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Holcomb ZE, Steinbrink JM, Zaas AK, Betancourt M, Tenor JL, Toffaletti DL, Alspaugh JA, Perfect JR, McClain MT. Transcriptional Profiles Elucidate Differential Host Responses to Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050430. [PMID: 35628686 PMCID: PMC9143552 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of the host response to invasive cryptococcal infections remain poorly understood. In order to explore the pathobiology of infection with common clinical strains, we infected BALB/cJ mice with Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, or sham control, and assayed host transcriptomic responses in peripheral blood. Infection with C. neoformans resulted in markedly greater fungal burden in the CNS than C. gattii, as well as slightly higher fungal burden in the lungs. A total of 389 genes were significantly differentially expressed in response to C. neoformans infection, which mainly clustered into pathways driving immune function, including complement activation and TH2-skewed immune responses. C. neoformans infection demonstrated dramatic up-regulation of complement-driven genes and greater up-regulation of alternatively activated macrophage activity than seen with C gattii. A 27-gene classifier was built, capable of distinguishing cryptococcal infection from animals with bacterial infection due to Staphylococcus aureus with 94% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Top genes from the murine classifiers were also differentially expressed in human PBMCs following infection, suggesting cross-species relevance of these findings. The host response, as manifested in transcriptional profiles, informs our understanding of the pathophysiology of cryptococcal infection and demonstrates promise for contributing to development of novel diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary E. Holcomb
- Harvard Combined Dermatology Residency Program, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Julie M. Steinbrink
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.K.Z.); (M.B.); (J.L.T.); (D.L.T.); (J.A.A.); (J.R.P.); (M.T.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aimee K. Zaas
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.K.Z.); (M.B.); (J.L.T.); (D.L.T.); (J.A.A.); (J.R.P.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Marisol Betancourt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.K.Z.); (M.B.); (J.L.T.); (D.L.T.); (J.A.A.); (J.R.P.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Jennifer L. Tenor
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.K.Z.); (M.B.); (J.L.T.); (D.L.T.); (J.A.A.); (J.R.P.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Dena L. Toffaletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.K.Z.); (M.B.); (J.L.T.); (D.L.T.); (J.A.A.); (J.R.P.); (M.T.M.)
| | - J. Andrew Alspaugh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.K.Z.); (M.B.); (J.L.T.); (D.L.T.); (J.A.A.); (J.R.P.); (M.T.M.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John R. Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.K.Z.); (M.B.); (J.L.T.); (D.L.T.); (J.A.A.); (J.R.P.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Micah T. McClain
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.K.Z.); (M.B.); (J.L.T.); (D.L.T.); (J.A.A.); (J.R.P.); (M.T.M.)
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Service, Durham Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Sek AC, Percopo CM, Boddapati AK, Ma M, Geslewitz WE, Krumholz JO, Lack JB, Rosenberg HF. Differential expression of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) in tissue eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:679-691. [PMID: 33404075 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0920-620r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
No longer regarded simply as end-stage cytotoxic effectors, eosinophils are now recognized as complex cells with unique phenotypes that develop in response stimuli in the local microenvironment. In our previous study, we documented eosinophil infiltration in damaged muscle characteristic of dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice that model Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Specifically, we found that eosinophils did not promote the generation of muscle lesions, as these persisted in eosinophil-deficient mdx.PHIL mice. To obtain additional insight into these findings, we performed RNA sequencing of eosinophils isolated from muscle tissue of mdx, IL5tg, and mdx.IL5tg mice. We observed profound up-regulation of classical effector proteins (major basic protein-1, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil-associated ribonucleases) in eosinophils isolated from lesion-free muscle from IL5tg mice. By contrast, we observed significant up-regulation of tissue remodeling genes, including proteases, extracellular matrix components, collagen, and skeletal muscle precursors, as well as the immunomodulatory receptor, Trem2, in eosinophils isolated from skeletal muscle tissue from the dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Although the anti-inflammatory properties of Trem2 have been described in the monocyte/macrophage lineage, no previous studies have documented its expression in eosinophils. We found that Trem2 was critical for full growth and differentiation of bone marrow-derived eosinophil cultures and full expression of TLR4. Immunoreactive Trem2 was also detected on human peripheral blood eosinophils at levels that correlated with donor body mass index and total leukocyte count. Taken together, our findings provide important insight into the immunomodulatory and remodeling capacity of mouse eosinophils and the flexibility of their gene expression profiles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Sek
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Research Technologies Development Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Merck Research Laboratories, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Caroline M Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Research Technologies Development Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Twinbrook III, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, 20851, USA
| | - Arun K Boddapati
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21701, USA
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Michelle Ma
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Research Technologies Development Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Wendy E Geslewitz
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Research Technologies Development Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Driskill Graduate Program in the Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Julia O Krumholz
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Research Technologies Development Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, USA
| | - Justin B Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21701, USA
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Research Technologies Development Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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Dylag AM, Haak J, Warren R, Yee M, Pryhuber GS, O'Reilly MA. Low Dose Hyperoxia Primes Airways for Fibrosis in Mice after Influenza A Infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L750-L763. [PMID: 34323115 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00289.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that supplemental oxygen used to treat preterm infants in respiratory distress is associated with permanently disrupting lung development and the host response to influenza A virus (IAV). However, many infants who go home with normally functioning lungs are also at risk for hyperreactivity after a respiratory viral infection. We recently reported a new, low-dose hyperoxia mouse model (40% for 8 days; 40x8) that causes a transient change in lung function that resolves, rendering 40x8 adult animals functionally indistinguishable from room air controls. Here we reported that when infected with IAV, 40x8 mice display an early transient activation of TGFβ signaling and later airway hyperreactivity associated with peribronchial inflammation (profibrotic macrophages) and fibrosis compared to infected room air controls, suggesting neonatal oxygen induced hidden molecular changes that prime the lung for hyperreactive airways disease. While searching for potential activators of TGFβ signaling, we discovered that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is elevated in naïve 40x8 mice compared to controls and localized to lung megakaryocytes and platelets before and during IAV infection. Elevated TSP-1 was also identified in human autopsy samples of former preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. These findings reveal how low doses of oxygen that do not durably change lung function may prime it for hyperreactive airways disease by changing expression of genes, such as TSP-1, thus helping to explain why former preterm infants who have normal lung function are susceptible to airway obstruction and increased morbidity after viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Dylag
