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Petrovskii SK, Grachova EV, Monakhov KY. Bioorthogonal chemistry of polyoxometalates - challenges and prospects. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4202-4221. [PMID: 38516091 PMCID: PMC10952089 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06284h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has enabled scientists to carry out controlled chemical processes in high yields in vivo while minimizing hazardous effects. Its extension to the field of polyoxometalates (POMs) could open up new possibilities and new applications in molecular electronics, sensing and catalysis, including inside living cells. However, this comes with many challenges that need to be addressed to effectively implement and exploit bioorthogonal reactions in the chemistry of POMs. In particular, how to protect POMs from the biological environment but make their reactivity selective towards specific bioorthogonal tags (and thereby reduce their toxicity), as well as which bioorthogonal chemistry protocols are suitable for POMs and how reactions can be carried out are questions that we are exploring herein. This perspective conceptualizes and discusses advances in the supramolecular chemistry of POMs, their click chemistry, and POM-based surface engineering to develop innovative bioorthogonal approaches tailored to POMs and to improve POM biological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University Universitetskii pr. 26 St. Petersburg 198504 Russia
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
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Shurubor YI, Krasnikov AB, Isakova EP, Deryabina YI, Yudin VS, Keskinov AA, Krasnikov BF. Energy Metabolites and Indicative Significance of α-Ketoglutarate and α-Ketoglutaramate in Assessing the Progression of Chronic Hepatoencephalopathy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:217. [PMID: 38397454 PMCID: PMC10887089 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the example of a rat model with chronic hepatoencephalopathy (HE), changes in the organ morphology of rats affect the balance of metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and metabolites of the glutamine-glutamate (Gln-Glu) cycle, namely α-ketoglutarate (αKG) and α-ketoglutaramate (αKGM), as well as the enzymes associated with them, ω-amidase (ωA) and glutamine transaminase (GTK). This model of rats was obtained as a result of 2-22 weeks of consumption by animals of hepatotoxin thioacetamide (TAA) added to drinking water at a concentration of 0.4 g/L. The control (n = 26) and TAA-induced (n = 55) groups of rats consisted of 11 cohorts each. The control cohorts consisted of 2-4 rats, and the TAA-induced cohorts consisted of 4-7 individuals. Every two weeks, samples of blood plasma, liver, kidney, and brain tissues were taken from the next cohort of rats (a total of 320 samples). By the end of the experiment, irreversible morphological changes were observed in the organs of rats: the weight of the animals was reduced up to ~45%, the weight of the kidneys up to 5%, the brain up to ~20%, and the weight of the liver increased up to ~20%. The analysis revealed: (i) a decrease in the activity of ωA and GTK in the tissues of the brain, kidneys, and liver of rats with chronic HE (by ~3, 40, and 65% and ~10, 60, and 70%, respectively); and (ii) the appearance of a significant imbalance in the content of metabolites of the Gln-Glu cycle, αKG, and αKGM. It is indicative that a ~1.5-12-fold increase in the level of αKG in the blood plasma and tissues of the organs of rats with chronic HE was accompanied by a synchronous, ~1.2-2.5-fold decrease in the level of αKGM. The data obtained indicate an essential involvement of the Gln-Glu cycle in the regulation of energy metabolism in rats under conditions of chronic HE. Attention is focused on the significance of the αKG/αKGM ratio, which can act as a potential marker for diagnosing the degree of HE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya I. Shurubor
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya St., Bld. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (V.S.Y.); (A.A.K.)
| | | | - Elena P. Isakova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.I.); (Y.I.D.)
| | - Yulia I. Deryabina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.I.); (Y.I.D.)
| | - Vladimir S. Yudin
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya St., Bld. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (V.S.Y.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Anton A. Keskinov
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya St., Bld. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (V.S.Y.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Boris F. Krasnikov
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya St., Bld. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.S.); (V.S.Y.); (A.A.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianova Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Li Y, Du X, Li W, Jiang Q, Ye Y, Yang Y, Liu X, Zhao Y, Che X. Two genes related to apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of juvenile prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense: Molecular characterization and transcriptional response to nanoplastic exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162863. [PMID: 36931509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics have been widely found in the global water environment, causing plastic pollution and affecting human beings and numerous organisms. Studies involving freshwater crustacean exposure to nanoplastics, however, are limited. In this study, juvenile prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense) were exposed to 75 nm polystyrene nanoplastics at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/L) for a 28-d chronic exposure experiment. To study the effects of exposure to nanoplastics on hepatopancreas cell apoptosis, C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) genes were selected, and hepatotoxic enzyme activities and Toll pathway- and apoptosis-related gene expression were determined. For the first time, full-length Mn-JNK and Mn-PIK3CA cDNAs were cloned from M. nipponense. Homologous comparisons showed that JNK and PIK3CA had conserved functional sequences. The apoptosis rate in the high-concentration nanoplastic group (40 mg/L) was significantly higher than in the low-concentration nanoplastic (5 mg/L) and control groups (0 mg/L). The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas increased with exposure to higher concentrations of nanoplastics. In addition, the levels of apoptosis- and Toll pathway-related gene expression and JNK and PIK3CA gene expression were initially increased, then decreased with exposure to higher concentrations of nanoplastics. This study showed that polystyrene nanoplastics activate toll-related pathways leading to apoptosis and hepatopancreas damage, which provides theoretical support for future aquatic toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xuan Che
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Buha Djordjevic A, Milovanovic V, Curcic M, Antonijevic Miljakovic E, Bulat Z, Djukic-Cosic D, Jankovic S, Vučinić S, Hayes AW, Antonijevic B. New insight into the perplexing toxic features of PCBs: A study of nephrotoxicity in an animal model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114829. [PMID: 36410460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of PCBs on the rat kidneys with attention given to the determination critical effect dose (CED) using the Benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Male albino Wistar rats (7 animals per group) were given by oral gavage Aroclor 1254 dissolved in corn oil at doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg b.w./day for 28 days. The PCB nephrotoxicity was manifested by a dose-dependent changes in serum urea levels. The study has also revealed PCB-induced oxidative stress induction in kidneys. The observed nephrotoxic effects can be partly explained by oxidative damage of lipids and proteins in the kidneys due to observed reduced CuZnSOD activity and disturbances in antioxidant protection. Аll the renal oxidative stress parameters showed dependence on PCB oral doses as well as internal, measure kidney PCB levels. Calculated BMDL values were lower than estimated no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) based on the study, suggesting the importance of BMD approach use in future risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Milovanovic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Marijana Curcic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djukic-Cosic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Sasa Jankovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Vučinić
- National Poison Contol Centre, Military Medical Academy, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
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Elsherbini DMA, Ghoneim FM, El-Mancy EM, Ebrahim HA, El-Sherbiny M, El-Shafey M, Al-Serwi RH, Elsherbiny NM. Astrocytes profiling in acute hepatic encephalopathy: Possible enrolling of glial fibrillary acidic protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir 4.1) and aquaporin-4 in rat cerebral cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:896172. [PMID: 36060277 PMCID: PMC9428715 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.896172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurological disarray manifested as a sequel to chronic and acute liver failure (ALF). A potentially fatal consequence of ALF is brain edema with concomitant astrocyte enlargement. This study aims to outline the role of astrocytes in acute HE and shed light on the most critical mechanisms driving this role. Rats were allocated into two groups. Group 1, the control group, received the vehicle. Group 2, the TAA group, received TAA (300 mg/kg) for 3 days. Serum AST, ALT, and ammonia were determined. Liver and cerebral cortical sections were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining. Additionally, mRNA expression and immunohistochemical staining of cortical GFAP, TNFα, Kir4.1, and AQP4 were performed. Cortical sections from the TAA group demonstrated neuropil vacuolation and astrocytes enlargement with focal gliosis. GFAP, TNFα, and AQP4 revealed increased mRNA expression, positive immunoreactivity, and a positive correlation to brain water content. In contrast, Kir 4.1 showed decreased mRNA expression and immunoreactivity and a negative correlation to brain water content. In conclusion, our findings revealed altered levels of TNFα, Kir 4.1, GFAP, and AQP4 in HE-associated brain edema. A more significant dysregulation of Kir 4.1 and TNFα was observed compared to AQP4 and GFAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini,
| | - Fatma M. Ghoneim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohammed El-Mancy
- Deanship of Common First Year, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed El-Sherbiny,
| | - Mohamed El-Shafey
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wang X, Gao M, Wang Z, Cui W, Zhang J, Zhang W, Xia Y, Wei B, Tang Y, Xu X. Hepatoprotective effects of oridonin against bisphenol A induced liver injury in rats via inhibiting the activity of xanthione oxidase. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145301. [PMID: 33515877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used to manufacture packaging materials for various daily necessities and causes harmful effects in organs, especially liver injury, by generating oxidative stress. Oridonin, an active diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara, has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects. However, the role of oridonin in BPA--induced liver injury and its potential protective mechanism have not been well characterized. In this research, we explored the metabolic alterations in the liver tissue of rats after exposure to BPA with or without pretreatment with oridonin for 14 days by metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-MS/MS. Rats were randomly divided into groups as follows: Control, Vehicle, Oridonin (10 mg/kg), Bisphenol A (500 mg/kg), bisphenol A + Oridonin (500 + 10 mg/kg), Bisphenol A + Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (500 + 40 mg/kg). The biochemical results showed that oridonin significantly reduced the levels of AST and ALT (P < 0.05), ameliorated the abnormal histopathological changes and reduced hepatic apoptosis compared with the BPA group. Furthermore, metabolomics results revealed that purine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were reprogrammed, based on 28 identified significant differential metabolites among the Vehicle, BPA and BPA + oridonin groups. In-depth studies demonstrated that pretreatment with oridonin may play a protective role by restoring BPA-induced changes in oxidative stress and the activity of oxidase (XOD) (P < 0.05). Additionally, oridonin could inhibit the activity of XOD by binding to it, therefore decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, upregulating the content of hypoxanthine and xanthine, and reducing the level of uric acid in the liver (P < 0.05). This research presents the potential protective mechanisms of oridonin on BPA-induced liver injury at the metabolic level, which might be used to identify new protective agents that prevent BPA-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Weiqi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury, Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Youcai Tang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury, Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China.
