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Pattnaik M, Choudhary HR, Parai D, Shandilya J, Padhi AK, Sahoo N, Ghosal S, Sathpathy S, Panigrahi SK, Sahu SK, Samantaray A, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. One Health intervention for elimination of anthrax in an endemic district of Odisha: A baseline and endline study. One Health 2024; 18:100729. [PMID: 38644971 PMCID: PMC11026835 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study was to compare a baseline and endline survey which were conducted to assess the changes in knowledge, attitude and practices about anthrax disease among the communities after One Health intervention for the elimination of human anthrax in an endemic district of Odisha. Methods A total of 2670 respondents were interviewed during the baseline and 2511 for the endline survey using a structured questionnaire by multi-stage sampling method. Descriptive statistics were used and logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between the variables and knowledge of anthrax. Results Out of the total participants in the study, males were about 76.25% in baseline and 72.08% in endline and about half of the total respondents were illiterate. Majority of the respondents had reported agriculture as their main occupation during both surveys. More than 50% of the respondents had livestock in their houses and farming was the main purpose for keeping them in both surveys. Around 20.26% of respondents knew about anthrax in baseline which raised to 53.64% after One Health intervention. Almost 21.29% of livestock owners had vaccinated their animals against anthrax disease throughout baseline, which increased to 66.5% during the endline survey. Conclusion This study highlights a significant surge in both knowledge and practices related to anthrax within the community after the implementation of intervention packages based on the One Health approach. The outcome of our study signified the importance of One Health interventions to address the health challenges related to zoonotic diseases in tribal communities. The data could be useful for local Governments to incorporate such an approach in their health policy to eliminate human anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Jyoti Shandilya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Arun Kumar Padhi
- Office of the Chief District Medical Officer Koraput, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Shishirendu Ghosal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Sarangdhar Sathpathy
- Office of the Chief District Veterinary Officer Koraput, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Panigrahi
- Office of the Chief District Veterinary Officer Koraput, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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Pattnaik M, Nayak AK, Karna S, Rehman T, Sahoo SK, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Kshatri JS, Parai D, Walia K, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Social and biological evaluation of antimicrobial resistance (SOBEAR) in rural India: a study protocol. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1296382. [PMID: 38362213 PMCID: PMC10867149 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1296382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been one of the biggest global health threats in recent years, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, which requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary research approach. The use of large quantities of antimicrobial drugs inappropriately for humans, poultry and agriculture has been recognized as a leading cause of antibiotic resistance and the predominance of drug-resistance pathogens in the environment. This protocol aims to describe the use/misuse of antibiotics (ABs) in the community and evaluate clinical samples from healthcare settings to detect genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. Methods We will conduct a community-level survey in different villages of the Tigiria block to assess knowledge and awareness on ABs and AMR. We will conduct in-depth interviews (IDIs) with doctors, pharmacists, nurses and drug sellers, as well as focus group discussions (FGDs) with ASHA and ANM workers who are involved in antibiotic supplies to the community. Quantitative data from the community survey and qualitative data of IDIs and FGDs will be linked and analyzed using statistical modeling and iterative thematic content analysis. Specimens (stool, urine, blood and wound/pus) will be collected from clinically diagnosed patients of different healthcare centers of Tigiria block. The samples will be cultured for bacterial isolation and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA will be isolated from positive bacterial cultures and sequenced using PCR to evaluate high-threat multi-drug resistance organisms (MDROs), screening of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, antimicrobial genes responsible for MDR and quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs). Conclusion This is the community-based protocol to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, awareness and practices regarding ABs and AMR. The study protocol establishes a foundation for evaluating population-based prevalence and risk factors for AMR and MDROs in rural areas of the Odisha state, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Nayak
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Sonam Karna
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Tanveer Rehman
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Cuttack, India
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Misra R, Bhattacharya D, Ahmed S, Amin S, Shobha V, Ghosh A, Pandya SC, Parai D, Padhan P, Priyadarshini S, Mohapatra I, Patro ARK, Mohanty AP, Pati S. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases versus family controls: a multi-city cross-sectional survey. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:81-87. [PMID: 37906254 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) who are on immunosuppressive drugs. We did a multicity cross-sectional seroprevalence study conducted in five different cities in India before COVID-19 immunization. Patients with a diagnosis of AIRD and DMARDs were included. Relatives of the patients, preferably staying in the same household with no known rheumatic diseases served as controls. Serum IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein and nucleoprotein (NP) were assayed in eight hundred and eighty nine sera (subjects with disease = 379 and in subjects without disease = 510). IgG antibodies to either RBD and/or NP were positive in 135 (36%) subjects with AIRD as compared to 196 (38%) controls. The seroprevalence of anti-RBD and anti-NP varied between different cities but was not significantly different between subjects with and without disease in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru and Bhubaneswar. However, the occurrence of IgG antibodies to RBD was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in subjects with disease (28/65;43%) as compared to subjects without disease (42/65;65%) in Kolkata, where the positivity rate was lower in connective tissue disease group than in inflammatory arthritis group. Overall, patients with rheumatic diseases on DMARDs have IgG antibodies to RBD and NP of SARSCoV-2 at a comparable level with that of subjects without disease, but the level of antibodies to RBD is lower in patients with connective tissue disease on immunosuppressive drugs in one centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramnath Misra
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Health Research, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sakir Ahmed
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjiv Amin
- Rheumatic Disease Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vineeta Shobha
- St Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alakendu Ghosh
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sapan C Pandya
- Rheumatology Clinic, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Health Research, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanta Padhan
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Subhadra Priyadarshini
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Ipsa Mohapatra
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - A Raj Kumar Patro
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Ambika Prasad Mohanty
- Professor and Head Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Health Research, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Parai D, Pattnaik M, Choudhary HR, Padhi AK, Pattnaik S, Jena S, Sahoo SK, Rout UK, Padhi A, Sahoo N, Biswal S, Padhi SK, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Investigation of human anthrax outbreak in Koraput district of Odisha, India. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 56:102659. [PMID: 37926374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthrax is a zoonotic infection resulting from the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Humans contract cutaneous anthrax by coming into contact, and gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax by consumption of infected animals or animal products. An outbreak investigation was conducted to confirm the occurrence of the anthrax outbreak, comprehend its extent, understand the epidemiological characteristics, identify the outbreak's cause, and propose control measures. METHODS A descriptive epidemiology was carried out for this outbreak investigation. We defined a suspected human cutaneous anthrax case as appearance of skin lesions and symptoms (itching/redness/swelling) and a suspected case of GI anthrax as appearance of diarrhoea/abdominal pain/vomiting in a resident of Koraput district after being associated with slaughtering and/or consumption of carcass during 5th April to 15th May 2023. The etiological hypothesis was formulated using descriptive epidemiological methods. Laboratory confirmation was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 25. RESULTS A total of 47 clinically suspected anthrax cases were identified during the outbreak in five villages of Koraput district in Odisha. The epidemic curve indicated multiple point-source exposures starting from 13th April 2023. About 10 cases were identified by RT-PCR testing as confirmed cases of anthrax. No death was recorded in this outbreak investigation. CONCLUSIONS Based on a thorough examination of epidemiological survey results and laboratory findings, we conclude that the outbreak was of human cutaneous and GI anthrax. Exposures from handling dead animals were associated with cutaneous anthrax, whereas eating uncooked meat of dead sheep was associated with gastrointestinal anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | | | - Swati Pattnaik
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | - Sunita Jena
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Ankita Padhi
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Sangram Biswal
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Soumesh Kumar Padhi
