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Guo H, Liu R, Lv H, Huo Q, Yao Y, Lu X. USP5 facilitates diabetic retinopathy development by stabilizing ROBO4 via deubiquitination. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111225. [PMID: 38735506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) have been proved to play important roles in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we explored the role of USP5 and its possible mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy development. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were determined using CCK-8 assay, EdU staining assay, flow cytometry, and ELISA, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression of ROBO4 and USP5 were measured through RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. Co-IP and deubiquitination assay were conducted to evaluate the interaction between ROBO4 and USP5. The results showed that high glucose (HG) stimulation significantly led to HRPE cell damage as described by suppressing proliferation, and promoting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. ROBO4 was markedly increased in diabetic retinopathy plasma samples and HG-triggered HRPE cells. Depletion of ROBO4 could alleviate HG-caused HRPE cell damage. USP5 was also significantly elevated in diabetic retinopathy plasma samples and HG-triggered HRPE cells. USP5 overexpression aggravated HG-induced HRPE cell damage. USP5 stabilized ROBO4 through deubiquitination. Moreover, USP5 knockdown decreased ROBO4 expression to mitigate HG-triggered cell damage in HRPE cells. USP5 stabilized ROBO4 via deubiquitination to repress cell proliferation, and facilitate inflammation, cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in HG-treated HRPE cells, thereby promoting the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruibao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haijiang Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Lu
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM Laboratory, Chengdu, China; Retinal Image Technology and Chronic Vascular Disease Prevention & Control and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Din MAU, Lin Y, Wang N, Wang B, Mao F. Ferroptosis and the ubiquitin-proteasome system: exploring treatment targets in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1383203. [PMID: 38666028 PMCID: PMC11043542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1383203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an emerging mode of programmed cell death fueled by iron buildup and lipid peroxidation. Recent evidence points to the function of ferroptosis in the aetiology and development of cancer and other disorders. Consequently, harnessing iron death for disease treatment has diverted the interest of the researchers in the field of basic and clinical research. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents a primary protein degradation pathway in eukaryotes. It involves labelling proteins to be degraded by ubiquitin (Ub), followed by recognition and degradation by the proteasome. Dysfunction of the UPS can contribute to diverse pathological processes, emphasizing the importance of maintaining organismal homeostasis. The regulation of protein stability is a critical component of the intricate molecular mechanism underlying iron death. Moreover, the intricate involvement of the UPS in regulating iron death-related molecules and signaling pathways, providing valuable insights for targeted treatment strategies. Besides, it highlights the potential of ferroptosis as a promising target for cancer therapy, emphasizing the combination between ferroptosis and the UPS. The molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, including key regulators such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), cysteine/glutamate transporter (system XC-), and iron metabolism, are thoroughly examined, alongside the role of the UPS in modulating the abundance and activity of crucial proteins for ferroptotic cell death, such as GPX4, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). As a pivotal regulatory system for macromolecular homeostasis, the UPS substantially impacts ferroptosis by directly or indirectly modulating iron death-related molecules or associated signaling pathways. This review explores the involvement of the UPS in regulating iron death-related molecules and signaling pathways, providing valuable insights for the targeted treatment of diseases associated with ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar Ud Din
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College, Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College, Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Huang J, Zhao K, Li M, Wang S. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of N 6-methyladenosine functional molecules. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:337-351. [PMID: 38289385 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
N6 methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA epigenetic modification, regulated by methyltransferases and demethyltransferases and recognized by methylation-related reading proteins to impact mRNA splicing, translocation, stability, and translation efficiency. It significantly affects a variety of activities, including stem cell maintenance and differentiation, tumor formation, immune regulation, and metabolic disorders. Ubiquitination refers to the specific modification of target proteins by ubiquitin molecule in response to a series of enzymes. E3 ligases connect ubiquitin to target proteins and usually lead to protein degradation. On the contrary, deubiquitination induced by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) can separate ubiquitin and regulate the stability of protein. Recent studies have emphasized the potential importance of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in controlling the function of m6A modification. In this review, we discuss the impact of ubiquitination and deubiquitination on m6A functional molecules in diseases, such as metabolism, cellular stress, and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road No 438, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Huang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kexin Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road No 438, Zhenjiang, 212002, China.
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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4
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Hu M, Dai C, Sun X, Chen Y, Xu N, Lin Z, Xu S, Cheng C, Tan Z, Bian S, Zheng W. Ubiquitination-specific protease 7 enhances stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing basic transcription factor 3. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:28. [PMID: 38340226 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of ubiquitination-specific protease 7 (USP7) in facilitating the stemness properties of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays were conducted in SK-Hep1 and HepG2 cells transfected with USP7 overexpression/knockdown plasmids and USP7 inhibitor P22077. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and self-renewal capacity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell, scratch, and tumor sphere formation, respectively. MS was performed to identify the potential substrate of USP7 following P22077 treatment. Co-IP assay was used to verify the interaction between USP7 and basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) in HCC cells. The overexpression of USP7 could promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation capacity of SK-Hep1 and HepG2 cells. Additionally, ectopic UPS7 enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem-like characteristics of the HCC cells. In contrast, USP7 depletion by knockdown of USP7 or administrating inhibitor P22077 significantly inhibited these malignant phenotypes of SK-Hep1 and HepG2 cells. Following MS analysis, BTF3 was identified as a potential substrate for USP7. USP7 could interact with BTF3 and upregulate its protein level, while USP7 depletion significantly upregulated the ubiquitination levels. Overexpression of BTF3 partially rescue the inhibitory effects of USP7 depletion on the malignant phenotypes and stemness properties of SK-Hep1 and HepG2 cells. USP7 can promote the stemness and malignant phenotype of HCC by stabilizing BTF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Hu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chengchen Dai
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xieyin Sun
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinqi Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoyi Lin
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyu Xu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhonghua Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Saiyan Bian
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Zhang J, Wu G, Peng R, Cao J, Tu D, Zhou J, Su B, Jin S, Jiang G, Zhang C, Bai D. A Novel Scoring Model of Deubiquitination Patterns Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2023; 38:101789. [PMID: 37734237 PMCID: PMC10518587 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of deubiquitinases (DUBs) is significantly associated with tumorigenesis. However, the precise impact of deubiquitination on the tumour microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the transcriptional and genetic alterations of 26 overall survival (OS)-related DUBs in HCC. The consensus clustering algorithm was used to identify patients with distinct deubiquitination patterns. We then established a DUBscore model using the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm to quantify the deubiquitination patterns of individual HCC patients. Finally, we performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the key DUBs. Consequently, three distinct deubiquitination patterns were identified, each showing significant differences in the characteristics of the TME, immune response, and clinical prognosis. Further analysis revealed that the DUBscore was an independent prognostic factor and could predict the response to immunotherapy for patients with HCC. Ultimately, BRCC3 was identified as a key DUB based on the DUBscore, which was significantly overexpressed in tumour tissues, as confirmed by qRT‒PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We analysed the distribution and expression of BRCC3 in various types of immune cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). In conclusion, our study revealed the crucial role of deubiquitination patterns in shaping TME complexity and diversity. A more personalized and effective antitumour immunotherapy strategy can be developed by utilizing the DUBscore model to identify deubiquitination patterns in individual HCC patients. Our findings also highlight that BRCC3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in HCC and a predictive marker for immunotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China; Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Gefeng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China; Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Daoyuan Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Bingbing Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China.
| | - Dousheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China.
