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Ahi EP, Panda B, Primmer CR. The hippo pathway: a molecular bridge between environmental cues and pace of life. BMC Ecol Evol 2025; 25:35. [PMID: 40275190 PMCID: PMC12020181 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-025-02378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
The pace of life (POL) is shaped by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, influencing growth, maturation, and lifespan across species. The Hippo signaling pathway, a key regulator of organ size and cellular homeostasis, has emerged as a central integrator of environmental cues that modulate POL traits. In this review, we explore how the Hippo pathway links environmental factors-such as temperature fluctuations and dietary energy availability-to molecular mechanisms governing metabolic balance, hormonal signaling, and reproductive timing. Specifically, we highlight the regulatory interactions between the Hippo pathway and metabolic sensors (AMPK, mTOR, SIRT1 and DLK1-Notch), as well as hormonal signals (IGF-1, kisspeptin, leptin, cortisol, thyroid and sex steroids), which together orchestrate key life-history traits, including growth rates, lifespan and sexual maturation, with a particular emphasis on their role in reproductive timing. Furthermore, we consider its role as a potential coordinator of POL-related molecular processes, such as telomere dynamics and epigenetic mechanisms, within a broader regulatory network. By integrating insights from molecular biology and eco-evolutionary perspectives, we propose future directions to dissect the Hippo pathway's role in POL regulation across taxa. Understanding these interactions will provide new perspectives on how organisms adaptively adjust life-history strategies in response to environmental variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Bineet Panda
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Glazier DS. Does death drive the scaling of life? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2025; 100:586-619. [PMID: 39611289 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
The magnitude of many kinds of biological structures and processes scale with organismal size, often in regular ways that can be described by power functions. Traditionally, many of these "biological scaling" relationships have been explained based on internal geometric, physical, and energetic constraints according to universal natural laws, such as the "surface law" and "3/4-power law". However, during the last three decades it has become increasingly apparent that biological scaling relationships vary greatly in response to various external (environmental) factors. In this review, I propose and provide several lines of evidence supporting a new ecological perspective that I call the "mortality theory of ecology" (MorTE). According to this viewpoint, mortality imposes time limits on the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Accordingly, small, vulnerable organisms subject to high mortality due to predation and other environmental hazards have evolved faster, shorter lives than larger, more protected organisms. A MorTE also includes various corollary, size-related internal and external causative factors (e.g. intraspecific resource competition, geometric surface area to volume effects on resource supply/transport and the protection of internal tissues from environmental hazards, internal homeostatic regulatory systems, incidence of pathogens and parasites, etc.) that impact the scaling of life. A mortality-centred approach successfully predicts the ranges of body-mass scaling slopes observed for many kinds of biological and ecological traits. Furthermore, I argue that mortality rate should be considered the ultimate (evolutionary) driver of the scaling of life, that is expressed in the context of other proximate (functional) drivers such as information-based biological regulation and spatial (geometric) and energetic (metabolic) constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Glazier
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, 16652, USA
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3
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Johnston MJ, Rakoczy SG, Thompson LV, Brown-Borg HM. Growth hormone-deficient Ames dwarf mice resist sarcopenia and exhibit enhanced endurance running performance at 24 months. GeroScience 2025:10.1007/s11357-025-01630-9. [PMID: 40140153 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-025-01630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Ames dwarf mice (df/df) live 50% longer than normal littermates due to a genetic defect in growth hormone (GH) signaling. The enhanced longevity of Ames dwarfs has been studied extensively in an endocrinological context of cellular metabolism and increased resistance to oxidative stress (Bartke. World J Mens Health 37(1):19, 8; Bartke 2; BartkeJ Am Aging Assoc 23(4):219, 10; Bartke. World J Mens Health 39(3):454-465, 11; Brown-Borg et al. Nature 384(6604):33-33, 1; Masternak et al. 2018). However, the skeletal muscle system is relatively unexplored, the quality of which dictates metabolic homeostasis, permits movement and exercise, and exerts paracrine effects on other organs (Delmonico and Beck Am J Lifestyle Med 11(2):167-181, 25; Evans et al. GeroScience 46(1):183, 26; Kim and Kim. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 35(1):1-6, 15; Masternak et al. 2018). Here, we characterize the fitness capacity and skeletal muscle morphology of Ames mice to determine if previously established longevous effects of GH deficiency extend to skeletal muscle tissue. Mutually exclusive, age-matched cohorts of male Ames mice and wildtype controls performed grip strength, rotarod, and endurance running experiments over 6 months. The largest difference in physical performance was observed in endurance running capacity, where dwarf mice outperformed wildtype controls increasingly with age. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were evaluated for myofiber size, quality, and environment. Ames mice show reduced myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) paired with increased myofibers per muscle. Dwarf myofiber populations are less heterogenous in size and seemingly resist sarcopenia, as skeletal muscle from aged individuals shows youthful morphological resemblance in mean myofiber CSA, size frequency distribution, and presence of fibrotic tissue. Declines in fitness performance and myofiber integrity were observable in age-matched wildtype controls. Utilizing an established longevity model to investigate skeletal muscle function and morphology is a novel approach to gaining insight into the seemingly inverse relationship between GH signaling and mammalian longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Johnston
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of North Dakota, 504 Hamline St., Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Sharlene G Rakoczy
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of North Dakota, 504 Hamline St., Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | | | - Holly M Brown-Borg
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of North Dakota, 504 Hamline St., Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
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Huang A, Yeum D, Sewaybricker LE, Aleksic S, Thomas M, Melhorn SJ, Earley YF, Schur EA. Update on Hypothalamic Inflammation and Gliosis: Expanding Evidence of Relevance Beyond Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2025; 14:6. [PMID: 39775194 PMCID: PMC11963668 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate the role of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis in human obesity pathogenesis and other disease processes influenced by obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies using established and novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess alterations in hypothalamic microarchitecture in humans support the presence of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis in adults and children with obesity. Studies also identify prenatal exposure to maternal obesity or diabetes as a risk factor for hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis and increased obesity risk in offspring. Hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis have been further implicated in reproductive dysfunction (specifically polycystic ovarian syndrome and male hypogonadism), cardiovascular disease namely hypertension, and alterations in the gut microbiome, and may also accelerate neurocognitive aging. The most recent translational studies support the link between hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis and obesity pathogenesis in humans and expand our understanding of its influence on broader aspects of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dabin Yeum
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sandra Aleksic
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Melbin Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan J Melhorn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yumei Feng Earley
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ellen A Schur
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Aleksic S, Fleysher R, Weiss EF, Tal N, Darby T, Blumen HM, Vazquez J, Ye KQ, Gao T, Siegel SM, Barzilai N, Lipton ML, Milman S. Hypothalamic MRI-derived microstructure is associated with neurocognitive aging in humans. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 141:102-112. [PMID: 38850591 PMCID: PMC11295133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis across the lifespan and is emerging as a regulator of aging. In murine models, aging-related changes in the hypothalamus, including microinflammation and gliosis, promote accelerated neurocognitive decline. We investigated relationships between hypothalamic microstructure and features of neurocognitive aging, including cortical thickness and cognition, in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults (age range 65-97 years, n=124). Hypothalamic microstructure was evaluated with two magnetic resonance imaging diffusion metrics: mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), using a novel image processing pipeline. Hypothalamic MD was cross-sectionally positively associated with age and it was negatively associated with cortical thickness. Hypothalamic FA, independent of cortical thickness, was cross-sectionally positively associated with neurocognitive scores. An exploratory analysis of longitudinal neurocognitive performance suggested that lower hypothalamic FA may predict cognitive decline. No associations between hypothalamic MD, age, and cortical thickness were identified in a younger control cohort (age range 18-63 years, n=99). To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that hypothalamic microstructure is associated with features of neurocognitive aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aleksic
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Roman Fleysher
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Erica F Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Noa Tal
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Darby
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Helena M Blumen
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Juan Vazquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kenny Q Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tina Gao
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Shira M Siegel
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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6
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Islam MA, Sehar U, Sultana OF, Mukherjee U, Brownell M, Kshirsagar S, Reddy PH. SuperAgers and centenarians, dynamics of healthy ageing with cognitive resilience. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111936. [PMID: 38657874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Graceful healthy ageing and extended longevity is the most desired goal for human race. The process of ageing is inevitable and has a profound impact on the gradual deterioration of our physiology and health since it triggers the onset of many chronic conditions like dementia, osteoporosis, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. However, some people who lived/live more than 100 years called 'Centenarians" and how do they achieve their extended lifespans are not completely understood. Studying these unknown factors of longevity is important not only to establish a longer human lifespan but also to manage and treat people with shortened lifespans suffering from age-related morbidities. Furthermore, older adults who maintain strong cognitive function are referred to as "SuperAgers" and may be resistant to risk factors linked to cognitive decline. Investigating the mechanisms underlying their cognitive resilience may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies that support the preservation of cognitive function as people age. The key to a long, physically, and cognitively healthy life has been a mystery to scientists for ages. Developments in the medical sciences helps us to a better understanding of human physiological function and greater access to medical care has led us to an increase in life expectancy. Moreover, inheriting favorable genetic traits and adopting a healthy lifestyle play pivotal roles in promoting longer and healthier lives. Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking contribute to overall well-being. The synergy between positive lifestyle choices, access to education, socio-economic factors, environmental determinants and genetic supremacy enhances the potential for a longer and healthier life. Our article aims to examine the factors associated with healthy ageing, particularly focusing on cognitive health in centenarians. We will also be discussing different aspects of ageing including genomic instability, metabolic burden, oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, immunosenescence, and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Omme Fatema Sultana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Malcolm Brownell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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7
