1
|
Pérez-Rubio P, Vendrell-Flotats M, Romero EL, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Lavado-García J. Internalization of PEI-based complexes in transient transfection of HEK293 cells is triggered by coalescence of membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans like Glypican-4. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116893. [PMID: 38850653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer-cationic mediated gene delivery is a well-stablished strategy of transient gene expression (TGE) in mammalian cell cultures. Nonetheless, its industrial implementation is hindered by the phenomenon known as cell density effect (CDE) that limits the cell density at which cultures can be efficiently transfected. The rise in personalized medicine and multiple cell and gene therapy approaches based on TGE, make more relevant to understand how to circumvent the CDE. A rational study upon DNA/PEI complex formation, stability and delivery during transfection of HEK293 cell cultures has been conducted, providing insights on the mechanisms for polyplexes uptake at low cell density and disruption at high cell density. DNA/PEI polyplexes were physiochemically characterized by coupling X-ray spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our results showed that the ionic strength of polyplexes significantly increased upon their addition to exhausted media. This was reverted by depleting extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the media. The increase in ionic strength led to polyplex aggregation and prevented efficient cell transfection which could be counterbalanced by implementing a simple media replacement (MR) step before transfection. Inhibiting and labeling specific cell-surface proteoglycans (PGs) species revealed different roles of PGs in polyplexes uptake. Importantly, the polyplexes uptake process seemed to be triggered by a coalescence phenomenon of HSPG like glypican-4 around polyplex entry points. Ultimately, this study provides new insights into PEI-based cell transfection methodologies, enabling to enhance transient transfection and mitigate the cell density effect (CDE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vendrell-Flotats
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Elianet Lorenzo Romero
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Serra Hunter Lecturer Professor.
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jesús Lavado-García
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby Kgs 2800, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El-Zahaby SA, Kaur L, Sharma A, Prasad AG, Wani AK, Singh R, Zakaria MY. Lipoplexes' Structure, Preparation, and Role in Managing Different Diseases. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:131. [PMID: 38849687 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based vectors are becoming promising alternatives to traditional therapies over the last 2 decades specially for managing life-threatening diseases like cancer. Cationic lipids are the most prevalent non-viral vectors utilized in gene delivery. The increasing number of clinical trials about lipoplex-based gene therapy demonstrates their potential as well-established technology that can provide robust gene transfection. In this regard, this review will summarize this important point. These vectors however have a modest transfection efficiency. This limitation can be partly addressed by using functional lipids that provide a plethora of options for investigating nucleic acid-lipid interactions as well as in vitro and in vivo nucleic acid delivery for biomedical applications. Despite their lower gene transfer efficiency, lipid-based vectors such as lipoplexes have several advantages over viral ones: they are less toxic and immunogenic, can be targeted, and are simple to produce on a large scale. Researchers are actively investigating the parameters that are essential for an effective lipoplex delivery method. These include factors that influence the structure, stability, internalization, and transfection of the lipoplex. Thorough understanding of the design principles will enable synthesis of customized lipoplex formulations for life-saving therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Lovepreet Kaur
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Aprameya Ganesh Prasad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rattandeep Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mohamed Y Zakaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, 42526, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, 46612, South Sinai, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jung O, Jung HY, Thuy LT, Choi M, Kim S, Jeon HG, Yang J, Kim SM, Kim TD, Lee E, Kim Y, Choi JS. Modulating Lipid Nanoparticles with Histidinamide-Conjugated Cholesterol for Improved Intracellular Delivery of mRNA. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303857. [PMID: 38344923 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, mRNA-based therapeutics, including vaccines, have gained significant attention in the field of gene therapy for treating various diseases. Among the various mRNA delivery vehicles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising vehicles for packaging and delivering mRNA with low immunogenicity. However, while mRNA delivery has several advantages, the delivery efficiency and stability of LNPs remain challenging for mRNA therapy. In this study, an ionizable helper cholesterol analog, 3β[L-histidinamide-carbamoyl] cholesterol (Hchol) lipid is developed and incorporated into LNPs instead of cholesterol to enhance the LNP potency. The pKa values of the Hchol-LNPs are ≈6.03 and 6.61 in MC3- and SM102-based lipid formulations. Notably, the Hchol-LNPs significantly improve the delivery efficiency by enhancing the endosomal escape of mRNA. Additionally, the Hchol-LNPs are more effective in a red blood cell hemolysis at pH 5.5, indicating a synergistic effect of the protonated imidazole groups of Hchol and cholesterol on endosomal membrane destabilization. Furthermore, mRNA delivery is substantially enhanced in mice treated with Hchol-LNPs. Importantly, LNP-encapsulated SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccinations induce potent antigen-specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, incorporating Hchol into LNP formulations enables efficient endosomal escape and stability, leading to an mRNA delivery vehicle with a higher delivery efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onesun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Youn Jung
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Thi Thuy
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Geun Jeon
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Yang
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Bioscience Major, KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Bioscience Major, KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pawar S, Pingale P, Garkal A, Osmani RAM, Gajbhiye K, Kulkarni M, Pardeshi K, Mehta T, Rajput A. Unlocking the potential of nanocarrier-mediated mRNA delivery across diverse biomedical frontiers: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131139. [PMID: 38615863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has gained marvelous attention for managing and preventing various conditions like cancer, Alzheimer's, infectious diseases, etc. Due to the quick development and success of the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines, mRNA has recently grown in prominence. A lot of products are in clinical trials and some are already FDA-approved. However, still improvements in line of optimizing stability and delivery, reducing immunogenicity, increasing efficiency, expanding therapeutic applications, scalability and manufacturing, and long-term safety monitoring are needed. The delivery of mRNA via a nanocarrier system gives a synergistic outcome for managing chronic and complicated conditions. The modified nanocarrier-loaded mRNA has excellent potential as a therapeutic strategy. This emerging platform covers a wide range of diseases, recently, several clinical studies are ongoing and numerous publications are coming out every year. Still, many unexplained physical, biological, and technical problems of mRNA for safer human consumption. These complications were addressed with various nanocarrier formulations. This review systematically summarizes the solved problems and applications of nanocarrier-based mRNA delivery. The modified nanocarrier mRNA meaningfully improved mRNA stability and abridged its immunogenicity issues. Furthermore, several strategies were discussed that can be an effective solution in the future for managing complicated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Pingale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GES's Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nashik 422005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavita Gajbhiye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhur Kulkarni
- SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, New Pune Mumbai Highway, Tathwade 411033, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krutika Pardeshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip University, Nashik 422213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Amarjitsing Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mallén A, Narváez-Narváez DA, Pujol MD, Navarro E, Maria Suñé-Negre J, García-Montoya E, Pérez-Lozano P, Torrejón-Escribano B, Suñé-Pou M, Hueso M. Development of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles incorporating cholesteryl-9-carboxynonanoate (9CCN) for delivery of antagomiRs to macrophages. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114238. [PMID: 38417704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles are a useful tool for nucleic acids delivery and have been regarded as a promising approach for diverse diseases. However, off-targets effects are a matter of concern and some strategies to improve selectivity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were reported. The goal of this study was to test formulations of SLNs incorporating lipid cholesteryl-9-carboxynonanoate (9CCN) as "eat-me" signal to target antagomiR oligonucleotides to macrophages. We formulate four SLNs, and those with a mean diameter of 200 nm and a Z-potential values between 25 and 40 mV, which allowed the antagomiR binding, were selected for in vitro studies. Cell viability, transfection efficiency and cellular uptake assays were performed within in vitro macrophages using flow cytometry and confocal imaging and the SLNs incorporating 25 mg of 9CCN proved to be the best formulation. Subsequently, we used a labeled antagomiR to study tissue distribution in in-vivo ApoE-/- model of atherosclerosis. Using the ApoE-/- model we demonstrated that SLNs with phagocytic signal 9-CCN target macrophages and release the antagomiR cargo in a selective way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mallén
- Experimental Nephrology Lab, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - David A Narváez-Narváez
- Service of Development of Medicines (SDM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M D Pujol
- Service of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Estanis Navarro
- Experimental Nephrology Lab, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Suñé-Negre
- Service of Development of Medicines (SDM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Encarna García-Montoya
- Service of Development of Medicines (SDM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Lozano
- Service of Development of Medicines (SDM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamín Torrejón-Escribano
- Advanced Light Microscopy Unit (Bellvitge Campus), Scientific and Technical Facility (CCiTUB), University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de LLobregat, Spain.
