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Zhu Y, Liu X, Shi Y, Liu X, Li H, Ru S, Tian H. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol AF causes toxicities in liver, spleen, and kidney tissues of SD rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 192:114939. [PMID: 39151878 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
As a replacement for bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF) showed stronger maternal transfer and higher fetal accumulation than BPA. Therefore, concerns should be raised about the health risks of maternal exposure to BPAF during gestation on the offspring. In this study, SD rats were exposed to BPAF (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) during gestation to investigate the bioaccumulation and adverse effects in liver, spleen, and kidney tissues of the offspring at weaning period. Bioaccumulation of BPAF in these tissues with concentrations ranging from 1.56 ng/mg (in spleen of males) to 55.44 ng/mg (in liver of females) led to adverse effects at different biological levels, including increased relative weights of spleen and kidneys, histopathological damage in liver, spleen, and kidney, organ functional damage in liver, spleen, and kidney, upregulated expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (in liver), oxidative stress response (in kidney), immunity and inflammatory (in spleen). Furthermore, dysregulated metabolomics was identified in spleen, with 217 differential metabolites screened and 9 KEGG pathways significantly enriched. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the systemic toxicities of prenatal exposure to BPAF in SD rats. Given the broad applications and widespread occurrence of BPAF, its safety should be re-considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Zhu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiuxiang Liu
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Yijiao Shi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Wudi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou, 251900, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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2
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Kuwelker S, Soni R, Perez-Sanchez A, Coss E, Soni NJ. Fulminant Celiac Disease Presenting in the Postpartum Period. ACG Case Rep J 2024; 11:e01234. [PMID: 38524264 PMCID: PMC10959559 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder of the small intestine triggered by dietary exposure to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Adult CD usually has an insidious onset with gastrointestinal symptoms, most often diarrhea and weight loss. The association between CD and reproductive abnormalities has been well described in the literature, but it is uncommon for CD to initially manifest during pregnancy or the postpartum period. We report a case of adult CD in a previously healthy woman with a life-threatening presentation during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saatchi Kuwelker
- Joe R. Theresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Riya Soni
- Joe R. Theresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ariadna Perez-Sanchez
- Joe R. Theresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Elizabeth Coss
- Joe R. Theresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Medicine Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| | - Nilam J. Soni
- Joe R. Theresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Medicine Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
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3
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Паневин ТС, Роживанов РВ, Зоткин ЕГ, Диатроптов МЕ, Глухова СИ, Самаркина ЕЮ. [Clinical and laboratory features of rheumatoid arthritis in men depending on testosterone levels]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 70:98-104. [PMID: 39069778 PMCID: PMC11334234 DOI: 10.14341/probl13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the presence of chronic immunoinflammatory rheumatic disease (CIRD) may be a factor that increases the likelihood of developing hypogonadism syndrome, and conversely, the presence of uncompensated testosterone deficiency may predispose to a greater risk of developing or more severe course of ICRD. AIM To study the incidence of hypogonadism in men with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and evaluate its impact on the course of RA and concomitant diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A one-time continuous study included 170 men with RA who were undergoing inpatient treatment at the Federal State Budgetary Institution NIIR named after. V.A. Nasonova. Patients were assessed for total testosterone levels and subsequently divided into subgroups with normal (>12 nmol/l) and reduced levels. An intergroup comparison was carried out on the main indicators used in clinical rheumatological practice to assess the stage, activity and other medical and demographic characteristics of RA, as well as the state of purine and carbohydrate metabolism. A correlation analysis was performed between the level of total testosterone and some clinical and laboratory parameters. RESULTS The frequency of detected testosterone deficiency in the study group was 24.1%. Significant correlations were noted between the level of total testosterone and body mass index (r=-0.29), the level of blood uric acid (r=-0.19) and C-reactive protein (r=-0.18). Patients with hypogonadism compared to the group with normal testosterone levels were characterized by higher body mass index (29.3±5.6 vs 26.3±4.0 kg/m2; p<0.001), glucose levels (6.95±7 .85 mmol/l vs 5.42±1.13 mmol/l; p=0.034) and uric acid (354.6±110.7 vs 317.5±84.8 µmol/l; p=0.03) blood. In addition, patients with hypogonadism were more likely to suffer from obesity (41.6% vs 15.7%; p=0.001) and diabetes mellitus (21.6% vs 10.2%; p=0.075) without a statistically significant difference, and also had higher ESR (46.5±42.2 vs 31.0±30.9 mm/h; p=0.012). A more frequent occurrence of anemia was noted in hypogonadism (32.4% vs 16.7%; p=0.041). CONCLUSION Testosterone levels and the presence of hypogonadism were not associated with the stage and activity of RA, however, testosterone deficiency was accompanied by a more frequent development of overweight and obesity, and a deterioration in purine and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Т. С. Паневин
- Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой;
Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет
| | - Р. В. Роживанов
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Е. Г. Зоткин
- Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой
| | - М. Е. Диатроптов
- Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой
| | - С. И. Глухова
- Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой
| | - Е. Ю. Самаркина
- Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой
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4
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Cutolo M, Gotelli E. Complex role of oestrogens in the risk and severity of rheumatoid arthritis in menopause. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003176. [PMID: 37321667 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology-Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gotelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology-Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Lira-Silva E, del Valle Mondragón L, Pérez-Torres I, Posadas-Sánchez R, Roldán Gómez FJ, Posadas-Romero C, Vargas-Barrón J, Pavón N. Possible implication of estrogenic compounds on heart disease in menopausal women. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114649. [PMID: 37023620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies imply there is a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women. Some explanations suggest a lack of estrogens as the cause, but estrogens do not disappear completely and are just transformed into different products called estrogenic degradation metabolites (EDMs). When estrogens are metabolized, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase, causing DNA damage and increasing oxidative stress. These conditions are associated to neurodegenerative diseases and different types of cancer. However, their effect on the cardiovascular system remains unknown. This paper compares estrogenic metabolite levels in serum from post-menopausal women with cardiovascular risk (CAC>1) and with establish cardiovascular disease (CVD), against levels in healthy women (Ctrl). Sample sera were obtained from the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Mexican Study. Serum levels of eleven estrogenic metabolites were quantified by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and oxidative stress markers such as ROS, lipoperoxidation levels (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), super oxide dismutase activity (SOD) and cytokine levels were evaluated. 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was also determined as a marker of nuclear damage.There were significant differences between serum levels of some EDMs in CAC> 1 and CVD vs. serum levels in Ctrl women. Results also revealed an increase in oxidative stress and a diminished capacity to manage oxidative stress. These findings provide an overview, and suggest that some estrogenic metabolites may be associated with an increased risk of CVD in menopausal women. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these EDMs directly on cardiovascular function.
