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Augello G, Cusimano A, Cervello M, Cusimano A. Extracellular Vesicle-Related Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1415. [PMID: 38611093 PMCID: PMC11011022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. It is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is often diagnosed at advanced stages, when no effective treatment options are available. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized double-layer lipid vesicles containing various biomolecule cargoes, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs are released from nearly all types of cells and have been shown to play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. In recent years, many studies have investigated the role of EVs in cancer, including HCC. Emerging studies have shown that EVs play primary roles in the development and progression of cancer, modulating tumor growth and metastasis formation. Moreover, it has been observed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) carried by tumor cell-derived EVs promote tumorigenesis, regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and playing critical roles in the progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance of HCC. EV-related ncRNAs can provide information regarding disease status, thus encompassing a role as biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the main roles of ncRNAs present in HCC-derived EVs, including micro(mi) RNAs, long non-coding (lnc) RNAs, and circular (circ) RNAs, and their potential clinical value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandra Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.)
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Lucchetti D, Colella F, Artemi G, Haque S, Sgambato A, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S. Smart nano-sized extracellular vesicles for cancer therapy: Potential theranostic applications in gastrointestinal tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104121. [PMID: 37690633 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained tremendous interest in the search for next-generation therapeutics for the treatment of a range of pathologies, including cancer, especially due to their small size, biomolecular cargo, ability to mediate intercellular communication, high physicochemical stability, low immunogenicity and biocompatibility. The theranostic potential of EVs have been enhanced by adopting several strategies such as genetic or metabolic engineering, parental cell modification or direct functionalization to incorporate therapeutic compounds into these nanoplatforms. The smart nano-sized EVs indeed offer huge opportunities in the field of cancer, and current research is set at overcoming the existing pitfalls. Smart EVs are already being applied in the clinics despite the challenges faced. We provide, herein, an update on the technologies employed for EV functionalization in order to achieve optimal tumor cell targeting and EV tracking in vivo with bio-imaging modalities, as well as the preclinical and clinical studies making use of these modified EVs, in the context of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Lucchetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Colella
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Artemi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 13306, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Gastroenterology Unit, Città della salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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3
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Qu Y, Yao Z, Xu N, Shi G, Su J, Ye S, Chang K, Li K, Wang Y, Tan S, Pei X, Chen Y, Qin Z, Feng J, Lv J, Zhu J, Ma F, Tang S, Xu W, Tian X, Anwaier A, Tian S, Xu W, Wu X, Zhu S, Zhu Y, Cao D, Sun M, Gan H, Zhao J, Zhang H, Ye D, Ding C. Plasma proteomic profiling discovers molecular features associated with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101166. [PMID: 37633276 PMCID: PMC10518597 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is often diagnosed late and exhibits poor prognosis. Limited data are available on potential non-invasive biomarkers for disease monitoring. Here, we investigate the proteomic profile of plasma in 362 UTUC patients and 239 healthy controls. We present an integrated tissue-plasma proteomic approach to infer the signature proteins for identifying patients with muscle-invasive UTUC. We discover a protein panel that reflects lymph node metastasis, which is of interest in identifying UTUC patients with high risk and poor prognosis. We also identify a ten-protein classifier and establish a progression clock predicting progression-free survival of UTUC patients. Finally, we further validate the signature proteins by parallel reaction monitoring assay in an independent cohort. Collectively, this study portrays the plasma proteomic landscape of a UTUC cohort and provides a valuable resource for further biological and diagnostic research in UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenmei Yao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Su
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiqi Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kun Chang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Subei Tan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoru Pei
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yijiao Chen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaoyu Qin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiacheng Lv
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fahan Ma
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaoshuai Tang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aihetaimujiang Anwaier
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sha Tian
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinqiang Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dalong Cao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Menghong Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Tissue Bank & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hualei Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Tissue Bank & Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute for Development and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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4
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Jorfi S, Ansa-Addo EA, Mariniello K, Warde P, Bin Senian AA, Stratton D, Bax BE, Levene M, Lange S, Inal JM. A Coxsackievirus B1-mediated nonlytic Extracellular Vesicle-to-cell mechanism of virus transmission and its possible control through modulation of EV release. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37665326 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Like most non-enveloped viruses, CVB1 mainly uses cell lysis to spread. Details of a nonlytic virus transmission remain unclear. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) transfer biomolecules between cells. We show that CVB1 entry into HeLa cells results in apoptosis and release of CVB1-induced 'medium-sized' EVs (CVB1i-mEVs). These mEVs (100-300 nm) harbour CVB1 as shown by immunoblotting with anti-CVB1-antibody; viral capsids were detected by transmission electron microscopy and RT-PCR revealed CVB1 RNA. The percentage of mEVs released from CVB1-infected HeLa cells harbouring virus was estimated from TEM at 34 %. Inhibition of CVB1i-mEV production, with calpeptin or siRNA knockdown of CAPNS1 in HeLa cells limited spread of CVB1 suggesting these vesicles disseminate CVB1 virions to new host cells by a nonlytic EV-to-cell mechanism. This was confirmed by detecting CVB1 virions inside HeLa cells after co-culture with CVB1i-mEVs; EV release may also prevent apoptosis of infected cells whilst spreading apoptosis to secondary sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samireh Jorfi
- Cell Communication in Disease Pathology, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Ephraim Abrokwa Ansa-Addo
- Cell Communication in Disease Pathology, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
- Present address: Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Katia Mariniello
- Cell Communication in Disease Pathology, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
- Present address: William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Purva Warde
- Biosciences Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK
| | - Ahmad Asyraf Bin Senian
- Biosciences Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK
- Present address: Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Dan Stratton
- School of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AE, UK
| | - Bridget E Bax
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Michelle Levene
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 116, New Cavendish St., London, UK
- University College London School of Pharmacy, Brunswick Sq., London, UK
| | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- Cell Communication in Disease Pathology, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
- Biosciences Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK
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5
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Müller GA, Müller TD. (Patho)Physiology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins I: Localization at Plasma Membranes and Extracellular Compartments. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050855. [PMID: 37238725 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes (PMs) of all eukaryotic organisms studied so far by covalent linkage to a highly conserved glycolipid rather than a transmembrane domain. Since their first description, experimental data have been accumulating for the capability of GPI-APs to be released from PMs into the surrounding milieu. It became evident that this release results in distinct arrangements of GPI-APs which are compatible with the aqueous milieu upon loss of their GPI anchor by (proteolytic or lipolytic) cleavage or in the course of shielding of the full-length GPI anchor by incorporation into extracellular vesicles, lipoprotein-like particles and (lyso)phospholipid- and cholesterol-harboring micelle-like complexes or by association with GPI-binding proteins or/and other full-length GPI-APs. In mammalian organisms, the (patho)physiological roles of the released GPI-APs in the extracellular environment, such as blood and tissue cells, depend on the molecular mechanisms of their release as well as the cell types and tissues involved, and are controlled by their removal from circulation. This is accomplished by endocytic uptake by liver cells and/or degradation by GPI-specific phospholipase D in order to bypass potential unwanted effects of the released GPI-APs or their transfer from the releasing donor to acceptor cells (which will be reviewed in a forthcoming manuscript).
