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Chakraborty S, Chauhan A. Fighting the flu: a brief review on anti-influenza agents. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2024; 40:858-909. [PMID: 36946567 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2191081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The influenza virus causes one of the most prevalent and lethal infectious viral diseases of the respiratory system; the disease progression varies from acute self-limiting mild fever to disease chronicity and death. Although both the preventive and treatment measures have been vital in protecting humans against seasonal epidemics or sporadic pandemics, there are several challenges to curb the influenza virus such as limited or poor cross-protection against circulating virus strains, moderate protection in immune-compromised patients, and rapid emergence of resistance. Currently, there are four US-FDA-approved anti-influenza drugs to treat flu infection, viz. Rapivab, Relenza, Tamiflu, and Xofluza. These drugs are classified based on their mode of action against the viral replication cycle with the first three being Neuraminidase inhibitors, and the fourth one targeting the viral polymerase. The emergence of the drug-resistant strains of influenza, however, underscores the need for continuous innovation towards development and discovery of new anti-influenza agents with enhanced antiviral effects, greater safety, and improved tolerability. Here in this review, we highlighted commercially available antiviral agents besides those that are at different stages of development including under clinical trials, with a brief account of their antiviral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwini Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Tripura University, Agartala, India
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2
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Sasse S, Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga A, Sterk SS. Antiviral drugs in animal-derived matrices: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37460. [PMID: 39309792 PMCID: PMC11416254 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ban of antiviral drugs in food-producing animals in several parts of the world, latest by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1644, has increased the need for food control laboratories to develop analytical methods and perform official controls. However, little is known about antiviral drugs, their use, and its analysis in food-producing animals in the EU. This review aims to provide insights into relevant viruses, antiviral drugs, and animal-derived matrices for analytical method development and monitoring purposes to implement in food control laboratories. For years, animal viruses, such as African swine fever and avian influenza, have caused many outbreaks. Besides, they led to large economic losses due to the applied control measures and a lack of available treatments. Considering these losses and the known effectiveness of authorized human antiviral drugs in different organisms, medicines such as amantadine in Chinese poultry have been misused. Various analytical methods, including screening assays and sensors (published 2016-2023), and mass spectrometry methods (published 2012-2023) have been outlined in this review for the monitoring of antiviral drugs in animal-derived matrices. However, pharmacokinetics information on metabolite formation and distribution of these substances in different animal-derived matrices is incomplete. Additionally, apart from a few countries, there is a lack of available data on the potential misuse of different antiviral drugs in animal-derived matrices. Although a handful of important antiviral drugs, such as influenza, broad-spectrum, antiretroviral, and herpes drugs, and animal-derived matrices, such as chicken muscle, are identified, the priority of the scope should be further specified by closing the aforementioned gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sasse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, European Union Reference Laboratory for Residues, 6700 AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ane Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, European Union Reference Laboratory for Residues, 6700 AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia S. Sterk
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, European Union Reference Laboratory for Residues, 6700 AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Pariano M, Gidari A, Stincardini C, Pierucci S, Bastianelli S, Puccetti M, Giovagnoli S, Bellet MM, Fabi C, Castronari R, Antognelli C, Costantini C, Ricci M, Francisci D, Romani L. Protective Effect of Indole-3-Aldehyde in Murine COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:510. [PMID: 39057395 PMCID: PMC11278170 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental fungus recently included in the fungal high-priority pathogens by the World Health Organization. While immunodeficiency and/or pre-existing lung damage represent a well-recognized fertile ground for fungal growth, it is increasingly being recognized that severe viral infections may similarly favor A. fumigatus colonization and infection, as recently experienced in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Herein, in a murine model of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), obtained by the concomitant exposure to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein and A. fumigatus conidia, we found that the microbial compound indole-3-aldehyde (3-IAld) was able to ameliorate CAPA by working at multiple levels during viral infection and fungal superinfection, including epithelial barrier protection, promotion of antiviral responses, and limiting viral replication. As a consequence, 3-IAld limited the pathogenic sequelae of fungal superinfection as revealed by the controlled fungal burden and restrained inflammatory pathology. These results point to indole compounds as potential agents to prevent CAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Anna Gidari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Sara Pierucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Sabrina Bastianelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Marina M. Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Consuelo Fabi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Roberto Castronari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Daniela Francisci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.G.); (C.S.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (C.F.); (R.C.); (C.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.)
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4
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Das S, Nath S, Shahjahan, Dey SK. Plausible mechanism of drug resistance and side-effects of COVID-19 therapeutics: a bottleneck for its eradication. Daru 2024:10.1007/s40199-024-00524-z. [PMID: 39026019 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-024-00524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has turned our world upside down by meddling with our normal lives. While there is no definitive drug against SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs that are already in the market, are being repurposed against it, could now complete long-term as well as all age-specific investigations, and they are successful in saving millions of lives. Nevertheless, side-effects are emergingly seen in the patients undergoing treatment, and ineffectiveness is increasingly found due to the emerging notorious variants of the virus. Many of them are also facing serious co-infections including black fungus, Zika, and H1N1 virus to name a few. OBJECTIVES Therefore, this review highlights both drug resistance, their side-effects, and the significance for proper and long-term clinical trials of all age groups including children. METHODS We have explored and proposed the mechanisms of drug resistance that may arise due to the misuse or overuse of drugs based on available experimental reports. RESULTS The review provides solutions to the aforesaid issues of drug-resistance and side-effects by providing combination therapies, ancillary treatments, and other preventive strategies that can be useful in preventing drawbacks thereby curbing COVID-19 or similar future infections to maintain our normal lives. CONCLUSION COVID-19 and its long-term effects, if any, can be eradicated with strategic and mindful use of related therapeutics in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnali Das
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Sreyashi Nath
- Imaging Cell Signaling and Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Shahjahan
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Guo Z, He H, Liu K, Li Z, Xi Y, Liao Z, Dao G, Huang B, Pan X. Toxic mechanisms of the antiviral drug arbidol on microalgae in algal bloom water at transcriptomic level. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134678. [PMID: 38781856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Increasing antivirals in surface water caused by their excessive consumption pose serious threats to aquatic organisms. Our recent research found that the input of antiviral drug arbidol to algal bloom water can induce acute toxicity to the growth and metabolism of Microcystis aeruginosa, resulting in growth inhibition, as well as decrease in chlorophyll and ATP contents. However, the toxic mechanisms involved remained obscure, which were further investigated through transcriptomic analysis in this study. The results indicated that 885-1248 genes in algae were differentially expressed after exposure to 0.01-10.0 mg/L of arbidol, with the majority being down-regulated. Analysis of commonly down-regulated genes found that the cellular response to oxidative stress and damaged DNA bonding were affected, implying that the stress defense system and DNA repair function of algae might be damaged. The down-regulation of genes in porphyrin metabolism, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation might inhibit chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, and ATP supply, thereby hindering the growth and metabolism of algae. Moreover, the down-regulation of genes related to nucleotide metabolism and DNA replication might influence the reproduction of algae. These findings provided effective strategies to elucidate toxic mechanisms of contaminants on algae in algal bloom water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Kunqian Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanting Xi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guohua Dao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Li YY, Liang GD, Chen ZX, Zhang K, Liang JL, Jiang LR, Yang SZ, Jiang F, Liu SW, Yang J. A small molecule compound targeting hemagglutinin inhibits influenza A virus and exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01331-7. [PMID: 38987389 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a widespread pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health, causing pandemics with high mortality and pathogenicity. Given the emergence of increasingly drug-resistant strains of IAV, currently available antiviral drugs have been reported to be inadequate to meet clinical demands. Therefore, continuous exploration of safe, effective and broad-spectrum antiviral medications is urgently required. Here, we found that the small molecule compound J1 exhibited low toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, J1 exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against enveloped viruses, including IAV, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effects and mechanism of action of J1 on IAV in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that J1 inhibited infection by IAV strains, including H1N1, H7N9, H5N1 and H3N2, as well as by oseltamivir-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies have shown that J1 blocks IAV infection mainly through specific interactions with the influenza virus hemagglutinin HA2 subunit, thereby blocking membrane fusion. BALB/c mice were used to establish a model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by IAV. Treatment with J1 increased survival rates and reduced viral titers, lung index and lung inflammatory damage in virus-infected mice. In conclusion, J1 possesses significant anti-IAV effects in vitro and in vivo, providing insights into the development of broad-spectrum antivirals against future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yan Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guo-Dong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Candidate Drug Design and Screening Based on Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbio and Infectious Disease Prevention & Control in Guizhou Province/Institute of Virology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Jin-Long Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin-Rui Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Si-Zu Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shu-Wen Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Li M, Jin Y, Wu J, Zhao M, Yu K, Yu H. Arbidol, an antiviral drug, identified as a sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant activity. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38982721 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sodium channel blockers (SCBs) have traditionally been utilized as anti-seizure medications by primarily targeting the inactivation process. In a drug discovery project aiming at finding potential anticonvulsants, we have identified arbidol, originally an antiviral drug, as a potent SCB. In order to evaluate its anticonvulsant potential, we have thoroughly examined its biophysical properties as well as its effects on animal seizure models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Patch clamp recording was used to investigate the electrophysiological properties of arbidol, as well as the binding and unbinding kinetics of arbidol, carbamazepine and lacosamide. Furthermore, we evaluated the anticonvulsant effects of arbidol using three different seizure models in male mice. KEY RESULTS Arbidol effectively suppressed neuronal epileptiform activity by blocking sodium channels. Arbidol demonstrated a distinct mode of action by interacting with both the fast and slow inactivation of Nav1.2 channels compared with carbamazepine and lacosamide. A kinetic study suggested that the binding and unbinding rates might be associated with the specific characteristics of these three drugs. Arbidol targeted the classical binding site of local anaesthetics, effectively inhibited the gain-of-function effects of Nav1.2 epileptic mutations and exhibited varying degrees of anticonvulsant effects in the maximal electroshock model and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol model but had no effect in the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Arbidol shows promising potential as an anticonvulsant agent, providing a unique mode of action that sets it apart from existing SCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
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Israr J, Alam S, Kumar A. Drug repurposing for respiratory infections. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:207-230. [PMID: 38942538 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory infections such as Coronavirus disease 2019 are a substantial worldwide health challenge, frequently resulting in severe sickness and death, especially in susceptible groups. Conventional drug development for respiratory infections faces obstacles such as extended timescales, substantial expenses, and the rise of resistance to current treatments. Drug repurposing is a potential method that has evolved to quickly find and reuse existing medications for treating respiratory infections. Drug repurposing utilizes medications previously approved for different purposes, providing a cost-effective and time-efficient method to tackle pressing medical needs. This chapter summarizes current progress and obstacles in repurposing medications for respiratory infections, focusing on notable examples of repurposed pharmaceuticals and their probable modes of action. The text also explores the significance of computational approaches, high-throughput screening, and preclinical investigations in identifying potential candidates for repurposing. The text delves into the significance of regulatory factors, clinical trial structure, and actual data in confirming the effectiveness and safety of repurposed medications for respiratory infections. Drug repurposing is a valuable technique for quickly increasing the range of treatments for respiratory infections, leading to better patient outcomes and decreasing the worldwide disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juveriya Israr
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shabroz Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Xu D, Gong Y, Zhang L, Xiao F, Wang X, Qin J, Tan L, Yang T, Lin Z, Xu Z, Liu X, Xiao F, Zhang F, Tang F, Zuo J, Luo X, Huang W, Yang L, Yang W. Modular Biomimetic Strategy Enables Discovery and SAR Exploration of Oxime Macrocycles as Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8201-8224. [PMID: 38736187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Although vaccination remains the prevalent prophylactic means for controlling Influenza A virus (IAV) infections, novel structural antivirus small-molecule drugs with new mechanisms of action for treating IAV are highly desirable. Herein, we describe a modular biomimetic strategy to expeditiously achieve a new class of macrocycles featuring oxime, which might target the hemagglutinin (HA)-mediated IAV entry into the host cells. SAR analysis revealed that the size and linker of the macrocycles play an important role in improving potency. Particularly, as a 14-membered macrocyclic oxime, 37 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against IAV H1N1 with an EC50 value of 23 nM and low cytotoxicity, which alleviated cytopathic effects and protected cell survival obviously after H1N1 infection. Furthermore, 37 showed significant synergistic activity with neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianju Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fu Xiao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ji Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongliang Xu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiujuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuling Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feili Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weibo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Li Y, Huo S, Yin Z, Tian Z, Huang F, Liu P, Liu Y, Yu F. Retracted and republished from: "The current state of research on influenza antiviral drug development: drugs in clinical trial and licensed drugs". mBio 2024; 15:e0017524. [PMID: 38551343 PMCID: PMC11077966 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00175-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses (IVs) threaten global human health due to the high morbidity, infection, and mortality rates. Currently, the influenza drugs recommended by the Food and Drug Administration are oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir marboxil. These recommended antivirals are currently effective for major subtypes of IVs as the compounds target conserved domains in neuraminidase or polymerase acidic (PA) protein. However, this trend may gradually change due to the selection of antiviral drugs and the natural evolution of IVs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs related to the treatment of influenza to deal with the next pandemic. Here, we summarized the cutting-edge research in mechanism of action, inhibitory activity, and clinical efficacy of drugs that have been approved and drugs that are still in clinical trials for influenza treatment. We hope this review will provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on influenza antivirals and generate hypotheses for screens and development of new broad-spectrum influenza drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbai Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zuguang Tian
- Department of High-Tech Development, Baoding City Science and Technology Bureau, Baoding, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Epidemic Prevention Laboratory, Tongzhou District Center For Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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11
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Lü Z, Dai X, Xu J, Liu Z, Guo Y, Gao Z, Meng F. Medicinal chemistry strategies toward broad-spectrum antiviral agents to prevent next pandemics. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116442. [PMID: 38685143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic and tremendous impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 alert us, despite great achievements in prevention and control of infectious diseases, we still lack universal and powerful antiviral strategies to rapidly respond to the potential threat of serious infectious disease. Various highly contagious and pathogenic viruses, as well as other unknown viruses may appear or reappear in human society at any time, causing a catastrophic epidemic. Developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs with high security and efficiency is of great significance for timely meeting public health emergency and protecting the lives and health of the people. Hence, in this review, we summarized diverse broad-spectrum antiviral targets and corresponding agents from a medicinal chemistry prospective, compared the pharmacological advantages and disadvantages of different targets, listed representative agents, showed their structures, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics characteristics, and conducted a critical discussion on their development potential, in the hope of providing up-to-date guidance for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals and perspectives for applications of antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Lü
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xiandong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Jianjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Fanhua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
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12
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Iyer K, Yan Z, Ross SR. Entry inhibitors as arenavirus antivirals. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1382953. [PMID: 38650890 PMCID: PMC11033450 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1382953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arenaviruses belonging to the Arenaviridae family, genus mammarenavirus, are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses primarily found in rodent species, that cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. With high mortality rates and limited treatment options, the search for effective antivirals is imperative. Current treatments, notably ribavirin and other nucleoside inhibitors, are only partially effective and have significant side effects. The high lethality and lack of treatment, coupled with the absence of vaccines for all but Junín virus, has led to the classification of these viruses as Category A pathogens by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). This review focuses on entry inhibitors as potential therapeutics against mammarenaviruses, which include both New World and Old World arenaviruses. Various entry inhibition strategies, including small molecule inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies, have been explored through high throughput screening, genome-wide studies, and drug repurposing. Notable progress has been made in identifying molecules that target receptor binding, internalization, or fusion steps. Despite promising preclinical results, the translation of entry inhibitors to approved human therapeutics has faced challenges. Many have only been tested in in vitro or animal models, and a number of candidates showed efficacy only against specific arenaviruses, limiting their broader applicability. The widespread existence of arenaviruses in various rodent species and their potential for their zoonotic transmission also underscores the need for rapid development and deployment of successful pan-arenavirus therapeutics. The diverse pool of candidate molecules in the pipeline provides hope for the eventual discovery of a broadly effective arenavirus antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan R. Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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13