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
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Dludla PV, Nkambule BB, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Nyambuya TM, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Mxinwa V, Louw J, Tiano L. The impact of dimethyl sulfoxide on oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in various experimental models. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abd El-Halim SM, Abdelbary GA, Amin MM, Zakaria MY, Shamsel-Din HA, Ibrahim AB. Stabilized oral nanostructured lipid carriers of Adefovir Dipivoxil as a potential liver targeting: Estimation of liver function panel and uptake following intravenous injection of radioiodinated indicator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:517-532. [PMID: 32564282 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adefovir dipivoxil (AD), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor is effective against Hepatitis B virus. Its poor oral bioavailability leads to frequent administration causing severe adverse effects. Thereby the entrapment of AD within lipid nanoparticulate systems is a way of increasing AD oral bioavailability as a result of improving intestinal permeability with efficient liver-targeted delivery together with higher drug stability during storage. METHODS AD-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (AD-NLCs) were prepared via solvent emulsification diffusion technique adopting 24 full factorial design to study the effect of lipid percentage, presence of egg yolk lecithin, surfactant type and percentage on entrapment efficiency (E.E.%), particle size and percent in-vitro drug released after 8 h (Q8hrs). RESULTS Formula (F12) showed E.E.% of 90.5 ± 0.2%, vesicle size of 240.2 ± 2.5 nm and Q8hrs of 58.55 ± 9.4% was selected as the optimum formula with desirability value of 0.757 based on highest EE%, lowest P.S. and Q8hrs. Further evaluation of the optimized formula using radioiodinated rose bengal (RIRB) in thioacetamide induced liver damage in Swiss Albino mice revealed a higher liver uptake of 22 ± 0.01% ID/g (percent injected dose/g organ) and liver uptake/Blood (T/B) ratio of 2.22 ± 0.067 post 2 h of I.V injection of RIRB compared to 9 ± 0.01% ID/g and 0.64 ± 0.017 in untreated group, respectively. CONCLUSION NLCs could be successfully used as oral drug delivery carriers of the antiviral drug Adefovir Dipivoxil to the liver with higher stability and oral bioavailability. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady M Abd El-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Central Axis, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Ghada A Abdelbary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Maha M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Zakaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industry, Port Said University, Port said, 42526, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Shamsel-Din
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
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9
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Toxic Effect of Acute Cadmium and Lead Exposure in Rat Blood, Liver, and Kidney. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020274. [PMID: 30669347 PMCID: PMC6351928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cadmium and lead are widespread and non-biodegradable pollutants of great concern to human health. In real life scenarios, we are exposed to mixtures of chemicals rather than single chemicals, and it is therefore of paramount importance to assess their toxicity. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of Cd and Pb alone and as a mixture in an animal model of acute exposure. Methods: Experimental groups received a single treatment of aqueous solution of Cd-chloride (15 and 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) and Pb-acetate (150 mg/kg b.w.), while the mixture group received 15 mg Cd/kg b.w. and 150 mg Pb/kg b.w. Toxic effects of individual metals and their mixture were investigated on hematological and biochemical parameters, and the redox status in the plasma, liver, and kidneys of treated Wistar rats. Results: Tissue-specific changes were recorded in various parameters of oxidative damage, while the accumulation of metals in tissues accompanied the disturbances of both hematological and biochemical parameters. It was observed that the level of toxic metals in tissues had a different distribution pattern after mixture and single exposure. Conclusions: Comprehensive observations suggest that exposure to Cd and Pb mixtures produces more pronounced effects compared to the response observed after exposure to single metal solutions. However, further research is needed to confirm toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic interactions between these two toxic metals in the organisms.
