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Mudri D, Bilić Ćurčić I, Meštrović L, Mihaljević I, Kizivat T. Hyperthyroidism and Wnt Signaling Pathway: Influence on Bone Remodeling. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020241. [PMID: 36837860 PMCID: PMC9968154 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland, characterized by increased production of thyroid hormones, which can affect many different organ systems in the body. Among other problems, it can cause disorders of the skeletal system, shortening the bone remodeling cycle and causing a decrease in bone density. The Wnt cascade signaling pathway and the β-catenin, as a part of the canonical Wnt pathway, also play roles in maintaining bone mass. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway can cause bone loss, and its stimulation can increase it. The Wnt signaling pathway influences the effectiveness of thyroid hormones by affecting receptors for thyroid hormones and deiodinase, while thyroid hormones can change levels of β-catenin within the cell cytoplasm. This indicates that the Wnt pathway and thyroid hormone levels, including hyperthyroidism, are linked and may act together to change bone density. In this review article, we attempt to explain the interplay between thyroid hormones and the Wnt pathway on bone density, with a focus on directions for further research and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Mudri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilić Ćurčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.B.Ć.); (T.K.)
| | - Lucija Meštrović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Mihaljević
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Croatia, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kizivat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.B.Ć.); (T.K.)
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Atia GAN, Shalaby HK, Zehravi M, Ghobashy MM, Attia HAN, Ahmad Z, Khan FS, Dey A, Mukerjee N, Alexiou A, Rahman MH, Klepacka J, Najda A. Drug-Loaded Chitosan Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153192. [PMID: 35956708 PMCID: PMC9371089 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural anionic polysaccharide with a changeable architecture and an abundance of functional groups; in addition, it can be converted into various shapes and sizes, making it appropriate for a variety of applications. This article examined and summarized current developments in chitosan-based materials, with a focus on the modification of chitosan, and presented an abundance of information about the fabrication and use of chitosan-derived products in periodontal regeneration. Numerous preparation and modification techniques for enhancing chitosan performance, as well as the uses of chitosan and its metabolites, were reviewed critically and discussed in depth in this study. Chitosan-based products may be formed into different shapes and sizes, considering fibers, nanostructures, gels, membranes, and hydrogels. Various drug-loaded chitosan devices were discussed regarding periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Abdel Nasser Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (G.A.N.A.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Hany K. Shalaby
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez P.O. Box 43512, Egypt
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo P.O. Box 13759, Egypt
| | - Hager Abdel Nasser Attia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21526, Egypt
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Dehran Al-Junub, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat S. Khan
- Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Dehran Al-Junub, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Khardaha 700118, India
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.A.N.A.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Joanna Klepacka
- Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Science in Lublin, Doświadczalna Street 51A, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (G.A.N.A.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.)
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Abdel Nasser Atia G, Shalaby HK, Zehravi M, Ghobashy MM, Ahmad Z, Khan FS, Dey A, Rahman MH, Joo SW, Barai HR, Cavalu S. Locally Applied Repositioned Hormones for Oral Bone and Periodontal Tissue Engineering: A Narrative Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142964. [PMID: 35890740 PMCID: PMC9319147 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and periodontium are tissues that have a unique capacity to repair from harm. However, replacing or regrowing missing tissues is not always effective, and it becomes more difficult as the defect grows larger. Because of aging and the increased prevalence of debilitating disorders such as diabetes, there is a considerable increase in demand for orthopedic and periodontal surgical operations, and successful techniques for tissue regeneration are still required. Even with significant limitations, such as quantity and the need for a donor area, autogenous bone grafts remain the best solution. Topical administration methods integrate osteoconductive biomaterial and osteoinductive chemicals as hormones as alternative options. This is a promising method for removing the need for autogenous bone transplantation. Furthermore, despite enormous investigation, there is currently no single approach that can reproduce all the physiologic activities of autogenous bone transplants. The localized bioengineering technique uses biomaterials to administer different hormones to capitalize on the host’s regeneration capacity and capability, as well as resemble intrinsic therapy. The current study adds to the comprehension of the principle of hormone redirection and its local administration in both bone and periodontal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Abdel Nasser Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (G.A.N.A.); (H.K.S.); (H.R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Hany K. Shalaby
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez P.O. Box 43512, Egypt
- Correspondence: (G.A.N.A.); (H.K.S.); (H.R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 8029, Cairo 13759, Egypt;
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Dehran Al-Junub, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farhat S. Khan
- Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Dehran Al-Junub, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Hasi Rani Barai
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.A.N.A.); (H.K.S.); (H.R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Piata 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (G.A.N.A.); (H.K.S.); (H.R.B.); (S.C.)