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Brady DK, Gurijala AR, Huang L, Hussain AA, Lingan AL, Pembridge OG, Ratangee BA, Sealy TT, Vallone KT, Clements TP. A guide to COVID-19 antiviral therapeutics: a summary and perspective of the antiviral weapons against SARS-CoV-2 infection. FEBS J 2024; 291:1632-1662. [PMID: 36266238 PMCID: PMC9874604 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral therapies are integral in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 (i.e. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Antiviral therapeutics can be divided into categories based on how they combat the virus, including viral entry into the host cell, viral replication, protein trafficking, post-translational processing, and immune response regulation. Drugs that target how the virus enters the cell include: Evusheld, REGEN-COV, bamlanivimab and etesevimab, bebtelovimab, sotrovimab, Arbidol, nitazoxanide, and chloroquine. Drugs that prevent the virus from replicating include: Paxlovid, remdesivir, molnupiravir, favipiravir, ribavirin, and Kaletra. Drugs that interfere with protein trafficking and post-translational processing include nitazoxanide and ivermectin. Lastly, drugs that target immune response regulation include interferons and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone. Antiviral therapies offer an alternative solution for those unable or unwilling to be vaccinated and are a vital weapon in the battle against the global pandemic. Learning more about these therapies helps raise awareness in the general population about the options available to them with respect to aiding in the reduction of the severity of COVID-19 infection. In this 'A Guide To' article, we provide an in-depth insight into the development of antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and their ability to help fight COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drugan K. Brady
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Aashi R. Gurijala
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Liyu Huang
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Ali A. Hussain
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Audrey L. Lingan
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Brina A. Ratangee
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Tristan T. Sealy
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Kyle T. Vallone
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
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14
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Zeng W, Han C, Mohammed S, Li S, Song Y, Sun F, Du Y. Indole-containing pharmaceuticals: targets, pharmacological activities, and SAR studies. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:788-808. [PMID: 38516587 PMCID: PMC10953485 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Indole is a prestigious heterocyclic skeleton widely found in both naturally-occurring and biologically-active compounds. Pharmaceutical agents containing an indole skeleton in their framework possess a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antiviral, antitumor, analgesic, and other therapeutic activities, and many indole-containing drugs have been proven to have excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacological effects. Over the past few decades, the FDA has approved over 40 indole-containing drugs for the treatment of various clinical conditions, and the development of indole-related drugs has attracted significant attention from medicinal chemists. This review aims to provide an overview of all the approved drugs that contain an indole nucleus, focusing on their targets, pharmacological activities, and SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chi Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Sarah Mohammed
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge CB2 3RA Cambridge UK
| | - Fengxia Sun
- Research Center for Chemical Safety & Security and Verification Technology & College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China
| | - Yunfei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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15
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Ren Y, Chen Y, Tang EH, Hu Y, Niu B, Liang H, Xi C, Zhao F, Cao Z. Arbidol attenuates liver fibrosis and activation of hepatic stellate cells by blocking TGF-β1 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176367. [PMID: 38325795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLD) impact over 800 million people globally, causing about 2 million deaths annually. Arbidol (ARB), an indole-derivative used to treat influenza virus infection, was extensively used during COVID-19 pandemic in China. In recent years, studies have shown that ARB, compared to other antiviral drugs, exhibits greater liver-protective efficacy, indicating a potential hepatoprotective effect beyond its antiviral activity. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of ARB on liver injury/fibrosis in bile duct ligated (BDL) mice and its effect on spontaneous and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced activation of primary cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Oral administration of ARB significantly ameliorated BDL-induced liver injury/fibrosis as reflected by decreased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), reduced collagen deposition, and diminished mRNA expression of fibrosis markers. ARB notably inhibited spontaneous and TGF-β1-induced activation of primary cultured HSCs. Moreover, ARB also drastically attenuated mRNA expression levels of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (Pdgfr), transforming growth factor-beta receptor (Tgfbr) 1, Tgfbr2, matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)-2, and Mmp-9 in activated HSCs. We further demonstrate that ARB mitigated Smad2/3 phosphorylation in both TGF-β1 treated HSCs and BDL mice. These data together demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy of ARB on liver fibrosis is independent of its antiviral activity and likely is achieved by blocking TGF-β1 signaling-mediated HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Emily H Tang
- BASIS International School Nanjing, No.18 Lingshan North Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China; Animal Experiment Center of China Pharmaceutical University, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Bo Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Huaduan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chuchu Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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16
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Guo Z, He H, Yang G, Liu K, Xi Y, Li Z, Luo Y, Liao Z, Dao G, Ren X, Huang B, Pan X. The environmental risks of antiviral drug arbidol in eutrophic lake: Interactions with Microcystis aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133609. [PMID: 38310846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The environmental risks resulting from the increasing antivirals in water are largely unknown, especially in eutrophic lakes, where the complex interactions between algae and drugs would alter hazards. Herein, the environmental risks of the antiviral drug arbidol towards the growth and metabolism of Microcystis aeruginosa were comprehensively investigated, as well as its biotransformation mechanism by algae. The results indicated that arbidol was toxic to Microcystis aeruginosa within 48 h, which decreased the cell density, chlorophyll-a, and ATP content. The activation of oxidative stress increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, which caused lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Additionally, the synthesis and release of microcystins were promoted by arbidol. Fortunately, arbidol can be effectively removed by Microcystis aeruginosa mainly through biodegradation (50.5% at 48 h for 1.0 mg/L arbidol), whereas the roles of bioadsorption and bioaccumulation were limited. The biodegradation of arbidol was dominated by algal intracellular P450 enzymes via loss of thiophenol and oxidation, and a higher arbidol concentration facilitated the degradation rate. Interestingly, the toxicity of arbidol was reduced after algal biodegradation, and most of the degradation products exhibited lower toxicity than arbidol. This study revealed the environmental risks and transformation behavior of arbidol in algal bloom waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Gui Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kunqian Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanting Xi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guohua Dao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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17
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Huang W, Liu W, Yu T, Zhang Z, Zhai L, Huang P, Lu Y. Effect of anti-COVID-19 drugs on patients with cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116214. [PMID: 38367490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The clinical treatment of patients with cancer who are also diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a challenging issue since the outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the effects of commonly used drugs for treating COVID-19 in patients with cancer. Hence, this review aims to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of patients with cancer to minimize the losses caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we also focused on the relationship between COVID-19, commonly used drugs for treating COVID-19, and cancer. We specifically investigated the effect of these drugs on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The potential mechanisms of action of these drugs were discussed and evaluated. We found that most of these drugs showed inhibitory effects on tumors, and only in a few cases had cancer-promoting effects. Furthermore, inappropriate usage of these drugs may lead to irreversible kidney and heart damage. Finally, we have clarified the use of different drugs, which can provide useful guidance for the clinical treatment of cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicai Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Lingyun Zhai
- Gynecology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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18
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Wang M, Wang L, Leng P, Guo J, Zhou H. Drugs targeting structural and nonstructural proteins of the chikungunya virus: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129949. [PMID: 38311132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a single positive-stranded RNA virus of the Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus, with a typical lipid bilayer envelope structure, and is the causative agent of human chikungunya fever (CHIKF). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved the first chikungunya vaccine, Ixchiq; however, vaccination rates are low, and CHIKF is prevalent owing to its periodic outbreaks. Thus, developing effective anti-CHIKV drugs in clinical settings is imperative. Viral proteins encoded by the CHIKV genome play vital roles in all stages of infection, and developing therapeutic agents that target these CHIKV proteins is an effective strategy to improve CHIKF treatment efficacy and reduce mortality rates. Therefore, in the present review article, we aimed to investigate the basic structure, function, and replication cycle of CHIKV and comprehensively outline the current status and future advancements in anti-CHIKV drug development, specifically targeting nonstructural (ns) proteins, including nsP1, nsP2, nsP3, and nsP4 and structural proteins such as capsid (C), E3, E2, 6K, and E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China.