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Kanungo S, Giri S, Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Palo SK, Parai D, Turuk J, Praharaj I, Mansingh A, Dash GC, Choudhary HR, Pattnaik M, Barik SR, Mohanta AR, Swain A, Mohapatra I, Sahoo RK, Mishra RP, Patro SK, Satapathy DM, Pati S. Serosurveys to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among high-risk groups in six urban cities of Odisha, India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2023; 17:1255-1261. [PMID: 37824363 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personnel involved in essential services or residing in high-risk areas during the COVID-19 pandemic are at increased risk of getting infected. We evaluated the proportion of personnel infected in several high-risk groups in Odisha using seroprevalence studies. METHODOLOGY During July to November, 2020, individuals from multiple high-risk groups in 6 urban cities (Bhubaneswar, Berhampur, Cuttack, Malkangiri, Paralakhemundi, and Rourkela) in Odisha, India, were recruited to the study after obtaining written informed consent. Blood samples collected from the study participants were tested for IgG antibodies against COVID-19 in Roche Cobas e441 (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland). Information on socio-demographic variables, association with a confirmed or suspected case, and other details were collected using an electronic data capture tool and analysed with a statistical software. RESULTS The overall COVID-19 seroprevalence was 34.9% (95%CI 33.6-36.2) among the 5434 individuals. The seroprevalence varied from 21.8% (95% CI, 19.6-24.1) in Rourkela to 54.9% (95% CI, 51.5-58.2) in Bhubaneswar. Seropositivity was maximum among prisoners (47.7%), followed by municipality/ sanitation staff (43.5%), and other office going staff (40.8%). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that participants aged 18-29 years, 30-44 years, residents of slums and vending zone, municipality staff, prisoners, residents of urban cities Malkangiri, Cuttack, Paralakhemundi, Bhubaneswar and those with previous history of COVID-19 were independent co-relates of seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS The risk of COVID-19 varied among the high-risk groups of Odisha. Periodic seroprevalence studies in future are essential to protect the high-risk personnel involved in frontline activities during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | - Debaprasad Parai
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Ira Praharaj
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aparajita Swain
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ira Mohapatra
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Sithun Kumar Patro
- Department of Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Durga Madhab Satapathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Akhtar N, Dash GC, Kumawat A, Parai D, Choudhary HR, Mohanta AR, Pattnaik M, Kanungo S, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among school children aged 12-14 years: A cross-sectional study from Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2023; 17:583-587. [PMID: 37279412 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Universal coverage of COVID-19 vaccines is of paramount importance for the prevention and control of the pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 declared vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten global health threats. The study aims to find out the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among school children along with their parent's perspectives. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children (aged 12-14 years) at two schools in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected via web-based links using a semi-structured questionnaire among students and their parents. RESULTS Of 343 children, 79% (271) showed a strong willingness to get vaccinated. Around 91.8% (315) of parents agreed to get their children vaccinated. Fear of side effects (65.2%) was the most common reason for unwillingness. CONCLUSIONS With only 1/5th of the children not willing to get vaccinated, policymakers should create a multi-centric effort for the universal coverage of the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushaba Akhtar
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Archana Kumawat
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
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Pattnaik M, Nayak AK, Karna S, Sahoo SK, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Kshatri JS, Parai D, Walia K, Singh T, Choudhary HR, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Perception and determinants leading to antimicrobial (mis)use: A knowledge, attitude, and practices study in the rural communities of Odisha, India. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1074154. [PMID: 36711396 PMCID: PMC9880167 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1074154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the major public health issues globally. This cross-sectional study determined knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial use and AMR among rural communities of Tigiria (Odisha), India. Methods A semi-structured questionnaire based on socio-demographic characteristics, antibiotics usage, awareness of antimicrobial resistance, healthcare utilization and quality of life were asked to the participants using an electronic device with Open Data Kit. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA were performed to analyze the variables. Results A total of 1,003 participants were surveyed in the study from 25 villages of Tigiria. About 44.47% (95% CI: 41.36-47.60) of study participants have heard about antimicrobial medicines and 14.75% (95% CI: 12.65-17.13) of participants were involved in buying antibiotics without prescription over the counter. Around 20.14% (95% CI: 17.72-22.78) of participants, stopped taking antibiotics before completing the full course. The physical domain was the most affected with low scores compared to other domains of quality of life (QOL). The QOL scores were found significant (p < 0.05) across age, gender, education and ethnicity. Conclusion The study documented a significant level of KAP regarding antimicrobial (mis)use in the study. It is essential that antimicrobial stewardship programs for various stakeholders and educational programmes must be initiated to increase awareness of people on antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Nayak
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sonam Karna
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Taru Singh
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,*Correspondence: Sanghamitra Pati ✉
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,Debdutta Bhattacharya ✉
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8
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Parai D, Pattnaik M, Kshatri JS, Rout UK, Peter A, Nanda RR, Sahoo SK, Mansingh A, Choudhary HR, Dash GC, Praharaj I, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Scrub typhus seroprevalence from an eastern state of India: findings from the state-wide serosurvey. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:22-27. [PMID: 35947959 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scrub typhus is a mite-borne infectious disease caused primarily by the obligate intracellular bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted by chigger mites. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of scrub typhus among adults in Odisha, an eastern state of India. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse 1840 serum samples from five districts (Khordha, Cuttack, Ganjam, Malkangiri and Sundargarh) of Odisha collected during 2020-2021. Both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies against scrub typhus were tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Point estimates of the 95% confidence interval and adjusted odds ratio were calculated. RESULTS Of 1840 participants, the prevalence of IgG positivity was 1034 (56.19%) and that of IgM was 523 (28.42%). The majority of participants were in the 18-45 y age group (53.7%). Cuttack had the highest IgG positivity (64.54%) and Malkangiri had the lowest (29.32%). The highest and lowest positivity for IgM were found in Malkangiri (40.84%) and Cuttack (25.30%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS With an increasing number of infections detected in the state, scrub typhus is emerging as a public health threat. Increasing awareness among the general public and healthcare professionals through health education campaigns regarding scrub typhus is essential. Early detection of the disease through the establishment of a laboratory surveillance system is required to control the transmission of scrub typhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Annalisha Peter
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Ira Praharaj
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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Bhattacharya H, Parai D, Sahoo SK, Swain A, Pattnaik M, Mohapatra I, Choudhary H, Dash GC, Akhtar N, Kshatri JS, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Hepatitis B virus infection among the tribal and particularly vulnerable tribal population from an eastern state of India: Findings from the serosurvey in seven tribal dominated districts, 2021-2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1039696. [PMID: 36950163 PMCID: PMC10025534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1039696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis (2016-2021) endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2016, called for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Odisha, an eastern state of India, has the third-highest percentage of tribal population in the country and limited information is available regarding the prevalence of HBsAg among them. The present study was undertaken to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen as well as HBV DNA almost after 12 years of the first prevalence study of HBsAg among the tribal community of Odisha. The present study attempted to estimate the prevalence of HBsAg among the 35 Scheduled tribal (ST) communities and 5 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) using the 2,737 number of sera collected as part of a statewide COVID-19 serosurvey, among the tribal populations of Odisha (residing in 7 districts) aged 6-75 years. HBsAg positivity ranged between 1.79 and 2.94% across various age groups. 42.9% of HBsAg positive individuals showed the presence of HBV DNA and the high viral load was 0.10 × 102-6.84 × 108 IU/mL, indicating a high potential to transmit the virus. The HBsAg positivity was 14.18 and 6.06% among the PVTGs, Kutia Khond and Paudi Bhuyan, who were first time surveyed for HBsAg prevalence. The present study documents the prevalence of HBsAg among the major tribal population residing in the eastern state of the country and highlights the need for a statewide survey of Hepatitis B infection and risk factors, coverage and impact of the Hepatitis B vaccination program introduced in 2010-2011 in Odisha among the ST and PVTG population of the state.