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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De Sousa KP, Rossi I, Abdullahi M, Ramirez MI, Stratton D, Inal JM. Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1835. [PMID: 35898167 PMCID: PMC10078256 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV-related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P De Sousa
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Izadora Rossi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mahamed Abdullahi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dan Stratton
- Open University, The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK.,School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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7
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Sacnun JM, Herzog R, Kratochwill K. Proteomic study of mesothelial and endothelial cross-talk: key lessons. Expert Rev Proteomics 2022; 19:289-296. [PMID: 36714918 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2174851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium are yet understudied multicellular systems where mesothelial cells (MCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are in close proximity. Crosstalk between these cell types likely plays role in molecular transport, immunological reactions, and metabolic processes in health, disease, and therapeutic intervention. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss recent proteomic efforts to characterize the crosstalk between MC and EC. We describe the proteomic methods necessary for investigation of crosstalk between MC and EC, as well as the in-vitro models that can be employed. Potential experimental approaches range from conditioned medium, via co-culture on semi-permeable membranes, to 3D cell culture based organoid models. While the biological and clinical relevance of the models may increase with their ability to mimic close cell communication, the practicality of these complex experiments corresponds vice versa, making standardization more difficult and expensive. EXPERT OPINION Currently, data and reports on mesothelial-to-endothelial crosstalk are still very scarce. In our opinion, the in-vitro model using semi-permeable cell culture inserts will allow to establish a basic understanding of cellular crosstalk that may occur between those cell types. Later-on, more sophisticated 3D cell cultures may be better able to simulate the transport dynamics within the peritoneal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Sacnun
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Herzog
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Bagio DA, Julianto I, Margono A, Suprastiwi E. Analysis of Thrombin-Activated Platelet-Derived Exosome (T-aPDE) Potential for Dental Pulp Regeneration: In-Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2022; 17:173-182. [PMID: 35728610 PMCID: PMC9949920 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the potential of various concentrations of the thrombin-activated platelet-derived exosome (T-aPDE) to regenerate the dental pulp by performing an in-vitro analysis of the cell viability, migration activity, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS The hDPSCs were collected from nine third molar teeth of nine healthy donors and were isolated and cultured using the explant method. They were harvested between the third and fourth passages and starved, after which they were seeded in the following treatments: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and 10% platelet-rich plasma-thrombin as the control groups, and 0.5, 1, and 5% T-aPDE as the experimental groups. All groups had three biological triplicates (Triplo) and two number of experiments. The T-aPDE was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy testing, particle size analyzer, and CD63 + and CD81 + specific immune phenotyping flow cytometry tests for plasma exosomes. The cell viability was evaluated using the colorimetric assay of activity cellular enzymes (MTT assay); the migration activity, using scratch assay; and the VEGF-A expression, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The highest viability absorbance value of hDPSCs after 24, 48, 72 hours of observation was in the 5% T-aPDE group (p<0.05). Whereas, the closest distance result of migratory activation hDPSCs was also in the same group (p<0.05). However the highest VEGF-A expression of hDSPCs was noted in the same group at 72 hours observation (p<0.05). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The statistical power was set at p <0.05 CONCLUSION: The 5% T-aPDE had a higher potential to induce dental pulp regeneration than the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Asrianti Bagio
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Julianto
- Department of Dermato Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Solo Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Margono
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprastiwi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,Address for correspondence Endang Suprastiwi, DDS, PhD Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas IndonesiaJln. Salemba Raya No 4. Jakarta 13410Indonesia
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9
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Santos V, Freitas C, Fernandes MGO, Sousa C, Reboredo C, Cruz-Martins N, Mosquera J, Hespanhol V, Campelo R. Liquid biopsy: the value of different bodily fluids. Biomark Med 2022; 16:127-145. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have gained an increasing interest in the last years among medical and scientific communities. Indeed, the value of liquid effusions, while less invasive and more accurate techniques, has been markedly highlighted. Peripheral blood comprises the most often analyzed sample, but recent evidences have pointed out the huge importance of other bodily fluids, including pleural and peritoneal fluids, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid in the detection and monitoring of different tumor types. In face to these advances, this review aims to provide an overview of the value of tumor-associated mutations, detectable in different effusions, and how they can be used in clinical practice, namely in prognosis assessment and early disease and minimal disease recurrence detection, and in predicting the treatment response or acquired-resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Santos
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Freitas
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
| | - Maria GO Fernandes
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200135, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, 4200135, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
| | - Cristina Reboredo
- Department of Lung Cancer & Thoracic Tumours, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84, 15006, A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200135, Portugal
| | - Joaquín Mosquera
- Department of Lung Cancer & Thoracic Tumours, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84, 15006, A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200135, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, 4200135, Portugal
| | - Rosário Campelo
- Department of Lung Cancer & Thoracic Tumours, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84, 15006, A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
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10
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Xu H, Ni YQ, Liu YS. Mechanisms of Action of MiRNAs and LncRNAs in Extracellular Vesicle in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:733985. [PMID: 34692785 PMCID: PMC8531438 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.733985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a complex chronic inflammatory disease, involves multiple alterations of diverse cells, including endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), platelets, and even mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Globally, it is a common cause of morbidity as well as mortality. It leads to myocardial infarctions, stroke and disabling peripheral artery disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that secreted by multiple cell types and play a central role in cell-to-cell communication by delivering various bioactive cargos, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidence demonstrated that miRNAs and lncRNAs in EVs are tightly associated with the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will outline and compile the cumulative roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs encapsulated in EVs derived from diverse cells in the progression of atherosclerosis. We also discuss intercellular communications via EVs. In addition, we focused on clinical applications and evaluation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in EVs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Qing Ni
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Kyriakidou Y, Cooper I, Kraev I, Lange S, Elliott BT. Preliminary Investigations Into the Effect of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Systemic Extracellular Vesicle Release in Trained Younger and Older Men. Front Physiol 2021; 12:723931. [PMID: 34650440 PMCID: PMC8507150 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.723931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results in transient muscle inflammation, strength loss, and muscle soreness and may cause subsequent exercise avoidance. Research has recently proven that skeletal muscle can also release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation following a bout of exercise. However, EV’s potential role, including as a biomarker, in the response to eccentric resistance exercise stimulus remains unclear. Methods: Twelve (younger, n=7, 27.0±1.5years and older, n=5, 63.0±1.0years) healthy, physically active males, undertaking moderate, regular physical activity (3–5 times per week) performed a unilateral high intensity eccentric exercise protocol. Venous plasma was collected for assessment of EVs and creatine kinase (CK) prior to EIMD, immediately after EIMD, and 1–72h post-EIMD, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were assessed at all time points, except 1 and 2h post-EIMD. Results: A significant effect of both time (p=0.005) and group (p<0.001) was noted for MVIC, with younger participants’ MVIC being higher throughout. Whilst a significant increase was observed in DOMS in the younger group (p=0.014) and in the older group (p=0.034) following EIMD, no significant differences were observed between groups. CK was not different between age groups but was altered following the EIMD (main effect of time p=0.026), with increased CK seen immediately post-, at 1 and 2h post-EIMD. EV count tended to be lower in older participants at rest, relative to younger participants (p=0.056), whilst EV modal size did not differ between younger and older participants pre-EIMD. EIMD did not substantially alter EV modal size or EV count in younger or older participants; however, the alteration in EV concentration (ΔCount) and EV modal size (ΔMode) between post-EIMD and pre-EIMD negatively associated with CK activity. No significant associations were noted between MVIC or DOMS and either ΔCount or ΔMode of EVs at any time point. Conclusion: These findings suggest that profile of EV release, immediately following exercise, may predict later CK release and play a role in the EIMD response. Exercise-induced EV release profiles may therefore serve as an indicator for subsequent muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvoni Kyriakidou
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Cooper