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10
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Bashandy SAE, El Awdan SA, Mohamed SM, Omara EAA. Allium porrum and Bauhinia Variegata Mitigate Acute Liver Failure and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Thioacetamide in Male Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 35:147-157. [PMID: 32226246 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present work has been designed to investigate the hepatoprotective and renoprotective efficiency of alcoholic extract of Allium porrum and Bauhinia variegata leaves in thioacetamide-induced toxicity in adult Wistar rats. Allium porrum leaf extract, Bauhinia variegata leaf extract and their combinations were orally administered for 14 days then TAA (300 mg/kg) i.p. was injected once and the rats were sacrificed 2 days later. Plasma AST, ALT, GGT, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL were measured. Liver MDA, GSH, CAT, SOD and TNF-α were evaluated. Histological examination was performed. The rats treated with TAA showed a significant increase in AST, ALT, GGT, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, total, triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL while it led to a significant decrease in protein and HDL. The treatment of rats with TAA resulted in a significant decrease of the hepatic GSH, SOD and CAT and a significant elevation of MDA and TNF-α. Allium porrum and Bauhinia variegata extracts alleviated the toxic effects of TAA on the liver and the kidney. In conclusion, treatment with Allium porrum and Bauhinia variegata extracts and their combination reduced deleterious effects of TAA on liver through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A E Bashandy
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St, Dokki, Cairo Egypt
| | - Sally A El Awdan
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St, Dokki, Cairo Egypt
| | - Samy M Mohamed
- 2Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhoothst, Dokki, Cairo Egypt
| | - Enayat Abdel Aziz Omara
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St, Dokki, Cairo Egypt
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11
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Cheraghi G, Hajiabedi E, Niaghi B, Nazari F, Naserzadeh P, Hosseini MJ. High doses of sodium tungstate can promote mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in isolated mitochondria. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22266. [PMID: 30597718 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tungstate (W) is recognized as an agent of environmental pollution and a substitute to depleted uranium. According to some preliminary studies, tungstate toxicity is related to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under abnormal pathological conditions. The kidneys and liver are the main tungstate accumulation sites and important targets of tungstate toxicity. Since the mitochondrion is the main ROS production site, we evaluated the mechanistic toxicity of tungstate in isolated mitochondria for the first time, following a two-step ultracentrifugation method. Our findings demonstrated that tungstate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the increased formation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and potential membrane collapse, correlated with the amelioration of adenosine triphosphate and glutathione contents. The present study indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with disruptive effects on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores, which is correlated with cytochrome c release. Our findings suggest that high concentrations of tungstate (2 mM)-favored MPT pore opening in the inner membranes of liver and kidney mitochondria of rats. Besides, the results indicated higher tungstate susceptibility in the kidneys, compared with the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Cheraghi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Hajiabedi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Food and Drug Administration Iran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Niaghi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Nazari
- Food and Drug Administration Iran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Food and Drug Administration Iran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Milovanovic V, Buha A, Matovic V, Curcic M, Vucinic S, Nakano T, Antonijevic B. Oxidative stress and renal toxicity after subacute exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7223-7230. [PMID: 26676538 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fully brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a flame retardant widely used in plastics and textiles. Because of its high persistence, humans are exposed to it continuously, mainly via dust ingestion. We investigated effects of BDE-209 on renal function and oxidative stress development in the kidney after subacute exposure in rats. Five groups of animals were given by oral gavage 31.25-500 mg BDE-209/kg b.w./day for 28 days, and relative kidney weight, serum urea and creatinine, and oxidative stress parameters in the kidney were determined. Benchmark-dose approach was used for dose response modeling. Serum creatinine was increased, while results obtained for serum urea were inconclusive. Relative kidney weight was not affected by BDE-209. Kidney reduced glutathione was elevated, while superoxide dismutase activity was not changed after BDE-209 treatment. Also, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased and total -SH groups were decreased, which indicated oxidative imbalance. The critical effect dose (CED)/CEDL ratios for the effects on TBARS and total -SH groups indicated estimated CEDs for these markers can be used in risk assessment of BDE-209. Our study results have shown that a relatively low dose of BDE-209 affects kidney function and that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms of its nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milovanovic
- Chemicals Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia, Omladinskih brigada 1, 11070, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Matovic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Curcic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Vucinic
- National Poison Control Center, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-4, Suita, Japan
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Cao J, Mi Y, Shi C, Bian Y, Huang C, Ye Z, Liu L, Miao L. First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs induce hepatotoxicity: A novel mechanism based on a urinary metabolomics platform. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:485-491. [PMID: 29454961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has become a global public health and social threat. As clinical first-line drugs, rifampicin and isoniazid used in combination with pyrazinamide and ethambutol (the HRZE regimen) usually induce hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear, and studying the metabolic impact of co-treating TB patients with the HRZE regimen can provide new hepatotoxicity evidence. In this study, urine metabolites from TB patients were profiled using a high-resolution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The tricarboxylic acid circulation, arginine and proline metabolism and purine metabolic pathways were found to be affected by anti-TB drugs. The levels of pyroglutamate, isocitrate, citrate, and xanthine were significantly decreased after the administration of HRZE. The above mentioned pathways were also different between drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and non-DILI patients. Urate and cis-4-octenedioic acid levels in the DILI group were significantly increased compared to those in the non-DILI group, while the cis-aconitate and hypoxanthine levels were significantly decreased. These results highlight that superoxide generation can aggravate the hepatotoxic effects of the HRZE regimen. In addition, our metabolomic approach had the ability to predict hepatotoxicity for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yijun Mi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Cuilin Shi
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yicong Bian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chenrong Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhijian Ye
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Linsheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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14
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James B, Zhang W, Sun P, Wu M, Li HH, Khaliq MA, Jayasuriya P, James S, Wang G. Tungsten (W) bioavailability in paddy rice soils and its accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:487-497. [PMID: 28994318 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2017.1386768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation characteristics of tungsten (W) by different indica rice cultivars from the soil and to assess the potential risks to human health via dietary intake of W in rice consumption. A total of 153 rice (ear) samples of 15 cultivars and the corresponding surface soil samples were collected from 7 cities in Fujian Province of southeastern China. The available soil W were extracted using H2C2O4·2H2O-(NH4)2C2O4·H2O at pH 3.3). Results showed that the total soil W ranged from 2.03 mg kg-1 to 15.34 mg kg-1 and available soil W ranged from 0.03 mg kg-1 to 1.61 mg kg-1. The W concentration in brown rice varied from 7 μg kg-1 to 283 μg kg-1 and was significantly correlated with the available soil W. The highest mean TFavail (transfer factor based on available soil W) was 0.91 for Te-you 627 (hybrid, indica rice), whereas the lowest was 0.08 for Yi-you 673 (hybrid, indica rice). The TFavail decreased with the increase in available soil W, clay content, and cation exchange capacity. The consumption of the brown rice produced from the investigated areas in some cultivars by the present study may cause risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing James
- a College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation in Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Weili Zhang
- a College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation in Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Pei Sun
- a College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation in Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Mingyan Wu
- a College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation in Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Hong Hong Li
- a College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation in Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Muhammad Athar Khaliq
- a College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation in Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Pathmamali Jayasuriya
- a College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation in Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Swithin James
- a College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation in Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Guo Wang
- a College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation in Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
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15
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Shikonin protects against D-Galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute hepatic injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91542-91550. [PMID: 29207664 PMCID: PMC5710944 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, a naphthoquinone isolated from the root of medical herb Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. However, there is no related research for the treatment of shikonin on hepaic injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shikonin on D-Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in mice. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with shikonin 1 h before LPS/D-GalN treatment. The pathological changes of hepatic injury were detected by H&E staining. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in hepatic tissues were detected by ELISA. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also measured in this study. In addition, the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB were determined by western blot analysis. These results suggest that shikonin effectively prevents LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury by inhibiting AST and ALT levels, as well as inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β production. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κB activation induced by LPS/D-GalN were also inhibited by treatment of shikonin. In vitro, shikonin significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production, as well as TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that shikonin attenuates LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway.
