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Pattnaik M, Choudhary HR, Parai D, Shandilya J, Padhi AK, Sahoo N, Ghosal S, Sathpathy S, Panigrahi SK, Sahu SK, Samantaray A, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. One Health intervention for elimination of anthrax in an endemic district of Odisha: A baseline and endline study. One Health 2024; 18:100729. [PMID: 38644971 PMCID: PMC11026835 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study was to compare a baseline and endline survey which were conducted to assess the changes in knowledge, attitude and practices about anthrax disease among the communities after One Health intervention for the elimination of human anthrax in an endemic district of Odisha. Methods A total of 2670 respondents were interviewed during the baseline and 2511 for the endline survey using a structured questionnaire by multi-stage sampling method. Descriptive statistics were used and logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between the variables and knowledge of anthrax. Results Out of the total participants in the study, males were about 76.25% in baseline and 72.08% in endline and about half of the total respondents were illiterate. Majority of the respondents had reported agriculture as their main occupation during both surveys. More than 50% of the respondents had livestock in their houses and farming was the main purpose for keeping them in both surveys. Around 20.26% of respondents knew about anthrax in baseline which raised to 53.64% after One Health intervention. Almost 21.29% of livestock owners had vaccinated their animals against anthrax disease throughout baseline, which increased to 66.5% during the endline survey. Conclusion This study highlights a significant surge in both knowledge and practices related to anthrax within the community after the implementation of intervention packages based on the One Health approach. The outcome of our study signified the importance of One Health interventions to address the health challenges related to zoonotic diseases in tribal communities. The data could be useful for local Governments to incorporate such an approach in their health policy to eliminate human anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Jyoti Shandilya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Arun Kumar Padhi
- Office of the Chief District Medical Officer Koraput, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Shishirendu Ghosal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Sarangdhar Sathpathy
- Office of the Chief District Veterinary Officer Koraput, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Panigrahi
- Office of the Chief District Veterinary Officer Koraput, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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Pattnaik M, Nayak AK, Karna S, Rehman T, Sahoo SK, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Kshatri JS, Parai D, Walia K, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Social and biological evaluation of antimicrobial resistance (SOBEAR) in rural India: a study protocol. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1296382. [PMID: 38362213 PMCID: PMC10867149 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1296382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been one of the biggest global health threats in recent years, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, which requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary research approach. The use of large quantities of antimicrobial drugs inappropriately for humans, poultry and agriculture has been recognized as a leading cause of antibiotic resistance and the predominance of drug-resistance pathogens in the environment. This protocol aims to describe the use/misuse of antibiotics (ABs) in the community and evaluate clinical samples from healthcare settings to detect genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. Methods We will conduct a community-level survey in different villages of the Tigiria block to assess knowledge and awareness on ABs and AMR. We will conduct in-depth interviews (IDIs) with doctors, pharmacists, nurses and drug sellers, as well as focus group discussions (FGDs) with ASHA and ANM workers who are involved in antibiotic supplies to the community. Quantitative data from the community survey and qualitative data of IDIs and FGDs will be linked and analyzed using statistical modeling and iterative thematic content analysis. Specimens (stool, urine, blood and wound/pus) will be collected from clinically diagnosed patients of different healthcare centers of Tigiria block. The samples will be cultured for bacterial isolation and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA will be isolated from positive bacterial cultures and sequenced using PCR to evaluate high-threat multi-drug resistance organisms (MDROs), screening of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, antimicrobial genes responsible for MDR and quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs). Conclusion This is the community-based protocol to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, awareness and practices regarding ABs and AMR. The study protocol establishes a foundation for evaluating population-based prevalence and risk factors for AMR and MDROs in rural areas of the Odisha state, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Nayak
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Sonam Karna
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Tanveer Rehman
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
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Misra R, Bhattacharya D, Ahmed S, Amin S, Shobha V, Ghosh A, Pandya SC, Parai D, Padhan P, Priyadarshini S, Mohapatra I, Patro ARK, Mohanty AP, Pati S. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases versus family controls: a multi-city cross-sectional survey. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:81-87. [PMID: 37906254 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) who are on immunosuppressive drugs. We did a multicity cross-sectional seroprevalence study conducted in five different cities in India before COVID-19 immunization. Patients with a diagnosis of AIRD and DMARDs were included. Relatives of the patients, preferably staying in the same household with no known rheumatic diseases served as controls. Serum IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein and nucleoprotein (NP) were assayed in eight hundred and eighty nine sera (subjects with disease = 379 and in subjects without disease = 510). IgG antibodies to either RBD and/or NP were positive in 135 (36%) subjects with AIRD as compared to 196 (38%) controls. The seroprevalence of anti-RBD and anti-NP varied between different cities but was not significantly different between subjects with and without disease in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru and Bhubaneswar. However, the occurrence of IgG antibodies to RBD was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in subjects with disease (28/65;43%) as compared to subjects without disease (42/65;65%) in Kolkata, where the positivity rate was lower in connective tissue disease group than in inflammatory arthritis group. Overall, patients with rheumatic diseases on DMARDs have IgG antibodies to RBD and NP of SARSCoV-2 at a comparable level with that of subjects without disease, but the level of antibodies to RBD is lower in patients with connective tissue disease on immunosuppressive drugs in one centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramnath Misra
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Health Research, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sakir Ahmed
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjiv Amin
- Rheumatic Disease Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vineeta Shobha
- St Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alakendu Ghosh
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sapan C Pandya
- Rheumatology Clinic, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Health Research, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanta Padhan
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Subhadra Priyadarshini
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Ipsa Mohapatra
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - A Raj Kumar Patro
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Ambika Prasad Mohanty
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Health Research, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Kar B, Kundu CN, Singh MK, Dehury B, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Identification of potential inhibitor against CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 proteins: an in silico and in vitro study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:177-193. [PMID: 36995090 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae infection is a serious global threat. ESBLs target 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics, the most commonly prescribed medicine for gram-negative bacterial infections. As bacteria are prone to develop resistance against market-available ESBL inhibitors, finding a novel and effective inhibitor has become mandatory. Among ESBL, the worldwide reported two enzymes, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-3, are selected for the present study. CTX-M-3 protein was modeled, and two thousand phyto-compounds were virtually screened against both proteins. After filtering through docking and pharmacokinetic properties, four phyto-compounds (catechin gallate, silibinin, luteolin, uvaol) were further selected for intermolecular contact analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. MD trajectory analysis results were compared, revealing that both catechin gallate and silibinin had a stabilizing effect against both proteins. Silibinin having the lowest docking score, also displayed the lowest MIC (128 µg/mL) against the bacterial strains. Silibinin was also reported to have synergistic activity with cefotaxime and proved to have bactericidal effect. Nitrocefin assay confirmed that silibinin could inhibit beta-lactamase enzyme only in living cells, unlike clavulanic acid. Thus the present study validated the CTX-M inhibitory activity of silibinin both in silico and in vitro and suggested its promotion for further studies as a potential lead. The present study adopted a protocol through the culmination of bioinformatics and microbiological analyses, which will help future researchers identify more potential leads and design new effective drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasa Kar
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahender Kumar Singh
- Data Science Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Sahoo KC, Sinha A, Sahoo RK, Suman SS, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Diagnostic Validation and Feasibility of a Non-invasive Haemoglobin Screening Device (EzeCheck) for 'Anaemia Mukt Bharat' in India. Cureus 2024; 16:e52877. [PMID: 38406104 PMCID: PMC10894012 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaemia remains a major public health issue in India despite several efforts. It is crucial to introduce technology-based innovations for the mass screening and early diagnosis of anaemia. Traditional anaemia screening requires drawing blood and laboratory analysis and can be logistically expensive in resource-constrained settings. A non-invasive haemoglobin test for mass screening in such settings is vital which can quickly and efficiently screen large populations. This study validated the haemoglobin estimation between the invasive haematology analyzer and the non-invasive EzeCheck (EzeRx Health Tech Pvt. Ltd., Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India) in the community setting. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 416 urban slum members in Bhubaneswar, India. We used inter-rater reliability (kappa statistic) of haemoglobin estimation between the haematology analyzer and EzeCheck devices. The finding showed a moderate agreement between both devices (kappa=0.4221). Between both devices, 91.59% of the results were with +/-1.5 difference; 43.51%, no difference; 33.65%, less than one difference; and 14.42%, +/-1 to +/-1.5 difference of haemoglobin estimation. There was no significant difference in overall anaemia status estimates between the devices. Mass screening in schools and communities with non-invasive haemoglobin tests can help identify anaemic people for early diagnosis and bring patients for timely treatment, which can be used in remote areas to support 'Anaemia Mukt Bharat'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- Public Health, Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Abhinav Sinha
- Public Health, Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sahoo
- Public Health, Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - S Shradha Suman
- Public Health, Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Microbiology, Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Public Health, Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar, IND
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Sahoo KC, Sahay MR, Dubey S, Nayak S, Negi S, Mahapatra P, Bhattacharya D, Barrio MOD, Pati S. Community engagement and involvement in managing the COVID-19 pandemic among urban poor in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review and stakeholders mapping. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2133723. [PMID: 36537837 PMCID: PMC9769144 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2133723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community engagement and involvement (CEI) was crucial for the COVID-19 pandemic response, particularly among the urban poor in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, no evidence synthesis explores how CEI can benefit public health emergencies. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic scoping review of the CEI with an emphasis on stakeholder identification, accountability mapping, the support system, and the engagement process among urban poor populations in LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We searched eleven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL, following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines to find articles published between November 2019 and August 2021. PROSPERO registration No: CRD42021283599. We performed the quality assessment using a mixed-method appraisal tool. We synthesized the findings using thematic framework analysis. RESULTS We identified 6490 records. After the title and abstract screening, 133 studies were selected for full-text review, and finally, we included 30 articles. Many stakeholders were involved in COVID-19 support, particularly for health care, livelihoods, and WASH infrastructure, and their accountability mapping by adopting an interest - influence matrix. This review emphasizes the significance of meaningful CEI in designing and implementing public health efforts for pandemic management among urban slum populations. The interest - influence matrix findings revealed that specific community volunteers, community-based organizations, and civil society organizations had high interest but less influence, indicating that it is necessary to recognize and engage them. CONCLUSION Motivation is crucial for those with high influence but less interest, such as corporate responsibility/conscience and private food supply agencies, for the health system's preparedness plan among urban populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mili Roopchand Sahay
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shubhankar Dubey
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subhasish Nayak
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sapna Negi
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pranab Mahapatra
- Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mariam Otmani Del Barrio
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,CONTACT Sanghamitra Pati Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
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Secker S, Holmes H, Warren D, Avula S, Bhattacharya D, Choi S, Likeman M, Liu A, Mitra D, Oates A, Pearce K, Wheeler M, Mankad K, Batty R. Review of standard paediatric neuroradiology MRI protocols from 12 UK tertiary paediatric hospitals: is there much variation between centres? Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e941-e949. [PMID: 37788968 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are protocolled in tertiary paediatric neuroradiology centres around the UK for some of the more common presentations encountered in paediatric neuroradiology, and to identify any variations of note. MATERIALS AND METHODS All 19 UK tertiary paediatric neuroradiology centres registered with the British Society of Neuroradiologists-Paediatric Group were contacted and asked if they could provide a copy of their standard MRI protocols. Twelve responded (63%) and 10 of the more common presentations were selected and the standard acquired sequences obtained at each participating centre were compared. Where available the collated protocols were also compared against current published guidance. RESULTS The basic sequences carried out by centres around the UK are similar; however, there are lots of variations overall. The only standardised protocol currently being implemented nationally in paediatric imaging is that for brain tumours. Otherwise, chosen protocols are generally dependent on the preferences and technical capabilities of individual centres. Suggested published protocols also exist for non-accidental injury (NAI), multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and head and neck imaging. CONCLUSIONS The differences in MRI protocolling depend in part on technical capabilities and in part on the experience and preferences of the paediatric neuroradiologists at each centre. For most presentations, there is no consensus as to what constitutes the perfect protocol. The present results will be useful for specialist centres who may wish to review their current protocols, and for more generalist centres to use as a reference to guide their MRI protocolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Secker
- Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK.