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley T Elliott
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Stotz HU, Brotherton D, Inal J. Communication is key: Extracellular vesicles as mediators of infection and defence during host-microbe interactions in animals and plants. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6358524. [PMID: 34448857 PMCID: PMC8767456 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now understood to be ubiquitous mediators of cellular communication. In this review, we suggest that EVs have evolved into a highly regulated system of communication with complex functions including export of wastes, toxins and nutrients, targeted delivery of immune effectors and vectors of RNA silencing. Eukaryotic EVs come in different shapes and sizes and have been classified according to their biogenesis and size distributions. Small EVs (or exosomes) are released through fusion of endosome-derived multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Medium EVs (or microvesicles) bud off the plasma membrane as a form of exocytosis. Finally, large EVs (or apoptotic bodies) are produced as a result of the apoptotic process. This review considers EV secretion and uptake in four eukaryotic kingdoms, three of which produce cell walls. The impacts cell walls have on EVs in plants and fungi are discussed, as are roles of fungal EVs in virulence. Contributions of plant EVs to development and innate immunity are presented. Compelling cases are sporophytic self-incompatibility and cellular invasion by haustorium-forming filamentous pathogens. The involvement of EVs in all of these eukaryotic processes is reconciled considering their evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik U Stotz
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Dominik Brotherton
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Jameel Inal
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.,School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, N7 8DB, UK
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Wu Y, Zeng H, Yu Q, Huang H, Fervers B, Chen ZS, Lu L. A Circulating Exosome RNA Signature Is a Potential Diagnostic Marker for Pancreatic Cancer, a Systematic Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112565. [PMID: 34073722 PMCID: PMC8197236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most patients with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the lack of tools with high sensitivity and specificity for early detection. Aberrant gene expression occurs in pancreatic cancer, which can be packaged into nanoparticles (also known as exosomes or nano-sized extracellular vesicles) and then released into blood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of a circulating exosome RNA signature in pancreatic cancer. Our findings indicate that the circulating exosome RNA signature is a potential marker for the early detection or diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Abstract Several exosome proteins, miRNAs and KRAS mutations have been investigated in the hope of carrying out the early detection of pancreatic cancer with high sensitivity and specificity, but they have proven to be insufficient. Exosome RNAs, however, have not been extensively evaluated in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of circulating exosome RNAs in pancreatic cancer detection. By retrieving RNA-seq data from publicly accessed databases, differential expression and random-effects meta-analyses were performed. The results showed that pancreatic cancer had a distinct circulating exosome RNA signature in healthy individuals, and that the top 10 candidate exosome RNAs could distinguish patients from healthy individuals with an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.0. Three (HIST2H2AA3, LUZP6 and HLA-DRA) of the 10 genes in exosomes had similar differential patterns to those in tumor tissues based on RNA-seq data. In the validation dataset, the levels of these three genes in exosomes displayed good performance in distinguishing cancer from both chronic pancreatitis (AUC = 0.815) and healthy controls (AUC = 0.8558), whereas a slight difference existed between chronic pancreatitis and healthy controls (AUC = 0.586). Of the three genes, the level of HIST2H2AA3 was positively associated with KRAS status. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of the three genes across the disease stages (stages I–IV). These findings indicate that circulating exosome RNAs have a potential early detection value in pancreatic cancer, and that a distinct exosome RNA signature exists in distinguishing pancreatic cancer from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Qing Yu
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA;
| | - Huatian Huang
- Department of Imaging, Guizhou Qianxinan People’s Hospital, Xingyi 652400, China;
| | - Beatrice Fervers
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard—Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France;
- UMR Inserm 1296 “Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement”, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY 11439, USA;
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Proteomic Exploration of Plasma Exosomes and Other Small Extracellular Vesicles in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Potential Source of Biomarkers for Relapse Occurrence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060917. [PMID: 34063765 PMCID: PMC8223799 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential sources of cancer biomarkers. Plasma-derived EVs have not yet been studied in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), for which predictive biomarkers of relapse are greatly needed. In this two-part proteomic study, we used two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to analyze EV proteins of plasma collected at diagnosis from children with nodular sclerosis HL, relapsed or not. EVs isolated using membrane affinity had radii ranging from 20 to 130 nm and contained the programmed cell death 6-interacting (ALIX) and the tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) proteins, whereas calnexin (CANX) was not detected. 2D-DIGE identified 16 spots as differentially abundant between non-relapsed and relapsed HL (|fold change| ≥ 1.5, p < 0.05). LC–MS/MS identified these spots as 11 unique proteins, including five more abundant in non-relapsed HL (e.g., complement C4b, C4B; fibrinogen γ chain, FGG) and six more abundant in relapsed HL (e.g., transthyretin, TTR). Shotgun LC–MS/MS on pooled EV proteins from non-relapsed HL identified 161 proteins, including 127 already identified in human exosomes (ExoCarta data). This EV cargo included 89 proteins not yet identified in exosomes from healthy plasma. Functional interrogation by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) revealed that the EV proteins participate in platelet degranulation and serine-type endopeptidase activity as the most significant Gene Ontology (GO) biological process and molecular function (p < 0.01).
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15
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Bernstein DE, Piedad J, Hemsworth L, West A, Johnston ID, Dimov N, Inal JM, Vasdev N. Prostate cancer and microfluids. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:455-470. [PMID: 33934962 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems aim to detect sample matter quickly with high sensitivity and resolution, on a small scale. With its increased use in medicine, the field is showing significant promise in prostate cancer diagnosis and management due, in part, to its ability to offer point-of-care testing. This review highlights some of the research that has been undertaken in respect of prostate cancer and microfluidics. Firstly, this review considers the diagnosis of prostate cancer through use of microfluidic systems and analyses the detection of prostate specific antigen, proteins, and circulating tumor cells to highlight the scope of current advancements. Secondly, this review analyses progressions in the understanding of prostate cancer physiology and considers techniques used to aid treatment of prostate cancer, such as the creation of a micro-environment. Finally, this review highlights potential future roles of microfluidics in assisting prostate cancer, such as in exosomal analysis. In conclusion, this review shows the vast scope and application of microfluidic systems and how these systems will ensure advancements to future prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Ethan Bernstein
- Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - John Piedad
- Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - Lara Hemsworth
- Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - Alexander West
- Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ian D Johnston
- School of Physics, Engineering & Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Nikolay Dimov
- School of Physics, Engineering & Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jameel M Inal
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK; School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Nikhil Vasdev
- Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK.
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Rossi IV, Ferreira Nunes MA, Vargas-Otalora S, da Silva Ferreira TC, Cortez M, Ramirez MI. Extracellular Vesicles during TriTryps infection: Complexity and future challenges. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:172-183. [PMID: 33601226 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The trypanosomatid pathogens Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei, currently grouped as TriTryps, have evolved through the time to overcome the upfront innate immune response and establish the infection in humans adapting many aspects of the parasite-cell host interaction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerge as critical structures carrying different key molecules from parasites and target cells that interact continuously during infection. Current information regarding the structure and composition of these vesicles provide new insights into the primary role of TriTryps-EVs reviewed in this work. Expanding knowledge about these critical vesicular structures will promote advances in basic sciences and in translational applications controlling pathogenesis in the neglected tropical diseases caused by TriTryps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Cell and Molecular Biology program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Vargas-Otalora