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Xing Y, Xuan F, Wang K, Zhang H. Aging under endocrine hormone regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1223529. [PMID: 37600699 PMCID: PMC10433899 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1223529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process in which the environment interacts with the body to cause a progressive decline in effective physiological function. Aging in the human body can lead to a dysfunction of the vital organ systems, resulting in the onset of age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, which can seriously affect an individual's quality of life. The endocrine system acts on specific targets through hormones and related major functional factors in its pathways, which play biological roles in coordinating cellular interactions, metabolism, growth, and aging. Aging is the result of a combination of many pathological, physiological, and psychological processes, among which the endocrine system can achieve a bidirectional effect on the aging process by regulating the hormone levels in the body. In this paper, we explored the mechanisms of growth hormone, thyroid hormone, and estrogen in the aging process to provide a reference for the exploration of endocrine mechanisms related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huifeng Zhang
- Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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8
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Kim HS, Jang S, Kim J. Genome-Wide Integrative Transcriptional Profiling Identifies Age-Associated Signatures in Dogs. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1131. [PMID: 37372311 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals experience similar stages of embryonic development, birth, infancy, youth, adolescence, maturity, and senescence. While embryonic developmental processes have been extensively researched, many molecular mechanisms regulating the different life stages after birth, such as aging, remain unresolved. We investigated the conserved and global molecular transitions in transcriptional remodeling with age in dogs of 15 breeds, which revealed that genes underlying hormone level regulation and developmental programs were differentially regulated during aging. Subsequently, we show that the candidate genes associated with tumorigenesis also exhibit age-dependent DNA methylation patterns, which might have contributed to the tumor state through inhibiting the plasticity of cell differentiation processes during aging, and ultimately suggesting the molecular events that link the processes of aging and cancer. These results highlight that the rate of age-related transcriptional remodeling is influenced not only by the lifespan, but also by the timing of critical physiological milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Jang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zheng Y, Karnoub AE. Endocrine regulation of cancer stem cell compartments in breast tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111374. [PMID: 34242715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells within breast tumors exist within a hierarchy in which only a small and rare subset of cells is able to regenerate growths with the heterogeneity of the original tumor. These highly malignant cancer cells, which behave like stem cells for new cancers and are called "cancer stem cells" or CSCs, have also been shown to possess increased resistance to therapeutics, and represent the root cause underlying therapy failures, persistence of residual disease, and relapse. As >90% of cancer deaths are due to refractory tumors, identification of critical molecular drivers of the CSC-state would reveal vulnerabilities that can be leveraged in designing therapeutics that eradicate advanced disease and improve patient survival outcomes. An expanding and complex body of work has now described the exquisite susceptibility of CSC pools to the regulatory influences of local and systemic hormones. Indeed, breast CSCs express a plethora of hormonal receptors, which funnel hormonal influences over every aspect of breast neoplasia - be it tumor onset, growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, or therapy resistance - via directly impacting CSC behavior. This article is intended to shed light on this active area of investigation by attempting to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the available evidence directly linking hormones to breast CSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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10
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. Deciphering the whale's secrets to have a long life. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111425. [PMID: 34051285 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Whales are marine creatures known for their enormous size and that live in all the oceans on earth. One of the oldest known organisms is bowhead whales, which can survive up to 200 years, and similarly, other species of whales have shown a remarkable long lifespan. In addition to this, whales are highly resistant to cancer, a disease that is strongly related to aging and the accumulation of damage over time. These two characteristics make whales an interesting model to study and that can provide us with a track both to delay aging and to avoid pathologies associated with it, such as cancer. In the present work, we try to analyze different aspects of whales such as metabolism, hematological and biochemical characteristics, and properties of their genome and transcriptome in order to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms that evolution has provided to these aquatic mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gauthier BR, Sola‐García A, Cáliz‐Molina MÁ, Lorenzo PI, Cobo‐Vuilleumier N, Capilla‐González V, Martin‐Montalvo A. Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13260. [PMID: 33048427 PMCID: PMC7681062 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function is central in the control of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Studies in animal models and human research have determined that thyroid hormones modulate cellular processes relevant for aging and for the majority of age‐related diseases. While several studies have associated mild reductions on thyroid hormone function with exceptional longevity in animals and humans, alterations in thyroid hormones are serious medical conditions associated with unhealthy aging and premature death. Moreover, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated with the development of certain types of diabetes and cancers, indicating a great complexity of the molecular mechanisms controlled by thyroid hormones. In this review, we describe the latest findings in thyroid hormone research in the field of aging, diabetes, and cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinomas. While aging studies indicate that the direct modulation of thyroid hormones is not a viable strategy to promote healthy aging or longevity and the development of thyromimetics is challenging due to inefficacy and potential toxicity, we argue that interventions based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone function might provide therapeutic benefit in certain types of diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases‐CIBERDEM Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Sola‐García
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - María Ángeles Cáliz‐Molina
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo‐Vuilleumier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla‐González
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin‐Montalvo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
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López-Noriega L, Capilla-González V, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Martin-Vazquez E, Lorenzo PI, Martinez-Force E, Soriano-Navarro M, García-Fernández M, Romero-Zerbo SY, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, Díaz-Contreras I, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Santos-Ocaña C, Hmadcha A, Soria B, Martín F, Gauthier BR, Martin-Montalvo A. Inadequate control of thyroid hormones sensitizes to hepatocarcinogenesis and unhealthy aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7746-7779. [PMID: 31518338 PMCID: PMC6781991 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An inverse correlation between thyroid hormone levels and longevity has been reported in several species and reduced thyroid hormone levels have been proposed as a biomarker for healthy aging and metabolic fitness. However, hypothyroidism is a medical condition associated with compromised health and reduced life expectancy. Herein, we show, using wild-type and the Pax8 ablated model of hypothyroidism in mice, that hyperthyroidism and severe hypothyroidism are associated with an overall unhealthy status and shorter lifespan. Mild hypothyroid Pax8 +/- mice were heavier and displayed insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and increased prevalence of liver cancer yet had normal lifespan. These pathophysiological conditions were precipitated by hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage accumulation. These findings indicate that individuals carrying mutations on PAX8 may be susceptible to develop liver cancer and/or diabetes and raise concerns regarding the development of interventions aiming to modulate thyroid hormones to promote healthy aging or lifespan in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia López-Noriega
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martin-Vazquez
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - María García-Fernández
- Department of Human Physiology, Málaga University, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Silvana Yanina Romero-Zerbo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Bermúdez-Silva
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Contreras
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Deptartment of Physiology, University Miguel Hernández School of Medicine Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Franz Martín
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit Raymond Gauthier
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
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13
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Identification and Application of Gene Expression Signatures Associated with Lifespan Extension. Cell Metab 2019; 30:573-593.e8. [PMID: 31353263 PMCID: PMC6907080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several pharmacological, dietary, and genetic interventions that increase mammalian lifespan are known, but general principles of lifespan extension remain unclear. Here, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of mice subjected to 8 longevity interventions. We discovered a feminizing effect associated with growth hormone regulation and diminution of sex-related differences. Expanding this analysis to 17 interventions with public data, we observed that many interventions induced similar gene expression changes. We identified hepatic gene signatures associated with lifespan extension across interventions, including upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and drug metabolism, and showed that perturbed pathways may be shared across tissues. We further applied the discovered longevity signatures to identify new lifespan-extending candidates, such as chronic hypoxia, KU-0063794, and ascorbyl-palmitate. Finally, we developed GENtervention, an app that visualizes associations between gene expression changes and longevity. Overall, this study describes general and specific transcriptomic programs of lifespan extension in mice and provides tools to discover new interventions.