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16
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Abdelbary GA, Amin MM, Zakaria MY, El Awdan SA. Adefovir dipivoxil loaded proliposomal powders with improved hepatoprotective activity: formulation, optimization, pharmacokinetic, and biodistribution studies. J Liposome Res 2017; 28:259-274. [PMID: 28768431 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1363228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to prepare proliposomal formulae for improving the oral bioavailability of adefovir dipivoxil (AD), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor effective against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The prepared proliposomal formulae were characterized for entrapment efficiency (E.E.%), vesicle size and in vitro drug release after reconstitution to conventional liposomes. The optimized formula (F9) with a maximum desirability value of 0.858 was selected having E.E.% of 71 ± 3.3% with an average vesicle size of 164.6 ± 5 nm. Moreover, the crystallization of AD within the optimized formula investigated via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the presence of the drug in an amorphous state within the lipid vesicles with enhanced stability over a storage period of 12 months. Thioacetamide-induced liver damage in rats evidenced by elevated liver enzymes was significantly improved after treatment with the optimum formula. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of formula F9 showed a higher accumulation of AD in the liver with enhanced bioavailability compared to AD suspension which highlights its potential advantage for an effective treatment of chronic HBV. Hence, proliposomal drug delivery is considered as a better choice for the oral delivery of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Abdelbary
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Maha M Amin
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Zakaria
- b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Sinai University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Sally A El Awdan
- c Pharmacology Department , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
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17
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Reis AS, Pinz MP, Bortolatto CF, Jesse CR, Savegnago L, Roman S, Luchese C, Wilhelm EA. Antioxidant compound (E)-2-benzylidene-4-phenyl-1,3-diselenole protects rats against thioacetamide-induced acute hepatotoxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1039-1045. [PMID: 28704613 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether (E)-2-benzylidene-4-phenyl-1,3-diselenole (BPD) protects against hepatotoxicity induced by thioacetamide (TAA). On the first day of treatment, male adult Wistar rats received BPD (10 or 50 mg·kg-1). On the second day, the rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of TAA (400 mg·kg-1). Twenty-four hours after TAA administration, biochemical determinations and liver histological analysis were carried out. BPD (50 mg·kg-1) reduced plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased by TAA exposure. Treatment with BPD was effective against increased lipid peroxidation levels and attenuated a decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid levels as well as an inhibition of glutathione peroxidase activity caused by TAA exposure. The higher dose of BPD protected against the inhibition of hepatic δ-aminolevulinic dehydratase activity induced by TAA. Finally, histopathological examination of the liver showed that BPD markedly ameliorated TAA-induced hepatic injury. In conclusion, BPD protected against hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by TAA exposure in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica S Reis
- a Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, RS, Brasil
| | - Mikaela P Pinz
- a Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristiani F Bortolatto
- b Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristiano R Jesse
- c Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Itaqui, CEP 97650-000, RS, Brasil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- a Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, RS, Brasil
| | - Silvane Roman
- d Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões Erechim, Fundação Regional Integrada, Ciências da Saúde, Erechim, CEP 99700-000, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- a Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, RS, Brasil
| | - Ethel A Wilhelm
- a Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, RS, Brasil
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18
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Lemus R, Venezia CF. An update to the toxicological profile for water-soluble and sparingly soluble tungsten substances. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:388-411. [PMID: 25695728 PMCID: PMC4732414 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.1003422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten is a relatively rare metal with numerous applications, most notably in machine tools, catalysts, and superalloys. In 2003, tungsten was nominated for study under the National Toxicology Program, and in 2011, it was nominated for human health assessment under the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System. In 2005, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) issued a toxicological profile for tungsten, identifying several data gaps in the hazard assessment of tungsten. By filling the data gaps identified by the ATSDR, this review serves as an update to the toxicological profile for tungsten and tungsten substances. A PubMed literature search was conducted to identify reports published during the period 2004-2014, in order to gather relevant information related to tungsten toxicity. Additional information was also obtained directly from unpublished studies from within the tungsten industry. A systematic approach to evaluate the quality of data was conducted according to published criteria. This comprehensive review has gathered new toxicokinetic information and summarizes the details of acute and repeated-exposure studies that include reproductive, developmental, neurotoxicological, and immunotoxicological endpoints. Such new evidence involves several relevant studies that must be considered when regulators estimate and propose a tungsten reference or concentration dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranulfo Lemus
- International Tungsten Industry Association (ITIA), London, UK
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19
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Ilyas Z, Shah HS, Al-Oweini R, Kortz U, Iqbal J. Antidiabetic potential of polyoxotungstates: in vitro and in vivo studies. Metallomics 2015; 6:1521-6. [PMID: 24887259 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder continuously affecting people all over the world. A common way to treat diabetes mellitus is to limit the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose which is mediated by glucosidase enzymes. Diabetes mellitus is also famous for its life-threatening microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (atherosclerosis) complications. Aldose reductases present in eye lens (ALR1) and kidney (ALR2) are responsible for microvascular complications. The production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The present work was aimed at the synthesis and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of different polyoxotungstates against glucosidases (α- and β), aldose reductases (ALR1 and ALR2) and AGEs to discover a new treatment which may limit the complications associated with diabetes mellitus. The polyanion [P6W18O79](20-) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.33 ± 0.41 μM), ALR1 (IC50 = 0.4 ± 0.009 μM) and ALR2 (IC50 = 0.38 ± 0.02 μM). Animal studies showed that the polyanion [H2W12O40](6-) was very effective in reducing the blood glucose level to 84.25 ± 5.07 mg dL(-1) when compared with standard antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (150.62 ± 9.35 mg dL(-1)) measured after maximum 8 h of dose administration. The data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that [P6W18O79](20-) and [H2W12O40](6-) could be used as a new treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaitoon Ilyas
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Postal Code 22060, Pakistan.
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20
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Buha A, Antonijević B, Milovanović V, Janković S, Bulat Z, Matović V. Polychlorinated biphenyls as oxidative stress inducers in liver of subacutely exposed rats: implication for dose-dependence toxicity and benchmark dose concept. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:309-317. [PMID: 25460651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is one of the well-documented adverse health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)-persistent organic pollutants widely present in the environment. Although previous studies suggest possible role of oxidative stress, the precise mechanisms of PCB-induced ROS production in liver still remain to be fully assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of PCBs on the parameters of oxidative stress and to investigate whether these effects are dose dependent. Furthermore, a comparison between calculated benchmark doses (BMD) and estimated NOAEL values for investigated parameters, was made. Six groups of male albino Wistar rats (7 animals per group) were receiving Aroclor 1254 dissolved in corn oil in the doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg PCBs/kg b.w./day by oral gavage during 28 days while control animals were receiving corn oil only. The following parameters of oxidative stress were analyzed in liver homogenates: superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total protein thiol levels. Hepatic enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and protein albumin were also determined in serum as clinical parameters of liver function. Collected data on the investigated parameters were analyzed by the BMD method. The results of this study demonstrate that subacute exposure to PCBs causes induction of oxidative stress in liver with dose-dependent changes of the investigated parameters, although more pronounced adverse effects were observed on enzymatic than on non-enzymatic components of antioxidant protection. The obtained values for BMD and NOAEL support the use of BMD concept in the prediction of health risks associated with PCBs exposure. Furthermore, our results implicate possible use of MDA in PCBs risk assessment, since MDA was the most sensitive investigated parameter with calculated low critical effect dose of 0.07 mg/kg b.w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Milovanović
- Chemicals Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Janković
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Matović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Bertinat R, Nualart F, Li X, Yáñez AJ, Gomis R. Preclinical and Clinical Studies for Sodium Tungstate: Application in Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 25995968 PMCID: PMC4435618 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder triggered by the deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreatic β-cell or the resistance of peripheral tissues to the action of the hormone. Chronic hyperglycemia is the major consequence of this failure, and also the main cause of diabetic problems. Indeed, several clinical trials have agreed in that tight glycemic control is the best way to stop progression of the disease. Many anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes are commercially available, but no ideal normoglycemic agent has been developed yet. Moreover, weight gain is the most common side effect of many oral anti-diabetic agents and insulin, and increased weight has been shown to worsen glycemic control and increase the risk of diabetes progression. In this sense, the inorganic salt sodium tungstate (NaW) has been studied in different animal models of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, proving to have a potent effect on normalizing blood glucose levels and reducing body weight, without any hypoglycemic action. Although the liver has been studied as the main site of NaW action, positive effects have been also addressed in muscle, pancreas, brain, adipose tissue and intestine, explaining the effective anti-diabetic action of this salt. Here, we review NaW research to date in these different target organs. We believe that NaW deserves more attention, since all available anti-diabetic treatments remain suboptimal and new therapeutics are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bertinat