| | - H Holmes
- Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Warren
- Neuroradiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - S Avula
- Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Neuroradiology, The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - S Choi
- Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Likeman
- Neuroradiology, Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - A Liu
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Mitra
- Neuroradiology, Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - A Oates
- Radiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Pearce
- Neuroradiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - M Wheeler
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Mankad
- Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Batty
- Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK
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Parai D, Pattnaik M, Choudhary HR, Padhi AK, Pattnaik S, Jena S, Sahoo SK, Rout UK, Padhi A, Sahoo N, Biswal S, Padhi SK, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Investigation of human anthrax outbreak in Koraput district of Odisha, India. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 56:102659. [PMID: 37926374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthrax is a zoonotic infection resulting from the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Humans contract cutaneous anthrax by coming into contact, and gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax by consumption of infected animals or animal products. An outbreak investigation was conducted to confirm the occurrence of the anthrax outbreak, comprehend its extent, understand the epidemiological characteristics, identify the outbreak's cause, and propose control measures. METHODS A descriptive epidemiology was carried out for this outbreak investigation. We defined a suspected human cutaneous anthrax case as appearance of skin lesions and symptoms (itching/redness/swelling) and a suspected case of GI anthrax as appearance of diarrhoea/abdominal pain/vomiting in a resident of Koraput district after being associated with slaughtering and/or consumption of carcass during 5th April to 15th May 2023. The etiological hypothesis was formulated using descriptive epidemiological methods. Laboratory confirmation was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 25. RESULTS A total of 47 clinically suspected anthrax cases were identified during the outbreak in five villages of Koraput district in Odisha. The epidemic curve indicated multiple point-source exposures starting from 13th April 2023. About 10 cases were identified by RT-PCR testing as confirmed cases of anthrax. No death was recorded in this outbreak investigation. CONCLUSIONS Based on a thorough examination of epidemiological survey results and laboratory findings, we conclude that the outbreak was of human cutaneous and GI anthrax. Exposures from handling dead animals were associated with cutaneous anthrax, whereas eating uncooked meat of dead sheep was associated with gastrointestinal anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | | | - Swati Pattnaik
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | - Sunita Jena
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Ankita Padhi
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Sangram Biswal
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Soumesh Kumar Padhi
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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9
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Alves CAPF, Sidpra J, Manteghinejad A, Sudhakar S, Massey FV, Aldinger KA, Haldipur P, Lucato LT, Ferraciolli SF, Teixeira SR, Öztekin Ö, Bhattacharya D, Taranath A, Prabhu SP, Mirsky DM, Andronikou S, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ, Boltshauser E, Dobyns WB, Barkovich MJ, Whitehead MT, Mankad K. Dandy-Walker Phenotype with Brainstem Involvement: 2 Distinct Subgroups with Different Prognosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1201-1207. [PMID: 37591769 PMCID: PMC10549954 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although cardinal imaging features for the diagnostic criteria of the Dandy-Walker phenotype have been recently defined, there is a large range of unreported malformations among these patients. The brainstem, in particular, deserves careful attention because malformations in this region have potentially important implications for clinical outcomes. In this article, we offer detailed information on the association of brainstem dysgenesis in a large, multicentric cohort of patients with the Dandy-Walker phenotype, defining different subtypes of involvement and their potential clinical impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this established multicenter cohort of 329 patients with the Dandy-Walker phenotype, we include and retrospectively review the MR imaging studies and clinical records of 73 subjects with additional brainstem malformations. Detailed evaluation of the different patterns of brainstem involvement and their potential clinical implications, along with comparisons between posterior fossa measurements for the diagnosis of the Dandy-Walker phenotype, was performed among the different subgroups of patients with brainstem involvement. RESULTS There were 2 major forms of brainstem involvement in patients with Dandy-Walker phenotype including the following: 1) the mild form with anteroposterior disproportions of the brainstem structures "only" (57/73; 78%), most frequently with pontine hypoplasia (44/57; 77%), and 2) the severe form with patients with tegmental dysplasia with folding, bumps, and/or clefts (16/73; 22%). Patients with severe forms of brainstem malformation had significantly increased rates of massive ventriculomegaly, additional malformations involving the corpus callosum and gray matter, and interhemispheric cysts. Clinically, patients with the severe form had significantly increased rates of bulbar dysfunction, seizures, and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Additional brainstem malformations in patients with the Dandy-Walker phenotype can be divided into 2 major subgroups: mild and severe. The severe form, though less prevalent, has characteristic imaging features, including tegmental folding, bumps, and clefts, and is directly associated with a more severe clinical presentation and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A P F Alves
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Sidpra
- Unit of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Manteghinejad
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - S Sudhakar
- Unit of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - F V Massey
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery (F.V.M.), National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - K A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - P Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - L T Lucato
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (L.T.L., S.F.F.), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S F Ferraciolli
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (L.T.L., S.F.F.), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Teixeira
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ö Öztekin
- Department of Neuroradiology (Ö.Ö.), Bakırçay University, Çiğli Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.B.), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - A Taranath
- Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S P Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (S.P.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (D.M.M.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S Andronikou
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - K J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - A J Barkovich
- Department of Neuroradiology (A.J.B., M.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - E Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.B.), University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W B Dobyns
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism (W.B.D.), University of Minnesota, Minneaplis, Minnesota
| | - M J Barkovich
- Department of Neuroradiology (A.J.B., M.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M T Whitehead
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - K Mankad
- Unit of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Kanungo S, Giri S, Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Palo SK, Parai D, Turuk J, Praharaj I, Mansingh A, Dash GC, Choudhary HR, Pattnaik M, Barik SR, Mohanta AR, Swain A, Mohapatra I, Sahoo RK, Mishra RP, Patro SK, Satapathy DM, Pati S. Serosurveys to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among high-risk groups in six urban cities of Odisha, India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2023; 17:1255-1261. [PMID: 37824363 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personnel involved in essential services or residing in high-risk areas during the COVID-19 pandemic are at increased risk of getting infected. We evaluated the proportion of personnel infected in several high-risk groups in Odisha using seroprevalence studies. METHODOLOGY During July to November, 2020, individuals from multiple high-risk groups in 6 urban cities (Bhubaneswar, Berhampur, Cuttack, Malkangiri, Paralakhemundi, and Rourkela) in Odisha, India, were recruited to the study after obtaining written informed consent. Blood samples collected from the study participants were tested for IgG antibodies against COVID-19 in Roche Cobas e441 (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland). Information on socio-demographic variables, association with a confirmed or suspected case, and other details were collected using an electronic data capture tool and analysed with a statistical software. RESULTS The overall COVID-19 seroprevalence was 34.9% (95%CI 33.6-36.2) among the 5434 individuals. The seroprevalence varied from 21.8% (95% CI, 19.6-24.1) in Rourkela to 54.9% (95% CI, 51.5-58.2) in Bhubaneswar. Seropositivity was maximum among prisoners (47.7%), followed by municipality/ sanitation staff (43.5%), and other office going staff (40.8%). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that participants aged 18-29 years, 30-44 years, residents of slums and vending zone, municipality staff, prisoners, residents of urban cities Malkangiri, Cuttack, Paralakhemundi, Bhubaneswar and those with previous history of COVID-19 were independent co-relates of seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS The risk of COVID-19 varied among the high-risk groups of Odisha. Periodic seroprevalence studies in future are essential to protect the high-risk personnel involved in frontline activities during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | - Debaprasad Parai
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Ira Praharaj
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aparajita Swain
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ira Mohapatra
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Sithun Kumar Patro
- Department of Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Durga Madhab Satapathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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11
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Makone A, Angami K, Bhattacharya D, Frick M, Castillo JG, Herrera R, McKenna L, Moses GK, Rucsineanu O, Sari AH, Stillo J, Agbassi P. One size does not fit all: community views on choices for TB treatment and prevention. Public Health Action 2023; 13:67-69. [PMID: 37736579 PMCID: PMC10446664 DOI: 10.5588/pha.23.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment and prevention paradigms in TB have been dominated by a 'one-size-fits-all' approach, in which all persons are given the same treatment regimens. This stands in contrast to other health conditions, where differentiated models of care have been shown to be effective. In this Viewpoint, we make the case for considering multiple factors when deciding which regimens should be offered to people with TB infection and disease. Choice about which regimens to use should be made in conjunction with people who have TB and consider efficacy, safety, duration, pill burden, formulation, drug interactions, time spent in monitoring, drug susceptibility, compatibility with other areas of life, and availability of support services. Ideally, these choices should be considered within an equity framework with the most intensified services being offered to those considered most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makone
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Angami
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Access to Rights and Knowledge Foundation, Kohima
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Survivors Against TB, New Delhi, India
| | - M Frick
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Treatment Action Group, New York, NY
| | - J G Castillo
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Herrera
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
| | - L McKenna
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Survivors Against TB, New Delhi, India
| | - G K Moses
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Rucsineanu
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Moldova National Association of Tuberculosis Patients "SMIT" (Society of Moldova against Tuberculosis), Chis¸ina˘u, Moldova
| | - A H Sari
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Stillo
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - P Agbassi
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Sinha A, Kanungo S, Bhattacharya D, Kaur H, Pati S. Non-communicable disease multimorbidity among tribal older adults in India: evidence from Study on Global AGEing and adult health, 2015. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1217753. [PMID: 37693702 PMCID: PMC10488702 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1217753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multimorbidity defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more chronic conditions in an individual is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries such as India. With India aiming to achieve universal health coverage, it is imperative to address the inequalities in accessing healthcare, especially among vulnerable groups such as tribal. Moreover, changing lifestyle has led to the emergence of multimorbidity among tribals in India. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and assess the correlates of multimorbidity among tribal older adults in India. Methods We employed nationally representative data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health conducted in 2015. We included 522 participants aged ≥50 years who reported their caste to be 'Scheduled Tribe' in the survey. A multivariable regression model assessed the association between multimorbidity and various attributes. Results Arthritis, cataract, and hypertension were the most common chronic conditions. The overall prevalence of multimorbidity was ~22.61%. We observed a higher likelihood of having multimorbidity among respondents aged ≥80 years [AOR: 4.08 (1.17-14.18)] than the younger age groups, and among the most affluent group [AOR: 2.64 (1.06-6.56)] than the most deprived class. Conclusion The prevalence of multimorbidity among tribal older adults is emerging which cannot be overlooked. Health and wellness centers may be a window of opportunity to provide egalitarian and quality preventive and curative services to achieve universal health coverage. Future studies should explore the outcomes of multimorbidity in terms of healthcare utilization, expenditure, and quality of life in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sinha
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Harpreet Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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13