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Parai D, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Swain A, Peter A, Samanta LJ, Pradhan R, Choudhary HR, Nahak KC, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Seroprevalence of human brucellosis among the tribal and non-tribal population residing in an eastern state of India: Findings from the state-wide serosurvey. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1070276. [PMID: 36519171 PMCID: PMC9742238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1070276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease found predominantly in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing significant public health concern in India. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of human brucellosis in Odisha, India among community members involved in animal husbandry as a common practice. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 817 adult participants from 11 districts in Odisha. Four districts from the Northern division, four districts from the Central division, and three districts from the Southern division were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected during a COVID-19 serosurvey in Odisha conducted from 1st to 17th September 2021. Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies were measured against Brucella using a commercial ELISA kit. Point estimates at 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted odds ratio were calculated. RESULTS The overall prevalence of anti-Brucella IgG antibodies was calculated at 16.65% (95% CI: 14.19-19.42). The highest seropositivity was found in Sambalpur district (29.73%; 95% CI: 16.43-47.16) and the lowest was determined in Mayurbhanj district (4.44%; 95% CI: 0.99-15.60). Compared to males, females were more prone to contracting the disease (AOR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05-1.67). Participants from rural settings had higher prevalence of anti-Brucella IgG antibodies than urban dwellers (AOR: 4.53; 95% CI: 1.73-11.86). CONCLUSION This study revealed that human brucellosis was associated with sociodemographic factors like gender, living settings, and household numbers. To prevent brucellosis, screening should be initiated, infected humans should be treated early, and the public should be educated about risk factors and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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Parai D, Choudhary HR, Dash GC, Behera S, Mishra N, Pattnaik D, Raghav SK, Mishra SK, Sahoo SK, Swain A, Mohapatra I, Pattnaik M, Moharana A, Jena SR, Praharaj I, Subhadra S, Kanungo S, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Dynamicity and persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibody response after double dose and the third dose with BBV-152 and AZD1222 vaccines: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:942659. [PMID: 36016787 PMCID: PMC9396971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.942659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionVaccines are available worldwide to combat coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). However, the long-term kinetics of the vaccine-induced antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have not been sufficiently evaluated. This study was performed to investigate the persistence and dynamicity of BBV-152 (Covaxin)- and AZD1222 (Covishield)-induced immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies over the year and neutralizing antibodies’ status after 1-month of booster dose.Materials and methodsThis 52-week longitudinal cohort study documented antibody persistence and neutralizing antibodies status among 304 healthcare workers (HCWs) from six hospitals and research facilities in Odisha, enrolled during January 2021 and continued till March 2022. IgG antibodies against spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 were quantified in an automated chemiluminescence immune assay-based (CLIA) platform and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsAmong these 304 HCWs vaccinated with double doses, 154 HCWs (50.66%) were Covaxin recipients and the remaining 150 (49.34%) were Covishield recipients. During the follow-ups for seven times, a total of 114 participants were identified as vaccine breakthrough cases. In 190 non-infected HCWs, the median antibody titer was significantly waned from DD2 to DD10, both for Covaxin (231.8 vs. 42.7 AU/ml) and Covishield (1,884.6 vs. 369.2 AU/ml). No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups. The median inhibition activity of sVNT increased from 23.8 to 91.3% for Covaxin booster recipients and from 41.2 to 96.0% for Covishield booster recipients. Among 146 booster dose recipients, 48 were breakthrough cases after booster and all were contracted by the omicron variant.ConclusionThis year-long follow-up study found a 7- and 5-fold antibody waning in Covaxin and Covishield recipients, respectively, without any breakthrough infection history. However, individuals with booster breakthrough had mild symptoms and did not require hospital admission. The data also indicate the possible escape of omicron variants despite the presence of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Susmita Behera
- Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dipti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sanjeeb Kumar Mishra
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aparajita Swain
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ira Mohapatra
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aparnamayee Moharana
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandhya Rani Jena
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ira Praharaj
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subhra Subhadra
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Debdutta Bhattacharya,
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- *Correspondence: Sanghamitra Pati,
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Mahapatra A, Palo SK, Bhattacharya D, Kanungo S, Kshatri JS, Mishra BK, Mansingh A, Parai D, Pattnaik M, Choudhary HR, Dash GC, Mohanta AR, Bishoyee A, Mohanty P, Mandal N, Dayal R, Mitra A, Pati S. Trend in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (IgG antibody) among tribal-dominated population: Findings from Jharkhand, India. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156:228-239. [PMID: 36629182 PMCID: PMC10057356 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3040_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Serosurvey of COVID-19 provides a better estimation of people who have developed antibodies against the infection. Undertaking such a serosurvey in certain districts of India which are densely populated with prominent tribes can provide valuable information regarding seropravelance of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among such indigenous populations. In this context, two rounds of population-based, cross-sectional serosurveys for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody were carried out in Jharkhand, a tribal-dominated State of India, to compare the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to determine the associated demographic risk factors. Methods The surveys were carried out in June 2020 and February 2021 in ten districts of the State of Jharkhand. Blood samples were collected from the residents of the selected districts by random sampling and tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using an automated chemiluminescence immunoassay platform. A total of 4761 and 3855 eligible participants were included in round 1 and round 2, respectively. Results The age- and gender-standardized seroprevalence for COVID-19 during round 1 was 0.54 per cent (0.36-0.80) that increased to 41.69 per cent (40.16-43.22) during round 2 with a gap of eight months in between. The seropositivity among male and female participants was 0.73 and 0.45 per cent, respectively, during the first round and 51.35 and 33.70 per cent, respectively, during the second round. During the first round, 17.37 per cent of the participants were tribal with seropositivity of 0.24 per cent (0.02-0.87), and during the second round, 21.14 per cent were tribal with seropositivity of 39.14 per cent (35.77-42.59). Compared to tribal group, non-tribal participants had an adjusted odds of 1.24 (95% confidence interval=1.04-1.48) for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Interpretation & conclusions COVID-19 seroprevalence was found to be low during the first round (0.54%) of the survey, possibly due to the travel restrictions during lockdown better adherence to social distancing and wearing of face masks among the people. Understanding the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the susceptibility to infection at the individual as well as community level will inform decision and help policy makers to design and implement effective public health strategies to mitigate the pandemic in this State.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Asit Mansingh
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Anjan Bishoyee
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Rakesh Dayal