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19
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Mia ME, Howlader M, Akter F, Hossain MM. Preclinical and Clinical Investigations of Potential Drugs and Vaccines for COVID-19 Therapy: A Comprehensive Review With Recent Update. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2024; 17:2632010X241263054. [PMID: 39070952 PMCID: PMC11282570 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x241263054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic-led worldwide healthcare crisis necessitates prompt societal, ecological, and medical efforts to stop or reduce the rising number of fatalities. Numerous mRNA based vaccines and vaccines for viral vectors have been licensed for use in emergencies which showed 90% to 95% efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, safety issues, vaccine reluctance, and skepticism remain major concerns for making mass vaccination a successful approach to treat COVID-19. Hence, alternative therapeutics is needed for eradicating the global burden of COVID-19 from developed and low-resource countries. Repurposing current medications and drug candidates could be a more viable option for treating SARS-CoV-2 as these therapies have previously passed a number of significant checkpoints for drug development and patient care. Besides vaccines, this review focused on the potential usage of alternative therapeutic agents including antiviral, antiparasitic, and antibacterial drugs, protease inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies that are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical investigations to assess their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of COVID-19. Among the repurposed drugs, remdesivir is considered as the most promising agent, while favipiravir, molnupiravir, paxlovid, and lopinavir/ritonavir exhibited improved therapeutic effects in terms of elimination of viruses. However, the outcomes of treatment with oseltamivir, umifenovir, disulfiram, teicoplanin, and ivermectin were not significant. It is noteworthy that combining multiple drugs as therapy showcases impressive effectiveness in managing individuals with COVID-19. Tocilizumab is presently employed for the treatment of patients who exhibit COVID-19-related pneumonia. Numerous antiviral drugs such as galidesivir, griffithsin, and thapsigargin are under clinical trials which could be promising for treating COVID-19 individuals with severe symptoms. Supportive treatment for patients of COVID-19 may involve the use of corticosteroids, convalescent plasma, stem cells, pooled antibodies, vitamins, and natural substances. This study provides an updated progress in SARS-CoV-2 medications and a crucial guide for inventing novel interventions against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Easin Mia
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mithu Howlader
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Akter
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Murad Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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20
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Rosli NB, Kwon HJ, Jeong JS. Simultaneous quantification method for multiple antiviral drugs in serum using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123925. [PMID: 37992562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the simultaneous quantification of six antiviral drugs in serum based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The target drugs-hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, favipiravir, umifenovir, ritonavir, and lopinavir-were extracted and purified from serum with 75 % v/v methanol as the precipitant reagent. The six analytes were clearly separated within 15 min using gradient elution and mixed-mode stationary phase. The measurement accuracy and precision were assured by adopting isotopes as internal standards. The optimized measurement procedure was strictly validated in linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. To confirm the robustness of the method in matrix, the method was additionally applied to various types of serum, namely hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic serum. The method was then applied to assess the stability of the drugs in serum in order to set sample handling and storage guides for laboratory testing. Lastly, the method was implemented in different LC-MS systems to confirm its applicability across similar equipment commonly used in clinical testing laboratories. The overall results show that the optimized protocol is suitable for the accurate, simultaneous quantification of the six antiviral drugs in serum, and it is anticipated to satisfactorily serve as a reference protocol for the analysis of a wide range of other antiviral drugs for drug monitoring with various purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordiana Binti Rosli
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Drug and Toxicology Lab, Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
| | - Ha-Jeong Kwon
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Jeong
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Guo Z, He H, Liu K, Yang S, Li Z, Lai C, Liao Z, Ren X, Huang B, Pan X. Sunlight-induced degradation of COVID-19 antivirals arbidol in natural aquatic environments: Mechanisms, pathways and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119113. [PMID: 37769471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Insights into COVID-19 antivirals' environmental fate and ecological risk are urgently required due to their increasing concentrations in aquatic environments, which have rarely been studied. Herein, we first investigated the photochemical transformation and the resulting alterations in toxicity of arbidol, an antiviral drug with relatively higher toxicity. The photolysis of arbidol was rapid with a rate constant of 0.106 min-1 due to its superior ultraviolet light absorption, in which the direct photolysis was predominated with a contribution of 91.5%. Despite its substantial photolysis, only 14.45% of arbidol was mineralized after 100 min, implying that arbidol and its products might have a long-term impact on aquatic environment. It was inferred that arbidol was photolyzed mainly via the loss of thiophenol, bromine, and alkylamine, based on twelve photolytic products identified. Notably, the experimental results demonstrated that the photolysis process increased the acute toxicity of arbidol, and the toxicity prediction indicated that the ecotoxicity of two photolytic products was very high with LC50 values below 0.1 mg/L. Due to the co-effect of multiple constituents, the photolytic rate observed in wastewater treatment plant effluent and in river water was comparable to that in ultra-pure water, while it was slightly enhanced in lake water. The presence of dissolved organic matter suppressed arbidol photolysis, while NO3- exhibited a promotion effect. These results would be of great significance to assess the fate and risk of COVID-19 antivirals in natural aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kunqian Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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22
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Zhu M, Anirudhan V, Du R, Rong L, Cui Q. Influenza virus cell entry and targeted antiviral development. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29181. [PMID: 37930075 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is currently one of the most prevalent and transmissible diseases in the world causing local outbreaks every year. It has the potential to cause devastating global pandemics as well. The development of anti-influenza drugs possessing novel mechanisms of action is urgently needed to control the spread of influenza infections; thus, drugs that inhibit influenza virus entry into target cells are emerging as a hot research topic. In addition to discussing the biological significance of hemagglutinin in viral replication, this article provides recent updates on the natural products, small molecules, proteins, peptides, and neutralizing antibody-like proteins that have anti-influenza potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murong Zhu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Varada Anirudhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruikun Du
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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23
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Li Y, Huo S, Yin Z, Tian Z, Huang F, Liu P, Liu Y, Yu F. The current state of research on influenza antiviral drug development: drugs in clinical trial and licensed drugs. mBio 2023; 14:e0127323. [PMID: 37610204 PMCID: PMC10653855 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01273-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses (IVs) threaten global human health due to the high morbidity, infection, and mortality rates. Currently, the influenza drugs recommended by the FDA are oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir marboxil. Notably, owing to the high variability of IVs, no drug exists that can effectively treat all types and subtypes of IVs. Moreover, the current trend of drug resistance is likely to continue as the viral genome is constantly mutating. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs related to the treatment of influenza to deal with the next pandemic. Here, we summarized the cutting-edge research in mechanism of action, inhibitory activity, and clinical efficacy of drugs that have been approved and drugs that are still in clinical trials for influenza treatment. We hope this review will provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on influenza antivirals and generate hypotheses for screens and development of new broad-spectrum influenza drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbai Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zuguang Tian
- Baoding City Science and Technology Bureau, Baoding, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Tongzhou District Center For Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Girgis AS, Panda SS, Kariuki BM, Bekheit MS, Barghash RF, Aboshouk DR. Indole-Based Compounds as Potential Drug Candidates for SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2023; 28:6603. [PMID: 37764378 PMCID: PMC10537473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to society in recent times, endangering human health, life, and economic well-being. The disease quickly spreads due to the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has undergone numerous mutations. Despite intense research efforts by the scientific community since its emergence in 2019, no effective therapeutics have been discovered yet. While some repurposed drugs have been used to control the global outbreak and save lives, none have proven universally effective, particularly for severely infected patients. Although the spread of the disease is generally under control, anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents are still needed to combat current and future infections. This study reviews some of the most promising repurposed drugs containing indolyl heterocycle, which is an essential scaffold of many alkaloids with diverse bio-properties in various biological fields. The study also discusses natural and synthetic indole-containing compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties and computer-aided drug design (in silico studies) for optimizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 hits/leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; (B.M.K.)