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The TSH/Thyroid Hormones Axis and Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030687. [PMID: 35160139 PMCID: PMC8836919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most prevalent female carcinoma, is characterized by the expression of steroid nuclear receptors in a subset of cases. The most important nuclear receptor with prognostic and therapeutic implications is the Estrogen Receptor (ER), which is expressed in about three out of four breast cancers. The Progesterone Receptor (PR) and the Androgen Receptor (AR) are also commonly expressed. Moreover, non-steroid nuclear receptors, including the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the thyroid receptors (TRs), are also present in breast cancers and have pathophysiologic implications. Circulating thyroid hormones may influence breast cancer risk and breast cancer cell survival, through ligating their canonical receptors TRα and TRβ but also through additional membrane receptors that are expressed in breast cancer. The expression of TR subtypes and their respective isotypes have diverse effects in breast cancers through co-operation with ER and influence on other cancer-associated pathways. Other components of the TSH/thyroid hormone axis, such as TSH and selenoiodinase enzymes, have putative effects in breast cancer pathophysiology. This paper reviews the pathophysiologic and prognostic implications of the thyroid axis in breast cancer and provides a brief therapeutic perspective.
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Shahzadi L, Bashir M, Tehseen S, Zehra M, Mehmood A, Chaudhry AA, Rehman IU, Yar M. Thyroxine impregnated chitosan-based dressings stimulate angiogenesis and support fast wounds healing in rats: Potential clinical candidates. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:296-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hasebe T, Fujimoto K, Buchholz DR, Ishizuya-Oka A. Stem cell development involves divergent thyroid hormone receptor subtype expression and epigenetic modifications in the Xenopus metamorphosing intestine. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 292:113441. [PMID: 32084349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the intestine during metamorphosis of the frog Xenopus laevis, most of the larval epithelial cells are induced to undergo apoptosis by thyroid hormone (TH), and under continued TH action, the remaining epithelial cells dedifferentiate into stem cells (SCs), which then newly generate an adult epithelium analogous to the mammalian intestinal epithelium. Previously, we have shown that the precursors of the SCs that exist in the larval epithelium as differentiated absorptive cells specifically express receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2). By using Ror2 as a marker, we have immunohistochemically shown here that these SC precursors, but not the larval epithelial cells destined to die by apoptosis, express TH receptor α (TRα). Upon initiation of TH-dependent remodeling, TRα expression remains restricted to the SCs as well as proliferating adult epithelial primordia derived from them. As intestinal folds form, TRα expression becomes localized in the trough of the folds where the SCs reside. In contrast, TRβ expression is transiently up-regulated in the entire intestine concomitantly with the increase of endogenous TH levels and is most highly expressed in the developing adult epithelial primordia. Moreover, we have shown here that global histone H4 acetylation is enhanced in the SC precursors and adult primordia including the SCs, while tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 is lacking in those cells during metamorphosis. Our results strongly suggest distinct roles of TRα and TRβ in the intestinal larval-to-adult remodeling, involving distinctive epigenetic modifications in the SC lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hasebe
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujimoto
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan.
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Galanou S, Chouliaras G, Girginoudis P, Mengreli C, Sertedaki A, Dracopoulou M, Farakla I, Platis D, Iliadi A, Chrousos GP, Dacou-Voutetakis C, Zoumakis E, Magiakou AM, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Voutetakis A. Adrenal steroids in female hypothyroid neonates: Unraveling an association between thyroid hormones & adrenal remodeling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3996-4004. [PMID: 30785998 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The adrenal gland undergoes significant remodeling during the neonatal period, an essential developmental process that still remains incompletely understood. With respect to control over the remodeling process and, specifically, the role of thyroid hormones (TH), no human studies have been published. The effect of both hypo- and hyper-thyroidism has only been evaluated in adults, focusing on the mature adrenal. Recently, Huang et al identified expression of the TH receptor β1 in the mouse adrenal X-zone and demonstrated that TH administration could alter the postnatal adrenal remodeling process. OBJECTIVE To address whether TH influence adrenal steroid profiles and adrenal remodeling during the neonatal period. METHODS We compared the adrenal steroid profile of a naturally occurring prototype, female neonates with severe congenital hypothyroidism (CH, n=22, upon diagnosis of CH), with that of euthyroid neonates (n=20). RESULTS Significantly higher levels of adrenal steroids (17-OH-progesterone, DHEAS, Δ4- androstenedione and testosterone) were measured in neonates with severe CH compared to euthyroid neonates, returning within normal range after euthyroid state had been established on L-thyroxine replacement therapy whereas cortisol levels did not differ. TSH values in the CH group were positively, while FT4 levels were negatively correlated with circulating adrenal steroids. CONCLUSIONS The hormonal profile of female neonates with severe CH suggests a more active adrenal fetal zone than controls. These data indirectly associate TH with the adrenal remodeling and maturation process in humans. Based on our results we suggest that severe hypothyroidism decelerates the involution of the adrenal fetal zone that normally occurs postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Galanou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgos Chouliaras
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Girginoudis
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Child Health, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chryssanthi Mengreli