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile ; Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Xuhang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alejandro J Yáñez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile ; Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ramón Gomis
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain ; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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KOBLIHOVÁ E, MRÁZOVÁ I, VERNEROVÁ Z, RYSKA M. Acute Liver Failure Induced by Thioacetamide: Selection of Optimal Dosage in Wistar and Lewis Rats. Physiol Res 2014; 63:491-503. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition with very high mortality rate. Its pathophysiological background is still poorly understood, which necessitates a search for optimal experimental ALF models with features resembling those of the human disorder. Taking into consideration reproducibility of induction of ALF, adequate animal size, cost of animals, the required time gap between insult and death of animals (“therapeutic window”), potential risk to investigator and other aspects, administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in rats is currently most recommended. However, the fundamental details of this ALF model have not yet been evaluated. This prompted us to investigate, first, the course of ALF as induced by intraperitoneal TAA at doses increasing from 175 to 700 mg/kg BW per day. The animals’ survival rate, plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and bilirubin and ammonia levels were determined over the follow-up period. Second, we examined whether Wistar and Lewis rats exhibit any differences in the course of ALF induced by different TAA doses. We found that the optimal dose for ALF induction in rats is 350 mg.kg-1 i.p., given as a single injection. Wistar rats proved more susceptible to the development of TAA-induced ALF compared with Lewis rats. Collectively, our present findings provide a sound methodological background for experimental studies aimed at evaluation of pathophysiology and development of new approaches in the therapy of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. KOBLIHOVÁ
- Department of Surgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Central Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Kabil NN, Seddiek HA, Yassin NA, Gamal-Eldin MM. Effect of ghrelin on chronic liver injury and fibrogenesis in male rats: possible role of nitric oxide. Peptides 2014; 52:90-7. [PMID: 24333973 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that ghrelin may be an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in many organs, however its role in chronic liver injury (CLI) remains unclear. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in CLI is controversial as evidence suggests that NO is either a primary mediator of liver cell injury or exhibits a protective effect against injurious stimuli. Recent evidence demonstrated that the therapeutic potential for ghrelin was through eNOS activation and increase in NO production. However, its role on NO production in the liver has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ghrelin in treatment of CLI, and whether this action is mediated through NO. Forty male rats were divided into four groups: Group I: Control; Group II: chronic liver injury (CLI); Group III: CLI+Ghrelin; and Group IV: CLI+Ghrelin+l-NAME. Liver enzymes and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), were measured to assess hepatocellular injury. Liver tissue collagen content, malondialdehyde (MDA), gene expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and eNOS were assessed to determine the mechanism of ghrelin action. Results showed that ghrelin decreased serum liver enzymes and TNF-α levels. Ghrelin also reduced liver tissue collagen, MDA, and Bax gene expression, and increased Bcl-2 and eNOS gene expression. The effects on TNF-α, collagen, MDA, Bax, and eNOS were partially reversed in Group IV, suggesting that ghrelin's action could be through modulation of NO levels. Therefore, ghrelin's hepatoprotective effect is partially mediated by NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa N Kabil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan A Seddiek
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Nadia A Yassin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Kasr Al Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Gamal-Eldin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Kasr Al Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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24
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Protective role of antioxidants on thioacetamide-induced acute hepatic encephalopathy: Biochemical and Ultrastructural study. Tissue Cell 2013; 45:350-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Sachdeva S, Kushwaha P, Flora SJS. Effects of sodium tungstate on oxidative stress enzymes in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:519-27. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.787132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Allopurinol ameliorates thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure by regulating cellular redox-sensitive transcription factors in rats. Inflammation 2013; 35:1549-57. [PMID: 22535497 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays important role in the development of acute liver failure. In this study, we investigated effects of allopurinol (AP) upon thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury and the potential mechanisms leading to amelioration in inflammation with AP treatment. Acute liver failure was induced by intraperitoneal administration of TAA (300 mg/kg/day for 2 days). Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups as control (group 1), TAA (group 2), TAA + 25AP (group 3), TAA + 50 AP (group 4), and TAA + 100AP (group 5). The number of animals in each group was seven. At the end of the study, histopathological, biochemical, and western blot analysis were done. TAA treatment significantly increased serum levels of aminotransferases, liver malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-қB ), activator protein-1 (AP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and the necro-inflammation scores. Nevertheless, nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions in the liver were decreased by TAA. AP treatment significantly lowered the serum levels of aminotransferases (P < 0.01) and liver MDA, NF-κB, AP-1, TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-6 expressions (P < 0.05). Moreover, AP restored the liver Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions and improved the necro-inflammation scores significantly. AP improves oxidative stress-induced liver damage by regulating cellular redox-sensitive transcriptor factors and expression of pro-inflammatory and antioxidant defense mechanisms. AP probably exerts these beneficiary features by its free radical scavenging ability in a dose-dependent manner.
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In Vivo Tungsten Exposure Alters B-Cell Development and Increases DNA Damage in Murine Bone Marrow. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:434-46. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Al-Dbass AM, Al- Daihan SK, Bhat RS. Agaricus blazei Murill as an efficient hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19:303-9. [PMID: 23961190 PMCID: PMC3730730 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murill is one of the very popular edible medicinal mushrooms. The present study investigated the protective effect of this biologically active mushroom on the tissue peroxidative damage and abnormal antioxidant levels in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Male albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighting (120-150 g) were categorized into five groups. The first group served as the normal control, the second and the third groups were treated with Agaricus blazei Mushroom extract and carbon tetrachloride dose, respectively. Fourth group (protective group) was first treated with Agaricus blazei Mushroom extract followed by carbon tetrachloride treatment and fifth (therapeutic group) with carbon tetrachloride first followed by Agaricus blazei Mushroom treatment. The wet fruiting bodies of mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill, crushed and suspended in distilled water was administered orally to the treated groups of male albino rats. The activities of various enzymes (aspartate and alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase), levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E) and level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were determined in the serum of all the experimental animals. Decrease in all the enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant, along with an increase in the lipid peroxidative index (malondialdehyde) was found in all the carbon tetrachloride treated rats as compared with normal controls. Also increase level of non-enzymatic antioxidant along with the decrease level in malondialdehyde was found in all experimental animals which were treated with Agaricus blazei Mushroom extract as compared with normal controls. The findings indicate that the extract of Agaricus blazei Murill can protect the liver against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative damage in rats and is an efficient hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AbM, Agaricus blazei Murill
- Agaricus blazei Murill
- Antioxidant
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- Carbon tetrachloride
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- Hepatoprotective
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Liver
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- vit. C, vitamin C
- vit. E, vitamin E
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Al-Dbass
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University. P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Once initiated, how does toxic tissue injury expand? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:200-6. [PMID: 22443935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Once initiated, how tissue injury expands after high toxicant doses, even after their complete elimination, is not understood. Free-radical generation was initially proposed to mediate progression of injury. However, mechanisms proposed thus far have remained unsubstantiated. Necrotic injury is characterized by loss of osmoregulation, cell swelling, blebbing, and cell rupture. This exposes cytosolic enzymes, including proteases, phospholipases, and lysosomal Ca(2+)-dependent enzymes, to high extracellular calcium (Ca(2+)). Activated hydrolytic enzymes, termed 'death proteins,' hydrolyze their substrates in the plasma membrane of neighboring cells, commencing self-perpetuated injury progression. Likewise, ischemia-reperfusion injury exposes the hydrolytic enzymes to high Ca(2+), fuelling the progression of tissue injury. This mechanism is independent of the offending toxicant that initiates the injury. I present here a case for therapeutic intervention with inhibitors directed against death proteins as a means to avert organ failure and death well after the poisoning event.
