1
|
Strohm EM, Callaghan NI, Ding Y, Latifi N, Rafatian N, Funakoshi S, Fernandes I, Reitz CJ, Di Paola M, Gramolini AO, Radisic M, Keller G, Kolios MC, Simmons CA. Noninvasive Quantification of Contractile Dynamics in Cardiac Cells, Spheroids, and Organs-on-a-Chip Using High-Frequency Ultrasound. ACS NANO 2024; 18:314-327. [PMID: 38147684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based models that mimic in vivo heart physiology are poised to make significant advances in cardiac disease modeling and drug discovery. In these systems, cardiomyocyte (CM) contractility is an important functional metric, but current measurement methods are inaccurate and low-throughput or require complex setups. To address this need, we developed a standalone noninvasive, label-free ultrasound technique operating at 40-200 MHz to measure the contractile kinetics of cardiac models, ranging from single adult CMs to 3D microtissue constructs in standard cell culture formats. The high temporal resolution of 1000 fps resolved the beat profile of single mouse CMs paced at up to 9 Hz, revealing limitations of lower speed optical based measurements to resolve beat kinetics or characterize aberrant beats. Coupling of ultrasound with traction force microscopy enabled the measurement of the CM longitudinal modulus and facile estimation of adult mouse CM contractile forces of 2.34 ± 1.40 μN, comparable to more complex measurement techniques. Similarly, the beat rate, rhythm, and drug responses of CM spheroid and microtissue models were measured, including in configurations without optical access. In conclusion, ultrasound can be used for the rapid characterization of CM contractile function in a wide range of commonly studied configurations ranging from single cells to 3D tissue constructs using standard well plates and custom microdevices, with applications in cardiac drug discovery and cardiotoxicity evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Strohm
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Neal I Callaghan
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yu Ding
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Neda Latifi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ian Fernandes
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Cristine J Reitz
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michelle Di Paola
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Turnbull IC, Bajpai A, Jankowski KB, Gaitas A. Single-Cell Analysis of Contractile Forces in iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Paving the Way for Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13416. [PMID: 37686223 PMCID: PMC10487756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) hold enormous potential in cardiac disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, patient-specific iPSC-CMS can be tested for personalized medicine. To provide a deeper understanding of the contractile force dynamics of iPSC-CMs, we employed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) as an advanced detection tool to distinguish the characteristics of force dynamics at a single cell level. We measured normal (vertical) and lateral (axial) force at different pacing frequencies. We found a significant correlation between normal and lateral force. We also observed a significant force-frequency relationship for both types of forces. This work represents the first demonstration of the correlation of normal and lateral force from individual iPSC-CMs. The identification of this correlation is relevant because it validates the comparison across systems and models that can only account for either normal or lateral force. These findings enhance our understanding of iPSC-CM properties, thereby paving the way for the development of therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene C. Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Apratim Bajpai
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Katherine B. Jankowski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Angelo Gaitas
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- BioMedical Engineering & Imaging Institute, Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takla TN, Luo J, Sudyk R, Huang J, Walker JC, Vora NL, Sexton JZ, Parent JM, Tidball AM. A Shared Pathogenic Mechanism for Valproic Acid and SHROOM3 Knockout in a Brain Organoid Model of Neural Tube Defects. Cells 2023; 12:1697. [PMID: 37443734 PMCID: PMC10340169 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs), including anencephaly and spina bifida, are common major malformations of fetal development resulting from incomplete closure of the neural tube. These conditions lead to either universal death (anencephaly) or severe lifelong complications (spina bifida). Despite hundreds of genetic mouse models of neural tube defect phenotypes, the genetics of human NTDs are poorly understood. Furthermore, pharmaceuticals, such as antiseizure medications, have been found clinically to increase the risk of NTDs when administered during pregnancy. Therefore, a model that recapitulates human neurodevelopment would be of immense benefit to understand the genetics underlying NTDs and identify teratogenic mechanisms. Using our self-organizing single rosette cortical organoid (SOSR-COs) system, we have developed a high-throughput image analysis pipeline for evaluating the SOSR-CO structure for NTD-like phenotypes. Similar to small molecule inhibition of apical constriction, the antiseizure medication valproic acid (VPA), a known cause of NTDs, increases the apical lumen size and apical cell surface area in a dose-responsive manner. GSK3β and HDAC inhibitors caused similar lumen expansion; however, RNA sequencing suggests VPA does not inhibit GSK3β at these concentrations. The knockout of SHROOM3, a well-known NTD-related gene, also caused expansion of the lumen, as well as reduced f-actin polarization. The increased lumen sizes were caused by reduced cell apical constriction, suggesting that impingement of this process is a shared mechanism for VPA treatment and SHROOM3-KO, two well-known causes of NTDs. Our system allows the rapid identification of NTD-like phenotypes for both compounds and genetic variants and should prove useful for understanding specific NTD mechanisms and predicting drug teratogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. Takla
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (R.S.)
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (R.S.)
| | - Roksolana Sudyk
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (R.S.)
| | - Joy Huang
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (R.S.)
| | - John Clayton Walker
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (R.S.)
| | - Neeta L. Vora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Drug Repurposing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jack M. Parent
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (R.S.)
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Andrew M. Tidball
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jaferzadeh K, Rappaz B, Kim Y, Kim BK, Moon I, Marquet P, Turcatti G. Automated Dual-Mode Cell Monitoring To Simultaneously Explore Calcium Dynamics and Contraction-Relaxation Kinetics within Drug-Treated Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37335579 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript proposes a new dual-mode cell imaging system for studying the relationships between calcium dynamics and the contractility process of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Practically, this dual-mode cell imaging system provides simultaneously both live cell calcium imaging and quantitative phase imaging based on digital holographic microscopy. Specifically, thanks to the development of a robust automated image analysis, simultaneous measurements of both intracellular calcium, a key player of excitation-contraction coupling, and the quantitative phase image-derived dry mass redistribution, reflecting the effective contractility, namely, the contraction and relaxation processes, were achieved. Practically, the relationships between calcium dynamics and the contraction-relaxation kinetics were investigated in particular through the application of two drugs─namely, isoprenaline and E-4031─known to act precisely on calcium dynamics. Specifically, this new dual-mode cell imaging system enabled us to establish that calcium regulation can be divided into two phases, an early phase influencing the occurrence of the relaxation process followed by a late phase, which although not having a significant influence on the relaxation process affects significantly the beat frequency. In combination with cutting-edge technologies allowing the generation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, this dual-mode cell monitoring approach therefore represents a very promising technique, particularly in the fields of drug discovery and personalized medicine, to identify compounds likely to act more selectively on specific steps that compose the cardiomyocyte contractility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Jaferzadeh
- Department of Robotics & Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Benjamin Rappaz
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Youhyun Kim
- Department of Robotics & Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Bo-Kyoung Kim
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Inkyu Moon
- Department of Robotics & Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Pierre Marquet
- International Joint Research Unit in Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Lausanne 1008, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Laval University, Quebec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parker LE, Kurzlechner LM, Landstrom AP. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Modeling of Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:295-305. [PMID: 36930454 PMCID: PMC10726018 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital heart disease includes a wide variety of structural cardiac defects, the most severe of which are single ventricle defects (SVD). These patients suffer from significant morbidity and mortality; however, our understanding of the developmental etiology of these conditions is limited. Model organisms offer a window into normal and abnormal cardiogenesis yet often fail to recapitulate complex congenital heart defects seen in patients. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with single-ventricle defects opens the door to studying SVD in patient-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in a variety of different contexts, including organoids and chamber-specific cardiomyocytes. As the genetic and cellular causes of SVD are not well defined, patient-derived iPSC-CMs hold promise for uncovering mechanisms of disease development and serve as a platform for testing therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in iPSC-based models of SVD. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in patient-derived iPSC-CM differentiation, as well as the development of both chamber-specific and non-myocyte cardiac cell types, make it possible to model the complex genetic and molecular architecture involved in SVD development. Moreover, iPSC models have become increasingly complex with the generation of 3D organoids and engineered cardiac tissues which open the door to new mechanistic insight into SVD development. Finally, iPSC-CMs have been used in proof-of-concept studies that the molecular underpinnings of SVD may be targetable for future therapies. While each platform has its advantages and disadvantages, the use of patient-derived iPSC-CMs offers a window into patient-specific cardiogenesis and SVD development. Advancement in stem-cell based modeling of SVD promises to revolutionize our understanding of the developmental etiology of SVD and provides a tool for developing and testing new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leonie M Kurzlechner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2652, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Takla TN, Luo J, Sudyk R, Huang J, Walker JC, Vora NL, Sexton JZ, Parent JM, Tidball AM. A Shared Pathogenic Mechanism for Valproic Acid and SHROOM3 Knockout in a Brain Organoid Model of Neural Tube Defects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536245. [PMID: 37090564 PMCID: PMC10120643 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) including anencephaly and spina bifida are common major malformations of fetal development resulting from incomplete closure of the neural tube. These conditions lead to either universal death (anencephaly) or life-long severe complications (spina bifida). Despite hundreds of genetic mouse models having neural tube defect phenotypes, the genetics of human NTDs are poorly understood. Furthermore, pharmaceuticals such as antiseizure medications have been found clinically to increase the risk of NTDs when administered during pregnancy. Therefore, a model that recapitulates human neurodevelopment would be of immense benefit to understand the genetics underlying NTDs and identify teratogenic mechanisms. Using our self-organizing single rosette spheroid (SOSRS) brain organoid system, we have developed a high-throughput image analysis pipeline for evaluating SOSRS structure for NTD-like phenotypes. Similar to small molecule inhibition of apical constriction, the antiseizure medication valproic acid (VPA), a known cause of NTDs, increases the apical lumen size and apical cell surface area in a dose-responsive manner. This expansion was mimicked by GSK3β and HDAC inhibitors; however, RNA sequencing suggests VPA does not inhibit GSK3β at these concentrations. Knockout of SHROOM3, a well-known NTD-related gene, also caused expansion of the lumen as well as reduced f-actin polarization. The increased lumen sizes were caused by reduced cell apical constriction suggesting that impingement of this process is a shared mechanism for VPA treatment and SHROOM3-KO, two well-known causes of NTDs. Our system allows the rapid identification of NTD-like phenotypes for both compounds and genetic variants and should prove useful for understanding specific NTD mechanisms and predicting drug teratogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. Takla
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Roksolana Sudyk
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joy Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J. Clayton Walker
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Neeta L. Vora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Drug Repurposing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jack M. Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew M. Tidball
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sebastian JA, Strohm EM, Baranger J, Villemain O, Kolios MC, Simmons CA. Assessing engineered tissues and biomaterials using ultrasound imaging: In vitro and in vivo applications. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122054. [PMID: 36842239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of the structural, functional, and mechanical properties of engineered tissues and biomaterials is fundamental to their development for regenerative medicine applications. Ultrasound (US) imaging is a non-invasive, non-destructive, and cost-effective technique capable of longitudinal and quantitative monitoring of tissue structure and function across centimeter to sub-micron length scales. Here we present the fundamentals of US to contextualize its application for the assessment of biomaterials and engineered tissues, both in vivo and in vitro. We review key studies that demonstrate the versatility and broad capabilities of US for clinical and pre-clinical biomaterials research. Finally, we highlight emerging techniques that further extend the applications of US, including for ultrafast imaging of biomaterials and engineered tissues in vivo and functional monitoring of stem cells, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip systems in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Sebastian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Eric M Strohm
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jérôme Baranger
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Olivier Villemain
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Precision medicine for long QT syndrome: patient-specific iPSCs take the lead. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e5. [PMID: 36597672 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a detrimental arrhythmia syndrome mainly caused by dysregulated expression or aberrant function of ion channels. The major clinical symptoms of ventricular arrhythmia, palpitations and syncope vary among LQTS subtypes. Susceptibility to malignant arrhythmia is a result of delayed repolarisation of the cardiomyocyte action potential (AP). There are 17 distinct subtypes of LQTS linked to 15 autosomal dominant genes with monogenic mutations. However, due to the presence of modifier genes, the identical mutation may result in completely different clinical manifestations in different carriers. In this review, we describe the roles of various ion channels in orchestrating APs and discuss molecular aetiologies of various types of LQTS. We highlight the usage of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models in characterising fundamental mechanisms associated with LQTS. To mitigate the outcomes of LQTS, treatment strategies are initially focused on small molecules targeting ion channel activities. Next-generation treatments will reap the benefits from development of LQTS patient-specific iPSC platform, which is bolstered by the state-of-the-art technologies including whole-genome sequencing, CRISPR genome editing and machine learning. Deep phenotyping and high-throughput drug testing using LQTS patient-specific cardiomyocytes herald the upcoming precision medicine in LQTS.
Collapse
|
9
|
Renikunta H, Chakrabarti R, Duddu S, Bhattacharya A, Chakravorty N, Shukla PC. Stem Cells and Therapies in Cardiac Regeneration. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
10
|
van der Velden J, Asselbergs FW, Bakkers J, Batkai S, Bertrand L, Bezzina CR, Bot I, Brundel BJJM, Carrier L, Chamuleau S, Ciccarelli M, Dawson D, Davidson SM, Dendorfer A, Duncker DJ, Eschenhagen T, Fabritz L, Falcão-Pires I, Ferdinandy P, Giacca M, Girao H, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Gyongyosi M, Guzik TJ, Hamdani N, Heymans S, Hilfiker A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Hoekstra AG, Hulot JS, Kuster DWD, van Laake LW, Lecour S, Leiner T, Linke WA, Lumens J, Lutgens E, Madonna R, Maegdefessel L, Mayr M, van der Meer P, Passier R, Perbellini F, Perrino C, Pesce M, Priori S, Remme CA, Rosenhahn B, Schotten U, Schulz R, Sipido KR, Sluijter JPG, van Steenbeek F, Steffens S, Terracciano CM, Tocchetti CG, Vlasman P, Yeung KK, Zacchigna S, Zwaagman D, Thum T. Animal models and animal-free innovations for cardiovascular research: current status and routes to be explored. Consensus document of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function and the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3016-3051. [PMID: 34999816 PMCID: PMC9732557 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating research to improve diagnostics, and to discover and test novel preventive and curative therapies, all of which warrant experimental models that recapitulate human disease. The translation of basic science results to clinical practice is a challenging task, in particular for complex conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, which often result from multiple risk factors and comorbidities. This difficulty might lead some individuals to question the value of animal research, citing the translational 'valley of death', which largely reflects the fact that studies in rodents are difficult to translate to humans. This is also influenced by the fact that new, human-derived in vitro models can recapitulate aspects of disease processes. However, it would be a mistake to think that animal models do not represent a vital step in the translational pathway as they do provide important pathophysiological insights into disease mechanisms particularly on an organ and systemic level. While stem cell-derived human models have the potential to become key in testing toxicity and effectiveness of new drugs, we need to be realistic, and carefully validate all new human-like disease models. In this position paper, we highlight recent advances in trying to reduce the number of animals for cardiovascular research ranging from stem cell-derived models to in situ modelling of heart properties, bioinformatic models based on large datasets, and state-of-the-art animal models, which show clinically relevant characteristics observed in patients with a cardiovascular disease. We aim to provide a guide to help researchers in their experimental design to translate bench findings to clinical routine taking the replacement, reduction, and refinement (3R) as a guiding concept.
Collapse
Grants
- R01 HL150359 NHLBI NIH HHS
- RG/16/14/32397 British Heart Foundation
- FS/18/37/33642 British Heart Foundation
- PG/17/64/33205 British Heart Foundation
- PG/15/88/31780 British Heart Foundation
- FS/RTF/20/30009, NH/19/1/34595, PG/18/35/33786, CS/17/4/32960, PG/15/88/31780, and PG/17/64/33205 British Heart Foundation
- NC/T001488/1 National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
- PG/18/44/33790 British Heart Foundation
- CH/16/3/32406 British Heart Foundation
- FS/RTF/20/30009 British Heart Foundation
- NWO-ZonMW
- ZonMW and Heart Foundation for the translational research program
- Dutch Cardiovascular Alliance (DCVA)
- Leducq Foundation
- Dutch Research Council
- Association of Collaborating Health Foundations (SGF)
- UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the DCVA
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative CVON
- Stichting Hartekind and the Dutch Research Counsel (NWO) (OCENW.GROOT.2019.029)
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium and Action de Recherche Concertée de la Communauté Wallonie-Bruxelles, Belgium
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative CVON (PREDICT2 and CONCOR-genes projects), the Leducq Foundation
- ERA PerMed (PROCEED study)
- Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative
- Dutch Heart Foundation
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHH)
- Chest Heart and Stroke Scotland
- Tenovus Scotland
- Friends of Anchor and Grampian NHS-Endowments
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research
- European Research Council (ERC-AG IndivuHeart), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- European Union Horizon 2020 (REANIMA and TRAINHEART)
- German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
- European Union Horizon 2020
- DFG
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary
- Research Excellence Program—TKP; National Heart Program
- Austrian Science Fund
- European Union Commission’s Seventh Framework programme
- CVON2016-Early HFPEF
- CVON She-PREDICTS
- CVON Arena-PRIME
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Volkswagenstiftung
- French National Research Agency
- ERA-Net-CVD
- Fédération Française de Cardiologie, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- French PIA Project
- University Research Federation against heart failure
- Netherlands Heart Foundation
- Dekker Senior Clinical Scientist
- Health Holland TKI-LSH
- TUe/UMCU/UU Alliance Fund
- south African National Foundation
- Cancer Association of South Africa and Winetech
- Netherlands Heart Foundation/Applied & Engineering Sciences
- Dutch Technology Foundation
- Pie Medical Imaging
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
- Dr. Dekker Program
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative: the Dutch Heart Foundation
- Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences for the GENIUS-II project
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (VICI grant); the European Research Council
- Incyte s.r.l. and from Ministero dell’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca Scientifica
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Junior Research Group & Translational Research Project), the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant NORVAS),