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14
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Calsolaro V, Niccolai F, Pasqualetti G, Calabrese AM, Polini A, Okoye C, Magno S, Caraccio N, Monzani F. Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism in the Elderly: When to Treat? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30967841 PMCID: PMC6438852 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is characterized by increased thyrotropin (TSH) levels and reduced free thyroid hormone fractions while, subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) by elevated serum TSH in the face of normal thyroid hormones. The high frequency of hypothyroidism among the general population in Western Countries made levothyroxine (LT4) one of the 10 most prescribed drugs. However, circulating TSH has been demonstrated to increase with aging, regardless the existence of an actual thyroid disease. Thus, when confronting an increase in circulating TSH levels in the elderly, especially in the oldest old, it is important to carry an appropriate diagnostic path, comprehensive of clinical picture as well as laboratory and imaging techniques. In the current review, we summarize the recommendations for a correct diagnostic workup and therapeutic approach to older people with elevated TSH value, with special attention to the presence of frailty, comorbidities, and poly-therapy. The treatment of choice for hypothyroid patients is hormone replacement with LT4 but, it is important to consider multiple factors before commencing the therapy, from the age dependent TSH increase to the presence of an actual thyroid disease and comorbidities. When treatment is necessary, a tailored therapy should be chosen, considering poly-pharmacy and frailty. A careful follow-up and treatment re-assessment should be always considered to avoid the risk of over-treatment. It is important to stress the need of educating the patient for a correct administration of LT4, particularly when poly-therapy is in place, and the importance of a tailored therapeutic approach and follow-up, to avoid overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calsolaro
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Valeria Calsolaro
| | - Filippo Niccolai
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pasqualetti
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Maria Calabrese
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Polini
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chukwuma Okoye
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nadia Caraccio
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Monzani
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Behringer V, Deimel C, Hohmann G, Negrey J, Schaebs FS, Deschner T. Applications for non-invasive thyroid hormone measurements in mammalian ecology, growth, and maintenance. Horm Behav 2018; 105:66-85. [PMID: 30063897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic activity throughout all life stages. Cross-talk with other hormone systems permits THs to coordinate metabolic changes as well as modifications in growth and maintenance in response to changing environmental conditions. The scope of this review is to explain the relevant basics of TH endocrinology, highlight pertinent topics that have been investigated so far, and offer guidance on measuring THs in non-invasively collected matrices. The first part of the review provides an overview of TH biochemistry, which is necessary to understand and interpret the findings of existing studies and to apply non-invasive TH monitoring. The second part focuses on the role of THs in mammalian ecology, and the third part highlights the role of THs in growth and maintenance. The fourth part deals with the advantages and difficulties of measuring THs in non-invasively collected samples. This review concludes with a summary that considers future directions in the study of THs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Behringer
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - C Deimel
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, 701 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - G Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Negrey
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, 232 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - F S Schaebs
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Deschner
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Rodriguez-Perez AI, Borrajo A, Diaz-Ruiz C, Garrido-Gil P, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Crosstalk between insulin-like growth factor-1 and angiotensin-II in dopaminergic neurons and glial cells: role in neuroinflammation and aging. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30049-67. [PMID: 27167199 PMCID: PMC5058663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been involved in longevity, neurodegeneration and aging-related dopaminergic degeneration. However, it is not known whether IGF-1 and angiotensin-II (AII) activate each other. In the present study, AII, via type 1 (AT1) receptors, exacerbated neuroinflammation and dopaminergic cell death. AII, via AT1 receptors, also increased the levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptors in microglial cells. IGF-1 inhibited RAS activity in dopaminergic neurons and glial cells, and also inhibited the AII-induced increase in markers of the M1 microglial phenotype. Consistent with this, IGF-1 decreased dopaminergic neuron death induced by the neurotoxin MPP+ both in the presence and in the absence of glia. Intraventricular administration of AII to young rats induced a significant increase in IGF-1 expression in the nigral region. However, aged rats showed decreased levels of IGF-1 relative to young controls, even though RAS activity is known to be enhanced in aged animals. The study findings show that IGF-1 and the local RAS interact to inhibit or activate neuroinflammation (i.e. transition from the M1 to the M2 phenotype), oxidative stress and dopaminergic degeneration. The findings also show that this mechanism is impaired in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Borrajo
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Diaz-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Dammann P. Slow aging in mammals-Lessons from African mole-rats and bats. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 70:154-163. [PMID: 28698112 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the main mammalian models used in aging research have been mice and rats, i.e. short-lived species that obviously lack effective maintenance mechanisms to keep their soma in a functional state for prolonged periods of time. It is doubtful that life-extending mechanisms identified only in such short-lived species adequately reflect the diversity of longevity pathways that have naturally evolved in mammals, or that they have much relevance for long-lived species such as humans. Therefore, some complementary, long-lived mammalian models have been introduced to aging research in the past 15-20 years, particularly naked mole-rats (and to a lesser extent also other mole-rats) and bats. Here, I summarize and compare the most important results regarding various aspects of aging - oxidative stress, molecular homeostasis and repair, and endocrinology - that have been obtained from studies using these new mammalian models of high longevity. I argue that the inclusion of these models was an important step forward, because it drew researchers' attention to certain oversimplifications of existing aging theories and to several features that appear to be universal components of enhanced longevity in mammals. However, even among mammals with high longevity, considerable variation exists with respect to other candidate mechanisms that also must be taken into account if inadequate generalizations are to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dammann
- Central Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany.