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6
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Ren J, Yu P, Liu S, Li R, Niu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Deubiquitylating Enzymes in Cancer and Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303807. [PMID: 37888853 PMCID: PMC10754134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) maintain relative homeostasis of the cellular ubiquitome by removing the post-translational modification ubiquitin moiety from substrates. Numerous DUBs have been demonstrated specificity for cleaving a certain type of ubiquitin linkage or positions within ubiquitin chains. Moreover, several DUBs perform functions through specific protein-protein interactions in a catalytically independent manner, which further expands the versatility and complexity of DUBs' functions. Dysregulation of DUBs disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of ubiquitome and causes various diseases, especially cancer and immune disorders. This review summarizes the Janus-faced roles of DUBs in cancer including proteasomal degradation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as in immunity involving innate immune receptor signaling and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The prospects and challenges for the clinical development of DUB inhibitors are further discussed. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faced roles of DUBs in cancer and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ren
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug DiscoveryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesZhongshanGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Sijia Liu
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310058China
| | - Ran Li
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Xin Niu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450003P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
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7
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Li Z, Li G, Li Y, Luo Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Liu S, Wu C, You F. Deubiquitinase OTUD6A Regulates Innate Immune Response via Targeting UBC13. Viruses 2023; 15:1761. [PMID: 37632103 PMCID: PMC10458163 DOI: 10.3390/v15081761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OTUD6A is a deubiquitinase that plays crucial roles in various human diseases. However, the precise regulatory mechanism of OTUD6A remains unclear. In this study, we found that OTUD6A significantly inhibited the production of type I interferon. Consistently, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages from Otud6a-/- mice produced more type I interferon after virus infection compared to cells from WT mice. Otud6a-/-- mice also exhibited increased resistance to lethal HSV-1 and VSV infections, as well as LPS attacks due to decreased inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry results revealed that UBC13 was an OTUD6A-interacting protein, and the interaction was significantly enhanced after HSV-1 stimulation. Taken together, our findings suggest that OTUD6A plays a crucial role in the innate immune response and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Guanwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yujie Luo
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shengde Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Fuping You
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
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Zhang Y, Du T, Liu N, Wang J, Zhang L, Cui CP, Li C, Zhang X, Wu B, Zhang J, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Li P. Discovery of an OTUD3 inhibitor for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:378. [PMID: 37369659 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) controls protein turnover, and its dysfunction contributes to human diseases including cancer. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin from proteins to maintain their stability. Inhibition of DUBs could induce the degradation of selected oncoproteins and has therefore become a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. The deubiquitylase OTUD3 was reported to promote lung tumorigenesis by stabilizing oncoprotein GRP78, implying that inhibition of OTUD3 may be a therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Here, we report a small-molecule inhibitor of OTUD3 (named OTUDin3) by computer-aided virtual screening and biological experimental verification. OTUDin3 exhibited pronounced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects by inhibiting deubiquitinating activity of OTUD3 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Moreover, OTUDin3 efficaciously inhibited growth of lung cancer xenografts in mice. In summary, our results support OTUDin3 as a potent inhibitor of OTUD3, the inhibition of which may be a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Senior Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tongde Du
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Na Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Senior Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Yubing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Hongchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Peiyu Li
- Senior Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Li XM, Zhao ZY, Yu X, Xia QD, Zhou P, Wang SG, Wu HL, Hu J. Exploiting E3 ubiquitin ligases to reeducate the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 36998063 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractTumor development relies on a complex and aberrant tissue environment in which cancer cells receive the necessary nutrients for growth, survive through immune escape, and acquire mesenchymal properties that mediate invasion and metastasis. Stromal cells and soluble mediators in the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit characteristic anti-inflammatory and protumorigenic activities. Ubiquitination, which is an essential and reversible posttranscriptional modification, plays a vital role in modulating the stability, activity and localization of modified proteins through an enzymatic cascade. This review was motivated by accumulating evidence that a series of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) finely target multiple signaling pathways, transcription factors and key enzymes to govern the functions of almost all components of the TME. In this review, we systematically summarize the key substrate proteins involved in the formation of the TME and the E3 ligases and DUBs that recognize these proteins. In addition, several promising techniques for targeted protein degradation by hijacking the intracellular E3 ubiquitin-ligase machinery are introduced.
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10
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Ren X, Jiang M, Ding P, Zhang X, Zhou X, Shen J, Liu D, Yan X, Ma Z. Ubiquitin-specific protease 28: the decipherment of its dual roles in cancer development. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:27. [PMID: 36879346 PMCID: PMC9990303 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As significant posttranslational modifications, ubiquitination and deubiquitination, whose balance is modulated by ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), can regulate many biological processes, such as controlling cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. Belonging to DUBs, ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) plays an essential role in turning over ubiquitination and then contributing to the stabilization of quantities of substrates, including several cancer-related proteins. In previous studies, USP28 has been demonstrated to participate in the progression of various cancers. Nevertheless, several reports have recently shown that in addition to promoting cancers, USP28 can also play an oncostatic role in some cancers. In this review, we summarize the correlation between USP28 and tumor behaviors. We initially give a brief introduction of the structure and related biological functions of USP28, and we then introduce some concrete substrates of USP28 and the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, the regulation of the actions and expression of USP28 is also discussed. Moreover, we concentrate on the impacts of USP28 on diverse hallmarks of cancer and discuss whether USP28 can accelerate or inhibit tumor progression. Furthermore, clinical relevance, including impacting clinical prognosis, influencing therapy resistance and being the therapy target in some cancers, is depicted systematically. Thus, assistance may be given to future experimental designs by the information provided here, and the potential of targeting USP28 for cancer therapy is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Menglong Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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11
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Guo Y, Cui S, Chen Y, Guo S, Chen D. Ubiquitin specific peptidases and prostate cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14799. [PMID: 36811009 PMCID: PMC9939025 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification mechanism, which regulates protein stability and activity. The ubiquitination of proteins can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), the largest DUB subfamily, can regulate cellular functions by removing ubiquitin(s) from the target proteins. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading type of cancer and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the development of PCa is highly correlated with USPs. The expression of USPs is either high or low in PCa cells, thereby regulating the downstream signaling pathways and causing the development or suppression of PCa. This review summarized the functional roles of USPs in the development PCa and explored their potential applications as therapeutic targets for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Guo
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Shuaishuai Cui
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Song Guo
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Dahu Chen
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
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12
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Liu P, Liu S, Zhu C, Li Y, Li Y, Fei X, Hou J, Wang X, Pan Y. The deubiquitinating enzyme MINDY2 promotes pancreatic cancer proliferation and metastasis by stabilizing ACTN4 expression and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1169833. [PMID: 37207150 PMCID: PMC10189038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1169833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms of pancreatic cancer (PC) are still not fully understood. Ubiquitination modifications have a crucial role in tumorigenesis and progression. Yet, the role of MINDY2, a member of the motif interacting with Ub-containing novel DUB family (MINDY), as a newly identified deubiquitinating enzyme, in PC is still unclear. In this study, we found that MINDY2 expression is elevated in PC tissue (clinical samples) and was associated with poor prognosis. We also found that MINDY2 is associated with pro-carcinogenic factors such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammatory response, and angiogenesis; the ROC curve suggested that MINDY2 has a high diagnostic value in PC. Immunological correlation analysis suggested that MINDY2 is deeply involved in immune cell infiltration in PC and is associated with immune checkpoint-related genes. In vivo and in vitro experiments further suggested that elevated MINDY2 promotes PC proliferation, invasive metastasis, and EMT. Meanwhile, actinin alpha 4 (ACTN4) was identified as a MINDY2-interacting protein by mass spectrometry and other experiments, and ACTN4 protein levels were significantly correlated with MINDY2 expression. The ubiquitination assay confirmed that MINDY2 stabilizes the ACTN4 protein level by deubiquitination. The pro-oncogenic effect of MINDY2 was significantly inhibited by silencing ACTN4. Bioinformatics Analysis and Western blot experiments further confirmed that MINDY2 stabilizes ACTN4 through deubiquitination and thus activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, we identified the oncogenic role and mechanism of MINDY2 in PC, suggesting that MINDY2 is a viable candidate gene for PC and may be a therapeutic target and critical prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Songbai Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changhao Zhu
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongning Li
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaobin Fei
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junyi Hou
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Wang, ; Yaozhen Pan,
| | - Yaozhen Pan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Wang, ; Yaozhen Pan,
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13
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Targeting CSC-related transcription factors by E3 ubiquitin ligases for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:84-97. [PMID: 36371028 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has revealed that transcription factors play essential roles in regulation of multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, metastasis, EMT, cancer stem cells and chemoresistance. Dysregulated expression levels of transcription factors contribute to tumorigenesis and malignant progression. The expression of transcription factors is tightly governed by several signaling pathways, noncoding RNAs and E3 ubiquitin ligases. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been validated in regulation of tumor metastasis, reoccurrence and chemoresistance in human cancer. Transcription factors have been verified to participate in regulation of CSC formation, including Oct4, SOX2, KLF4, c-Myc, Nanog, GATA, SALL4, Bmi-1, OLIG2, POU3F2 and FOX proteins. In this review article, we will describe the critical role of CSC-related transcription factors. We will further discuss which E3 ligases regulate the degradation of these CSC-related transcription factors and their underlying mechanisms. We also mentioned the functions and mechanisms of EMT-associated transcription factors such as ZEB1, ZEB2, Snail, Slug, Twist1 and Twist2. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential via targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases for modulation of these transcription factors.