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jeannie Haak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Warren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Min Yee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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Wickramasinghe LC, van Wijngaarden P, Johnson C, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML. An Experimental Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Features Long-Term Retinal and Pulmonary Defects but Not Sustained Lung Inflammation. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:689699. [PMID: 34527643 PMCID: PMC8435611 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.689699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe lung disease that affects preterm infants receiving oxygen therapy. No standardized, clinically-relevant BPD model exists, hampering efforts to understand and treat this disease. This study aimed to evaluate and confirm a candidate model of acute and chronic BPD, based on exposure of neonatal mice to a high oxygen environment during key lung developmental stages affected in preterm infants with BPD. Neonatal C57BL/6 mouse pups were exposed to 75% oxygen from postnatal day (PN)-1 for 5, 8, or 14 days, and their lungs were examined at PN14 and PN40. While all mice showed some degree of lung damage, mice exposed to hyperoxia for 8 or 14 days exhibited the greatest septal wall thickening and airspace enlargement. Furthermore, when assessed at PN40, mice exposed for 8 or 14 days to supplemental oxygen exhibited augmented septal wall thickness and emphysema, with the severity increased with the longer exposure, which translated into a decline in respiratory function at PN80 in the 14-day model. In addition to this, mice exposed to hyperoxia for 8 days showed significant expansion of alveolar epithelial type II cells as well as the greatest fibrosis when assessed at PN40 suggesting a healing response, which was not seen in mice exposed to high oxygen for a longer period. While evidence of lung inflammation was apparent at PN14, chronic inflammation was absent from all three models. Finally, exposure to high oxygen for 14 days also induced concurrent outer retinal degeneration. This study shows that early postnatal exposure to high oxygen generates hallmark acute and chronic pathologies in mice that highlights its use as a translational model of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshanie C Wickramasinghe
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Department of Surgery - Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad Johnson
- Monash Micro Imaging, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Ubags NDJ, Alejandre Alcazar MA, Kallapur SG, Knapp S, Lanone S, Lloyd CM, Morty RE, Pattaroni C, Reynaert NL, Rottier RJ, Smits HH, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, Strickland DH, Collins JJP. Early origins of lung disease: towards an interdisciplinary approach. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200191. [PMID: 33004528 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0191-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal and perinatal environments can have profound effects on the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, mechanistic insight into how the early-life microenvironment can impact upon development of the lung and immune system and consequent initiation and progression of respiratory diseases is still emerging. Recent studies investigating the developmental origins of lung diseases have started to delineate the effects of early-life changes in the lung, environmental exposures and immune maturation on the development of childhood and adult lung diseases. While the influencing factors have been described and studied in mostly animal models, it remains challenging to pinpoint exactly which factors and at which time point are detrimental in lung development leading to respiratory disease later in life. To advance our understanding of early origins of chronic lung disease and to allow for proper dissemination and application of this knowledge, we propose four major focus areas: 1) policy and education; 2) clinical assessment; 3) basic and translational research; and 4) infrastructure and tools, and discuss future directions for advancement. This review is a follow-up of the discussions at the European Respiratory Society Research Seminar "Early origins of lung disease: towards an interdisciplinary approach" (Lisbon, Portugal, November 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki D J Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Authors are listed alphabetically except for N.D.J. Ubags and J.J.P. Collins
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcazar
- Dept of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Paediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Dept of Medicine I/Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rory E Morty
- Dept of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Dept of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Céline Pattaroni
- Dept of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Dept of Paediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Dept of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A A de Steenhuijsen Piters
- Dept of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer J P Collins
- Dept of Paediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands .,Authors are listed alphabetically except for N.D.J. Ubags and J.J.P. Collins
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Difference in pyruvic acid metabolism between neonatal and adult mouse lungs exposed to hyperoxia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238604. [PMID: 32881962 PMCID: PMC7470327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neonatal lungs are more tolerant to hyperoxic injury than are adult lungs. This study investigated differences in the response to hyperoxic exposure between neonatal and adult mouse lungs using metabolomics analysis with capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE- TOFMS). Methods Neonatal and adult mice were exposed to 21% or 95% O2 for four days. Subsequently, lung tissue samples were collected and analyzed by CE-TOFMS. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) enzyme activity was determined using a microplate assay kit. PDH kinase (Pdk) 1, Pdk2, Pdk3, and Pdk4 mRNA expression levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pdk4 protein expression was quantified by Western blotting and Pdk4 protein localization was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Levels of 3-phosphoglyceric acid, 2-phosphoglyceric acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, and lactic acid were significantly elevated in the lungs of hyperoxia-exposed versus normoxia-exposed adult mice, whereas no significant differences were observed with hyperoxia exposure in neonatal mice. PDH activity was reduced in the lungs of adult mice only. Pdk4 mRNA expression levels after hyperoxic exposure were significantly elevated in adult mice compared with that in neonatal mice. Conversely, gene expression levels of Pdk1, Pdk2, and Pdk3 did not differ after hyperoxic exposure in either neonatal or adult mice. Pdk4 protein levels were also significantly increased in adult mouse lungs exposed to hyperoxia and were localized mainly to the epithelium of terminal bronchiole. Conclusions Specific metabolites associated with glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were altered after hyperoxia exposure in the lungs of adult mice, but not in neonates, which was likely a result of reduced PDH activity due to Pdk4 mRNA upregulation under hyperoxia.