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6
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Masenga SK, Mweene BC, Luwaya E, Muchaili L, Chona M, Kirabo A. HIV-Host Cell Interactions. Cells 2023; 12:1351. [PMID: 37408185 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was a great milestone in the management of HIV infection. ARVs suppress viral activity in the host cell, thus minimizing injury to the cells and prolonging life. However, an effective treatment has remained elusive for four decades due to the successful immune evasion mechanisms of the virus. A thorough understanding of the molecular interaction of HIV with the host cell is essential in the development of both preventive and curative therapies for HIV infection. This review highlights several inherent mechanisms of HIV that promote its survival and propagation, such as the targeting of CD4+ lymphocytes, the downregulation of MHC class I and II, antigenic variation and an envelope complex that minimizes antibody access, and how they collaboratively render the immune system unable to mount an effective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Bislom C Mweene
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Emmanuel Luwaya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Lweendo Muchaili
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Makondo Chona
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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7
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Denaro N, Romanò R, Alfieri S, Dolci A, Licitra L, Nuzzolese I, Ghidini M, Bareggi C, Bertaglia V, Solinas C, Garrone O. The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092458. [PMID: 37173925 PMCID: PMC10177023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) cells employ multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/Raf/MAPK, fostering cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. Through a complex interplay with immune cells, inflammatory mediators and stroma, TC cells support an immunosuppressive, inflamed, pro-carcinogenic TME. Moreover, the participation of estrogens in TC pathogenesis has previously been hypothesized, in view of the higher TC incidence observed among females. In this respect, the interactions between estrogens and the TME in TC could represent a relevant, unexplored area of research. We thereby collectively reviewed the available evidence concerning the potential carcinogenic role of estrogens in TC, specifically focusing on their crosstalk with the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerina Denaro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Romanò
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Dolci
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Imperia Nuzzolese
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bareggi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaglia
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology, AOU Cagliari, Policlinico di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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8
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Yang L, Zhao Z, Luo D, Liang M, Zhang Q. Global Metabolomics of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Explore Metabolic Adaptation to Fresh Water in Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:823. [PMID: 36135524 PMCID: PMC9503472 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects are well-adapted to freshwater environments, but metabolic mechanisms of such adaptations, particularly to primary environmental factors (e.g., hypoxia, water pressure, dark light, and abundant microbes), are poorly known. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestrial, but the larvae of a few species are aquatic. We generated 24 global metabolomic profiles of larvae and adults of Aquatica leii (freshwater) and Lychnuris praetexta (terrestrial) to identify freshwater adaptation-related metabolites (AARMs). We identified 110 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in A. leii (adults vs. aquatic larvae) and 183 DAMs in L. praetexta (adults vs. terrestrial larvae). Furthermore, 100 DAMs specific to aquatic A. leii larvae were screened as AARMs via interspecific comparisons (A. leii vs. L. praetexta), which were primarily involved in antioxidant activity, immune response, energy production and metabolism, and chitin biosynthesis. They were assigned to six categories/superclasses (e.g., lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compound). Finally, ten metabolic pathways shared between KEGG terms specific to aquatic fireflies and enriched by AARMs were screened as aquatic adaptation-related pathways (AARPs). These AARPs were primarily involved in energy metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, protection of oxidative/immune damage, oxidative stress response, and sense function (e.g., glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and taste transduction), and certain aspects of morphology (e.g., steroid hormone biosynthesis). These results provide evidence suggesting that abundance changes in metabolomes contribute to freshwater adaptation of fireflies. The metabolites identified here may be vital targets for future work to determine the mechanism of freshwater adaptation in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zishun Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- YEN, Chuxiong People’s Hospital, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Mingzhong Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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9
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Gao D, Gao X, Yang F, Wang Q. Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8158. [PMID: 35897734 PMCID: PMC9332175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that immunological disease progression is closely related to abnormal function of the central nervous system (CNS). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory synovitis-based systemic immune disease of unknown etiology. In addition to joint pathological damage, RA has been linked to neuropsychiatric comorbidities, including depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety, increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in life. Immune cells and their secreted immune factors will stimulate the peripheral and central neuronal systems that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. The understanding of autoimmune diseases has largely advanced insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuroimmune interaction. Here, we review our current understanding of CNS comorbidities and potential physiological mechanisms in patients with RA, with a focus on the complex and diverse regulation of mood and distinct patterns of peripheral immune activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. And in our review, we also discussed the role that has been played by peripheral neurons and CNS in terms of neuron mechanisms in RA immune challenges, and the related neuron-immune crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuang Gao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen 518036, China;
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen 518036, China;
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
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10
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FitzPatrick AM. Is Estrogen a Missing Culprit in Thyroid Eye Disease? Sex Steroid Hormone Homeostasis Is Key to Other Fibrogenic Autoimmune Diseases - Why Not This One? Front Immunol 2022; 13:898138. [PMID: 35784325 PMCID: PMC9248759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex bias in autoimmune disease (AID) prevalence is known, but the role of estrogen in disease progression is more complex. Estrogen can even be protective in some AIDs; but in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic sclerosis (SSc), estrogen, its metabolites, and its receptors have been demonstrated to play critical, localized inflammatory roles. Estrogen is instrumental to the fibrosis seen in RA, SLE, SSc and other disease states, including breast cancer and uterine leiomyomas. Fibrotic diseases tend to share a common pattern in which lymphocyte-monocyte interactions generate cytokines which stimulate the deposition of fibrogenic connective tissue. RA, SLE, SSc and thyroid eye disease (TED) have very similar inflammatory and fibrotic patterns-from pathways to tissue type. The thorough investigations that demonstrated estrogen's role in the pathology of RA, SLE, and SSc could, and possibly should, be carried out in TED. One might even expect to find an even greater role for estrogen, and sex steroid homeostasis in TED, given that TED is typically sequalae to Graves' disease (GD), or Hashimoto's disease (HD), and these are endocrine disorders that can create considerable sex steroid hormone dysregulation. This paper highlights the pathophysiology similarities in 4 AIDs, examines the evidence of sex steroid mediated pathology across 3 AIDs and offers a case study and speculation on how this may be germane to TED.
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11
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Ekstrand J, Zemmler M, Abrahamsson A, Lundberg P, Forsgren M, Dabrosin C. Breast Density and Estradiol Are Major Determinants for Soluble TNF-TNF-R Proteins in vivo in Human Breast Tissue. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850240. [PMID: 35432372 PMCID: PMC9005790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High mammographic density and exposure to sex steroids are independent risk factors for breast cancer by yet unknown mechanisms. Inflammation is one hallmark of cancer and the tumor necrosis factor family of proteins (TNFSFs) and receptors (TNFRSFs) are key determinants of tissue inflammation. The relationship between TNFSFs/TNFRSFs and breast tissue density or local breast estradiol levels is unknown. We investigated whether TNFSFs and soluble TNFRSFs (sTNFRSFs) are dysregulated in vivo in human breast cancer and dense breast tissue of postmenopausal women. We explored TNFSF/TNFRSF correlations with breast density and estradiol, both locally in the breast and in abdominal subcutaneous (s.c.) fat as a measure of systemic effects. Microdialysis was used for local sampling of in vivo proteins and estradiol in a total of 73 women; 12 with breast cancer, 42 healthy postmenopausal women with different breast densities, and 19 healthy premenopausal women. Breast density was determined as lean tissue fraction (LTF) using magnetic resonance imaging. Microdialysis was also performed in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer in mice treated with the pure anti-estrogen fulvestrant and tumor tissue was subjected to immunohistochemistry. 23 members of the TNFSF/sTNFRSF families were quantified using proximity extension assay.Our data revealed upregulation of TNFSF10, 13 and 13B, TNFRSF6, 6B, 9, 11A, 11B, 13B, 14, and 19, and TNFR-1 and -2 in ER+ breast cancer in women. In dense breast tissue TNFSF10, 13, and 14, TNFRSF3, 6, 9, 10B, 13B, 14, 19, and TNFR-1 and -2 were upregulated. Certain TNFSFs/TNFRSFs were increased in premenopausal breasts relative to postmenopausal breasts. Furthermore, estradiol correlated with most of the TNFSF/sTNFRSF members, though LTF only correlated with some of the proteins. Several of these associations were breast tissue-specific, as very few correlated with estradiol in abdominal s.c. fat. Estrogen dependent regulations of TNFSF2 (TNF-α) and TNF-R2 were corroborated in ER+ breast cancer in mice. Taken together, our data indicate TNFSFs/sTNFRSFs may represent potential targetable pathways for treatment of breast cancer patients and in prevention of breast cancer development in women with dense breasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ekstrand
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maja Zemmler
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annelie Abrahamsson
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Department of Radiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Forsgren
- Department of Radiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Art of prevention: The importance of dermatologic care when using aromatase inhibitors. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 7:769-773. [PMID: 35028380 PMCID: PMC8714559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As of January 2021, there are more than 3.8 million women in the United States with a history of breast cancer. The current standard of care for breast cancer involves surgical resection, radiation therapy, adjuvant endocrine therapy, and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the gold standard for endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women. Dermatologic adverse events (dAEs) associated with AIs are rare but have been reported in the literature. Commonly reported dAEs include unspecified rash, pruritus, alopecia, vulvovaginal atrophy, vasculitis, and autoimmune/connective tissue disorders. Appropriate preventative strategies and careful management considerations have the potential to optimize the comprehensive care of patients with cancer and improve quality of life. Furthermore, prevention of dAEs can lead to a reduction in cancer treatment interruptions and discontinuations. Herein, we characterize dAEs of AIs and discuss preventative management to reduce the incidence of AI therapy interruption.