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18
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Bentov I, Damodarasamy M, Spiekerman C, Reed MJ. Lidocaine Impairs Proliferative and Biosynthetic Functions of Aged Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:616-23. [PMID: 27537755 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aged are at increased risk of postoperative wound healing complications. Because local anesthetics are infiltrated commonly into the dermis of surgical wounds, we sought to determine whether local anesthetics adversely affect proliferative and biosynthetic functions of dermal fibroblasts. We also evaluated the effect of local anesthetics on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), growth factors that are important regulators of wound healing. METHODS Human dermal fibroblasts (HFB) from aged and young donors were exposed to local anesthetic agents at clinically relevant concentrations. We screened the effects of lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and ropivacaine on proliferation of HFB. Lidocaine was most detrimental to proliferation in HFB. We then evaluated the effect of lidocaine on expression and function of the growth factors, IGF-1 and TGF-β1. Lastly, concurrent exposure to lidocaine and IGF-1 or TGF-β1 was evaluated for their effects on proliferation and expression of dermal collagens, respectively. RESULTS Lidocaine and mepivacaine inhibited proliferation in aged HFB (for lidocaine 88% of control, 95% confidence interval [CI], 80%-98%, P = .009 and for mepivacaine 90% of control, 95% CI, 81%-99%, P = .032) but not in young HFB. Ropivacaine and bupivacaine did not inhibit proliferation. Because of the clinical utility of lidocaine relative to mepivacaine, we focused on lidocaine. Lidocaine decreased proliferation in aged HFB, which was abrogated by IGF-1. Lidocaine inhibited transcripts for IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in fibroblasts from aged donors (IGF-1, log2 fold-change -1.25 [42% of control, 95% CI, 19%-92%, P = .035] and IGF1R, log2 fold-change -1.00 [50% of control, 95% CI, 31%-81%, P = .014]). In contrast, lidocaine did not affect the expression of IGF-1 or IGF1R transcripts in the young HFB. Transcripts for collagen III were decreased after lidocaine exposure in aged and young HFB (log2 fold-change -1.28 [41% of control, 95% CI, 20%-83%, P = .022] in aged HFB and log2 fold-change -1.60 [33% of control, 95% CI, 15%-73%, P = .019] in young HFB). Transcripts for collagen I were decreased in aged HFB (log2 fold-change -1.82 [28% of control, 95% CI, 14%-58%, P = .006]) but not in the young HFB. Similar to the transcripts, lidocaine also inhibited the protein expression of collagen III in young and aged HFB (log2 fold-change -1.79 [29% of control, 95% CI, 18%-47%, P = .003] in young HFB and log2 fold-change -1.76 [30% of control, 95% CI, 9%-93%, P = .043] in aged HFB). The effect of lidocaine on the expression of collagen III protein was obviated by TGF-β1 in both young and aged HFB. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that lidocaine inhibits processes relevant to dermal repair in aged HFB. The detrimental responses to lidocaine are due, in part, to interactions with IGF-1 and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Bentov
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and †Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and ‡Center for Biomedical Statistics, Institute for Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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19
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Feng P, Zhou Q. Absence of Relationship between Mitochondrial DNA Evolutionary Rate and Longevity in Mammals except for CYTB. J MAMM EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-017-9399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Labandeira-Garcia JL, Rodríguez-Perez AI, Garrido-Gil P, Rodriguez-Pallares J, Lanciego JL, Guerra MJ. Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Microglial Polarization: Implications for Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:129. [PMID: 28515690 PMCID: PMC5413566 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia can transform into proinflammatory/classically activated (M1) or anti-inflammatory/alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes following environmental signals related to physiological conditions or brain lesions. An adequate transition from the M1 (proinflammatory) to M2 (immunoregulatory) phenotype is necessary to counteract brain damage. Several factors involved in microglial polarization have already been identified. However, the effects of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on microglial polarization are less known. It is well known that there is a “classical” circulating RAS; however, a second RAS (local or tissue RAS) has been observed in many tissues, including brain. The locally formed angiotensin is involved in local pathological changes of these tissues and modulates immune cells, which are equipped with all the components of the RAS. There are also recent data showing that brain RAS plays a major role in microglial polarization. Level of microglial NADPH-oxidase (Nox) activation is a major regulator of the shift between M1/proinflammatory and M2/immunoregulatory microglial phenotypes so that Nox activation promotes the proinflammatory and inhibits the immunoregulatory phenotype. Angiotensin II (Ang II), via its type 1 receptor (AT1), is a major activator of the NADPH-oxidase complex, leading to pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects. However, these effects are counteracted by a RAS opposite arm constituted by Angiotensin II/AT2 receptor signaling and Angiotensin 1–7/Mas receptor (MasR) signaling. In addition, activation of prorenin-renin receptors may contribute to activation of the proinflammatory phenotype. Aged brains showed upregulation of AT1 and downregulation of AT2 receptor expression, which may contribute to a pro-oxidative pro-inflammatory state and the increase in neuron vulnerability. Several recent studies have shown interactions between the brain RAS and different factors involved in microglial polarization, such as estrogens, Rho kinase (ROCK), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)-α, iron, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Metabolic reprogramming has recently been involved in the regulation of the neuroinflammatory response. Interestingly, we have recently observed a mitochondrial RAS, which is altered in aged brains. In conclusion, dysregulation of brain RAS plays a major role in aging-related changes and neurodegeneration by exacerbation of oxidative
stress (OS) and neuroinflammation, which may be attenuated by pharmacological manipulation of RAS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Jannette Rodriguez-Pallares
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain.,Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Guerra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
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21
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Abstract
Diets and feeding regimens affect many physiological systems in the organism and may contribute to the development or prevention of various pathologies including cardiovascular diseases or metabolic syndromes. Some of the dietary paradigms, such as calorie restriction, have many well-documented positive metabolic effects as well as the potential to extend longevity in different organisms. Recently, the circadian clocks were put forward as integral components of the calorie restriction mechanisms. The circadian clocks generate the circadian rhythms in behavior, physiology, and metabolism; circadian disruption is associated with reduced fitness and decreased longevity. Here we focus on recent advances in the interplay between the circadian clocks and dietary paradigms. We discuss how the regulation of the circadian clocks by feeding/nutrients and regulation of nutrient signaling pathways by the clocks may contribute to the beneficial effects of calorie restriction on metabolism and longevity, and whether the circadian system can be engaged for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chaudhari
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kuldeep Makwana
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roman Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Thyroid hormones in extreme longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:98-106. [PMID: 28286215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present review was to summarize knowledge about thyroid hormones (THs) and longevity. Longevity is a complex multifactorial phenomenon on which specific biological pathways, including hormonal networks involved in the regulation of homeostasis and survival, exert a strong impact. THs are the key responsible for growth, metabolism rate and energy expenditure, and help in maintaining cognition, bone and cardiovascular health. THs production and metabolism are fine tuned, and may help the organism to cope with a variety of environmental challenges. Experimental evidence suggests that hypothyroid state may favor longevity by reducing metabolism rate, oxidative stress and cell senescence. Data from human studies involving healthy subjects and centenarians seem to confirm this view, but THs changes observed in older patients affected by chronic diseases cannot be always interpreted as a protective adaptive mechanism aimed at reducing catabolism and prolonging survival. Medications, selected chronic diseases and multi-morbidity can interfere with thyroid function, and their impact is still to be elucidated.