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Dunigan-Russell K, Lin V, Silverberg M, Wall SB, Li R, Gotham J, Nicola T, Sridharan A, Snowball J, Delaney C, Li Q, Tipple TE. Aurothioglucose enhances proangiogenic pathway activation in lungs from room air and hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1165-L1171. [PMID: 32292070 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00086.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a long-term respiratory morbidity of prematurity, is characterized by attenuated alveolar and vascular development. Supplemental oxygen and immature antioxidant defenses contribute to BPD development. Our group identified thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1) as a therapeutic target to prevent BPD. The present studies evaluated the impact of the TXNRD1 inhibitor aurothioglucose (ATG) on pulmonary responses and gene expression in newborn C57BL/6 pups treated with saline or ATG (25 mg/kg ip) within 12 h of birth and exposed to room air (21% O2) or hyperoxia (>95% O2) for 72 h. Purified RNA from lung tissues was sequenced, and differential expression was evaluated. Hyperoxic exposure altered ~2,000 genes, including pathways involved in glutathione metabolism, intrinsic apoptosis signaling, and cell cycle regulation. The isolated effect of ATG treatment was limited primarily to genes that regulate angiogenesis and vascularization. In separate studies, pups were treated as described above and returned to room air until 14 days. Vascular density analyses were performed, and ANOVA indicated an independent effect of hyperoxia on vascular density and alveolar architecture at 14 days. Consistent with RNA-seq analyses, ATG significantly increased vascular density in room air, but not in hyperoxia-exposed pups. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which TXNRD1 inhibitors may enhance lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Dunigan-Russell
- Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vivian Lin
- Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mary Silverberg
- Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephanie B Wall
- Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John Gotham
- Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Teodora Nicola
- Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anusha Sridharan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John Snowball
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Cassidy Delaney
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Trent E Tipple
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Mereness JA, Bhattacharya S, Ren Y, Wang Q, Anderson CS, Donlon K, Dylag AM, Haak J, Angelin A, Bonaldo P, Mariani TJ. Collagen VI Deficiency Results in Structural Abnormalities in the Mouse Lung. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:426-441. [PMID: 31837950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Collagen VI (COL6) is known for its role in a spectrum of congenital muscular dystrophies, which are often accompanied by respiratory dysfunction. However, little is known regarding the function of COL6 in the lung. We confirmed the presence of COL6 throughout the basement membrane region of mouse lung tissue. Lung structure and organization were studied in a previously described Col6a1-/- mouse, which does not produce detectable COL6 in the lung. The Col6a1-/- mouse displayed histopathologic alveolar and airway abnormalities. The airspaces of Col6a1-/- lungs appeared simplified, with larger (29%; P < 0.01) and fewer (31%; P < 0.001) alveoli. These airspace abnormalities included reduced isolectin B4+ alveolar capillaries and surfactant protein C-positive alveolar epithelial type-II cells. Alterations in lung function consistent with these histopathologic changes were evident. Col6a1-/- mice also displayed multiple airway changes, including increased branching (59%; P < 0.001), increased mucosal thickness (34%; P < 0.001), and increased epithelial cell density (13%; P < 0.001). Comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed that the loss of COL6 is associated with reductions in integrin-paxillin-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in vivo. In vitro, COL6 promoted steady-state phosphorylated paxillin levels and reduced cell density (16% to 28%; P < 0.05) at confluence. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or its downstream effectors, resulted in increased cell density to a level similar to that seen on matrices lacking COL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Mereness
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Yue Ren
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Christopher S Anderson
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Kathy Donlon
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Andrew M Dylag
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jeannie Haak
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eosinophils are short-lived granulocytes that contain a variety of proteins and lipids traditionally associated with host defense against parasites. The primary goal of this review is to examine more recent evidence that challenged this rather outdated role of eosinophils in the context of pulmonary infections with helminths, viruses, and bacteria. RECENT FINDINGS While eosinophil mechanisms that counter parasites, viruses, and bacteria are similar, the kinetics and impact may differ by pathogen type. Major antiparasitic responses include direct killing and immunoregulation, as well as some mechanisms by which parasite survival/growth is supported. Antiviral defenses may be as unembellished as granule protein-induced direct killing or more urbane as serving as a conduit for better adaptive immune responses to the invading virus. Although sacrificial, eosinophil DNA emitted in response to bacteria helps trap bacteria to limit dissemination. Herein, we discuss the current research redefining eosinophils as multifunctional cells that are active participants in host defense against lung pathogens. Eosinophils recognize and differentially respond to invading pathogens, allowing them to deploy innate defense mechanisms to contain and clear the infection, or modulate the immune response. Modern technology and animal models have unraveled hitherto unknown capabilities of this surreptitious cell that indubitably has more functions awaiting discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S LeMessurier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy - Immunology, and Sleep, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Amali E Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy - Immunology, and Sleep, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
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10