- Department of State TB Training and Demonstration Centre, National Health Mission, Government of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anindya Mitra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Kshatri JS, Bhattacharya D, Giri S, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Mansingh A, Parai D, Dany SS, Bisoyee A, Choudhary HR, Sinha A, Sahoo RK, Bhoi T, Mohanta AR, Ota AB, Mohanty B, Sahoo UK, Pati S. Serological survey for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among tribal communities of Odisha post-second wave. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156:284-290. [PMID: 36629188 PMCID: PMC10057376 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3428_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Serial national level serosurveys in India have provided valuable information regarding the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in the general population, but the impact of the ongoing pandemic on the tribal population in India is not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in the tribal population of Odisha post-second wave (September 2021). Methods A population-based, age-stratified, cross-sectional study design was adopted for the survey, carried out in seven tribal districts of Odisha from 30th August to 16th September 2021. A multistage random sampling method was used where serum samples were tested for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein in each district, and a weighted seroprevalence with 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) was estimated for each district. Results A total of 2855 study participants were included from the seven tribal districts of Odisha in the final analysis. The overall weighted seroprevalence was 72.8 per cent (95% CI: 70.1-75.3). Serological prevalence was the highest among 18-44 yr (74.4%, 95% CI: 71.3-77.3) and from Sambalpur district [75.90% (66.90-83.10)]. Among participants, 41.93 per cent had received at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine. Kandhamal district had the highest number of fully immunized participants (24.78%), and in Sundergarh district, most of the study participants (58.1%) were unimmunized. Interpretation & conclusions This study found high seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in the tribal population of Odisha. The vaccination coverage is at par with the general population, and efforts to address some knowledge gaps may be needed to improve the coverage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subha Soumya Dany
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anjan Bisoyee
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Abhinav Sinha
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Trilochan Bhoi
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amiya Ranjan Mohanta
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Akhila Bihari Ota
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bigyanananda Mohanty
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Sahoo
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Pattnaik M, Kshatri JS, Choudhary HR, Parai D, Shandilya J, Mansingh A, Padhi AK, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Assessment of socio-behavioural correlates and risk perceptions regarding anthrax disease in tribal communities of Odisha, Eastern India. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:53. [PMID: 35031017 PMCID: PMC8760694 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is a baseline survey to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices with regards to the anthrax disease among the communities before demonstrating a One Health approach for elimination of human anthrax in an endemic district of Odisha. A total of 2670 respondents from 112 villages of 14 blocks were interviewed for the study using a structured questionnaire by multi-stage sampling method. Descriptive statistics were reported and logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between the variables and knowledge of anthrax. RESULT Out of 2670 participants in the study, 76.25% were male and about half were illiterate. Most of the respondents (54.19%) were involved in agriculture as an occupation. 71% of the respondents had livestock in their houses and farming was the main purpose for keeping the livestock. Only one-fifth of the respondents (20.26%) knew about anthrax and a majority of them have come across the disease during community outbreaks. Almost 25.9% of livestock owners had knowledge about vaccination against anthrax disease although 83.4% of the livestock owners disposed the animal carcass by burial method. CONCLUSION The study findings indicated that the community members had poor knowledge of cause, symptoms, transmission and prevention of anthrax disease which may be improved by a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Jyoti Shandilya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Arun Kumar Padhi
- Office of the Chief District Medical Officer Koraput, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, Koraput, 764020, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Choudhary HR, Parai D, Chandra Dash G, Kshatri JS, Mishra N, Choudhary PK, Pattnaik D, Panigrahi K, Behera S, Ranjan Sahoo N, Podder S, Mishra A, Raghav SK, Mishra SK, Pradhan SK, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Mondal N, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:778129. [PMID: 35004746 PMCID: PMC8727751 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.778129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated the persistence of the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Odisha who received a complete dose of either Covaxin or Covishield vaccine. Methods: This 24-week longitudinal cohort study was conducted from January to July 2021 with participants from 6 healthcare and research facilities of Odisha to understand the dynamicity of the vaccine-induced IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after the complete dose of vaccines. Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and were tested in two chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA)-based platforms to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) participants were Covishield recipients and the rest 306 (49.8%) participants took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases were recorded and the rest 533 HCWs without any history of postvaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient). The production of vaccine-induced IgG antibodies is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Covishield compared with Covaxin. Covishield recipients produced higher median anti-S IgG titer than Covaxin. No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups. Conclusion: This 6-month follow-up study documents a 2-fold and 4-fold decrease in spike antibody titer among Covishield and Covaxin recipients, respectively. The clinical implications of antibody waning after vaccination are not well understood. It also highlights the need for further data to understand the long-term persistence of vaccine-induced antibody and threshold antibody titer required for protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Dipti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kumudini Panigrahi
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Susmita Behera
- Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati College & Hospital, Berhampur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sanjeeb Kumar Mishra
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nityananda Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
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Dash GC, Parai D, Choudhary HR, Peter A, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Kshatri JS, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Mandal N, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in rt-PCR-positive cases: first report from India. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000267. [PMID: 34816087 PMCID: PMC8604180 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody responses remain poorly understood and the clinical utility of serological testing is still unclear. Aim To understand the relationship between the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the demographics and cycle threshold (Ct) values of confirmed RT-PCR patients. Methodology A total of 384 serum samples were collected from individuals between 4–6 weeks after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and tested for the development of immunoglobulin class G (IgG) against SARS-CoV-2. The Ct values, age, gender and symptoms of the patients were correlated with the development of antibodies. Results IgG positivity was found to be 80.2 % (95 % CI, 76.2–84.2). Positivity increased with a decrease in the Ct value, with the highest (87.6 %) positivity observed in individuals with Ct values <20. The mean (±sd) Ct values for IgG positives and negatives were 23.34 (±6.09) and 26.72 (±7.031), respectively. No significant difference was found for demographic characteristics such as age and sex and symptoms and antibody response. The current study is the first of its kind wherein we have assessed the correlation of the RT-PCR Ct with the development of IgG against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion Although Ct values might not have any relation with the development of symptoms, they are associated with the antibody response among SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Annalisha Peter
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Nityananda Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