- Swedish Heart-Lung-Foundation
- Swedish Research Council
- National Institutes of Health
- Bavarian State Ministry of Health and Care through the research project DigiMed Bayern
- ERC
- ERA-CVD
- Dutch Heart Foundation, ZonMw
- the NWO Gravitation project
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, Università e Ricerca Scientifica
- Regione Lombardia
- Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
- ITN Network Personalize AF: Personalized Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation: a translational network
- MAESTRIA: Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Early Detection Stroke Atrial Fibrillation
- REPAIR: Restoring cardiac mechanical function by polymeric artificial muscular tissue
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
- European Union H2020 program to the project TECHNOBEAT
- EVICARE
- BRAV3
- ZonMw
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiac Regeneration
- British Heart Foundation studentship
- NC3Rs
- Interreg ITA-AUS project InCARDIO
- Italian Association for Cancer Research
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandor Batkai
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilze Bot
- Heart Center, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven Chamuleau
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- Department of Cardiology, Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Andreas Dendorfer
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Sciences and Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Germany and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Ines Falcão-Pires
- UnIC - Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mariann Gyongyosi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Instutute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Division Cardiology, Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Complications in Pregnancy and in Oncologic Therapies, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfons G Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W van Laake
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27B, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Priori
- Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bodo Rosenhahn
- Institute for information Processing, Leibniz University of Hanover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Steenbeek
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Interdepartmental Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Patricia Vlasman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Dayenne Zwaagman
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Thum
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ripplinger CM, Glukhov AV, Kay MW, Boukens BJ, Chiamvimonvat N, Delisle BP, Fabritz L, Hund TJ, Knollmann BC, Li N, Murray KT, Poelzing S, Quinn TA, Remme CA, Rentschler SL, Rose RA, Posnack NG. Guidelines for assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias in small animals. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1137-H1166. [PMID: 36269644 PMCID: PMC9678409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00439.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although recent advances in cell-based models, including human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM), are contributing to our understanding of electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms, preclinical animal studies of cardiovascular disease remain a mainstay. Over the past several decades, animal models of cardiovascular disease have advanced our understanding of pathological remodeling, arrhythmia mechanisms, and drug effects and have led to major improvements in pacing and defibrillation therapies. There exist a variety of methodological approaches for the assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and a plethora of parameters may be assessed with each approach. This guidelines article will provide an overview of the strengths and limitations of several common techniques used to assess electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms at the whole animal, whole heart, and tissue level with a focus on small animal models. We also define key electrophysiological parameters that should be assessed, along with their physiological underpinnings, and the best methods with which to assess these parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M. Ripplinger
- 1Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Alexey V. Glukhov
- 2Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew W. Kay
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bastiaan J. Boukens
- 4Department Physiology, University Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands,5Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- 1Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California,6Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California,7Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California
| | - Brian P. Delisle
- 8Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- 9University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf with DZHK Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Germany,10Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Hund
- 11Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,12Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bjorn C. Knollmann
- 13Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Na Li
- 14Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine T. Murray
- 15Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven Poelzing
- 16Virginia Tech Carilon School of Medicine, Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia,17Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - T. Alexander Quinn
- 18Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,19School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- 20Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stacey L. Rentschler
- 21Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert A. Rose
- 22Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,23Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikki G. Posnack
- 24Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia,25Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee J, Gänswein T, Ulusan H, Emmenegger V, Saguner AM, Duru F, Hierlemann A. Repeated and On-Demand Intracellular Recordings of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3181-3191. [PMID: 36166837 PMCID: PMC7613763 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds may have cardiotoxic properties, triggering potentially life-threatening arrhythmias. To investigate proarrhythmic effects of drugs, the patch clamp technique has been used as the gold standard for characterizing the electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes in vitro. However, the applicability of this technology for drug screening is limited, as it is complex to use and features low throughput. Recent studies have demonstrated that 3D-nanostructured electrodes enable to obtain intracellular signals from many cardiomyocytes in parallel; however, the tedious electrode fabrication and limited measurement duration still remain major issues for cardiotoxicity testing. Here, we demonstrate how porous Pt-black electrodes, arranged in high-density microelectrode arrays, can be used to record intracellular-like signals of cardiomyocytes at large scale repeatedly over an extended period of time. The developed technique, which yields highly parallelized electroporations using stimulation voltages around 1 V peak-to-peak amplitude, enabled intracellular-like recordings at high success rates without causing significant alteration in key electrophysiological features. In a proof-of-concept study, we investigated electrophysiological modulations induced by two clinically applied drugs, nifedipine and quinidine. As the obtained results were in good agreement with previously published data, we are confident that the developed technique has the potential to be routinely used in in vitro platforms for cardiotoxicity screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Lee
- Corresponding Authors Jihyun Lee — Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; ® Phone: +41 (0)61 387 31 28; jihyun.lee@ bsse.ethz.ch; Andreas Hierlemann — Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Phone: +41 (0)61 387 31 50;
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Corresponding Authors Jihyun Lee — Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; ® Phone: +41 (0)61 387 31 28; jihyun.lee@ bsse.ethz.ch; Andreas Hierlemann — Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Phone: +41 (0)61 387 31 50;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dou W, Malhi M, Cui T, Wang M, Wang T, Shan G, Law J, Gong Z, Plakhotnik J, Filleter T, Li R, Simmons CA, Maynes JT, Sun Y. A Carbon-Based Biosensing Platform for Simultaneously Measuring the Contraction and Electrophysiology of iPSC-Cardiomyocyte Monolayers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11278-11290. [PMID: 35715006 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart beating is triggered by the generation and propagation of action potentials through the myocardium, resulting in the synchronous contraction of cardiomyocytes. This process highlights the importance of electrical and mechanical coordination in organ function. Investigating the pathogenesis of heart diseases and potential therapeutic actions in vitro requires biosensing technologies which allow for long-term and simultaneous measurement of the contractility and electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes. However, the adoption of current biosensing approaches for functional measurement of in vitro cardiac models is hampered by low sensitivity, difficulties in achieving multifunctional detection, and costly manufacturing processes. Leveraging carbon-based nanomaterials, we developed a biosensing platform that is capable of performing on-chip and simultaneous measurement of contractility and electrophysiology of human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM) monolayers. This platform integrates with a flexible thin-film cantilever embedded with a carbon black (CB)-PDMS strain sensor for high-sensitivity contraction measurement and four pure carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes for the detection of extracellular field potentials with low electrode impedance. Cardiac functional properties including contractile stress, beating rate, beating rhythm, and extracellular field potential were evaluated to quantify iPSC-CM responses to common cardiotropic agents. In addition, an in vitro model of drug-induced cardiac arrhythmia was established to further validate the platform for disease modeling and drug testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Manpreet Malhi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Teng Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Minyao Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tiancong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Guanqiao Shan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Junhui Law
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Zheyuan Gong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Julia Plakhotnik
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Renke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jason T Maynes