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Cortez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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MiR-21 Is Required for the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041557. [PMID: 33557112 PMCID: PMC7913884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the leading health problems among women. Although significant achievements have led to advanced therapeutic success with targeted therapy options, more efforts are required for different subtypes of tumors and according to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic alterations. This study underlines the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Following the knockout of miR-21 from MDA-MB-231 cells, which have the highest miR-21 expression levels compared to MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 BCa cells, a decrease in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via downregulation of mesenchymal markers was observed. Wnt-11 was a critical target for miR-21, and the Wnt-11 related signaling axis was altered in the stable miR-21 knockout cells. miR-21 expression was associated with a significant increase in mesenchymal markers in MDA-MB-231 BCa cells. Furthermore, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) was significantly reduced in the miR-21 KO cells, alongside a significant reduction in relative miR-21 export in EV cargo, compared with control cells. We conclude that miR-21 is a leading factor involved in mesenchymal transition in MDA-MB-231 BCa. Future therapeutic strategies could focus on its role in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu X, Wang Z, Li L, Chen P. PADs in cancer: Current and future. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188492. [PMID: 33321174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs), is a group of calcium-dependent enzymes, which play crucial roles in citrullination, and can catalyze arginine residues into citrulline. This chemical reaction induces citrullinated proteins formation with altered structure and function, leading to numerous pathological diseases, including inflammation and autoimmune diseases. To date, multiple studies have provided solid evidence that PADs are implicated in cancer progression. Nevertheless, the findings on PADs functions in tumors are too complex to understand due to its involvements in variable signaling pathways. The increasing interest in PADs has heightened the need for a comprehensive description for its role in cancer. The present study aims to identify the gaps in present knowledge, including its structures, biological substrates and tissue distribution. Since several irreversible inhibitors for PADs with good potency and selectivity have been explored, the mechanisms on the dysregulation in tumors remain poorly understood. The present study discusses the relationship between PADs and tumor apoptosis, EMT formation and metastasis as well as the implication of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in tumorigenesis. In addition, the potential uses of citrullinated antigens for immunotherapy were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
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Yoh KE, Lowe CJ, Mahajan S, Suttmann R, Nguy T, Reichelt M, Yang J, Melendez R, Li Y, Molinero L, Ruppel J, Xu W, Plaks V. Enrichment of circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles from human plasma. J Immunol Methods 2020; 490:112936. [PMID: 33242493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining considerable traction within the liquid biopsy arena, as carriers of information from cells in distant sites that may not be accessible for biopsy. Therefore, there is a need to develop methods to enrich for specific EV subtypes, based on their cells of origin. Here we describe the development of an automated method to enrich tumor-derived EVs from plasma using the CellSearch technology compared to Total EVs isolated using differential ultracentrifugation (DUC). We use a modified CellSearch protocol to enrich EpCAM+ EVs from the plasma of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). As a test case, we examined PD-L1, an immune checkpoint ligand known to be expressed in some tumor tissues, to demonstrate enrichment for EpCAM+ EVs. For this purpose, we developed two custom immunoassays utilizing the Simoa HD-1 analyzer (Quanterix) to detect PD-L1 in EVs and interrogate specific EV populations from human plasma. PD-L1 was present in Total EVs from the plasma of healthy individuals and cancer patients, since it is also expressed on several immune cells. However, EpCAM+ EVs were only detectable from the plasma of cancer patients, suggesting these are tumor-derived EVs. As low as 250 μL of plasma could be used to reliably detect PD-L1 from patient-derived EpCAM+ EVs. In summary, this report demonstrates the development of a robust tumor-derived EV enrichment method from human blood. Furthermore, this proof-of-concept study is extendable to other known cancer-specific proteins expressed on EVs exuded from tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Yoh
- Departments of BioAnalytical Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Lowe
- Departments of BioAnalytical Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Shilpi Mahajan
- Departments of BioAnalytical Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Suttmann
- Oncology Biomarker Development, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Trung Nguy
- Departments of BioAnalytical Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Pathology; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jenny Yang
- Departments of BioAnalytical Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Rachel Melendez
- Departments of BioAnalytical Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Yijin Li
- Oncology Biomarker Development, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Luciana Molinero
- Oncology Biomarker Development, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jane Ruppel
- Departments of BioAnalytical Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Departments of BioAnalytical Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Vicki Plaks
- Departments of BioAnalytical Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
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20
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Si XL, Fang YJ, Li LF, Gu LY, Yin XZ, Jun-Tian, Yan YP, Pu JL, Zhang BR. From inflammasome to Parkinson's disease: Does the NLRP3 inflammasome facilitate exosome secretion and exosomal alpha-synuclein transmission in Parkinson's disease? Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113525. [PMID: 33161049 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A pivotal neuropathological manifestation of synucleinopathies, like Parkinson's disease (PD), is the aggregation of α-synuclein. In a recent cell-to-cell transmission model of α-synuclein, α-synuclein propagation was demonstrated to resemble that of prion proteins in the central nervous system. Furthermore, exosomes, as biomolecule carriers, have been shown to transmit α-synuclein from neuron to neuron. However, the mechanisms underlying exosomal α-synuclein transmission have not been well understood. The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 protein (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in microglia, and the subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines, are two crucial pathological events involved in neuroinflammation and PD progression. Research has revealed that the NLRP3 inflammasome may facilitate the secretion of extracellular vesicles, as well as exosomal transmission of proteins like aggregated α-synuclein. However, only a few reports have evaluated these pathogenic mechanisms. Herein we evaluate for the first time the current evidence for the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microvesicle generation by microglial cells, and the various mechanisms regarding the production, shedding, and content of exosomes in relation to α-synuclein transmission from neuron to neuron. Furthermore, we propose a model of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent exosome secretion and exosomal α-synuclein transmission in PD. This knowledge may lead to the identification of novel potential targets for drug development and stimulate further research in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Si
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ling-Fei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Lu-Yan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xin-Zhen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jun-Tian
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jia-Li Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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21
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van Neel TL, Berry SB, Berthier E, Theberge AB. Localized Cell-Surface Sampling of a Secreted Factor Using Cell-Targeting Beads. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13634-13640. [PMID: 32941013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication through the secretion of soluble factors plays a vital role in a wide range of biological processes (e.g., homeostasis, immune response), yet identification and quantification of many of these factors can be challenging due to their degradation or sequestration in cell culture media prior to analysis. Here, we present a customizable bead-based system capable of simultaneously binding to live cells (through antibody-mediated cell tethering) and capturing cell-secreted molecules. Our functionalized beads capture secreted molecules (e.g., hepatocyte growth factor secreted by fibroblasts) that are diminished when sampled via traditional supernatant analysis techniques (p < 0.05), effectively rescuing a reduced signal in the presence of neutralizing components in the cell culture media. Our system enables capture and analysis of molecules integral to chemical communication that would otherwise be markedly decreased prior to analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammi L van Neel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samuel B Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
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22
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Proteomic analysis of plasma exosomes from Cystic Echinococcosis patients provides in vivo support for distinct immune response profiles in active vs inactive infection and suggests potential biomarkers. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008586. [PMID: 33017416 PMCID: PMC7535053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The reference diagnostic method of human abdominal Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is imaging, particularly ultrasound, supported by serology when imaging is inconclusive. However, current diagnostic tools are neither optimal nor widely available. The availability of a test detecting circulating biomarkers would considerably improve CE diagnosis and cyst staging (active vs inactive), as well as treatments and follow-up of patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication, including immune system responses, and are a recognized source of biomarkers. With the aim of identifying potential biomarkers, plasma pools from patients infected by active or inactive CE, as well as from control subjects, were processed to isolate exosomes for proteomic label-free quantitative analysis. Results were statistically processed and subjected to bioinformatics analysis to define distinct features associated with parasite viability. First, a few parasite proteins were identified that were specifically associated with either active or inactive CE, which represent potential biomarkers to be validated in further studies. Second, numerous identified proteins of human origin were common to active and inactive CE, confirming an overlap of several immune response pathways. However, a subset of human proteins specific to either active or inactive CE, and central in the respective protein-protein interaction networks, were identified. These include the Src family kinases Src and Lyn, and the immune-suppressive cytokine TGF-β in active CE, and Cdc42 in inactive CE. The Src and Lyn Kinases were confirmed as potential markers of active CE in totally independent plasma pools. In addition, insights were obtained on immune response profiles: largely consistent with previous evidence, our observations hint to a Th1/Th2/regulatory immune environment in patients with active CE and a Th1/inflammatory environment with a component of the wound healing response in the presence of inactive CE. Of note, our results were obtained for the first time from the analysis of samples obtained in vivo from a well-characterized, large cohort of human subjects.