| | - Marc Suñé-Pou
- Service of Development of Medicines (SDM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Hueso
- Experimental Nephrology Lab, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Slezak A, Chang K, Hossainy S, Mansurov A, Rowan SJ, Hubbell JA, Guler MO. Therapeutic synthetic and natural materials for immunoengineering. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1789-1822. [PMID: 38170619 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunoengineering is a rapidly evolving field that has been driving innovations in manipulating immune system for new treatment tools and methods. The need for materials for immunoengineering applications has gained significant attention in recent years due to the growing demand for effective therapies that can target and regulate the immune system. Biologics and biomaterials are emerging as promising tools for controlling immune responses, and a wide variety of materials, including proteins, polymers, nanoparticles, and hydrogels, are being developed for this purpose. In this review article, we explore the different types of materials used in immunoengineering applications, their properties and design principles, and highlight the latest therapeutic materials advancements. Recent works in adjuvants, vaccines, immune tolerance, immunotherapy, and tissue models for immunoengineering studies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Slezak
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Kevin Chang
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Samir Hossainy
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Aslan Mansurov
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan J, Zhang H, Li G, Su J, Wei Y, Xu C. Lipid nanovehicles overcome barriers to systemic RNA delivery: Lipid components, fabrication methods, and rational design. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:579-601. [PMID: 38322344 PMCID: PMC10840434 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanovehicles are currently the most advanced vehicles used for RNA delivery, as demonstrated by the approval of patisiran for amyloidosis therapy in 2018. To illuminate the unique superiority of lipid nanovehicles in RNA delivery, in this review, we first introduce various RNA therapeutics, describe systemic delivery barriers, and explain the lipid components and methods used for lipid nanovehicle preparation. Then, we emphasize crucial advances in lipid nanovehicle design for overcoming barriers to systemic RNA delivery. Finally, the current status and challenges of lipid nanovehicle-based RNA therapeutics in clinical applications are also discussed. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive overview showing how to utilize lipid nanovehicles to overcome multiple barriers to systemic RNA delivery, inspiring the development of more high-performance RNA lipid nanovesicles in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pozzi D, Caracciolo G. Looking Back, Moving Forward: Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Frontier in Gene Delivery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1561-1573. [PMID: 37974625 PMCID: PMC10644400 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown remarkable success in delivering genetic materials like COVID-19 LNP vaccines, such as mRNA-1273/SpikeVax by Moderna and BNT162b2/Comirnaty by BioNTech/Pfizer, as well as siRNA for rare inherited diseases, such as Onpattro from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. These LNPs are advantageous since they minimize side effects, target specific cells, and regulate payload delivery. There has been a surge of interest in these particles due to their success stories; however, we still do not know much about how they work. This perspective will recapitulate the evolution of lipid-based gene delivery, starting with Felgner's pioneering 1987 PNAS paper, which introduced the initial DNA-transfection method utilizing a synthetic cationic lipid. Our journey takes us to the early 2020s, a time when advancements in bionano interactions enabled us to create biomimetic lipoplexes characterized by a remarkable ability to evade capture by immune cells in vivo. Through this overview, we propose leveraging previous achievements to assist us in formulating improved research goals when optimizing LNPs for medical conditions such as infectious diseases, cancer, and heritable disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department
of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University
of Rome, Viale Regina
Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department
of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University
of Rome, Viale Regina
Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neill B, Romero AR, Fenton OS. Advances in Nonviral mRNA Delivery Materials and Their Application as Vaccines for Melanoma Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37930174 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are promising platforms for cancer immunotherapy because of their potential to encode for a variety of tumor antigens, high tolerability, and capacity to induce strong antitumor immune responses. However, the clinical translation of mRNA cancer vaccines can be hindered by the inefficient delivery of mRNA in vivo. In this review, we provide an overview of mRNA cancer vaccines by discussing their utility in treating melanoma. Specifically, we begin our review by describing the barriers that can impede mRNA delivery to target cells. We then review native mRNA structure and discuss various modification methods shown to enhance mRNA stability and transfection. Next, we outline the advantages and challenges of three nonviral carrier platforms (lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and lipopolyplexes) frequently used for mRNA delivery. Last, we summarize preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated nonviral mRNA vaccines for the treatment of melanoma. In writing this review, we aim to highlight innovative nonviral strategies designed to address mRNA delivery challenges while emphasizing the exciting potential of mRNA vaccines as next-generation therapies for the treatment of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bevin Neill
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Adriana Retamales Romero
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kevadiya BD, Islam F, Deol P, Zaman LA, Mosselhy DA, Ashaduzzaman M, Bajwa N, Routhu NK, Singh PA, Dawre S, Vora LK, Nahid S, Mathur D, Nayan MU, Baldi A, Kothari R, Patel TA, Madan J, Gounani Z, Bariwal J, Hettie KS, Gendelman HE. Delivery of gene editing therapeutics. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 54:102711. [PMID: 37813236 PMCID: PMC10843524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past decades, gene editing demonstrated the potential to attenuate each of the root causes of genetic, infectious, immune, cancerous, and degenerative disorders. More recently, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) editing proved effective for editing genomic, cancerous, or microbial DNA to limit disease onset or spread. However, the strategies to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 cargos and elicit protective immune responses requires safe delivery to disease targeted cells and tissues. While viral vector-based systems and viral particles demonstrate high efficiency and stable transgene expression, each are limited in their packaging capacities and secondary untoward immune responses. In contrast, the nonviral vector lipid nanoparticles were successfully used for as vaccine and therapeutic deliverables. Herein, we highlight each available gene delivery systems for treating and preventing a broad range of infectious, inflammatory, genetic, and degenerative diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for disease treatment and prevention is an emerging field that can change the outcome of many chronic debilitating disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Farhana Islam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Pallavi Deol
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Institute of Modeling Collaboration and Innovation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| | - Lubaba A Zaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Dina A Mosselhy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Microbiological Unit, Fish Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Md Ashaduzzaman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
| | - Neha Bajwa
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab.
| | - Shilpa Dawre
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs, NMIMS, Babulde Banks of Tapi River, MPTP Park, Mumbai-Agra Road, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Sumaiya Nahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | | | - Mohammad Ullah Nayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Ashish Baldi
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab.
| | - Ramesh Kothari
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India.
| | - Tapan A Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-NIPER, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
| | - Zahra Gounani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-6551, USA.
| | - Kenneth S Hettie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Borges-Araújo L, Borges-Araújo AC, Ozturk TN, Ramirez-Echemendia DP, Fábián B, Carpenter TS, Thallmair S, Barnoud J, Ingólfsson HI, Hummer G, Tieleman DP, Marrink SJ, Souza PCT, Melo MN. Martini 3 Coarse-Grained Force Field for Cholesterol. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7387-7404. [PMID: 37796943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays a crucial role in biomembranes by regulating various properties, such as fluidity, rigidity, permeability, and organization of lipid bilayers. The latest version of the Martini model, Martini 3, offers significant improvements in interaction balance, molecular packing, and inclusion of new bead types and sizes. However, the release of the new model resulted in the need to reparameterize many core molecules, including cholesterol. Here, we describe the development and validation of a Martini 3 cholesterol model, addressing issues related to its bonded setup, shape, volume, and hydrophobicity. The proposed model mitigates some limitations of its Martini 2 predecessor while maintaining or improving the overall behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Borges-Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086 CNRS & University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon F-69367, France
| | - Ana C Borges-Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tugba Nur Ozturk
- Physical and Life Sciences (PLS) Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Daniel P Ramirez-Echemendia
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Balázs Fábián
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timothy S Carpenter
- Physical and Life Sciences (PLS) Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sebastian Thallmair
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonathan Barnoud
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- CiTIUS Intelligent Technologies Research Centre, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de Jenaro de la Fuente, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Helgi I Ingólfsson
- Physical and Life Sciences (PLS) Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Peter Tieleman
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo C T Souza
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086 CNRS & University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon F-69367, France
| | - Manuel N Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu H, Iscaro J, Dyett B, Zhang Y, Seibt S, Martinez N, White J, Drummond CJ, Bozinovski S, Zhai J. Inverse Cubic and Hexagonal Mesophase Evolution within Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles Correlates with mRNA Transfection in Macrophages. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37870621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology presents enormous opportunities to prevent and treat various diseases. Here, we developed a novel series of LNPs containing ionizable amino-lipids showing a remarkable array of tunable and pH-sensitive lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases including the inverse bicontinuous cubic and hexagonal phases characterized by high-throughput synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering. Furthermore, with an interest in developing mRNA therapeutics for lung macrophage targeting, we discovered that there is a strong correlation between the mesophase transition of the LNPs during acidification and the macrophage association/transfection efficiency of mRNAs. The slight molecular structural differences between the SM-102 and ALC-0315 ionizable lipids are linked to the LNP's ability to transform their internal structures from an amorphous state to the inverse micellar, hexagonal, and finally cubic structures during endosomal maturation. SM-102 LNPs showed exceptionally improved transfection efficiency due to their ability to form a cubic structure at a lower pH than the ALC-0315 analogues, which remained within the hexagonal structure, previously attributed to promoting endosomal escape of the ionizable LNPs. Overall, the new knowledge draws our attention to the important role of mesophase transition in endosomal escape, and the novel LNP libraries reported herein have broad prospects for advancing mRNA therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Joshua Iscaro
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Brendan Dyett
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Yiran Zhang