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Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV-2 has spread to virtually all countries of the world infecting millions of people, the medical burden of this disease obviously being enormous. The gonads of both sexes are among the organs that may be affected by COVID-19 and/or may affect the severity of the disease. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection clearly differs between genders. The current evidence indicates that the underlying mechanism of such an interaction could be associated with genetic, hormonal, and immunological differences, as well as with gender differences in such habits as smoking and alcohol use. On the other hand, there are controversies as to how and to what extent the gonads could be affected by COVID-19, possibly impacting upon sex steroids, fertility, and other functions. This review underlines the possible mechanisms that could clarify these questions concerning COVID-19 and the gonads. In addition, reference is made to potential new treatment modalities presently under investigation, these supported by accumulating data published in the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Selek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Güçlü
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Şinasi Erol Bolu
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Memorial Atasehir Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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14
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Agnihotri P, Monu, Ramani S, Chakraborty D, Saquib M, Biswas S. Differential Metabolome in Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Brief Perspective. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:42. [PMID: 33913028 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the synovium that affects the movable joints. It develops due to the infiltration and invasion of the synovial joints by immune cells. Metabolism is anabolic or catabolic chemical reactions occurring in a cell. The biochemical pathways in synovial and immune cells are altered affecting the downstream metabolite formation. Changes in the metabolite levels alter signaling cascades which further intensify the disease. Despite current knowledge of metabolomics, there remain certain features that need to be elucidated to correlate the differential metabolite levels with RA. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolite profiling can be used to find altered patterns of metabolites in RA. Glucose, lipid, amino acid, and estrogen metabolism are the key pathways that are altered and contribute to the aggravation of RA. The altered metabolic pathways involved in different cells in RA results in complex interactions between metabolites and biomacromolecules; thus, it generates autoantigens. Moreover, understanding the correlation between differential metabolites and disease severity might help reveal potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RA pathogenesis. So, considering the multi-faceted role of altered metabolites in the pathogenesis of RA, metabolic pathways of different cells are needed to be studied for a better understanding of their functions in the disease and thus, improving the present therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Agnihotri
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Monu
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheetal Ramani
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debolina Chakraborty
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohd Saquib
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sagarika Biswas
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.
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15
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Abstract
Over the last decades, a central role for vitamin D in immune modulation has been well established. The active form of vitamin D, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, through the interaction with vitamin D receptor, exerts different activities on the innate and adaptive immune system, among which suppression of inflammation and promotion of tolerogenic responses. Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to autoimmune disorders that commonly display significant differences between females and males due to genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Notably, a number of studies recently showed a cross-talk between vitamin D and the sex hormone estrogen. Estrogen-mediated effects on immune response may favor a Th1 profile or a Th2 profile, depending on hormone concentration. Thus, estrogen-mediated effects appear to be variable on autoimmunity depending on its concentration but also on the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the different autoimmune diseases (i.e., Th1- or Th2-mediated diseases). Notably, estrogen has been demonstrated to enhance vitamin D function favoring its accumulation, and increasing the expression of vitamin D receptor, thus resulting in a more potent anti-inflammatory response in females than males. On the other hand, vitamin D has been shown to downregulate in immune cells the expression of aromatase, which converts testosterone to estrogen, leading to a decrease in estrogen level. Overall, available data allow us to hypothesize a higher protective effect of vitamin D-based therapeutic approaches in women, at least in fertile age, than in men. Future studies are needed to expand current knowledge on the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in a sex and gender perspective, paving the way to a more personalized therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases.
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16
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Psoriasis Increases the Risk of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Longitudinal Follow Up Study Using a National Sample Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249310. [PMID: 33322823 PMCID: PMC7764529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a well-known immune-mediated disease. Its autoimmune pathophysiology is consistent with the immune-mediated systemic vascular hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). The purpose of our study was to investigate whether psoriasis affects the prevalence of SSNHL in all age groups matched by age, sex, income, and region of residence. Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Samples were collected from 2002 to 2013. A 1:4 matched psoriasis group (n = 12,864) and control group (n = 51,456) were selected. The crude (simple) and adjusted (Charlson comorbidity index) hazard ratios (HR) for psoriasis and SSNHL were analyzed using the stratified Cox proportional hazard model. The incidence of SSNHL was significantly higher in the psoriasis group than in the control group (0.5% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.004). Psoriasis increased the risk of SSNHL (adjusted HR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.90, p = 0.010). In the stratification analysis, the incidence of SSNHL was significantly higher in the 30–59-year-old group than other group SSNHL (adjusted HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.06–2.12, p = 0.023). In addition, SSNHL occurred significantly more frequently in men with psoriasis (adjusted HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.17–2.49, p = 0.006). Psoriasis increased the risk of SSNHL, and SSNHL was more prevalent in between the age of 30–59-year-olds and men with psoriasis.
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17
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Singh J, Wong H, Ahluwalia N, Go RM, Guerrero-Go MA. Metabolic, Hormonal, Immunologic, and Genetic Factors Associated With the Incidence of Thyroid Disorders in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients. Cureus 2020; 12:e11681. [PMID: 33391917 PMCID: PMC7769736 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many endocrinopathies have been increasingly affecting females of reproductive age. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism are some of the most common endocrinopathies seen in females. The aim of this study is to find a relationship between the incidence of thyroiditis in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Literature review search was conducted via a series of systematic searches using multiple databases which lead to cross-referencing of articles within assigned criteria. Our study resulted in a review of 42 articles pertaining to our study. In this literature review article, factors were identified associating PCOS with thyroiditis. A viable relationship was found between the incidence of PCOS and thyroiditis. The combination of factors seen in this study proposes that clinicians may need to focus on certain markers regarding the screening of the incidence of thyroiditis. We also recommend future cohort studies to be conducted to further confirm the associations identified in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Singh
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine and Research, Avalon University School of Medicine, Curcaco, CUW
| | - Hilda Wong
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Primary Care, Avalon University School of Medicine, Curcaco, CUW
| | - Nancy Ahluwalia
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Primary Care, Medical Univeristy of Silesia, Katowice, POL
| | - Ryan M Go
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, PHL
| | - Michelle A Guerrero-Go
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, PHL
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18
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Epigenetics, pregnancy and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102685. [PMID: 33115633 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) are chronic conditions with a striking female predominance, frequently affecting women of childbearing age. Sex hormones and gender dimorphism of immune response are major determinants in the multifactorial pathogenesis of ARDs, with significant implications throughout reproductive life. Particularly, pregnancy represents a challenging condition in the context of autoimmunity, baring profound hormonal and immunologic changes, which are responsible for the bi-directional interaction between ARDs outcome and pregnancy course. In the latest years epigenetics has proven to be an important player in ARDs pathogenesis, finely modulating major immune functions and variably tuning the significant gender effects in autoimmunity. Additionally, epigenetics is a recognised influencer of the physiological dynamic modifications occurring during pregnancy. Still, there is currently little evidence on the pregnancy-related epigenetic modulation of immune response in ARDs patients. This review aims to overview the current knowledge of the role of epigenetics in the context of autoimmunity, as well as during physiologic and pathologic pregnancy, discussing under-regarded aspects in the interplay between ARDs and pregnancy pathology. The outline of a new ongoing European project will be presented.