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23
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Matsuda A, Kuno A, Yoshida M, Wagatsuma T, Sato T, Miyagishi M, Zhao J, Suematsu M, Kabe Y, Narimatsu H. Comparative Glycomic Analysis of Exosome Subpopulations Derived from Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2516-2524. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsuda
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshida
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takanori Wagatsuma
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- Biomedical Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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24
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Uysal-Onganer P, MacLatchy A, Mahmoud R, Kraev I, Thompson PR, Inal JM, Lange S. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Isozyme-Specific PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 Inhibitors Differentially Modulate Extracellular Vesicle Signatures and Cell Invasion in Two Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041495. [PMID: 32098295 PMCID: PMC7073130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive adult brain tumour with poor prognosis. Roles for peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) in GBM have recently been highlighted. Here, two GBM cell lines were treated with PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 isozyme-specific inhibitors. Effects were assessed on extracellular vesicle (EV) signatures, including EV-microRNA cargo (miR21, miR126 and miR210), and on changes in cellular protein expression relevant for mitochondrial housekeeping (prohibitin (PHB)) and cancer progression (stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM-1) and moesin), as well as assessing cell invasion. Overall, GBM cell-line specific differences for the three PAD isozyme-specific inhibitors were observed on modulation of EV-signatures, PHB, STIM-1 and moesin protein levels, as well as on cell invasion. The PAD3 inhibitor was most effective in modulating EVs to anti-oncogenic signatures (reduced miR21 and miR210, and elevated miR126), to reduce cell invasion and to modulate protein expression of pro-GBM proteins in LN229 cells, while the PAD2 and PAD4 inhibitors were more effective in LN18 cells. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for deiminated proteins relating to cancer, metabolism and inflammation differed between the two GBM cell lines. Our findings highlight roles for the different PAD isozymes in the heterogeneity of GBM tumours and the potential for tailored PAD-isozyme specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Amy MacLatchy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rayan Mahmoud
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Jameel M. Inal
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207-911-5000 (ext. 64832)
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25
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Freitas MN, Marten AD, Moore GA, Tree MO, McBrayer SP, Conway MJ. Extracellular vesicles restrict dengue virus fusion in Aedes aegypti cells. Virology 2020; 541:141-149. [PMID: 32056712 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue virus (DENV), and acquires this virus from a vertebrate host during blood feeding. Previous literature has shown that vertebrate blood factors such as complement protein C5a and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) influence DENV acquisition in the mosquito. Here, we show that extracellular vesicles in cell culture medium inhibit DENV infection in mosquito cells. Specifically, extracellular vesicles enter into mosquito cells and inhibit an early stage of infection. Extracellular vesicles had no effect on virus cell attachment or entry. Instead, extracellular vesicles restricted virus membrane fusion. Extracellular vesicles only inhibited DENV infection in mosquito cells and not vertebrate cells. These data highlight a novel virus-vector-host interaction that limits virus infection in mosquito cells by restricting virus membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Freitas
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Andrew D Marten
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Gavin A Moore
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Maya O Tree
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Sean P McBrayer
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Michael J Conway
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
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26
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Antwi-Baffour S, Malibha-Pinchbeck M, Stratton D, Jorfi S, Lange S, Inal J. Plasma mEV levels in Ghanain malaria patients with low parasitaemia are higher than those of healthy controls, raising the potential for parasite markers in mEVs as diagnostic targets. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 9:1697124. [PMID: 32002165 PMCID: PMC6968499 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1697124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to measure medium-sized extracellular vesicles (mEVs) in plasma, when patients have low Plasmodium falciparum early in infection. We aimed to define the relationship between plasma mEVs and: (i) parasitaemia, (ii) period from onset of malaria symptoms until seeking medical care (patient delay, PD), (iii) age and (iv) gender. In this cross-sectional study, n = 434 patients were analysed and Nanosight Tracking Analysis (NTA) used to quantify mEVs (vesicles of 150–500 nm diameter, isolated at 15,000 × g, β-tubulin-positive and staining for annexin V, but weak or negative for CD81). Overall plasma mEV levels (1.69 × 1010 mEVs mL−1) were 2.3-fold higher than for uninfected controls (0.51 × 1010 mEVs mL−1). Divided into four age groups, we found a bimodal distribution with 2.5- and 2.1-fold higher mEVs in infected children (<11 years old [yo]) (median:2.11 × 1010 mEVs mL−1) and the elderly (>45 yo) (median:1.92 × 1010 mEVs mL−1), respectively, compared to uninfected controls; parasite density varied similarly with age groups. There was a positive association between mEVs and parasite density (r = 0.587, p < 0.0001) and mEVs were strongly associated with PD (r = 0.919, p < 0.0001), but gender had no effect on plasma mEV levels (p = 0.667). Parasite density was also exponentially related to patient delay. Gender (p = 0.667) had no effect on plasma mEV levels. During periods of low parasitaemia (PD = 72h), mEVs were 0.93-fold greater than in uninfected controls. As 75% (49/65) of patients had low parasitaemia levels (20–500 parasites µL−1), close to the detection limits of microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick blood films (5–150 parasites µL−1), mEV quantification by NTA could potentially have early diagnostic value, and raises the potential of Pf markers in mEVs as early diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Antwi-Baffour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Dan Stratton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Samireh Jorfi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Department of Biomedical Science, Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jameel Inal
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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27
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Aoki H, Corn RM, Matthews B. MicroRNA detection on microsensor arrays by SPR imaging measurements with enzymatic signal enhancement. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Exosomes as Emerging Pro-Tumorigenic Mediators of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102547. [PMID: 31137607 PMCID: PMC6566274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cells is quintessential for biological function and cellular homeostasis. Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles known as exosomes play pivotal roles in mediating intercellular communication in tumor microenvironments. These vesicles and exosomes carry and transfer biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Here we focus on exosomes secreted from senescent cells. Cellular senescence can alter the microenvironment and influence neighbouring cells via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which consists of factors such as cytokines, chemokines, matrix proteases and growth factors. This review focuses on exosomes as emerging SASP components that can confer pro-tumorigenic effects in pre-malignant recipient cells. This is in addition to their role in carrying SASP factors. Transfer of such exosomal components may potentially lead to cell proliferation, inflammation and chromosomal instability, and consequently cancer initiation. Senescent cells are known to gather in various tissues with age; eliminating senescent cells or blocking the detrimental effects of the SASP has been shown to alleviate multiple age-related phenotypes. Hence, we speculate that a better understanding of the role of exosomes released from senescent cells in the context of cancer biology may have implications for elucidating mechanisms by which aging promotes cancer and other age-related diseases, and how therapeutic resistance is exacerbated with age.
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29
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Gill S, Catchpole R, Forterre P. Extracellular membrane vesicles in the three domains of life and beyond. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:273-303. [PMID: 30476045 PMCID: PMC6524685 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells from all three domains of life, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya, produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are sometimes associated with filamentous structures known as nanopods or nanotubes. The mechanisms of EV biogenesis in the three domains remain poorly understood, although studies in Bacteria and Eukarya indicate that the regulation of lipid composition plays a major role in initiating membrane curvature. EVs are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication via transfer of a wide variety of molecular cargoes. They have been implicated in many aspects of cell physiology such as stress response, intercellular competition, lateral gene transfer (via RNA or DNA), pathogenicity and detoxification. Their role in various human pathologies and aging has aroused much interest in recent years. EVs can be used as decoys against viral attack but virus-infected cells also produce EVs that boost viral infection. Here, we review current knowledge on EVs in the three domains of life and their interactions with the viral world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhvinder Gill
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Biologie Cellulaire des Archées (BCA), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Ryan Catchpole
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Département de Microbiologie, F75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Biologie Cellulaire des Archées (BCA), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Département de Microbiologie, F75015 Paris, France
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30
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Zhang W, Ou X, Wu X. Proteomics profiling of plasma exosomes in epithelial ovarian cancer: A potential role in the coagulation cascade, diagnosis and prognosis. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1719-1733. [PMID: 30864689 PMCID: PMC6438431 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal type of cancer among all gynecological malignancies. The majority of patients are diagnosed with ovarian cancer at the late stages of the disease. Therefore, there exists an imperative need for the development of early ovarian cancer diagnostic techniques. Exosomes, secreted by various cell types, play pivotal roles in intercellular communication, which emerge as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. In this study, we present for the first time, at least to the best of our knowledge, the proteomics profiling of exosomes derived from the plasma of patients with ovarian cancer via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with tandem mass tagging (TMT). The exosomes enriched from patient plasma samples were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot analysis. The size of the plasma exosomes fell into the range of 30 to 100 nm in diameter. The exosomal marker proteins, CD81 and TSG101, were clearly stained in the exosome samples; however, there was no staining for the endoplasmic reticulum protein, calnexin. A total of 294 proteins were identified with all exosome samples. Among these, 225 proteins were detected in both the cancerous and non-cancerous samples. Apart from universal exosomal proteins, exosomes derived from ovarian cancer patient plasma also contained tumor-specific proteins relevant to tumorigenesis and metastasis, particularly in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). Patients with EOC often suffer from coagulation dysfunction. The function of exosomes in coagulation was also examined. Several genes relevant to the coagulation cascade were screened out as promising diagnostic and prognostic factors that may play important roles in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. On the whole, in this study, we successfully isolated and purified exosomes from plasma of patients with EOC, and identified a potential role of these exosomes in the coagulation cascade, as well as in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients. differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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31
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Taleb RSZ, Moez P, Younan D, Eisenacher M, Tenbusch M, Sitek B, Bracht T. Protein Biomarker Discovery Using Human Blood Plasma Microparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1959:51-64. [PMID: 30852815 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9164-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells shed into the extracellular space a population of membranous vesicles of plasma membrane origin called microparticles (MP). Given the fact that MP are abundantly present in body fluids including plasma, rich in cell-type or disease-specific proteins and formed in conditions of stress and injury, they have been extensively investigated as biomarkers in various diseases. With the advancement in the mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis, the knowledge of the protein composition of plasma MP (PMP) has been intensively expanded, which aids the discovery of novel diagnostic target proteins. However, the lack of standardized and accurate protocols for PMP isolation limits the implementation of PMP as biomarkers in clinical settings. Here, we describe in detail a robust protocol for PMP isolation from human blood plasma via ultracentrifugation followed by label-free quantitative proteome analysis of PMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda Saad Zaghloul Taleb
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Pacint Moez
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doreen Younan
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Kosgodage US, Uysal-Onganer P, MacLatchy A, Mould R, Nunn AV, Guy GW, Kraev I, Chatterton NP, Thomas EL, Inal JM, Bell JD, Lange S. Cannabidiol Affects Extracellular Vesicle Release, miR21 and miR126, and Reduces Prohibitin Protein in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:513-522. [PMID: 30597288 PMCID: PMC6314156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key-mediators for cellular communication through transfer of proteins and genetic material. Cancers, such as GBM, use EV release for drug-efflux, pro-oncogenic signaling, invasion and immunosuppression; thus the modulation of EV release and cargo is of considerable clinical relevance. As EV-inhibitors have been shown to increase sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy, and we recently showed that cannabidiol (CBD) is such an EV-modulator, we investigated whether CBD affects EV profile in GBM cells in the presence and absence of temozolomide (TMZ). Compared to controls, CBD-treated cells released EVs containing lower levels of pro-oncogenic miR21 and increased levels of anti-oncogenic miR126; these effects were greater than with TMZ alone. In addition, prohibitin (PHB), a multifunctional protein with mitochondrial protective properties and chemoresistant functions, was reduced in GBM cells following 1 h CBD treatment. This data suggests that CBD may, via modulation of EVs and PHB, act as an adjunct to enhance treatment efficacy in GBM, supporting evidence for efficacy of cannabinoids in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchini S Kosgodage
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Amy MacLatchy
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Rhys Mould
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Alistair V Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Geoffrey W Guy
- GW Research, Sovereign House, Vision Park, Cambridge, CB24 9BZ, UK.