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Susanne Seibt
- SAXS/WAXS Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Natalia Martinez
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jacinta White
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue,Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Quagliarini E, Pozzi D, Cardarelli F, Caracciolo G. The influence of protein corona on Graphene Oxide: implications for biomedical theranostics. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:267. [PMID: 37568181 PMCID: PMC10416361 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their unique atomic arrangement which allows for manifold applications. However, their inherent high hydrophobicity poses challenges in biological systems, thereby limiting their usage in biomedical areas. To address this limitation, one approach involves introducing oxygen functional groups on graphene surfaces, resulting in the formation of graphene oxide (GO). This modification enables improved dispersion, enhanced stability, reduced toxicity, and tunable surface properties. In this review, we aim to explore the interactions between GO and the biological fluids in the context of theranostics, shedding light on the formation of the "protein corona" (PC) i.e., the protein-enriched layer that formed around nanosystems when exposed to blood. The presence of the PC alters the surface properties and biological identity of GO, thus influencing its behavior and performance in various applications. By investigating this phenomenon, we gain insights into the bio-nano interactions that occur and their biological implications for different intents such as nucleic acid and drug delivery, active cell targeting, and modulation of cell signalling pathways. Additionally, we discuss diagnostic applications utilizing biocoronated GO and personalized PC analysis, with a particular focus on the detection of cancer biomarkers. By exploring these cutting-edge advancements, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the rapidly evolving field of GO-based nanomedicine for theranostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Quagliarini
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qin Y, Walters AA, Rouatbi N, Wang JTW, Abdel-Bar HM, Al-Jamal KT. Evaluation of a DoE based approach for comprehensive modelling of the effect of lipid nanoparticle composition on nucleic acid delivery. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122158. [PMID: 37243988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) comprise an alternative to conventional drugs for cancer therapy. Recently, stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) have been explored to deliver TNA efficiently and safely both in vitro and in vivo. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) based drugs have been suggested for a wide range of pathologies, and their respective lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations have been optimised using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. However, it is uncertain as to whether data obtained from DoE using simple experimental outputs can be used to generate a general heuristic for delivery of diverse TNA both in vitro and in vivo. Using plasmid DNA (pDNA), for which limited DoE optimisation has been performed, and siRNA to represent the two extremities of the TNA spectrum in terms of size and biological requirements, we performed a comparative DoE for both molecules and assessed the predictive qualities of the model both in vitro and in vivo. By producing a minimum run of 24 SNALP formulations with different lipid compositions incorporating either pDNA or siRNA, DoE models were successfully established for predicting the effect of individual lipid composition on particle size, TNA encapsulation and transfection both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the particle size, and in vitro and in vivo transfection efficiency of both pDNA and siRNA SNALP formulations were affected by lipid compositions. The encapsulation efficiency of pDNA SNALPs but not siRNA SNALPs was affected by the lipid composition. Notably, the optimal lipid compositions of SNALPs for pDNA/siRNA delivery were not identical. Furthermore, in vitro transfection efficiency could not be used to predict promising LNP candidates in vivo. The DoE approach described in this study may provide a method for comprehensive optimisation of LNPs for various applications. The model and optimal formulation described in this study can serve as a foundation from which to develop other novel NA containing LNPs for multiple applications such as NA based vaccines, cancer immunotherapies and other TNA therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Adam A Walters
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Nadia Rouatbi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Julie Tzu-Wen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Hend Mohamed Abdel-Bar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32958, Egypt
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Júnior RFDA, Lira GA, Schomann T, Cavalcante RS, Vilar NF, de Paula RCM, Gomes RF, Chung CK, Jorquera-Cordero C, Vepris O, Chan AB, Cruz LJ. Retinoic acid-loaded PLGA nanocarriers targeting cell cholesterol potentialize the antitumour effect of PD-L1 antibody by preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by M2-TAM in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101647. [PMID: 36857852 PMCID: PMC9989692 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) often promote cancer progression through immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment (TME). However, the signalling pathways crosstalk responsible for this mechanism remain unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the interaction between TAMs and colorectal cancer cells could be down-regulated by nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with retinoic acid (RA) and coated with cholesterol (CHO), in combination with an anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. Tumours were evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry from allographic tumour growth model. In addition, human tumours were evaluated by Tissue Microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemistry. Complementary analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and macrophage polarisation were evaluated in vitro. We showed that the IL-10R/IL-10 axis is involved in overstimulation of the STAT3 pathway as well as downregulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway, which supports a loop of immunosuppressive cytokines that induces the M2-TAM phenotype. Furthermore, our combined findings suggest that the upregulation of STAT3/NF-κB pathways crosstalk mediated by immunosuppressive cytokines, such as IL-10/PD-L1/TGF-β, via M2-TAMs in the TME, leads to immunosuppression and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition of the colorectal cancer for stimulating Vimentin, CXCL12 and CD163 in the primary tumours. Importantly, NPs holding RA and coated with CHO in combination with anti-PD-L1 were more efficient in blocking this signalling pathway. These results contribute to our understanding of the immunological mechanisms, especially the re-educating of TAMs, and provide a novel management strategy for aggressive colorectal cancers using anti-PD-L1-conjugated nanocarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil; Post-Graduation Programme in Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil; Post-Graduation Programme in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil; Percuros B.V., Leiden, CL 2333, the Netherlands; Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA 2333, the Netherlands.
| | - George A Lira
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil; Post-Graduation Programme in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil; Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA 2333, the Netherlands; League Against Cancer from Rio Grande do Norte, Advanced Oncology Center, Natal 59075-740, Brazil
| | - Timo Schomann
- Percuros B.V., Leiden, CL 2333, the Netherlands; Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Rômulo S Cavalcante
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil; Post-Graduation Programme in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Natalia Feitosa Vilar
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | | | - Raelle Ferreira Gomes
- Post-Graduation Programme in Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Chih Kit Chung
- Percuros B.V., Leiden, CL 2333, the Netherlands; Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA 2333, the Netherlands; JeNaCell GmbH, Winzerlaer Straße 2, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Carla Jorquera-Cordero
- Percuros B.V., Leiden, CL 2333, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, CX 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Olena Vepris
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Alan B Chan
- Percuros B.V., Leiden, CL 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA 2333, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo Z, Jing Q, Xu Z, Zhang D, Zheng W, Ren F. Corosolic acid-modified lipid nanoparticles as delivery carriers for DNA vaccines against avian influenza. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122914. [PMID: 37028571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol (CHOL) is essential for developing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for gene delivery because it enhances membrane fusion and improves the delivery efficiency of gene cargos. An attractive pDNA carrier, corosolic acid (CA)-modified lipid nanoparticles (CLNPs), was developed by replacing CHOL in LNPs to deliver pDNA at various ratios of nitrogen groups to phosphate groups (N/P). The resultant CLNPs with a higher CHOL/CA ratio exhibited similar mean particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency to those of LNPs. In comparison with LNPs, CLNPs (CHOL:CA ratio = 2:1) achieved increased cellular uptake and enhanced transfection efficacy while maintaining low cytotoxicity. In vivo results from chicken experiments demonstrated that CLNPs encapsulating DNA vaccines against avian influenza at a N/P ratio of 3 could elicit similar-level humoral and cellular immune responses compared with those of LNPs at a higher N/P ratio, thereby suggesting the induction of desirable immune effects using less ionizable lipids. Our study provides a reference for further research on the application of CA in LNPs for gene delivery, and the development of novel delivery systems for DNA vaccines against avian influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Guo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qiufang Jing
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhongyu Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | | | - Wenyun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Fuzheng Ren
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Recent Advances in the Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030658. [PMID: 36992242 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently emerged as one of the most advanced technologies for the highly efficient in vivo delivery of exogenous mRNA, particularly for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. LNPs comprise four different lipids: ionizable lipids, helper or neutral lipids, cholesterol, and lipids attached to polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this review, we present recent the advances and insights for the design of LNPs, as well as their composition and properties, with a subsequent discussion on the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In particular, as ionizable lipids are the most critical drivers for complexing the mRNA and in vivo delivery, the role of ionizable lipids in mRNA vaccines is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the use of LNPs as effective delivery vehicles for vaccination, genome editing, and protein replacement therapy is explained. Finally, expert opinion on LNPs for mRNA vaccines is discussed, which may address future challenges in developing mRNA vaccines using highly efficient LNPs based on a novel set of ionizable lipids. Developing highly efficient mRNA delivery systems for vaccines with improved safety against some severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remains difficult.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sufian MA, Ilies MA. Lipid-based nucleic acid therapeutics with in vivo efficacy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1856. [PMID: 36180107 PMCID: PMC10023279 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic vectors for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery are currently competing significantly with their viral counter parts due to their reduced immunogenicity, large payload capacity, and ease of manufacture under GMP-compliant norms. The approval of Onpattro, a lipid-based siRNA therapeutic, and the proven clinical success of two lipid-based COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech, and Moderna heralded the specific advantages of lipid-based systems among all other synthetic nucleic acid carriers. Lipid-based systems with diverse payloads-plasmid DNA (pDNA), antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small activating RNA (saRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA)-are now becoming a mature technology, with growing impact in the clinic. Research over four decades identified the key factors determining the therapeutic success of these multi-component systems. Here, we discuss the main nucleic acid-based technologies, presenting their mechanism of action, delivery barriers facing them, the structural properties of the payload as well as the component lipids that regulate physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, efficacy, and toxicity of the resultant nanoparticles. We further detail on the formulation parameters, evolution of the manufacturing techniques that generate reproducible and scalable outputs, and key manufacturing aspects that enable control over physicochemical properties of the resultant particles. Preclinical applications of some of these formulations that were successfully translated from in vitro studies to animal models are subsequently discussed. Finally, clinical success and failure of these systems starting from 1993 to present are highlighted, in a holistic literature review focused on lipid-based nucleic acid delivery systems. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sufian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marc A. Ilies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Quagliarini E, Wang J, Renzi S, Cui L, Digiacomo L, Ferri G, Pesce L, De Lorenzi V, Matteoli G, Amenitsch H, Masuelli L, Bei R, Pozzi D, Amici A, Cardarelli F, Marchini C, Caracciolo G. Mechanistic Insights into the Superior DNA Delivery Efficiency of Multicomponent Lipid Nanoparticles: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56666-56677. [PMID: 36524967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently having an increasing impact on nanomedicines as delivery agents, among others, of RNA molecules (e.g., short interfering RNA for the treatment of hereditary diseases or messenger RNA for the development of COVID-19 vaccines). Despite this, the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) by LNPs in preclinical studies is still unsatisfactory, mainly due to the lack of systematic structural and functional studies on DNA-loaded LNPs. To tackle this issue, we developed, characterized, and tested a library of 16 multicomponent DNA-loaded LNPs which were prepared by microfluidics and differed in lipid composition, surface functionalization, and manufacturing factors. 8 out of 16 formulations exhibited proper size and zeta potential and passed to the validation step, that is, the simultaneous quantification of transfection efficiency and cell viability in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). The most efficient formulation (LNP15) was then successfully validated both in vitro, in an immortalized adult keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and in an epidermoid cervical cancer cell line (CaSki), and in vivo as a nanocarrier to deliver a cancer vaccine against the benchmark target tyrosine-kinase receptor HER2 in C57BL/6 mice. Finally, by a combination of confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering, we were able to show that the superior efficiency of LNP15 can be linked to its disordered nanostructure consisting of small-size unoriented layers of pDNA sandwiched between closely apposed lipid membranes that undergo massive destabilization upon interaction with cellular lipids. Our results provide new insights into the structure-activity relationship of pDNA-loaded LNPs and pave the way to the clinical translation of this gene delivery technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Quagliarini
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032Camerino, Italy
| | - Serena Renzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Lishan Cui
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ferri
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Pesce
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina De Lorenzi
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Matteoli
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127Pisa, Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang X, Wu DH, Senyo SE. mRNA therapy for myocardial infarction: A review of targets and delivery vehicles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1037051. [PMID: 36507276 PMCID: PMC9732118 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1037051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. This is partly due to the low regenerative capacity of adult hearts. mRNA therapy is a promising approach under development for cardiac diseases. In mRNA therapy, expression of the target protein is modulated by delivering synthetic mRNA. mRNA therapy benefits cardiac regeneration by increasing cardiomyocyte proliferation, reducing fibrosis, and promoting angiogenesis. Because mRNA is translated in the cytoplasm, the delivery efficiency of mRNA into the cytoplasm and nucleus significantly affects its therapeutic efficacy. To improve delivery efficiency, non-viral vehicles such as lipid nanoparticles have been developed. Non-viral vehicles can protect mRNA from enzymatic degradation and facilitate the cellular internalization of mRNA. In addition to non-viral vehicles, viral vectors have been designed to deliver mRNA templates into cardiac cells. This article reviews lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, and viral vectors that have been utilized to deliver mRNA into the heart. Because of the growing interest in lipid nanoparticles, recent advances in lipid nanoparticles designed for cardiac mRNA delivery are discussed. Besides, potential targets of mRNA therapy for myocardial infarction are discussed. Gene therapies that have been investigated in patients with cardiac diseases are analyzed. Reviewing mRNA therapy from a clinically relevant perspective can reveal needs for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Douglas H. Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Samuel E. Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Forster Iii J, Nandi D, Kulkarni A. mRNA-carrying lipid nanoparticles that induce lysosomal rupture activate NLRP3 inflammasome and reduce mRNA transfection efficiency. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5566-5582. [PMID: 35971974 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last several years, countless developments have been made to engineer more efficient and potent mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines, culminating in the rapid development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. However, despite these advancements and materials approaches, there is still a lack of understanding of the resultant immunogenicity of mRNA lipid nanoparticles. Therefore, a more mechanistic, design-driven approach needs to be taken to determine which biophysical characteristics, especially related to changes in lipid compositions, drive nanoparticle immunogenicity. Here, we synthesized a panel of six mRNA lipid nanoparticle formulations, varying the concentrations of different lipid components and systematically studied their effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation; a key intracellular protein complex that controls various inflammatory responses. Initial experiments aimed to determine differences in nanoparticle activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by IL-1β ELISA, which unveiled that nanoparticles with high concentrations of ionizable lipid DLin-MC3-DMA in tandem with high cationic lipid DPTAP and low cholesterol concentration induced the greatest activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These results were further corroborated by the measurement of ASC specks indicative of NLRP3 complex assembly, as well as cleaved gasdermin-D and caspase-1 expression indicating complex activation. We also uncovered these activation profiles to be mechanistically correlated primarily with lysosomal rupturing caused by the delayed membrane disruption capabilities of ionizable lipids until the lysosomal stage, as well as by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium influx for some of the particles. Therefore, we report that the specific, combined effects of each lipid type, most notably ionizable, cationic lipids, and cholesterol, is a crucial mRNA lipid nanoparticle characteristic that varies the endo/lysosomal rupture capabilities of the formulation and activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in a lysosomal rupture dependent manner. These results provide a more concrete understanding of mRNA lipid Nanoparticle-Associated Molecular Patterns for the activation of molecular-level immune responses and provide new lipid composition design considerations for future mRNA-delivery approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Forster Iii
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Dipika Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. .,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. .,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cui L, Renzi S, Quagliarini E, Digiacomo L, Amenitsch H, Masuelli L, Bei R, Ferri G, Cardarelli F, Wang J, Amici A, Pozzi D, Marchini C, Caracciolo G. Efficient Delivery of DNA Using Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081698. [PMID: 36015328 PMCID: PMC9416266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination has been extensively studied as a promising strategy for tumor treatment. Despite the efforts, the therapeutic efficacy of DNA vaccines has been limited by their intrinsic poor cellular internalization. Electroporation, which is based on the application of a controlled electric field to enhance DNA penetration into cells, has been the method of choice to produce acceptable levels of gene transfer in vivo. However, this method may cause cell damage or rupture, non-specific targeting, and even degradation of pDNA. Skin irritation, muscle contractions, pain, alterations in skin structure, and irreversible cell damage have been frequently reported. To overcome these limitations, in this work, we use a microfluidic platform to generate DNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) which are then characterized by a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Despite the clinical successes obtained by LNPs for mRNA and siRNA delivery, little is known about LNPs encapsulating bulkier DNA molecules, the clinical application of which remains challenging. For in vitro screening, LNPs were administered to human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines and ranked for their transfection efficiency (TE) and cytotoxicity. The LNP formulation exhibiting the highest TE and the lowest cytotoxicity was then tested for the delivery of the DNA vaccine pVAX-hECTM targeting the human neoantigen HER2, an oncoprotein overexpressed in several cancer types. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), immunofluorescence assays and fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCS), we proved that pVAX-hECTM-loaded LNPs produce massive expression of the HER2 antigen on the cell membrane of HEK-293 cells. Our results provide new insights into the structure–activity relationship of DNA-loaded LNPs and pave the way for the access of this gene delivery technology to preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Cui
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Serena Renzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Quagliarini
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ferri
- National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ramezanpour M, Tieleman DP. Computational Insights into the Role of Cholesterol in Inverted Hexagonal Phase Stabilization and Endosomal Drug Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7462-7471. [PMID: 35675506 PMCID: PMC9220946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a major component of many lipid-based drug delivery systems, including cationic lipid nanoparticles. Despite its critical role in the drug release stage, the underlying molecular mechanism by which cholesterol assists in endosomal escape remains unclear. An efficient drug release from the endosome requires endosomal disruption. This disruption is believed to involve a lamellar-to-inverted hexagonal (Lα-HII) phase transition upon fusion of the lipid nanoparticle with the endosomal membrane. We used molecular dynamics simulations to study the structural properties of HII systems composed of an anionic lipid distearoyl phosphatidylserine (DSPS), an ionizable cationic lipid (KC2H), and cholesterol for several hydration levels and molar ratios. This system corresponds to the lipid mixtures in the hypothesized HII structure formed upon fusion and is of interest for the rational design of ionizable cationic lipids, including KC2, for an optimal drug release. Simulations suggest a geometry- and symmetry-driven lipid sorting and cholesterol-DSPS co-location around the water cores. Cholesterol preferentially co-locates with negatively charged saturated DSPS lipids at interstitial angles. The observed cholesterol-DSPS co-location results in an overall increase in the DSPS acyl chains' order parameters, which we propose to assist in stabilizing the HII phase by stretching the DSPS acyl chains for filling the voids formed by three adjacent lipid tubules. Furthermore, a systematic increase in the cholesterol concentration increased the lattice plane spacing and the water core radius but decreased the undulations along the lipid tubule axis. We propose that cholesterol and the degree of saturation/polyunsaturation of the lipid acyl chains, and not the lipid charge, are the main contributors in facilitating the Lα-HII phase transition and stabilizing/destabilizing the formed HII phase, whereas the positive charge of the ionizable cationic lipid promotes the LNP-endosomal membrane adhesion and assists in initiating the fusion process at the local contact area. We also propose that the effect of cholesterol on the HII structure and curvature is the main underlying reason for the well-documented HII stabilization and destabilization at low and high molar concentrations of cholesterol, respectively.