| | - Mohamed S. Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
| | - Reham F. Barghash
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
| | - Dalia R. Aboshouk
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
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25
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Bai X, Xi S, Chen G, Fan X, Wang K, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang W, Tian Y. Multicenter, randomized controlled, open label evaluation of the efficacy and safety of arbidol hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of influenza-like cases. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:585. [PMID: 37674112 PMCID: PMC10483848 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy and safety of arbidol hydrochloride tablets as a treatment for influenza-like diseases. METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, controlled, open label study, a total of 412 influenza-like cases were collected from 14 hospitals in seven regions of Hebei Province from September 2021 to March 2022. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 207) were administered oseltamivir phosphate capsules for five days and the experimental group (n = 205) were administered arbidol hydrochloride tablets for five days. The primary endpoint was the time to normal body temperature, and the secondary endpoints included the time to remission of influenza symptoms, incidence of influenza-like complications, and incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in general conditions, blood routine, body temperature, or symptom severity. After treatment, there was no significant difference between the groups in the mean time to fever remission (59.24 h ± 25.21 vs. 61.05 h ± 29.47) or the mean time to remission of influenza symptoms (57.31 h ± 30.19 vs. 62.02 h ± 32.08). Survival analyses using Log-rank and Wilcoxon bilateral tests showed that there was no significant difference in fever relief time or influenza symptom relief time between the two groups. Regarding the incidence of complications and adverse events, there was only one case of tracheitis, one case of nausea, one case of vomiting, and one case of dizziness in the control group. In the experimental group, there was one case of nausea, one case of vomiting, and one case of drowsiness. In addition, one patient in the control group was hospitalized for urinary calculi. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference between the patients with influenza-like cases treated with arbidol hydrochloride tablets and those treated with oseltamivir phosphate capsules. Further, the patients treated with arbidol hydrochloride tablets had fewer adverse reactions, and thus, the tablets were safe to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Bai
- Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Suya Xi
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guiyan Chen
- Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | | | - Kaiwei Wang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Hengshui, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Qinhuangdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Weizhan Wang
- Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Yingping Tian
- Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
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26
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Zhou H, Xie P, Qiu M, Dong S, Xia X, Yang Z, Yuan Y, Shen L. Arbidol increases the survival rate by mitigating inflammation in suckling mice infected with human coronavirus OC43 virus. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29052. [PMID: 37650132 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) often causes common cold and is able to neuroinvasive, but it can also induce lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) especially in children and the elderly adults with underlying diseases. HCoV-OC43 infections currently have no approved antiviral treatment. Arbidol (ARB) is a broad-spectrum antiviral and is an antiviral medication for the treatment of influenza used in Russia and China. Due to its multiple mechanisms of action, such as inhibition of viral fusion and entry, immunomodulation, and modulation of host cell signaling pathways, ARB has the potential to be an effective treatment option for viral infections. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the activities of ARB against HCoV-OC43 infections. Suckling mice were infected with HCoV-OC43 and treated with ARB (50, 25 and 12.5 mg/kg/d) by gavage once daily for 4 days. the survival rates and body weight were recorded, the viral titer was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, cytokine levels were measured by Bio-Plex assays. Histopathological changes of the lungs and brain were analyzed. Our results show ARB increased the survival rate, reduced viral copy numbers in the lung, mitigated pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and improved brain and lung histopathology significantly without any significant toxicity or side effects in vivo. Our results suggest ARB could be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of HCoV-OC43 while further studies are needed to address these possibilities and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Peifang Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Minshan Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shuwei Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoqin Yuan
- Dongguan Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lihan Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
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27
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Kang Y, Shi Y, Xu S. Arbidol: The current demand, strategies, and antiviral mechanisms. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e984. [PMID: 37647451 PMCID: PMC10461429 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High morbidity and mortality of influenza virus infection have made it become one of the most lethal diseases threatening public health; the lack of drugs with strong antiviral activity against virus strains exacerbates the problem. METHODS Two independent researchers searched relevant studies using Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases from its inception to December 2022. RESULTS Based on the different antiviral mechanisms, current antiviral strategies can be mainly classified into virus-targeting approaches such as neuraminidase inhibitors, matrix protein 2 ion channel inhibitors, polymerase acidic protein inhibitors and other host-targeting antivirals. However, highly viral gene mutation has underscored the necessity of novel antiviral drug development. Arbidol (ARB) is a Russian-made indole-derivative small molecule licensed in Russia and China for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other respiratory viral infections. ARB also has inhibitory effects on many other viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coxsackie virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Hantaan virus, herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. ARB is a promising drug which can not only exert activity against virus at different steps of virus replication cycle, but also directly target on hosts before infection to prevent virus invasion. CONCLUSION ARB is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that inhibits several viruses in vivo and in vitro, with high safety profile and low resistance; the antiviral mechanisms of ARB deserve to be further explored and more high-quality clinical studies are required to establish the efficacy and safety of ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of NeurodegenerationSchool of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of PharmacyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Silu Xu
- Department of PharmacyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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28
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Raghav PK, Mann Z, Ahluwalia SK, Rajalingam R. Potential treatments of COVID-19: Drug repurposing and therapeutic interventions. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 152:1-21. [PMID: 37059487 PMCID: PMC9930377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infection is caused when Spike-protein (S-protein) present on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human cell surface receptor, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This binding facilitates SARS-CoV-2 genome entry into the human cells, which in turn causes infection. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many different therapies have been developed to combat COVID-19, including treatment and prevention. This review is focused on the currently adapted and certain other potential therapies for COVID-19 treatment, which include drug repurposing, vaccines and drug-free therapies. The efficacy of various treatment options is constantly being tested through clinical trials and in vivo studies before they are made medically available to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Raghav
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Simran Kaur Ahluwalia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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Zeng Z. Assessment of the potential value of combining western medicine therapies with traditional chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19: Mechanistic perspectives. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:169-184. [PMID: 37038790 DOI: 10.3233/thc-236015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since early 2020 is one of the most significant global health issues in history. Although there is currently no specific treatment for COVID-19, researchers have provided a whole array of potential treatments, both from the Western medicine approach, which is molecular target and pathogenesis based, and from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) approach, which is based on the exposure to toxins/pathogens and the balance of the body to combat them for recovery. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to find combinations of Western medicine and TCM that may offer better therapeutic efficacy synergystically with a better adverse events profile. The findings of the research may provide a new insight in the development of the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS From the Western medicine perspective, drugs target the mechanisms of viral infection, including the stages of viral entry (Arbidol, Camostat Mesylate, Convalescent Plasma therapy) and viral replication (Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Redemsivir, Ribavirin). Additional therapies target host defenses, preventing cytokine storms (Tocilizumab) and stimulating the immune system (Interferons). On the other hand, TCM also proposed a number of treatment methods for COVID-19 with new scientific approaches identifying their antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. The novel combination of Western medicine and TCM can be proposed by analyzing their respective molecular targets. RESULTS Although TCM is not generally accepted in the Western community because of the general lack of knowledge on their detailed mechanisms, studies and clinical trials suggest that TCM could be beneficial in combating COVID-19. CONCLUSION Based on the principle of combining TCM and Western medicine, two combinations are tested effective in clinical trials, and three possible combinations that might be effective are proposed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Zeng
- International Department, The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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30
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Luo J, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Gao R. A Comparison of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Vaccinal and Antiviral Drug Development between Influenza and COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076369. [PMID: 37047339 PMCID: PMC10094131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronavirus, two kinds of pathogens that exist widely in nature, are common emerging pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections in humans. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged, causing a severe respiratory infection named COVID-19 in humans, and raising a global pandemic which has persisted in the world for almost three years. Influenza virus, a seasonally circulating respiratory pathogen, has caused four global pandemics in humans since 1918 by the emergence of novel variants. Studies have shown that there are certain similarities in transmission mode and pathogenesis between influenza and COVID-19, and vaccination and antiviral drugs are considered to have positive roles as well as several limitations in the prevention and control of both diseases. Comparative understandings would be helpful to the prevention and control of these diseases. Here, we review the study progress in the etiology, pathogenesis, vaccine and antiviral drug development for the two diseases.