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Child Health, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Sertedaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dracopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Farakla
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Platis
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Child Health, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Iliadi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Child Health, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Catherine Dacou-Voutetakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emanuil Zoumakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra-Maria Magiakou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Voutetakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Wnt Signaling in Thyroid Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040204. [PMID: 29642644 PMCID: PMC5924546 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is essential for stem cell maintenance, but little is known about its role in thyroid hormone signaling and thyroid stem cell survival and maintenance. In addition, the role of Wnt signaling in thyroid cancer progenitor cells is also unclear. Here, we present emerging evidence for the role of Wnt signaling in somatic thyroid stem cell and thyroid cancer stem cell function. An improved understanding of the role of Wnt signaling in thyroid physiology and carcinogenesis is essential for improving both thyroid disease diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Frau C, Godart M, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormone regulation of intestinal epithelial stem cell biology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:90-97. [PMID: 28288904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a well-characterized target of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone nuclear receptors TRs, as extensively described in the literature. The paradigm is its important remodelling in amphibians during thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis. Interestingly, several studies have described the conservation of this hormonal signal during intestinal development in mammals. Additional data suggested that it may also play a role in intestinal homeostasis, stem cell physiology and progenitor commitment as well as in tumour development. It is worth underlining that in the mammalian intestine the functionality of the TRα1 receptor is coordinated and integrated with other signalling pathways, such as Wnt and Notch, specifically at the level of stem/progenitor cell populations. Here, we summarize these data and concepts and discuss this new role for thyroid hormones and the TRα1 receptor in the biology of intestinal epithelial precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Godart
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France.
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López-Noriega L, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Narbona-Pérez ÁJ, Araujo-Garrido JL, Lorenzo PI, Mellado-Gil JM, Moreno JC, Gauthier BR, Martín-Montalvo A. Levothyroxine enhances glucose clearance and blunts the onset of experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3795-3810. [PMID: 28800677 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thyroid hormones induce several changes in whole body metabolism that are known to improve metabolic homeostasis. However, adverse side effects have prevented its use in the clinic. In view of the promising effects of thyroid hormones, we investigated the effects of levothyroxine supplementation on glucose homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 mice were treated with levothyroxine from birth to 24 weeks of age, when mice were killed. The effects of levothyroxine supplementation on metabolic health were determined. C57BL/6 mice treated with levothyroxine for 2 weeks and then challenged with streptozotocin to monitor survival. Mechanistic experiments were conducted in the pancreas, liver and skeletal muscle. RIP-B7.1 mice were treated with levothyroxine for 2 weeks and were subsequently immunized to trigger experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD). Metabolic tests were performed. Mice were killed and metabolic tissues were extracted for immunohistological analyses. KEY RESULTS Long-term levothyroxine supplementation enhanced glucose clearance and reduced circulating glucose in C57BL/6 mice. Levothyroxine increased simultaneously the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells, promoting the maintenance of a highly insulin-expressing beta cell population. Levothyroxine increased circulating insulin levels, inducing sustained activation of IRS1-AKT signalling in insulin-target tissues. Levothyroxine-treated C57BL/6 mice challenged with streptozotocin exhibited extended survival. Levothyroxine blunted the onset of EAD in RIP-B7.1 mice by inducing beta cell proliferation and preservation of insulin-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Interventions based on the use of thyroid hormones or thyromimetics could be explored to provide therapeutic benefit in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia López-Noriega
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Álvaro Jesús Narbona-Pérez
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Araujo-Garrido
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Mellado-Gil
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - José Carlos Moreno
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Multifaceted Interpretation of Colon Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071446. [PMID: 28678194 PMCID: PMC5535937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, despite recent advances in clinical oncology. Accumulating evidence sheds light on the existence of cancer stem cells and their role in conferring therapeutic resistance. Cancer stem cells are a minor fraction of cancer cells, which enable tumor heterogeneity and initiate tumor formation. In addition, these cells are resistant to various cytotoxic factors. Therefore, elimination of cancer stem cells is difficult but essential to cure the malignant foci completely. Herein, we review the recent evidence for intestinal stem cells and colon cancer stem cells, methods to detect the tumor-initiating cells, and clinical significance of cancer stem cell markers. We also describe the emerging problems of cancer stem cell theory, including bidirectional conversion and intertumoral heterogeneity of stem cell phenotype.