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 3A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Chigurupati S, Felemban SG, Alsubayiel AM, Iqbal MS, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S, Mostafavi E. "Cutting the Mustard" with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview and Applications in Healthcare Paradigm. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2757-2780. [PMID: 35793037 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of numerous ailments has been made accessible by the advent of genetic engineering, where the self-renewal property has unfolded the mysteries of regeneration, i.e., stem cells. This is narrowed down to pluripotency, the cell property of differentiating into other adult cells. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was a major breakthrough in 2006, which was generated by a cocktail of 4 Yamanaka Factors, following which significant advancements have been reported in medical science and therapeutics. The iPSCs are reprogrammed from somatic cells, and the fascinating results focused on developing authentic techniques for their generation via molecular reprogramming mechanisms, with a plethora of molecules, like NANOG, miRNAs, and DNA modifying agents, etc. The iPSCs have exhibited reliable results in assessing the etiology and molecular mechanisms of diseases, followed by the development of possible treatments and the elimination of risks of immune rejection. The authors formulate a comprehensive review to develop a clear understanding of iPSC generation, their advantages and limitations, with potential challenges associated with their medical utility. In addition, a wide compendium of applications of iPSCs in regenerative medicine and disease modeling has been discussed, alongside bioengineering technologies for iPSC reprogramming, expansion, isolation, and differentiation. The manuscript aims to provide a holistic picture of the booming advancement of iPSC therapy, to attract the attention of global researchers, to investigate this versatile approach in treatment of multiple disorders, subsequently overcoming the challenges, in order to effectively expand its therapeutic window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alsubayiel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.,School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Drug repurposing is the use of a given therapeutic agent for indications other than that for which it was originally designed or intended. The concept is appealing because of potentially lower development costs and shorter timelines than are needed to produce a new drug. To date, drug repurposing for cardiovascular indications has been opportunistic and driven by knowledge of disease mechanisms or serendipitous observation rather than by systematic endeavours to match an existing drug to a new indication. Innovations in two areas of personalized medicine — computational approaches to associate drug effects with disease signatures and predictive model systems to screen drugs for disease-modifying activities — support efforts that together create an efficient pipeline to systematically repurpose drugs to treat cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, new experimental strategies that guide the medicinal chemistry re-engineering of drugs could improve repurposing efforts by tailoring a medicine to its new indication. In this Review, we summarize the historical approach to repurposing and discuss the technological advances that have created a new landscape of opportunities. Drugs can be repurposed for new therapeutic indications. In this Review, Mercola and colleagues summarize the latest techniques for systematic drug repurposing and re-engineering, which could increase the pace, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of drug discovery for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Contemporary technologies are expected to make drug repurposing large-scale, systematic and deliberate rather than opportunistic. New experimental and computational tools harness patient genomics for drug repurposing. Discovery of repurposed drugs on the basis of patient genomics has implications for precision prescribing of medicines to treat individual patients. The treatment of rare, monogenic diseases, which often provide too little return on investment to incentivize conventional drug discovery, might benefit because the molecular aetiologies of these diseases are well suited to the discovery of drug repurposing candidates.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kwok CK, Sébastien I, Hariharan K, Meiser I, Wihan J, Altmaier S, Karnatz I, Bauer D, Fischer B, Feile A, Cabrera-Socorro A, Rasmussen M, Holst B, Neubauer JC, Clausen C, Verfaillie C, Ebneth A, Hansson M, Steeg R, Zimmermann H. Scalable expansion of iPSC and their derivatives across multiple lineages. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:23-35. [PMID: 35595152 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology enabled the production of pluripotent stem cell lines from somatic cells from a range of known genetic backgrounds. Their ability to differentiate and generate a wide variety of cell types has resulted in their use for various biomedical applications, including toxicity testing. Many of these iPSC lines are now registered in databases and stored in biobanks such as the European Bank for induced pluripotent Stem Cells (EBiSC), which can streamline the quality control and distribution of these individual lines. To generate the quantities of cells for banking and applications like high-throughput toxicity screening, scalable and robust methods need to be developed to enable the large-scale production of iPSCs. 3D suspension culture platforms are increasingly being used by stem cell researchers, owing to a higher cell output in a smaller footprint, as well as simpler scaling by increasing culture volume. Here we describe our strategies for successful scalable production of iPSCs using a benchtop bioreactor and incubator for 3D suspension cultures, while maintaining quality attributes expected of high-quality iPSC lines. Additionally, to meet the increasing demand for "ready-to-use" cell types, we report recent work to establish robust, scalable differentiation protocols to cardiac, neural, and hepatic fate to enable EBiSC to increase available research tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Keong Kwok
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Sébastien
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krithika Hariharan
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ina Meiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Jeanette Wihan
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Altmaier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Isabell Karnatz
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Bauer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Fischer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Feile
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Socorro
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Bjørn Holst
- Bioneer A/S, Kogle Allé 2, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Ebneth
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mattias Hansson
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Rachel Steeg
- Fraunhofer UK Research Ltd, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brooks IR, Garrone CM, Kerins C, Kiar CS, Syntaka S, Xu JZ, Spagnoli FM, Watt FM. Functional genomics and the future of iPSCs in disease modeling. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1033-1047. [PMID: 35487213 PMCID: PMC9133703 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are valuable in disease modeling because of their potential to expand and differentiate into virtually any cell type and recapitulate key aspects of human biology. Functional genomics are genome-wide studies that aim to discover genotype-phenotype relationships, thereby revealing the impact of human genetic diversity on normal and pathophysiology. In this review, we make the case that human iPSCs (hiPSCs) are a powerful tool for functional genomics, since they provide an in vitro platform for the study of population genetics. We describe cutting-edge tools and strategies now available to researchers, including multi-omics technologies, advances in hiPSC culture techniques, and innovations in drug development. Functional genomics approaches based on hiPSCs hold great promise for advancing drug discovery, disease etiology, and the impact of genetic variation on human biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imogen R Brooks
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cristina M Garrone
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Caoimhe Kerins
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cher Shen Kiar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sofia Syntaka
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jessie Z Xu
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK; Directors' Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Murata K, Masumoto H. Systems for the functional evaluation of human heart tissues derived from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:537-545. [PMID: 35303744 PMCID: PMC9216506 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are expected to be a promising cell source in regenerative medicine and drug discovery for the treatment of various intractable diseases. An approach for creating a three-dimensional (3D) structure from hPSCs that mimics human cardiac tissue functions has made it theoretically possible to conduct drug discovery and cardiotoxicity tests by assessing pharmacological responses in human cardiac tissues by a screening system using a compound library. The myocardium functions as a tissue composed of organized vascular networks, supporting stromal cells and cardiac muscle cells. Considering this, the reconstruction of tissue structure by various cells of cardiovascular lineages, such as vascular cells and cardiac muscle cells, is desirable for the ideal conformation of hPSC-derived cardiac tissues. Heart-on-a-chip, an organ-on-a-chip system to evaluate the physiological pump function of 3D cardiac tissues might hold promise in medical researches such as drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Here, we review various modalities to evaluate the function of human stem cell-derived cardiac tissues and introduce heart-on-a-chip systems that can recapitulate physiological parameters of hPSC-derived cardiac tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Murata
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Masumoto
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Faulkner-Jones A, Zamora V, Hortigon-Vinagre MP, Wang W, Ardron M, Smith GL, Shu W. A Bioprinted Heart-on-a-Chip with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Drug Evaluation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010032. [PMID: 35049741 PMCID: PMC8773426 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we show that valve-based bioprinting induces no measurable detrimental effects on human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). The aim of the current study was three-fold: first, to assess the response of hiPSC-CMs to several hydrogel formulations by measuring electrophysiological function; second, to customise a new microvalve-based cell printing mechanism in order to deliver hiPSC-CMs suspensions, and third, to compare the traditional manual pipetting cell-culture method and cardiomyocytes dispensed with the bioprinter. To achieve the first and third objectives, iCell2 (Cellular Dynamics International) hiPSC-CMs were used. The effects of well-known drugs were tested on iCell2 cultured by manual pipetting and bioprinting. Despite the results showing that hydrogels and their cross-linkers significantly reduced the electrophysiological performance of the cells compared with those cultured on fibronectin, the bio-ink droplets containing a liquid suspension of live cardiomyocytes proved to be an alternative to standard manual handling and could reduce the number of cells required for drug testing, with no significant differences in drug-sensitivity between both approaches. These results provide a basis for the development of a novel bioprinter with nanolitre resolution to decrease the required number of cells and to automate the cell plating process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Faulkner-Jones
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (A.F.-J.); (W.W.)
| | - Victor Zamora
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Maria P. Hortigon-Vinagre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Universidad de Extremadura, Facultad de Ciencias, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-289-300 (ext. 89053)
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (A.F.-J.); (W.W.)