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Chao CM, van den Bruck R, Lork S, Merkle J, Krampen L, Weil PP, Aydin M, Bellusci S, Jenke AC, Postberg J. Neonatal exposure to hyperoxia leads to persistent disturbances in pulmonary histone signatures associated with NOS3 and STAT3 in a mouse model. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:37. [PMID: 29581793 PMCID: PMC5861728 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early pulmonary oxygen exposure is one of the most important factors implicated in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods Here, we analyzed short- and long-term effects of neonatal hyperoxia on NOS3 and STAT3 expression and corresponding epigenetic signatures using a hyperoxia-based mouse model of BPD. Results Early hyperoxia exposure led to a significant increase in NOS3 (median fold change × 2.37, IQR 1.54–3.68) and STAT3 (median fold change × 2.83, IQR 2.21–3.88) mRNA levels in pulmonary endothelial cells with corresponding changes in histone modification patterns such as H2aZac and H3K9ac hyperacetylation at the respective gene loci. No complete restoration in histone signatures at these loci was observed, and responsivity to later hyperoxia was altered in mouse lungs. In vitro, histone signatures in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) remained altered for several weeks after an initial long-term exposure to trichostatin A. This was associated with a substantial increase in baseline eNOS (median 27.2, IQR 22.3–35.6) and STAT3α (median 5.8, IQR 4.8–7.3) mRNA levels with a subsequent significant reduction in eNOS expression upon exposure to hypoxia. Conclusions Early hyperoxia induced permanent changes in histones signatures at the NOS3 and STAT3 gene locus might partly explain the altered vascular response patterns in children with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Ming Chao
- 1Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,2University Children's Hospital Gießen, Division of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rhea van den Bruck
- 3Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Medical Center Wuppertal, Center for Clinical & Translational Research (CCTR), Center for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Samantha Lork
- 3Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Medical Center Wuppertal, Center for Clinical & Translational Research (CCTR), Center for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Janica Merkle
- 3Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Medical Center Wuppertal, Center for Clinical & Translational Research (CCTR), Center for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Laura Krampen
- 3Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Medical Center Wuppertal, Center for Clinical & Translational Research (CCTR), Center for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Patrick P Weil
- 3Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Medical Center Wuppertal, Center for Clinical & Translational Research (CCTR), Center for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Malik Aydin
- 3Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Medical Center Wuppertal, Center for Clinical & Translational Research (CCTR), Center for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- 1Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas C Jenke
- 3Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Medical Center Wuppertal, Center for Clinical & Translational Research (CCTR), Center for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany.,4EKO Children's Hospital, Oberhausen, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 40, Witten, Germany
| | - Jan Postberg
- 3Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Medical Center Wuppertal, Center for Clinical & Translational Research (CCTR), Center for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
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11
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Domm W, Yee M, Misra RS, Gelein R, Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, O'Reilly MA. Oxygen-dependent changes in lung development do not affect epithelial infection with influenza A virus. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L940-L949. [PMID: 28798254 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00203.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants born prematurely often require supplemental oxygen, which contributes to aberrant lung development and increased pulmonary morbidity following a respiratory viral infection. We have been using a mouse model to understand how early-life hyperoxia affects the adult lung response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Prior studies showed how neonatal hyperoxia (100% oxygen) increased sensitivity of adult mice to infection with IAV [IAV (A/Hong Kong/X31) H3N2] as defined by persistent inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, and mortality. Since neonatal hyperoxia alters lung structure, we used a novel fluorescence-expressing reporter strain of H1N1 IAV [A/Puerto Rico/8/34 mCherry (PR8-mCherry)] to evaluate whether it also altered early infection of the respiratory epithelium. Like Hong Kong/X31, neonatal hyperoxia increased morbidity and mortality of adult mice infected with PR8-mCherry. Whole lung imaging and histology suggested a modest increase in mCherry expression in adult mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia compared with room air-exposed animals. However, this did not reflect an increase in airway or alveolar epithelial infection when mCherry-positive cells were identified and quantified by flow cytometry. Instead, a modest increase in the number of CD45-positive macrophages expressing mCherry was detected. While neonatal hyperoxia does not alter early epithelial infection with IAV, it may increase the activity of macrophages toward infected cells, thereby enhancing early epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Domm
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Min Yee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Robert Gelein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; and
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12
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Yee M, Domm W, Gelein R, Bentley KLDM, Kottmann RM, Sime PJ, Lawrence BP, O'Reilly MA. Alternative Progenitor Lineages Regenerate the Adult Lung Depleted of Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:453-464. [PMID: 27967234 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0150oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An aberrant oxygen environment at birth increases the severity of respiratory viral infections later in life through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we show that alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) 2 cells (AEC2s), progenitors for AEC1 cells, are depleted in adult mice exposed to neonatal hypoxia or hyperoxia. Airway cells expressing surfactant protein (SP)-C and ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3, alveolar pod cells expressing keratin (KRT) 5, and pulmonary fibrosis were observed when these mice were infected with a sublethal dose of HKx31, H3N2 influenza A virus. This was not seen in infected siblings birthed into room air. Genetic lineage tracing studies in mice exposed to neonatal hypoxia or hyperoxia revealed pre-existing secretoglobin 1a1+ cells produced airway cells expressing SP-C and ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3. Pre-existing Kr5+ progenitor cells produced squamous alveolar cells expressing receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, aquaporin 5, and T1α in alveoli devoid of AEC2s. They were not the source of KRT5+ alveolar pod cells. These oxygen-dependent changes in epithelial cell regeneration and fibrosis could be recapitulated by conditionally depleting AEC2s in mice using diphtheria A toxin and then infecting with influenza A virus. Likewise, airway cells expressing SP-C and alveolar cells expressing KRT5 were observed in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These findings suggest that alternative progenitor lineages are mobilized to regenerate the alveolar epithelium when AEC2s are severely injured or depleted by previous insults, such as an adverse oxygen environment at birth. Because these lineages regenerate AECs in spatially distinct compartments of a lung undergoing fibrosis, they may not be sufficient to prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R Matthew Kottmann