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Kshatri JS, Mansingh A, Kavitha AK, Bhattacharya H, Bhuyan D, Bhattacharya D, Rehman T, Swain A, Mishra D, Tripathy I, Mohapatra MR, Nayak M, Sahoo UK, Pati S. Odisha tribal family health survey: methods, tools, and protocols for a comprehensive health assessment survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1157241. [PMID: 37492137 PMCID: PMC10364047 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribal or indigenous communities have unique health behaviors, challenges, and inequities that nationally representative surveys cannot document. Odisha has one of India's largest and most diverse tribal populations, constituting more than a fifth of the state. State and tribe-specific health data generation is recommended in India's national roadmap of tribal health. The Odisha tribal family health survey (OTFHS) aims to describe and compare the health status of tribal communities in the state of Odisha and to estimate the prevalence of key maternal-child health indicators and chronic diseases. This paper summarizes the methodology, protocols, and tools used in this survey. This is a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage random sampling design in 13 (tribal sub-plan areas) districts of Odisha, India. We will include participants of all age groups and gender who belong to tribal communities. The sample size was calculated for each tribe and aggregated to 40,921, which will be collected from 10,230 households spread over 341 clusters. The survey data will be collected electronically in modules consisting of Village, Household, and Individual level questionnaires. The age-group-specific questionnaires were adapted from other national family health surveys with added constructs related to specific health issues of tribal communities, including-critical indicators related to infectious and non-communicable diseases, multimorbidity, nutrition, healthcare-seeking behavior, self-rated health, psycho-social status, maternal and child health and geriatric health. A battery of laboratory investigations will be conducted at the household level and the central laboratory. The tests include liver function tests, kidney function tests, lipid profile, iron profile, and seroprevalence of scrub typhus and hepatitis infections. The datasets from household questionnaires, field measurements and tests and laboratory reports will be connected using a common unique ID in the database management system (DBMS) built for this survey. Robust quality control measures have been built into each step of the survey. The study examines the data focused on different aspects of family health, including reproductive health, adolescent and child health, gender issues in the family, ageing, mental health, and other social problems in a family. Multistage random sampling has been used in the study to enable comparison between tribes. The anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests would help to identify the indicators of chronic diseases among various age groups of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Singh Kshatri
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - A. K. Kavitha
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Haimanti Bhattacharya
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Dinesh Bhuyan
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tanveer Rehman
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Aparajita Swain
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debashis Mishra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Indramani Tripathy
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manas R. Mohapatra
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Moushumi Nayak
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Sahoo
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
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14
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Stephen A, Nair S, Joshi A, Aggarwal S, Adhikari T, Diwan V, Devi KR, Mishra BK, Yadav GK, Sahu D, Gulati BK, Sharma S, Yadav J, Ovung S, Duggal C, Sharma M, Bangar SD, Rebecca PB, Rani S, Selvaraj P, Xavier GG, Peter V, Watson B, Kannan T, Asmathulla KSMD, Bhattacharya D, Turuk J, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Behera AK, Pandey AK, Zaman K, Misra B, Kumar N, Behera S, Singh R, Narain K, Kant R, Sahay S, Tiwari R, Thomas BE, Karikalan N, Panda S, Vardhana Rao MV, Ujagare D, Chinchore S. Gender differences in COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and public stigma among the general community: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional study in India. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 2023; 93:103776. [PMID: 37303828 PMCID: PMC10229202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Individual and community characteristics predictive of knowledge, perception, and attitude on COVID-19, specifically on gender, have not been adequately explored. Objective To examine the gender differences in COVID-19 knowledge, self-risk perception and public stigma among the general community and to understand other socio-demographic factors which were predictive of them. Method A nationally representative cross-sectional multi-centric survey was conducted among adult individuals(≥18 yrs) from the community member (N = 1978) from six states and one union territory of India between August 2020 to February 2021. The participants were selected using systematic random sampling. The data were collected telephonically using pilot-tested structured questionnaires and were analyzed using STATA. Gender-segregated multivariable analysis was conducted to identify statistically significant predictors (p < 0.05) of COVID-19-related knowledge, risk perception, and public stigma in the community. Results Study identified significant differences between males and females in their self-risk perception (22.0% & 18.2% respectively) and stigmatizing attitude (55.3% & 47.1% respectively). Highly educated males and females had higher odds of having COVID-19 knowledge (aOR: 16.83: p < 0.05) than illiterates. Highly educated women had higher odds of having self-risk perception (aOR: 2.6; p < 0.05) but lower public stigma [aOR: 0.57; p < 0.05]. Male rural residents had lower odds of having self-risk perception and knowledge [aOR: 0.55; p < 0.05 & aOR: 0.72; p < 0.05] and female rural residents had higher odds of having public stigma [aOR: 1.36; p < 0.05]. Conclusion Our study findings suggest the importance of considering thegender differentials and their background, education status and residential status in designing effective interventions to improve knowledge and reduce risk perception and stigma in the community about COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stephen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Saritha Nair
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Joshi
- School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulsi Adhikari
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring & Exposure Assessment (Water & Soil), ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Kangjam Rekha Devi
- Divison of Enteric Disease, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Mishra
- Department of Medical, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Damodar Sahu
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Bal Kishan Gulati
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeetendra Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Senthanro Ovung
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetna Duggal
- School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Moina Sharma
- Department of Environmental Health & Epidemiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Sampada Dipak Bangar
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Statistics, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pricilla B Rebecca
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S Rani
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Pradeep Selvaraj
- Office of District Non-Communicable Disease, Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai, India
| | | | - Vanessa Peter
- Informational & Resource Centre for the Deprived Urban Communities, Chennai, India
| | - Basilea Watson
- Electronic Data Processing Unit, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - T Kannan
- Electronic Data Processing Unit, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - K S M D Asmathulla
- Integrated People Development Project Trust, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Behera
- Department of Clinical, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Kamran Zaman
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - BrijRanjan Misra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajeev Singh
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Rajni Kant
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Research Management, Policy, Planning and Coordination Cell, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sahay
- Social &Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Beena Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - N Karikalan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - M Vishnu Vardhana Rao
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhammsagar Ujagare
- Social &Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Chinchore
- Social &Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Sahoo KC, Negi S, Mahapatra P, Samantaray K, Dash GC, Dubey S, Sahay MR, Sahoo RK, Bhattacharya D, Sahoo B, Pani SP, Otmani del Barrio M, Pati S. Gender dimensions of health-related challenges among urban poor during COVID-19 pandemic in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and gap analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1170386. [PMID: 37361176 PMCID: PMC10288984 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has varying effects on men, women, and the transgender population. However, there is a paucity of systematic evidence on how gender and other social determinants of health during COVID-19 are affected in resource constraint urban settings. This review describes the gender dimensions of health-related challenges among the urban poor during COVID-19 in LMICs. We searched 11 scholarly online repositories including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL using the domain "slums," "COVID-19", "LMICs" and "gender identities." We used thematic framework analysis to synthesize qualitative data, and meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence. We registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020203783). We identified 6490 records, and 37 articles included. The studies reported stress among 74% women and 78% men, depression among 59% women and 62% men, and anxiety among 79% women and 63% men. Men had more stress than women during COVID-19; men are primarily responsible for household sustenance. Women had more anxiety than men, possibly because they are often the primary caregivers for children and the older population. While the severity varies according to gender identity, their vulnerability mostly related to their literacy and economy, highlighting the significance of including all social determinants in future primary studies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sapna Negi
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pranab Mahapatra
- Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kajal Samantaray
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shubhankar Dubey
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mili Roopchand Sahay
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Banamber Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Mariam Otmani del Barrio
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Health Technology Assessment in India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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16
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Akhtar N, Dash GC, Kumawat A, Parai D, Choudhary HR, Mohanta AR, Pattnaik M, Kanungo S, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among school children aged 12-14 years: A cross-sectional study from Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2023; 17:583-587. [PMID: 37279412 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Universal coverage of COVID-19 vaccines is of paramount importance for the prevention and control of the pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 declared vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten global health threats. The study aims to find out the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among school children along with their parent's perspectives. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children (aged 12-14 years) at two schools in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected via web-based links using a semi-structured questionnaire among students and their parents. RESULTS Of 343 children, 79% (271) showed a strong willingness to get vaccinated. Around 91.8% (315) of parents agreed to get their children vaccinated. Fear of side effects (65.2%) was the most common reason for unwillingness. CONCLUSIONS With only 1/5th of the children not willing to get vaccinated, policymakers should create a multi-centric effort for the universal coverage of the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushaba Akhtar
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Archana Kumawat
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
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17
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Mishra BK, Kanungo S, Panda S, Patel K, Swain S, Dwivedy S, Karna S, Bhuyan D, Som M, Marta B, Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Pati S, Palo SK. Access to Maternal and Child Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Explorative Qualitative Study in Odisha, India. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:459-464. [PMID: 37469922 PMCID: PMC10353676 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_285_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal and child health (MCH) care is one of the essential routine healthcare services, which got affected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Modeled projections had anticipated an 8.3%-38.6% rise in maternal mortality from different countries globally. In view of limited studies pertaining to issues related to accessing MCH services in the event of a pandemic, this study was carried out on pregnant and postnatal mothers in Odisha, India. Methods An explorative qualitative study through 36 in-depth interviews (IDIs) was conducted among 16 (44.4%) antenatal and 20 (55.5%) postnatal mothers in six of thirty districts of Odisha, India, from February to April 2021. The districts and blocks were randomly selected for better representativeness. The IDIs were conducted using a predesigned and pretested guide among mothers who had undergone delivery or availed of antenatal, postnatal, or child health services from October 2020 to April 2021. The IDIs were conducted till data saturation. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. Results The average age of mothers was 27.6 (+/- 2.2) years. Among the participants, 16 (44.4%) were antenatal and 20 (55.6%) were postnatal mothers; 19 (52.8%) were primipara and 17 (47.2%) were multipara. The majority explained that they received enormous support including door-to-door services from the community health workers (CHWs) even during the difficult times of the pandemic. Reduced transportation facility and fear of contracting the infection were reasons behind the unwillingness to visit health facilities and preference for home delivery. Furthermore, the pandemic had physical, mental, social, and financial impacts among pregnant and postnatal women. Conclusion The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has affected access to MCH services by antenatal and postnatal mothers. Health system preparedness and appropriate strategies including better community engagement and participation could avert such challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kripalini Patel
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagatika Swain
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sonam Karna
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dinesh Bhuyan
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | - Jaya S. Kshatri
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Subrata K. Palo
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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18
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Sahoo KC, Dash GC, Panda S, Kshatri JS, Uddin A, Pattnaik M, Sahoo RK, Diwedi R, Palo SK, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Impact of smokeless cooking fuel use on health status of women in a rural setting of eastern India. Int J Environ Health Res 2023; 33:464-472. [PMID: 35128996 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2035324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable development goals (SDG 7.1) reinforce to ensure that everyone has access to affordable, safe and renewable energy. In India, women are typically responsible for cooking and are most vulnerable to household air contaminants. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional comparative study in Odisha, India between exclusive LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) users and non-LPG users. A total of 900 women, 450 from each group, were randomly selected. The LPG-users had a better predictor of physical, psychological, social, and environmental wellbeing than non-LPG users. We found the ophthalmic disorders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.87, 95% CI 1.16-7.10, p = .023), asthma (AOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.15-3.65, p = .015), and ALRI (acute lower respiratory infections) (AOR 9.19, 95% CI 2.06-40.96, p < .004) were significantly higher in non-LPG users in comparison to LPG users. Access to smokeless cooking fuel will improve women's quality of life by eliminating the consumption of biofuel and thereby providing a healthier cooking environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhashree Panda