| | - Marcus Ardron
- Renishaw PLC, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK;
| | - Godfrey L. Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
- Clyde Biosciences, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu H, Wali R, Cheruiyot C, Bodenschatz J, Hasenfuss G, Janshoff A, Habeck M, Ebert A. Non-negative blind deconvolution for signal processing in a CRISPR-edited iPSC-cardiomyocyte model of dilated cardiomyopathy. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2544-2557. [PMID: 34482543 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We developed an integrated platform for analysis of parameterized data from human disease models. We report a non-negative blind deconvolution (NNBD) approach to quantify calcium (Ca2+ ) handling, beating force and contractility in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) at the single-cell level. We employed CRISPR/Cas gene editing to introduce a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-causing mutation in troponin T (TnT), TnT-R141W, into wild-type control iPSCs (MUT). The NNDB-based method enabled data parametrization, fitting and analysis in wild-type controls versus isogenic MUT iPSC-CMs. Of note, Cas9-edited TnT-R141W iPSC-CMs revealed significantly reduced beating force and prolonged contractile event duration. The NNBD-based platform provides an alternative framework for improved quantitation of molecular disease phenotypes and may contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Heart Research Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen University, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ruheen Wali
- Heart Research Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen University, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cleophas Cheruiyot
- Heart Research Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen University, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Heart Research Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen University, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Goettingen University, Germany
| | | | - Antje Ebert
- Heart Research Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen University, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kwon SP, Song SY, Yoo J, Kim HY, Lee JR, Kang M, Sohn HS, Go S, Jung M, Hong J, Lim S, Kim C, Moon S, Char K, Kim BS. Multilayered Cell Sheets of Cardiac Reprogrammed Cells for the Evaluation of Drug Cytotoxicity. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:807-818. [PMID: 34251653 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various cell-culture systems have been used to evaluate drug toxicity in vitro. However, factors that affect cytotoxicity outcomes in drug toxicity evaluation systems remain elusive. In this study, we used multilayered sheets of cardiac-mimetic cells, which were reprogrammed from human fibroblasts, to investigate the effects of the layer number on drug cytotoxicity outcomes. METHODS Cell sheets of cardiac-mimetic cells were fabricated by reprogramming of human fibroblasts into cardiac-mimetic cells via coculture with cardiac cells and electric stimulation, as previously described. Double-layered cell sheets were prepared by stacking the cell sheets. The mono- and double-layered cell sheets were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an anticancer drug, in vitro. Subsequently, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Furthermore, effects of cardiac-mimetic cell density on cytotoxicity outcomes were evaluated by culturing cells in monolayer at various cell densities. RESULTS The double-layered cell sheets exhibited lower cytotoxicity in terms of apoptosis and lipid peroxidation than the mono-layered sheets at the same 5-FU dose. In addition, the double-layered cell sheets showed better preservation of mitochondrial function and plasma membrane integrity than the monolayer sheets. The lower cytotoxicity outcomes in the double-layered cell sheets may be due to the higher intercellular interactions, as the cytotoxicity of 5-FU decreased with cell density in monolayer cultures of cardiac-mimetic cells. CONCLUSION The layer number of cardiac-mimetic cell sheets affects drug cytotoxicity outcomes in drug toxicity tests. The in vitro cellular configuration that more closely mimics the in vivo configuration in the evaluation systems seems to exhibit lower cytotoxicity in response to drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Pil Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yoo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ro Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Sohn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyoung Go
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungyo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhyun Lim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheesue Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Engineered cardiac tissue microsphere production through direct differentiation of hydrogel-encapsulated human pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120818. [PMID: 34023620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues that can be directly produced from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in scalable, suspension culture systems are needed to meet the demands of cardiac regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate successful production of functional cardiac tissue microspheres through direct differentiation of hydrogel encapsulated hiPSCs. To form the microspheres, hiPSCs were suspended within the photocrosslinkable biomaterial, PEG-fibrinogen (25 million cells/mL), and encapsulated at a rate of 420,000 cells/minute using a custom microfluidic system. Even at this high cell density and rapid production rate, high intra-batch and batch-to-batch reproducibility was achieved. Following microsphere formation, hiPSCs maintained high cell viability and continued to grow within and beyond the original PEG-fibrinogen matrix. These initially soft microspheres (<250 Pa) supported efficient cardiac differentiation; spontaneous contractions initiated by differentiation day 8, and the microspheres contained >75% cardiomyocytes (CMs). CMs responded appropriately to pharmacological stimuli and exhibited 1:1 capture up to 6.0 Hz when electrically paced. Over time, cells formed cell-cell junctions and aligned myofibril fibers; engineered cardiac microspheres were maintained in culture over 3 years. The capability to rapidly generate uniform cardiac microsphere tissues is critical for advancing downstream applications including biomanufacturing, multi-well plate drug screening, and injection-based regenerative therapies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gähwiler EKN, Motta SE, Martin M, Nugraha B, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Human iPSCs and Genome Editing Technologies for Precision Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639699. [PMID: 34262897 PMCID: PMC8273765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originate from the reprogramming of adult somatic cells using four Yamanaka transcription factors. Since their discovery, the stem cell (SC) field achieved significant milestones and opened several gateways in the area of disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In parallel, the emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) revolutionized the field of genome engineering, allowing the generation of genetically modified cell lines and achieving a precise genome recombination or random insertions/deletions, usefully translated for wider applications. Cardiovascular diseases represent a constantly increasing societal concern, with limited understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The ability of iPSCs to differentiate into multiple cell types combined with CRISPR-Cas9 technology could enable the systematic investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms or drug screening for potential therapeutics. Furthermore, these technologies can provide a cellular platform for cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE) approaches by modulating the expression or inhibition of targeted proteins, thereby creating the possibility to engineer new cell lines and/or fine-tune biomimetic scaffolds. This review will focus on the application of iPSCs, CRISPR-Cas9, and a combination thereof to the field of cardiovascular TE. In particular, the clinical translatability of such technologies will be discussed ranging from disease modeling to drug screening and TE applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E. Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bramasta Nugraha
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gharanei M, Shafaattalab S, Sangha S, Gunawan M, Laksman Z, Hove-Madsen L, Tibbits GF. Atrial-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in drug discovery and disease modeling. Methods 2021; 203:364-377. [PMID: 34144175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and application of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been instrumental in the investigation of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Patient-specific hiPSCs can now be generated, genome-edited, and subsequently differentiated into various cell types and used for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug testing, toxicity screening, and 3D tissue generation. Modulation of the retinoic acid signaling pathway has been shown to direct cardiomyocyte differentiation towards an atrial lineage. A variety of studies have successfully differentiated patient-specific atrial cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-aCM) and atrial engineered heart tissue (aEHT) that express atrial specific genes (e.g., sarcolipin and ANP) and exhibit atrial electrophysiological and contractility profiles. Identification of protocols to differentiate atrial cells from patients with atrial fibrillation and other inherited diseases or creating disease models using genetic mutation studies has shed light on the mechanisms of atrial-specific diseases and identified the efficacy of atrial-selective pharmacological compounds. hiPSC-aCMs and aEHTs can be used in drug discovery and drug screening studies to investigate the efficacy of atrial selective drugs on atrial fibrillation models. Furthermore, hiPSC-aCMs can be effective tools in studying the mechanism, pathophysiology and treatment options of atrial fibrillation and its genetic underpinnings. The main limitation of using hiPSC-CMs is their immature phenotype compared to adult CMs. A wide range of approaches and protocols are used by various laboratories to optimize and enhance CM maturation, including electrical stimulation, culture time, biophysical cues and changes in metabolic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayel Gharanei
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sanam Shafaattalab
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sarabjit Sangha
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Marvin Gunawan
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Cardiac Rhythm and Contraction Group, IIBB-CSIC, CIBERCV, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08025, Spain
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gnecchi M, Sala L, Schwartz PJ. Precision Medicine and cardiac channelopathies: when dreams meet reality. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1661-1675. [PMID: 33686390 PMCID: PMC8088342 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision Medicine (PM) is an innovative approach that, by relying on large populations’ datasets, patients’ genetics and characteristics, and advanced technologies, aims at improving risk stratification and at identifying patient-specific management through targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Cardiac channelopathies are being progressively involved in the evolution brought by PM and some of them are benefiting from these novel approaches, especially the long QT syndrome. Here, we have explored the main layers that should be considered when developing a PM approach for cardiac channelopathies, with a focus on modern in vitro strategies based on patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cells and on in silico models. PM is where scientists and clinicians must meet and integrate their expertise to improve medical care in an innovative way but without losing common sense. We have indeed tried to provide the cardiologist’s point of view by comparing state-of-the-art techniques and approaches, including revolutionary discoveries, to current practice. This point matters because the new approaches may, or may not, exceed the efficacy and safety of established therapies. Thus, our own eagerness to implement the most recent translational strategies for cardiac channelopathies must be tempered by an objective assessment to verify whether the PM approaches are indeed making a difference for the patients. We believe that PM may shape the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac channelopathies for years to come. Nonetheless, its potential superiority over standard therapies should be constantly monitored and assessed before translating intellectually rewarding new discoveries into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences-Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, J-Floor, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Luca Sala
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Via Pier Lombardo 22 - 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Via Pier Lombardo 22 - 20135 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Karch SB, Fineschi V, Francia P, Scopetti M, Padovano M, Manetti F, Santurro A, Frati P, Volpe M. Role of induced pluripotent stem cells in diagnostic cardiology. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:331-341. [PMID: 34136069 PMCID: PMC8176845 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethical concerns about stem cell-based research have delayed important advances in many areas of medicine, including cardiology. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has supplanted the need to use human stem cells for most purposes, thus eliminating all ethical controversies. Since then, many new avenues have been opened in cardiology research, not only in approaches to tissue replacement but also in the design and testing of antiarrhythmic drugs. This methodology has advanced to the point where induced human cardiomyocyte cell lines can now also be obtained from commercial sources or tissue banks. Initial studies with readily available iPSCs have generally confirmed that their behavioral characteristics accurately predict the behavior of beating cardiomyocytes in vivo. As a result, iPSCs can provide new ways to study arrhythmias and heart disease in general, accelerating the development of new, more effective antiarrhythmic drugs, clinical diagnoses, and personalized medical care. The focus on producing cardiomyocytes that can be used to replace damaged heart tissue has somewhat diverted interest in a host of other applications. This manuscript is intended to provide non-specialists with a brief introduction and overview of the research carried out in the field of heart rhythm disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Karch
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, United States
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Pietro Francia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Scopetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Martina Padovano
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Federico Manetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- Department SAIMLAL, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santurro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- Department SAIMLAL, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00197, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bowman PRT, Smith GL, Gould GW. Run for your life: can exercise be used to effectively target GLUT4 in diabetic cardiac disease? PeerJ 2021; 9:e11485. [PMID: 34113491 PMCID: PMC8162245 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence, associated mortality rates and economic burden of diabetes are now such that it is considered one of the most pressing worldwide public health challenges. Considerable research is now devoted to better understanding the mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of this disease, with an ultimate aim of improving the array of available preventive and therapeutic interventions. One area of particular unmet clinical need is the significantly elevated rate of cardiomyopathy in diabetic patients, which in part contributes to cardiovascular disease being the primary cause of premature death in this population. This review will first consider the role of metabolism and more specifically the insulin sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 in diabetic cardiac disease, before addressing how we may use exercise to intervene in order to beneficially impact key functional clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R T Bowman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alle Q, Le Borgne E, Milhavet O, Lemaitre JM. Reprogramming: Emerging Strategies to Rejuvenate Aging Cells and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3990. [PMID: 33924362 PMCID: PMC8070588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive and functional decline of all tissues and a striking increase in many "age-related diseases". Although aging has long been considered an inevitable process, strategies to delay and potentially even reverse the aging process have recently been developed. Here, we review emerging rejuvenation strategies that are based on reprogramming toward pluripotency. Some of these approaches may eventually lead to medical applications to improve healthspan and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Alle
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Q.A.); (E.L.B.)