- 4 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Patricia J Sime
- 4 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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13
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Attery A, Batra JK. Mouse eosinophil associated ribonucleases: Mechanism of cytotoxic, antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:445-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Namba F, Ogawa R, Ito M, Watanabe T, Dennery PA, Tamura M. Sex-related differences in long-term pulmonary outcomes of neonatal hyperoxia in mice. Exp Lung Res 2016; 42:57-65. [DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2016.1141264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Emr BM, Roy S, Kollisch-Singule M, Gatto LA, Barravecchia M, Lin X, Young JL, Wang G, Liu J, Satalin J, Snyder K, Nieman GF, Dean DA. Electroporation-mediated gene delivery of Na+,K+ -ATPase, and ENaC subunits to the lung attenuates acute respiratory distress syndrome in a two-hit porcine model. Shock 2015; 43:16-23. [PMID: 25004064 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of organ failure with an associated mortality rate of 40%. The initiating event is disruption of alveolar-capillary interface causing leakage of edema into alveoli. HYPOTHESIS Electroporation-mediated gene delivery of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na+,K+ -ATPase into alveolar cells would improve alveolar clearance of edema and attenuate ARDS. METHODS Pigs were anesthetized and instrumented, and the superior mesenteric artery was clamped to cause gut ischemia/reperfusion injury and peritoneal sepsis by fecal clot implantation. Animals were ventilated according to ARDSnet protocol. Four hours after injury, animals were randomized into groups: (i) treatment: Na+,K+ -ATPase/ENaC plasmid (n = 5) and (ii) control: empty plasmid (n = 5). Plasmids were delivered to the lung using bronchoscope. Electroporation was delivered using eight-square-wave electric pulses across the chest. Following electroporation, pigs were monitored 48 h. RESULTS The Pao2/Fio2 ratio and lung compliance were higher in the treatment group. Lung wet/dry ratio was lower in the treatment group. Relative expression of the Na+,K+ -ATPase transgene was higher throughout lungs receiving treatment plasmids. Quantitative histopathology revealed a reduction in intra-alveolar fibrin in the treatment group. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed increased surfactant protein B in the treatment group. Survival was improved in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Electroporation-mediated transfer of Na+,K+ -ATPase/ENaC plasmids improved lung function, reduced fibrin deposits, decreased lung edema, and improved survival in a translational porcine model of ARDS. Gene therapy can attenuate ARDS pathophysiology in a high-fidelity animal model, suggesting a potential new therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryanna M Emr
- *Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse; †Department of Biology, SUNY Cortland, Cortland; and Departments of ‡Pediatrics and §Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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16
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Domm W, Misra RS, O'Reilly MA. Affect of Early Life Oxygen Exposure on Proper Lung Development and Response to Respiratory Viral Infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:55. [PMID: 26322310 PMCID: PMC4530667 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born preterm often exhibit reduced lung function and increased severity of response to respiratory viruses, suggesting that premature birth has compromised proper development of the respiratory epithelium and innate immune defenses. Increasing evidence suggests that premature birth promotes aberrant lung development likely due to the neonatal oxygen transition occurring before pulmonary development has matured. Given that preterm infants are born at a point of time where their immune system is also still developing, early life oxygen exposure may also be disrupting proper development of innate immunity. Here, we review current literature in hopes of stimulating research that enhances understanding of how the oxygen environment at birth influences lung development and host defense. This knowledge may help identify those children at risk for disease and ideally culminate in the development of novel therapies that improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Domm
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA ; Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA ; Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA
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17
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Jobe AH. Animal Models, Learning Lessons to Prevent and Treat Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:49. [PMID: 26301222 PMCID: PMC4528292 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a unique injury syndrome caused by prolonged injury and repair imposed on an immature and developing lung. The decreased septation and decreased microvascular development phenotype of BPD can be reproduced in newborn rodents with increased chronic oxygen exposure and in premature primates and sheep with oxygen and/or mechanical ventilation. The inflammation caused by oxidants, inflammatory agonists, and/or stretch injury from mechanical ventilation seems to promote the anatomic abnormalities. Multiple interventions targeted to specific inflammatory cells or pathways or targeted to decreasing ventilation-mediated injury can substantially prevent the anatomic changes associated with BPD in term rodents and in preterm sheep or primate models. Most of the anti-inflammatory therapies with benefit in animal models have not been tested clinically. None of the interventions that have been tested clinically are as effective as anticipated from the animal models. These inconsistencies in responses likely are explained by the antenatal differences in lung exposures of the developing animals relative to very preterm humans. The animals generally have normal lungs while the lungs of preterm infants are exposed variably to intrauterine inflammation, growth abnormalities, antenatal corticosteroids, and poorly understood effects from the causes of preterm delivery. The animal models have been essential for the definition of the mediators that can cause a BPD phenotype. These models will be necessary to develop and test future-targeted interventions to prevent and treat BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Jobe
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH , USA
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18
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Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin (EDN/RNase 2) and the Mouse Eosinophil-Associated RNases (mEars): Expanding Roles in Promoting Host Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15442-55. [PMID: 26184157 PMCID: PMC4519907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN/RNase2) and its divergent orthologs, the mouse eosinophil-associated RNases (mEars), are prominent secretory proteins of eosinophilic leukocytes and are all members of the larger family of RNase A-type ribonucleases. While EDN has broad antiviral activity, targeting RNA viruses via mechanisms that may require enzymatic activity, more recent studies have elucidated how these RNases may generate host defense via roles in promoting leukocyte activation, maturation, and chemotaxis. This review provides an update on recent discoveries, and highlights the versatility of this family in promoting innate immunity.