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23
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Patel SA, Chaudhari A, Gupta R, Velingkaar N, Kondratov RV. Circadian clocks govern calorie restriction-mediated life span extension through BMAL1- and IGF-1-dependent mechanisms. FASEB J 2016; 30:1634-42. [PMID: 26700733 PMCID: PMC4799504 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-282475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) increases longevity in many species by unknown mechanisms. The circadian clock was proposed as a potential mediator of CR. Deficiency of the core component of the circadian clock-transcriptional factor BMAL1 (brain and muscle ARNT [aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator]-like protein 1)-results in accelerated aging. Here we investigated the role of BMAL1 in mechanisms of CR. The 30% CR diet increased the life span of wild-type (WT) mice by 20% compared to mice on anad libitum(AL) diet but failed to increase life span ofBmal1(-/-)mice. BMAL1 deficiency impaired CR-mediated changes in the plasma levels of IGF-1 and insulin. We detected a statistically significantly reduction of IGF-1 in CRvs.AL by 50 to 70% in WT mice at several daily time points tested, while inBmal1(-/-)the reduction was not significant. Insulin levels in WT were reduced by 5 to 9%, whileBmal1(-/-)induced it by 10 to 35% at all time points tested. CR up-regulated the daily average expression ofBmal1(by 150%) and its downstream target genesPeriods(by 470% forPer1and by 130% forPer2). We propose that BMAL1 is an important mediator of CR, and activation of BMAL1 might link CR mechanisms with biologic clocks.-Patel, S. A., Chaudhari, A., Gupta, R., Velingkaar, N., Kondratov, R. V. Circadian clocks govern calorie restriction-mediated life span extension through BMAL1- and IGF-1-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal A Patel
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amol Chaudhari
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikkhil Velingkaar
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Roman V Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Dietary Restriction and Nutrient Balance in Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:4010357. [PMID: 26682004 PMCID: PMC4670908 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4010357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary regimens that favour reduced calorie intake delay aging and age-associated diseases. New evidences revealed that nutritional balance of dietary components without food restriction increases lifespan. Particular nutrients as several nitrogen sources, proteins, amino acid, and ammonium are implicated in life and healthspan regulation in different model organisms from yeast to mammals. Aging and dietary restriction interact through partially overlapping mechanisms in the activation of the conserved nutrient-signalling pathways, mainly the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IIS) and the Target Of Rapamycin (TOR). The specific nutrients of dietary regimens, their balance, and how they interact with different genes and pathways are currently being uncovered. Taking into account that dietary regimes can largely influence overall human health and changes in risk factors such as cholesterol level and blood pressure, these new findings are of great importance to fully comprehend the interplay between diet and humans health.
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25
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Naveed S, Aslam M, Ahmad A. Starvation based differential chemotherapy:
a novel approach for cancer treatment. Oman Med J 2015; 29:391-8. [PMID: 25584154 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2014.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment are advised to increase food intake to overcome the therapy-induced side effects, and weight loss. Dietary restriction is known to slow down the aging process and hence reduce age-related diseases such as cancer. Fasting or short-term starvation is more effective than dietary restriction to prevent cancer growth since starved cells switch off signals for growth and reproduction and enter a protective mode, while cancer cells, being mutated, are not sensitized by any external growth signals and are not protected against any stress. This phenomenon is known as differential stress resistance (DSR). Nutrient signaling pathways involving growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and its downstream effectors, play a key role in DSR in response to starvation controlling the other cell maintenance systems, such as autophagy and apoptosis, that are related to the tumorigenesis. Yeast cells lacking these effectors are better protected against oxidative stress compared to normal cells. In the same way, starvation protects many cell lines and mice against high-dose chemotherapeutic drugs. According to a series of studies, fasting results in overall reduction in chemotherapy side effects in cancer patients. Data shows that starvation-dependent differential chemotherapy is safe, feasible and effective in cancer treatment, but the possible side effects of starvation limit its efficacy. However, further studies and clinical trials may result in its implementation in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Naveed
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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27
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Testosterone increases renal anti-aging klotho gene expression via the androgen receptor-mediated pathway. Biochem J 2014; 464:221-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20140739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgen increases renal klotho gene expression.
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Shytikov D, Balva O, Debonneuil E, Glukhovskiy P, Pishel I. Aged mice repeatedly injected with plasma from young mice: a survival study. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:226-32. [PMID: 25371859 PMCID: PMC4215333 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported using various biological models that the administration of blood factors from young animals to old animals could rejuvenate certain functions. To assess the anti-aging effect of young blood we tested the influence of repeated injections of plasma from young mice on the lifespan of aged mice. One group of 36 CBA/Ca female mice aged 10-12 months was treated by repeated injections of plasma from 2- to 4-month-old females (averaging 75-150 μL per injection, once intravenously and once intraperitoneally per week for 16 months). Their lifespan was compared to a control group that received saline injections. The median lifespan of mice from the control group was 27 months versus 26.4 months in plasma-treated group; the repeated injections of young plasma did not significantly impact either median or maximal lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Shytikov
- D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS , Lab Pathophysiology and Immunology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexiy Balva
- D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS , Lab Pathophysiology and Immunology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Pavel Glukhovskiy
- National University , Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Los Angeles, California
| | - Iryna Pishel
- D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS , Lab Pathophysiology and Immunology, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Laulund AS, Nybo M, Brix TH, Abrahamsen B, Jørgensen HL, Hegedüs L. Duration of thyroid dysfunction correlates with all-cause mortality. the OPENTHYRO Register Cohort. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110437. [PMID: 25340819 PMCID: PMC4207745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim The association between thyroid dysfunction and mortality is controversial. Moreover, the impact of duration of thyroid dysfunction is unclarified. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between biochemically assessed thyroid function as well as dysfunction duration and mortality. Methods Register-based follow-up study of 239,768 individuals with a serum TSH measurement from hospitals and/or general practice in Funen, Denmark. Measurements were performed at a single laboratory from January 1st 1995 to January 1st 2011. Cox regression was used for mortality analyses and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used as comorbidity score. Results Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality with decreased (<0.3 mIU/L) or elevated (>4.0 mIU/L) levels of TSH were 2.22; 2.14–2.30; P<0.0001 and 1.28; 1.22–1.35; P<0.0001, respectively. Adjusting for age, gender, CCI and diagnostic setting attenuated the risk estimates (HR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.19–1.28; P<0.0001, mean follow-up time 7.7 years, and HR 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.13; P = 0.004, mean follow-up time 7.2 years) for decreased and elevated values of TSH, respectively. Mortality risk increased by a factor 1.09; 95% CI: 1.08–1.10; P<0.0001 or by a factor 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04; P<0.0001 for each six months a patient suffered from decreased or elevated TSH, respectively. Subdividing according to degree of thyroid dysfunction, overt hyperthyroidism (HRovert 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06–1.19; P<0.0001), subclinical hyperthyroidism (HRsubclinical 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02–1.17; P = 0.02) and overt hypothyroidism (HRovert 1.57; 95% CI: 1.34–1.83; P<0.0001), but not subclinical hypothyroidism (HRsubclinical 1.03; 95% CI: 0.97–1.09; P = 0.4) were associated with increased mortality. Conclusions and Relevance In a large-scale, population-based cohort with long-term follow-up (median 7.4 years), overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism and overt but not subclinical hypothyroidism were associated with increased mortality. Excess mortality with increasing duration of decreased or elevated serum TSH suggests the importance of timely intervention in individuals with thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Laulund