| | - Enora Le Borgne
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Q.A.); (E.L.B.)
| | - Ollivier Milhavet
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Q.A.); (E.L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hnatiuk AP, Briganti F, Staudt DW, Mercola M. Human iPSC modeling of heart disease for drug development. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:271-282. [PMID: 33740432 PMCID: PMC8054828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have emerged as a promising platform for pharmacogenomics and drug development. In cardiology, they make it possible to produce unlimited numbers of patient-specific human cells that reproduce hallmark features of heart disease in the culture dish. Their potential applications include the discovery of mechanism-specific therapeutics, the evaluation of safety and efficacy in a human context before a drug candidate reaches patients, and the stratification of patients for clinical trials. Although this new technology has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery, translational hurdles have hindered its widespread adoption for pharmaceutical development. Here we discuss recent progress in overcoming these hurdles that should facilitate the use of hiPSCs to develop new medicines and individualize therapies for heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Hnatiuk
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 240 Pasteur Drive, Biomedical Innovation Building, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francesca Briganti
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 240 Pasteur Drive, Biomedical Innovation Building, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David W Staudt
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 240 Pasteur Drive, Biomedical Innovation Building, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 240 Pasteur Drive, Biomedical Innovation Building, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Genetic Cardiomyopathies: The Lesson Learned from hiPSCs. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051149. [PMID: 33803477 PMCID: PMC7967174 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathies represent a wide spectrum of inherited diseases and constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality among young people, which can manifest with heart failure, arrhythmias, and/or sudden cardiac death. Multiple underlying genetic variants and molecular pathways have been discovered in recent years; however, assessing the pathogenicity of new variants often needs in-depth characterization in order to ascertain a causal role in the disease. The application of human induced pluripotent stem cells has greatly helped to advance our knowledge in this field and enabled to obtain numerous in vitro patient-specific cellular models useful to study the underlying molecular mechanisms and test new therapeutic strategies. A milestone in the research of genetically determined heart disease was the introduction of genomic technologies that provided unparalleled opportunities to explore the genetic architecture of cardiomyopathies, thanks to the generation of isogenic pairs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main research that helped elucidate the pathophysiology of the most common genetic cardiomyopathies: hypertrophic, dilated, arrhythmogenic, and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathies. A special focus is provided on the application of gene-editing techniques in understanding key disease characteristics and on the therapeutic approaches that have been tested.
Collapse
|
31
|
Age-Related Macular Degeneration: From Epigenetics to Therapeutic Implications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1256:221-235. [PMID: 33848004 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66014-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of epigenetic mechanisms, including the two most common types; DNA methylation and histone modification have been implicated in common chronic progressive conditions, including Alzheimer disease, cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). All these conditions are complex, meaning that environmental factors, genetic factors, and their interactions play a role in disease pathophysiology. Although genome wide association studies (GWAS), and studies on twins demonstrate the genetic/hereditary component to these complex diseases, including AMD, this contribution is much less than 100%. Moreover, the contribution of the hereditary component decreases in the advanced, later onset forms of these chronic diseases including AMD. This underscores the need to elucidate how the genetic and environmental factors function to exert their influence on disease pathophysiology. By teasing out epigenetic mechanisms and how they exert their influence on AMD, therapeutic targets can be tailored to prevent and/or slow down disease progression. Epigenetic studies that incorporate well-characterized patient tissue samples (including affected tissues and peripheral blood), similar to those relevant to gene expression studies, along with genetic and epidemiological information, can be the first step in developing appropriate functional assays to validate findings and identify potential therapies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Microelectrode Arrays: A Valuable Tool to Analyze Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
33
|
Murchison AC, Odanga JJ, Treadwell ML, Breathwaite EK, Weaver JR, Lee JB. Human Placenta-Derived ECM Supports Tri-Lineage Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:432-438. [PMID: 32840229 PMCID: PMC7691852 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for future applications in drug discovery and cell therapies. hPSC culture protocols require specific substrates and medium supplements to support cell expansion and lineage specific differentiation. The animal origin of these substrates is a severe limitation when considering the translation of hPSC derivatives to the clinic and in vitro disease modeling. The present study evaluates the use of a human placenta-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel, HuGentraⓇ, to support tri-lineage differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Lineage-specific embryoid bodies (EBs) were plated onto three separate matrices, and differentiation efficiency was evaluated based on morphology, protein, and gene expression. HuGentra was found to support the differentiation of hiPSCs to all three germ layers: ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal lineages. hiPSCs differentiated into neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes on HuGentra had similar morphology, protein, and gene expression compared to differentiation on Matrigel or other cell preferred matrices. HuGentra can be considered as a suitable human substrate for hiPSC differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Murchison
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Justin J Odanga
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica R Weaver
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Santini L, Palandri C, Nediani C, Cerbai E, Coppini R. Modelling genetic diseases for drug development: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
35
|
Paik DT, Chandy M, Wu JC. Patient and Disease-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Discovery of Personalized Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:320-342. [PMID: 31871214 PMCID: PMC6934989 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an effective platform for regenerative therapy, disease modeling, and drug discovery. iPSCs allow for the production of limitless supply of patient-specific somatic cells that enable advancement in cardiovascular precision medicine. Over the past decade, researchers have developed protocols to differentiate iPSCs to multiple cardiovascular lineages, as well as to enhance the maturity and functionality of these cells. Despite significant advances, drug therapy and discovery for cardiovascular disease have lagged behind other fields such as oncology. We speculate that this paucity of drug discovery is due to a previous lack of efficient, reproducible, and translational model systems. Notably, existing drug discovery and testing platforms rely on animal studies and clinical trials, but investigations in animal models have inherent limitations due to interspecies differences. Moreover, clinical trials are inherently flawed by assuming that all individuals with a disease will respond identically to a therapy, ignoring the genetic and epigenomic variations that define our individuality. With ever-improving differentiation and phenotyping methods, patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiovascular cells allow unprecedented opportunities to discover new drug targets and screen compounds for cardiovascular disease. Imbued with the genetic information of an individual, iPSCs will vastly improve our ability to test drugs efficiently, as well as tailor and titrate drug therapy for each patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jiang M, Liu T, Zhang J, Gao S, Tao B, Cao R, Qiu Y, Liu J, Li Y, Wang Y, Cao F. Rapamycin Promotes Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Stage-Dependent Manner. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1229-1239. [PMID: 32693734 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) are a promising source for cardiac regenerative therapy, and ideal for in vitro cell modeling of cardiovascular diseases and drug screening. Recent studies have shown that rapamycin can promote cardiomyocyte differentiation in various stem cells. However, how rapamycin affects cardiomyocyte differentiation of iPSCs is still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rapamycin on cardiomyocyte differentiation based on embryoid body (EB) method. First, to determine the autophagy induction protocol, different concentrations of rapamycin were applied in hEBs on day 6. The autophagy was most significant when applying rapamycin at 1 μM for 48 h, demonstrating by the LC3II/LC3I ratio and p62 expression. Then, 1 μM rapamycin was applied for 48 h at different time points of cardiomyocyte differentiation to investigate the role of rapamycin in this process. Compared with control, rapamycin applied on days 0-4 of differentiation significantly decreased the proportion of beating EBs and expression of cardiomyocyte-specific genes, while rapamycin applied on days 4-14 significantly increased them. Among all groups, rapamycin applied on days 4-6 achieved highest cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency. Furthermore, using autophagy inhibitor NH4Cl and GSK-3β inhibitor CHIR-99021, we found rapamycin-induced autophagy promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation at middle stage by negatively regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results suggest that rapamycin regulates EB-based cardiomyocyte differentiation in a stage-dependent manner, and the negative regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by autophagy was involved in the prodifferentiation effect of rapamycin at middle stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Qiu
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Junsong Liu
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pálóczi J, Szántai Á, Kobolák J, Bock I, Ruivo E, Kiss B, Gáspár R, Pipis J, Ocsovszki I, Táncos Z, Fehér A, Dinnyés A, Onódi Z, Madonna R, Ferdinandy P, Görbe A. Systematic analysis of different pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes as potential testing model for cardiocytoprotection. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 133-134:106781. [PMID: 32827678 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes are potential sources for testing cardiocytoprotective molecules against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we performed a systematic analysis of two different induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSC 3.4 and 4.1) and an embryonic stem cell (ESC) line-derived cardiac myocytes at two different developmental stages. Cell viability in simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R)-induced injury and a known cardiocytoprotective NO-donor, S-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) was tested. RESULTS After analysis of full embryoid bodies (EBs) and cardiac marker (VCAM and cardiac troponin I) positive cells of three lines at 6 conditions (32 different conditions altogether), we found significant SI/R injury-induced cell death in both full EBs and VCAM+ cardiac cells at later stage of their differentiation. Moreover, full EBs of the iPS 4.1 cell line after oxidative stress induction by SNAP was protected at day-8 samples. CONCLUSION We have shown that 4.1 iPS-derived cardiomyocyte line could serve as a testing platform for cardiocytoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pálóczi
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Á Szántai
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - J Kobolák
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - I Bock
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - E Ruivo
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - B Kiss
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - R Gáspár
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - J Pipis
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, 6722 Hungary
| | - I Ocsovszki
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Z Táncos
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - A Fehér
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - A Dinnyés
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - Z Onódi
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - R Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa; Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - P Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, 6722 Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Hungary; Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - A Görbe
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, 6722 Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Hungary; Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bektik E, Cowan DB, Wang DZ. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Atrial Fibrillation: Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as a Model System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155424. [PMID: 32751460 PMCID: PMC7432754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of sustained arrhythmia in humans often characterized by devastating alterations to the cardiac conduction system as well as the structure of the atria. AF can lead to decreased cardiac function, heart failure, and other complications. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in the cardiovascular system, including AF; however, a large group of lncRNAs is not conserved between mouse and human. Furthermore, AF has complex networks showing variations in mechanisms in different species, making it challenging to utilize conventional animal models to investigate the functional roles and potential therapeutic benefits of lncRNAs for AF. Fortunately, pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) offer a reliable platform to study lncRNA functions in AF because of certain electrophysiological and molecular similarities with native human CMs. In this review, we first summarize the broad aspects of lncRNAs in various heart disease settings, then focus on their potential roles in AF development and pathophysiology. We also discuss current uses of PSCs in AF research and describe how these studies could be developed into novel therapeutics for AF and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bektik
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.B.); (D.B.C.)