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Parai D, Choudhary HR, Dash GC, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Kanungo S, Kshatri JS, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Single-dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 increases antibodies against spike glycoprotein among healthcare workers recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102170. [PMID: 34653614 PMCID: PMC8511548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Dash GC, Subhadra S, Turuk J, Parai D, Rath S, Sabat J, Rout UK, Kanungo S, Choudhary HR, Nanda RR, Pattnaik M, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections among BBV-152 (COVAXIN®) and AZD1222 (COVISHIELD TM ) recipients: Report from the eastern state of India. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1201-1205. [PMID: 34622961 PMCID: PMC8661601 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to record the breakthrough cases reported through passive and voluntary reporting at various healthcare facilities from different districts of Odisha, their clinical presentation, requirement of hospitalization postinfection, and antibody titer against spike antigen. Nasopharyngeal swab and serum samples alongwith demographic, clinical presentation and requirement of hospitalization postinfection were collected from vaccinated individuals through passive and voluntary reporting to various healthcare facilities of Odisha state to detect the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus infection and quantitative estimation of antibody titers. A total of 274 samples were found to be positive after 14 days of receiving complete doses of the vaccines. More than 83.2% of the individuals were found to be symptomatic with 9.9% of those required hospitalization. The seropositivity in individuals receiving Covishield (96.7%) was significantly higher than in Covaxin (77.1%). Hospitalized patients were having less median antibody titers than individuals in home isolation. The median age for breakthrough infection among the referred cases was 47.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 28.0) with a significantly older age group among Covishield recipients. The median spike receptor binding domain IgG titer values for Covaxin and Covishield recipients were 213.5 AU/ml (IQR: 537.5) and 647.5 AU/ml (IQR: 1645.1), respectively. The results reported here highlight the need for systematic data capture for the breakthrough infections to monitor the emergence of any vaccine escape variants and to plan the next steps in the coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) vaccine development by understanding the link between clinical protection and measured immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish C Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhra Subhadra
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sonalika Rath
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyotsnamayee Sabat
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Usha K Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hari R Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rashmi R Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
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Choudhary HR, Parai D, Dash GC, Peter A, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. IgG antibody response against nucleocapsid and spike protein post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infection 2021; 49:1045-1048. [PMID: 34213733 PMCID: PMC8249824 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic became the greatest public health challenge globally. Study of dynamicity and durability of naturally developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are of great importance from an epidemiological viewpoint. Methods In this observational cohort study, we have followed up the 76 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for 16 weeks (post-enrolment) to record the periodic changes in titre, concentration, clinical growth and persistence of naturally developed SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We collected serum samples from these individuals for 16 weeks with a frequency of weekly and fortnightly during each follow-up and tested them in two CLIA-based platforms (Abbott Architect i1000SR and Roche Cobas e411) for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results We recorded the antibody magnitude of these individuals 10 times between September 2020 and February 2021. We found a waning of antibodies against nucleocapsid antigen protein but not a complete disappearance by the end of 16 weeks. Out of 76 cases, 30 cases (39.47%) became seronegative in qualitative assay, although all the sera samples (100%) remained positive when tested in quantitative assay. Conclusion The lower persistence of anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibody may not be the exact phenomenon as those cases were still seropositive against spike protein and help in neutralising the virus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-021-01651-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Annalisha Peter
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Dash GC, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Parai D, Choudhary HR, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Kshatri JS, Turuk J, Mishra BK, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Pooled testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection in an automated high-throughput platform. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23835. [PMID: 34181279 PMCID: PMC8274989 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection through testing is elementary for the control of COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of large-scale RT-PCR testing has led to a rise in the demand for testing kits whose availability is always a concern. OBJECTIVE To find out the feasibility of pooled testing in a high-throughput platform. METHODOLOGY Pooled testing was conducted in Roche cobas 6800 in 2 methods. Firstly, the simple two-stage testing algorithm was conducted for 1410 samples individually and then as pooled samples. Secondly, we evaluated the sensitivity of cobas 6800 for the detection of a single positive sample within a pool of negative samples. RESULTS Implementing the five-sample Dorfman pooling to test 1410 samples, we identified 42 (2.9%) individual SARS-CoV-2-positive samples and 27 (9.5%) positive pool samples. The pooling strategy precisely identified all the positive samples. All individually negative samples were also accurately determined by pooling. There was 100% sensitivity of detecting positive samples in a pool of negative samples even up to 1:64 dilution. There was a threefold increase in total throughput in one-third of the cost per day. CONCLUSION A high-throughput platform such as Cobas 6800 can effectively increase the testing capacity by twofold to threefold by adopting the pooled testing strategy for successful management of SARS-CoV-2 and helping in the containment of community transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
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Mansingh A, Choudhary HR, Shandilya J, Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Parai D, Pattanaik M, Padhi AK, Jain HK, Mohanty P, Kanungo S, Pati S. A qualitative exploratory study using One Health approach for developing an intervention package for elimination of human anthrax in an endemic district of Odisha, India. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:394-400. [PMID: 33907004 PMCID: PMC8204828 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_646_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease of public health concern in India. One of the key predisposing factors is linked to the behaviour of the community. This study was nested within a baseline survey to understand the risk perception, attitude, socio-cultural and behavioural practices among different communities in an anthrax endemic tribal district of Odisha, India. It was aimed to explore the systemic gaps from the officials of different departments while addressing the animal and human anthrax cases and the knowledge, attitude, and behavioural practices among the tribal communities with regards to both animal and human anthrax signs, symptoms, and transmission from animal to human. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was carried out in the district of Koraput, Odisha. Insights from eight focus group discussions (FGDs) and 42 in-depth-interviews (IDIs) with the stakeholders from health, veterinary, forest, general administrative departments and community were collected and analyzed thematically. Results: Major themes that emerged were inter-departmental coordination, livestock vaccination, surveillance network, laboratory facilities, prevention and control strategies with regards to the animal and human anthrax cases. The study also emphasized setting up the surveillance system as per the standard guidelines, and strengthening the diagnostic facilities for timely detection of confirmed cases. It also highlighted the current needs and the gaps among inter-sectoral coordination, collaboration, and sensitization among Health, Veterinary, Forest, Education, Nutrition, and Tribal Welfare Departments at various levels to reduce the prevalence and control the outbreaks of anthrax in the district and State. Interpretation & conclusions: The coordination gaps, financial burden, insufficient relevant knowledge and information among the concerned stakeholders were the issues found in this study in addition to non-availability of proper diagnostic facility. The coordination among different departments adapting One Health approach may be one of the best possible ways for the elimination of anthrax cases in an endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Mansingh
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyoti Shandilya
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattanaik
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arun Kumar Padhi
- Office of the Chief District Medical Officer, Koraput, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Koraput, Government of Odisha, Odisha, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar Jain