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14
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Lou Y, Ye M, Xu C, Tao F. Insight into the physiological and pathological roles of USP44, a potential tumor target (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 24:455. [PMID: 36380875 PMCID: PMC9650596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 44 (USP44) is a member of the ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) family and its functions in various biological processes have been gradually elucidated in recent years. USP44 targets multiple downstream factors and regulates multiple mechanisms through its deubiquitination activity. Ubiquitination is, in essence, a process in which a single ubiquitin molecule or a multiubiquitin chain binds to a substrate protein to form an isopeptide bond. Deubiquitination is the catalyzing of the isopeptide bonds between ubiquitin and substrate proteins through deubiquitylating enzymes. These two processes serve an important role in the regulation of the expression, conformation, localization and function of substrate proteins by regulating their binding to ubiquitin. Based on existing research, this paper summarized the current state of knowledge about USP44. The physiological roles of USP44 in various cellular events and its pathophysiological roles in different cancer types are evaluated and the therapeutic potential of USP44 for cancer treatment is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Lou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China,Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Minfeng Ye
- Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China,Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Chaoyang Xu, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China,Professor Feng Tao, Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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15
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Meng Y, Sun H, Li Y, Zhao S, Su J, Zeng F, Deng G, Chen X. Targeting Ferroptosis by Ubiquitin System Enzymes: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5475-5488. [PMID: 36147464 PMCID: PMC9461661 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death driven by the excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Therapy-resistant tumor cells, particularly those in the mesenchymal-like state and prone to metastasis, are highly susceptible to ferroptosis, suggesting that induction of ferroptosis in tumor cells is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Although ferroptosis is regulated at various levels, ubiquitination is key to post-translational regulation of ferroptotic cell death. E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are the most remarkable ubiquitin system enzymes, whose dysregulation accounts for the progression of multiple cancers. E3s are involved in the attachment of ubiquitin to substrates for their degradation, and this process is reversed by DUBs. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the important role of ubiquitin system enzymes in regulating the sensitivity of ferroptosis. Herein, we will portray the regulatory networks of ferroptosis mediated by E3s or DUBs and discuss opportunities and challenges for incorporating this regulation into cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiyan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yayun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Furong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangtong Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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Wang S, Wang T, Yang Q, Cheng S, Liu F, Yang G, Wang F, Wang R, Yang D, Zhou M, Duan C, Zhang Y, Liu H, Dai Z, Tian K, Liu S. Proteasomal deubiquitylase activity enhances cell surface recycling of the epidermal growth factor receptor in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:951-965. [PMID: 36129611 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents a top therapeutic target in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. EGFR expression is intricately modulated by receptor endocytosis, during which EGFR ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation play fundamental roles to govern receptor fate. This study aims to uncover novel aspects of the endocytic regulation of EGFR trafficking by deubiquitylases. METHODS The expression and ubiquitylation of EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer cells treated with deubiquitylase inhibitors were assessed by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses. The intracellular EGFR distribution was investigated using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy assays, and colocalizations with endocytic compartments were examined using GFP-tagged Rab proteins as markers. The influence of the proteasomal deubiquitylase inhibitor b-AP15 on EGF- and HSP90 inhibitor-induced EGFR downregulation was evaluated by immunoblotting. The anticancer effects of b-AP15 were assessed by cell proliferation, colony formation and flow cytometry assays, as well as xenograft animal models. RESULTS We found that b-AP15 caused a dramatically enhanced ubiquitylation of EGFR in lung cancer cells. Treatment with b-AP15 decreased cell surface EGFR levels and accumulated EGFR on recycling endosomes marked with Rab4A and Rab11A. b-AP15 effectively repressed EGF- and HSP90 inhibitor-induced EGFR degradation. Lung cancer cells exposed to b-AP15 showed markedly reduced cell propagation and significantly increased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, b-AP15 effectively inhibited tumor xenograft growth in nude mice. CONCLUSION Proteasomal USP14 and UCHL5 act collectively to promote cell surface recovery of EGFR. Inhibition of proteasomal deubiquitylase activity induces increased EGFR ubiquitylation and retention on recycling endosomes. The USP14 and UCHL5 dual inhibitor b-AP15 elicits potent tumor-suppressive effects to deter cell proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Taishu Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qianyi Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaoxuan Cheng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guoheng Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dian Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingyu Zhou
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengen Duan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaoxia Dai
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. .,The Second Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, 116027, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Bone and Joint, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. .,Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, 116044, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. .,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Sec. Lvshun South Road, 116044, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
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17
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Wang Q, Sun Z, Xia W, Sun L, Du Y, Zhang Y, Jia Z. Role of USP13 in physiology and diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:977122. [PMID: 36188217 PMCID: PMC9515447 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.977122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific protease (USP)-13 is a deubiquitinase that removes ubiquitin from substrates to prevent protein degradation by the proteasome. Currently, the roles of USP13 in physiology and pathology have been reported. In physiology, USP13 is highly associated with cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, myoblast differentiation, quality control of the endoplasmic reticulum, and autophagy. In pathology, it has been reported that USP13 is important in the pathogenesis of infection, inflammation, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. This mini-review summarizes the most recent advances in USP13 studies involving its pathophysiological roles in different conditions and provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of relevant diseases, as well as further research on USP13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Sun
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Sun
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhang, ; Zhanjun Jia,
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhang, ; Zhanjun Jia,
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18
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Paulmann C, Spallek R, Karpiuk O, Heider M, Schäffer I, Zecha J, Klaeger S, Walzik M, Öllinger R, Engleitner T, Wirth M, Keller U, Krönke J, Rudelius M, Kossatz S, Rad R, Kuster B, Bassermann F. The OTUD6B-LIN28B-MYC axis determines the proliferative state in multiple myeloma. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110871. [PMID: 36059274 PMCID: PMC9574752 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitylases (DUBs) are therapeutically amenable components of the ubiquitin machinery that stabilize substrate proteins. Their inhibition can destabilize oncoproteins that may otherwise be undruggable. Here, we screened for DUB vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma, an incurable malignancy with dependency on the ubiquitin proteasome system and identified OTUD6B as an oncogene that drives the G1/S‐transition. LIN28B, a suppressor of microRNA biogenesis, is specified as a bona fide cell cycle‐specific substrate of OTUD6B. Stabilization of LIN28B drives MYC expression at G1/S, which in turn allows for rapid S‐phase entry. Silencing OTUD6B or LIN28B inhibits multiple myeloma outgrowth in vivo and high OTUD6B expression evolves in patients that progress to symptomatic multiple myeloma and results in an adverse outcome of the disease. Thus, we link proteolytic ubiquitylation with post‐transcriptional regulation and nominate OTUD6B as a potential mediator of the MGUS‐multiple myeloma transition, a central regulator of MYC, and an actionable vulnerability in multiple myeloma and other tumors with an activated OTUD6B‐LIN28B axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Paulmann