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31
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Kumari R, Sharma SD, Kumar A, Ende Z, Mishina M, Wang Y, Falls Z, Samudrala R, Pohl J, Knight PR, Sambhara S. Antiviral Approaches against Influenza Virus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0004022. [PMID: 36645300 PMCID: PMC10035319 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00040-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing and controlling influenza virus infection remains a global public health challenge, as it causes seasonal epidemics to unexpected pandemics. These infections are responsible for high morbidity, mortality, and substantial economic impact. Vaccines are the prophylaxis mainstay in the fight against influenza. However, vaccination fails to confer complete protection due to inadequate vaccination coverages, vaccine shortages, and mismatches with circulating strains. Antivirals represent an important prophylactic and therapeutic measure to reduce influenza-associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk populations. Here, we review current FDA-approved influenza antivirals with their mechanisms of action, and different viral- and host-directed influenza antiviral approaches, including immunomodulatory interventions in clinical development. Furthermore, we also illustrate the potential utility of machine learning in developing next-generation antivirals against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumari
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suresh D. Sharma
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary Ende
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), CDC Fellowship Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zackary Falls
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ram Samudrala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul R. Knight
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Chen WC, Bai R, Cheng WL, Peng CY, Reddy DM, Badsara SS, Lee CF. Base-mediated chalcogenoaminative annulation of 2-alkynylanilines for direct access to 3-sulfenyl/selenyl-1 H-indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3002-3013. [PMID: 36942565 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and transition metal-free synthesis of 3-sulfenyl/selenyl-1H-indoles via a base-assisted chalcogenoaminative annulation of 2-alkynyl aniline with disulfides/diselenides is described. A series of 2-alkynylanilines were found compatible with dichalcogenides in this transformation providing 3-sulfenyl/selenyl-1H-indoles in good to excellent yields. The presented methodology has the advantages of easily available raw materials, functional group tolerance, and a wide range of substrates that provide access to 3-sulfenylindoles and 3-selenylindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
| | - Rekha Bai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
| | - Wan-Lin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Yu Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
| | | | - Satpal Singh Badsara
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Chin-Fa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Medicinal chemistry strategies in the discovery and optimization of HBV core protein allosteric modulators (2018–2022 update). CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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Zhao J, Li Y, Chen R, Xu Y, Yang Q, Zhang H, Yin Z, Gu W, Hu J, Chen L, Li J, Ning G, Cheng Q, Zhou M, Qu J. Real-world experience of arbidol for Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:452-461. [PMID: 36910077 PMCID: PMC9992600 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background At a crucial time with the rapid spread of Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus variant globally, we conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arbidol tablets in the treatment of this variant. Methods From Mar 26 to April 26, 2022, we conducted a prospective, open-labeled, controlled, and investigator-initiated trial involving adult patients with confirmed Omicron variant infection. Patients with asymptomatic or mild clinical status were stratified 1:2 to receive either standard-of-care (SOC) or SOC plus arbidol tablets (oral administration of 200 mg per time, three times a day for 5 days). The primary endpoint was the negative conversion rate within the first week. Results A total of 367 patients were enrolled in the study; 246 received arbidol tablet treatment, and 121 were in the control group. The negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week in patients receiving arbidol tablets was significantly higher than that of the SOC group [47.2% (116/246) vs. 35.5% (43/121); odds ratio (OR), 1.619; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034-2.535; P=0.035]. Compared to those in the SOC group, patients receiving arbidol tablets had a shorter negative conversion time [median 8.3 vs. 10.0 days; hazard ratio (HR), 0.645; 95% CI: 0.516-0.808; P<0.001], and a shorter duration of hospitalization (median 11.4 vs. 13.7 days; HR, 1.214; 95% CI: 0.966-1.526; P<0.001). Moreover, the addition of arbidol tablets led to better recovery of declined blood lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts. The most common adverse event (AE) was transaminase elevation in patients treated with arbidol tablets (3/246, 1.2%). No one withdrew from the study due to AEs or disease progression. Conclusions As a whole, arbidol may represent an effective and safe treatment in asymptomatic-mild patients suffering from Omicron variant during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengxin Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Hu
- Department of Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qijian Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
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Zhang S, Xue X, Qiao S, Jia L, Wen X, Wang Y, Wang C, Li H, Cui J. Umifenovir Epigenetically Targets the IL-10 Pathway in Therapy against Coxsackievirus B4 Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0424822. [PMID: 36541788 PMCID: PMC9927110 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04248-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Umifenovir, a broad-spectrum nonnucleoside antiviral drug, has a promising efficacy against coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) infection, but its mechanism remains unclear. CVB4 is a common human single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Picornaviridae family and the Enterovirus genus. Enterovirus can cause severe diseases, such as meningitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, insulin-dependent diabetes, and several other diseases, in both adults and children. We have previously demonstrated the critical role of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in promoting CVB4 infection and the downregulation of IL-10 by umifenovir. To further explore the underlying mechanisms of umifenovir, we characterized the epigenetic regulation of IL-10 in IL-10 knockout RAW264.7 cells and a BALB/c mouse splenocyte model. Mechanistically, we found that umifenovir inhibited CVB4-activated IL-10 by enhancing the methylation level of the repressive histones H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 while reducing the acetylation level of the activating histone H3K9ac in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene. Furthermore, using a chromosome conformation capture approach, we discovered that CVB4 infection activated the IL-10 gene by forming an intrachromosomal interaction between the IL-10 gene promoter and an intronic enhancer of the downstream MK2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK]-activated protein kinase 2 [MAPKAPK2]) gene, a critical component of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway, which is required for IL-10 gene expression. However, umifenovir treatment abolished this spatial conformation and chromatin interaction, thus reducing the continuous expression of IL-10 and subsequent CVB4 replication. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel epigenetic mechanism by which umifenovir controls CVB4 infections, thus laying a theoretical foundation for therapeutic use of umifenovir. IMPORTANCE Viral infections are major threats to human health because of their strong association with a variety of inflammation-related diseases, especially cancer. Many antiviral drugs are performing poorly in treating viral infections. This is probably due to the immunosuppressive effect of highly expressed IL-10, which is caused by viral infection. Umifenovir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug. Our recent studies showed that umifenovir has a significant inhibitory effect on CVB4 infection and can reduce IL-10 expression caused by CVB4. However, another antiviral drug, rupintrivir, showed good antiviral activity but had no effect on the expression of IL-10. This suggests that the regulation of IL-10 expression is a key part of the antiviral mechanism of umifenovir. Therefore, due to the dual function of the inhibition of CVB4 replication and the regulation of immune antiviral pathway, the mechanism of umifenovir is of great value to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sennan Qiao
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Li
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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Jones JC, Yen HL, Adams P, Armstrong K, Govorkova EA. Influenza antivirals and their role in pandemic preparedness. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105499. [PMID: 36567025 PMCID: PMC9852030 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Effective antivirals provide crucial benefits during the early phase of an influenza pandemic, when vaccines are still being developed and manufactured. Currently, two classes of viral protein-targeting drugs, neuraminidase inhibitors and polymerase inhibitors, are approved for influenza treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis. Resistance to both classes has been documented, highlighting the need to develop novel antiviral options that may include both viral and host-targeted inhibitors. Such efforts will form the basis of management of seasonal influenza infections and of strategic planning for future influenza pandemics. This review focuses on the two classes of approved antivirals, their drawbacks, and ongoing work to characterize novel agents or combination therapy approaches to address these shortcomings. The importance of these topics in the ongoing process of influenza pandemic planning is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Yen
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Peter Adams
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberly Armstrong