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Nybo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Heiberg Brix
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bo Abrahamsen
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark; Research Centre for Ageing and Osteoporosis, Department of Medicine M, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Laszlo Hegedüs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Rojanathammanee L, Rakoczy S, Kopchick J, Brown-Borg HM. Effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 on glutathione S-transferases and thioredoxin in growth hormone receptor knockout mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9687. [PMID: 25001375 PMCID: PMC4150915 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been shown to affect processes involved in cellular stress defense, aging, and longevity. This study was designed to identify possible mechanisms of a disrupted GH signaling pathway on stress resistance using growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice. GHRKO mice are GH resistant due to the targeted disruption of the GH receptor/binding protein gene, thus preventing GH from binding and exerting its downstream effects. These mice have very low circulating IGF-1 levels and high GH levels, are obese yet insulin sensitive, and live longer than their wild-type controls. Wild-type or GHRKO mice were treated with saline or IGF-1 (WT saline, GHRKO saline, GHRKO IGF-1) two times daily for 7 days. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, proteins, and gene expression were determined. Liver mitochondrial GSTA1, GSTA3, and GSTZ1 proteins were significantly higher in GHRKO when compared to those of WT mice. The 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) GST activity was upregulated in GHRKO mice and was suppressed after IGF-1 administration. Interestingly, thioredoxin (Trx)1, Trx2, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)1, and TrxR2 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were significantly higher in the GHRKO as compared to WT mice, and IGF-1 treatment suppressed the expression of each. We also found that glutaredoxin (Grx)2 mRNA and cytosolic Grx activity were higher in GHRKO mice. These results suggest that the detoxification and stress response mechanisms in GHRKO mice are contributed in part by the circulating level of IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalida Rojanathammanee
- />Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA
- />School of Sports Science, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Sharlene Rakoczy
- />Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA
| | - John Kopchick
- />Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Holly M. Brown-Borg
- />Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA
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Reichert S, Stier A, Zahn S, Arrivé M, Bize P, Massemin S, Criscuolo F. Increased brood size leads to persistent eroded telomeres. Front Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2014.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Levine M, Crimmins E. Not all smokers die young: a model for hidden heterogeneity within the human population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87403. [PMID: 24520332 PMCID: PMC3919713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of some individuals to reach extreme old age in the presence of clearly high exposure to damaging factors may signal an innate biological advantage. For this study we used data on 4,655 current and never smokers, ages 50 and above, from NHANES III to examine whether long-lived smokers represent a biologically resilient phenotype that could facilitate our understanding of heterogeneity in the aging process. Using a proportional hazards model, our results showed that while smoking significantly increased mortality in most age groups, it did not increase the mortality risk for those who were age 80 and over at baseline. Additionally when comparing the adjusted means of biomarkers between never and current smokers, we found that long-lived smokers (80+) had similar inflammation, HDL, and lung function levels to never smokers. Given that factors which allow some individuals to withstand smoking may also enable others to cope with everyday biological stressors, the investigation of long-lived smokers may eventually allow us to identify molecular and genetic mechanisms which enable longevity extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Levine
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eileen Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Rojanathammanee L, Rakoczy S, Brown-Borg HM. Growth hormone alters the glutathione S-transferase and mitochondrial thioredoxin systems in long-living Ames dwarf mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:1199-211. [PMID: 24285747 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ames dwarf mice are deficient in growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone and live significantly longer than their wild-type (WT) siblings. The lack of GH is associated with stress resistance and increased longevity. However, the mechanism underlying GH's actions on cellular stress defense have yet to be elucidated. In this study, WT or Ames dwarf mice were treated with saline or GH (WT saline, Dwarf saline, and Dwarf GH) two times daily for 7 days. The body and liver weights of Ames dwarf mice were significantly increased after 7 days of GH administration. Mitochondrial protein levels of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes, K1 and M4 (GSTK1 and GSTM4), were significantly higher in dwarf mice (Dwarf saline) when compared with WT mice (WT saline). GH administration downregulated the expression of GSTK1 proteins in dwarf mice. We further investigated GST activity from liver lysates using different substrates. Substrate-specific GST activity (bromosulfophthalein, dichloronitrobenzene, and 4-hydrox-ynonenal) was significantly reduced in GH-treated dwarf mice. In addition, GH treatment attenuated the activity of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in liver mitochondria of Ames mice. Importantly, GH treatment suppressed Trx2 and TrxR2 mRNA expression. These data indicate that GH has a role in stress resistance by altering the functional capacity of the GST system through the regulation of specific GST family members in long-living Ames dwarf mice. It also affects the regulation of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, factors that regulate posttranslational modification of proteins and redox balance, thereby further influencing stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalida Rojanathammanee
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks. School of Sports Science, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sharlene Rakoczy
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks
| | - Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks.
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Sohrabji F, Williams M. Stroke neuroprotection: oestrogen and insulin-like growth factor-1 interactions and the role of microglia. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:1173-81. [PMID: 23763366 PMCID: PMC5630268 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen has been shown to be neuroprotective for stroke and other neural injury models. Oestrogen promotes a neuroprotective phenotype through myriad actions, including stimulating neurogenesis, promoting neuronal differentiation and survival, suppressing neuroinflammation and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. At the molecular level, oestrogen directly modulates genes that are beneficial for repair and regeneration via the canonical oestrogen receptor. Increasingly, evidence indicates that oestrogen acts in concert with growth factors to initiate neuroprotection. Oestrogen and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 act cooperatively to influence cell survival, and combined steroid hormone/growth factor interaction has been well documented in the context of neurones and astrocytes. Here, we summarise the evidence that oestrogen-mediated neuroprotection is critically dependent on IGF-1 signalling, and specifically focus on microglia as the source of IGF-1 and the locus of oestrogen-IGF-1 interactions in stroke neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, TAMHSC College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
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35
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Thyroid and aging or the aging thyroid? An evidence-based analysis of the literature. J Thyroid Res 2013; 2013:481287. [PMID: 24106641 PMCID: PMC3782841 DOI: 10.1155/2013/481287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone production, metabolism, and action change with aging. The reference ranges for serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormones are derived mainly from younger populations. Thus, the prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction is increased greatly in the elderly. However, it is unclear whether mild thyroid dysfunction in the elderly is associated with adverse outcomes. In this review, we discuss current evidence-based literature on thyroid function in the elderly and whether subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the elderly should be treated.