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ria Spallek
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Karpiuk
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Heider
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabell Schäffer
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Zecha
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michaela Walzik
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Krönke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwigs Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Zhu M, Wang H, Ding Y, Yang Y, Xu Z, Shi L, Zhang N. Ribonucleotide reductase holoenzyme inhibitor COH29 interacts with deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 2 and downregulates its substrate protein cyclin D1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22329. [PMID: 35476303 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101914rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
USP2 contributes to the quality control of multiple oncogenic proteins including cyclin D1, Mdm2, Aurora-A, etc., and it is a potential target for anti-cancer drug development. However, currently only a few inhibitors with moderate inhibition activities against USP2 have been discovered. USP2-targeted active compounds with either new scaffolds or enhanced activities are in need. Here in this study, Ub-AMC hydrolysis assay-based screening against ~4000 commercially available drugs and drug candidates was performed to identify USP2-targeted inhibitors. COH29, which was originally developed as an anti-cancer agent by blocking the function of human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR, IC50 = 16 µM), was found to exhibit an inhibition activity against USP2 with the IC50 value at 2.02 ± 0.16 µM. The following conducted biophysical and biochemical experiments demonstrated that COH29 could specifically interact with USP2 and inhibit its enzymatic activity in a noncompetitive inhibition mode (Ki = 1.73 ± 0.14 µM). Since COH29 shows similar inhibitory potencies against RNR (RRM2) and USP2, USP2 inhibition-dependent cellular consequences of COH29 are expected. The results of cellular assays confirmed that the application of COH29 could downregulate the level of cyclin D1 by enhancing its degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the modulation effect of COH29 on cyclin D1 is independent of RRM2. Since cyclin D1 acts as an oncogenic driver in human cancer, our findings suggest that USP2 might be a promising therapeutic target for cyclin D1-addicted cancers, and COH29 could serve as a starting compound for high selectivity inhibitor development against USP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhu
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiluan Ding
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Shi
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Tu R, Ma J, Zhang P, Kang Y, Xiong X, Zhu J, Li M, Zhang C. The emerging role of deubiquitylating enzymes as therapeutic targets in cancer metabolism. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:130. [PMID: 35307036 PMCID: PMC8935717 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the unbridled proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming provides not only the advantage for cancer cell proliferation but also new targets for cancer treatment. However, the plasticity of the metabolic pathways makes them very difficult to target. Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) are proteases that cleave ubiquitin from the substrate proteins and process ubiquitin precursors. While the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, many DUBs have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and progression via controlling the dysregulated cancer metabolism, and consequently recognized as potential drug targets for cancer treatment. In this article, we summarized the significant progress in understanding the key roles of DUBs in cancer cell metabolic rewiring and the opportunities for the application of DUBs inhibitors in cancer treatment, intending to provide potential implications for both research purpose and clinical applications.
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21
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Chen R, Pang X, Li L, Zeng Z, Chen M, Zhang S. Ubiquitin-specific proteases in inflammatory bowel disease-related signalling pathway regulation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:139. [PMID: 35145062 PMCID: PMC8831562 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The exact pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, remains unclear. Studies on ubiquitination, which regulates the degradation of inflammation signalling pathway molecules, and deubiquitination have provided novel insights. Targeting the ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family of deubiquitinases elucidates IBD signalling pathway mechanisms and possibly, IBD therapeutic solutions. Here, we characterised USPs as chief regulators of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways, including nuclear factor-κB and transforming growth factor-β; analysed the relationship between USPs and IBD pathogenesis in terms of genetic susceptibility, intestinal epithelial barrier, immunity, and gut microbiota; and discussed future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rirong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobai Pang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Jiang ZY, Hong J, Zhang JH, Wang XF, Ma YS, Xiong ZX, Sun HR, Cheng C, Xie BZ, Liu JB, Ouyang YG, Fu D. Treatment with b-AP15 to Inhibit UCHL5 and USP14 Deubiquitinating Activity and Enhance p27 and Cyclin E1 for Tumors with p53 Deficiency. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221119745. [PMID: 35971329 PMCID: PMC9386868 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221119745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: TP53 protein is lost or mutated in about half of all types of human cancers and small molecules to regulate mutant p53 repair, or interrupt ubiquitination degradation of p53 induced by E3-ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 have a potential application in clinical application. Methods: To inhibit the deubiquitinase activity of 19S proteasome and restore the p53 protein level, in this study, we utilized p53 knockout mice to test the anti-cancer effect of a specific USP14 and UCH37 inhibitor b-AP15. Results: Our results show that UCHL5, USP14 and COPS5 are upregulated in p53-related tumors, and higher expression of these genes results in a shorter overall survival in patients with p53 deficiency. Treatment with b-AP15, a UCHL5 and USP14 deubiquitinating activity inhibitor in 19S regulatory subunit, induces tumor regression and prolong the survival period of tumor-loaded mice through down-regulation of COPS5 and its downstream AP-1 and E2F1, and up-regulation of the cell cycle-related proteins p27 and Cyclin E1. Conclusions: Thus, our results suggested that inhibition of UCHL5 and USP14 deubiquitinating activity in 19S proteasome may contribute an extensive approach to preventing tumor progress due to p53 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yuan Jiang
- Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Hong
- Navy Military Medical University Affiliated 12520Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju-Hua Zhang
- 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pudong Health Development Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang-Xia Xiong
- Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao-Ran Sun
- Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Cheng
- Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bang-Zhu Xie
- Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yang-Gang Ouyang
- Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Da Fu
- General Surgery, Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, 278245Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Tang X, Sui X, Weng L, Liu Y. SNAIL1: Linking Tumor Metastasis to Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724200. [PMID: 34917071 PMCID: PMC8669501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snail1, a key inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays a critical role in tumor metastasis. Its stability is strictly controlled by multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Increasing evidence indicates that methylation and acetylation of Snail1 also affects tumor metastasis. More importantly, Snail1 is involved in tumor immunosuppression by inducing chemokines and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, some immune checkpoints potentiate Snail1 expression, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoglobulin 3 (TIM-3). This mini review highlights the pathways and molecules involved in maintenance of Snail1 level and the significance of Snail1 in tumor immune evasion. Due to the crucial role of EMT in tumor metastasis and tumor immunosuppression, comprehensive understanding of Snail1 function may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xue Sui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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24