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Azhar Uddin
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sahoo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rinshu Diwedi
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Palo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
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Sabat J, Bhattacharya D, Subhadra S, Gurav YK, Pati SS, Dwibedi B. Outbreaks and sporadic cases of japanese encephalitis in the state of Odisha, India: Outcome of 7 years of laboratory surveillance. Indian J Public Health 2023; 67:324-327. [PMID: 37459034 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1294_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a major public health challenge in India. We report here the epidemiology of sporadics and outbreaks of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in Odisha state during 2012-2018. A total of 4235 AES cases (sporadics - 3394, outbreak cases - 841) recorded including 42 outbreaks; majority (n = 18) of which were during 2016. Overall JE virus (JEV) positivity was 11.78% (outbreak cases - 24.5%, sporadic cases - 8.6%). Age ≤15 years were largely affected during outbreaks, while 16-60 years population was dominant among sporadics. The major outbreak (2016) involved 336 patients from a tribal dominated district, spread over 173 villages. JEV seropositivity was high (43.45%) with 28.57% mortality. Epidemiological linkage with pig rearing was documented through JEV neutralizing antibodies in 50% of pig serum samples. Although the postvaccination period (2017-18) showed increase in AES case reporting but low JE proportion. Ongoing surveillance and preparedness of the health system would be of importance, especially in tribal-dominated districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsnamayee Sabat
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subhra Subhadra
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Yogesh K Gurav
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satya Sundar Pati
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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20
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Perumal P, De AK, Bhattacharya D, Chakurkar EB. Lactation stages modulate the hematological, serum biochemical, and endocrinological profiles and oxidative stress markers in crossbred cows under tropical humid island ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:131. [PMID: 36964324 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the interrelationship between hematological, serum biochemical, and endocrinological profiles and oxidative stress markers and lactational stages in crossbred (CB) dairy cows of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI). Healthy (n = 6) CB cows (50-62.50% exotic inheritance; Holstein Friesian × Andaman local) of 4th parity with age of 7-9 years and body weight of 350-400 kg were selected from Cattle Breeding Farm, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-CIARI), Port Blair, ANI. These experimental cows were synchronized with Ovsynch protocol, and parturition was planned to happen in the month of May-June. Lactation was allowed for 305 days. Hematological profiles, serum biochemical profiles, oxidative stress markers and endocrinological profiles were measured at a 15-day interval from day 07 to 305 of lactation (after 6 days of colostrum). The lactation period was divided into first (day 07 to 90), second (day 91 to 180), and third (day 181 to 305) stage of lactation. Average daily milk yield (L) did not vary among the stages of lactations; however, first (8.56 ± 1.26) and second (9.79 ± 0.87) stages had higher milk yield compared to third (7.93 ± 0.79) stage of lactation. Hematological profiles did not vary among the stages of lactation; however, these values were within the range of bovine species at lactation. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total protein, globulin, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased (P < 0.05) and albumin and creatinine decreased (P < 0.05) gradually as lactation stages advanced. Activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and concentration of calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium were nearly similar among the stages of lactation. Similarly, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) increased and prolactin and cortisol decreased (P < 0.05) gradually as stages of lactation advanced. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased (P < 0.05) as lactation stages advanced. The results of the present study indicated that the lactating CB cows suffered nutritional stress (deficiency of protein, carbohydrate, lipids, and minerals), physiological stress (higher cortisol), oxidative stress (higher MDA and deficiency of total antioxidant capacity), and hormonal imbalance (higher prolactin and cortisol and deficiency of thyroid hormones) during the early stages of lactation. Thus, the first and second stages are more stressful events compared to the third stage of lactation in the CB cows in ANI. Therefore, regular monitoring of blood components and accordingly suitable feeding strategies with balanced nutrients and minerals, supplementation of suitable antioxidants, and appropriate management practices need to be implemented to mitigate these stresses and to prevent metabolic disorders with maximum milk production during different stages of lactation in CB cows under humid tropical island ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Perumal
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair-744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair, India.
| | - A K De
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair-744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair-744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair, India
| | - E B Chakurkar
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair-744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair, India
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21
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Kar B, Kundu CN, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Discovery of phyto-compounds as novel inhibitors against NDM-1 and VIM-1 protein through virtual screening and molecular modelling. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1267-1280. [PMID: 34961397 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2019125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amid the rise of multi-drug resistance among bacterial pathogens, the drying of the development pipeline of new antibiotics is worrisome. In search of new effective alternatives, phytocompounds can be considered a good one because of their immense antimicrobial property, low toxicity and huge structural diversity. In the present study, 200 phytocompounds were targeted against two Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) enzymes (NDM-1 and VIM-1) through molecular docking and meropenem was used as a reference drug. The phytocompounds with docking score ≤-8.0 kcal/mol were screened for their pharmacokinetic properties. The three best selected phytocompounds are Coriandrinonediol, Oleanderolide and Uzarigenin. Molecular docking helps to understand binding affinity. The selected phytocompounds showed better result than meropenem. Molecular interaction study reveals their competitive mechanism of inhibition against the target proteins. Coriandrinonediol has docking score -8.3 kcal/mol (NDM-1) and -8.9 kcal/mol (VIM-1), and oleanderolide has docking score -8.2 kcal/mol (NDM-1) and -9.3 kcal/mol (VIM-1). Uzarigenin has the highest binding affinity (-10.4 kcal/mol) among the three against VIM-1 and the lowest binding affinity (-8.1 kcal/mol) against NDM-1. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation study also supports the stability and flexibility of the above phytocompounds during the MD run. Among the abovementioned three phytocompounds, oleanderolide has given the best result against both target proteins. These phytocompounds are first time reported as MBL inhibitors and their promising in silico results encourage to promote them for further investigation for in vitro and in vivo clinical trials.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasa Kar
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Odisha, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Odisha, India
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22
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Perumal P, Sunder J, De AK, Alyethodi RR, Vikram R, Upadhyay VR, Mayuri SC, Bhattacharya D. Flaxseed oil modulates testicular biometrics, hormone, libido, antioxidant and semen profiles in endangered Teressa goat of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100730. [PMID: 36640628 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Teressa goat is a unique goat breed in Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) of India. Effects of Flaxseed oil (FSO) supplementation in body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC), testicular volume (TV) and testicular weight (TW), endocrinological profiles, sex behavioural profiles (SBPs), oxidative stress markers and semen production and its quality profiles in rainy and dry summer season were studied in Teressa goat. Male goats (n = 12) of 3-4 years old were equally divided into control and treated groups. Treated animals received 25 mL FSO per day. Oral drenching of FSO was done in the morning before feeding the concentrate ration. Body weight, scrotal circumference, TV and TW were measured in bucks of FSO treated and untreated during rainy and dry summer seasons. Blood follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), cortisol and prolactin, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in bucks of FSO treated and untreated during rainy and dry summer seasons. Libido score (LS), mating ability score (MAS) and sex behavioural score (SBS) were estimated at time of semen collection in bucks of FSO treated and untreated during rainy and dry summer seasons. Semen samples (n = 100; 50 semen samples from each season; each 25 semen samples from control and treatment groups per season) were collected and analysed for semen quality profiles. One-way ANOVA (control rainy, control dry, treated rainy and treated dry) revealed that BW, SC, TV and TW, FSH, LH, testosterone, TSH, T3 and T4 were higher (P < 0.05) and cortisol and prolactin were lower (P < 0.05) in FSO treated bucks of rainy season followed by untreated bucks of rainy season, FSO treated bucks of dry summer season and were lower (P < 0.05) in untreated bucks of dry summer season. Similarly, TAC, CAT, SOD and GSH, LS, MAS and SBS, and volume, pH, sperm concentration, mass activity, total motility (TM), viability, acrosomal integrity (AcI), plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and nuclear integrity (NI) were higher (P < 0.05) and MDA and TSA were lower (P < 0.05) in FSO treated bucks of rainy season followed by FSO treated bucks of dry summer season, untreated bucks of rainy season and were lower (P < 0.05) in untreated bucks of dry summer season. The results of the present study indicated that the breeding bucks suffered physiological stress (higher cortisol), oxidative stress (higher MDA and deficiency of antioxidants), hormonal imbalance (higher prolactin and cortisol and deficiency of gonadotropins, gonadal hormone and thyroid hormones) and infertility due to poor libido and poor semen production and its quality profiles during dry summer season. Thus, dry summer was more stressful season compared to rainy season for the goat bucks. FSO supplementation mitigated these stresses and improved the scrotal and testicular biometrics, libido, antioxidants, hormones and semen quality profiles in Teressa goat bucks. The current study concluded that FSO effectively improved the hormones, libido, antioxidant profiles, and scrotal and testicular biometrics with cascading beneficial effects on semen quality profiles in Teressa goat bucks under humid tropical island ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Perumal
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - Jai Sunder
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - A K De
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - R R Alyethodi
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - R Vikram
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | - V R Upadhyay
- Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 13200, Haryana, India
| | - S C Mayuri
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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Sahoo KC, Athe R, Bhattacharya D, Dwivedi R, Sahoo RK, Aimol LW, Jain S, Rajsekhar K, Pati S. Use of Portable Automated Auditory Brainstem Responses in Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening: A Mixed-Method Study in Odisha, India. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:298-300. [PMID: 36598633 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss in children affects cognitive development, so early detection is crucial. It is because of the lack of portable technology that the majority of hearing problems go undetected. The authors conducted a mixed-method study in India to examine the concurrent validity and operational feasibility of portable automated brainstem response (P-AABR) and otoacoustic emissions (OAE) in universal neonatal hearing screening. They screened 198 children's ears using ABR and OAE devices. Additionally, 60 observations were recorded during the 'portable automated ABR' screening process. The hearing screening could be performed with P-AABR by any health care staff with basic skill-based training. However, the interpretation of the graphical wave required an audiologist. If the baby was quiet, the test could be performed in 20 min, including electrode implantation, impediment setting, earphone installation, and swipe counts. The P-AABR device can be used in the universal health coverage of hearing screening among infants in outreach areas due to its portability and minimal infrastructural requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), Regional Resource Hub, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Ramesh Athe
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), Regional Resource Hub, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), Regional Resource Hub, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rinshu Dwivedi
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), Regional Resource Hub, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), Regional Resource Hub, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lanu Wanboy Aimol
- Ayjnishd (Divyangjan), Regional Center, Janla, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shalu Jain
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavitha Rajsekhar
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), Regional Resource Hub, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Pattnaik M, Nayak AK, Karna S, Sahoo SK, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Kshatri JS, Parai D, Walia K, Singh T, Choudhary HR, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Perception and determinants leading to antimicrobial (mis)use: A knowledge, attitude, and practices study in the rural communities of Odisha, India. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1074154. [PMID: 36711396 PMCID: PMC9880167 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1074154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the major public health issues globally. This cross-sectional study determined knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial use and AMR among rural communities of Tigiria (Odisha), India. Methods A semi-structured questionnaire based on socio-demographic characteristics, antibiotics usage, awareness of antimicrobial resistance, healthcare utilization and quality of life were asked to the participants using an electronic device with Open Data Kit. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA were performed to analyze the variables. Results A total of 1,003 participants were surveyed in the study from 25 villages of Tigiria. About 44.47% (95% CI: 41.36-47.60) of study participants have heard about antimicrobial medicines and 14.75% (95% CI: 12.65-17.13) of participants were involved in buying antibiotics without prescription over the counter. Around 20.14% (95% CI: 17.72-22.78) of participants, stopped taking antibiotics before completing the full course. The physical domain was the most affected with low scores compared to other domains of quality of life (QOL). The QOL scores were found significant (p < 0.05) across age, gender, education and ethnicity. Conclusion The study documented a significant level of KAP regarding antimicrobial (mis)use in the study. It is essential that antimicrobial stewardship programs for various stakeholders and educational programmes must be initiated to increase awareness of people on antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Nayak