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30
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Matović V, Buha A, Bulat Z, Đukić-Ćosić D, Miljković M, Ivanišević J, Kotur-Stevuljević J. Route-dependent effects of cadmium/cadmium and magnesium acute treatment on parameters of oxidative stress in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:552-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Li F, Sun JY, Liu M, Lu WY, Wang JY, Shi JY. Sterically stable liposomes improve the therapeutic effect of hepatic stimulator substance on fulminant hepatic failure in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:556-65. [PMID: 21664898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few drugs have been confirmed to be effective for fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). The purpose of this study was to prepare sterically stable liposomes (SSL) encapsulating hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) and determine their therapeutic effect on FHF. METHODS HSS were encapsulated into SSL (HSS-SSL). FHF was induced in rats by thioacetamide (TAA) injection (400mg/kg, three times with a 24-h interval). The agents, including HSS-SSL, SSL, HSS, and sodium chloride (NS), were each injected intravenously 2h after the second and the third TAA injection. RESULTS Freshly prepared HSS-SSL had a mean size of 93.59nm and the average encapsulation efficiency was 37.20%. HSS encapsulated in SSL showed a longer half life and more potent target to injured livers than free HSS. Twenty-four hours after the third TAA-injection, the survival rate of HSS-SSL-treated rats (80%) was significantly higher than that of rats treated with NS (20%), SSL (25%), or HSS (50%). Histopathologic examination showed that there was the least necrosis and inflammation in the livers of HSS-SSL-treated rats. The incidence of stage 3 or 4 hepatic encephalopathy in HSS-SSL-treated rats was significantly lower than that in rats treated with other agents. The serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and hepatic lipid peroxidation levels were both markedly reduced, while hepatocyte proliferative rate was markedly increased after HSS-SSL treatment. CONCLUSION Encapsulation by SSL markedly improved the therapeutic effect of HSS on FHF in rats. Encapsulation by SSL may be an effective approach to enhance the therapeutic potency of drugs for FHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
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32
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Panatto JP, Jeremias IC, Ferreira GK, Ramos AC, Rochi N, Gonçalves CL, Daufenbach JF, Jeremias GC, Carvalho-Silva M, Rezin GT, Scaini G, Streck EL. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain in the brain of rats after hepatic failure induced by acetaminophen. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 350:149-54. [PMID: 21203802 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe hepatic failure. This disease is clinically characterized by a large variety of symptoms including motor symptoms, cognitive deficits, as well as changes in the level of alertness up to hepatic coma. Acetaminophen is frequently used in animals to produce an experimental model to study the mechanisms involved in the progression of hepatic disease. The brain is highly dependent on ATP and most cell energy is obtained through oxidative phosphorylation, a process requiring the action of various respiratory enzyme complexes located in a special structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this context, the authors evaluated the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in the brain of rats submitted to acute administration of acetaminophen and treated with the combination of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus deferoxamine (DFX) or taurine. These results showed that acetaminophen administration inhibited the activities of complexes I and IV in cerebral cortex and that the treatment with NAC plus DFX or taurine was not able to reverse this inhibition. The authors did not observe any effect of acetaminophen administration on complexes II and III activities in any of the structures studied. The participation of oxidative stress has been postulated in the hepatic encephalopathy and it is well known that the electron transport chain itself is vulnerable to damage by reactive oxygen species. Since there was no effect of NAC + DFX, the effect of acetaminophen was likely to be due to something else than oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana P Panatto
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
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33
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Demirel U, Harputluoglu MMM, Seckin Y, Ciralik H, Temel I, Ozyalin F, Otlu B, Yilmaz B, Dincturk MS, Aladag H. An antibody of TNF-alpha did not prevent thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:560-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110374206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibodies have been shown to reduce liver damage in different models. We investigated the effects of infliximab (a TNF-α antibody) on liver damage in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Group 1 (n = 8) was the control group. In group 2 (n = 8), the TAA group, the rats received 300 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) TAA daily for 2 days. In group 3 (n = 8), the TAA + Infliximab (INF) group, infliximab (5 mg/kg ip daily) was administered 48 hours before the first dose of TAA daily for 2 days and was maintained for 4 consecutive days. In group 4 (n = 8), the INF group, the rats received only ip infliximab (5 mg/kg) daily. Livers were excised for histopathological and biochemical tests (thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances [TBARS], and myeloperoxidase [MPO]). Serum ammonia, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), TNF-α, liver TBARS and MPO levels, and liver necrosis and inflammation scores in the TAA group were significantly higher than in the control and INF groups (all p < 0.01). All parameters except AST were not significantly different between TAA and TAA + INF. In conclusion, our results suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in TAA-induced hepatotoxicity, and infliximab does not improve oxidative liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Demirel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Firat University Medical Faculty, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Yuksel Seckin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harun Ciralik
- Department of Pathology, Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ismail Temel
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ozyalin
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Baris Otlu
- Department of Microbiology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Bilgic Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | | | - Hulya Aladag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Malatya Devlet Hastanesi, Malatya, Turkey
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Topic A, Milenkovic M, Uskokovic-Markovic S, Vucicevic D. Insulin mimetic effect of tungsten compounds on isolated rat adipocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 134:296-306. [PMID: 19644657 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of effective, orally active, and safe antidiabetic metallopharmaceuticals have been carried out during the last two decades. It has been reported that tungsten compounds mimic the action of insulin in intact cell systems. As insulin mimetics, the most investigated tungsten compound was sodium tungstate (ST), rarely investigated was tungstophosphoric acid (WPA), but never alanine complex of tungstophosphoric acid (WPA-A). In this study, the insulin mimetic activity of three different tungsten compounds, ST, WPA, and WPA-A, was evaluated by means of in vitro measurements of the glucose uptake and inhibition of free fatty acids release from epinephrine-treated isolated rat white adipocytes. We investigated the influence of concentration (lower and higher, 0.1 and 1.0 mM, respectively) and solvent: isotonic salt solution-saline (0.9% w/v of NaCl) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 2% v/v), on the biological effect of tested compounds. Our experimental data showed that all of the three investigated tungsten compounds possess insulin mimetic activity in vitro on the isolated adipocytes. Influence of concentration and solvents on insulin mimetic effect for the certain tungsten compounds were: WPA was shown effect independently of concentration and solvents; higher concentration and DMSO were significant decreasing insulin mimetic effect of ST; lower concentration and saline led to decreasing effect of WPA-A. Generally, there were no differences in insulin mimetic effect of three tungsten compounds in lower concentration and dissolved in DMSO. When saline was used as solvent, it was needed higher concentration of investigated compounds to accomplish the same effect. In conclusion, our results suggest that low concentration (0.1 mM) of ST, WPA, and WPA-A dissolved in 2% DMSO could be the good candidates for in vivo investigation of their antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Topic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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35
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Johnson DR, Ang C, Bednar AJ, Inouye LS. Tungsten effects on phosphate-dependent biochemical pathways are species and liver cell line dependent. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:523-32. [PMID: 20421338 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tungsten, in the form of tungstate, polymerizes with phosphate, and as extensive polymerization occurs, cellular phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions may be disrupted, resulting in negative effects on cellular functions. A series of studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of tungsten on several phosphate-dependent intracellular functions, including energy cycling (ATP), regulation of enzyme activity (cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase [cytPTK] and tyrosine phosphatase), and intracellular secondary messengers (cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP]). Rat noncancerous hepatocyte (Clone-9), rat cancerous hepatocyte (H4IIE), and human cancerous hepatocyte (HepG2) cells were exposed to 1-1000 mg/l tungsten (in the form of sodium tungstate) for 24 h, lysed, and analyzed for the above biochemical parameters. Cellular ATP levels were not significantly affected in any cell line. After 4 h, tungsten significantly decreased cytPTK activity in Clone-9 cells at >or= 18 mg/l, had no effect in H4IIE cells, and significantly increased cytPTK activity by 70% in HepG2 cells at >or= 2 mg/l. CytPTK displayed a slight hormetic response to tungsten after 24-h exposure yet returned to normal after 48-h exposure. Tungsten significantly increased cAMP by over 60% in Clone-9 cells at >or= 100 mg/l, significantly increased cAMP in H4IIE cells at only 100 mg/l, and significantly increased cAMP in HepG2 cells between 1-100 mg/l but at much more modest levels (8-20%). In conclusion, these data indicate that tungsten produces complex results that must be carefully interpreted in the context of their respective animal models, as well as the phenotype of the cell lines (i.e., normal vs. cancerous).
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Johnson
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, USA.