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Miro C, Ambrosio R, De Stefano MA, Di Girolamo D, Di Cicco E, Cicatiello AG, Mancino G, Porcelli T, Raia M, Del Vecchio L, Salvatore D, Dentice M. The Concerted Action of Type 2 and Type 3 Deiodinases Regulates the Cell Cycle and Survival of Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells. Thyroid 2017; 27:567-576. [PMID: 28088877 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (THs) mediate pleiotropic cellular processes involved in metabolism, cellular proliferation, and differentiation. The intracellular hormonal environment can be tailored by the type 1 and 2 deiodinase enzymes D2 and D3, which catalyze TH activation and inactivation respectively. In many cellular systems, THs exert well-documented stimulatory or inhibitory effects on cell proliferation; however, the molecular mechanisms by which they control rates of cell cycle progression have not yet been entirely clarified. We previously showed that D3 depletion or TH treatment influences the proliferation and survival of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cells. Surprisingly, we also found that BCC cells express not only sustained levels of D3 but also robust levels of D2. The aim of the present study was to dissect the contribution of D2 to TH metabolism in the BCC context, and to identify the molecular changes associated with cell proliferation and survival induced by TH and mediated by D2 and D3. METHODS We used the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to genetically deplete D2 and D3 in BCC cells and studied the consequences of depletion on cell cycle progression and on cell death. Cell cycle progression was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis of synchronized cells, and the apoptosis rate by annexin V incorporation. RESULTS Mechanistic investigations revealed that D2 inactivation accelerates cell cycle progression thereby enhancing the proportion of S-phase cells and cyclin D1 expression. Conversely, D3 mutagenesis drastically suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of BCC cells. Furthermore, the basal apoptotic rate was oppositely regulated in D2- and D3-depleted cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that BCC cells constitute an example in which the TH signal is finely tuned by the concerted expression of opposite-acting deiodinases. The dual regulation of D2 and D3 expression plays a critical role in cell cycle progression and cell death by influencing cyclin D1-mediated entry into the G1-S phase. These findings reinforce the concept that TH is a potential therapeutic target in human BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Miro
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ambrosio
- 2 Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-SDN , Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Girolamo
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Mancino
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Tommaso Porcelli
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- 3 Centro di Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- 3 Centro di Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
- 3 Centro di Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
- 3 Centro di Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
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Sabbaghziarani F, Mortezaee K, Akbari M, Kashani IR, Soleimani M, Hassanzadeh G, Zendedel A. Stimulation of neurotrophic factors and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines by exogenous application of triiodothyronine in the rat model of ischemic stroke. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:50-55. [PMID: 28083964 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a positive relation between decreases of triiodothyronine (T3) amounts and severity of stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous T3 application on levels of neurogenesis markers in the subventricular zone. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in male Wistar rats. There were 4 experimental groups: sham, ischemic, vehicle, and treatment. Rats were injected with T3 (25 μg/kg, IV injection) at 24 hours after ischemia. Animals were sacrificed at day 7 after ischemia. There were high levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nestin, and Sox2 expressions in gene and protein levels in the T3 treatment group (P ≤ .05 vs ischemic group). Treatment group showed high levels of sera T3 and thyroxine (T4) but low levels of thyrotropin (TSH), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 (P ≤ .05 vs ischemic group) at day 4 after ischemia induction. Findings of this study revealed the effectiveness of exogenous T3 application in the improvement of neurogenesis possibly via regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sabbaghziarani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Giulan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Springer D, Jiskra J, Limanova Z, Zima T, Potlukova E. Thyroid in pregnancy: From physiology to screening. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:102-116. [PMID: 28102101 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2016.1269309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are crucial for the growth and maturation of many target tissues, especially the brain and skeleton. During critical periods in the first trimester of pregnancy, maternal thyroxine is essential for fetal development as it supplies thyroid hormone-dependent tissues. The ontogeny of mature thyroid function involves organogenesis, and maturation of the hypothalamus, pituitary and the thyroid gland; and it is almost complete by the 12th-14th gestational week. In case of maternal hypothyroidism, substitution with levothyroxine must be started in early pregnancy. After the 14th gestational week, fetal brain development may already be irreversibly affected by lack of thyroid hormones. The prevalence of manifest hypothyroidism in pregnancy is about 0.3-0.5%. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism varies between 4 and 17%, strongly depending on the definition of the upper TSH cutoff limit. Hyperthyroidism occurs in 0.1-1% of all pregnancies. Positivity for antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) is common in women of childbearing age with an incidence rate of 5.1-12.4%. TPOAb-positivity may be regarded as a manifestation of a general autoimmune state which may alter the fertilization and implantation processes or cause early missed abortions. Women positive for TPOAb are at a significant risk of developing hypothyroidism during pregnancy and postpartum. Laboratory diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is based upon serum TSH concentration. TSH in pregnancy is physiologically lower than the non-pregnant population. Results of multiple international studies point toward creation of trimester-specific reference intervals for TSH in pregnancy. Screening for hypothyroidism in pregnancy is controversial and its implementation varies from country to country. Currently, the case-finding approach of screening high-risk women is preferred in most countries to universal screening. However, numerous studies have shown that one-third to one-half of women with thyroid disorders escape the case-finding approach. Moreover, the universal screening has been shown to be more cost-effective. Screening for thyroid disorders in pregnancy should include assessment of both TSH and TPOAb, regardless of the screening approach. This review summarizes the current knowledge on physiology of thyroid hormones in pregnancy, causes of maternal thyroid dysfunction and its effects on pregnancy course and fetal development. We discuss the question of case-finding versus universal screening strategies and we display an overview of the analytical methods and their reference intervals in the assessment of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy. Finally, we present our results supporting the implementation of universal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomira Springer
- a Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jiskra
- b 3rd Department of Medicine - Clinical Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic , and
| | - Zdenka Limanova
- b 3rd Department of Medicine - Clinical Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic , and
| | - Tomas Zima
- a Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Potlukova
- c Division of Internal Medicine , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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15
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Stavreva DA, Varticovski L, Levkova L, George AA, Davis L, Pegoraro G, Blazer V, Iwanowicz L, Hager GL. Novel cell-based assay for detection of thyroid receptor beta-interacting environmental contaminants. Toxicology 2016; 368-369:69-79. [PMID: 27528272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Even though the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with thyroid hormone (TH)-like activities in the environment is a major health concern, the methods for their efficient detection and monitoring are still limited. Here we describe a novel cell assay, based on the translocation of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged chimeric molecule of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the thyroid receptor beta (TRβ) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the presence of TR ligands. Unlike the constitutively nuclear TRβ, this GFP-GR-TRβ chimera is cytoplasmic in the absence of hormone while translocating to the nucleus in a time- and concentration-dependent manner upon stimulation with triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid hormone analogue, TRIAC, while the reverse triiodothyronine (3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, or rT3) was inactive. Moreover, GFP-GR-TRβ chimera does not show any cross-reactivity with the GR-activating hormones, thus providing a clean system for the screening of TR beta-interacting EDCs. Using this assay, we demonstrated that Bisphenol A (BPA) and 3,3',5,5'-Tetrabromobisphenol (TBBPA) induced GFP-GR-TRβ translocation at micro molar concentrations. We screened over 100 concentrated water samples from different geographic locations in the United States and detected a low, but reproducible contamination in 53% of the samples. This system provides a novel high-throughput approach for screening for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interacting with TR beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States.
| | - Lyuba Varticovski
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States
| | - Ludmila Levkova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Anuja A George
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States
| | - Luke Davis
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States
| | - Vicki Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States
| | - Luke Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma: thyroid hormone promotes tumorigenicity through inducing cancer stem-like cell self-renewal. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25183. [PMID: 27174710 PMCID: PMC4865859 DOI: 10.1038/srep25183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play a key role in maintaining the aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the cell-biological regulation of CSCs is unclear. In the study, we report that thyroid hormone (TH) promotes cell self-renewal in HCC cells. TH also increases the percentage of CD90 + HCC cells and promotes drug resistance of HCC cells. By analyzing primary human HCC samples, we found that TRα transcript level is significantly elevated in primary liver cancer and portal vein metastatic tumor, compared to that of adjacent normal liver tissue. Knocking down TRα not only inhibits HCC self-renewal in vitro but also suppresses HCC tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, treatment of TH leads to activation of NF-κB, which is required for the function of TH on inducing HCC cell self-renewal. We also found TRα and p65 cooperatively drive the expression of BMI1 by co-binding to the promoter region of BMI1 gene. In summary, our study uncovers a novel function of TH signaling in regulating the CSCs of HCC, and these findings might be useful for developing novel therapies by targeting TH function in HCC cells.