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19
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Cutolo M, Straub RH. Sex steroids and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: state of the art. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:628-644. [PMID: 33009519 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In autoimmune rheumatic diseases, oestrogens can stimulate certain immune responses (including effects on B cells and innate immunity), but can also have dose-related anti-inflammatory effects on T cells, macrophages and other immune cells. By contrast, androgens and progesterone have predominantly immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. Hormone replacement therapies and oral contraception (and also pregnancy) enhance or decrease the severity of autoimmune rheumatic diseases at a genetic or epigenetic level. Serum androgen concentrations are often low in men and in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, suggesting that androgen-like compounds might be a promising therapeutic approach. However, androgen-to-oestrogen conversion (known as intracrinology) is enhanced in inflamed tissues, such as those present in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In addition, it is becoming evident that the gut microbiota differs between the sexes (known as the microgenderome) and leads to sex-dependent genetic and epigenetic changes in gastrointestinal inflammation, systemic immunity and, potentially, susceptibility to autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Future clinical research needs to focus on the therapeutic use of androgens and progestins or their downstream signalling cascades and on new oestrogenic compounds such as tissue-selective oestrogen complex to modulate altered immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratories and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Postgraduate School of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine DIMI, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Charneira C, Nunes J, Antunes AMM. 16α-Hydroxyestrone: Mass Spectrometry-Based Methodologies for the Identification of Covalent Adducts Formed with Blood Proteins. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2147-2156. [PMID: 32692160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the estrone metabolite, 16α-hydroxyestrone (16αOHE1), have been linked with multiple diseases. As an electrophilic reactive metabolite, covalent binding to proteins is thought to constitute one of the possible mechanisms in the onset of deleterious health outcomes associated with 16αOHE1. Whereas mass spectrometry (MS)-based methodologies are currently considered the best suited to monitor the formation of protein covalent adducts, the application of these approaches for the identification of covalent adducts of 16αOHE1 is yet to be provided. In the present study, with the ultimate goal of determining the most adequate methodology for searching for 16αOHE1-derived covalent adducts, we explored multiple liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS/MS)-based approaches to investigate the nature and specific locations of the covalent adducts produced in human hemoglobin (Hb) and human serum albumin (HSA) modified in vitro with 16αOHE1. The application of a "bottom up" proteomics approach, involving the nanoLC-ESI-HRMS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides, allowed the identification of multiple sites of 16αOHE1 adduction in Hb and HSA. As expected, the majority of the adducted peptides occurred in lysine residues following stabilization of the Schiff base formed with 16αOHE1 by reduction or via Heyns rearrangement, yielding the stable α-hydroxyamine and ketoamine adducts, respectively. Noteworthy is the fact that a serine residue was also identified to be covalently modified with 16αOHE1, which to our knowledge constitutes a first-hand report of a keto electrophile as target of hydroxyl-based nucleophilic amino acids. The N-alkyl Edman degradation resulted to be unsuitable for the identification of 16αOHE1adducts formed with the N-terminal valine of Hb, most probably due to stereochemical restraints of the tested derivatizing agents (fluorescein isothiocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate) on assessing these bulky covalent adducts. Nonetheless, the digestion of adducted proteins to amino acids resulted in the detection of 16αOHE1-derived keto and α-hydroxyamine Lys adducts. The simplicity of this methodology might be beneficial for clinical studies, with the possibility of offering quantitative information with the preparation of synthetic standards of these adducts. The results obtained are crucial not only for the identification and quantification of biomarkers of exposure to 16αOHE1 but also for clarifying the role of protein binding in the onset of diseases associated with elevated levels of this reactive metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Charneira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Nunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra M M Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Tenti S, Correale P, Cheleschi S, Fioravanti A, Pirtoli L. Aromatase Inhibitors-Induced Musculoskeletal Disorders: Current Knowledge on Clinical and Molecular Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5625. [PMID: 32781535 PMCID: PMC7460580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have radically changed the prognosis of hormone receptor positive breast cancer (BC) in post-menopausal women, and are a mainstay of the adjuvant therapy for BC after surgery in place of, or following, Tamoxifen. However, AIs aren't side effect-free; frequent adverse events involve the musculoskeletal system, in the form of bone loss, AI-associated arthralgia (AIA) syndrome and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this narrative review, we reported the main clinical features of these three detrimental conditions, their influence on therapy adherence, the possible underlying molecular mechanisms and the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The best-known form is the AIs-induced osteoporosis, whose molecular pathway and therapeutic possibilities were extensively investigated in the last decade. AIA syndrome is a high prevalent joint pain disorder which often determines a premature discontinuation of the therapy. Several points still need to be clarified, as a universally accepted diagnostic definition, the pathogenetic mechanisms and satisfactory management strategies. The association of AIs therapy with autoimmune diseases is of the utmost interest. The related literature has been recently expanded, but many issues remain to be explored, the first being the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tenti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Medical Oncology Unit, Grand Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89121 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Sara Cheleschi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine-Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
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22
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Assumaidaee AAM, Ali NM, Ahmed SW. Zearalenone Mycotoxicosis: Pathophysiology and Immunotoxicity. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v44i1.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxicosis refers to the deleterious pathological effects of different types of toxins produced by some worldwide distributing fungi. Mycotoxins, as secondary metabolites are affecting different organs and systems both in animals and human beings. Zearalenone (ZEA), the well-known estrogenic mycotoxins, is an immunotoxic agent. This macrocyclic beta-resorcyclic acid lactone is mycotoxin procreated as a secondary metabolic byproduct by several types of Fusarium, encompassing Fusarium roseum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, and different other types. Attributing to its potent estrogenic activity, ZEA has been incriminated as one of the major causes of female reproductive disorders. Thus, the purpose of the present review article is to appraise the pathophysiological consequences and subsequent explore the progress in the research field of zearalenone immunotoxicities.
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23
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Amaro ERS, Ortiz FR, Dorneles LS, Santos MDS, Barrioni BR, Miranda RM, Garlet GP, Teixeira MM, Szawka RE, Silva TA, Macari S. Estrogen protects dental roots from orthodontic-induced inflammatory resorption. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104820. [PMID: 32592932 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Root resorption is a side effect of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Despite the recognized role of estrogen on bone, there is little information about their effects on orthodontic-induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). We aimed to investigate if estrogen deficiency affects OIIRR in two mice strains. METHODS Female Balb/C (Balb) and C57BL6/J (C57) mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and replaced with estradiol (E2). Tooth samples subjected or not to OTM were collected and analyzed by microCT, histomorphometry and qPCR. RESULTS OVX resulted in decreased root volume (RV/TV) and root mineral density (RMD) in Balb mice without OTM. In contrast, OVX did not modify physiological root structure of C57 mice. OTM and OIIRR were increased after OVX in both mice strains after 30 days. E2 replacement reversed this phenotype in Balb, but not in C57 mice. Due to the significant increase of OIIRR in OVX Balb mice, the expression of key molecules was investigated in periodontium. Accordingly, these mice showed increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor alpha, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -13 and decreased osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin-10 expression after OTM. E2 replacement reversed the changes of these markers. CONCLUSION The lack of estrogen in Balb mice without OTM triggered loss of root structure which was positively correlated to RANKL/OPG ratio. Regardless of mouse strain, the absence of estrogen following OTM induced OIIRR. Mechanisms involve the imbalance of RANKL/OPG system, inflammatory and osteoclastic makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda R S Amaro
- Department of Restorative Destistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Dorneles
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Santos
- Department of Restorative Destistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno Rocha Barrioni
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberta Magalhães Miranda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcília A Silva
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Restorative Destistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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24