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19
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Bhandary YP, Shetty SK, Marudamuthu AS, Midde KK, Ji HL, Shams H, Subramaniam R, Fu J, Idell S, Shetty S. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cigarette smoke exposure and influenza A virus infection-induced lung injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123187. [PMID: 25932922 PMCID: PMC4416821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenchymal lung inflammation and airway and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis are associated with cigarette smoke exposure (CSE), which contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epidemiological studies indicate that people exposed to chronic cigarette smoke with or without COPD are more susceptible to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We found increased p53, PAI-1 and apoptosis in AECs, with accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs of patients with COPD. In Wild-type (WT) mice with passive CSE (PCSE), p53 and PAI-1 expression and apoptosis were increased in AECs as was lung inflammation, while those lacking p53 or PAI-1 resisted AEC apoptosis and lung inflammation. Further, inhibition of p53-mediated induction of PAI-1 by treatment of WT mice with caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSP) reduced PCSE-induced lung inflammation and reversed PCSE-induced suppression of eosinophil-associated RNase1 (EAR1). Competitive inhibition of the p53-PAI-1 mRNA interaction by expressing p53-binding 3’UTR sequences of PAI-1 mRNA likewise suppressed CS-induced PAI-1 and AEC apoptosis and restored EAR1 expression. Consistent with PCSE-induced lung injury, IAV infection increased p53, PAI-1 and apoptosis in AECs in association with pulmonary inflammation. Lung inflammation induced by PCSE was worsened by subsequent exposure to IAV. Mice lacking PAI-1 that were exposed to IAV showed minimal viral burden based on M2 antigen and hemagglutination analyses, whereas transgenic mice that overexpress PAI-1 without PCSE showed increased M2 antigen and inflammation after IAV infection. These observations indicate that increased PAI-1 expression promotes AEC apoptosis and exacerbates lung inflammation induced by IAV following PCSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodhar P. Bhandary
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shwetha K. Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amarnath S. Marudamuthu
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Krishna K. Midde
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Homoyoun Shams
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Renuka Subramaniam
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jian Fu
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Steven Idell
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sreerama Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Yamada KJ, Barker T, Dyer KD, Rice TA, Percopo CM, Garcia-Crespo KE, Cho S, Lee JJ, Druey KM, Rosenberg HF. Eosinophil-associated ribonuclease 11 is a macrophage chemoattractant. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8863-75. [PMID: 25713137 PMCID: PMC4423678 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.626648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNase A is the prototype of an extensive family of divergent proteins whose members share a unique disulfide-bonded tertiary structure, conserved catalytic motifs, and the ability to hydrolyze polymeric RNA. Several members of this family maintain independent roles as ribonucleases and modulators of innate immunity. Here we characterize mouse eosinophil-associated RNase (Ear) 11, a divergent member of the eosinophil ribonuclease cluster, and the only known RNase A ribonuclease expressed specifically in response to Th2 cytokine stimulation. Mouse Ear 11 is differentially expressed in somatic tissues at baseline (brain ≪ liver < lung < spleen); systemic stimulation with IL-33 results in 10-5000-fold increased expression in lung and spleen, respectively. Ear 11 is also expressed in response to protective priming of the respiratory mucosa with Lactobacillus plantarum; transcripts are detected both locally in lung as well as systemically in bone marrow and spleen. Mouse Ear 11 is enzymatically active, although substantially less so than mEar 1 and mEar 2; the relative catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of mEar 11 is diminished ∼1000-1500-fold. However, in contrast to RNase 2/EDN and mEar 2, which have been characterized as selective chemoattractants for CD11c(+) dendritic cells, mEar 11 has prominent chemoattractant activity for F4/80(+)CD11c(-) tissue macrophages. Chemoattractant activity is not dependent on full enzymatic activity, and requires no interaction with the pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Taken together, this work characterizes a divergent RNase A ribonuclease with a unique expression pattern and function, and highlights the versatility of this family in promoting innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tolga Barker
- Molecular Signal Transduction Sections, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | | | | | | | - Soochin Cho
- the Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and
| | - James J Lee
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
| | - Kirk M Druey
- Molecular Signal Transduction Sections, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Reilly EC, Martin KC, Jin GB, Yee M, O'Reilly MA, Lawrence BP. Neonatal hyperoxia leads to persistent alterations in NK responses to influenza A virus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L76-85. [PMID: 25381024 PMCID: PMC4281699 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00233.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory distress in preterm or low birth weight infants is often treated with supplemental oxygen. However, this therapy can disrupt normal lung development and architecture and alter responses to respiratory insults. Similarly, exposure of newborn mice to 100% oxygen during saccular lung development leads to permanent alveolar simplification, and upon challenge with influenza A virus, mice exhibit reduced host resistance. Natural killer (NK) cells are key players in antiviral immunity, and emerging evidence suggest they also help to maintain homeostasis in peripheral tissues, including the lung, by promoting epithelial cell regeneration via IL-22. We tested the hypothesis that adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates have modified NK cell responses to infection. We report here that mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia had fewer IL-22(+) NK cells in their lungs after influenza virus challenge and a parallel increase in IFN-γ(+) NK cells. Using reciprocal bone marrow chimeric mice, we show that exposure of either hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic cells was sufficient to increase the severity of infection and to diminish the frequency of IL-22(+) NK cells in the infected lung. Overall, our findings suggest that neonatal hyperoxia leads to long-term changes in the reparative vs. cytotoxic nature of NK cells and that this is due in part to intrinsic changes in hematopoietic cells. These differences may contribute to how oxygen alters the host response to respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Reilly
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Kyle C Martin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Guang-bi Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Min Yee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