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Wang J, Du T, Lu Y, Lv Y, Du Y, Wu J, Ma R, Xu C, Feng J. VLX1570 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer cells through modulating ER stress and the AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:108-122. [PMID: 34854221 PMCID: PMC8742231 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) possesses unique functions in tumorigenesis and has great potential for targeting tumours. The effectiveness of inhibitors targeting UPS in solid tumours remains to be studied. We screened a library of inhibitors targeting the ubiquitination system and found the highly potent, low‐concentration inhibitor molecule VLX1570 that specifically killed lung cancer cells. VLX1570 is an inhibitor of deubiquitinating enzyme activity and has also shown potential for preclinical cancer treatment. We found that VLX1570 significantly inhibited lung cancer cells proliferation and colony formation. VLX1570 induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest by downregulating CDK1 and CyclinB1. Moreover, VLX1570 significantly promoted the mitochondrial‐associated apoptosis. Mechanistically speaking, VLX1570 activated the PERK/IRE1/ATF6 pathway and induced ER stress in lung cancer cell lines. The inhibition of ER stress by tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium or 4‐phenylbutyric acid enhanced VLX1570‐induced apoptosis. In addition, VLX1570 treatment led to the inactivation of Akt signalling and inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells by downregulating the Akt pathway. Moreover, combined treatment with VLX1570 and Afatinib or Gefitinib induced synergistic anti‐lung cancer activity. Our present study demonstrated a novel therapy using VLX1570, which inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongde Du
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Lu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxin Xu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
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25
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Shimizu K, Gi M, Suzuki S, North BJ, Watahiki A, Fukumoto S, Asara JM, Tokunaga F, Wei W, Inuzuka H. Interplay between protein acetylation and ubiquitination controls MCL1 protein stability. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109988. [PMID: 34758305 PMCID: PMC8621139 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) protein belongs to the pro-survival BCL2 family and is frequently amplified or elevated in human cancers. MCL1 is highly unstable, with its stability being regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Here, we identify acetylation as another critical post-translational modification regulating MCL1 protein stability. We demonstrate that the lysine acetyltransferase p300 targets MCL1 at K40 for acetylation, which is counteracted by the deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Mechanistically, acetylation enhances MCL1 interaction with USP9X, resulting in deubiquitination and subsequent MCL1 stabilization. Therefore, ectopic expression of acetylation-mimetic MCL1 promotes apoptosis evasion of cancer cells, enhances colony formation potential, and facilitates xenografted tumor progression. We further demonstrate that elevated MCL1 acetylation sensitizes multiple cancer cells to pharmacological inhibition of USP9X. These findings reveal that acetylation of MCL1 is a critical post-translational modification enhancing its oncogenic function and provide a rationale for developing innovative therapeutic strategies for MCL1-dependent tumors. MCL1, an anti-apoptotic BCL2 family protein, is frequently overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and its oncogenic function is finely regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Shimizu et al. dissect the molecular mechanism of acetylation-mediated MCL1 stability control, providing insights into potential therapeutic intervention targeting the MCL1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Brian J North
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Asami Watahiki
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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26
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USP29 coordinates MYC and HIF1α stabilization to promote tumor metabolism and progression. Oncogene 2021; 40:6417-6429. [PMID: 34601505 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the demands of unbridled growth and proliferation. How these metabolic processes are integrated to fuel cancer cell growth remains largely unknown. Deciphering the regulatory mechanisms is vital to develop targeted strategies for tumor-selective therapies. We herein performed an unbiased and functional siRNA screen against 96 deubiquitinases, which play indispensable roles in cancer and are emerging as therapeutic targets, and identified USP29 as a top candidate essential for metabolic reprogramming that support biosynthesis and survival in tumor cells. Integrated metabolic flux analysis and molecular investigation reveal that USP29 directly deubiquitinates and stabilizes MYC and HIF1α, two master regulators of metabolic reprogramming, enabling adaptive response of tumor cells in both normoxia and hypoxia. Systemic knockout of Usp29 depleted MYC and HIF1α in MYC-driven neuroblastoma and B cell lymphoma, inhibited critical metabolic targets and significantly prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Strikingly, mice homozygous null for the Usp29 gene are viable, fertile, and display no gross phenotypic abnormalities. Altogether, these results demonstrate that USP29 selectively coordinates MYC and HIF1α to integrate metabolic processes critical for cancer cell growth, and therapeutic targeting of USP29, a potentially targetable enzyme, could create a unique vulnerability given deregulation of MYC and HIF1α frequently occurs in human cancers.
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27
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Zhang F, Zhao Y, Sun Y. USP2 is an SKP2 deubiquitylase that stabilizes both SKP2 and its substrates. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101109. [PMID: 34425107 PMCID: PMC8446802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of a protein is regulated by a balance between its ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is an oncogenic F-box protein that recognizes tumor suppressor substrates for targeted ubiquitylation by the E3 ligase SKP1-Cullin1-F-box and degradation by proteasome. SKP2 is itself ubiquitylated by the E3 ligases APC/CCDH1 and SCFFBXW2, and deubiquitylated by deubiquitylases (DUBs) USP10 and USP13. Given the biological significance of SKP2, it is likely that the other E3s or DUBs may also regulate its stability. Here, we report the identification and characterization of USP2 as a new DUB. We first screened a panel of DUBs and found that both USP2 and USP21 bound to endogenous SKP2, but only USP2 deubiquitylated and stabilized SKP2 protein. USP2 inactivation via siRNA knockdown or small-molecule inhibitor treatment remarkably shortened SKP2 protein half-life by enhancing its ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation. Unexpectedly, USP2-stabilized SKP2 did not destabilize its substrates p21 and p27. Mechanistically, USP2 bound to SKP2 via the leucine-rich repeat substrate-binding domain on SKP2 to disrupt the SKP2-substrate binding, leading to stabilization of both SKP2 and these substrates. Biologically, growth suppression induced by USP2 knockdown or USP2 inhibitor is partially mediated via modulation of SKP2 and its substrates. Our study revealed a new mechanism of the cross-talk among the E3–DUB substrates and its potential implication in targeting the USP2–SKP2 axis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Zhang
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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28
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Kang H, Choi MC, Kim S, Jeong JY, Kwon AY, Kim TH, Kim G, Joo WD, Park H, Lee C, Song SH, Jung SG, Hwang S, An HJ. USP19 and RPL23 as Candidate Prognostic Markers for Advanced-Stage High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163976. [PMID: 34439131 PMCID: PMC8391231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths among patients with gynecological malignancies worldwide. In order to identify prognostic markers for ovarian cancer, we performed RNA-sequencing and analyzed the transcriptome data from 51 patients who received conventional therapies for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). Patients with early-stage (I or II) HGSC exhibited higher immune gene expression than patients with advanced stage (III or IV) HGSC. In order to predict the prognosis of patients with HGSC, we created machine learning-based models and identified USP19 and RPL23 as candidate prognostic markers. Specifically, patients with lower USP19 mRNA levels and those with higher RPL23 mRNA levels had worse prognoses. This model was then used to analyze the data of patients with HGSC hosted on The Cancer Genome Atlas; this analysis validated the prognostic abilities of these two genes with respect to patient survival. Taken together, the transcriptome profiles of USP19 and RPL23 determined using a machine-learning model could serve as prognostic markers for patients with HGSC receiving conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyoun Kang
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.K.); (S.K.); (A.-Y.K.); (T.-H.K.); (G.K.)
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Min Chul Choi
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (W.D.J.); (H.P.); (C.L.); (S.H.S.); (S.G.J.)
| | - Sewha Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.K.); (S.K.); (A.-Y.K.); (T.-H.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Ju-Yeon Jeong
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Ah-Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.K.); (S.K.); (A.-Y.K.); (T.-H.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Tae-Hoen Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.K.); (S.K.); (A.-Y.K.); (T.-H.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Gwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.K.); (S.K.); (A.-Y.K.); (T.-H.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Won Duk Joo
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (W.D.J.); (H.P.); (C.L.); (S.H.S.); (S.G.J.)
| | - Hyun Park
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (W.D.J.); (H.P.); (C.L.); (S.H.S.); (S.G.J.)
| | - Chan Lee
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (W.D.J.); (H.P.); (C.L.); (S.H.S.); (S.G.J.)
| | - Seung Hun Song
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (W.D.J.); (H.P.); (C.L.); (S.H.S.); (S.G.J.)
| | - Sang Geun Jung
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (W.D.J.); (H.P.); (C.L.); (S.H.S.); (S.G.J.)