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prasantajyoti Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology and One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Choudhary HR, Parai D, Shandilya J, Mansingh A, Pattnaik M, Mishra K, Padhi SP, Padhi A, Pati S. One Health approach for elimination of human anthrax in a tribal district of Odisha: Study protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251041. [PMID: 34043627 PMCID: PMC8158997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthrax is a major but neglected zoonotic disease of public health concern in India with Odisha contributing a major share to the disease burden. Bacillus anthracis spores can be found naturally in soil and commonly affect both animals and humans around the world. Domestic and wild animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and deer can become infected when they inhale or ingest spores from contaminated soil, plants, or water. Anthrax can be fatal if patients are not treated promptly with antibiotics. This protocol aims to describe the implementation and evaluation of the 'One Health' intervention model based on the principles of Theory of Change (ToC) to eliminate human anthrax from a tribal district in Odisha, India. METHODS This study would test the effectiveness of a complex public health intervention package developed using the ToC framework for the elimination of human anthrax in Koraput district by a comparative analysis of baseline and end-line data. We plan to enroll 2640 adults across 14 geographically divided blocks in Koraput district of Odisha for baseline and end-line surveys. After baseline, we would provide capacity building training to stakeholders from the department of health, veterinary, forest, academic and allied health institutions followed by workshops on sensitization and awareness through IEC (Information Education Communication)/BCC (Behavior Change Communication) activities in the community. We would establish a state-level laboratory facility as a robust system for timely diagnosis and management of human anthrax cases. Surveillance network will be strengthened to track the cases in early stage and risk zoning will be done for focused surveillance in endemic areas. Advocacy with district level administration will be done for maximizing the coverage of livestock vaccination in the entire district. Interdepartmental coordination would be established for the effective implementation of the intervention package. CONCLUSION This would be a first study applying One Health concept for the elimination of human anthrax in India. The findings from this study will offer important insights for policy-making and further replication in other endemic regions of the state and country. TRIAL REGISTRATION The authors confirm that all ongoing and related trials for this intervention are prospectively registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India [CTRI/2020/05/025325] on 22 May 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdutta Bhattacharya
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- * E-mail: (SP); (DB)
| | | | | | - Debaprasad Parai
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyoti Shandilya
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Kaushik Mishra
- Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College & Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | | | - Arun Padhi
- Department of Public Health, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- * E-mail: (SP); (DB)
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Kshatri JS, Bhattacharya D, Praharaj I, Mansingh A, Parai D, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Giri S, Pattnaik M, Barik SR, Dash GC, Choudhary HR, Turuk J, Mandal NN, Pati S. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhubaneswar, India: findings from three rounds of community surveys. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e139. [PMID: 33902776 PMCID: PMC8207548 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to estimate and compare the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence, the fraction of asymptomatic or subclinical infections in the population, determine the demographic risk factors and analyse the antibody development at different time points among adults in Bhubaneswar city, India. This was a serial three-round cross-sectional, community-based study where participants were selected from the residents of Bhubaneswar city using multi-stage random sampling. Blood samples were collected during household visits along with demographic and clinical data from every participant. Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody present in serum was assessed using the electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay platform. Temporal comparisons of the community seroprevalence were performed against the detected number of cumulative cases, active cases, recoveries and deaths. A total of 3693 participants were enrolled in this study with a cumulative non-response rate of 18.33% in all the three rounds. The gender-weighted seroprevalence for the city in the first round was 1.55% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-2.58), second round was 5.27% (95% CI 4.13-6.59) and in the third round was 49.04% (95% CI 46.39-51.68). In the first round, the seroprevalence was found to be highest in the elderly population, whereas the seroprevalence for the second and third phases was highest in the age group of 30-39 years. Seroprevalence showed an increasing trend over the three time periods, with the highest seropositivity rates among individuals sampled between 16 and 18 September 2020. By the third round, 93.93% of those who had previously been tested positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction had seroconversion and 46.57% of those who had been tested negative also showed seroconversion. Infection to case ratio during first round was 27.05, for second round and third round it was 5.62 and 17.91, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Ira Praharaj
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Shakti Ranjan Barik
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Nitya Nanda Mandal
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha751023, India
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Parai D, Dash GC, Choudhary HR, Peter A, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Kshatri JS, Kanungo S, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Diagnostic accuracy comparison of three fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay platforms for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. J Virol Methods 2021; 292:114121. [PMID: 33684402 PMCID: PMC7934617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Serological test is an essential surveillance tool to track down the extensiveness of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and subsequently to move out from the enforced lockdown stage. Objective The study measures the diagnostic accuracy of three popular chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) based automated platforms for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and compares their agreements. Study design Serum samples of 594 COVID-19 positive patients and 100 samples from pre-COVID cases were tested by three CLIA based automated platforms: Abbott architect i2000SR, Roche cobas e411 and Yhlo iFlash 1800 and their diagnostic accuracy were compared by the area under the curves (AUC) value obtained from receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Cohen’s kappa statistic and McNemar’s test were used to interpret the agreement between the platforms. Results All three platforms showed high specificity as claimed by the manufacturer. Sensitivity was calculated as 64.48 % (58.67–70.3) for Abbott, 80.48 % (76.62–84.34) for Roche and 76.94 % (72.65–81.23) for Yhlo. AUC was maximum for Roche (0.929). The Cohen’s kappa value was determined in between 0.69−0.89 as the inter-rater agreements. Conclusion The overall statistical analysis demonstrated cobas e411 as the diagnostically most accurate platform among the three.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Annalisha Peter
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Dash GC, Subhadra S, Turuk J, Parai D, Rout UK, Rath S, Sabat J, Nanda RR, Choudhary HR, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. COVID-19 in children in Odisha state, India: a retrospective review. BMJ Paediatr Open 2021; 5:e001284. [PMID: 34754950 PMCID: PMC8568531 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively analysed the swab samples tested for COVID-19 from 7 March 2020 to 17 August 2021 at the Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. 553 763 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from individuals suspected with COVID-19 in Odisha state. 75 190 (13.6%) samples were positive by reverse transcription-PCR. There were 5988 (8%) cases in children and young people under 18 years old. Odisha reported 996 153 COVID-19 cases which resulted in 6985 deaths in adults and 36 in children and young people under 18 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Subhra Subhadra
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- VRDL, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Sonalika Rath
- VRDL, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Jyotsnamayee Sabat
- VRDL, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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Bhattacharya D, Parai D, Rout UK, Dash P, Nanda RR, Dash GC, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Giri S, Choudhary HR, Kshatri JS, Turuk J, Mishra BK, Lenka RK, Dash S, Pati S. Saliva for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2: First report from India. J Med Virol 2020; 93:2529-2533. [PMID: 33295640 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are very few studies in search of an alternate and convenient diagnostic tool which can substitute nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2. In the study we analyzed, the comparison and agreement between the feasibility of using the saliva in comparison to NPS for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. A total number of 74 patients were enrolled for this study. We analyzed and compared the NPS and saliva specimen collected within 48 h after the symptom onset. We carried out real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, gene sequencing for the detection and determination SARS-CoV-2 specific genes. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to establish the isolation of viral RNA from saliva. We used the Bland-Altman model to identify the agreement between two specimens. This study showed a lower cycle threshold (CT ) mean value for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1 gene (mean, 27.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25.62 to 28.52) in saliva methods than that of NPS (mean 28.24; 95% CI, 26.62 to 29.85) specimen although the difference is statistically nonsignificant (p > .05). Bland-Altman analysis produced relatively smaller bias and high agreement between these two clinical specimens. Phylogenetic analysis with the RdRp and S gene confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva samples. Saliva represented a promising tool in COVID-19 diagnosis and the collection method would reduce the exposure risk of frontline health workers which is one of the major concerns in primary healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Usha K Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pujarini Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rashmi R Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Girish C Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subrata K Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hari R Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaya S Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bijay K Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rajesh K Lenka