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22
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Yee M, Buczynski BW, O’Reilly MA. Neonatal hyperoxia stimulates the expansion of alveolar epithelial type II cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:757-66. [PMID: 24188066 PMCID: PMC4068921 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0207oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen used to treat infants born prematurely disrupts angiogenesis and is a risk factor for persistent pulmonary disease later in life. Although it is unclear how neonatal oxygen affects development of the respiratory epithelium, alveolar simplification and depletion of type II cells has been observed in adult mice exposed to hyperoxia between postnatal Days 0 and 4. Because hyperoxia inhibits cell proliferation, we hypothesized that it depleted the adult lung of type II cells by inhibiting their proliferation at birth. Newborn mice were exposed to room air (RA) or hyperoxia, and the oxygen-exposed mice were recovered in RA. Hyperoxia stimulated mRNA expressed by type II (Sftpc, Abca3) and type I (T1α, Aquaporin 5) cells and inhibited Pecam expressed by endothelial cells. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling and fate mapping with enhanced green fluorescence protein controlled statically by the Sftpc promoter or conditionally by the Scgb1a1 promoter revealed increased Sftpc and Abca3 mRNA seen on Day 4 reflected an increase in expansion of type II cells shortly after birth. When mice were returned to RA, this expanded population of type II cells was slowly depleted until few were detected by 8 weeks. These findings reveal that hyperoxia stimulates alveolar epithelial cell expansion when it disrupts angiogenesis. The loss of type II cells during recovery in RA may contribute to persistent pulmonary diseases such as those reported in children born preterm who were exposed to supplemental oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yee
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Bradley W. Buczynski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester New York
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Ahlfeld SK, Conway SJ. Assessment of inhibited alveolar-capillary membrane structural development and function in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:168-79. [PMID: 24604816 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of extreme prematurity and is defined clinically by dependence on supplemental oxygen due to impaired gas exchange. Optimal gas exchange is dependent on the development of a sufficient surface area for diffusion. In the mammalian lung, rapid acquisition of distal lung surface area is accomplished in neonatal and early adult life by means of vascularization and secondary septation of distal lung airspaces. Extreme preterm birth interrupts secondary septation and pulmonary capillary development and ultimately reduces the efficiency of the alveolar-capillary membrane. Although pulmonary health in BPD infants rapidly improves over the first few years, persistent alveolar-capillary membrane dysfunction continues into adolescence and adulthood. Preventative therapies have been largely ineffective, and therapies aimed at promoting normal development of the air-blood barrier in infants with established BPD remain largely unexplored. The purpose of this review will be: (1) to summarize the histological evidence of aberrant alveolar-capillary membrane development associated with extreme preterm birth and BPD, (2) to review the clinical evidence assessing the long-term impact of BPD on alveolar-capillary membrane function, and (3) to discuss the need to develop and incorporate direct measurements of functional gas exchange into clinically relevant animal models of inhibited alveolar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn K Ahlfeld
- Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine Program, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Regal JF, Lawrence BP, Johnson AC, Lojovich SJ, O’Reilly MA. Neonatal oxygen exposure alters airway hyper-responsiveness but not the response to allergen challenge in adult mice. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014; 25:180-6. [PMID: 24520985 PMCID: PMC3976144 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants born prematurely are often treated with supplemental oxygen, which can increase their risk for airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), asthma, reduced lung function, and altered responses to respiratory viral infections later in childhood. Likewise, exposure of newborn mice to hyperoxia alters baseline pulmonary mechanics and the host response to influenza A virus infection in adult mice. Here, we use this mouse model to test the hypothesis that neonatal hyperoxia also promotes AHR and exacerbated allergen-induced symptoms in adult mice. METHODS Baseline lung mechanics and AHR measured by methacholine provocation were assessed in adult male and female mice exposed to room air or 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) between post-natal days 0-4. AHR and lung inflammation were evaluated after adult female mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum and challenged with aerosolized OVA. RESULTS Baseline lung compliance increased and resistance decreased in adult female, but not male, mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia compared with siblings exposed to room air. Neonatal hyperoxia significantly enhanced methacholine-induced AHR in female mice, but did not affect allergen-induced AHR to methacholine or lung inflammation. CONCLUSION Increased incidence of AHR and asthma is reported in children born prematurely and exposed to supplemental oxygen. Our findings in adult female mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates suggest that this AHR reported in children born prematurely may reflect non-atopic wheezing due to intrinsic structural changes in airway development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F. Regal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - B. Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alex C. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah J. Lojovich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael A. O’Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Impact of intercurrent respiratory infections on lung health in infants born <29 weeks with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Perinatol 2014; 34:223-8. [PMID: 24335997 PMCID: PMC7099681 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the impact of intercurrent respiratory infections in infants <29 weeks gestational age (GA). STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of 111 infants born <29 weeks GA, controlling for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity and assessing pulmonary health over the first year of life through oxygen, diuretic and inhaled steroid use. RESULT Regression analysis showed viral infections increased oxygen use (odds ratio (OR) of 15.5 (confidence interval (CI)=3.4, 71.3)). The trend test showed increasing numbers of viral infections were associated with increased oxygen (OR (95% CI)=6.4 (2.3 to 17.4), P=0.0003), diuretic (OR (95% CI)=2.4 (1.1to 5.2), P=0.02) and inhaled steroid use (OR (95% CI)=2.2 (1.003 to 5.2), P=0.049), whereas bacterial infections were not. CONCLUSION Viral infections caused more long-term pulmonary morbidity/mortality than bacterial infections on premature lung health, even when controlling for BPD.