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36
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Pacheco GS, Panatto JP, Fagundes DA, Scaini G, Bassani C, Jeremias IC, Rezin GT, Constantino L, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL. Brain creatine kinase activity is inhibited after hepatic failure induced by carbon tetrachloride or acetaminophen. Metab Brain Dis 2009; 24:383-94. [PMID: 19688255 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-009-9143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Encephalopathy is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe hepatic failure and the mechanisms underlying hepatic encephalopathy are still not fully known. Considering that creatine kinase (CK) play a crucial role in brain energy homeostasis and is inhibited by free radicals, and that oxidative stress is probably involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, we evaluated CK activity in hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, cerebral cortex and prefrontal cortex of rats submitted to acute administration of carbon tetrachloride or acetaminophen. The effects of the administration of antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus deferoxamine (DFX) in association, and taurine, were also evaluated. Our findings demonstrated that carbon tetrachloride inhibited CK activity in cerebellum; acetaminophen inhibited the enzyme in cerebellum and hippocampus. CK activity was not affected in other brain areas. The administration of NAC plus DFX reversed the inhibition of CK activity caused by carbon tetrachloride in cerebellum and by acetaminophen in cerebellum and hippocampus. On the other hand, taurine was not able to reverse the inhibition in CK activity. Although it is difficult to extrapolate our findings to the human condition, the inhibition of brain CK activity after hepatic failure may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo S Pacheco
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Ohta Y, Matsura T, Kitagawa A, Tokunaga K, Yamada K. Xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species contribute to the development ofd-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats. Free Radic Res 2009; 41:135-44. [PMID: 17364939 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600953842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether xanthine oxidase (XO)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of D-galactosamine (D-GaIN)-induced liver injury in rats. In rats treated with D-GaIN (500 mg/kg), liver injury appeared 6 h after treatment and developed until 24 h. Hepatic XO and myeloperoxidase activities increased 12 and 6 h, respectively, after D-GalN treatment and continued to increase until 24 h. D-GalN-treated rats had increased hepatic lipid peroxide (LPO) content and decreased hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and Se-glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHpx) activities at 24 h, but not 6 h, after treatment. Allopurinol (10, 25 or 50 mg/kg) administered at 6 h after D-GalN treatment attenuated not only the advanced liver injury and increased hepatic XO activity but also all other changes observed at 24 h after the treatment dose-dependently. These results suggest that XO-derived ROS contribute to the development of D-GaIN-induced liver injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiji Ohta
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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Smyth R, Turton JA, Clarke CJ, York MJ, Dare TO, Lane CS, Munday MR. Identification of superoxide dismutase as a potential urinary marker of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2972-83. [PMID: 18586068 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the identification of a novel protein marker of hepatotoxicity in rat urine. Rats were dosed by gavage with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) to induce acute liver injury. Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionisation (SELDI) ProteinChip technology revealed the appearance of a 15.7 kDa protein in the CCl(4)-treated rat urine. One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) identified an 18.4 kDa protein in the CCl(4)-treated rat urine. The appearance of either protein was coincident over a time course during which they first appeared at 12h post-dosing, peaked at 36h and had disappeared again within 3 days post-dosing. The protein was identified by in-gel digestion and nano-electrospray (nano-ES)-tandem mass spectrometry as Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1). SOD activity was found to be increased by 61.4-fold in CCl(4)-treated rat urine. Western blots of tissue homogenates from the rats revealed a time-dependent loss of SOD-1 from the livers of CCl(4)-treated rats matching the time course of SOD-1 appearance in urine. SOD-1 is not specifically located in liver; however, its appearance in urine in response to acute CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity is a novel finding; this coupled with loss from the liver following injury suggests urinary SOD-1 may be a potential marker of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Smyth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Lee SH, Cho HG, Lee SI. The Effects of Tungstate on Skin Lesions Caused by PPD in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:681-4. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Lee
- Department of Style Coordination, Kyongdo Provincial College
| | - Hyun-Gug Cho
- Department of Visual Optics, Kyungwoon University
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Food, Nutrition & Cookery, Keimyung College
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Harputluoglu MMM, Demirel U, Ciralik H, Temel I, Firat S, Ara C, Aladag M, Karincaoglu M, Hilmioglu F. Protective effects of Gingko biloba on thioacetamide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007; 25:705-13. [PMID: 17286148 DOI: 10.1177/0960327106073827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gingko biloba (GB) has antioxidant and platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonistic effects. We investigated the protective effects of GB on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced fulminant hepatic failure in rats. Fulminant hepatic failure was induced in treatment groups by three intraperitoneal (ip) injections of TAA (350 mg/kg) at 24-hour intervals. Treatments with GB (100 mg/kg per day, orally) and N-acetylcysteine (20 mg/kg twice daily, sc) were initiated 48 hours prior to TAA administration. The liver was removed for histopathological examinations. Serum and liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels were measured for assessment of oxidative stress. Liver necrosis and inflammation scores and serum and liver TBARS levels were significantly higher in the TAA group compared to the control group (P < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Liver necrosis and inflammation scores and liver TBARS levels were significantly lower in the GB group compared to the TAA group (P < 0.001, < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). GB ameliorated hepatic damage in TAA-induced fulminant hepatic failure. This may be due to the free radical-scavenging effects of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M M Harputluoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey.
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Liu J, Cho SN, Song KH, Kim DH, Kim MC, Cho SW. The effect of oculo-acupuncture on acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in dogs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2007; 35:53-61. [PMID: 17265550 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07004618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic effect of oculo-acupuncture on dogs induced with acute hepatic injury. Hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in 8 mongrel dogs (4 females and 4 males, aged 2 to 4 years). The dogs were divided into the control group (4 dogs) and the experimental group (4 dogs). The experimental group was treated with oculo-acupuncture at the liver/gallbladder regions plus the zhong jiao region of the eye after the induction of hepatic injury. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities were measured in both control and experimental groups. The serum AST, ALT, and GGT activities in the experimental group were decreased as compared to those in the control group. The significant differences were detected on the third day (AST, p < 0.05), second day (ALT, p < 0.05) and third day (GGT, p < 0.05) in the experimental group, respectively. Oculo-acupuncture alleviated acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in dogs was also confirmed by histopathological examination. We concluded that oculo-acupuncture at the liver/gallbladder regions plus the zhong jiao region was effective in the recovery of dogs from hepatic injury in a CCl(4)-induced model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhu Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Jelikić-Stankov M, Uskoković-Marković S, Holclajtner-Antunović I, Todorović M, Djurdjević P. Compounds of Mo, V and W in biochemistry and their biomedical activity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2007; 21:8-16. [PMID: 17317520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten compounds are widely applied as analytical reagents for determination of numerous pharmacologically active substances and different biochemical parameters. Recent data from the available literature pointed to a very potent biomedical activity of compounds containing these trace elements. The present paper represents a survey on the structure and chemical properties of these compounds, as well as on their biological activity, mostly based on their interaction with cations of biomolecules, such as phospholipids and proteins. Besides, their potent inhibitory effects on cellular targets, bacterial and viral DNA and RNA polymerases will be discussed, as well. Numerous authors clearly demonstrated the antiviral (especially anti-HIV), anticoagulant and antineoplastic properties of the compounds containing the above trace elements. It has been also shown that these compounds act on some cellular enzymatic systems leading to the normalisation of blood pressure, blood glucose and serum lipid levels. Also, compounds of these trace elements represent potent antiobesity agents and express hepatoprotective and antioxidative stress activity.
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Chen LH, Hsu CY, Weng CF. Involvement of P53 and Bax/Bad triggering apoptosis in thioacetamide-induced hepatic epithelial cells. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:5175-81. [PMID: 16937528 PMCID: PMC4088015 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i32.5175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Thioacetamide (TAA) has been used in studying liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, however, the mechanisms of TAA-induced apoptosis in liver are still unclear. The hepatic epithelial cell line clone 9 was cultured and treated with TAA to investigate the causes of cell death.
METHODS: The cell viability of TAA-induced clone 9 cells was determined using MTT assay. Total cellular GSH in TAA-induced clone 9 cells was measured using a slight modification of the Tietze assay. The activity of caspase 3 in TAA-induced clone 9 cells was monitored by the cleavage of DEVD-p-nitroanaline. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were applied for the determination of DNA fragmentation and the proportion of apoptosis in TAA-induced clone 9 cells, respectively. The alterations of caspase 3, Bad, Bax and Phospho-P53 contents in TAA-induced clone 9 cells were measured by Western blot.
RESULTS: The experimental data indicated that TAA caused rat hepatic epithelial cell line clone 9 cell death in a dose-and time-dependent manner; 60% of the cells died (MTT assay) within 24 h after 100 mg/L TAA was applied. Apoptotic cell percentage (TUNEL assay) and caspase 3 activities were highest after 100 mg/L TAA was added for 8 h. The release of GSH and the elevation in caspase content after TAA treatment resulted in clone 9 cell apoptosis via oxidative stress and a caspase-dependent mechanism. The phospho-p53, Bax and Bad protein expressions in clone 9 cells were increased after TAA treatment.