- Department of Microbiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Saroj Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, India
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Majumdar D, Das D, Nag S, Bhattacharyya M, Singh DK, Parai D, Bankura K, Mishra D. A rare hetero-bimetallic Zn(II)/Ca(II) Schiff base complex: Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT, molecular docking and unveiling antimicrobial activity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tagirasa R, Rana K, Kaza H, Parai D, Damera S, Basu S. Role of Multidrug Resistance Proteins in Nonresponders to Immunomodulatory Therapy for Noninfectious Uveitis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32821484 PMCID: PMC7401954 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nearly a third to half of patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU) fail to achieve control with immunomodulatory therapy (IMT). Multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins are transmembrane proteins that allow efflux of intracellular drugs, leading to drug resistance. The aim of our study was to compare MDR protein function in blood CD4+ cells between responders and nonresponders to IMT. Methods We included NIU patients on IMT for ≥6 months and corticosteroid dose ≤10 mg/d. Nonresponders to treatment were those with worsening (two or more steps) of inflammation in the past 3 months on full-dose immunosuppressive therapy. MDR function was assessed by Rhodamine-123 dye retention in blood CD4+ cells. Three nonresponders were treated with adjunctive oral cyclosporine A (CSA, MDR inhibitor) therapy for 2 months and reevaluated. Results Fourteen NIU patients were recruited. Most (n = 8) had Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. These included nine nonresponders and five responders to IMT. Nonresponders produced significantly higher MDR function and proinflammatory cytokines (interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 17, and Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)) than responders. In vitro CSA treatment of CD4+ cells inhibited MDR expression and proinflammatory cytokine production while increasing Foxp3. Finally, adjunctive oral CSA therapy led to improvement in clinical inflammatory scores with a concurrent decrease in MDR function and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Conclusions MDR function is significantly higher in CD4+ T cells of nonresponders to IMT. Adjunctive CSA therapy may decrease MDR function and allow improvement in treatment response to IMT. Translational Relevance Our study highlights the need for MDR inhibition strategies in NIU patients not responding to IMT for improving the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Tagirasa
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Khokan Rana
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hrishikesh Kaza
- Retina and Uveitis Services, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Santhoshkumar Damera
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soumyava Basu
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,Retina and Uveitis Services, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
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Dey P, Parai D, Banerjee M, Hossain ST, Mukherjee SK. Naringin sensitizes the antibiofilm effect of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151410. [PMID: 32057619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to explore the combinatorial effect of naringin with antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The antibiofilm efficacy of selected treatment regimes against P. aeruginosa biofilm were quantified by crystal violet assay, MTT assay, Congo red binding assay, and were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All the assays reflected antibiofilm activities, however, combinatorial performances of naringin with antibiotics were found to be more significant. A significant reduction in swimming and swarming motilities along with pellicle formation and altered colony morphology were observed as a result of combinatorial effect. The cytotoxicity of naringin and its antibiotic combinations was assayed on murine macrophage cell line. The applicability of such combinations was tested for their relative eradication against pre-formed biofilm on urinary catheter surface. This finding indicated that naringin potentiates the efficacy of both ciprofloxacin and tetracycline on P. aeruginosa biofilm in comparison to their solo treatment. The finding would help to open hitherto unexplored possibilities of establishing naringin as a potential antibiofilm agent and suggest on the possibility of its use in drug-herb combinations for managing biofilm-associated bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Dey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Malabika Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
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Parai D, Dey P, Mukherjee SK. Antimicrobial Peptides: An Approach to Combat Resilient Infections. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:542-552. [PMID: 31250760 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190620114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was apparent by the end of 1980s that the success against the threats of bacterial pathogens on public health was an illusion, with the rapid development of resistant strains more than the discovery of new drugs. As a consequence, the remedial services were in the backfoot position of being on the losing side of this never-ending evolutionary war. The quest for new antibiotics to overcome resistance problems has long been a top research priority for the researchers and the pharmaceutical industry. However, the resistance problems remain unresolved due to the abrupt misuse of antibiotics by common people, which has immensely worsened the scenario by disseminating antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains around the world. OBJECTIVE Thus, immediate action is needed to measure emerging and re-emerging microbial diseases having new resistance mechanisms and to manage their rapid spread among the common public by means of novel alternative metabolites. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are short, cationic peptides evolved in a wide range of living organisms and serve as the essential part of the host innate immunity. For humans, these effector molecules either can directly kill the foreign microbes or modulate the host immune systems so that the human body could develop some resistance against the microbial infections. In this review, we discuss their history, structural classifications, modes of action, and explain their biological roles as anti-infective agents. We also scrutinize their clinical potentiality, current limitations in various developmental stages and strategies to overcome for their successful clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Pia Dey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Samir K Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
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Parai D, Banerjee M, Dey P, Mukherjee SK. Reserpine attenuates biofilm formation and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103790. [PMID: 31605761 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of reserpine, the main bioactive compound of Rauwolfia serpentina, on biofilm formation and biofilm-associated virulence factors production in a Gram-positive pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus. Crystal violet assay, MTT assay, Congo red binding, CLSM studies were performed to assess the antibiofilm activity. Molecular docking was performed to explain the possible mode of action, catheter model was used to evaluate its application potential and the combinatorial study was performed in search of an improved therapeutic formulation. Reserpine affected biofilm formation, EPS production, biofilm cell viability and virulence factor production. It could eradicate 72.7% biofilm at ½ × MIC dose and could also stop the metabolic activity of 50.6% bacterial cells in a biofilm. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm- and virulence-regulatory proteins like AgrA, AtlE, Bap, IcaA, SarA and SasG were found to interact with reserpine which might lead to the attenuation of its pathogenicity. Reserpine along with other commercial antibiotics could generate a hightened antibiofilm response, and also eradicated a good percentage of bacterial biofilm from a urinary catheter model. These findings suggested reserpine as a good alternative entity to generate new improved therapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Malabika Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Pia Dey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