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Abstract
Electroporation is a safe, efficient, and inexpensive method to transfer naked plasmid DNA into various tissues. For electroporation-mediated gene transfer to the mouse lung, a plasmid solution is delivered to the lungs via the trachea. Immediately after plasmid delivery, eight square wave pulses are delivered by two pre-gelled electrodes placed on each side of the chest. An optimal field strength in mice is 200 V/cm, with a pulse duration of 10 ms each and a 1 s interval between pulses. High level gene expression can be achieved within 24 h in all cell types in the lung with very little inflammation and no apparent trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Young
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Abstract
Electroporation is increasingly being used for delivery of chemotherapy to tumors. Likewise, gene delivery by electroporation is rapidly gaining momentum for both vaccination purposes and for delivery of genes coding for other therapeutic molecules, such as chronic diseases or cancer. This chapter describes how gene therapy may be performed using electric pulses to enhance uptake and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gehl
- Department of Oncology, Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Buczynski BW, Yee M, Martin KC, Lawrence BP, O'Reilly MA. Neonatal hyperoxia alters the host response to influenza A virus infection in adult mice through multiple pathways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L282-90. [PMID: 23748535 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00112.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposing preterm infants or newborn mice to high concentrations of oxygen disrupts lung development and alters the response to respiratory viral infections later in life. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been separately shown to mitigate hyperoxia-mediated changes in lung development and attenuate virus-mediated lung inflammation. However, its potential to protect adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates against viral infection is not known. Here, transgenic mice overexpressing extracellular (EC)-SOD in alveolar type II epithelial cells are used to test whether SOD can alleviate the deviant pulmonary response to influenza virus infection in adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates. Fibrotic lung disease, observed following infection in wild-type (WT) mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates, was prevented by overexpression of EC-SOD. However, leukocyte recruitment remained excessive, and levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 remained modestly elevated following infection in EC-SOD Tg mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates. Because MCP-1 is often associated with pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, the host response to infection was concurrently evaluated in adult Mcp-1 WT and Mcp-1 knockout mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. In contrast to EC-SOD, excessive leukocyte recruitment, but not lung fibrosis, was dependent upon MCP-1. Our findings demonstrate that neonatal hyperoxia alters the inflammatory and fibrotic responses to influenza A virus infection through different pathways. Therefore, these data suggest that multiple therapeutic strategies may be needed to provide complete protection against diseases attributed to prematurity and early life exposure to oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Buczynski
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Box 850, The Univ. of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642.
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Abstract
A greater understanding of the regulatory processes contributing to lung development could be helpful to identify strategies to ameliorate morbidity and mortality in premature infants and to identify individuals at risk for congenital and/or chronic lung diseases. Over the past decade, genomics technologies have enabled the production of rich gene expression databases providing information for all genes across developmental time or in diseased tissue. These data sets facilitate systems biology approaches for identifying underlying biological modules and programs contributing to the complex processes of normal development and those that may be associated with disease states. The next decade will undoubtedly see rapid and significant advances in redefining both lung development and disease at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology and Program in Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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30
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Abstract
Supplemental oxygen is often used as a life-saving therapy in the treatment of preterm infants. However, its protracted use can lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and more recently, has been associated with adversely affecting the general health of children and adolescents who were born preterm. Efforts to understand how exposure to excess oxygen can disrupt lung development have historically focused on the interplay between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms. However, there has been a growing appreciation for how changes in gene-environment interactions occurring during critically important periods of organ development can profoundly affect human health and disease later in life. Here, we review the concept that oxygen is an environmental stressor that may play an important role at birth to control normal lung development via its interactions with genes and cells. Understanding how changes in the oxygen environment have the potential to alter the developmental programing of the lung, such that it now proceeds along a different developmental trajectory, could lead to novel therapies in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases, such as BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W. Buczynski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14642,Address Correspondence to: Bradley W. Buczynski, M.S., Department of Environmental Medicine, Box EHSC, The University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, Tel: (585) 273-4831, . Michael A. O’Reilly, Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Box 850, The University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, Tel: (585) 275-5948, Fax: (585) 756-7780,
| | - Echezona T. Maduekwe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14642
| | - Michael A. O’Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14642,Address Correspondence to: Bradley W. Buczynski, M.S., Department of Environmental Medicine, Box EHSC, The University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, Tel: (585) 273-4831, . Michael A. O’Reilly, Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Box 850, The University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, Tel: (585) 275-5948, Fax: (585) 756-7780,
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Yee M, Buczynski BW, Lawrence BP, O'Reilly MA. Neonatal hyperoxia increases sensitivity of adult mice to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 48:258-66. [PMID: 23258231 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0238oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen used to treat infants born prematurely constitutes a major risk factor for long-term deficits in lung function and host defense against respiratory infections. Likewise, neonatal oxygen exposure results in alveolar simplification in adult mice, and enhances leukocyte recruitment and fibrosis when adult mice are infected with a sublethal dose of influenza A virus. Because pulmonary fibrosis was not observed in infected adult mice exposed to room air as neonates, previous neonatal oxygen exposure may have reprogrammed how the adult lung responds to epithelial injury. By administering bleomycin to adult mice exposed to room air or hyperoxia as neonates, we tested the hypothesis that neonatal hyperoxia enhances fibrosis when the epithelium is injured by direct fibrotic stimulus. Increased sensitivity to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was observed in adult mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia, and was associated with increased numbers of leukocytes and an accumulation of active transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the lung. Fate mapping of the respiratory epithelium revealed that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition was not a significant source of fibroblasts in room air-exposed or oxygen-exposed mice treated with bleomycin. Instead, the treatment of mice with anti-Gr-1 antibody that depletes neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells reduced the early activation of TGF-β1 and attenuated hyperoxia-enhanced fibrosis. Because bleomycin and influenza A virus both cause epithelial injury, understanding how neonatal hyperoxia reprograms the epithelial response to these two different injurious agents could lead to new therapeutic opportunities for treating lung diseases attributed to prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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