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sonam Karna
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Taru Singh
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,*Correspondence: Sanghamitra Pati ✉
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,Debdutta Bhattacharya ✉
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Bhattacharya D, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Kshatri JS, Pattnaik M, Ghosal S, Mohapatra P, Rao CM, Sahoo A, Mishra RP, Mishra S, Mohanta AR, Doley C, Pati S. Effectiveness of the BBV-152 and AZD1222 vaccines among adult patients hospitalized in tertiary hospitals in Odisha with symptomatic respiratory diseases: A test-negative case-control study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1041586. [PMID: 36684990 PMCID: PMC9852818 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1041586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two vaccines, namely BBV-152 (COVAXIN®) and AZD1222 (COVISHIELD™), were deployed against SARS-CoV-2 in India from January 16, 2021. Frontline health care workers were vaccinated first, followed by the adult population. However, limited data on vaccine effectiveness are available for the population of India. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two doses of each of these two common vaccines against COVID-19 infection among hospitalized patients with pulmonary conditions. We adopted a test-negative case-control design and recruited a sample of adults who were admitted to one of six tertiary care hospitals in Odisha. All participants were hospitalized patients with COVID-19-like pulmonary signs and symptoms. Participants who tested positive for SARS CoV-2 via RT-PCR were treated as cases, and those who tested negative were treated as controls. Logistic regression, adjusted for participants' age, sex, and number of comorbidities, was used to calculate the effectiveness of the two vaccines, using the formula: 100*(1 - adjusted odds ratio). Between March and July of 2021, data were collected from 1,614 eligible adults (864 cases and 750 controls). Among all participants, 9.7% had received two doses of one of the two COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine effectiveness was 74.0% (50.5%-86.0%) for two doses of BBV-152 and 79.0% (65.4%-87.2%) for two doses of AZD1222. Thus, two doses of either BBV-152 or AZD1222 nCoV-19 vaccine were found to be substantially effective in protecting against COVID-19-related infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdutta Bhattacharya
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,Debdutta Bhattacharya ✉
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Pranab Mohapatra
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - C. Mohan Rao
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Avinav Sahoo
- Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sanghamitra Mishra
- Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Chinki Doley
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,*Correspondence: Sanghamitra Pati ✉
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Parai D, Pattnaik M, Kshatri JS, Rout UK, Peter A, Nanda RR, Sahoo SK, Mansingh A, Choudhary HR, Dash GC, Praharaj I, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Scrub typhus seroprevalence from an eastern state of India: findings from the state-wide serosurvey. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:22-27. [PMID: 35947959 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scrub typhus is a mite-borne infectious disease caused primarily by the obligate intracellular bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted by chigger mites. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of scrub typhus among adults in Odisha, an eastern state of India. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse 1840 serum samples from five districts (Khordha, Cuttack, Ganjam, Malkangiri and Sundargarh) of Odisha collected during 2020-2021. Both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies against scrub typhus were tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Point estimates of the 95% confidence interval and adjusted odds ratio were calculated. RESULTS Of 1840 participants, the prevalence of IgG positivity was 1034 (56.19%) and that of IgM was 523 (28.42%). The majority of participants were in the 18-45 y age group (53.7%). Cuttack had the highest IgG positivity (64.54%) and Malkangiri had the lowest (29.32%). The highest and lowest positivity for IgM were found in Malkangiri (40.84%) and Cuttack (25.30%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS With an increasing number of infections detected in the state, scrub typhus is emerging as a public health threat. Increasing awareness among the general public and healthcare professionals through health education campaigns regarding scrub typhus is essential. Early detection of the disease through the establishment of a laboratory surveillance system is required to control the transmission of scrub typhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Annalisha Peter
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Ira Praharaj
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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Bhattacharya H, Parai D, Sahoo SK, Swain A, Pattnaik M, Mohapatra I, Choudhary H, Dash GC, Akhtar N, Kshatri JS, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Hepatitis B virus infection among the tribal and particularly vulnerable tribal population from an eastern state of India: Findings from the serosurvey in seven tribal dominated districts, 2021-2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1039696. [PMID: 36950163 PMCID: PMC10025534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1039696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis (2016-2021) endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2016, called for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Odisha, an eastern state of India, has the third-highest percentage of tribal population in the country and limited information is available regarding the prevalence of HBsAg among them. The present study was undertaken to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen as well as HBV DNA almost after 12 years of the first prevalence study of HBsAg among the tribal community of Odisha. The present study attempted to estimate the prevalence of HBsAg among the 35 Scheduled tribal (ST) communities and 5 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) using the 2,737 number of sera collected as part of a statewide COVID-19 serosurvey, among the tribal populations of Odisha (residing in 7 districts) aged 6-75 years. HBsAg positivity ranged between 1.79 and 2.94% across various age groups. 42.9% of HBsAg positive individuals showed the presence of HBV DNA and the high viral load was 0.10 × 102-6.84 × 108 IU/mL, indicating a high potential to transmit the virus. The HBsAg positivity was 14.18 and 6.06% among the PVTGs, Kutia Khond and Paudi Bhuyan, who were first time surveyed for HBsAg prevalence. The present study documents the prevalence of HBsAg among the major tribal population residing in the eastern state of the country and highlights the need for a statewide survey of Hepatitis B infection and risk factors, coverage and impact of the Hepatitis B vaccination program introduced in 2010-2011 in Odisha among the ST and PVTG population of the state.
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Rahi M, Yadav CP, Ahmad SS, Das P, Sharma S, Baharia RK, Bhattacharya D, Deshmukh P, Dhatrak A, Dogra S, Eapen A, Goel P, Faizi N, Khan SA, Kochar SK, Kochar A, Kumar A, Mundra A, Narang R, Narain K, Pandey K, Pati S, Raghav P, Ranjha R, Shah S, Singh K, Singh PK, Singh RK, Kuttiatt VS, Soni R, Sreehari U, Malhotra S, Sharma A. Vaccination coverage and breakthrough infections of COVID-19 during the second wave among staff of selected medical institutions in India. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0000946. [PMID: 37027349 PMCID: PMC10081792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
India experienced the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection from April 3 to June 10, 2021. During the second wave, Delta variant B.1617.2 emerged as the predominant strain, spiking cases from 12.5 million to 29.3 million (cumulative) by the end of the surge in India. Vaccines against COVID-19 are a potent tool to control and end the pandemic in addition to other control measures. India rolled out its vaccination programme on January 16, 2021, initially with two vaccines that were given emergency authorization-Covaxin (BBV152) and Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19). Vaccination was initially started for the elderly (60+) and front-line workers and then gradually opened to different age groups. The second wave hit when vaccination was picking up pace in India. There were instances of vaccinated people (fully and partially) getting infected, and reinfections were also reported. We undertook a survey of staff (front line health care workers and supporting) of 15 medical colleges and research institutes across India to assess the vaccination coverage, incidence of breakthrough infections, and reinfections among them from June 2 to July 10, 2021. A total of 1876 staff participated, and 1484 forms were selected for analysis after removing duplicates and erroneous entries (n = 392). We found that among the respondents at the time of response, 17.6% were unvaccinated, 19.8% were partially vaccinated (received the first dose), and 62.5% were fully vaccinated (received both doses). Incidence of breakthrough infections was 8.7% among the 801 individuals (70/801) tested at least 14 days after the 2nd dose of vaccine. Eight participants reported reinfection in the overall infected group and reinfection incidence rate was 5.1%. Out of (N = 349) infected individuals 243 (69.6%) were unvaccinated and 106 (30.3%) were vaccinated. Our findings reveal the protective effect of vaccination and its role as an essential tool in the struggle against this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Rahi
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chander Prakash Yadav
- ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sundus Shafat Ahmad
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Payal Das
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Baharia
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pradeep Deshmukh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharshtra, India
| | - Amey Dhatrak
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep Dogra
- Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Alex Eapen
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Goel
- Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Mewat, Haryana, India
| | - Nafis Faizi
- Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Siraj A Khan
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | | | - Aditya Kochar
- Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Anuj Mundra
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Narang
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Pankaja Raghav
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ritesh Ranjha
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Salman Shah
- Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyoosh Kumar Singh
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Uragayala Sreehari
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Malhotra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- New Delhi and its Field Units (FUs), ICMR- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Parai D, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Swain A, Peter A, Samanta LJ, Pradhan R, Choudhary HR, Nahak KC, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Seroprevalence of human brucellosis among the tribal and non-tribal population residing in an eastern state of India: Findings from the state-wide serosurvey. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1070276. [PMID: 36519171 PMCID: PMC9742238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1070276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease found predominantly in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing significant public health concern in India. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of human brucellosis in Odisha, India among community members involved in animal husbandry as a common practice. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 817 adult participants from 11 districts in Odisha. Four districts from the Northern division, four districts from the Central division, and three districts from the Southern division were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected during a COVID-19 serosurvey in Odisha conducted from 1st to 17th September 2021. Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies were measured against Brucella using a commercial ELISA kit. Point estimates at 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted odds ratio were calculated. RESULTS The overall prevalence of anti-Brucella IgG antibodies was calculated at 16.65% (95% CI: 14.19-19.42). The highest seropositivity was found in Sambalpur district (29.73%; 95% CI: 16.43-47.16) and the lowest was determined in Mayurbhanj district (4.44%; 95% CI: 0.99-15.60). Compared to males, females were more prone to contracting the disease (AOR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05-1.67). Participants from rural settings had higher prevalence of anti-Brucella IgG antibodies than urban dwellers (AOR: 4.53; 95% CI: 1.73-11.86). CONCLUSION This study revealed that human brucellosis was associated with sociodemographic factors like gender, living settings, and household numbers. To prevent brucellosis, screening should be initiated, infected humans should be treated early, and the public should be educated about risk factors and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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Adhikari T, Aggarwal S, Nair S, Joshi A, Diwan V, Stephen A, Devi KR, Kumar Mishra B, Yadav GK, Bangar SD, Sahu D, Yadav J, Ovung S, Gulati BK, Sharma S, Singh C, Duggal C, Sharma M, Ujagare D, Padmakar Chinchore S, Rebecca PB, Rani S, Selvaraj P, Xavier GG, Peter V, Watson B, Kannan T, Asmathulla KSM, Bhattacharya D, Turuk J, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Kumar Behera A, Pandey AK, Zaman K, Misra BR, Kumar N, Behera SP, Singh R, Narain K, Kant R, Sahay S, Tiwari RR, Thomas BE, Rao MVV. Factors associated with COVID-19 stigma during the onset of the global pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992046. [PMID: 36311615 PMCID: PMC9615248 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess factors associated with COVID-19 stigmatizing attitudes in the community and stigma experiences of COVID-19 recovered individuals during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 districts located in 7 States in India during September 2020 to January 2021 among adults > 18 years of age selected through systematic random sampling. Data on socio demographic and COVID-19 knowledge were collected from 303 COVID-19 recovered and 1,976 non-COVID-19 infected individuals from community using a survey questionnaire. Stigma was assessed using COVID-19 Stigma Scale and Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale developed for the study. Informed consent was sought from the participants. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results Half of the participants (51.3%) from the community reported prevalence of severe stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 infected while 38.6% of COVID-19 recovered participants reported experiencing severe stigma. Participants from the community were more likely to report stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 infected if they were residents of high prevalent COVID-19 zone (AOR: 1.5; CI: 1.2-1.9), staying in rural areas (AOR: 1.5; CI:1.1-1.9), belonged to the age group of 18-30 years (AOR: 1.6; CI 1.2-2.0), were male (AOR: 1.6; CI: 1.3-1.9), illiterate (AOR: 2.7; CI: 1.8-4.2), or living in Maharashtra (AOR: 7.4; CI: 4.8-11.3). COVID-19 recovered participants had higher odds of experiencing stigma if they had poor knowledge about COVID-19 transmission (AOR: 2.8; CI: 1.3-6.3), were staying for 6-15 years (AOR: 3.24; CI: 1.1-9.4) in the current place of residence or belonged to Delhi (AOR: 5.3; CI: 1.04-26.7). Conclusion Findings indicated presence of stigmatizing attitudes in the community as well as experienced stigma among COVID-19 recovered across selected study sites in India during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Study recommends timely dissemination of factual information to populations vulnerable to misinformation and psychosocial interventions for individuals affected by stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulsi Adhikari