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elena A Govorkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Gong X, Khan A, Wani MY, Ahmad A, Duse A. COVID-19: A state of art on immunological responses, mutations, and treatment modalities in riposte. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:233-249. [PMID: 36603376 PMCID: PMC9798670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) unleashed a global public health catastrophe that had a substantial influence on human physical and mental health, the global economy, and socio-political dynamics. SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory pathogen and the cause of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which testified how unprepared humans are for pandemics. Scientists and policymakers continue to face challenges in developing ideal therapeutic agents and vaccines, while at the same time deciphering the pathology and immunology of SARS-CoV-2. Challenges in the early part of the pandemic included the rapid development of diagnostic assays, vaccines, and therapeutic agents. The ongoing transmission of COVID-19 is coupled with the emergence of viral variants that differ in their transmission efficiency, virulence, and vaccine susceptibility, thus complicating the spread of the pandemic. Our understanding of how the human immune system responds to these viruses as well as the patient groups (such as the elderly and immunocompromised individuals) who are often more susceptible to serious illness have both been aided by this epidemic. COVID-19 causes different symptoms to occur at different stages of infection, making it difficult to determine distinct treatment regimens employed for the various clinical phases of the disease. Unsurprisingly, determining the efficacy of currently available medications and developing novel therapeutic strategies have been a process of trial and error. The global scientific community collaborated to research and develop vaccines at a neck-breaking speed. This review summarises the overall picture of the COVID-19 pandemic, different mutations in SARS-CoV-2, immune response, and the treatment modalities against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Gong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amber Khan
- Department of Clinical Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mohmmad Younus Wani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Division of Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa,Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adriano Duse
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Division of Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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KUCUK C, YURDAKUL S, ÖZDEMIR N, ERDEM B. Crystal structure, vibrational spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and DFT analyses with antibacterial activity studies on silver nitrate complex of 5-iodoindole. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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A Clinical Insight on New Discovered Molecules and Repurposed Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020332. [PMID: 36851211 PMCID: PMC9967525 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began churning out incredulous terror in December 2019. Within several months from its first detection in Wuhan, SARS-CoV-2 spread to the rest of the world through droplet infection, making it a pandemic situation and a healthcare emergency across the globe. The available treatment of COVID-19 was only symptomatic as the disease was new and no approved drug or vaccine was available. Another challenge with COVID-19 was the continuous mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Some repurposed drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and remdesivir, received emergency use authorization in various countries, but their clinical use is compromised with either severe and fatal adverse effects or nonavailability of sufficient clinical data. Molnupiravir was the first molecule approved for the treatment of COVID-19, followed by Paxlovid™, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and others. New molecules have variable therapeutic efficacy against different variants or strains of SARS-CoV-2, which require further investigations. The aim of this review is to provide in-depth information on new molecules and repurposed drugs with emphasis on their general description, mechanism of action (MOA), correlates of protection, dose and dosage form, route of administration, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and marketing authorizations.
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Winter SL, Chlanda P. The Art of Viral Membrane Fusion and Penetration. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:113-152. [PMID: 38159225 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As obligate pathogens, viruses have developed diverse mechanisms to deliver their genome across host cell membranes to sites of virus replication. While enveloped viruses utilize viral fusion proteins to accomplish fusion of their envelope with the cellular membrane, non-enveloped viruses rely on machinery that causes local membrane ruptures and creates an opening through which the capsid or viral genome is released. Both membrane fusion and membrane penetration take place at the plasma membrane or in intracellular compartments, often involving the engagement of the cellular machinery and antagonism of host restriction factors. Enveloped and non-enveloped viruses have evolved intricate mechanisms to enable virus uncoating and modulation of membrane fusion in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. This chapter summarizes and discusses the current state of understanding of the mechanisms of viral membrane fusion and penetration. The focus is on the role of lipids, viral scaffold uncoating, viral membrane fusion inhibitors, and host restriction factors as physicochemical modulators. In addition, recent advances in visualizing and detecting viral membrane fusion and penetration using cryo-electron microscopy methods are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Winter
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petr Chlanda
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kumar A, Sharma A, Tirpude NV, Thakur S, Kumar S. Combating the Progression of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Infectious Disease: Current State and Future Prospects in Molecular Diagnostics and Drug Discovery. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:127-146. [PMID: 34344288 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210803154250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A highly infectious and life-threatening virus was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, and it rapidly spread all over the world. This novel virus belongs to the coronavirus family and is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), causing respiratory disease known as COVID-19. In March 2020, WHO has declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic. Its morbidity and mortality rates are swiftly rising day by day, with the situation becoming more severe and fatal for the comorbid population. Many COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic, but they silently spread the infection. There is a need for proper screening of infected patients to prevent the epidemic transmission of disease and for early curative interventions to reduce the risk of developing severe complications from COVID-19. To date, the diagnostic assays are of two categories, molecular detection of viral genetic material by real-time RTpolymerase chain reaction and serological test, which relies on detecting antiviral antibodies. Unfortunately, there are no effective prophylactics and therapeutics available against COVID-19. However, a few drugs have shown promising antiviral activity against it, and these presently are being referred for clinical trials, albeit FDA has issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the emergency use of a few drugs for SARSCoV- 2 infection. This review provides an insight into current progress, challenges and future prospects of laboratory detection methods of COVID-19, and highlights the clinical stage of the major evidence-based drugs/vaccines recommended against the novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbind Kumar
- COVID-19 Testing Facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource& Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Aashish Sharma
- COVID-19 Testing Facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource& Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Narendra Vijay Tirpude
- COVID-19 Testing Facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource& Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Sharad Thakur
- COVID-19 Testing Facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource& Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- COVID-19 Testing Facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource& Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
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Zemskov DN, Balykova LA, Radaeva OA, Zaslavskaya KY, Bely PA, Semenova EV, Shirmankina MV, Koryanova KN. CURRENT ASPECTS OF ETIOTROPIC COVID-19 THERAPY. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-5-432-445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the pandemic, repeated attempts have been made to develop etiotropic therapy for a novel coronavirus infection. Hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, etc. derivatives were used as antiviral agents, however, they demonstrated a low efficiency and an insufficient safety. In this connection, other groups of drugs with a more effective and safe pharmacological profile are currently being actively used.The aim of the study was to analyze the literature references on the efficacy and safety of antiviral drugs for the COVID-19 treatment.Materials and methods. When searching for the materials for the review article writing, such abstract databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, e-Library were used. The search was carried out on publications for the period from January 2020 to september 2022. The key queries were: COVID-19, etiotropic therapy; immunological drugs; antiviral drugs; interferons.Results. Currently, there are various degrees of effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The review has considered a few groups of drugs that are of interest from the point of view of etiotropic therapy: immunological drugs (anticovid plasma, the drugs based on antiviral antibodies, the drugs of recombinant interferons-α2 and -β1, as well as interferon inducers, i.e., the drugs based on double-stranded RNA sodium salt, and others); drugs that block the penetration of the virus into the cell (umifenovir); the drugs that disrupt the process of the viral replication (favipiravir, remdesivir, molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir).Conclusion. Synthetic antivirals, in particular favipiravir, molnupiravir, remdesivir, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, have the largest evidence base for their efficacy and safety. The search for new effective and safe etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, as well as the collection and analysis of post-registration data on the drugs already used in clinical practice, continues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - P. A. Bely
- Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University
| | | | | | - K. N. Koryanova
- Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute – branch of Volgograd State Medical University
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García-Salazar G, Urbán-Morlán Z, Mendoza-Elvira S, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Mendoza S. Broad Antiviral Spectrum of Glycyrrhizic Acid for Human and Veterinary Medicine: Reality or Fiction? Intervirology 2022; 66:41-53. [PMID: 36455522 PMCID: PMC10015762 DOI: 10.1159/000528198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging virus infections provoke health problems in people and animals, which generate social and economic issues worldwide. This has spurred the search for new pharmacological strategies to confront them. SUMMARY The purpose of this review is to draw the reader's attention to pharmacological evaluations of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and its analogs on the broad range of viruses known in human and veterinary medicine. GA is the main water-soluble constituent extracted from the roots of plants from the genus Glycyrrhiza, commonly known as licorice root. It has long been used due to its broad spectrum of bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antitumor properties. It has also been proposed as an antiviral agent. Medicines derived from GA are currently being used to combat acute and chronic hepatitis and herpes viruses. KEY MESSAGES This review suggests that GA could be a new broad-spectrum antiviral due to its ability to inhibit DNA or RNA viruses both in vitro and in vivo. GA could be a potential drug for preventing and/or treating various viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto García-Salazar