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.K.); (S.K.); (A.-Y.K.); (T.-H.K.); (G.K.)
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Pocheon-si 11160, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (H.J.A.); Tel.: +82-317804859 (S.H.); +82-317805045 (H.J.A.)
| | - Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.K.); (S.K.); (A.-Y.K.); (T.-H.K.); (G.K.)
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (H.J.A.); Tel.: +82-317804859 (S.H.); +82-317805045 (H.J.A.)
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Zhao Q, Li Y, Du X, Chen X, Jiao Q, Jiang H. Effects of deubiquitylases on the biological behaviors of neural stem cells. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:847-858. [PMID: 34241974 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New neurons are generated throughout life in distinct regions of the mammalian brain due to the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Ubiquitin, a post-translational modification of cellular proteins, is an important factor in regulating neurogenesis. Deubiquitination is a biochemical process that mediates the removal of ubiquitin moieties from ubiquitin-conjugated substrates. Recent studies have provided growing evidence that deubiquitylases (DUBs) which reverse ubiquitylation process play critical roles in NSCs maintenance, differentiation and maturation. This review mainly focused on the relationship of DUBs and NSCs, and further summarized recent advances in our understanding of DUBs on regulating NSCs biological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Guo JN, Xia BR, Deng SH, Yang C, Pi YN, Cui BB, Jin WL. Deubiquitinating Enzymes Orchestrate the Cancer Stem Cell-Immunosuppressive Niche Dialogue: New Perspectives and Therapeutic Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680100. [PMID: 34179009 PMCID: PMC8220152 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are sparks for igniting tumor recurrence and the instigators of low response to immunotherapy and drug resistance. As one of the important components of tumor microenvironment, the tumor associated immune microenvironment (TAIM) is driving force for the heterogeneity, plasticity and evolution of CSCs. CSCs create the inhibitory TAIM (ITAIM) mainly through four stemness-related signals (SRSs), including Notch-nuclear factor-κB axis, Hedgehog, Wnt and signal transducer and activator of transcription. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in proteins related to the specific stemness of the CSCs have a profound impact on the regulation of ITAIM. In regulating the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination, it is crucial for deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) to cleave ubiquitin chains from substrates. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) comprise the largest family of DUBs. Growing evidence suggests that they play novel functions in contribution of ITAIM, including regulating tumor immunogenicity, activating stem cell factors, upregulating the SRSs, stabilizing anti-inflammatory receptors, and regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. These overactive or abnormal signaling may dampen antitumor immune responses. The inhibition of USPs could play a regulatory role in SRSs and reversing ITAIM, and also have great potential in improving immune killing ability against tumor cells, including CSCs. In this review, we focus on the USPs involved in CSCs signaling pathways and regulating ITAIM, which are promising therapeutic targets in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Rong Xia
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shen-Hui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bin-Bin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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USP47 maintains the stemness of colorectal cancer cells and is inhibited by parthenolide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:21-28. [PMID: 34030041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) are implicated in colorectal tumor initiation, invasion, recurrence and treatment resistance, so elucidation of the mechanism underlying the cancer stem cells induction and development of drugs targeting CCSCs are vital for cancer treatment. Growing evidence shows that dysregulated deubiquitinase (DUBs) expression is frequently associated with stemness and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In the current study, we found that upregulation of USP47 is associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in clinical patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Besides, USP47 was highly expressed in CCSCs enriched by serum-free culture. Further investigation showed that USP47 is closely involved in the maintenance of the stemness of CCSCs. USP47 silencing reduces proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells and suppresses the self-renewal of CCSCs by downregulating the expression of cancer stem cell markers, including CD44, CD133, CD166, OCT4 and NANOG. Furthermore, we identified Parthenolide (PTL), a natural sesquiterpene lactone, as a novel USP47 inhibitor. PTL diminishes CCSCs self-renewal and induces apoptosis of CCSCs. Taken together, our findings highlighted a novel DUB involved in the modulation of CCSCs stemness and the potential of PTL in the CRC treatment by targeting CCSCs as the USP47 inhibitor.
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Ma YS, Liu JB, Wu TM, Fu D. New Therapeutic Options for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820945975. [PMID: 32799550 PMCID: PMC7791453 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820945975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common lethal diseases in the world, has a 5-year survival rate of only 7%. Hepatocellular carcinoma has no symptoms in the early stage but obvious symptoms in the late stage, leading to delayed diagnosis and reduced treatment efficacy. In recent years, as the scope of HCC research has increased in depth, the clinical development and application of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy drugs have brought new breakthroughs in HCC treatment. Targeted therapy drugs for HCC have high specificity, allowing them to selectively kill tumor cells and minimize damage to normal tissues. At present, these targeted drugs are mainly classified into 3 categories: small molecule targeted drugs, HCC antigen-specific targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint targeted drugs. This article reviews the latest research progress on the targeted drugs for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Department of Radiology, 12485The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Ting-Miao Wu
- Department of Radiology, 12485The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Da Fu
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ji J, Yang S, Zu L, Li Y, Li Y. Deubiquitinating enzyme USP41 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1041-1047. [PMID: 33619866 PMCID: PMC8017261 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To reveal the function of deubiquitylating enzyme USP41 in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods The relationship between USP41 and lung cancer was determined by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A549 and H1299 cell lines were transfected with short hairpin RNA against USP41 (shUSP41 group) or negative control (shCon group). Western blotting was used to verify the transfection efficacy and marker expression. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by EdU assay, MTT assay, and flow cytometry after USP41 knockdown. Transwell assay was used to determine the effect of USP41 downregulation on cell migration. Results Analysis of lung cancer data from TCGA database indicated a higher level of USP41 expression in lung cancer tumor tissue compared with that in noncancerous tissue, and USP41 overexpression was correlated with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients (p < 0.01). The outcomes of the EdU, MTT, and flow cytometry assays indicated decreased cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in shUSP41‐transfected cells. Transwell assay further demonstrated that USP41 knockdown increased the migration rate of A549 and H1299 cells. Conclusions In our study, USP41 was overexpressed in lung cancer tissue and associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer. USP41 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and migration and induces cell apoptosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ji
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Province People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Zu
- Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Basar MA, Beck DB, Werner A. Deubiquitylases in developmental ubiquitin signaling and congenital diseases. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:538-556. [PMID: 33335288 PMCID: PMC7862630 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metazoan development from a one-cell zygote to a fully formed organism requires complex cellular differentiation and communication pathways. To coordinate these processes, embryos frequently encode signaling information with the small protein modifier ubiquitin, which is typically attached to lysine residues within substrates. During ubiquitin signaling, a three-step enzymatic cascade modifies specific substrates with topologically unique ubiquitin modifications, which mediate changes in the substrate's stability, activity, localization, or interacting proteins. Ubiquitin signaling is critically regulated by deubiquitylases (DUBs), a class of ~100 human enzymes that oppose the conjugation of ubiquitin. DUBs control many essential cellular functions and various aspects of human physiology and development. Recent genetic studies have identified mutations in several DUBs that cause developmental disorders. Here we review principles controlling DUB activity and substrate recruitment that allow these enzymes to regulate ubiquitin signaling during development. We summarize key mechanisms of how DUBs control embryonic and postnatal differentiation processes, highlight developmental disorders that are caused by mutations in particular DUB members, and describe our current understanding of how these mutations disrupt development. Finally, we discuss how emerging tools from human disease genetics will enable the identification and study of novel congenital disease-causing DUBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Basar
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David B Beck
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Achim Werner
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Liu J, Cheng Y, Zheng M, Yuan B, Wang Z, Li X, Yin J, Ye M, Song Y. Targeting the ubiquitination/deubiquitination process to regulate immune checkpoint pathways. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:28. [PMID: 33479196 PMCID: PMC7819986 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system initiates robust immune responses to defend against invading pathogens or tumor cells and protect the body from damage, thus acting as a fortress of the body. However, excessive responses cause detrimental effects, such as inflammation and autoimmune diseases. To balance the immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis, there are immune checkpoints to terminate overwhelmed immune responses. Pathogens and tumor cells can also exploit immune checkpoint pathways to suppress immune responses, thus escaping immune surveillance. As a consequence, therapeutic antibodies that target immune checkpoints have made great breakthroughs, in particular for cancer treatment. While the overall efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is unsatisfactory since only a small group of patients benefited from ICB treatment. Hence, there is a strong need to search for other targets that improve the efficacy of ICB. Ubiquitination is a highly conserved process which participates in numerous biological activities, including innate and adaptive immunity. A growing body of evidence emphasizes the importance of ubiquitination and its reverse process, deubiquitination, on the regulation of immune responses, providing the rational of simultaneous targeting of immune checkpoints and ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Our review will summarize the latest findings of ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways for anti-tumor immunity, and discuss therapeutic significance of targeting ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways in the future of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Yicheng Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingxiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zimu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingxiang Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China.