CONCLUSION: These results reveal that TAA activates p53, increases caspase 3, Bax and Bad protein contents, perhaps causing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and the disintegration of membranes, leading to apoptosis of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, China
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Pallottini V, Martini C, Bassi AM, Romano P, Nanni G, Trentalance A. Rat HMGCoA reductase activation in thioacetamide-induced liver injury is related to an increased reactive oxygen species content. J Hepatol 2006; 44:368-74. [PMID: 16140414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In thioacetamide-induced liver injury a modification of isoprenoid content and an increase of reactive oxygen species has been described. We have examined how reactive oxygen species influence the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate limiting enzyme of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, to verify if changes of that enzyme activity are involved in the changed lipid composition of the liver. METHODS In chronic and acute thioacetamide-treated rat liver we measured the reactive oxygen species content, the activation state and K(M), the level and degradation rate of the hepatic reductase, its short term regulatory enzymes and the liver lipid profile. RESULTS In thioacetamide-treated rat liver, the reactive oxygen species content is high and the reductase is fully activated with no modifications in its K(M) and its short term regulatory enzymes. The reductase level is reduced in chronic thioacetamide treated rats and its degradation rate is altered. CONCLUSIONS The data show a relationship between reactive oxygen species production and altered 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. It is suggested that reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species may improve the altered lipid profile found in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146-Rome, Italy.
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Shapiro H, Ashkenazi M, Weizman N, Shahmurov M, Aeed H, Bruck R. Curcumin ameliorates acute thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 21:358-66. [PMID: 16509859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Increased production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and activation of nuclear factor kappa B are implicated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, including fulminant hepatic failure. Curcumin is a naturally occurring anti-oxidant that reduces oxidative stress and inhibits nuclear factor kappa B and nitric oxide formation. The aim of the present study is to assess curcumin's therapeutic potential in acute thioacetamide hepatotoxicity, a rat model of fulminant hepatic failure. METHODS Fulminant hepatic failure was induced by two intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 300 mg/kg thioacetamide (TAA) at 24-h intervals. The experimental groups received a low-dose (200 mg/kg per day, i.p.) or a high-dose (400 mg/kg per day) of curcumin, initiated 48 h prior to the first TAA injection. A fourth group was administered neither TAA nor curcumin and served as a control. RESULTS The survival rate was higher in both curcumin-treated groups compared to the TAA only treated group. Biochemical parameters of liver injury, blood ammonia and hepatic necroinflammation were lower in the low-dose curcumin group compared to TAA controls, and were further reduced in the high-dose group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Curcumin treatment also reduced the TAA-induced elevated hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and inhibited the nuclear binding of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin improved survival and minimized oxidative stress, hepatocellular injury and hepatic necroinflammation, NFkappaB binding and iNOS expression in a rat model of FHF. These findings support the role of ROS, NFkappaB and iNOS in mediating liver insult due to TAA, and that of curcumin as a hepato-protectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Shapiro
- The Unit of Clinical Hypnosis, The E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Silvestre RA, Egido EM, Hernández R, Marco J. Tungstate stimulates insulin release and inhibits somatostatin output in the perfused rat pancreas. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 519:127-34. [PMID: 16126195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the rat pancreas, infusion of sodium-tungstate stimulates basal insulin release in a dose-dependent manner. We have studied tungstate's effects on the insulin secretion elicited by various B-cell secretagogues. Somatostatin output was also measured. The study was performed in the perfused pancreas isolated from normal or somatostatin-depleted pancreases as induced by cysteamine pre-treatment. In control rats, tungstate co-infusion (5 mM) potentiated the insulin secretory responses to glucose (2.7-fold; P<0.01), arginine (2-fold; P<0.01), exendin-4 (3-fold; P<0.01), glucagon (4-fold; P<0.05), and tolbutamide (2-fold; P<0.01). It also inhibited the somatostatin secretory responses to glucose (90%; P<0.01), arginine (95%; P<0.01), glucagon (80%; P<0.025), exendin-4 (80%; P<0.05) and tolbutamide (85%; P<0.01). In somatostatin-depleted pancreases, the stimulatory effect of tungstate on basal insulin secretion and its potentiation of arginine-induced insulin output were comparable to those found in control rats. Our observations suggest an amplifying effect of tungstate on a common step in the insulin stimulus/secretion coupling process, and would rule out a paracrine effect mediated by the inhibition of somatostatin secretion induced by this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona A Silvestre
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro and Department of Physiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, San Martín de Porres 4, 28035 Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang LM, Liu DW, Liu JB, Zhang XL, Wang XB, Tang LM, Wang LQ. Effect of naked eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding rat augmenter of liver regeneration on acute hepatic injury and hepatic failure in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:3680-5. [PMID: 15968720 PMCID: PMC4316016 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i24.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the protective effect of eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) on acute hepatic injury and hepatic failure in rats. METHODS The PCR-amplified ALR gene was recombined with pcDNA3 plasmid, and used to treat rats with acute hepatic injury. The rats with acute hepatic injury induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL/kg 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) were randomly divided into saline control group and recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid treatment groups. Recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid DNA (50 or 200 microg/kg) was injected into the rats with acute hepatic injury intravenously, intraperitoneally, or intravenously and intraperitoneally in combination 4 h after CCl(4) administration, respectively. The recombinant plasmid was injected once per 12 h into all treatment groups four times, and the rats were decapitated 12 h after the last injection. Hepatic histopathological alterations were observed after HE staining, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was determined by biochemical method. The recombinant plasmid DNA (200 microg/kg) and saline were intraperitoneally injected into the rats with acute hepatic failure induced by intraperitoneal injection of 4 mL/kg 50% CCl(4) after 4 h of CCl(4) administration, respectively. Rats living over 96 h were considered as survivals. RESULTS The sequence of ALR cDNA of recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid was accordant with the reported sequence of rat ALR cDNA. After the rats with acute hepatic injury were treated with recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid, the degree of liver histopathological injury markedly decreased. The pathologic liver tissues, in which hepatic degeneration and necrosis of a small amount of hepatocytes and a large amount of infiltrating inflammatory cells were observed, and they became basically normal in the most effective group after four times of injection of recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid. The indexes of PCNA significantly increased in the recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid treatment groups compared to model group. The level of serum AST and ALT remarkably reduced in recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid treatment groups compared to model group. The results showed that the effect of 200 microg/kg recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid in the rats with acute liver injury was stronger than that of 50 microg/kg pcDNA3-ALR DNA. The effect of intravenous injection of recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid was better. After the rats with acute hepatic failure were treated with recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid, the survival rate (40%) significantly increased in treatment groups compared to control group (15%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The ALR gene may play an important role in relieving acute hepatic injury and hepatic failure by promoting hepatic cell proliferation and reducing level of AST and ALT in CCl(4)-intoxicated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second People's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Mehendale HM. Tissue repair: an important determinant of final outcome of toxicant-induced injury. Toxicol Pathol 2005; 33:41-51. [PMID: 15805055 DOI: 10.1080/01926230590881808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair is a dynamic compensatory cell proliferation and tissue regeneration response stimulated in order to overcome acute toxicity and recover organ/tissue structure and function. Extensive evidence in rodent models using structurally and mechanistically diverse hepatotoxicants such as acetaminophen (APAP), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), chloroform (CHCl3), thioacetamide (TA), trichloroethylene (TCE), and allyl alcohol (AA) have demonstrated that tissue repair plays a critical role in determining the final outcome of toxicity, i.e., recovery from injury and survival or progression of injury leading to liver failure and death. Tissue repair is a complex process governed by intricate cellular signaling involving a number of chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and nuclear receptors leading to promitogenic gene expression and cell division. Tissue repair also encompasses regeneration of hepatic extracellular matrix and angiogenesis, the processes necessary to completely restore the structure and function of the liver tissue lost to toxicant-induced initiation followed by progression of injury. New insights have emerged over the last quarter century indicating that tissue repair follows a dose response. Tissue repair increases with dose until a threshold dose, beyond which it is delayed and impaired due to inhibition of cellular signaling resulting in runaway secondary events causing tissue destruction, organ failure, and death. Prompt and adequately stimulated tissue repair response to toxic injury is critical for recovery from toxic injury. Tissue repair is modulated by a variety of factors including species, strain, age, nutrition, and disease condition causing marked changes in susceptibility and toxic outcome. This review focuses on the properties of tissue repair, different factors affecting tissue repair, and the mechanisms that govern tissue repair and progression of injury. It also highlights the significance of tissue repair as a target for drug development strategies and an important consideration in the assessment of risk from exposure to toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harihara M Mehendale
- Department of Toxicology College of Health Sciences, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71209, USA. mehendale @ulm.edu
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