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Hasebe T, Fujimoto K, Kajita M, Ishizuya-Oka A. Thyroid hormone activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling involved in adult epithelial development during intestinal remodeling in Xenopus laevis. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:309-18. [PMID: 27068920 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During amphibian intestinal remodeling, thyroid hormone (TH) induces some larval epithelial cells to dedifferentiate into adult stem cells, which newly generate the absorptive epithelium analogous to the mammalian epithelium. To clarify molecular mechanisms underlying adult epithelial development, we here focus on TH response genes that are associated with the canonical Wnt pathway. Our quantitative reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses indicate that all of the genes examined, including β-catenin, c-Myc and secreted frizzle-related protein 2 (SFRP2), are up-regulated in Xenopus laevis intestine during both natural and TH-induced metamorphosis. Moreover, immunoreactivity for nuclear β-catenin becomes detectable in adult stem cells from the start of their appearance and then increases in intensity in adult epithelial primordia derived from the stem cells, which actively proliferate and coexpress Wnt target genes c-Myc and LGR5. These expression profiles strongly suggest the involvement of the canonical Wnt pathway in the maintenance and/or proliferation of adult stem/progenitor cells. More importantly, by using organ cultures of the tadpole intestine, we have experimentally shown that the addition of exogenous SFRP2 protein to the culture medium promotes cell proliferation of the adult epithelial primordia, whereas inhibition of endogenous SFRP2 by its antibody suppresses their proliferation. The inhibition of SFRP2 suppresses larval epithelial changes in shape from simple columnar to stem-cell-like roundish cells, resulting in the failure of epithelial dedifferentiation. Thus, TH-up-regulated SFRP2 in the postembryonic intestine promotes adult stem cell development, possibly by acting as an agonist of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hasebe
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-0023, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujimoto
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-0023, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kajita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-0023, Japan.
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Milanesi A, Lee JW, Kim NH, Liu YY, Yang A, Sedrakyan S, Kahng A, Cervantes V, Tripuraneni N, Cheng SY, Perin L, Brent GA. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Plays an Essential Role in Male Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Response to Injury. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4-15. [PMID: 26451739 PMCID: PMC4701883 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone plays an essential role in myogenesis, the process required for skeletal muscle development and repair, although the mechanisms have not been established. Skeletal muscle develops from the fusion of precursor myoblasts into myofibers. We have used the C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblast cell line, primary myoblasts, and mouse models of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) α and β, to determine the role of thyroid hormone in the regulation of myoblast differentiation. T3, which activates thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β, increased myoblast differentiation whereas GC1, a selective TRβ agonist, was minimally effective. Genetic approaches confirmed that TRα plays an important role in normal myoblast proliferation and differentiation and acts through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Myoblasts with TRα knockdown, or derived from RTH-TRα PV (a frame-shift mutation) mice, displayed reduced proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Moreover, skeletal muscle from the TRα1PV mutant mouse had impaired in vivo regeneration after injury. RTH-TRβ PV mutant mouse model skeletal muscle and derived primary myoblasts did not have altered proliferation, myogenic differentiation, or response to injury when compared with control. In conclusion, TRα plays an essential role in myoblast homeostasis and provides a potential therapeutic target to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Milanesi
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jang-Won Lee
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nam-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yan-Yun Liu
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - An Yang
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Andrew Kahng
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Vanessa Cervantes
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nikita Tripuraneni
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Laura Perin
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Gregory A Brent
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Catalano V, Dentice M, Ambrosio R, Luongo C, Carollo R, Benfante A, Todaro M, Stassi G, Salvatore D. Activated Thyroid Hormone Promotes Differentiation and Chemotherapeutic Sensitization of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells by Regulating Wnt and BMP4 Signaling. Cancer Res 2015; 76:1237-44. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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NIEHS/FDA CLARITY-BPA research program update. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 58:33-44. [PMID: 26232693 PMCID: PMC5545120 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used in the production of numerous consumer products resulting in potential daily human exposure to this chemical. The FDA previously evaluated the body of BPA toxicology data and determined that BPA is safe at current exposure levels. Although consistent with the assessment of some other regulatory agencies around the world, this determination of BPA safety continues to be debated in scientific and popular publications, resulting in conflicting messages to the public. Thus, the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a consortium-based research program to link more effectively a variety of hypothesis-based research investigations and guideline-compliant safety testing with BPA. This collaboration is known as the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA). This paper provides a detailed description of the conduct of the study and a midterm update on progress of the CLARITY-BPA research program.