Collapse
|
24
|
In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Transfection and Gene-Editing Mediated by Multivalent Cationic Liposome-DNA Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051087. [PMID: 35631673 PMCID: PMC9143451 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) gene-editing offers exciting new therapeutic possibilities for disease treatment with a genetic etiology such as cancer, cardiovascular, neuronal, and immune disorders. However, its clinical translation is being hampered by the lack of safe, versatile, and effective nonviral delivery systems. Herein we report on the preparation and application of two cationic liposome−DNA systems (i.e., lipoplexes) for CRISPR/Cas9 gene delivery. For that purpose, two types of cationic lipids are used (DOTAP, monovalent, and MVL5, multivalent with +5e nominal charge), along with three types of helper lipids (DOPC, DOPE, and monoolein (GMO)). We demonstrated that plasmids encoding Cas9 and single-guide RNA (sgRNA), which are typically hard to transfect due to their large size (>9 kb), can be successfully transfected into HEK 293T cells via MVL5-based lipoplexes. In contrast, DOTAP-based lipoplexes resulted in very low transfection rates. MVL5-based lipoplexes presented the ability to escape from lysosomes, which may explain the superior transfection efficiency. Regarding gene editing, MVL5-based lipoplexes achieved promising GFP knockout levels, reaching rates of knockout superior to 35% for charge ratios (+/−) of 10. Despite the knockout efficiency being comparable to that of Lipofectamine 3000® commercial reagent, the non-specific gene knockout is more pronounced in MVL5-based formulations, probably resulting from the considerable cytotoxicity of these formulations. Altogether, these results show that multivalent lipid-based lipoplexes are promising CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid delivery vehicles, which by further optimization and functionalization may become suitable in vivo delivery systems.
Collapse
|
25
|
Li P, Wang L, Sun M, Yao J, Li W, Lu W, Zhou Y, Zhang G, Hu C, Zheng W, Wei F. Binding affinity and conformation of a conjugated AS1411 aptamer at a cationic lipid bilayer interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9018-9028. [PMID: 35381056 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05753g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers have been widely used in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Owing to their special binding affinity toward cancer-related biomarkers, aptamers can be used for targeted drug delivery or bio-sensing/bio-imaging in various scenarios. The interfacial properties of aptamers play important roles in controlling the surface charge, recognition efficiency, and binding affinity of drug-delivering lipid-based carriers. In this research, the interfacial behaviors, such as surface orientation, molecular conformation, and adsorption kinetics of conjugated AS1411 molecules at different cationic lipid bilayer interfaces were investigated by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) in situ and in real-time. It is shown that the conjugated AS1411 molecules at the DMTAP bilayer interface show a higher binding affinity but with slower binding kinetics compared to the DMDAP bilayer interface. The analysis results also reveal that the thymine residues of cholesteryl conjugated AS1411 molecules show higher conformational ordering compared to the thymine residues of the alkyl chain conjugated AS1411 molecules. These understandings provide unique molecular insight into the aptamer-lipid membrane interactions, which may help researchers to improve the efficiency and safety of aptamer-related drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, & School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, & School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, & School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Jiyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, & School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Wenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, & School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China. .,Institution for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Wangting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, & School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China. .,Institution for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Youhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, & School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenglong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, & School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Wanquan Zheng
- Institution for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China.,Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Feng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, & School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China. .,Institution for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malburet C, Leclercq L, Cotte JF, Thiebaud J, Bazin E, Garinot M, Cottet H. Size and Charge Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Vaccines. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4677-4685. [PMID: 35254048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Messenger RNA vaccines have come into the spotlight as a promising and adaptive alternative to conventional vaccine approaches. The efficacy of mRNA vaccines relies on the ability of mRNA to reach the cytoplasm of cells, where it can be translated into proteins of interest, allowing it to trigger the immune response. However, unprotected mRNA is unstable and susceptible to degradation by exo- and endonucleases, and its negative charges are electrostatically repulsed by the anionic cell membranes. Therefore, mRNA needs a delivery system that protects the nucleic acid from degradation and allows it to enter into the cells. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a nonviral leading vector for mRNA delivery. Physicochemical parameters of LNPs, including their size and their charge, directly impact their in vivo behavior and, therefore, their cellular internalization. In this work, Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) was used as a new methodology for the characterization of the size and polydispersity of LNPs, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used for the determination of LNP global charge. The results obtained were compared with those obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and laser Doppler electrophoresis (LDE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Malburet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier France
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier France
| | | | - Jérôme Thiebaud
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Emilie Bazin
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Marie Garinot
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jbara-Agbaria D, Blondzik S, Burger-Kentischer A, Agbaria M, Nordling-David MM, Giterman A, Aizik G, Rupp S, Golomb G. Liposomal siRNA Formulations for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus-1: In Vitro Characterization of Physicochemical Properties and Activity, and In Vivo Biodistribution and Toxicity Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030633. [PMID: 35336008 PMCID: PMC8948811 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is highly contagious, and there is a need for a therapeutic means to eradicate it. We have identified an siRNA (siHSV) that knocks down gene expression of the infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), which is important in the regulation of HSV infection. The selected siHSV was encapsulated in liposomes to overcome its poor stability, increase cell permeability, and prolonging siRNA circulation time. Several siRNAs against ICP0 have been designed and identified. We examined the role of various parameters, including formulation technique, lipids composition, and ratio. An optimal liposomal siHSV formulation (LipDOPE-siHSV) was characterized with desirable physiochemical properties, in terms of nano-size, low polydispersity index (PDI), neutral surface charge, high siHSV loading, spherical shape, high stability in physiologic conditions in vitro, and long-term shelf-life stability (>1 year, 4 °C). The liposomes exhibited profound internalization by human keratinocytes, no cytotoxicity in cell cultures, no detrimental effect on mice liver enzymes, and a gradual endo-lysosomal escape. Mice biodistribution studies in intact mice revealed accumulation, mainly in visceral organs but also in the trigeminal ganglion. The therapeutic potential of siHSV liposomes was demonstrated by significant antiviral activity both in the plaque reduction assay and in the 3D epidermis model, and the mechanism of action was validated by the reduction of ICP0 expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Jbara-Agbaria
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Saskia Blondzik
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anke Burger-Kentischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Majd Agbaria
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Mirjam M Nordling-David
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Anna Giterman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Gil Aizik
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Steffen Rupp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gershon Golomb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The Potential of Nanomedicine to Unlock the Limitless Applications of mRNA. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020460. [PMID: 35214191 PMCID: PMC8879057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The year 2020 was a turning point in the way society perceives science. Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology finally showed and shared its potential, starting a new era in medicine. However, there is no doubt that commercialization of these vaccines would not have been possible without nanotechnology, which has finally answered the long-term question of how to deliver mRNA in vivo. The aim of this review is to showcase the importance of this scientific milestone for the development of additional mRNA therapeutics. Firstly, we provide a full description of the marketed vaccine formulations and disclose LNPs’ pharmaceutical properties, including composition, structure, and manufacturing considerations Additionally, we review different types of lipid-based delivery technologies currently in preclinical and clinical development, namely lipoplexes and cationic nanoemulsions. Finally, we highlight the most promising clinical applications of mRNA in different fields such as vaccinology, immuno-oncology, gene therapy for rare genetic diseases and gene editing using CRISPR Cas9.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim J, Kim JY, Kim H, Kim E, Park S, Ryu KH, Lee EG. Increasing Transfection Efficiency of Lipoplexes by Modulating Complexation Solution for Transient Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212344. [PMID: 34830226 PMCID: PMC8619889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient gene expression is a suitable tool for the production of biopharmaceutical candidates in the early stage of development and provides a simple and rapid alternative to the generation of stable cell line. In this study, an efficient transient gene expression methodology using DC-Chol/DOPE cationic liposomes and pDNA in Chinese hamster ovary suspension cells was established through screening of diverse lipoplex formation conditions. We modulated properties of both the liposome formation and pDNA solution, together called complexation solutions. Protein expression and cellular cytotoxicity were evaluated following transfection over the cell cultivation period to select the optimal complexation solution. Changes in hydrodynamic size, polydispersity index, and ζ potential of the liposomes and lipoplexes were analyzed depending on the various pH ranges of the complexation solutions using dynamic light scattering. The transfer of lipoplexes to the cytosol and their conformation were traced using fluorescence analysis until the early period of transfection. As a result, up to 1785 mg/L and 191 mg/L of human Fc protein and immunoglobulin G (bevacizumab), respectively, were successfully produced using acidic liposome formation and alkaline pDNA solutions. We expect that this lipoplex formation in acidic and alkaline complexation solutions could be an effective methodology for a promising gene delivery strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaemun Kim
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.K.); (J.Y.K.)
- Bioprocess Engineering Center, KRIBB, 30 Yeongudanji-ro Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.K.); (E.K.); (S.P.); (K.-H.R.)
| | - Ji Yul Kim
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.K.); (J.Y.K.)
- Bioprocess Engineering Center, KRIBB, 30 Yeongudanji-ro Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.K.); (E.K.); (S.P.); (K.-H.R.)
| | - Hyeonkyeong Kim
- Bioprocess Engineering Center, KRIBB, 30 Yeongudanji-ro Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.K.); (E.K.); (S.P.); (K.-H.R.)
| | - Eunsil Kim
- Bioprocess Engineering Center, KRIBB, 30 Yeongudanji-ro Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.K.); (E.K.); (S.P.); (K.-H.R.)
| | - Soonyong Park
- Bioprocess Engineering Center, KRIBB, 30 Yeongudanji-ro Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.K.); (E.K.); (S.P.); (K.-H.R.)