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases (ECD), Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Saritha Nair
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Saritha Nair
| | - Aparna Joshi
- School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A. Stephen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Rekha Devi
- Enteric Disease Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Mishra
- Medical Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sampada Dipak Bangar
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Damodar Sahu
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeetendra Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Senthanro Ovung
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Saurabh Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Charan Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetna Duggal
- School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moina Sharma
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dhammasagar Ujagare
- Division of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Padmakar Chinchore
- Division of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pricilla B. Rebecca
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Rani
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep Selvaraj
- Office of District Non-Communicable Disease, Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vanessa Peter
- Information and Resource Center for the Deprived Urban Communities, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basilea Watson
- Electronic Data Processing Unit (EDP), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Kannan
- Epidemiology Statistics Unit, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Behera
- Clinical Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Kamran Zaman
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brij Ranjan Misra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajeev Singh
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Rajni Kant
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India,Research Management, Policy, Planning and Coordination Cell, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sahay
- Division of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajnarayan R. Tiwari
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Beena Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Whitehead MT, Barkovich MJ, Sidpra J, Alves CA, Mirsky DM, Öztekin Ö, Bhattacharya D, Lucato LT, Sudhakar S, Taranath A, Andronikou S, Prabhu SP, Aldinger KA, Haldipur P, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ, Boltshauser E, Dobyns WB, Mankad K. Refining the Neuroimaging Definition of the Dandy-Walker Phenotype. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1488-1493. [PMID: 36137655 PMCID: PMC9575531 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The traditionally described Dandy-Walker malformation comprises a range of cerebellar and posterior fossa abnormalities with variable clinical severity. We aimed to establish updated imaging criteria for Dandy-Walker malformation on the basis of cerebellar development. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multicenter study, retrospective MR imaging examinations from fetuses and children previously diagnosed with Dandy-Walker malformation or vermian hypoplasia were re-evaluated, using the choroid plexus/tela choroidea location and the fastigial recess shape to differentiate Dandy-Walker malformation from vermian hypoplasia. Multiple additional measures of the posterior fossa and cerebellum were also obtained and compared between Dandy-Walker malformation and other diagnoses. RESULTS Four hundred forty-six examinations were analyzed (174 fetal and 272 postnatal). The most common diagnoses were Dandy-Walker malformation (78%), vermian hypoplasia (14%), vermian hypoplasia with Blake pouch cyst (9%), and Blake pouch cyst (4%). Most measures were significant differentiators of Dandy-Walker malformation from non-Dandy-Walker malformation both pre- and postnatally (P < .01); the tegmentovermian and fastigial recess angles were the most significant quantitative measures. Posterior fossa perimeter and vascular injury evidence were not significant differentiators pre- or postnatally (P > .3). The superior posterior fossa angle, torcular location, and vermian height differentiated groups postnatally (P < .01), but not prenatally (P > .07). CONCLUSIONS As confirmed by objective measures, the modern Dandy-Walker malformation phenotype is best defined by inferior predominant vermian hypoplasia, an enlarged tegmentovermian angle, inferolateral displacement of the tela choroidea/choroid plexus, an obtuse fastigial recess, and an unpaired caudal lobule. Posterior fossa size and torcular location should be eliminated from the diagnostic criteria. This refined phenotype may help guide future study of the numerous etiologies and varied clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Whitehead
- From the Department of Radiology (M.T.W.)
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute (M.T.W.), Children's National Hospital, Washington DC
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences (M.T.W.), Washington DC
- Division of Neuroradiology (M.T.W., C.A.A., S.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.T.W., S.A), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M J Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.J.B., A.J.B.) University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Neuroradiology Section (M.J.B., A.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco-Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - J Sidpra
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C A Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology (M.T.W., C.A.A., S.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology (D.M.M.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ö Öztekin
- Department of Neuroradiology (Ö.Ö.), Bakırçay University, Çiğli Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.B.), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - L T Lucato
- Division of Diagnostic Neuroradiology (L.T.L.), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Sudhakar
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Taranath
- Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine (A.T.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Andronikou
- Division of Neuroradiology (M.T.W., C.A.A., S.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.T.W., S.A), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - S P Prabhu
- Department of Neuroradiology (S.P.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - K A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - P Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - K J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington School of Medicine (K.J.M.), Seattle, Washington
| | - A J Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.J.B., A.J.B.) University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Neuroradiology Section (M.J.B., A.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco-Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - E Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.B.), University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W B Dobyns
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism (W.B.D.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - K Mankad
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Dubey S, Sahoo KC, Dash GC, Sahay MR, Mahapatra P, Bhattacharya D, del Barrio MO, Pati S. Housing-related challenges during COVID-19 pandemic among urban poor in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and gap analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1029394. [PMID: 36211702 PMCID: PMC9540216 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1029394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The abysmal health of the urban poor or slum dwellers was attributed to structural inequities such as inadequate housing, water, and sanitation. This review aimed to assess housing-related opportunities and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic among urban poor in low-and middle-income countries. For study identification, a comprehensive search was performed in 11 databases that yielded 22 potential studies. The inadequate housing infrastructure makes the lives of the urban poor more precarious during COVID-19. Typically, the houses lacked lighting, ventilation, and overcrowding. This review reflected that it is crucial to reimagine housing policy for the urban poor with an emphasis on pandemic/epidemic guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Dubey
- Health Technology Assessment in India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Health Technology Assessment in India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mili Roopchand Sahay
- Health Technology Assessment in India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pranab Mahapatra
- Health Technology Assessment in India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Health Technology Assessment in India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mariam Otmani del Barrio
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Health Technology Assessment in India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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Sahoo KC, Dubey S, Dash GC, Sahoo RK, Sahay MR, Negi S, Mahapatra P, Bhattacharya D, Sahoo B, Pani SP, del Barrio MO, Pati S. A Systematic Review of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Urban Poor in Low- and Middle-Income Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic through a Gendered Lens. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191911845. [PMID: 36231147 PMCID: PMC9565771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) among urban poor women is a major urban policy concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There was a paucity of systematic information on WASH among the urban poor during the pandemic. We reviewed the opportunities and challenges faced by the urban poor in LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the PRISMA guidelines to conduct a comprehensive search of 11 databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL, between November 2019 and August 2021. We used thematic analysis to synthesize the qualitative data and meta-analyses to estimate the pooled prevalence. We screened 5008 records, conducted a full-text review of 153 studies, and included 38 studies. The pooled prevalence of shared water points was 0.71 (95% CI 0.37-0.97), non-adherence to hygiene practices was 0.15 (95% CI 0.08-0.24), non-adherence to face masks was 0.27 (95% CI 0.0-0.81), and access to shared community toilets was 0.59 (95% CI 0.11-1.00). Insufficient facilities caused crowding and long waiting times at shared facilities, making physical distancing challenging. Women reported difficulty in maintaining privacy for sanitation, as men were present due to the stay-at-home rule. Due to unaffordability, women reported using cloth instead of sanitary pads and scarves instead of masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Shubhankar Dubey
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Mili Roopchand Sahay
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Sapna Negi
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Pranab Mahapatra
- Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Banamber Sahoo
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Subhada Prasad Pani
- Department of Research and Development, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Puducherry 605007, India
| | - Mariam Otmani del Barrio
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
- Correspondence:
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Kshatri JS, Giri S, Bhattacharya D, Palo SK, Praharaj I, Kanungo S, Turuk J, Ghosal J, Bhoi T, Pattnaik M, Singh H, Panda S, Pati S. Analysis of the COVID-19 testing parameters and progression of the pandemic at the district level: findings from the ICMR Hundred Million Test (HMT) database during the first wave in India. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:497-505. [PMID: 35752375 PMCID: PMC9217685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND India had the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases globally. We evaluated the progression of the pandemic across the lockdowns and phased reopenings at the district level during the first wave (in India). METHODS For the analysis in this study, we used more than 100 million COVID-19 test results along with other parameters available in the Indian Council of Medical Research database from March 2020 to October 2020. The districts were stratified as high, moderate, and low caseload districts and data analysis was done for each phase of lockdown. FINDINGS Of the 110.5 million tests included in the analysis, 54.79 million tests were performed using molecular methods, 53.58 million by rapid antigen tests, and 2.13 million using the indigenous TruNat platform. The proportion of positive cases among symptomatic individuals (22.6%) was significantly higher than asymptomatic individuals (8.6%). The tests conducted and proportions of positivity were significantly higher in high caseload districts; 58% of these tests were conducted using molecular methods as opposed to only one-third in low caseload districts. INTERPRETATION Laboratory parameters, along with other demographic information, can help us better understand the spread of the pandemic in a country. This information can be crucial to formulating and implementing public health policies in future waves of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Ira Praharaj
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Jyoti Ghosal
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Trilochan Bhoi
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,Corresponding author: Sanghamitra Pati, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India. Telephone: +91-674-2301322
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35
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Parai D, Choudhary HR, Dash GC, Behera S, Mishra N, Pattnaik D, Raghav SK, Mishra SK, Sahoo SK, Swain A, Mohapatra I, Pattnaik M, Moharana A, Jena SR, Praharaj I, Subhadra S, Kanungo S, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Dynamicity and persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibody response after double dose and the third dose with BBV-152 and AZD1222 vaccines: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:942659. [PMID: 36016787 PMCID: PMC9396971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.942659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionVaccines are available worldwide to combat coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). However, the long-term kinetics of the vaccine-induced antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have not been sufficiently evaluated. This study was performed to investigate the persistence and dynamicity of BBV-152 (Covaxin)- and AZD1222 (Covishield)-induced immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies over the year and neutralizing antibodies’ status after 1-month of booster dose.Materials and methodsThis 52-week longitudinal cohort study documented antibody persistence and neutralizing antibodies status among 304 healthcare workers (HCWs) from six hospitals and research facilities in Odisha, enrolled during January 2021 and continued till March 2022. IgG antibodies against spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 were quantified in an automated chemiluminescence immune assay-based (CLIA) platform and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsAmong these 304 HCWs vaccinated with double doses, 154 HCWs (50.66%) were Covaxin recipients and the remaining 150 (49.34%) were Covishield recipients. During the follow-ups for seven times, a total of 114 participants were identified as vaccine breakthrough cases. In 190 non-infected HCWs, the median antibody titer was significantly waned from DD2 to DD10, both for Covaxin (231.8 vs. 42.7 AU/ml) and Covishield (1,884.6 vs. 369.2 AU/ml). No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups. The median inhibition activity of sVNT increased from 23.8 to 91.3% for Covaxin booster recipients and from 41.2 to 96.0% for Covishield booster recipients. Among 146 booster dose recipients, 48 were breakthrough cases after booster and all were contracted by the omicron variant.ConclusionThis year-long follow-up study found a 7- and 5-fold antibody waning in Covaxin and Covishield recipients, respectively, without any breakthrough infection history. However, individuals with booster breakthrough had mild symptoms and did not require hospital admission. The data also indicate the possible escape of omicron variants despite the presence of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Susmita Behera
- Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dipti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sanjeeb Kumar Mishra
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aparajita Swain