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Calzà L, Fernández M, Giardino L. Role of the Thyroid System in Myelination and Neural Connectivity. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1405-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Huang CCJ, Kraft C, Moy N, Ng L, Forrest D. A Novel Population of Inner Cortical Cells in the Adrenal Gland That Displays Sexually Dimorphic Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptor-β1. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2338-48. [PMID: 25774556 PMCID: PMC4430604 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of the adrenal cortex involves the formation and then subsequent regression of immature or fetal inner cell layers as the mature steroidogenic outer layers expand. However, controls over this remodeling, especially in the immature inner layer, are incompletely understood. Here we identify an inner cortical cell population that expresses thyroid hormone receptor-β1 (TRβ1), one of two receptor isoforms encoded by the Thrb gene. Using mice with a Thrb(b1) reporter allele that expresses lacZ instead of TRβ1, β-galactosidase was detected in the inner cortex from early stages. Expression peaked at juvenile ages in an inner zone that included cells expressing 20-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a marker of the transient, so-called X-zone in mice. The β-galactosidase-positive zone displayed sexually dimorphic regression in males after approximately 4 weeks of age but persisted in females into adulthood in either nulliparous or parous states. T3 treatment promoted hypertrophy of inner cortical cells, induced some markers of mature cortical cells, and, in males, delayed the regression of the TRβ1-positive zone, suggesting that TRβ1 could partly divert the differentiation fate and counteract male-specific regression of inner zone cells. TRβ1-deficient mice were resistant to these actions of T3, supporting a functional role for TRβ1 in the inner cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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23
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Kapoor R, Fanibunda SE, Desouza LA, Guha SK, Vaidya VA. Perspectives on thyroid hormone action in adult neurogenesis. J Neurochem 2015; 133:599-616. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Kapoor
- Department of Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Mumbai India
| | - Sashaina E. Fanibunda
- Department of Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Mumbai India
| | - Lynette A. Desouza
- Department of Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Mumbai India
| | - Suman K. Guha
- Department of Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Mumbai India
| | - Vidita A. Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Mumbai India
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24
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Parichy DM, Spiewak JE. Origins of adult pigmentation: diversity in pigment stem cell lineages and implications for pattern evolution. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 28:31-50. [PMID: 25421288 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Teleosts comprise about half of all vertebrate species and exhibit an extraordinary diversity of adult pigment patterns that function in shoaling, camouflage, and mate choice and have played important roles in speciation. Here, we review studies that have identified several distinct neural crest lineages, with distinct genetic requirements, that give rise to adult pigment cells in fishes. These lineages include post-embryonic, peripheral nerve-associated stem cells that generate black melanophores and iridescent iridophores, cells derived directly from embryonic neural crest cells that generate yellow-orange xanthophores, and bipotent stem cells that generate both melanophores and xanthophores. This complexity in adult chromatophore lineages has implications for our understanding of adult traits, melanoma, and the evolutionary diversification of pigment cell lineages and patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Parichy
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Sirakov M, Kress E, Nadjar J, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormones and their nuclear receptors: new players in intestinal epithelium stem cell biology? Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2897-907. [PMID: 24604390 PMCID: PMC11113153 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones participate in the development and homeostasis of several organs and tissues. It is well documented that they act via nuclear receptors, the TRs, which are transcription factors whose function is modulated by the hormone T3. Importantly, T3-induced physiological response within a cell depends on the specific TR expression and on the T3 bioavailability. However, in addition to this T3-dependent control of TR functionality, increasing data show that the action of TRs is coordinated and integrated with other signaling pathways, specifically at the level of stem/progenitor cell populations. By focusing on the intestinal epithelium of both amphibians and mammals we summarize here new data in support of a role for thyroid hormones and the TR nuclear receptors in stem cell biology. This new concept may be extended to other organs and have biological relevance in therapeutic approaches aimed to target stem cells such as tissue engineering and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sirakov
- Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elsa Kress
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Nadjar
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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26
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Abstract
The astonishingly long lives of plants and their regeneration capacity depend on the activity of plant stem cells. As in animals, stem cells reside in stem cell niches, which produce signals that regulate the balance between self-renewal and the generation of daughter cells that differentiate into new tissues. Plant stem cell niches are located within the meristems, which are organized structures that are responsible for most post-embryonic development. The continuous organ production that is characteristic of plant growth requires a robust regulatory network to keep the balance between pluripotent stem cells and differentiating progeny. Components of this network have now been elucidated and provide a unique opportunity for comparing strategies that were developed in the animal and plant kingdoms, which underlie the logic of stem cell behaviour.