| | - Douglas B. Cowan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.B.); (D.B.C.)
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.B.); (D.B.C.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ramírez J, Polat B, Lipomi DJ. Metallic Nanoislands on Graphene for Biomechanical Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15763-15770. [PMID: 32656394 PMCID: PMC7345399 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This minireview describes a nanomaterial-based multimodal sensor for performing biomechanical measurements. The sensor consists of ultrathin metallic films on single-layer graphene. This composite material exhibits physical properties that neither material possesses alone. For example, the metal, deposited by evaporation at low (≤10 nm) nominal thicknesses, renders the film highly sensitive to mechanical stimuli, which can be detected using electrical (i.e., resistance) and optical (i.e., plasmonic) modalities. The electrical modality, in particular, is capable of resolving deformations as small as 0.0001% engineering strain, or 1 ppm. The electrical and optical responses of the composite films can be tailored by controlling the morphology of the metallic film. This morphology (granular or island-like when deposited onto the graphene) can be tuned using the conditions of deposition, the identity of the substrate beneath the graphene, or even the replacement of the graphene for hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). This material responds to forces produced by a range of physiological structures, from the contractions of heart muscle cells, to the beating of the heart through the skin, to stretching of the skin due to the expansion of the lungs and movement of limbs. Here, we provide an update on recent applications of this material in fields ranging from cardiovascular medicine (by measuring the contractions of 2D monolayers of cardiomyocytes), regenerative medicine (optical measurements of the forces produced by myoblasts), speech pathology and physical therapy (measuring swallowing function in head and neck cancer survivors), lab-on-a-chip devices (using deformation of sidewalls of microfluidic channels to detect transiting objects), and sleep medicine (measuring pulse and respiration with a wearable, unobtrusive device). We also discuss the mechanisms by which these films detect strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ramírez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Beril Polat
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Silva MC, Haggarty SJ. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived models and drug screening in CNS precision medicine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1471:18-56. [PMID: 30875083 PMCID: PMC8193821 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective therapeutics for neurological disorders has historically been challenging partly because of lack of accurate model systems in which to investigate disease etiology and test new therapeutics at the preclinical stage. Human stem cells, particularly patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) upon differentiation, have the ability to recapitulate aspects of disease pathophysiology and are increasingly recognized as robust scalable systems for drug discovery. We review advances in deriving cellular models of human central nervous system (CNS) disorders using iPSCs along with strategies for investigating disease-relevant phenotypes, translatable biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Given their potential to identify novel therapeutic targets and leads, we focus on phenotype-based, small-molecule screens employing human stem cell-derived models. Integrated efforts to assemble patient iPSC-derived cell models with deeply annotated clinicopathological data, along with molecular and drug-response signatures, may aid in the stratification of patients, diagnostics, and clinical trial success, shifting translational science and precision medicine approaches. A number of remaining challenges, including the optimization of cost-effective, large-scale culture of iPSC-derived cell types, incorporation of aging into neuronal models, as well as robustness and automation of phenotypic assays to support quantitative drug efficacy, toxicity, and metabolism testing workflows, are covered. Continued advancement of the field is expected to help fully humanize the process of CNS drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin S, Schorpp K, Rothenaigner I, Hadian K. Image-based high-content screening in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1348-1361. [PMID: 32561299 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While target-based drug discovery strategies rely on the precise knowledge of the identity and function of the drug targets, phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) approaches allow the identification of novel drugs based on knowledge of a distinct phenotype. Image-based high-content screening (HCS) is a potent PDD strategy that characterizes small-molecule effects through the quantification of features that depict cellular changes among or within cell populations, thereby generating valuable data sets for subsequent data analysis. However, these data can be complex, making image analysis from large HCS campaigns challenging. Technological advances in image acquisition, processing, and analysis as well as machine-learning (ML) approaches for the analysis of multidimensional data sets have rendered HCS as a viable technology for small-molecule drug discovery. Here, we discuss HCS concepts, current workflows as well as opportunities and challenges of image-based phenotypic screening and data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Lin
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ina Rothenaigner
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sachinidis A. Cardiotoxicity and Heart Failure: Lessons from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Anticancer Drugs. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041001. [PMID: 32316481 PMCID: PMC7226145 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are discussed as disease modeling for optimization and adaptation of therapy to each individual. However, the fundamental question is still under debate whether stem-cell-based disease modeling and drug discovery are applicable for recapitulating pathological processes under in vivo conditions. Drug treatment and exposure to different chemicals and environmental factors can initiate diseases due to toxicity effects in humans. It is well documented that drug-induced cardiotoxicity accelerates the development of heart failure (HF). Until now, investigations on the understanding of mechanisms involved in HF by anticancer drugs are hindered by limitations of the available cellular models which are relevant for human physiology and by the fact that the clinical manifestation of HF often occurs several years after its initiation. Recently, we identified similar genomic biomarkers as observed by HF after short treatment of hiPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) with different antitumor drugs such as anthracyclines and etoposide (ETP). Moreover, we identified common cardiotoxic biological processes and signal transduction pathways which are discussed as being crucial for the survival and function of cardiomyocytes and, therefore, for the development of HF. In the present review, I discuss the applicability of the in vitro cardiotoxicity test systems as modeling for discovering preventive mechanisms/targets against cardiotoxicity and, therefore, for novel HF therapeutic concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agapios Sachinidis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Holmes JB, Doh CY, Mamidi R, Li J, Stelzer JE. Strategies for targeting the cardiac sarcomere: avenues for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:457-469. [PMID: 32067508 PMCID: PMC7065952 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1722637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Heart failure remains one of the largest clinical challenges in the United States. Researchers have continually searched for more effective heart failure treatments that target the cardiac sarcomere but have found few successes despite numerous expensive cardiovascular clinical trials. Among many reasons, the high failure rate of cardiovascular clinical trials may be partly due to incomplete characterization of a drug candidate's complex interaction with cardiac physiology.Areas covered: In this review, the authors address the issue of preclinical cardiovascular studies of sarcomere-targeting heart failure therapies. The authors consider inherent tradeoffs made between mechanistic transparency and physiological fidelity for several relevant preclinical techniques at the atomic, molecular, heart muscle fiber, whole heart, and whole-organism levels. Thus, the authors suggest a comprehensive, bottom-up approach to preclinical cardiovascular studies that fosters scientific rigor and hypothesis-driven drug discovery.Expert opinion: In the authors' opinion, the implementation of hypothesis-driven drug discovery practices, such as the bottom-up approach to preclinical cardiovascular studies, will be imperative for the successful development of novel heart failure treatments. However, additional changes to clinical definitions of heart failure and current drug discovery culture must accompany the bottom-up approach to maximize the effectiveness of hypothesis-driven drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chang Yoon Doh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ranganath Mamidi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jiayang Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Julian E Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fiedorowicz K, Rozwadowska N, Zimna A, Malcher A, Tutak K, Szczerbal I, Nowicka-Bauer K, Nowaczyk M, Kolanowski TJ, Łabędź W, Kubaszewski Ł, Kurpisz M. Tissue-specific promoter-based reporter system for monitoring cell differentiation from iPSCs to cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1895. [PMID: 32024875 PMCID: PMC7002699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes opens a new platform for modeling cardiac cell differentiation and disease or the development of new drugs. Progress in this field can be accelerated by high-throughput screening (HTS) technology combined with promoter reporter system. The goal of the study was to create and evaluate a responsive promoter reporter system that allows monitoring of iPSC differentiation towards cardiomyocytes. The lentiviral promoter reporter system was based on troponin 2 (TNNT2) and alpha cardiac actin (ACTC) with firefly luciferase and mCherry, respectively. The system was evaluated in two in vitro models. First, system followed the differentiation of TNNT2-luc-T2A-Puro-mCMV-GFP and hACTC-mcherry-WPRE-EF1-Neo from transduced iPSC line towards cardiomyocytes and revealed the significant decrease in both inserts copy number during the prolonged in vitro cell culture (confirmed by I-FISH, ddPCR, qPCR). Second, differentiated and contracting control cardiomyocytes (obtained from control non-reporter transduced iPSCs) were subsequently transduced with TNNT2-luc-T2A-Puro-CMV-GFP and hACTC-mcherry-WPRE-EF1-Neo lentiviruses to observe the functionality of obtained cardiomyocytes. Our results indicated that the reporter modified cell lines can be used for HTS applications, but it is essential to monitor the stability of the reporter sequence during extended cell in vitro culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Zimna
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Malcher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tutak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Wojciech Łabędź
- Department of Spondyloortopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kubaszewski
- Department of Spondyloortopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sakamiya M, Fang Y, Mo X, Shen J, Zhang T. A heart-on-a-chip platform for online monitoring of contractile behavior via digital image processing and piezoelectric sensing technique. Med Eng Phys 2020; 75:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Dissection of heterocellular cross-talk in vascularized cardiac tissue mimetics. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:269-282. [PMID: 31866374 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular specialization and interaction with other cell types in cardiac tissue is essential for the coordinated function of cell populations in the heart. The complex interplay between cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts is necessary for adaptation but can also lead to pathophysiological remodeling. To understand this complex interplay, we developed 3D vascularized cardiac tissue mimetics (CTM) to study heterocellular cross-talk in hypertrophic, hypoxic and fibrogenic environments. This 3D platform responds to physiologic and pathologic stressors and mimics the microenvironment of diseased tissue. In combination with endothelial cell fluorescence reporters, these cardiac tissue mimetics can be used to precisely visualize and quantify cellular and functional responses upon stress stimulation. Utilizing this platform, we demonstrate that stimulation of α/β-adrenergic receptors with phenylephrine (PE) promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, metabolic maturation and vascularization of CTMs. Increased vascularization was promoted by conditioned medium of PE-stimulated cardiomyocytes and blocked by inhibiting VEGF or upon β-adrenergic receptor antagonist treatment, demonstrating cardiomyocyte-endothelial cross-talk. Pathophysiological stressors such as severe hypoxia reduced angiogenic sprouting and increased cell death, while TGF β2 stimulation increased collagen deposition concomitant to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In sum, we have developed a cardiac 3D culture system that reflects native cardiac tissue function, metabolism and morphology - and for the first time enables the tracking and analysis of cardiac vascularization dynamics in physiology and pathology.