| | - Igor Kraev
- The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | | | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Jameel M Inal
- Extracellular Vesicle Research Unit and Biosciences Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
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Peptidylarginine Deiminases Post-Translationally Deiminate Prohibitin and Modulate Extracellular Vesicle Release and MicroRNAs in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010103. [PMID: 30597867 PMCID: PMC6337164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of adult primary malignant brain tumour with poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a key-mediator through which GBM cells promote a pro-oncogenic microenvironment. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), which catalyze the post-translational protein deimination of target proteins, are implicated in cancer, including via EV modulation. Pan-PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine affected EV release from GBM cells, and EV related microRNA cargo, with reduced pro-oncogenic microRNA21 and increased anti-oncogenic microRNA126, also in combinatory treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). The GBM cell lines under study, LN18 and LN229, differed in PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 isozyme expression. Various cytoskeletal, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins were identified to be deiminated in GBM, including prohibitin (PHB), a key protein in mitochondrial integrity and also involved in chemo-resistance. Post-translational deimination of PHB, and PHB protein levels, were reduced after 1 h treatment with pan-PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine in GBM cells. Histone H3 deimination was also reduced following Cl-amidine treatment. Multifaceted roles for PADs on EV-mediated pathways, as well as deimination of mitochondrial, nuclear and invadopodia related proteins, highlight PADs as novel targets for modulating GBM tumour communication.
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Panfoli I, Santucci L, Bruschi M, Petretto A, Calzia D, Ramenghi LA, Ghiggeri G, Candiano G. Microvesicles as promising biological tools for diagnosis and therapy. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:801-808. [PMID: 30253662 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1528149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shed by most cells, in response to a myriad of stimuli, extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry proteins, lipids, and various nucleic acids. EVs encompass diverse subpopulations differing for biogenesis and content. Among these, microvesicles (MVs) derived from plasma membrane, are key regulators of physiopathological cellular processes including cancer, inflammation and infection. This review is unique in that it focuses specifically on the MVs as a mediator of information transfer. In fact, few proteomic studies have rigorously distinguished MVs from exosomes. Areas covered: Aim of this review is to discuss the proteomic analyses of the MVs. Many studies have examined mixed populations containing both exosomes and MVs. We discuss MVs' role in cell-specific interactions. We also show their emerging roles in therapy and diagnosis. Expert commentary: We see MVs as therapeutic tools for potential use in precision medicine. They may also have potential for allowing the identification of new biomarkers. MVs represent an invaluable tool for studying the cell of origin, which they closely represent, but it is critical to build a repository with data from MVs to deepen our understanding of their molecular repertoire and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Panfoli
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia-DIFAR , Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Laura Santucci
- b Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- b Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- c Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia-DIFAR , Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Luca A Ramenghi
- d Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ghiggeri
- b Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- b Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
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Kosgodage US, Mould R, Henley AB, Nunn AV, Guy GW, Thomas EL, Inal JM, Bell JD, Lange S. Cannabidiol (CBD) Is a Novel Inhibitor for Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:889. [PMID: 30150937 PMCID: PMC6099119 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and microvesicles (EMV) are lipid bilayer-enclosed structures, released by cells and involved in intercellular communication through transfer of proteins and genetic material. EMV release is also associated with various pathologies, including cancer, where increased EMV release is amongst other associated with chemo-resistance and active transfer of pro-oncogenic factors. Recent studies show that EMV-inhibiting agents can sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and reduce cancer growth in vivo. Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, and displays anti-proliferative activity. Here we report a novel role for CBD as a potent inhibitor of EMV release from three cancer cell lines: prostate cancer (PC3), hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231). CBD significantly reduced exosome release in all three cancer cell lines, and also significantly, albeit more variably, inhibited microvesicle release. The EMV modulating effects of CBD were found to be dose dependent (1 and 5 μM) and cancer cell type specific. Moreover, we provide evidence that this may be associated with changes in mitochondrial function, including modulation of STAT3 and prohibitin expression, and that CBD can be used to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. We suggest that the known anti-cancer effects of CBD may partly be due to the regulatory effects on EMV biogenesis, and thus CBD poses as a novel and safe modulator of EMV-mediated pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchini S Kosgodage
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys Mould
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aine B Henley
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair V Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey W Guy
- GW Research, Sovereign House Vision Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E L Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jameel M Inal
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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Adamiak M, Cheng G, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Zhao L, Kedracka-Krok S, Samanta A, Karnas E, Xuan YT, Skupien-Rabian B, Chen X, Jankowska U, Girgis M, Sekula M, Davani A, Lasota S, Vincent RJ, Sarna M, Newell KL, Wang OL, Dudley N, Madeja Z, Dawn B, Zuba-Surma EK. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Are Safer and More Effective for Cardiac Repair Than iPSCs. Circ Res 2017; 122:296-309. [PMID: 29118058 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny membrane-enclosed droplets released by cells through membrane budding or exocytosis. The myocardial reparative abilities of EVs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not been directly compared with the source iPSCs. OBJECTIVE To examine whether iPSC-derived EVs can influence the biological functions of cardiac cells in vitro and to compare the safety and efficacy of iPSC-derived EVs (iPSC-EVs) and iPSCs for cardiac repair in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Murine iPSCs were generated, and EVs isolated from culture supernatants by sequential centrifugation. Atomic force microscopy, high-resolution flow cytometry, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and mass spectrometry were used to characterize EV morphology and contents. iPSC-EVs were enriched in miRNAs and proteins with proangiogenic and cytoprotective properties. iPSC-EVs enhanced angiogenic, migratory, and antiapoptotic properties of murine cardiac endothelial cells in vitro. To compare the cardiac reparative capacities in vivo, vehicle, iPSCs, and iPSC-EVs were injected intramyocardially at 48 hours after a reperfused myocardial infarction in mice. Compared with vehicle-injected mice, both iPSC- and iPSC-EV-treated mice exhibited improved left ventricular function at 35 d after myocardial infarction, albeit iPSC-EVs rendered greater improvement. iPSC-EV injection also resulted in reduction in left ventricular mass and superior perfusion in the infarct zone. Both iPSCs and iPSC-EVs preserved viable myocardium in the infarct zone, whereas reduction in apoptosis was significant with iPSC-EVs. iPSC injection resulted in teratoma formation, whereas iPSC-EV injection was safe. CONCLUSIONS iPSC-derived EVs impart cytoprotective properties to cardiac cells in vitro and induce superior cardiac repair in vivo with regard to left ventricular function, vascularization, and amelioration of apoptosis and hypertrophy. Because of their acellular nature, iPSC-EVs represent a safer alternative for potential therapeutic applications in patients with ischemic myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Adamiak
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Guangming Cheng
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Lin Zhao
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Anweshan Samanta
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Yu-Ting Xuan
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Bozena Skupien-Rabian
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Xing Chen
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Magdy Girgis
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Malgorzata Sekula
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Arash Davani
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Slawomir Lasota
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Robert J Vincent
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Michal Sarna
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Kathy L Newell
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Ou-Li Wang
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Nathaniel Dudley
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna)
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna).
| | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- From the Department of Cell Biology (M.A., S.B.-W., E.K., S.L., Z.M., E.K.Z.-S), Department of Physical Biochemistry (S.K.-K., B.S.-R.), and Department of Biophysics (M. Sarna), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.C., L.Z., A.S., Y.-T.X., X.C., M.G., A.D., R.J.V., O.-L.W., N.D., B.D.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland (E.K., B.S.-R., U.J., M. Sekula, M. Sarna).
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Differential protein analysis of serum exosomes post-intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with Kawasaki disease. Cardiol Young 2017; 27:1786-1796. [PMID: 28803590 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951117001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease, which is characterised by systemic vasculitides accompanied by acute fever, is regularly treated by intravenous immunoglobulin to avoid lesion formation in the coronary artery; however, the mechanism of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy is unclear. Hence, we aimed to analyse the global expression profile of serum exosomal proteins before and after administering intravenous immunoglobulin. METHODS Two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteome of serum exosomes in patients with Kawasaki disease before and after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. RESULTS Our analysis revealed 69 differential protein spots in the Kawasaki disease group with changes larger than 1.5-fold and 59 differential ones in patients after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy compared with the control group. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the acute-phase response disappeared, the functions of the complement system and innate immune response were enhanced, and the antibacterial humoral response pathway of corticosteroids and cardioprotection emerged after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. Further, we showed that complement C3 and apolipoprotein A-IV levels increased before and decreased after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and that the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit displayed reverse alteration before and after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. These observations might be potential indicators of intravenous immunoglobulin function. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the differential proteomic profile of serum exosomes of patients with Kawasaki disease before and after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, such as complement C3, apolipoprotein A-IV, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit. These results may be useful in the identification of markers for monitoring intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with Kawasaki disease.
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Zhang G, Liu Z, Ding H, Zhou Y, Doan HA, Sin KWT, Zhu ZJ, Flores R, Wen Y, Gong X, Liu Q, Li YP. Tumor induces muscle wasting in mice through releasing extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90. Nat Commun 2017; 8:589. [PMID: 28928431 PMCID: PMC5605540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia, characterized by muscle wasting, is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. However, the key cachexins that mediate cancer-induced muscle wasting remain elusive. Here, we show that tumor-released extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90 are responsible for tumor’s capacity to induce muscle wasting. We detected high-level constitutive release of Hsp70 and Hsp90 associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) from diverse cachexia-inducing tumor cells, resulting in elevated serum levels in mice. Neutralizing extracellular Hsp70/90 or silencing Hsp70/90 expression in tumor cells abrogates tumor-induced muscle catabolism and wasting in cultured myotubes and in mice. Conversely, administration of recombinant Hsp70 and Hsp90 recapitulates the catabolic effects of tumor. In addition, tumor-released Hsp70/90-expressing EVs are necessary and sufficient for tumor-induced muscle wasting. Further, Hsp70 and Hsp90 induce muscle catabolism by activating TLR4, and are responsible for elevation of circulating cytokines. These findings identify tumor-released circulating Hsp70 and Hsp90 as key cachexins causing muscle wasting in mice. Cachexia affects many cancer patients causing weight loss and increasing mortality. Here, the authors identify extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90, either in soluble form or secreted as part of exosomes from tumor cells, to be responsible for tumor induction of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Zhelong Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Hoang Anh Doan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ka Wai Thomas Sin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Zhiren J Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Rene Flores
- Academic and Research Affairs, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Yefei Wen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Xing Gong
- The Brown Foundation Institution of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Qingyun Liu
- The Brown Foundation Institution of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
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Choi B, Lee HJ, Min J, Choe HN, Choi YS, Son YG, Ahn HS, Suh YS, Goldenring JR, Yang HK. Plasma expression of the intestinal metaplasia markers CDH17 and TFF3 in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 19:231-239. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boram Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery,
| | - Jimin Min
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwi-Nyeong Choe
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - James R. Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and the Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery,
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40
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Lange S, Gallagher M, Kholia S, Kosgodage US, Hristova M, Hardy J, Inal JM. Peptidylarginine Deiminases-Roles in Cancer and Neurodegeneration and Possible Avenues for Therapeutic Intervention via Modulation of Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061196. [PMID: 28587234 PMCID: PMC5486019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed structures released from cells and participate in cell-to-cell communication via transport of biological molecules. EMVs play important roles in various pathologies, including cancer and neurodegeneration. The regulation of EMV biogenesis is thus of great importance and novel ways for manipulating their release from cells have recently been highlighted. One of the pathways involved in EMV shedding is driven by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) mediated post-translational protein deimination, which is calcium-dependent and affects cytoskeletal rearrangement amongst other things. Increased PAD expression is observed in various cancers and neurodegeneration and may contribute to increased EMV shedding and disease progression. Here, we review the roles of PADs and EMVs in cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Lange
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, 115, New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Mark Gallagher
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK.
| | - Sharad Kholia
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Uchini S Kosgodage
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK.
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1N 6HX, UK.
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Jameel M Inal
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK.
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Chloramidine/Bisindolylmaleimide-I-Mediated Inhibition of Exosome and Microvesicle Release and Enhanced Efficacy of Cancer Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051007. [PMID: 28486412 PMCID: PMC5454920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicle (MV) release from tumour cells influences drug retention, contributing to cancer drug resistance. Strategically regulating MV release may increase drug retention within cancer cells and allow for lower doses of chemotherapeutic drugs. The contribution of exosomes to drug retention still remains unknown. Potential exosome and MV (EMV) biogenesis inhibitors, tested on human prostate cancer (PC3) cells for their capacity to inhibit EMV release, were also tested on PC3 and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells for improving chemotherapy. Agents inhibiting EMV release most significantly, whilst maintaining cell viability, were chloramidine (Cl-amidine; 50 µM) and bisindolylmaleimide-I (10 µM). Apoptosis mediated by the chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was significantly enhanced in PC3 cells in the presence of both these EMV inhibitors, resulting in a 62% (Cl-amidine + 5-FU) and 59% (bisindolylmaleimide-I + 5-FU) decrease in numbers of viable PC3 cells compared to 5-FU alone after 24 h. For MCF-7 cells, there were similar increased reductions of viable cells compared to 5-FU treatment alone ranging from 67% (Cl-amidine + 5-FU) to 58% (bisindolylmaleimide-I + 5-FU). Using combinatory treatment, the two EMV inhibitors further reduced the number of viable cancer cells tested. Neither inhibitor affected cell viability. Combining selected EMV inhibitors may pose as a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug-mediated apoptosis.