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Li IH, Pan KT, Wang WM, Chien WC, Shih JH, Kao LT. Digoxin use and following risk of psoriasis: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan. J Dermatol 2020; 47:458-463. [PMID: 32141100 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between digoxin use and subsequent psoriasis risk using a population-based database in Taiwan. This cohort study enrolled 15 545 digoxin users and 15 545 propensity score-matched non-users from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Each patient was independently followed up for 5 years to confirm whether they had been diagnosed with psoriasis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate psoriasis risk among digoxin users. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. The psoriasis incidence rates were 3.02 and 2.27 per 1000 person-years among digoxin users and non-users, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, psoriasis risk was significantly higher among digoxin users than among non-users. Notably, in most subgroup analyses, digoxin use tended to increase psoriasis risk, particularly among patients with heart failure, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Moreover, significantly increased psoriasis risk was noted over 2, 3, 4 and 5 years of digoxin use. In conclusion, our findings confirm that digoxin use increases subsequent psoriasis risk. Thus, physicians should be aware of this association and accordingly estimate the risks and benefits of digoxin use. Nevertheless, some patient variables, such as body mass index and obesity, were unavailable in this study. The findings in this study should be elucidated carefully because the potential effects of these factors could not be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsun Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Ting Pan
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School, UCL, London, UK.,Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Kao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Borba VV, Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y. Exacerbations of autoimmune diseases during pregnancy and postpartum. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:101321. [PMID: 31564626 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases represent a complex heterogeneous group of disorders that occur as a results of immune homeostasis dysregulation and loss of self-tolerance. Interestingly, more than 80% of the cases are found among women at reproductive age. Normal pregnancy is associated with remarkable changes in the immune and endocrine signaling required to tolerate and support the development and survival of the placenta and the semi-allogenic fetus in the hostile maternal immune system environment. Gravidity and postpartum represent an extremely challenge period, and likewise the general population, women suffering from autoimmune disorders attempt pregnancy. Effective preconception counseling and subsequent gestation and postpartum follow-up are crucial for improving mother and child outcomes. This comprehensive review provides information about the different pathways modulating autoimmune diseases activity and severity, such as the influence hormones, microbiome, infections, vaccines, among others, as well as updated recommendations were needed, in order to offer those women better medical care and life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Vieira Borba
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gisele Zandman-Goddard
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
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Gu Y, Zhong M, He L, Li W, Huang Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Xiao Z. Epidemiology of Antibody-Positive Autoimmune Encephalitis in Southwest China: A Multicenter Study. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2611. [PMID: 31781111 PMCID: PMC6861323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, as an increasing number of neuronal autoantibodies have been detected and used for clinical diagnosis, clinicians have become more aware of autoimmune encephalitis, causing its reported incidence to trend upward over several years. To date, however, there has been no large-scale epidemiological survey of autoimmune encephalitis in adults and children, and its epidemiological characteristics remain unclear. Six main types of antibodies are detected and used to diagnose autoimmune encephalitis in Chongqing, Southwestern China: anti-NMDA receptor antibody, anti-GABAB receptor antibody, anti-LGI1 antibody, anti-CASPR2 antibody, anti-AMPA1 receptor antibody, and anti-AMPA2 receptor antibody. From January 2012 to February 2018, 189 patients at six general hospitals in Chongqing were diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis and were positive for neuronal autoantibodies. In this report, the epidemic situation and the antibody distribution among these patients are analyzed and described in detail. The differences in disease severity among different ages and between the sexes are evaluated, and the correlation between antibody titer and disease severity is also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Gu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Pan Q, Chen X, Liao S, Chen X, Zhao C, Xu YZ, Liu HF. Updated advances of linking psychosocial factors and sex hormones with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility and development. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7179. [PMID: 31275761 PMCID: PMC6598654 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects women, especially those of reproductive age. Genetics, environment, and gene-environment interactions play key roles in the development of SLE. Despite the numerous susceptibility genes of SLE identified to date, gene therapy is far from a clinical reality. Thus, more attention should be paid to the risk factors and underlying mechanisms of SLE. Currently, it is reported that psychosocial factors and sex hormones play vital roles in patients with SLE, which still need further investigated. The purpose of this review is to update the roles and mechanisms of psychosocial factors and sex hormones in the susceptibility and development of SLE. Based on review articles and reports in reputable peer-reviewed journals and government websites, this paper summarized psychosocial factors (e.g., alexithymia, depression, anxiety, negative emotions, and perceived stress) and sex hormones (e.g., estrogens, progesterone, androgens, and prolactin) involved in SLE. We further explore the mechanisms linking these factors with SLE susceptibility and development, which can guide the establishment of practical measures to benefit SLE patients and offer new ideas for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Polari L, Anttila S, Helenius T, Wiklund A, Linnanen T, Toivola DM, Määttä J. Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Ameliorates Murine Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123007. [PMID: 31226730 PMCID: PMC6627219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-receptor-mediated signaling has been suggested to decrease the inflammatory response in monocyte macrophages. Previously, we showed that a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM2) promotes anti-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of SERM2 in amelioration of colitis. We utilized a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model in FVB/n mice to demonstrate the effects of orally administered SERM2 on the clinical status of the mice and the histopathological changes in the colon, as well as proportion of Mrc-1 positive macrophages. SERM2 nuclear receptor affinities were measured by radioligand binding assays. Orally administered, this compound significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis in male mice and induced local estrogen receptor activation in the inflamed colon, as well as promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and infiltration of anti-inflammatory monocytes. We show that this novel drug candidate has an affinity to estrogen receptors α and β and progesterone receptors, but not to glucocorticoid receptor, thus expressing unique binding properties compared to other sex steroid receptor ligands. These results indicate that novel drug candidates to alleviate inflammatory conditions of the colon could be found among sex steroid receptor activating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Polari
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department Biosciences, Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Santeri Anttila
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Terhi Helenius
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department Biosciences, Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Anu Wiklund
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Diana M Toivola
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department Biosciences, Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Jorma Määttä
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Selmi C, Gershwin ME. Sex and autoimmunity: proposed mechanisms of disease onset and severity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:607-615. [PMID: 31033369 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1606714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic autoimmune diseases affect 5-10% of the population worldwide and are largely predominant in women. Sex hormone changes have been widely investigated based on changes in the clinical phenotypes observed during pregnancy and menopause. It is known that females with autoimmune diseases manifest a higher rate of circulating leukocytes with a single X chromosome, and there have been several reports on the role of X chromosome gene dosage through inactivation or duplication in autoimmunity. However, it is also important not to overlook men with autoimmune diseases, who might manifest a more frequent loss of the Y chromosome in circulating leukocytes. Areas covered: In the present review, we will discuss the current evidence supporting the mechanisms of female predominance in rheumatic diseases, by discussing the role of reproductive history, sex hormones and abnormalities related to them, clinical differences between male and female patients, and epigenetic changes that have been evaluated through twin studies on genetic and environmental changes in rheumatic patients. Expert opinion: The influence of sex hormones and chromosomes on the function of the innate and adaptive immune systems needs to be clarified, to better understand the risk of autoimmune diseases, early diagnostic tools, and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- a Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Milan , Italy.,b BIOMETRA Department , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- c Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