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Ryu
- Bioprocess Engineering Center, KRIBB, 30 Yeongudanji-ro Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.K.); (E.K.); (S.P.); (K.-H.R.)
| | - Eun Gyo Lee
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.K.); (J.Y.K.)
- Bioprocess Engineering Center, KRIBB, 30 Yeongudanji-ro Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.K.); (E.K.); (S.P.); (K.-H.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-240-6633
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maiti B, Bhattacharya S. Liposomal nanoparticles based on steroids and isoprenoids for nonviral gene delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1759. [PMID: 34729941 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural lipid molecules are an essential part of life as they constitute the membrane of cells and organelle. In most of these cases, the hydrophobicity of natural lipids is contributed by alkyl chains. Although natural lipids with a nonfatty acid hydrophobic backbone are quite rare, steroids and isoprenoids have been strong candidates as part of a lipid. Over the years, these natural molecules (steroid and isoprenoids) have been used to make either lipid-based nanoparticle or functionalize in such a way that it could form nano assembly alone for therapeutic delivery. Here we mainly focus on the synthetic functionalized version of these natural molecules which forms cationic liposomal nanoparticles (LipoNPs). These cationic LipoNPs were further used to deliver various negatively charged genetic materials in the form of pDNA, siRNA, mRNA (nucleic acids), and so on. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bappa Maiti
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.,School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in treating a broad spectrum of diseases through various mechanisms including knockdown of pathological genes, expression of therapeutic proteins, and programmed gene editing. Due to the inherent instability and negative-charges of RNA molecules, RNA-based therapeutics can make the most use of delivery systems to overcome biological barriers and to release the RNA payload into the cytosol. Among different types of delivery systems, lipid-based RNA delivery systems, particularly lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), have been extensively studied due to their unique properties, such as simple chemical synthesis of lipid components, scalable manufacturing processes of LNPs, and wide packaging capability. LNPs represent the most widely used delivery systems for RNA-based therapeutics, as evidenced by the clinical approvals of three LNP-RNA formulations, patisiran, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273. This review covers recent advances of lipids, lipid derivatives, and lipid-derived macromolecules used in RNA delivery over the past several decades. We focus mainly on their chemical structures, synthetic routes, characterization, formulation methods, and structure-activity relationships. We also briefly describe the current status of representative preclinical studies and clinical trials and highlight future opportunities and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuebao Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Changzhen Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chang Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Katarina E Jankovic
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pilkington EH, Suys EJA, Trevaskis NL, Wheatley AK, Zukancic D, Algarni A, Al-Wassiti H, Davis TP, Pouton CW, Kent SJ, Truong NP. From influenza to COVID-19: Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines at the frontiers of infectious diseases. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:16-40. [PMID: 34153512 PMCID: PMC8272596 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination represents the best line of defense against infectious diseases and is crucial in curtailing pandemic spread of emerging pathogens to which a population has limited immunity. In recent years, mRNA vaccines have been proposed as the new frontier in vaccination, owing to their facile and rapid development while providing a safer alternative to traditional vaccine technologies such as live or attenuated viruses. Recent breakthroughs in mRNA vaccination have been through formulation with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which provide both protection and enhanced delivery of mRNA vaccines in vivo. In this review, current paradigms and state-of-the-art in mRNA-LNP vaccine development are explored through first highlighting advantages posed by mRNA vaccines, establishing LNPs as a biocompatible delivery system, and finally exploring the use of mRNA-LNP vaccines in vivo against infectious disease towards translation to the clinic. Furthermore, we highlight the progress of mRNA-LNP vaccine candidates against COVID-19 currently in clinical trials, with the current status and approval timelines, before discussing their future outlook and challenges that need to be overcome towards establishing mRNA-LNPs as next-generation vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: With the recent success of mRNA vaccines developed by Moderna and BioNTech/Pfizer against COVID-19, mRNA technology and lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have never received more attention. This manuscript timely reviews the most advanced mRNA-LNP vaccines that have just been approved for emergency use and are in clinical trials, with a focus on the remarkable development of several COVID-19 vaccines, faster than any other vaccine in history. We aim to give a comprehensive introduction of mRNA and LNP technology to the field of biomaterials science and increase accessibility to readers with a new interest in mRNA-LNP vaccines. We also highlight current limitations and future outlook of the mRNA vaccine technology that need further efforts of biomaterials scientists to address.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Pilkington
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Estelle J A Suys
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Danijela Zukancic
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Azizah Algarni
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hareth Al-Wassiti
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sinegra AJ, Evangelopoulos M, Park J, Huang Z, Mirkin CA. Lipid Nanoparticle Spherical Nucleic Acids for Intracellular DNA and RNA Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6584-6591. [PMID: 34286581 PMCID: PMC8385759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle SNAs (LNP-SNAs) have been synthesized for the delivery of DNA and RNA to targets in the cytoplasm of cells. Both the composition of the LNP core and surface-presented DNA sequences contribute to LNP-SNA activity. G-rich sequences enhance the activity of LNP-SNAs compared to T-rich sequences. In the LNP core, increased cholesterol content leads to greater activity. Optimized LNP-SNA candidates reduce the siRNA concentration required to silence mRNA by 2 orders of magnitude compared to liposome-based SNAs. In addition, the LNP-SNA architectures alter biodistribution and efficacy profiles in mice. For example, mRNA within LNP-SNAs injected intravenously is primarily expressed in the spleen, while mRNA encapsulated by LNPs (no DNA on the surface) was expressed primarily in the liver with a relatively small amount in the spleen. These data show that the activity and biodistribution of LNP-SNA architectures are different from those of conventional liposomal SNAs and therefore potentially can be used to target tissues.
Collapse
|
34
|
Graceffa V. Physical and mechanical cues affecting biomaterial-mediated plasmid DNA delivery: insights into non-viral delivery systems. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:90. [PMID: 34142237 PMCID: PMC8211807 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst traditional strategies to increase transfection efficiency of non-viral systems aimed at modifying the vector or the polyplexes/lipoplexes, biomaterial-mediated gene delivery has recently sparked increased interest. This review aims at discussing biomaterial properties and unravelling underlying mechanisms of action, for biomaterial-mediated gene delivery. DNA internalisation and cytoplasmic transport are initially discussed. DNA immobilisation, encapsulation and surface-mediated gene delivery (SMD), the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and topographical cues, biomaterial stiffness and mechanical stimulation are finally outlined. MAIN TEXT Endocytic pathways and mechanisms to escape the lysosomal network are highly variable. They depend on cell and DNA complex types but can be diverted using appropriate biomaterials. 3D scaffolds are generally fabricated via DNA immobilisation or encapsulation. Degradation rate and interaction with the vector affect temporal patterns of DNA release and transgene expression. In SMD, DNA is instead coated on 2D surfaces. SMD allows the incorporation of topographical cues, which, by inducing cytoskeletal re-arrangements, modulate DNA endocytosis. Incorporation of ECM mimetics allows cell type-specific transfection, whereas in spite of discordances in terms of optimal loading regimens, it is recognised that mechanical loading facilitates gene transfection. Finally, stiffer 2D substrates enhance DNA internalisation, whereas in 3D scaffolds, the role of stiffness is still dubious. CONCLUSION Although it is recognised that biomaterials allow the creation of tailored non-viral gene delivery systems, there still are many outstanding questions. A better characterisation of endocytic pathways would allow the diversion of cell adhesion processes and cytoskeletal dynamics, in order to increase cellular transfection. Further research on optimal biomaterial mechanical properties, cell ligand density and loading regimens is limited by the fact that such parameters influence a plethora of other different processes (e.g. cellular adhesion, spreading, migration, infiltration, and proliferation, DNA diffusion and release) which may in turn modulate gene delivery. Only a better understanding of these processes may allow the creation of novel robust engineered systems, potentially opening up a whole new area of biomaterial-guided gene delivery for non-viral systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ferri G, Fiume G, Pozzi D, Caracciolo G, Cardarelli F. Probing the role of nuclear-envelope invaginations in the nuclear-entry route of lipofected DNA by multi-channel 3D confocal microscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111881. [PMID: 34062346 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear breakdown was found to be the dominant route for DNA entry into the nucleus in actively dividing cells. The possibility that alternative routes contribute to DNA entry into the nucleus, however, cannot be ruled out. Here we address the process of lipofection by monitoring the localization of fluorescently-labelled DNA plasmids at the single-cell level by confocal imaging in living interphase cells. As test formulation we choose the cationic 3β-[N-(N,N-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol) and the zwitterionic helper lipid dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) with plasmidic DNA pre-condensed by means of protamine. By exploiting the spectral shift of the fluorescent dye FM4-64 (N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(p-diethylaminophenylhexatrienyl)-pyridinium 2Br) we monitor the position of the nuclear envelope (NE), while concomitantly imaging the whole nucleus (by Hoechst) and the DNA (by Cy3 fluorophore) in a multi-channel 3D confocal imaging experiment. Reported results show that DNA clusters are typically associated with the NE membrane in the form of tubular invaginations spanning the nuclear environment, but not completely trapped within the NE invaginations, i.e. the DNA may use these NE regions as entry-points towards the nucleus. These observations pave the way to investigating the molecular details of the postulated processes for a better exploitation of gene-delivery vectors, particularly for applications in non-dividing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Ares Genetics GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro, 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Torres-Vanegas JD, Cruz JC, Reyes LH. Delivery Systems for Nucleic Acids and Proteins: Barriers, Cell Capture Pathways and Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:428. [PMID: 33809969 PMCID: PMC8004853 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has been used as a potential approach to address the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases and inherited disorders. In this line, non-viral systems have been exploited as promising alternatives for delivering therapeutic transgenes and proteins. In this review, we explored how biological barriers are effectively overcome by non-viral systems, usually nanoparticles, to reach an efficient delivery of cargoes. Furthermore, this review contributes to the understanding of several mechanisms of cellular internalization taken by nanoparticles. Because a critical factor for nanoparticles to do this relies on the ability to escape endosomes, researchers have dedicated much effort to address this issue using different nanocarriers. Here, we present an overview of the diversity of nanovehicles explored to reach an efficient and effective delivery of both nucleic acids and proteins. Finally, we introduced recent advances in the development of successful strategies to deliver cargoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Torres-Vanegas