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Khan G, Ahmed W. Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes Released by EBV-Immortalized Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1532:147-158. [PMID: 27873273 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6655-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus is an oncogenic herpesvirus associated with several human malignancies. Although the details of the molecular steps involved in EBV-mediated cell transformation and immune evasion are not fully known, a number of viral products, including EBV latent proteins and non-protein coding RNAs have been shown to be involved, directly or indirectly in these processes. In recent years, a growing body of data indicates that some viruses are able to transport selected products to neighboring cells and induce biological changes by exploiting the exosome secretory pathway. Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cell types and present in most body fluids. Here, we describe the protocols used in our laboratory to isolate and characterize exosomes from EBV-infected, noninfected, and transfected cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Tawam Hospital Campus, 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Tawam Hospital Campus, 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) continues to have a sufficient impact on morbidity, mortality, and disability in developed countries. Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that microparticles (MPs) might contribute to the pathogenesis of the HF development playing a pivotal role in the regulation of the endogenous repair system, thrombosis, coagulation, inflammation, immunity, and metabolic memory phenomenon. Therefore, there is a large body of data clarifying the predictive value of MP numerous in circulation among subjects with HF. Although the determination of MP signature is better than measurement of single MP circulating level, there is not yet close confirmation that immune phenotype of cells produced MPs are important for HF prediction and development. The aim of the chapter is to summarize knowledge regarding the role of various MPs in diagnosis and prognosis of HF. The role of MPs as a delivery vehicle for drugs attenuated cardiac remodeling is considered.
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Tong Y, Zhou YL, Wang YX, Zhao PQ, Wang ZY. Retinal pigment epithelium cell-derived exosomes: Possible relevance to CNV in wet-age related macular degeneration. Med Hypotheses 2016; 97:98-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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45
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Huang Z, Ma L, Huang C, Li Q, Nice EC. Proteomic profiling of human plasma for cancer biomarker discovery. Proteomics 2016; 17. [PMID: 27550791 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou P. R. China
- Criminal police detachment of Guang'an City Public Security Bureau; P. R. China
| | - Linguang Ma
- Criminal police detachment of Guang'an City Public Security Bureau; P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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46
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Zhang W, Zhou X, Zhang H, Yao Q, Liu Y, Dong Z. Extracellular vesicles in diagnosis and therapy of kidney diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F844-F851. [PMID: 27582107 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00429.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are endogenously produced, membrane-bound vesicles that contain various molecules. Depending on their size and origins, EVs are classified into apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. A fundamental function of EVs is to mediate intercellular communication. In kidneys, recent research has begun to suggest a role of EVs, especially exosomes, in cell-cell communication by transferring proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs to recipient cells as nanovectors. EVs may mediate the cross talk between various cell types within kidneys for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They may also mediate the cross talk between kidneys and other organs under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney diseases, including renal fibrosis, end-stage renal disease, glomerular diseases, and diabetic nephropathy. The release of EVs with specific molecular contents into urine and plasma may be useful biomarkers for kidney disease. In addition, EVs produced by cultured cells may have therapeutic effects for these diseases. However, the role of EVs in kidney diseases is largely unclear, and the mechanism underlying EV production and secretion remains elusive. In this review, we introduce the basics of EVs and then analyze the present information about the involvement, diagnostic value, and therapeutic potential of EVs in major kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qisheng Yao
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia; .,Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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47
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Rezeli M, Gidlöf O, Evander M, Bryl-Górecka P, Sathanoori R, Gilje P, Pawłowski K, Horvatovich P, Erlinge D, Marko-Varga G, Laurell T. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated by Acoustic Trapping or Differential Centrifugation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8577-86. [PMID: 27487081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (ECVs), including microparticles and exosomes, are submicrometer membrane vesicles released by diverse cell types upon activation or stress. Circulating ECVs are potential reservoirs of disease biomarkers, and the complexity of these vesicles is significantly lower compared to their source, blood plasma, which makes ECV-based biomarker studies more promising. Proteomic profiling of ECVs is important not only to discover new diagnostic or prognostic markers but also to understand their roles in biological function. In the current study, we investigated the protein composition of plasma-derived ECVs isolated by acoustic seed trapping. Additionally, the protein composition of ECVs isolated with acoustic trapping was compared to that isolated with a conventional differential centrifugation protocol. Finally, the proteome of ECVs originating from ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients was compared with that of healthy controls using label-free LC-MS quantification. The acoustic trapping platform allows rapid and automated preparation of ECVs from small sample volumes, which are therefore well-suited for biobank repositories. We found that the protein composition of trapped ECVs is very similar to that isolated by the conventional differential centrifugation method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Péter Horvatovich
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University , Seoul, Korea
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48
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Abstract
During apoptosis or activation, cells can release a subcellular structure, called a membrane microvesicle (also known as microparticle) into the extracellular environment. Microvesicles bud-off as a portion of cell membrane with its associated proteins and lipids surrounding a cytosolic core that contains intracellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, siRNA, microRNA, lncRNA). Biologically active molecules on the microvesicle surface and encapsulated within can act on recipient cells as a novel mode of intercellular communication. Apoptosis has long been known to be involved in the development of diseases of autoimmunity. Abnormally persistent microvesicles, particularly apoptotic microvesicles, can accelerate autoimmune responses locally in specific organs and tissues as well as systemically. In this review, we focus on studies implicating microvesicles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and their complications.
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49
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Sagar G, Sah RP, Javeed N, Dutta SK, Smyrk TC, Lau JS, Giorgadze N, Tchkonia T, Kirkland J, Chari ST, Mukhopadhyay D. Pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer exosome-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue. Gut 2016; 65:1165-74. [PMID: 26061593 PMCID: PMC5323066 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES New-onset diabetes and concomitant weight loss occurring several months before the clinical presentation of pancreatic cancer (PC) appear to be paraneoplastic phenomena caused by tumour-secreted products. Our recent findings have shown exosomal adrenomedullin (AM) is important in development of diabetes in PC. Adipose tissue lipolysis might explain early onset weight loss in PC. We hypothesise that lipolysis-inducing cargo is carried in exosomes shed by PC and is responsible for the paraneoplastic effects. Therefore, in this study we investigate if exosomes secreted by PC induce lipolysis in adipocytes and explore the role of AM in PC-exosomes as the mediator of this lipolysis. DESIGN Exosomes from patient-derived cell lines and from plasma of patients with PC and non-PC controls were isolated and characterised. Differentiated murine (3T3-L1) and human adipocytes were exposed to these exosomes to study lipolysis. Glycerol assay and western blotting were used to study lipolysis. Duolink Assay was used to study AM and adrenomedullin receptor (ADMR) interaction in adipocytes treated with exosomes. RESULTS In murine and human adipocytes, we found that both AM and PC-exosomes promoted lipolysis, which was abrogated by ADMR blockade. AM interacted with its receptor on the adipocytes, activated p38 and extracellular signal-regulated (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinases and promoted lipolysis by phosphorylating hormone-sensitive lipase. PKH67-labelled PC-exosomes were readily internalised into adipocytes and involved both caveolin and macropinocytosis as possible mechanisms for endocytosis. CONCLUSIONS PC-secreted exosomes induce lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue; exosomal AM is a candidate mediator of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunisha Sagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Raghuwansh P. Sah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Naureen Javeed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Shamit K Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Julie S Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Nino Giorgadze
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - James Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Suresh T Chari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
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50
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Sun Y, Xia Z, Shang Z, Sun K, Niu X, Qian L, Fan LY, Cao CX, Xiao H. Facile preparation of salivary extracellular vesicles for cancer proteomics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24669. [PMID: 27091080 PMCID: PMC4835767 DOI: 10.1038/srep24669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane surrounded structures released by cells, which have been increasingly recognized as mediators of intercellular communication. Recent reports indicate that EVs participate in important biological processes and could serve as potential source for cancer biomarkers. As an attractive EVs source with merit of non-invasiveness, human saliva is a unique medium for clinical diagnostics. Thus, we proposed a facile approach to prepare salivary extracellular vesicles (SEVs). Affinity chromatography column combined with filter system (ACCF) was developed to efficiently remove the high abundant proteins and viscous interferences of saliva. Protein profiling in the SEVs obtained by this strategy was compared with conventional centrifugation method, which demonstrated that about 70% more SEVs proteins could be revealed. To explore its utility for cancer proteomics, we analyzed the proteome of SEVs in lung cancer patients and normal controls. Shotgun proteomic analysis illustrated that 113 and 95 proteins have been identified in cancer group and control group, respectively. Among those 63 proteins that have been consistently discovered only in cancer group, 12 proteins are lung cancer related. Our results demonstrated that SEVs prepared through the developed strategy are valuable samples for proteomics and could serve as a promising liquid biopsy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhijun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhi Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaibo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liqiang Qian
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liu-Yin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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