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Tenti S, Giordano N, Cutolo M, Giannini F, Fioravanti A. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome during aromatase inhibitors therapy: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15052. [PMID: 30921233 PMCID: PMC6455664 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a class of drugs widely used in the treatment of estrogen sensitive breast and ovarian cancer which convert testosterone to estradiol and androstenedione to estrogen. The AIs of third generation, including anastrazole, letrozole and exemestane, have actually become the standard of care of estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer in menopausal women and are recommended as adjuvant treatment after surgery in place of/or following tamoxifen. Their main side-effects include reduction in bone mineral density, occurrence of menopausal manifestations and development of musculoskeletal symptoms which are, usually, transient, but sometimes evolve into a typical form of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, a pathogenic linkage with other autoimmunity diseases, such as Sjogren syndrome (SjS), anti-synthetase antibody syndrome (ASAS), systemic sclerosis (SS) and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), was also described. PATIENT CONCERNS Here, we report the first case of a patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) developed during treatment with anastrazole. DIAGNOSIS The patient developed a sudden onset of speech disturbance and disorientation, due to ischemic lesions, after 6 months of AIs therapy and the laboratory examination showed the positivity of anti-Cardiolipin antibodies, anti-β2 Glycoprotein 1 antibodies and Lupus Anticoagulant, so a certain diagnosis of APS was achieved. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with warfarin associated to hydroxychloroquine and monthly cycles of low doses intravenous immunoglobulins. OUTCOMES A good control of the disease was obtained despite the continuation of anastrazole; the patient's clinical and laboratory situation remained not modified after AIs withdrawal. LESSONS We discussed the possible role of anastrazole treatment in inducing APS in our patient, reporting the available literature data about the association between AIs treatment and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, we analyzed the mechanism of action of estrogens in the pathophysiology of autoimmune rheumatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tenti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese
| | - Nicola Giordano
- Scleroderma Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Fabio Giannini
- Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese
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31
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Tyagi T, Alarab M, Leong Y, Lye S, Shynlova O. Local oestrogen therapy modulates extracellular matrix and immune response in the vaginal tissue of post-menopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2907-2919. [PMID: 30772947 PMCID: PMC6433658 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of local oestrogen therapy (LET) on the expression of proteins participating in collagen/elastin biogenesis and immune markers in vaginal tissues of post‐menopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Vaginal biopsies were collected from the anterior vaginal wall of informed and consented 52 post‐menopausal women with severe POP undergoing total hysterectomy. Twenty‐nine of the 52 women were treated with LET (in the form of vaginal oestrogen cream or tablet), while the remaining 23 untreated patients served as the controls. This study was approved by Sinai Health System REB. Vaginal tissue specimens were analysed for gene and protein expression using real‐time RT‐PCR and Luminex assays, protein localization and immune cell infiltration were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Forty‐four cytokines were detected. We found that LET application: (a) significantly increased (P < 0.05) gene and protein expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins, collagen and elastin, as well as the expression of ECM maturation enzyme BMP1; (b) decreased protein expression level of ECM degradation enzymes MMP1, MMP2 and MMP3 accompanied by an increase in their tissue inhibitors, TIMP1 and TIMP4; (c) significantly increased (P < 0.05) the gene and protein expression levels of 14 vaginal cytokines involved in leucocyte infiltration, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that LET plays an important role in the activation of immune system within the local vaginal environment, limiting the undesirable ECM degradation, which supports the strengthening of vaginal ECM in post‐menopausal women, therefore resisting menopause/age‐related changes and inducing urogenital tract tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - May Alarab
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne Leong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oksana Shynlova
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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32
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Autoimmunity in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: Current understanding. Auton Neurosci 2018; 215:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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33
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Moulton VR. Sex Hormones in Acquired Immunity and Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2279. [PMID: 30337927 PMCID: PMC6180207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have stronger immune responses to infections and vaccination than men. Paradoxically, the stronger immune response comes at a steep price, which is the high incidence of autoimmune diseases in women. The reasons why women have stronger immunity and higher incidence of autoimmunity are not clear. Besides gender, sex hormones contribute to the development and activity of the immune system, accounting for differences in gender-related immune responses. Both innate and adaptive immune systems bear receptors for sex hormones and respond to hormonal cues. This review focuses on the role of sex hormones particularly estrogen, in the adaptive immune response, in health, and autoimmune disease with an emphasis on systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali R Moulton
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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34
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Sanagapalli S, Ko Y, Kariyawasam V, Ng SC, Tang W, de Silva HJ, Chen M, Wu K, Aniwan S, Ng KK, Ong D, Ouyang Q, Hilmi I, Simadibrata M, Pisespongsa P, Gopikrishna S, Leong RW. The association between new generation oral contraceptive pill and the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. Intest Res 2018; 16:409-415. [PMID: 30090040 PMCID: PMC6077300 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims To examine the association between use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), in a modern cohort. Methods A prospective nested case-control study across sites in the Asia-Pacific region was conducted; involving female IBD cases and asymptomatic controls. Subjects completed a questionnaire addressing questions related to OCP use. Primary outcome was the risk of development of IBD of those exposed to OCP versus non-exposure. Secondary outcomes were development of Crohn's disease (CD) versus ulcerative colitis (UC), and whether age of first use of OCP use may be associated with risk of IBD. Results Three hundred and forty-eight female IBD cases (41% CD, median age: 43 years) and 590 female age-matched controls were recruited. No significant association was found between OCP use and the risk of IBD (odds ratio [OR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-3.13; P=0.22), CD (OR, 1.55) or UC (OR, 1.01). The lack of association persisted when results were adjusted for age and smoking. IBD cases commenced OCP use at a younger age than controls (18 years vs. 20 years, P=0.049). Conclusions In this large cohort of subjects from the Asia-Pacific region, we found a modest but not significantly increased risk of developing IBD amongst OCP users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Sanagapalli
- Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
| | - Yanna Ko
- Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
| | - Viraj Kariyawasam
- Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Hong Kong, China
| | - Whitney Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Minhu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | | | - Ka Kei Ng
- Hospital Conde S Januario, Macau, China
| | - David Ong
- National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qin Ouyang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ida Hilmi
- University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Saranya Gopikrishna
- Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
| | - Rupert W Leong
- Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bipolar disorder (BD) medical comorbidity presents significant clinical and public health concerns with serious impact on health. The aim of this article is to present an updated narrative review of original research articles (case control, longitudinal cohort, and cross-sectional studies) and meta-analyses published in English language journals from January 2013 to May 2017 focusing on general medical comorbidity in BD, including the added risks of iatrogenic factors relevant to the treatment of BD. RECENT FINDINGS We found numerous patterns of association between BD and various medical disorders involving multiple organ systems. One pattern indicated reciprocal increase in the rate of each comorbid condition, such as an increased rate of BD in asthma or migraine, and likewise an increase in the rate of asthma or migraine in patients with BD. A second pattern was a predominantly unidirectional increase in the rate of BD in patients with certain medical disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or cerebellar diseases. A third pattern was a predominantly unidirectional increased rate of medical disorders in patients with BD. One study suggested the potential involvement of genetic mechanisms for the association between BD and migraine. Most of the studies had cross-sectional or retrospective designs, and many relied on analysis of large administrative databases inviting multiple potential biases. Our review highlights the association between BD and a variety of medical disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential underlying etiopathological mechanisms that contribute to observed comorbidities. The results of this review also emphasize the need for comprehensive screening for medical disorders in BD and for adoption of an integrated model of care to address these complex comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktriti Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Anam Shariq
- Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Khaled Said
- Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Homewood Health Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - D Jeffrey Newport
- Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ihsan M Salloum
- Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Detection of 16α-Hydroxyestrone-histone 1 Adduct as High-Affinity Antigen for Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoantibodies. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 66:379-388. [PMID: 29713726 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased concentrations of 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1) have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the underlying mechanism of this remains elusive. Here we aimed to identify the role played by 16α-OHE1 in RA. In 40 RA patients, the specificities of antibodies from the sera of these patients were checked by direct binding, inhibition ELISA, and quantitative precipitation titration. Competition ELISA was also used for the estimation of 16α-OHE1 in the serum of different RA patients. RA IgG from a patient's sera showed strong recognition to 16α-OHE1-H1 (histone 1) adduct in comparison to control subjects (p < 0.001), as the formation of this adduct brings out various biochemical changes that might generate neo-epitopes, which have been well-recognized by these antibodies. The affinity of RA antibodies for 16α-OHE1-H1 (1.10 × 10- 7 M) was high, as detected by the Langmuir plot. Comparing RA patients to the controls, no significant differences were detected in the level of 16α-OHE1 or 2-hydroxyestrone/16α-OHE1 ratio. 16α-OHE1-H1 might have an antigenic role and function as a high-affinity antigen for RA autoantibodies and, therefore, could be used as a biomarker for this disease.