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Shi L, Liu J, Peng Y, Zhang J, Dai X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Liu J, Long J. Deubiquitinase OTUD6A promotes proliferation of cancer cells via regulating Drp1 stability and mitochondrial fission. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:3169-3183. [PMID: 33070427 PMCID: PMC7718948 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) is a cytosolic protein responsible for mitochondrial fission and is essential in the initiation and development of several human diseases, including cancer. However, the regulation of Drp1, especially of its ubiquitination, remains unclear. In this study, we report that the ovarian tumor‐associated protease deubiquitinase 6A (OTUD6A) deubiquitylates and stabilizes Drp1, thereby facilitating regulation of mitochondrial morphology and tumorigenesis. OTUD6A is upregulated in human patients with colorectal cancer. The depletion of OTUD6A leads to lower Drp1 levels and suppressed mitochondrial fission, and the affected cells are consequently less prone to tumorigenesis. Conversely, the overexpression of OTUD6A increases Drp1 levels and its protein half‐life and enhances cancer cell growth. Therefore, our results reveal a novel upstream protein of Drp1, and its role in tumorigenesis that is played, in part, through the activation of mitochondrial fission mediated by Drp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangxi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yongyao Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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The functional analysis of Cullin 7 E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:98. [PMID: 33130829 PMCID: PMC7603503 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin (CUL) proteins have critical roles in development and cancer, however few studies on CUL7 have been reported due to its characteristic molecular structure. CUL7 forms a complex with the ROC1 ring finger protein, and only two F-box proteins Fbxw8 and Fbxw11 have been shown to bind to CUL7. Interestingly, CUL7 can interact with its substrates by forming a novel complex that is independent of these two F-box proteins. The biological implications of CUL-ring ligase 7 (CRL7) suggest that the CRL7 may not only perform a proteolytic function but may also play a non-proteolytic role. Among the existing studied CRL7-based E3 ligases, CUL7 exerts both tumor promotion and suppression in a context-dependent manner. Currently, the mechanism of CUL7 in cancer remains unclear, and no studies have addressed potential therapies targeting CUL7. Consistent with the roles of the various CRL7 adaptors exhibit, targeting CRL7 might be an effective strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. We systematically describe the recent major advances in understanding the role of the CUL7 E3 ligase in cancer and further summarize its potential use in clinical therapy.
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Wang L, Li M, Sha B, Hu X, Sun Y, Zhu M, Xu Y, Li P, Wang Y, Guo Y, Li J, Shi J, Li P, Hu T, Chen P. Inhibition of deubiquitination by PR-619 induces apoptosis and autophagy via ubi-protein aggregation-activated ER stress in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12919. [PMID: 33129231 PMCID: PMC7791184 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Targeting the deubiquitinases (DUBs) has become a promising avenue for anti-cancer drug development. However, the effect and mechanism of pan-DUB inhibitor, PR-619, on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells remain to be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of PR-619 on ESCC cell growth and cell cycle was evaluated by CCK-8 and PI staining. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was performed to detect apoptosis. LC3 immunofluorescence and acridine orange staining were applied to examine autophagy. Intercellular Ca2+ concentration was monitored by Fluo-3AM fluorescence. The accumulation of ubi-proteins and the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein and CaMKKβ-AMPK signalling were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS PR-619 could inhibit ESCC cell growth and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin B1 and upregulating p21. Meanwhile, PR-619 led to the accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins, induced ER stress and triggered apoptosis by the ATF4-Noxa axis. Moreover, the ER stress increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ and then stimulated autophagy through Ca2+ -CaMKKβ-AMPK signalling pathway. Ubiquitin E1 inhibitor, PYR-41, could reduce the accumulation of ubi-proteins and alleviate ER stress, G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in PR-619-treated ESCC cells. Furthermore, blocking autophagy by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 enhanced the cell growth inhibition effect and apoptosis induced by PR-619. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal an unrecognized mechanism for the cytotoxic effects of general DUBs inhibitor (PR-619) and imply that targeting DUBs may be a potential anti-ESCC strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhao Wang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Sha
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuanyu Hu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Sun
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingda Zhu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Precision Medicine Center, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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39
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Bi Y, Cui D, Xiong X, Zhao Y. The characteristics and roles of β-TrCP1/2 in carcinogenesis. FEBS J 2020; 288:3351-3374. [PMID: 33021036 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), one of the well-characterized F-box proteins, acts as a substrate receptor and constitutes an active SCFβ-TrCP E3 ligase with a scaffold protein CUL1, a RING protein RBX1, and an adaptor protein SKP1. β-TrCP plays a critical role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle progression, cell migration, DNA damage response, and tumorigenesis, by governing burgeoning amounts of key regulators for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Given that a variety of β-TrCP substrates are well-known oncoproteins and tumor suppressors, and dysregulation of β-TrCP is frequently identified in human cancers, β-TrCP plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. In this review, we first briefly introduce the characteristics of β-TrCP1, β-TrCP2, and SCFβ-TrCP ubiquitin ligase, and then discuss SCFβ-TrCP ubiquitin ligase regulated biological processes by targeting its substrates for degradation. Moreover, we summarize the regulation of β-TrCP1 and β-TrCP2 at multiple layers and further discuss the various roles of β-TrCP1 and β-TrCP2 in human cancer, functioning as either an oncoprotein or a tumor suppressor in a manner dependent of cellular context. Finally, we provide novel insights for future perspectives on the potential of targeting β-TrCP1 and β-TrCP2 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Bi
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danrui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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40
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Li F, Hu Q, He T, Xu J, Yi Y, Xie S, Ding L, Fu M, Guo R, Xiao ZXJ, Niu M. The Deubiquitinase USP4 Stabilizes Twist1 Protein to Promote Lung Cancer Cell Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061582. [PMID: 32549341 PMCID: PMC7352958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in tumor development, drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence of lung cancer. Thus, it is of great importance to study the mechanism by which CSCs are regulated. In this study, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinase USP4 is critically important in promoting lung cancer stemness. Silencing of USP4 leads to reduction of Oct4 and Sox2 expression, decreased CD133+ cell population and inhibition of tumorsphere formation. Conversely, ectopic expression of USP4 significantly enhances lung cancer cell stemness, which is effectively rescued by simultaneous silencing of Twist1. Mechanistically, we identified USP4 as a novel deubiquitinase of Twist1. USP4 binds to, deubiquitinates and stabilizes Twist1 protein. Furthermore, we show that USP4 expression is elevated in human lung cancer specimens and is positively correlated with Twist1 expression. High expression of USP4/Twist1 is associated with poor clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients. Together, this study highlights an important role for USP4 in lung cancer stemness and suggests USP4 as a potential target for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi-Xiong Jim Xiao
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.J.X.); (M.N.); Tel./Fax: +86-28-8541-0034 (Z.-X.J.X.)