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico,
| | - Zaida Urbán-Morlán
- Facultad de Química, Centro de Información de Medicamentos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Susana Mendoza-Elvira
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Virología de las Enfermedades Respiratorias del Cerdo, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Quintanar-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Mendoza
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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Wang J, Sun Y, Liu S. Emerging antiviral therapies and drugs for the treatment of influenza. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2022; 27:389-403. [PMID: 36396398 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2022.2149734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both vaccines and antiviral drugs represent the mainstay for preventing and treating influenza. However, approved M2 ion channel inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, and various vaccines cannot meet therapeutic needs because of viral resistance. Thus, the discovery of new targets for the virus or host and the development of more effective inhibitors are essential to protect humans from the influenza virus. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the latest progress in vaccines and antiviral drug research to prevent and treat influenza, providing the foothold for developing novel antiviral inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Vaccines embody the most effective approach to preventing influenza virus infection, and recombinant protein vaccines show promising prospects in developing next-generation vaccines. Compounds targeting the viral components of RNA polymerase, hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein, and the modification of trusted neuraminidase inhibitors are future research directions for anti-influenza virus drugs. In addition, some host factors affect the replication of virus in vivo, which can be used to develop antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yihang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Sharun K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Natesan S, Megawati D, Singh KP, Michalak I, Dhama K. A comprehensive review on pharmacologic agents, immunotherapies and supportive therapeutics for COVID-19. NARRA J 2022; 2:e92. [PMID: 38449903 PMCID: PMC10914132 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected many countries throughout the world. As urgency is a necessity, most efforts have focused on identifying small molecule drugs that can be repurposed for use as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Although several drug candidates have been identified using in silico method and in vitro studies, most of these drugs require the support of in vivo data before they can be considered for clinical trials. Several drugs are considered promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19. In addition to the direct-acting antiviral drugs, supportive therapies including traditional Chinese medicine, immunotherapies, immunomodulators, and nutritional therapy could contribute a major role in treating COVID-19 patients. Some of these drugs have already been included in the treatment guidelines, recommendations, and standard operating procedures. In this article, we comprehensively review the approved and potential therapeutic drugs, immune cells-based therapies, immunomodulatory agents/drugs, herbs and plant metabolites, nutritional and dietary for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mohd I. Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Opp to Airforce station HQ, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dewi Megawati
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Karam P. Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Abstract
Lassa Fever (LF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa. LF begins with flu-like symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other common endemic diseases such as malaria, dengue, and yellow fever making it hard to diagnose clinically. Availability of a rapid diagnostic test and other serological and molecular assays facilitates accurate diagnosis of LF. Lassa virus therapeutics are currently in different stages of preclinical development. Arevirumab, a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies, demonstrates a great safety and efficacy profile in non-human primates. Major efforts have been made in the development of a Lassa virus vaccine. Two vaccine candidates, MeV-NP and pLASV-GPC are undergoing evaluation in phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia I Melnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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47
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Yang F, He GC, Sun SH, Song TT, Min XT, Ji DW, Guo SY, Chen QA. Selective C-S Bond Constructions Using Inorganic Sulfurs via Photoinduced Electron Donor-Acceptor Activation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14241-14249. [PMID: 36219805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By complementing traditional transition metal catalysis, photoinduced catalysis has emerged as a versatile and sustainable way to achieve carbon-heteroatom bond formation. This work discloses a visible-light-induced reaction for the formation of a C-S bond from aryl halides and inorganic sulfuration agents via electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex photocatalysis. Divergent formations of organic sulfide and disulfide have been demonstrated under mild conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that visible-light-induced intracomplex charge transfer within the monosulfide-anion-containing EDA complex permits the C-S bond construction reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gu-Cheng He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shao-Han Sun
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ting-Ting Song
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiang-Ting Min
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shi-Yu Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Rani M, Utreja D, Dhillon NK, Kaur K. A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methane Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Nematicidal Activity against the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9749629 DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, 141027 Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - D. Utreja
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, 141027 Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - N. K. Dhillon
- Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, 141027 Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - K. Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, 141027 Ludhiana, Punjab India
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49
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Yang N, Lu X, Jiang Y, Zhao L, Wang D, Wei Y, Yu Y, Kim MO, Laster KV, Li X, Yuan B, Dong Z, Liu K. Arbidol inhibits human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo through suppressing ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein kinase. eLife 2022; 11:73953. [PMID: 36082941 PMCID: PMC9512399 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human esophageal cancer has a global impact on human health due to its high incidence and mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat or prevent the prominent pathological subtype of esophageal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Based upon the screening of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, we discovered that Arbidol could effectively inhibit the proliferation of human ESCC in vitro. Next, we conducted a series of cell-based assays and found that Arbidol treatment inhibited the proliferation and colony formation ability of ESCC cells and promoted G1-phase cell cycle arrest. Phosphoproteomics experiments, in vitro kinase assays and pull-down assays were subsequently performed in order to identify the underlying growth inhibitory mechanism. We verified that Arbidol is a potential ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibitor via binding to ATR kinase to reduce the phosphorylation and activation of minichromosome maintenance protein 2 at Ser108. Finally, we demonstrated Arbidol had the inhibitory effect of ESCC in vivo by a patient-derived xenograft model. All together, Arbidol inhibits the proliferation of ESCC in vitro and in vivo through the DNA replication pathway and is associated with the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Xuebo Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Donghao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Yaxing Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Yin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University
| | | | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Baoyin Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University
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50
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Kaur I, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Subramanian V, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK, Sekar M, Dailah HG, Alsubayiel AM, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. A motley of possible therapies of the COVID-19: reminiscing the origin of the pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67685-67703. [PMID: 35933528 PMCID: PMC9362373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 outbreak of corona virus disease began from Wuhan (China), transforming into a leading pandemic, posing an immense threat to the global population. The WHO coined the term nCOVID-19 for the disease on 11th February, 2020 and the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses named it SARS-CoV-2, on account of its similarity with SARS-CoV-1 of 2003. The infection is associated with fever, cough, pneumonia, lung damage, and ARDS along with clinical implications of lung opacities. Brief understanding of the entry target of virus, i.e., ACE2 receptors has enabled numerous treatment options as discussed in this review. The manuscript provides a holistic picture of treatment options in COVID-19, such as non-specific anti-viral drugs, immunosuppressive agents, anti-inflammatory candidates, anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, antibodies and anti-parasitic, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, anti-retroviral, vitamins and hormones, JAK inhibitors, and blood plasma therapy. The text targets to enlist the investigations conducted on all the above categories of drugs, with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic, to accelerate their significance in hindering the disease progression. The data collected primarily targets recently published articles and most recent records of clinical trials, focusing on the last 10-year database. The current review provides a comprehensive view on the critical need of finding a suitable treatment for the currently prevalent COVID-19 disease, and an opportunity for the researchers to investigate the varying possibilities to find and optimized treatment approach to mitigate and ameliorate the chaos created by the pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Center of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Center of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine, Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alsubayiel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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