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37
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Nie X, Xie R, Tuo B. Effects of Estrogen on the Gastrointestinal Tract. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:583-596. [PMID: 29387989 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-4939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is a kind of steroid compound that has extensive biologic activities. The effect of estrogen is pleiotropic, affecting multiple systems in the body. There is accumulating evidence that estrogen has important effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Longer exposure to estrogen may decrease the risk of gastric cancer. Use of the anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen might increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Estrogen receptor β may serve as a target for colorectal cancer prevention. In addition, estrogen has been reported to be closely related to the mucosal barrier, gastrointestinal function and intestinal inflammation. However, the role of estrogen in the gastrointestinal tract has not been systematically summarized. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the role of estrogen in the gastrointestinal tract and evaluate it from various aspects, including estrogen receptors, the mucosal barrier, intestinal inflammation and gastrointestinal tract tumors, which may provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to manage gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubiao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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Zakharia K, Tabibian A, Lindor KD, Tabibian JH. Complications, symptoms, quality of life and pregnancy in cholestatic liver disease. Liver Int 2018; 38:399-411. [PMID: 28921801 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases (CLDs) encompass a variety of disorders of bile formation and/or flow which generally result in progressive hepatobiliary injury and ultimately end-stage liver disease. Many patients with CLD are diagnosed between the ages of 20-50 years, a particularly productive period of life professionally, biologically and in other respects; it is not surprising, thus, that CLD is often associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and uncertainty regarding implications for and outcomes of pregnancy. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are the most prominent CLDs, both having considerable morbidity and mortality and representing major indications for liver transplantation. These disorders, as a consequence of their complications (eg ascites, hepatic osteodystrophy), associated conditions (eg inflammatory bowel disease) and symptoms (eg pruritus and fatigue), can significantly impair an array of domains of HRQOL. Here we review these impactful clinical aspects of PSC and PBC as well as the topics of fertility and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Zakharia
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Beaumont Health - Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
| | - Anilga Tabibian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keith D Lindor
- Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - James H Tabibian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
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Dragin N, Nancy P, Villegas J, Roussin R, Le Panse R, Berrih-Aknin S. Balance between Estrogens and Proinflammatory Cytokines Regulates Chemokine Production Involved in Thymic Germinal Center Formation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7970. [PMID: 28801669 PMCID: PMC5554297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The early-onset form of Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is prevalent in women and associates with ectopic germinal centers (GCs) development and inflammation in the thymus. we aimed to investigate the contribution of estrogens in the molecular processes involved in thymic GCs formation. We examined expression of genes involved in anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) response in MG, MHC class II and α-AChR subunit as well as chemokines involved in GC development (CXCL13, CCL21and CXCL12). In resting conditions, estrogens have strong regulatory effects on thymic epithelial cells (TECs), inducing a decreased protein expression of the above molecules. In knockout mouse models for estrogen receptor or aromatase, we observed that perturbation in estrogen transduction pathway altered MHC Class II, α-AChR, and CXCL13 expression. However, in inflammatory conditions, estrogen effects were partially overwhelmed by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, estrogens were able to control production of type I interferon and therefore play dual roles during inflammatory events. In conclusion, we showed that estrogens inhibited expression of α-AChR and HLA-DR in TECs, suggesting that estrogens may alter the tolerization process and favor environment for an autoimmune response. By contrast, under inflammatory conditions, estrogen effects depend upon strength of the partner molecules with which it is confronted to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Dragin
- Inovarion, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. .,INSERM U974, Paris, France.
| | - Patrice Nancy
- Department of Pathology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - José Villegas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,AIM, institute of myology, Paris, France
| | | | - Rozen Le Panse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,AIM, institute of myology, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,INSERM U974, Paris, France.,AIM, institute of myology, Paris, France
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Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:856. [PMID: 28404993 PMCID: PMC5429804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) and the pharmaceutical 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE) are synthetic chemicals with estrogen-like activities. Despite ubiquitous human exposure to BPA, and the wide-spread clinical use of EE as oral contraceptive adjuvant, the impact of these estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the immune system is unclear. Here we report results of in vivo dose response studies that analyzed the histology and microstructural changes in the spleen of adult male and female CD-1 mice exposed to 4 to 40,000 μg/kg/day BPA or 0.02 to 2 μg/kg/day EE from conception until 12–14 weeks of age. Results of that analysis indicate that both BPA and EE have dose- and sex-specific impacts on the cellular and microanatomical structures of the spleens that reveal minor alterations in immunomodulatory and hematopoietic functions. These findings support previous studies demonstrating the murine immune system as a sensitive target for estrogens, and that oral exposures to BPA and EE can have estrogen-like immunomodulatory affects in both sexes.
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Sahin M, Demircioglu D, Oguz A, Tuzun D, Sarica MA, Inanc E, Gul K. Does insulin resistance increase thyroid volume in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome? ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:145-151. [PMID: 27901182 PMCID: PMC10118860 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of gonadotropin, sex hormone levels and insulin resistance (IR) on thyroid functions and thyroid volume (TV) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS 69 new diagnosed PCOS patients (age 24.82 ± 6.17) and 56 healthy control female (age 26.69 ± 5.25) were involved to the study. Fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone levels and urine iodine were measured in all participants. Thyroid and pelvic ultrasound were performed in all participants. RESULTS Insulin, HOMA-IR, LH, E2 and TV were higher in PCOS group (p < 0.05). TV was significantly higher in PCOS patients with IR compared to non-IR PCOS patients (p < 0.001), while TSH, fT4, and urine iodine levels were similar between these groups (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between E2 and TSH (p < 0.05) and a positive correlation between TSH and TV (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between TV and LH, insulin, HOMA-IR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that TV was increased in patients with insulin resistance but differences in TSH and LH levels may affect TV changes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayten Oguz
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Turkey
| | | | | | - Elif Inanc
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Turkey
| | - Kamile Gul
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Turkey
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Szwejser E, Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Maciuszek M, Chadzinska M. Estrogen-dependent seasonal adaptations in the immune response of fish. Horm Behav 2017; 88:15-24. [PMID: 27760301 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence shows that estrogens affect immunity in mammals. Less is known about this interaction in the evolutionary older, non-mammalian, vertebrates. Fish form an excellent model to identify evolutionary conserved neuroendocrine-immune interactions: i) they are the earliest vertebrates with fully developed innate and adaptive immunity, ii) immune and endocrine parameters vary with season, and iii) physiology is constantly disrupted by increasing contamination of the aquatic environment. Neuro-immuno-endocrine interactions enable adaption to changing internal and external environment and are based on shared signaling molecules and receptors. The presence of specific estrogen receptors on/in fish leukocytes, implies direct estrogen-mediated immunoregulation. Fish leukocytes most probably are also capable to produce estrogens as they express the cyp19a and cyp19b - genes, encoding aromatase cytochrome P450, the enzyme critical for conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens. Immunoregulatory actions of estrogens, vary among animal species, and also with dose, target cell type, or physiological condition (e.g., infected/non-infected, reproductive status). They moreover are multifaceted. Interestingly, season-dependent changes in immune status correlate with changes in the levels of circulating sex hormones. Whereas E2 circulating in the bloodstream is perhaps the most likely candidate to be the physiological mediator of systemic immune-reproductive trade-offs, leukocyte-derived hormones are hypothesized to be mainly involved in local tuning of the immune response. Contamination of the aquatic environment with estrogenic EDCs may violate the delicate and precise allostatic interactions between the endogenous estrogen system and the immune system. This has negative effects on fish health, but will also affect the physiology of its consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szwejser
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - B M Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Dept of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Maciuszek
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Gajęcka M, Zielonka Ł, Gajęcki M. Activity of Zearalenone in the Porcine Intestinal Tract. Molecules 2016; 22:E18. [PMID: 28029134 PMCID: PMC6155780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that low doses (somewhat above the No Observed Adverse Effect Level, NOAEL) of the mycoestrogen zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites display multispecificity towards various biological targets in gilts. The observed responses in gilts were surprising. The presence of ZEN and zearalenols (ZELs) did not evoke a response in the porcine gastrointestinal tract, which was attributed to dietary tolerance. Lymphocyte proliferation was intensified in jejunal mesenteric lymph nodes, and lymphocyte counts increased in the jejunal epithelium with time of exposure. In the distal digestive tract, fecal bacterial counts decreased, the activity of fecal bacterial enzymes and lactic acid bacteria increased, and cecal water was characterized by higher genotoxicity. The accompanying hyperestrogenism led to changes in mRNA activity of selected enzymes (cytochrome P450, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, nitric oxide synthases) and receptors (estrogen and progesterone receptors), and it stimulated post-translational modifications which play an important role in non-genomic mechanisms of signal transmission. Hyperestrogenism influences the regulation of the host's steroid hormones (estron, estradiol and progesteron), it affects the virulence of bacterial genes encoding bacterial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs), and it participates in detoxification processes by slowing down intestinal activity, provoking energy deficits and promoting antiporter activity at the level of enterocytes. In most cases, hyperestrogenism fulfils all of the above roles. The results of this study indicate that low doses of ZEN alleviate inflammatory processes in the digestive system, in particular in the proximal and distal intestinal tract, and increase body weight gains in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/01, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Survival rates of cancer patients with and without rheumatic disease: a retrospective cohort analysis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:381. [PMID: 27412038 PMCID: PMC4942908 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the outcomes of gastric, colon, lung, and breast cancer patients with and without rheumatic diseases (RD). METHODS This retrospective study compared the cancer survival rates of a cohort of 122 cancer patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM), or systemic sclerosis with that of a cohort of 366 age-, sex-, and, cancer type-matched patients without RD who received medical care from 2000 to 2014. Staging, comorbidities, and functional status were ascertained. Survival was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Relative risk of death was estimated as a hazard ratio (HR) using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The mean age of the RD patients at the time of cancer diagnosis was 58.7 ± 11.5 years. The overall survival rate of gastric cancer patients did not differ between the cohorts. The survival of lung or breast cancer was worse in patients with RA or DM/PM than in those without RD (all, p < 0.05). After adjusting for cancer stage, comorbidity index, performance status and age at the time of cancer diagnosis (as well as interstitial lung disease for lung cancer group), the mortality rate among lung cancer patients with RA was significantly higher (HR, 1.81; 95 % CI, 1.03-3.18) than that of lung cancer patients without RD, whereas SSc was associated with decreased mortality of lung cancer (HR, 0.16; 95 % CI, 0.04-0.58). DM/PM were associated with increased mortality of breast cancer patients (HR, 297.39; 95 % CI, 4.24-20842.33). CONCLUSIONS RA and DM/PM seemed to be associated with a higher mortality in patients with lung or breast cancers, whereas SSc seemed to be associated with decreased mortality in patients with lung cancer. It is warranted to explore the survival effect of tailored cancer treatments according to specific RD.