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36
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Bowers J, Terrien J, Clerget-Froidevaux MS, Gothié JD, Rozing MP, Westendorp RGJ, van Heemst D, Demeneix BA. Thyroid hormone signaling and homeostasis during aging. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:556-89. [PMID: 23696256 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans and in animal models show negative correlations between thyroid hormone (TH) levels and longevity. TH signaling is implicated in maintaining and integrating metabolic homeostasis at multiple levels, notably centrally in the hypothalamus but also in peripheral tissues. The question is thus raised of how TH signaling is modulated during aging in different tissues. Classically, TH actions on mitochondria and heat production are obvious candidates to link negative effects of TH to aging. Mitochondrial effects of excess TH include reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, 2 factors often considered as aging accelerators. Inversely, caloric restriction, which can retard aging from nematodes to primates, causes a rapid reduction of circulating TH, reducing metabolism in birds and mammals. However, many other factors could link TH to aging, and it is these potentially subtler and less explored areas that are highlighted here. For example, effects of TH on membrane composition, inflammatory responses, stem cell renewal and synchronization of physiological responses to light could each contribute to TH regulation of maintenance of homeostasis during aging. We propose the hypothesis that constraints on TH signaling at certain life stages, notably during maturity, are advantageous for optimal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bowers
- Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Physiologie Générale et Comparée, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7221, 75231 Paris cedex 5, France
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Brown-Borg HM, Rakoczy S. Metabolic adaptations to short-term every-other-day feeding in long-living Ames dwarf mice. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:905-19. [PMID: 23832075 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Restrictive dietary interventions exert significant beneficial physiological effects in terms of aging and age-related disease in many species. Every other day feeding (EOD) has been utilized in aging research and shown to mimic many of the positive outcomes consequent with dietary restriction. This study employed long living Ames dwarf mice subjected to EOD feeding to examine the adaptations of the oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidative defense systems to this feeding regimen. Every other day feeding lowered liver glutathione (GSH) concentrations in dwarf and wild type (WT) mice but altered GSH biosynthesis and degradation in WT mice only. The activities of liver OXPHOS enzymes and corresponding proteins declined in WT mice fed EOD while in dwarf animals, the levels were maintained or increased with this feeding regimen. Antioxidative enzymes were differentially affected depending on the tissue, whether proliferative or post-mitotic. Gene expression of components of liver methionine metabolism remained elevated in dwarf mice when compared to WT mice as previously reported however, enzymes responsible for recycling homocysteine to methionine were elevated in both genotypes in response to EOD feeding. The data suggest that the differences in anabolic hormone levels likely affect the sensitivity of long living and control mice to this dietary regimen, with dwarf mice exhibiting fewer responses in comparison to WT mice. These results provide further evidence that dwarf mice may be better protected against metabolic and environmental perturbations which may in turn, contribute to their extended longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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Sohrabji F, Selvamani A, Balden R. Revisiting the timing hypothesis: biomarkers that define the therapeutic window of estrogen for stroke. Horm Behav 2013; 63:222-30. [PMID: 22728278 PMCID: PMC3483414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significantly extended life expectancy coupled with contemporary sedentary lifestyles and poor nutrition has created a global epidemic of cardiovascular disease and stroke. For women, this issue is complicated by the discrepant outcomes of hormone therapy (HT) for stroke incidence and severity as well as the therapeutic complications for stroke associated with advancing age. Here we propose that the impact of estrogen therapy cannot be considered in isolation, but should include age-related changes in endocrine, immune, and nucleic acid mediators that collaborate with estrogen to produce neuroprotective effects commonly seen in younger, healthier demographics. Due to their role as modulators of ischemic cell death, the post-stroke inflammatory response, and neuronal survival and regeneration, this review proposes that Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-1, Vitamin D, and discrete members of the family of non-coding RNA peptides called microRNAs (miRNAs) may be crucial biochemical markers that help determine the neuroprotective "window" of HT. Specifically, IGF-1 confers neuroprotection in concert with, and independently of, estrogen and failure of the insulin/IGF-1 axis is associated with metabolic disturbances that increase the risk for stroke. Vitamin D and miRNAs regulate and complement IGF-1 mediated function and neuroprotective efficacy via modulation of IGF-1 availability and neural stem cell and immune cell proliferation, differentiation and secretions. Together, age-related decline of these factors differentially affects stroke risk, severity, and outcome, and may provide a novel therapeutic adjunct to traditional HT practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Sohrabji
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.
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Gesing A, Lewiński A, Karbownik-Lewińska M. The thyroid gland and the process of aging; what is new? Thyroid Res 2012; 5:16. [PMID: 23176389 PMCID: PMC3526560 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-5-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocrine system and particular endocrine organs, including the thyroid, undergo important functional changes during aging. The prevalence of thyroid disorders increases with age and numerous morphological and physiological changes of the thyroid gland during the process of aging are well-known. It is to be stressed that the clinical course of thyroid diseases in the elderly differs essentially from that observed in younger individuals, because symptoms are more subtle and are often attributed to normal aging. Subclinical hypo- and hyperthyroidism, as well as thyroid neoplasms, require special attention in elderly subjects. Intriguingly, decreased thyroid function, as well as thyrotropin (TSH) levels - progressively shifting to higher values with age - may contribute to the increased lifespan.This short review focuses on recent findings concerning the alterations in thyroid function during aging, including these which may potentially lead to extended longevity, both in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gesing
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowski St,, No, 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.
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Growth culture conditions and nutrient signaling modulating yeast chronological longevity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:680304. [PMID: 22928083 PMCID: PMC3425870 DOI: 10.1155/2012/680304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of nutrient-signaling pathways in yeast has uncovered the impact of environmental growth conditions in longevity. Studies using calorie restriction show that reducing glucose concentration of the culture media is sufficient to increase replicative and chronological lifespan (CLS). Other components of the culture media and factors such as the products of fermentation have also been implicated in the regulation of CLS. Acidification of the culture media mainly due to acetic acid and other organic acids production negatively impacts CLS. Ethanol is another fermentative metabolite capable of inducing CLS reduction in aged cells by yet unknown mechanisms. Recently, ammonium was reported to induce cell death associated with shortening of CLS. This effect is correlated to the concentration of NH4+ added to the culture medium and is particularly evident in cells starved for auxotrophy-complementing amino acids. Studies on the nutrient-signaling pathways regulating yeast aging had a significant impact on aging-related research, providing key insights into mechanisms that modulate aging and establishing the yeast as a powerful system to extend knowledge on longevity regulation in multicellular organisms.
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Abstract
The longer life spans of females compared to males has been attributed to the effects of sex hormones. Since experimental tests of this possibility in humans are unethical, indirect studies have been relied on for evidence. The present study offers such indirect evidence by comparing life spans of female and male opera singers, since sex hormones are known to influence development of voice. Life spans of sopranos were found to be significantly greater than those of lower voice registered contraltos, even after controlling for birth year. Differences among male opera singers were not statistically significant. The data support the hypothesis that females live longer than males because of the beneficial effects of estrogens on longevity-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest L Abel
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Luciano M, Lopez LM, de Moor MHM, Harris SE, Davies G, Nutile T, Krueger RF, Esko T, Schlessinger D, Toshiko T, Derringer JL, Realo A, Hansell NK, Pergadia ML, Pesonen AK, Sanna S, Terracciano A, Madden PAF, Penninx B, Spinhoven P, Hartman CA, Oostra BA, Janssens ACJW, Eriksson JG, Starr JM, Cannas A, Ferrucci L, Metspalu A, Wright MJ, Heath AC, van Duijn CM, Bierut LJ, Raikkonen K, Martin NG, Ciullo M, Rujescu D, Boomsma DI, Deary IJ. Longevity candidate genes and their association with personality traits in the elderly. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:192-200. [PMID: 22213687 PMCID: PMC3583011 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity and personality traits are both heritable and are consistently linked at the phenotypic level. We test the hypothesis that candidate genes influencing longevity in lower organisms are associated with variance in the five major dimensions of human personality (measured by the NEO-FFI and IPIP inventories) plus related mood states of anxiety and depression. Seventy single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six brain expressed, longevity candidate genes (AFG3L2, FRAP1, MAT1A, MAT2A, SYNJ1, and SYNJ2) were typed in over 1,000 70-year old participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936 (LBC1936). No SNPs were associated with the personality and psychological distress traits at a Bonferroni corrected level of significance (P < 0.0002), but there was an over-representation of nominally significant (P < 0.05) SNPs in the synaptojanin-2 (SYNJ2) gene associated with agreeableness and symptoms of depression. Eight SNPs which showed nominally significant association across personality measurement instruments were tested in an extremely large replication sample of 17,106 participants. SNP rs350292, in SYNJ2, was significant: the minor allele was associated with an average decrease in NEO agreeableness scale scores of 0.25 points, and 0.67 points in the restricted analysis of elderly cohorts (most aged >60 years). Because we selected a specific set of longevity genes based on functional genomics findings, further research on other longevity gene candidates is warranted to discover whether they are relevant candidates for personality and psychological distress traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, UK.