Collapse
|
47
|
Biendarra-Tiegs SM, Clemens DJ, Secreto FJ, Nelson TJ. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Non-Cardiomyocytes Modulate Cardiac Electrophysiological Maturation Through Connexin 43-Mediated Cell-Cell Interactions. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 29:75-89. [PMID: 31744402 PMCID: PMC6978788 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional maturation status of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) has a notable impact upon their use in pharmacological studies, disease modeling, and therapeutic applications. Non-cardiomyocytes (non-CMs) produced in the differentiation process have previously been identified as having an extrinsic influence upon hiPSC-CM development, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, we aimed to modulate electrophysiological properties of hiPSC-CMs within co-cultures containing varied proportions of non-CMs and investigate the nature of interactions between these different cell types. Therefore, we sorted cardiac differentiations on day 10 and subsequently replated the cells at ratios of 7:3, 1:1, 3:7, and 1:9 non-CMs to CMs. After a month of co-culture, we evaluated electrophysiological properties through the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight. We ultimately identified that co-cultures with approximately 70%–90% CM purity demonstrated the highest action potential (AP) amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity by day 40 of differentiation, indicative of enhanced electrophysiological maturation, as well as more ventricular-like AP morphologies. Notably, these findings were distinct from those observed for co-cultures of hiPSC-CMs and dermal fibroblasts. We determined that the co-culture phenotypes could not be attributed to paracrine effects of non-CMs due to the inability of conditioned media to recapitulate the observed effects. This led to the further observation of a distinctive expression pattern of connexin 43 (Cx43) at cell-cell interfaces between both CMs and non-CMs. Depletion of Cx43 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specifically in the non-CM population within a co-culture environment was able to recapitulate electrophysiological phenotypes of a purer hiPSC-CM population. Collectively, our data demonstrate that abundant non-CM content exerts a significant negative influence upon the electrophysiological maturation of hiPSC-CMs through Cx43-mediated cell-cell-contacts, and thus should be considered regarding the future production of purpose-built hiPSC-CM systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherri M Biendarra-Tiegs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Clemens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frank J Secreto
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Novosadova EV, Arsenyeva EL, Antonov SA, Vanyushina YN, Malova TV, Komissarov AA, Illarioshkin SN, Khaspekov LG, Andreeva LA, Myasoedov NF, Tarantul VZ, Grivennikov IA. The Use of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Testing Neuroprotective Activity of Pharmacological Compounds. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1296-1305. [PMID: 31760919 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of therapeutic preparations involves several steps, starting with the synthesis of chemical compounds and testing them in different models for selecting the most effective and safest ones to clinical trials and introduction into medical practice. Cultured animal cells (both primary and transformed) are commonly used as models for compound screening. However, cell models display a number of disadvantages, including insufficient standardization (primary cells) and disruption of cell genotypes (transformed cells). Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) offers new possibilities for the development of high-throughput test systems for screening potential therapeutic preparations with different activity spectra. Due to the capacity to differentiate into all cell types of an adult organism, IPSCs are a unique model that allows examining the activity and potential toxicity of tested compounds during the entire differentiation process in vitro. In this work, we demonstrated the efficiency of IPSCs and their neuronal derivatives for selecting substances with the neuroprotective activity using two classes of compounds - melanocortin family peptides and endocannabinoids. None of the tested compounds displayed cyto- or embryotoxicity. Both melanocortin peptides and endocannabinoids exerted neuroprotective effect in the neuronal precursors and IPSC-derived neurons subjected to hydrogen peroxide. The endocannabinoid N-docosahexaenoyl dopamine exhibited the highest neuroprotective effect (~70%) in the differentiated cultures enriched with dopaminergic neurons; the effect of melanocortin Semax was ~40%. The possibility of using other IPSC derivatives for selecting compounds with the neuroprotective activity is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E V Novosadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - E L Arsenyeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - S A Antonov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Y N Vanyushina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - T V Malova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - A A Komissarov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | | | - L G Khaspekov
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - L A Andreeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - N F Myasoedov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - V Z Tarantul
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - I A Grivennikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kussauer S, David R, Lemcke H. hiPSCs Derived Cardiac Cells for Drug and Toxicity Screening and Disease Modeling: What Micro- Electrode-Array Analyses Can Tell Us. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111331. [PMID: 31661896 PMCID: PMC6912416 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CM) have been intensively used in drug development and disease modeling. Since iPSC-cardiomyocyte (CM) was first generated, their characterization has become a major focus of research. Multi-/micro-electrode array (MEA) systems provide a non-invasive user-friendly platform for detailed electrophysiological analysis of iPSC cardiomyocytes including drug testing to identify potential targets and the assessment of proarrhythmic risk. Here, we provide a systematical overview about the physiological and technical background of micro-electrode array measurements of iPSC-CM. We introduce the similarities and differences between action- and field potential and the advantages and drawbacks of MEA technology. In addition, we present current studies focusing on proarrhythmic side effects of novel and established compounds combining MEA systems and iPSC-CM. MEA technology will help to open a new gateway for novel therapies in cardiovascular diseases while reducing animal experiments at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kussauer
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Robert David
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
High-Throughput Phenotyping Toolkit for Characterizing Cellular Models of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy In Vitro. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2040083. [PMID: 31717790 PMCID: PMC6961126 DOI: 10.3390/mps2040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a prevalent and complex cardiovascular disease characterised by multifarious hallmarks, a heterogeneous set of clinical manifestations, and several molecular mechanisms. Various disease models have been developed to study this condition, but they often show contradictory results, due to technical constraints and/or model limitations. Therefore, new tools are needed to better investigate pathological features in an unbiased and technically refined approach, towards improving understanding of disease progression. Herein, we describe three simple protocols to phenotype cellular models of HCM in vitro, in a high-throughput manner where technical artefacts are minimized. These are aimed at investigating: (1) Hypertrophy, by measuring cell volume by flow cytometry; (2) HCM molecular features, through the analysis of a hypertrophic marker, multinucleation, and sarcomeric disarray by high-content imaging; and (3) mitochondrial respiration and content via the Seahorse™ platform. Collectively, these protocols comprise straightforward tools to evaluate molecular and functional parameters of HCM phenotypes in cardiomyocytes in vitro. These facilitate greater understanding of HCM and high-throughput drug screening approaches and are accessible to all researchers of cardiac disease modelling. Whilst HCM is used as an exemplar, the approaches described are applicable to other cellular models where the investigation of identical biological changes is paramount.
Collapse
|