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Gajęcka M, Sławuta P, Nicpoń J, Kołacz R, Kiełbowicz Z, Zielonka Ł, Dąbrowski M, Szweda W, Gajęcki M, Nicpoń J. Zearalenone and its metabolites in the tissues of female wild boars exposed per os to mycotoxins. Toxicon 2016; 114:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Wang H, Dong BW, Zheng ZH, Wu ZB, Li W, Ding J. Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) signaling in rheumatoid synovium: Regulation of inflammatory response and cytokine-mediated production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:442-8. [PMID: 26970310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal perpetual inflammatory response and sequential cytokine-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The underlying regulatory mechanism, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we discovered that expression level of Metastasis associated protein 1 (MTA1), an important chromatin modifier that plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation by modifying DNA accessibility for cofactors, was upregulated in human rheumatoid synovial tissues. Furthermore, a knockdown of MTA1 by siRNA in the human fibroblast-like synovial cell line MH7A was found to impair the 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-induced transcriptional expression levels of certain proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, endogenous MTA1 was required for the cytokines-induced PGE2 synthesis by rheumatoid synoviocytes. Collectively, the coordinated existence of MTA1 inside distinct cascade loops points to its indispensable role in the modulation of the integrated cytokine network along the pathogenesis of RA. Further exploration of the functional details of this master transcriptional regulator should be an attractive strategy to identify novel therapeutic target for RA and warrants execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bing-Wei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Xian Yang Central Hospital, Xian Yang, 712000, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Dragin N, Bismuth J, Cizeron-Clairac G, Biferi MG, Berthault C, Serraf A, Nottin R, Klatzmann D, Cumano A, Barkats M, Le Panse R, Berrih-Aknin S. Estrogen-mediated downregulation of AIRE influences sexual dimorphism in autoimmune diseases. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1525-37. [PMID: 26999605 PMCID: PMC4811157 DOI: 10.1172/jci81894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect 5% to 8% of the population, and females are more susceptible to these diseases than males. Here, we analyzed human thymic transcriptome and revealed sex-associated differences in the expression of tissue-specific antigens that are controlled by the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), a key factor in central tolerance. We hypothesized that the level of AIRE is linked to sexual dimorphism susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. In human and mouse thymus, females expressed less AIRE (mRNA and protein) than males after puberty. These results were confirmed in purified murine thymic epithelial cells (TECs). We also demonstrated that AIRE expression is related to sexual hormones, as male castration decreased AIRE thymic expression and estrogen receptor α-deficient mice did not show a sex disparity for AIRE expression. Moreover, estrogen treatment resulted in downregulation of AIRE expression in cultured human TECs, human thymic tissue grafted to immunodeficient mice, and murine fetal thymus organ cultures. AIRE levels in human thymus grafted in immunodeficient mice depended upon the sex of the recipient. Estrogen also upregulated the number of methylated CpG sites in the AIRE promoter. Together, our results indicate that in females, estrogen induces epigenetic changes in the AIRE gene, leading to reduced AIRE expression under a threshold that increases female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Dragin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- CNRS FRE 3617, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Jacky Bismuth
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- CNRS FRE 3617, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | | | - Maria Grazia Biferi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- CNRS FRE 3617, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Claire Berthault
- INSERM U668, Unit for Lymphopoiesis, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alain Serraf
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis–Robinson, France
| | - Rémi Nottin
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis–Robinson, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Biotherapy, Paris, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- INSERM U668, Unit for Lymphopoiesis, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Martine Barkats
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- CNRS FRE 3617, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- CNRS FRE 3617, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- CNRS FRE 3617, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
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Wang P, Dang L, Zhu BT. Use of computational modeling approaches in studying the binding interactions of compounds with human estrogen receptors. Steroids 2016; 105:26-41. [PMID: 26639429 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens have a whole host of physiological functions in many human organs and systems, including the reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Many naturally-occurring compounds with estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity are present in our environment and food sources. Synthetic estrogens and antiestrogens are also important therapeutic agents. At the molecular level, estrogen receptors (ERs) mediate most of the well-known actions of estrogens. Given recent advances in computational modeling tools, it is now highly practical to use these tools to study the interaction of human ERs with various types of ligands. There are two common categories of modeling techniques: one is the quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, which uses the structural information of the interacting ligands to predict the binding site properties of a macromolecule, and the other one is molecular docking-based computational analysis, which uses the 3-dimensional structural information of both the ligands and the receptor to predict the binding interaction. In this review, we discuss recent results that employed these and other related computational modeling approaches to characterize the binding interaction of various estrogens and antiestrogens with the human ERs. These examples clearly demonstrate that the computational modeling approaches, when used in combination with other experimental methods, are powerful tools that can precisely predict the binding interaction of various estrogenic ligands and their derivatives with the human ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Jochmanová I, Lazúrová Z, Rudnay M, Bačová I, Mareková M, Lazúrová I. Environmental estrogen bisphenol A and autoimmunity. Lupus 2015; 24:392-9. [PMID: 25801882 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314560205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been evidence of the increasing prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases consist of many complex disorders of unknown etiology resulting in immune responses to self-antigens. The immune system, and its function, is under complex and integrated control and its disruption can be triggered by multiple factors. Autoimmunity development is influenced by multiple factors and is thought to be a result of interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Here, we review the role of a specific environmental factor, bisphenol A (BPA), in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. BPA belongs to the group of environmental estrogens that have been identified as risk factors involved in the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jochmanová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Z Lazúrová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Rudnay
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - I Bačová
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry and LABMED, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - I Lazúrová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
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50
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The autoimmune side of hereditary angioedema: insights on the pathogenesis. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:665-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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