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Le Couteur DG, McLachlan AJ, Quinn RJ, Simpson SJ, de Cabo R. Aging biology and novel targets for drug discovery. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:168-74. [PMID: 21693687 PMCID: PMC4007976 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable technological advances in genetics and drug screening, the discovery of new pharmacotherapies has slowed and new approaches to drug development are needed. Research into the biology of aging is generating many novel targets for drug development that may delay all age-related diseases and be used long term by the entire population. Drugs that successfully delay the aging process will clearly become "blockbusters." To date, the most promising leads have come from studies of the cellular pathways mediating the longevity effects of caloric restriction (CR), particularly target of rapamycin and the sirtuins. Similar research into pathways governing other hormetic responses that influence aging is likely to yield even more targets. As aging becomes a more attractive target for drug development, there will be increasing demand to develop biomarkers of aging as surrogate outcomes for the testing of the effects of new agents on the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord RG Hospital, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia.
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Khapre RV, Kondratova AA, Susova O, Kondratov RV. Circadian clock protein BMAL1 regulates cellular senescence in vivo. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:4162-9. [PMID: 22101268 PMCID: PMC3272294 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.23.18381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the circadian clock transcriptional factor BMAL1 results in the development of premature aging in mice. In agreement with the accelerated aging phenotype, we observed an increase in the number of senescent cells in different tissues (lungs, liver and spleen) of Bmal1(-/-) mice, which suggests the important role of BMAL1 in the control of senescence in vivo. However, no difference in the rate of proliferation and senescence between primary fibroblasts isolated from wild-type and Bmal1(-/-) mice has been detected, suggesting that BMAL1 does not play a significant role in replicative senescence in vitro. BMAL1 deficient fibroblasts had an increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide treatment, and reduced sensitivity to DNA damaging anticancer drugs etoposide and daunorubicin. Increased sensitivity of Bmal1(-/-) cells to oxidative stress was p53 independent and correlated with the disrupted regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in BMAL1 deficient cells: indeed, circadian oscillations of ROS level can be induced in wild-type but not in Bmal1(-/-) cells. We propose that BMAL1 is important for the regulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage responses, while deregulation of these processes upon BMAL1 deficiency leads to development of stress induced senescence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini V Khapre
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, BGES Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Derenne A, Brown-Borg H, Feltman K, Corbett G, Lackman S. Acquisition of steady-state operant behavior in long-living Ames Dwarf mice. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:1048-52. [PMID: 21782837 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ames dwarf mice have a Prop-1 mutation that has been identified with increased levels of IGF-I in the central nervous system, upregulation of neuroprotective systems, and increased lifespan. To elucidate the behavioral effects of the Prop-1 mutation, 8 Ames dwarf and 7 normal mice (all of whom were 8 months of age or younger) were compared on a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate-of-responding schedule of reinforcement and a matching-to-sample task. On both tasks, nosepokes were reinforced with access to a saccharin solution. Comparisons were based on several measures of behavioral efficiency: pause durations, intertrial intervals, and numbers of responses. Ames dwarf mice were generally less efficient than normal mice. One possible cause of this outcome is that relatively young Ames dwarf mice show less cognitive development than age-matched normal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Derenne
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8380, USA.
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Omodei D, Fontana L. Calorie restriction and prevention of age-associated chronic disease. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1537-42. [PMID: 21402069 PMCID: PMC3439843 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy in the world has increased dramatically during the last century; the number of older adults is expected to rise while the number of youths will decline in the near future. This demographic shift has considerable public health and economic implications since aging is associated with the development of serious chronic diseases. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most effective nutritional intervention for slowing aging and preventing chronic disease in rodents. In non-human and human primates, CR with adequate nutrition protects against abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Cancer morbidity and mortality are also diminished in CR monkeys, and data obtained from individuals practicing long-term CR show a reduction of metabolic and hormonal factors associated with increased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Omodei
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Nutrition and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Endocrine function and neurobiology of the longest-living rodent, the naked mole-rat. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Stress resistance and longevity are not directly linked to levels of enzymatic antioxidants in the ponerine ant Harpegnathos saltator. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14601. [PMID: 21298046 PMCID: PMC3029284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms of variations in individual longevity are not well understood, even though longevity can be increased substantially by means of diverse experimental manipulations. One of the factors supposed to be involved in the increase of longevity is a higher stress resistance. To test this hypothesis in a natural system, eusocial insects such as bees or ants are ideally suited. In contrast to most other eusocial insects, ponerine ants show a peculiar life history that comprises the possibility to switch during adult life from a normal worker to a reproductive gamergate, therewith increasing their life expectancy significantly. Results We show that increased resistance against major stressors, such as reactive oxygen species and infection accompanies the switch from a life-history trait with normal lifespan to one with a longer life expectancy. A short period of social isolation was sufficient to enhance stress resistance of workers from the ponerine ant species Harpegnathos saltator significantly. All ant groups with increased stress resistances (reproducing gamergates and socially isolated workers) have lower catalase activities and glutathione levels than normal workers. Therewith, these ants resemble the characteristics of the youngest ants in the colony. Conclusions Social insects with their specific life history including a switch from normal workers to reproducing gamergates during adult life are well suited for ageing research. The regulation of stress resistance in gamergates seemed to be modified compared to foraging workers in an economic way. Interestingly, a switch towards more stress resistant animals can also be induced by a brief period of social isolation, which may already be associated with a shift to a reproductive trajectory. In Harpegnathos saltator, stress resistances are differently and potentially more economically regulated in reproductive individuals, highlighting the significance of reproduction for an increase in longevity in social insects. As already shown for other organisms with a long lifespan, this trait is not directly coupled to higher levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
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Sharma S, Rakoczy S, Dahlheimer K, Brown-Borg H. The hippocampus of Ames dwarf mice exhibits enhanced antioxidative defenses following kainic acid-induced oxidative stress. Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:936-49. [PMID: 20804841 PMCID: PMC6432800 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vulnerability of the hippocampus to the effects of aging has been found to be associated with a decline in growth hormone/insulin like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1), and an increase in oxidative stress. We have evidence that long-living GH-deficient Ames dwarf mice have enhanced antioxidant protection in the periphery but the protection in the central nervous system is less clear. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidative defense enzyme status in the hippocampus of Ames dwarf and wild type mice at 3, 12 and 24 months of age and examined the ability of each genotype to resist kainic acid-induced (KA) oxidative stress. An equiseizure concentration of KA was administered such that both genotypes responded with similar seizure scores and lipid peroxidation. RESULTS We found that GH-sufficient wild type mice showed an increase in oxidative stress as indicated by the reduced ratio of glutathione: glutathione disulfide following KA injection while this ratio was maintained in GH-deficient Ames dwarf mice. In addition, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) as well as GPx1 mRNA expression was enhanced in KA-injected Ames dwarf mice but decreased in wild type mice. There was no induction of Nrf-2 (an oxidative stress-induced transcription factor) gene expression in Ames dwarf mice following KA further suggesting maintenance of antioxidant defense in GH-deficiency under oxidative stress conditions. DISCUSSION Therefore, based on equiseizure administration of KA, Ames dwarf mice have an enhanced antioxidant defense capacity in the hippocampus similar to that observed in the periphery. This improved defense capability in the brain is likely due to increased GPx availability in Ames mice and may contribute to their enhanced longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Sharlene Rakoczy
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Kristine Dahlheimer
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Holly Brown-Borg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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