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27
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Meffre D, Grenier J, Bernard S, Courtin F, Dudev T, Shackleford G, Jafarian-Tehrani M, Massaad C. Wnt and lithium: a common destiny in the therapy of nervous system pathologies? Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1123-48. [PMID: 23749084 PMCID: PMC11113114 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is required for neurogenesis, the fate of neural progenitors, the formation of neuronal circuits during development, neuron positioning and polarization, axon and dendrite development and finally for synaptogenesis. This signaling pathway is also implicated in the generation and differentiation of glial cells. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of action of Wnt signaling pathways and their implication in the development and correct functioning of the nervous system. We also illustrate how a dysregulated Wnt pathway could lead to psychiatric, neurodegenerative and demyelinating pathologies. Lithium, used for the treatment of bipolar disease, inhibits GSK3β, a central enzyme of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, lithium could, to some extent, mimic Wnt pathway. We highlight the possible dialogue between lithium therapy and modulation of Wnt pathway in the treatment of the diseases of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Meffre
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Julien Grenier
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Françoise Courtin
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Todor Dudev
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Charbel Massaad
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
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28
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Stenzel D, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Wong FK, Heuer H, Huttner WB. Integrin αvβ3 and thyroid hormones promote expansion of progenitors in embryonic neocortex. Development 2014; 141:795-806. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neocortex expansion during evolution is associated with the enlargement of the embryonic subventricular zone, which reflects an increased self-renewal and proliferation of basal progenitors. In contrast to human, the vast majority of mouse basal progenitors lack self-renewal capacity, possibly due to lack of a basal process contacting the basal lamina and downregulation of cell-autonomous production of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents. Here we show that targeted activation of the ECM receptor integrin αvβ3 on basal progenitors in embryonic mouse neocortex promotes their expansion. Specifically, integrin αvβ3 activation causes an increased cell cycle re-entry of Pax6-negative, Tbr2-positive intermediate progenitors, rather than basal radial glia, and a decrease in the proportion of intermediate progenitors committed to neurogenic division. Interestingly, integrin αvβ3 is the only known cell surface receptor for thyroid hormones. Remarkably, tetrac, a thyroid hormone analog that inhibits the binding of thyroid hormones to integrin αvβ3, completely abolishes the intermediate progenitor expansion observed upon targeted integrin αvβ3 activation, indicating that this expansion requires the binding of thyroid hormones to integrin αvβ3. Convergence of ECM and thyroid hormones on integrin αvβ3 thus appears to be crucial for cortical progenitor proliferation and self-renewal, and hence for normal brain development and the evolutionary expansion of the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Stenzel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fong Kuan Wong
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Heuer
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research / Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wieland B. Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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29
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Dong H, You SH, Williams A, Wade MG, Yauk CL, Thomas Zoeller R. Transient Maternal Hypothyroxinemia Potentiates the Transcriptional Response to Exogenous Thyroid Hormone in the Fetal Cerebral Cortex Before the Onset of Fetal Thyroid Function: A Messenger and MicroRNA Profiling Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 25:1735-45. [PMID: 24436321 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for brain development both before and after birth. We have used gene expression microarrays to identify TH-regulated genes in the fetal cerebral cortex prior to the onset of fetal thyroid function to better understand the role of TH in early cortical development. TH levels were transiently manipulated in pregnant mice by treatment with goitrogens from gestational day (GD) 13-16 and/or by injection of TH 12 h before sacrifice on GD 16. The transcriptional response to exogenous TH in the GD 16 fetal cortex was potentiated by transient goitrogen treatment, suggesting that the hypothyroxinemic brain is a different substrate upon which TH can act, or that robust compensatory mechanisms are induced by transient hypothyroxinemia. Several known TH-responsive genes were identified including Klf9, and several novel TH-responsive genes such as Appbp2, Ppap2b, and Fgfr1op2 were identified in which TH response elements were confirmed. We also identified specific microRNAs whose expression in the fetal cortex was affected by TH treatment, and determined that Ppap2b and Klf9 are the target genes of miR-16 and miR-106, respectively. Thus, a complex redundant functional network appears to coordinate TH-mediated gene expression in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Dong
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Seo-Hee You
- Department of Biology and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Current address: Cardiovascular and Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Mike G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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30
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Hasebe T, Fu L, Miller TC, Zhang Y, Shi YB, Ishizuya-Oka A. Thyroid hormone-induced cell-cell interactions are required for the development of adult intestinal stem cells. Cell Biosci 2013; 3:18. [PMID: 23547658 PMCID: PMC3621685 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-3-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestine has long been used as a model to study organ-specific adult stem cells, which are essential for organ repair and tissue regeneration throughout adult life. The establishment of the intestinal epithelial cell self-renewing system takes place during perinatal development when the villus-crypt axis is established with the adult stem cells localized in the crypt. This developmental period is characterized by high levels of plasma thyroid hormone (T3) and T3 deficiency is known to impair intestinal development. Determining how T3 regulates adult stem cell development in the mammalian intestine can be difficult due to maternal influences. Intestinal remodeling during amphibian metamorphosis resembles perinatal intestinal maturation in mammals and its dependence on T3 is well established. A major advantage of the amphibian model is that it can easily be controlled by altering the availability of T3. The ability to manipulate and examine this relatively rapid and localized formation of adult stem cells has greatly assisted in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms regulating their formation and further revealed evidence that supports conservation in the underlying mechanisms of adult stem cell development in vertebrates. Furthermore, genetic studies in Xenopus laevis indicate that T3 actions in both the epithelium and the rest of the intestine, most likely the underlying connective tissue, are required for the formation of adult stem cells. Molecular analyses suggest that cell-cell interactions involving hedgehog and BMP pathways are critical for the establishment of the stem cell niche that is essential for the formation of the adult intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hasebe
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, 2-297-2 Nakahara-ku, Kosugi-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-0063, Japan.
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