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ira Mohapatra
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aparnamayee Moharana
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandhya Rani Jena
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ira Praharaj
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subhra Subhadra
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Debdutta Bhattacharya,
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- *Correspondence: Sanghamitra Pati,
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Mahapatra A, Palo SK, Bhattacharya D, Kanungo S, Kshatri JS, Mishra BK, Mansingh A, Parai D, Pattnaik M, Choudhary HR, Dash GC, Mohanta AR, Bishoyee A, Mohanty P, Mandal N, Dayal R, Mitra A, Pati S. Trend in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (IgG antibody) among tribal-dominated population: Findings from Jharkhand, India. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156:228-239. [PMID: 36629182 PMCID: PMC10057356 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3040_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Serosurvey of COVID-19 provides a better estimation of people who have developed antibodies against the infection. Undertaking such a serosurvey in certain districts of India which are densely populated with prominent tribes can provide valuable information regarding seropravelance of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among such indigenous populations. In this context, two rounds of population-based, cross-sectional serosurveys for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody were carried out in Jharkhand, a tribal-dominated State of India, to compare the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to determine the associated demographic risk factors. Methods The surveys were carried out in June 2020 and February 2021 in ten districts of the State of Jharkhand. Blood samples were collected from the residents of the selected districts by random sampling and tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using an automated chemiluminescence immunoassay platform. A total of 4761 and 3855 eligible participants were included in round 1 and round 2, respectively. Results The age- and gender-standardized seroprevalence for COVID-19 during round 1 was 0.54 per cent (0.36-0.80) that increased to 41.69 per cent (40.16-43.22) during round 2 with a gap of eight months in between. The seropositivity among male and female participants was 0.73 and 0.45 per cent, respectively, during the first round and 51.35 and 33.70 per cent, respectively, during the second round. During the first round, 17.37 per cent of the participants were tribal with seropositivity of 0.24 per cent (0.02-0.87), and during the second round, 21.14 per cent were tribal with seropositivity of 39.14 per cent (35.77-42.59). Compared to tribal group, non-tribal participants had an adjusted odds of 1.24 (95% confidence interval=1.04-1.48) for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Interpretation & conclusions COVID-19 seroprevalence was found to be low during the first round (0.54%) of the survey, possibly due to the travel restrictions during lockdown better adherence to social distancing and wearing of face masks among the people. Understanding the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the susceptibility to infection at the individual as well as community level will inform decision and help policy makers to design and implement effective public health strategies to mitigate the pandemic in this State.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Asit Mansingh
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Anjan Bishoyee
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Rakesh Dayal
- Department of State TB Training and Demonstration Centre, National Health Mission, Government of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anindya Mitra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Kshatri JS, Bhattacharya D, Giri S, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Mansingh A, Parai D, Dany SS, Bisoyee A, Choudhary HR, Sinha A, Sahoo RK, Bhoi T, Mohanta AR, Ota AB, Mohanty B, Sahoo UK, Pati S. Serological survey for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among tribal communities of Odisha post-second wave. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156:284-290. [PMID: 36629188 PMCID: PMC10057376 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3428_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Serial national level serosurveys in India have provided valuable information regarding the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in the general population, but the impact of the ongoing pandemic on the tribal population in India is not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in the tribal population of Odisha post-second wave (September 2021). Methods A population-based, age-stratified, cross-sectional study design was adopted for the survey, carried out in seven tribal districts of Odisha from 30th August to 16th September 2021. A multistage random sampling method was used where serum samples were tested for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein in each district, and a weighted seroprevalence with 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) was estimated for each district. Results A total of 2855 study participants were included from the seven tribal districts of Odisha in the final analysis. The overall weighted seroprevalence was 72.8 per cent (95% CI: 70.1-75.3). Serological prevalence was the highest among 18-44 yr (74.4%, 95% CI: 71.3-77.3) and from Sambalpur district [75.90% (66.90-83.10)]. Among participants, 41.93 per cent had received at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine. Kandhamal district had the highest number of fully immunized participants (24.78%), and in Sundergarh district, most of the study participants (58.1%) were unimmunized. Interpretation & conclusions This study found high seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in the tribal population of Odisha. The vaccination coverage is at par with the general population, and efforts to address some knowledge gaps may be needed to improve the coverage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subha Soumya Dany
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anjan Bisoyee
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Abhinav Sinha
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Trilochan Bhoi
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amiya Ranjan Mohanta
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Akhila Bihari Ota
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bigyanananda Mohanty
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Sahoo
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Palo SK, Dubey S, Negi S, Sahay MR, Patel K, Swain S, Mishra BK, Bhuyan D, Kanungo S, Som M, Merta BR, Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Pati S. Effective interventions to ensure MCH (Maternal and Child Health) services during pandemic related health emergencies (Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19): A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268106. [PMID: 35536838 PMCID: PMC9089853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ensuring accessible and quality health care for women and children is an existing challenge, which is further exacerbated during pandemics. There is a knowledge gap about the effect of pandemics on maternal, newborn, and child well-being. This systematic review was conducted to study maternal and child health (MCH) services utilization during pandemics (Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19) and the effectiveness of various interventions undertaken for ensuring utilization of MCH services. METHODOLOGY A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Of 5643 citations, 60 potential studies were finally included for analysis. The included studies were appraised using JBI Critical appraisal tools. Study selection and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate. Findings are presented narratively based on the RMNCHA framework by World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS Maternal and child health services such as antenatal care (ANC) visits, institutional deliveries, immunization uptake, were greatly affected during a pandemic situation. Innovative approaches in form of health care services through virtual consultation, patient triaging, developing dedicated COVID maternity centers and maternity schools were implemented in different places for ensuring continuity of MCH care during pandemics. None of the studies reported the effectiveness of these interventions during pandemic-related health emergencies. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that during pandemics, MCH care utilization often gets affected. Many innovative interventions were adopted to ensure MCH services. However, they lack evidence about their effectiveness. It is critically important to implement evidence-based appropriate interventions for better MCH care utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubhankar Dubey
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sapna Negi
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Kripalini Patel
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagatika Swain
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dinesh Bhuyan
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Meena Som
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Kar B, Chandar B, Rachana SS, Bhattacharya H, Bhattacharya D. Antibacterial and genotoxic activity of Bixa orellana, a folk medicine and food supplement against multidrug resistant clinical isolates. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pattnaik M, Kshatri JS, Choudhary HR, Parai D, Shandilya J, Mansingh A, Padhi AK, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Assessment of socio-behavioural correlates and risk perceptions regarding anthrax disease in tribal communities of Odisha, Eastern India. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:53. [PMID: 35031017 PMCID: PMC8760694 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is a baseline survey to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices with regards to the anthrax disease among the communities before demonstrating a One Health approach for elimination of human anthrax in an endemic district of Odisha. A total of 2670 respondents from 112 villages of 14 blocks were interviewed for the study using a structured questionnaire by multi-stage sampling method. Descriptive statistics were reported and logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between the variables and knowledge of anthrax. RESULT Out of 2670 participants in the study, 76.25% were male and about half were illiterate. Most of the respondents (54.19%) were involved in agriculture as an occupation. 71% of the respondents had livestock in their houses and farming was the main purpose for keeping the livestock. Only one-fifth of the respondents (20.26%) knew about anthrax and a majority of them have come across the disease during community outbreaks. Almost 25.9% of livestock owners had knowledge about vaccination against anthrax disease although 83.4% of the livestock owners disposed the animal carcass by burial method. CONCLUSION The study findings indicated that the community members had poor knowledge of cause, symptoms, transmission and prevention of anthrax disease which may be improved by a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Jyoti Shandilya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Arun Kumar Padhi
- Office of the Chief District Medical Officer Koraput, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, Koraput, 764020, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Choudhary HR, Parai D, Chandra Dash G, Kshatri JS, Mishra N, Choudhary PK, Pattnaik D, Panigrahi K, Behera S, Ranjan Sahoo N, Podder S, Mishra A, Raghav SK, Mishra SK, Pradhan SK, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Mondal N, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:778129. [PMID: 35004746 PMCID: PMC8727751 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.778129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated the persistence of the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Odisha who received a complete dose of either Covaxin or Covishield vaccine. Methods: This 24-week longitudinal cohort study was conducted from January to July 2021 with participants from 6 healthcare and research facilities of Odisha to understand the dynamicity of the vaccine-induced IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after the complete dose of vaccines. Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and were tested in two chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA)-based platforms to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) participants were Covishield recipients and the rest 306 (49.8%) participants took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases were recorded and the rest 533 HCWs without any history of postvaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient). The production of vaccine-induced IgG antibodies is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Covishield compared with Covaxin. Covishield recipients produced higher median anti-S IgG titer than Covaxin. No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups. Conclusion: This 6-month follow-up study documents a 2-fold and 4-fold decrease in spike antibody titer among Covishield and Covaxin recipients, respectively. The clinical implications of antibody waning after vaccination are not well understood. It also highlights the need for further data to understand the long-term persistence of vaccine-induced antibody and threshold antibody titer required for protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Dipti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kumudini Panigrahi
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Susmita Behera
- Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati College & Hospital, Berhampur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sanjeeb Kumar Mishra
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nityananda Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
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Mishra BK, Kanungo S, Patel K, Swain S, Dwivedy S, Panda S, Karna S, Bhuyan D, Som M, Merta BR, Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Palo SK, Pati S. Resolution of Resilience: Empirical Findings on the Challenges Faced and the Mitigation Strategies Adopted by Community Health Workers (CHWs) to Provide Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of Odisha, India. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010088. [PMID: 35052251 PMCID: PMC8775981 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Community health workers (CHW) faced increased challenges in delivering maternal and child health services during the current COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to routine services, they were also engaged in pandemic management. In view of a dearth of evidence, the current study explores the challenges faced by CHWs while rendering maternal and child health services. A qualitative study through in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD) in six districts of Odisha was conducted from February to April 2021. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. Personal-level challenges, like lack of family support, stress, and fear of contracting COVID-19; facility-level challenges, like transportation problems and inadequate personal protective measures; and community-level challenges, like stigma, resistance, and lack of community support were major hindrances in provisioning routine MCH services. Prevailing myths and misconceptions concerning COVID-19 were factors behind stigma and resistance. Sharing experiences with family, practicing yoga and pranayam, engaging ambulance bikes, financial assistance to mothers, counseling people, and involving community leaders were some effective strategies to address these challenges. Development and implementation of appropriate strategy guidelines for addressing the challenges of frontline warriors will improve their work performance and achieve uninterrupted MCH services during pandemics or similar health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Kumar Mishra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Kripalini Patel
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Swagatika Swain
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Subhralaxmi Dwivedy
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Subhashree Panda
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Sonam Karna
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Dinesh Bhuyan
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Meena Som
- United Nation Children’s Fund, Surya Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (M.S.); (B.R.M.)