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Parai D, Banerjee M, Dey P, Chakraborty A, Islam E, Mukherjee SK. Effect of reserpine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing mediated virulence factors and biofilm formation. Biofouling 2018; 34:320-334. [PMID: 29482361 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1437910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reserpine, a plant-derived indole-alkaloid, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms. The anti-biofilm activity of reserpine was evaluated by crystal violet staining, MTT assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Reserpine effects were also assessed by qRT-PCR of quorum sensing (QS)-regulated genes and biochemical quantification of the QS-mediated virulence factors pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, proteases and elastases. Reserpine reduced biofilm formation, cell motility, virulence factor production, and QS-controlled gene expression. Additionally, molecular docking analysis for AHL synthase LasI and QS transcriptional regulators LasR/MvfR revealed a plausible molecular mechanisms of reserpine QS inhibition. These findings provide insights into the underlying mode of action of reserpine, which may be useful in the development of new drugs against biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | - Malabika Banerjee
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | - Pia Dey
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | | | - Ekramul Islam
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
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Banerjee M, Parai D, Dhar P, Roy M, Barik R, Chattopadhyay S, Mukherjee SK. Andrographolide induces oxidative stress-dependent cell death in unicellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Acta Trop 2017; 176:58-67. [PMID: 28739368 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease in humans and livestock caused by Trypanosoma brucei throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Absence of appropriate vaccines and prevalence of drug resistance proclaim that a new way of therapeutic interventions is essential against African trypanosomiasis. In the present study, we have looked into the effect of andrographolide (andro), a diterpenoid lactone from Andrographis paiculata on Trypanosoma brucei PRA 380. Although andro has been recognized as a promosing anti-cancer drug, its usefulness against Trypanosoma spp remained unexplored. Andro showed promising anti-trypanosomal activity with an IC50 value of 8.3μM assessed through SYBR Green cell viability assay and also showed no cytotoxicity towards normal murine macrophages. Cell cycle analysis revealed that andro could induce sub-G0/G1 phase arrest. Flow cytometric analysis also revealed that incubation with andro caused exposure of phosphatidyl serine to the outer leaflet of plasma membrane in T. brucei PCF. This event was preceded by andro-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δym) and elevation of cytosolic calcium. Andro also caused elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as lipid peroxidation level, and depletion in reduced thiol levels. Taken together, these data indicate that andro has promising antitrypanosomal activity mediated by promoting oxidative stress and depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and thereby triggering an apoptosis-like programmed cell death. Therefore, this study merits further investigation to the therapeutic possibility of using andro for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, WB, India; TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, WB, India
| | - Pranab Dhar
- TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Manab Roy
- TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Rajib Barik
- TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Subrata Chattopadhyay
- TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
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Banerjee M, Moulick S, Bhattacharya KK, Parai D, Chattopadhyay S, Mukherjee SK. Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing, virulence and biofilm formation by extracts of Andrographis paniculata. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:85-93. [PMID: 29042302 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Quorum-sensing (QS) is known to play an essential role in regulation of virulence factors and toxins during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection which may frequently cause antibiotic resistance and hostile outcomes of inflammatory injury. Therefore, it is an urgent need to search for a novel agent with low risk of resistance development that can target QS and inflammatory damage prevention as well. Andrographis paniculata, a herbaceous plant under the family Acanthaceae, native to Asian countries and also cultivated in Scandinavia and some parts of Europe, has a strong traditional usage with its known antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiviral and antioxidant properties. In this study, three different solvent extracts (viz., chloroform, methanol and aqueous) of A. paniculata were examined for their anti-QS and anti-inflammatory activities. Study was carried out to assess the effect on some selected QS-regulatory genes at transcriptional level using Real Time-PCR. In addition, ability to attenuate MAPK pathways upon P. aeruginosa infection was performed to check its potential anti-inflammatory activity. Chloroform and methanol extracts showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the QS-controlled extracellular virulence factors in P. aeruginosa including the expression of pyocyanin, elastase, total protease, rhamnolipid and hemolysin without affecting bacterial viability. They also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced swarming motility and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. The chloroform extract, which was found to be more effective, decreased expression of lasI, lasR, rhlI and rhlR by 61%, 75%, 41%, and 44%, respectively. Moreover, chloroform extract decreased activation of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 expression levels in MAPK signal pathways in P. aeruginosa infected macrophage cells. As the present study demonstrates that A. paniculata extracts inhibit QS in P. aeruginosa and exhibit anti-inflammatory activities, therefore it represents itself as a prospective therapeutic agent against P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, WB, India; TCG Life Sciences Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Soumitra Moulick
- TCG Life Sciences Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Kunal Kumar Bhattacharya
- TCG Life Sciences Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, WB, India
| | - Subrata Chattopadhyay
- TCG Life Sciences Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
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Banerjee M, Parai D, Chattopadhyay S, Mukherjee SK. Andrographolide: antibacterial activity against common bacteria of human health concern and possible mechanism of action. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 62:237-244. [PMID: 28097636 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing bacterial resistance to common drugs is a major public health concern for the treatment of infectious diseases. Certain naturally occurring compounds of plant sources have long been reported to possess potential antimicrobial activity. This study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity and possible mechanism of action of andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone from a traditional medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata. Extent of antibacterial action was assessed by minimal bactericidal concentration method. Radiolabeled N-acetyl glucosamine, leucine, thymidine, and uridine were used to determine the effect of Andro on the biosyntheses of cell wall, protein, DNA, and RNA, respectively. In addition, anti-biofilm potential of this compound was also tested. Andro showed potential antibacterial activity against most of the tested Gram-positive bacteria. Among those, Staphylococcus aureus was found to be most sensitive with a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 100 μg/mL. It was found to be bacteriostatic. Specific inhibition of intracellular DNA biosynthesis was observed in a dose-dependent manner in S. aureus. Andro mediated inhibition of biofilm formation by S. aureus was also found. Considering its antimicrobial potency, Andro might be accounted as a promising lead for new antibacterial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India.,TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Subrata Chattopadhyay
- TCG Life Science Ltd., Bengal Intelligent Park, Tower-B, Block-EP & GP, Sector-5, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
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Parai D, Islam E, Mitra J, Mukherjee SK. Effect of Bacoside A on growth and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can J Microbiol 2016; 63:169-178. [PMID: 28099040 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of Bacoside A, a formulation of phytochemicals from Bacopa monnieri, against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are known to form biofilms as one of their virulence traits. The antimicrobial effects of Bacoside A were tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration assays. A cell membrane disruption assay was performed to find its possible target site. MTT assay, crystal violet assay, and microscopic studies were performed to assess the antibiofilm activity. Bacoside A showed antimicrobial activity against both test organisms in their planktonic and biofilm states. At a subminimum inhibitory concentration of 200 μg·mL-1, Bacoside A significantly removed ∼88%-93% of bacterial biofilm developed on microtiter plates. Biochemical and microscopic studies suggested that the eradication of biofilm might be due to the loss of extracellular polymeric substances and to a change in cell membrane integrity of the selected bacterial strains treated with Bacoside A. These results indicate that Bacoside A might be considered as an antimicrobial having the ability to disrupt biofilms. Thus, either alone or in combination with other therapeutics, Bacoside A could be useful to treat biofilm-related infections caused by opportunistic bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- a Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Ekramul Islam
- a Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Jayati Mitra
- b Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Kolkata 700073, India
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