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.J.X.); (M.N.); Tel./Fax: +86-28-8541-0034 (Z.-X.J.X.)
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41
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Zhang P, Li C, Li H, Yuan L, Dai H, Peng Z, Deng Z, Chang Z, Cui CP, Zhang L. Ubiquitin ligase CHIP regulates OTUD3 stability and suppresses tumour metastasis in lung cancer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3177-3195. [PMID: 32483383 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian tumour domain-containing protein 3 (OTUD3), a key OTU (ovarian tumour protease) family deubiquitylase, plays context-dependent roles in cancers. It suppresses tumorigenesis in breast, colon, liver and cervical cancer through stabilizing PTEN (phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome 10) while promotes lung tumorigenesis through stabilizing GRP78 (The glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa). The regulation especially post-translational modification of OTUD3 remains unclear. Here, we report that the carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a ubiquitin ligase for OTUD3. CHIP interacts with, polyubiquitylates OTUD3 and promotes OTUD3 degradation. Knockdown of CHIP stabilizes OTUD3 which leads to elevated GRP78 levels in lung cancer cells. CHIP-knockdown lung cancer cells exhibit increased invasion in OTUD3 and GRP78 dependent manner. Further study demonstrates that CHIP-knockdown lung cancer cells are more prone to metastasize to mice lung when injected intravenously or subcutaneously. Moreover, the expression of CHIP is low in human lung cancer tissues and inversely correlates with OTUD3 expression and GRP78 expression. Furthermore, we identified CHIP mutations in human lung cancers, which reduce CHIP catalytic activity. These findings demonstrate that CHIP is a negative regulator of OTUD3 and CHIP suppresses lung cancer metastasis through inhibiting OTUD3-GRP78 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmiao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 100850, Beijing, China.
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42
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Lai KP, Chen J, Tse WKF. Role of Deubiquitinases in Human Cancers: Potential Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072548. [PMID: 32268558 PMCID: PMC7177317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are involved in various cellular functions. They deconjugate ubiquitin (UBQ) from ubiquitylated substrates to regulate their activity and stability. Studies on the roles of deubiquitylation have been conducted in various cancers to identify the carcinogenic roles of DUBs. In this review, we evaluate the biological roles of DUBs in cancer, including proliferation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, the DNA damage response, tumor suppression, oncogenesis, and metastasis. This review mainly focuses on the regulation of different downstream effectors and pathways via biochemical regulation and posttranslational modifications. We summarize the relationship between DUBs and human cancers and discuss the potential of DUBs as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. This review also provides basic knowledge of DUBs in the development of cancers and highlights the importance of DUBs in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Po Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China;
| | - Jian Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (W.K.F.T.); Tel.: +86-773-5895810 (J.C.); +81-92-802-4767 (W.K.F.T.)
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (W.K.F.T.); Tel.: +86-773-5895810 (J.C.); +81-92-802-4767 (W.K.F.T.)
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43
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Liu YZ, Du XX, Zhao QQ, Jiao Q, Jiang H. The expression change of OTUD3-PTEN signaling axis in glioma cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:490. [PMID: 32395534 PMCID: PMC7210146 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background OTU domain-containing protein 3 (OTUD3), as a deubiquitinase (DUB) belonging to the ovarian tumor protease (OTU) family, has been reported to suppress tumor via OTUD3-PTEN signaling axis. Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor with high invasiveness and poor prognosis. Although less than half of the patients have phosphatase and tension homologue deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN) mutations or homozygous deletions, two-thirds of glioma possess diminished PTEN expression. Hence, it is conceivable that other obscure mechanisms may cause the decreased expression of the PTEN protein. Methods OTUD3 expression was assessed in human normal and glioma tissues at The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (https://www.cancer.gov/) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database (https://commonfund.nih.gov/GTex). The mRNA levels of OTUD3 in C6 cells and primary astrocytes were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Western blot was performed to assay PTEN and OTUD3 protein expression in C6 cells and primary astrocytes. By generating Kaplan-Meier curves, we predicted the association between OTUD3 expression and prognosis in glioma patients. Results (I) OTUD3 transcription was markedly downregulated in glioma based on microarray data for gene expression between human gliomas and normal brain samples. (II) The mRNA levels of OTUD3 in C6 cells was significantly lower than that of in primary astrocytes. (III) The expressions of protein PTEN and OTUD3 in C6 cells were significantly decreased when compared with primary astrocytes. (IV) Glioma patients with high expression of OTUD3 had a longer survival time than patients with low expression. Conclusions Our present findings demonstrated that low expression of OTUD3 in glioma may be involved in PTEN related glioma and may contribute to patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi-Xun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qi-Qi Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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44
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Reavis HD, Drapkin R. The tubal epigenome - An emerging target for ovarian cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107524. [PMID: 32197795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. The mortality of this disease is primarily attributed to challenges in early detection and therapeutic resistance. Recent studies indicate that the majority of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) originate from aberrant fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells. This shift in thinking about ovarian cancer pathogenesis has been met with an effort to identify the early genetic and epigenetic changes that underlie the transformation of normal FTE cells and prompt them to migrate and colonize the ovary, ultimately giving rise to aggressive HGSC. While identification of these early changes is important for biomarker discovery, the emergence of epigenetic alterations in FTE chromatin may also provide new opportunities for early detection, prevention, and therapeutic intervention. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding early epigenetic reprogramming that precedes HGSC tumor development, the way that these alterations affect both intrinsic and extrinsic tumor properties, and how the epigenome may be targeted to thwart HGSC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter D Reavis
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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45
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Deng J, Liang L, Yi H, Su T, Yang Z, Nie L, Liu J. USP7 inhibition inhibits proliferation and induces megakaryocytic differentiation in MDS cells by upregulating gelsolin. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:418-429. [PMID: 32130729 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a largely incurable hematological malignancy, is driven by complex genetic and epigenetic alterations from an aberrant clone of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) has been demonstrated to have an important oncogenic role in the development of several cancer types, but its role in MDS is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that USP7 expression is elevated in MDS cell lines and patient samples. The USP7-selective small-molecule inhibitors P5091 and P22077 inhibited cell proliferation and induced megakaryocytic differentiation in both cell lines and primary cells. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of USP7 markedly suppressed the growth of MDS cell lines in xenograft mouse models. To explore the mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypic changes, we employed RNA-seq to compare the differences in genes after USP7 inhibitor treatment and found that gelsolin (GSN) expression was increased significantly after USP7 inhibitor treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of GSN attenuated the proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and megakaryocyte differentiation induced by USP7 inhibitors in MDS cells. Collectively, our findings identify previously unknown roles of USP7 and suggest that the USP7/GSN axis may be a potential therapeutic target in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Deng
- Hematology Department, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University
| | - Long Liang
- Hematology Department, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University
| | - Hui Yi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University
| | - Tao Su
- Hematology Department, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Zhou Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Hematology Department, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Jing Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University
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