| | - Brajesh Raj Merta
- United Nation Children’s Fund, Surya Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (M.S.); (B.R.M.)
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; (B.K.M.); (S.K.); (K.P.); (S.S.); (S.D.); (S.P.); (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.B.); (J.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (S.P.)
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Bhattacharya D, Kshatri J, Pattnaik M, Badaik G, Choudhary H, Mansingh A, Pati S. Effectiveness of introduction of JEV vaccination into routine immunization program in a tribal district of Odisha. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:1798-1803. [PMID: 35800514 PMCID: PMC9254861 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1335_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A severe outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high case fatality among tribal children was reported from Malkangiri district of Odisha, during September to November 2016 affecting 336 children with 103 deaths. Following the outbreak, a mass vaccination campaign was introduced in Malkangiri district in2017. In 2018, the JE vaccine was introduced into the routine immunization program as per National Immunization Schedule. Our study surveys the JE vaccination coverage among children of Malkangiri and the incidence of JE cases for a period of three years. Methodology: The current study was conducted by establishing prospective and retrospective AES surveillance system and household vaccine coverage surveys in Malkangiri district. In the target population, the vaccination coverage survey was undertaken and also additional immunization coverage data from sub-centers was collected. Results: After 2016 JE outbreak, a mass vaccination campaign was carried out in children up to 15 years of age, where 96% of children were covered in the district in 2017 and only four AES cases were detected. Under routine immunization program, the vaccine coverage for the year 2018 was 68% for JE-1 dose and 37% for JE-2 dose. There were 8 AES cases detected in 2018 out of which four children died. Vaccination coverage for 2019 was 97% for JE-1 dose and 84% for JE-2 dose. The AES cases detected in 2019 was nil. Conclusion: Vaccination against JEV and AES surveillance systems has an important role in prevention and control of AES outbreaks.
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Pati S, Mishra S, Pradhan S, Panda B, Bhattacharya D, Sahu S, Kshatri J. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among vaccinated healthcare workers: Repeated cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:1883-1889. [PMID: 35800533 PMCID: PMC9254811 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1671_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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Nair S, Joshi A, Aggarwal S, Adhikari T, Mahajan N, Diwan V, Stephen A, Devi KR, Mishra BK, Yadav GK, Kohli R, Sahu D, Gulati BK, Sharma S, Yadav J, Ovung S, Duggal C, Sharma M, Bangar SD, Andhalkar R, Rebecca PB, Rani S, Selvaraj P, Xavier GG, Peter V, Watson B, Kannan T, Md Asmathulla KS, Bhattacharya D, Turuk J, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Behera AK, Pandey AK, Zaman K, Misra BR, Kumar N, Behera SP, Singh R, Sarkar AH, Narain K, Kant R, Sahay S, Tiwari RR, Thomas BE, Panda S, Vardhana Rao MV. Development & validation of scales to assess stigma related to COVID-19 in India. Indian J Med Res 2022; 155:156-164. [PMID: 35859441 PMCID: PMC9552373 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2455_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives COVID-19 pandemic has triggered social stigma towards individuals affected and their families. This study describes the process undertaken for the development and validation of scales to assess stigmatizing attitudes and experiences among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 participants from the community. Methods COVID-19 Stigma Scale and Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale constituting 13 and six items, respectively, were developed based on review of literature and news reports, expert committee evaluation and participants' interviews through telephone for a multicentric study in India. For content validity, 61 (30 COVID-19-recovered and 31 non-COVID-19 participants from the community) were recruited. Test-retest reliability of the scales was assessed among 99 participants (41 COVID-19 recovered and 58 non-COVID-19). Participants were administered the scale at two-time points after a gap of 7-12 days. Cronbach's alpha, overall percentage agreement and kappa statistics were used to assess internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results Items in the scales were relevant and comprehensible. Both the scales had Cronbach's α above 0.6 indicating moderate-to-good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability assessed using kappa statistics indicated that for the COVID-19 Stigma Scale, seven items had a moderate agreement (0.4-0.6). For the Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale, four items had a moderate agreement. Interpretation & conclusions Validity and reliability of the two stigma scales indicated that the scales were comprehensible and had moderate internal consistency. These scales could be used to assess COVID-19 stigma and help in the development of appropriate stigma reduction interventions for COVID-19 infected, and mitigation of stigmatizing attitudes in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Nair
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Joshi
- School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Planning and Coordination Cell, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulsi Adhikari
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Nupur Mahajan
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Planning and Coordination Cell, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring & Exposure Assessment (Water & Soil), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A Stephen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Rekha Devi
- Divison of Enteric Disease, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Mishra
- Department of Medical, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Rewa Kohli
- Division of Social & Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Damodar Sahu
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Saurabh Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeetendra Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Senthanro Ovung
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetna Duggal
- School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moina Sharma
- Department of Environmental Health & Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sampada Dipak Bangar
- Division of Epidemiology and Statistics, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rushikesh Andhalkar
- Division of Epidemiology and Statistics, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pricilla B Rebecca
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Rani
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep Selvaraj
- Office of District Non-Communicable Disease, Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Loyala College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gladston G Xavier
- Department of Social Work, Loyala College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanessa Peter
- Informational & Resource Centre for the Deprived Urban Communities, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basilea Watson
- Electronic Data Processing Unit, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Kannan
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K S Md Asmathulla
- Integrated People Development Project Trust, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Behera
- Department of Clinical, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Kamran Zaman
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brij Ranjan Misra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajeev Singh
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abu Hasan Sarkar
- Divison of Enteric Disease, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Rajni Kant
- Research Management, Policy, Planning and Coordination Cell, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi; ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Sahay
- Division of Social & Behavioral Research, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Beena Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Planning and Coordination Cell, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Dash GC, Parai D, Choudhary HR, Peter A, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Kshatri JS, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Mandal N, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in rt-PCR-positive cases: first report from India. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000267. [PMID: 34816087 PMCID: PMC8604180 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody responses remain poorly understood and the clinical utility of serological testing is still unclear. Aim To understand the relationship between the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the demographics and cycle threshold (Ct) values of confirmed RT-PCR patients. Methodology A total of 384 serum samples were collected from individuals between 4–6 weeks after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and tested for the development of immunoglobulin class G (IgG) against SARS-CoV-2. The Ct values, age, gender and symptoms of the patients were correlated with the development of antibodies. Results IgG positivity was found to be 80.2 % (95 % CI, 76.2–84.2). Positivity increased with a decrease in the Ct value, with the highest (87.6 %) positivity observed in individuals with Ct values <20. The mean (±sd) Ct values for IgG positives and negatives were 23.34 (±6.09) and 26.72 (±7.031), respectively. No significant difference was found for demographic characteristics such as age and sex and symptoms and antibody response. The current study is the first of its kind wherein we have assessed the correlation of the RT-PCR Ct with the development of IgG against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion Although Ct values might not have any relation with the development of symptoms, they are associated with the antibody response among SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Annalisha Peter
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Nityananda Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
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Mishra BK, Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Pati S. Re: "Postinfectious Immunity After COVID-19 and Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2" by Krsak et al. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:658. [PMID: 34672807 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Kumar Mishra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, India
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Parai D, Choudhary HR, Dash GC, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Kanungo S, Kshatri JS, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Single-dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 increases antibodies against spike glycoprotein among healthcare workers recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102170. [PMID: 34653614 PMCID: PMC8511548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Dash GC, Subhadra S, Turuk J, Parai D, Rath S, Sabat J, Rout UK, Kanungo S, Choudhary HR, Nanda RR, Pattnaik M, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections among BBV-152 (COVAXIN®) and AZD1222 (COVISHIELD TM ) recipients: Report from the eastern state of India. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1201-1205. [PMID: 34622961 PMCID: PMC8661601 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to record the breakthrough cases reported through passive and voluntary reporting at various healthcare facilities from different districts of Odisha, their clinical presentation, requirement of hospitalization postinfection, and antibody titer against spike antigen. Nasopharyngeal swab and serum samples alongwith demographic, clinical presentation and requirement of hospitalization postinfection were collected from vaccinated individuals through passive and voluntary reporting to various healthcare facilities of Odisha state to detect the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus infection and quantitative estimation of antibody titers. A total of 274 samples were found to be positive after 14 days of receiving complete doses of the vaccines. More than 83.2% of the individuals were found to be symptomatic with 9.9% of those required hospitalization. The seropositivity in individuals receiving Covishield (96.7%) was significantly higher than in Covaxin (77.1%). Hospitalized patients were having less median antibody titers than individuals in home isolation. The median age for breakthrough infection among the referred cases was 47.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 28.0) with a significantly older age group among Covishield recipients. The median spike receptor binding domain IgG titer values for Covaxin and Covishield recipients were 213.5 AU/ml (IQR: 537.5) and 647.5 AU/ml (IQR: 1645.1), respectively. The results reported here highlight the need for systematic data capture for the breakthrough infections to monitor the emergence of any vaccine escape variants and to plan the next steps in the coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) vaccine development by understanding the link between clinical protection and measured immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish C Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhra Subhadra
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sonalika Rath
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyotsnamayee Sabat
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Usha K Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hari R Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rashmi R Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
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Deb D, Bhattacharya D. Unusually High Frequency of Cross-Pollination Between Rice Landraces Shiuli and Kharah with Coincident Flower-Opening Times. CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v121/i1/121-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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