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Aldosari BN, Alfagih IM, Almurshedi AS. Lipid Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for RNA-Based Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:206. [PMID: 33540942 PMCID: PMC7913163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increased interest in the development of RNA-based vaccines for protection against various infectious diseases and also for cancer immunotherapies. Rapid and cost-effective manufacturing methods in addition to potent immune responses observed in preclinical and clinical studies have made mRNA-based vaccines promising alternatives to conventional vaccine technologies. However, efficient delivery of these vaccines requires that the mRNA be protected against extracellular degradation. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been extensively studied as non-viral vectors for the delivery of mRNA to target cells because of their relatively easy and scalable manufacturing processes. This review highlights key advances in the development of LNPs and reviews the application of mRNA-based vaccines formulated in LNPs for use against infectious diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman M. Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (B.N.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Physicochemical Factors That Influence the Biocompatibility of Cationic Liposomes and Their Ability to Deliver DNA to the Nuclei of Ovarian Cancer SK-OV-3 Cells. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020416. [PMID: 33466992 PMCID: PMC7830351 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes composed of 3-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-chol) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) have previously been shown to have applications in gene delivery. Our study aims to explore the effects of inclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and using different molar ratios of DC-chol/DOPE on size, zeta potential, cytotoxicity and DNA delivery of DC-chol/DOPE liposomes. Our results show that PEGylation reduces the cytotoxicity of DC-chol/DOPE liposomes, and, furthermore, PEGylated liposome-DNA lipoplexes are smaller in size and more uniform in size distribution than those that are not PEGylated. Additionally, toxicity against ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells decreases with the amount of cationic DC-chol present in the formulation; however, decreased delivery of DNA to cellular nuclei is also observed. Transfection with the PEGylated liposomes was successfully demonstrated using plasmid DNA with a known functional outcome. These results offer further insight into physicochemical properties important for cationic liposomes as vehicles for DNA delivery and demonstrate the potential of PEGylated DC-chol/DOPE liposomes as systemic delivery carriers for DNA-mediated ovarian cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ponti F, Campolungo M, Melchiori C, Bono N, Candiani G. Cationic lipids for gene delivery: many players, one goal. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105032. [PMID: 33359210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based carriers represent the most widely used alternative to viral vectors for gene expression and gene silencing purposes. This class of non-viral vectors is particularly attractive for their ease of synthesis and chemical modifications to endow them with desirable properties. Despite combinatorial approaches have led to the generation of a large number of cationic lipids displaying different supramolecular structures and improved behavior, additional effort is needed towards the development of more and more effective cationic lipids for transfection purposes. With this review, we seek to highlight the great progress made in the design of each and every constituent domain of cationic lipids, that is, the chemical structure of the headgroup, linker and hydrophobic moieties, and on the specific effect on the assembly with nucleic acids. Since the complexity of such systems is known to affect their performances, the role of formulation, stability and phase behavior on the transfection efficiency of such assemblies will be thoroughly discussed. Our objective is to provide a conceptual framework for the development of ever more performing lipid gene delivery vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ponti
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy; Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Dept. Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Quebec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Matilde Campolungo
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Melchiori
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Nina Bono
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- GenT LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang X, Qiu Y, Wang M, Zhang C, Zhang T, Zhou H, Zhao W, Zhao W, Xia G, Shao R. Endocytosis and Organelle Targeting of Nanomedicines in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9447-9467. [PMID: 33268987 PMCID: PMC7701161 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s274289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines (NMs) have played an increasing role in cancer therapy as carriers to efficiently deliver therapeutics into tumor cells. For this application, the uptake of NMs by tumor cells is usually a prerequisite to deliver the cargo to intracellular locations, which mainly relies on endocytosis. NMs can enter cells through a variety of endocytosis pathways. Different endocytosis pathways exhibit different intracellular trafficking routes and diverse subcellular localizations. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of endocytosis mechanisms is necessary for increasing cellular entry efficiency and to trace the fate of NMs after internalization. This review focuses on endocytosis pathways of NMs in tumor cells, mainly including clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathways, involving effector molecules, expression difference of those molecules between normal and tumor cells, as well as the intracellular trafficking route of corresponding endocytosis vesicles. Then, the latest strategies for NMs to actively employ endocytosis are described, including improving tumor cellular uptake of NMs by receptor-mediated endocytosis, transporter-mediated endocytosis and enabling drug activity by changing intracellular routes. Finally, active targeting strategies towards intracellular organelles are also mentioned. This review will be helpful not only in explicating endocytosis and the trafficking process of NMs and elucidating anti-tumor mechanisms inside the cell but also in rendering new ideas for the design of highly efficacious and cancer-targeted NMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Qiu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Conghui Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
D'haese S, Lacroix C, Garcia F, Plana M, Ruta S, Vanham G, Verrier B, Aerts JL. Off the beaten path: Novel mRNA-nanoformulations for therapeutic vaccination against HIV. J Control Release 2020; 330:1016-1033. [PMID: 33181204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, immunotherapy for HIV in general and therapeutic vaccination in particular, has received a tremendous boost, both in preclinical research and in clinical applications. This interest is based on the evidence that the immune system plays a crucial role in controlling HIV infection, as shown for long-term non-progressors and elite controllers, and that immune responses can be manipulated towards targeting conserved epitopes. So far, the most successful approach has been vaccination with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded ex vivo with antigens and activation signals. Although this approach offers much promise, it also comes with significant drawbacks such as the requirement of a specialized infrastructure and expertise, as well as major challenges for logistics and storage, making it extremely time consuming and costly. Therefore, methods are being developed to avoid the use of ex vivo generated, autologous DCs. One of these methods is based on mRNA for therapeutic vaccination. mRNA has proven to be a very promising vaccine platform, as the coding information for any desired protein, including antigens and activation signals, can be generated in a very short period of time, showing promise both as an off-the-shelf therapy and as a personalized approach. However, an important drawback of this approach is the short half-life of native mRNA, due to the presence of ambient RNases. In addition, proper immunization requires that the antigens are expressed, processed and presented at the right immunological site (e.g. the lymphoid tissues). An ambivalent aspect of mRNA as a vaccine is its capacity to induce type I interferons, which can have beneficial adjuvant effects, but also deleterious effects on mRNA stability and translation. Thus, proper formulation of the mRNA is crucially important. Many approaches for RNA formulation have already been tested, with mixed success. In this review we discuss the state-of-the-art and future trends for mRNA-nanoparticle formulations for HIV vaccination, both in the prophylactic and in the therapeutic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid D'haese
- Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Lacroix
- Institute for the Biology and Chemistry of Proteins (IBCP), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Simona Ruta
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Guido Vanham
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Institute for the Biology and Chemistry of Proteins (IBCP), Lyon, France
| | - Joeri L Aerts
- Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Guevara ML, Persano F, Persano S. Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Chem 2020; 8:589959. [PMID: 33195094 PMCID: PMC7645050 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.589959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as potent and flexible platform for the development of novel effective cancer immunotherapies. Advances in non-viral gene delivery technologies, especially the tremendous progress in lipid nanoparticles' manufacturing, have made possible the implementation of mRNA-based antitumor treatments. Several mRNA-based immunotherapies have demonstrated antitumor effect in preclinical and clinical studies, and marked successes have been achieved most notably by its implementation in therapeutic vaccines, cytokines therapies, checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA-based immunotherapies and their applications in cancer treatment. Finally, we also highlight the variety of immunotherapeutic approaches through mRNA delivery and discuss the main factors affecting transfection efficiency and tropism of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Guevara
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Persano
- Department Matematica e Fisica 'Ennio De Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Persano
