse range of animals is known to increase risk perceptions and intentions to engage in preventative behaviors. However, it is also possible that communications depicting use of exotic animals as food sources may activate stereotypes of cultures at the origin of a disease, increasing discriminatory behaviors and disease stigma. We used general linear modeling and mediation analysis to test experimental data on communications about zoonotic disease origins from the critical first two months leading up to the declaration of a global pandemic. Results suggest that communications about potential familiar food origins (pigs) affected people's risk perceptions, health behaviors, and COVID-19 stigma compared to more exotic food sources (e.g., snakes). Participants (N = 707) who read descriptions of exotic origins viewed the virus as riskier and reported stronger intentions to engage in preventative behaviors than those who read about familiar origins (pigs). However, reading exotic origin descriptions was also associated with stronger intentions to avoid Asian individuals and animal products. These results are critical for both theory and public policy. For theory, they are the first to experimentally demonstrate that zoonotic origin descriptions can impact intentions to engage in discriminatory behaviors for cultures viewed as the origin of a novel infectious disease. For policy, they offer clear, actionable insights on how to communicate about risks associated with a novel zoonosis while managing the potential impact on discriminatory behaviors and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark LaCour
- Department of Psychological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Brent Hughes
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California RiversideCAUSA
| | | | - Molly Ireland
- Department of Psychological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Darrell Worthy
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Jason Van Allen
- Department of Psychological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | | | | | - Tyler Davis
- Department of Psychological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
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