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rueda-Gensini L, Cifuentes J, Castellanos MC, Puentes PR, Serna JA, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1816. [PMID: 32932957 PMCID: PMC7559083 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, surface-coating versatility, and superparamagnetic properties. Upon exposure to an external magnetic field, IONs can be precisely directed to a region of interest and serve as exceptional delivery vehicles and cellular markers. However, the design of nanocarriers that achieve an efficient endocytic uptake, escape lysosomal degradation, and perform precise intracellular functions is still a challenge for their application in translational medicine. This review highlights several aspects that mediate the activation of the endosomal pathways, as well as the different properties that govern endosomal escape and nuclear transfection of magnetic IONs. In particular, we review a variety of ION surface modification alternatives that have emerged for facilitating their endocytic uptake and their timely escape from endosomes, with special emphasis on how these can be manipulated for the rational design of cell-penetrating vehicles. Moreover, additional modifications for enhancing nuclear transfection are also included in the design of therapeutic vehicles that must overcome this barrier. Understanding these mechanisms opens new perspectives in the strategic development of vehicles for cell tracking, cell imaging and the targeted intracellular delivery of drugs and gene therapy sequences and vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Maria Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu C, Zhang L, Zhu W, Guo R, Sun H, Chen X, Deng N. Barriers and Strategies of Cationic Liposomes for Cancer Gene Therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 18:751-764. [PMID: 32913882 PMCID: PMC7452052 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes (CLs) have been regarded as the most promising gene delivery vectors for decades with the advantages of excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high nucleic acid encapsulation efficiency. However, the clinical use of CLs in cancer gene therapy is limited because of many uncertain factors in vivo. Extracellular barriers such as opsonization, rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system and poor tumor penetration, and intracellular barriers, including endosomal/lysosomal entrapped network and restricted diffusion to the nucleus, make CLs not the ideal vector for transferring extrinsic genes in the body. However, the obstacles in achieving productive therapeutic effects of nucleic acids can be addressed by tailoring the properties of CLs, which are influenced by lipid compositions and surface modification. This review focuses on the physiological barriers of CLs against cancer gene therapy and the effects of lipid compositions on governing transfection efficiency, and it briefly discusses the impacts of particle size, membrane charge density, and surface modification on the fate of CLs in vivo, which may provide guidance for their preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ligang Zhang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Raoqing Guo
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huamin Sun
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ning Deng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has immense potential for developing a wide range of therapies, including immunotherapy and protein replacement. As mRNA presents no risk of integration into the host genome and does not require nuclear entry for transfection, which allows protein production even in nondividing cells, mRNA-based approaches can be envisioned as safe and practical therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, mRNA presents unfavorable characteristics, such as large size, immunogenicity, limited cellular uptake, and sensitivity to enzymatic degradation, which hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. While mRNA stability and immunogenicity have been ameliorated by direct modifications on the mRNA structure, further improvements in mRNA delivery are still needed for promoting its activity in biological settings. In this regard, nanomedicine has shown the ability for spatiotemporally controlling the function of a myriad of bioactive agents in vivo. Direct engineering of nanomedicine structures for loading, protecting, and releasing mRNA and navigating in biological environments can then be applied for promoting mRNA translation toward the development of effective treatments. Here, we review recent approaches aimed at enhancing mRNA function and its delivery through nanomedicines, with particular emphasis on their applications and eventual clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Federico Perche
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS Rue Charles Sadron Orléans, Orléans 45071 Cedex 02, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS Rue Charles Sadron Orléans, Orléans 45071 Cedex 02, France.,Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Orléans, Orléans 45071 Cedex 02, France
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Habib S, Daniels A, Ariatti M, Singh M. Anti- c-myc cholesterol based lipoplexes as onco-nanotherapeutic agents in vitro. F1000Res 2020; 9:770. [PMID: 33391729 PMCID: PMC7745184 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25142.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Strategies aimed at inhibiting the expression of the c-myc oncogene could provide the basis for alternative cancer treatment. In this regard, silencing c-myc expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an attractive option. However, the development of a clinically viable, siRNA-based, c-myc silencing system is largely dependent upon the design of an appropriate siRNA carrier that can be easily prepared. Nanostructures formed by the electrostatic association of siRNA and cationic lipid vesicles represent uncomplicated siRNA delivery systems. Methods: This study has focused on cationic liposomes prepared with equimolar quantities of the cytofectin, N,N-dimethylaminopropylamido-succinylcholesteryl-formylhydrazide (MS09), and cholesterol (Chol) for the development of a simple, but effective anti- c-myc onco-nanotherapeutic agent. Liposomes formulated with dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) in place of Chol as the co-lipid were included for comparative purposes. Results: Liposomes successfully bound siRNA forming lipoplexes of less than 150 nm in size, which assumed bilamellar aggregrates. The liposome formulations were well tolerated in the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and colon carcinoma (HT-29) cells, which overexpress c-myc. Lipoplexes directed against the c-myc transcript mediated a dramatic reduction in c-myc mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, oncogene knockdown and anti-cancer effects were superior to that of Lipofectamine™ 3000. Conclusion: This anti- c-myc MS09:Chol lipoplex exemplifies a simple anticancer agent with enhanced c-myc gene silencing potential in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saffiya Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
| | - Aliscia Daniels
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mario Ariatti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Patel S, Ashwanikumar N, Robinson E, Xia Y, Mihai C, Griffith JP, Hou S, Esposito AA, Ketova T, Welsher K, Joyal JL, Almarsson Ö, Sahay G. Naturally-occurring cholesterol analogues in lipid nanoparticles induce polymorphic shape and enhance intracellular delivery of mRNA. Nat Commun 2020; 11:983. [PMID: 32080183 PMCID: PMC7033178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sequestration of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) remains a formidable barrier to delivery. Herein, structure-activity analysis of cholesterol analogues reveals that incorporation of C-24 alkyl phytosterols into LNPs (eLNPs) enhances gene transfection and the length of alkyl tail, flexibility of sterol ring and polarity due to -OH group is required to maintain high transfection. Cryo-TEM displays a polyhedral shape for eLNPs compared to spherical LNPs, while x-ray scattering shows little disparity in internal structure. eLNPs exhibit higher cellular uptake and retention, potentially leading to a steady release from the endosomes over time. 3D single-particle tracking shows enhanced intracellular diffusivity of eLNPs relative to LNPs, suggesting eLNP traffic to productive pathways for escape. Our findings show the importance of cholesterol in subcellular transport of LNPs carrying mRNA and emphasize the need for greater insights into surface composition and structural properties of nanoparticles, and their subcellular interactions which enable designs to improve endosomal escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Sciences Building, 2730 Southwest Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - N Ashwanikumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Sciences Building, 2730 Southwest Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ema Robinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Sciences Building, 2730 Southwest Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Moderna Therapeutics, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cosmin Mihai
- Moderna Therapeutics, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph P Griffith
- French Family Science Center, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shangguo Hou
- French Family Science Center, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Adam A Esposito
- Moderna Therapeutics, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tatiana Ketova
- Moderna Therapeutics, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kevin Welsher
- French Family Science Center, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - John L Joyal
- Moderna Therapeutics, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Örn Almarsson
- Moderna Therapeutics, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Sciences Building, 2730 Southwest Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 Southwest Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mukherjee D, Singh P, Rakshit T, Puthiya-Purayil TP, Vemula PK, Sengupta J, Das R, Pal SK. Deciphering the response of asymmetry in the hydrophobic chains of novel cationic lipids towards biological function. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1738-1746. [PMID: 31898698 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05405g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes, a type of non-viral vectors, often play the important biological function of delivering nucleic acids during cell transfection. Variations in the molecular architecture of di-alkyl dihydroxy ethyl ammonium chloride-based cationic lipids involving hydrophobic tails have been found to influence their biological function in terms of cell transfection efficiency. For example, liposomes based on a cationic lipid (Lip1814) with asymmetry in the hydrophobic chains were found to display higher transfection efficacy in cultured mammalian cell lines than those comprising of symmetric Lip1818 or asymmetric Lip1810. The effect of variations in the molecular architecture of the cationic lipids on the biological activity of liposomes has been explored here via the photophysical studies of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulphonate (ANS) and Nile Red (NR) in three cationic liposomes, namely Lip1810, Lip1814 and Lip1818. Time-resolved fluorescence of ANS revealed reduced hydration at the lipid-water interface and enhanced relaxation dynamics of surface water (lipid headgroup bound water molecules) in Lip1810- and Lip1814-based liposomes in the presence of cholesterol. As the probe ANS failed to be incorporated into the lipid-water interface of Lip1818 due to the significantly high rigidity of these liposomes, no information concerning the extent of hydration of the lipid-water interface or the interfacial water dynamics could be obtained. Time-resolved polarization-gated anisotropy measurements of NR in the presence of cholesterol revealed the rigidity of the cationic liposomes to be increasing in the order of Lip1810 < Lip1814 < Lip1818. In the presence of cholesterol, moderately higher rigidity, reduced membrane hydration and enhanced relaxation dynamics of the interfacial water molecules gave rise to the superior cell transfection efficacy of Lip1814-based cationic liposomes than those of the highly flexible Lip1810 or the highly rigid Lip1818.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Tatini Rakshit
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Theja P Puthiya-Purayil
- Laboratory of Self-Assembled Biomaterials and Translational Research, National Center for Biological Science, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Kodigehalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560097, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Laboratory of Self-Assembled Biomaterials and Translational Research, National Center for Biological Science, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Kodigehalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560097, India
| | - Jhimli Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | - Ranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Efficient intracellular delivery of small-interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) to the target organ or tissues in the body is assumed as the main hurdle for a widespread use of siRNAs in the clinics. Solid lipid-based nanoparticles (SLNs) and derivatives can potentially fit this purpose by enabling to overcome the extracellular and intracellular physiological barriers affecting the delivery. For that, rational formulations and rational process designs are needed. This chapter addresses a comprehensive description and critical appraisal of the main production methods of this particular type of lipid nanoparticles and the leading strategies to prompt a targeted delivery of siRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Jorge
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alberto Pais
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kumari M, Liu CH, Wu WC. Oligochitosan modified albumin as plasmid DNA delivery vector: Endocytic trafficking, polyplex fate, in vivo compatibility. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:492-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|