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Cai M, Wan J, Cai K, Li S, Du X, Song H, Sun W, Hu J. The mitochondrial quality control system: a new target for exercise therapeutic intervention in the treatment of brain insulin resistance-induced neurodegeneration in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:749-763. [PMID: 38379083 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health concern because of its strong association with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases such as diabetes, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, brain insulin resistance in obesity is likely to lead to neuroplasticity deficits. Since the evidence shows that insulin resistance in brain regions abundant in insulin receptors significantly alters mitochondrial efficiency and function, strategies targeting the mitochondrial quality control system may be of therapeutic and practical value in obesity-induced cognitive decline. Exercise is considered as a powerful stimulant of mitochondria that improves insulin sensitivity and enhances neuroplasticity. It has great potential as a non-pharmacological intervention against the onset and progression of obesity associated neurodegeneration. Here, we integrate the current knowledge of the mechanisms of neurodegenration in obesity and focus on brain insulin resistance to explain the relationship between the impairment of neuronal plasticity and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge was synthesised to explore the exercise paradigm as a feasible intervention for obese neurodegenration in terms of improving brain insulin signals and regulating the mitochondrial quality control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Jinshan District Central Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Keren Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xinlin Du
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Wanju Sun
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
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Mazzoli A, Spagnuolo MS, De Palma F, Petecca N, Di Porzio A, Barrella V, Troise AD, Culurciello R, De Pascale S, Scaloni A, Mauriello G, Iossa S, Cigliano L. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 relieves inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy in hippocampus of western diet-fed rats by modulation of systemic inflammation. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38801155 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of western diets, high in fats and sugars, is a crucial contributor to brain molecular alterations, cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, a mandatory challenge is the individuation of strategies capable of preventing diet-induced impairment of brain physiology. A promising strategy might consist in the administration of probiotics that are known to influence brain function via the gut-brain axis. In this study, we explored whether Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri)-based approach can counteract diet-induced neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and autophagy in hippocampus, an area involved in learning and memory, in rat fed a high fat and fructose diet. The western diet induced a microbiota reshaping, but L. reuteri neither modulated this change, nor the plasma levels of short-chain fatty acids. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory signaling pathway activation (increased NFkB phosphorylation, raised amounts of toll-like receptor-4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, GFAP, and Haptoglobin), as well as activation of ERS (increased PERK and eif2α phosphorylation, higher C/EBP-homologous protein amounts) and autophagy (increased beclin, P62-sequestosome-1, and LC3 II) was revealed in hippocampus of western diet fed rats. All these hippocampal alterations were prevented by L. reuteri administration, showing for the first time a neuroprotective role of this specific probiotic strain, mainly attributable to its ability to regulate western diet-induced metabolic endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, as decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide, plasma cytokines, and adipokines were also found. Therapeutic strategies based on the use of L. reuteri DSM17938 could be beneficial in reversing metabolic syndrome-mediated brain dysfunction and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Francesca De Palma
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Natasha Petecca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Di Porzio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Barrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Rosanna Culurciello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina De Pascale
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mauriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Braunstein PW, Horovitz DJ, Hampton AM, Hollis F, Newman LA, Enos RT, McQuail JA. Daily fluctuations in blood glucose with normal aging are inversely related to hippocampal synaptic mitochondrial proteins. AGING BRAIN 2024; 5:100116. [PMID: 38596458 PMCID: PMC11002859 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2024.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective brain glucose utilization is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) while Type II diabetes and elevated blood glucose escalate the risk for AD in later life. Isolating contributions of normal aging from coincident metabolic or brain diseases could lead to refined approaches to manage specific health risks and optimize treatments targeted to susceptible older individuals. We evaluated metabolic, neuroendocrine, and neurobiological differences between young adult (6 months) and aged (24 months) male rats. Compared to young adults, blood glucose was significantly greater in aged rats at the start of the dark phase of the day but not during the light phase. When challenged with physical restraint, a potent stressor, aged rats effected no change in blood glucose whereas blood glucose increased in young adults. Tissues were evaluated for markers of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), neuronal glucose transport, and synapses. Outright differences in protein levels between age groups were not evident, but circadian blood glucose was inversely related to OXPHOS proteins in hippocampal synaptosomes, independent of age. The neuronal glucose transporter, GLUT3, was positively associated with circadian blood glucose in young adults whereas aged rats tended to show the opposite trend. Our data demonstrate aging increases daily fluctuations in blood glucose and, at the level of individual differences, negatively associates with proteins related to synaptic OXPHOS. Our findings imply that glucose dyshomeostasis may exacerbate metabolic aspects of synaptic dysfunction that contribute to risk for age-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Braunstein
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - David J. Horovitz
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Fiona Hollis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lori A. Newman
- Department of Psychological Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | - Reilly T. Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Joseph A. McQuail
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Lei Y, Chen Y, Zhang S, Wang W, Zheng M, Zhang R. Qingzhuan dark tea Theabrownin alleviates hippocampal injury in HFD-induced obese mice through the MARK4/NLRP3 pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26923. [PMID: 38455533 PMCID: PMC10918207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Feeding on a high-fat diet (HFD) results in obesity and chronic inflammation, which may have long-term effects on neuroinflammation and hippocampal injury. Theabrownin, a biologically active compound derived from the microbial fermentation of Qingzhuan dark tea, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and lipid-lowering effects. Nevertheless, its potential in neuroprotection has yet to be investigated. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Theabrownin extracted from Qingzhuan dark tea, as well as its potential therapeutic mechanisms. Methods Male C57 mice were subjected to an 8-week HFD to induce obesity, followed by oral administration of Theabrownin from Qingzhuan dark tea. Lipid levels were detected by Elisa kit, hippocampal morphological damage was evaluated by HE and Nissl staining, and the expression levels of GFAP, IBA1, NLRP3, MARK4, and BAX in the hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence (IF), and protein expression levels of NLRP3, MARK4, PSD95, SYN1, SYP, and Bcl-2 were detected by Western Blot (WB). Results Theabrownin treatment from Qingzhuan dark tea prevents alterations in body weight and lipid levels in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, Theabrownin decreased hippocampal morphological damage and reduced the activation of astrocytes and microglia in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, Theabrownin decreased the expression of MARK4 and NLRP3 in HFD-fed mice. Besides, Theabrownin elevated the expression of PSD95, SYN1, and SYP in HFD-fed obese mice. Finally, Theabrownin prevented neuronal apoptosis, reduced the expression of BAX, and increased the expression of Bcl-2 in HFD-fed obese mice. Conclusions In summary, our current study presents the first demonstration of the effective protective effect of Theabrownin from Qingzhuan dark tea against HFD-induced hippocampal damage in obese mice. This protection may result from the regulation of the MARK4/NLRP3 signaling pathway, subsequently inhibiting neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
- Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
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Qi S, Liu X, Yu J, Liang Z, Liu Y, Wang X. Temporally interfering electric fields brain stimulation in primary motor cortex of mice promotes motor skill through enhancing neuroplasticity. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:245-257. [PMID: 38428583 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal interference (TI) electric field brain stimulation is a novel neuromodulation technique that enables the non-invasive modulation of deep brain regions, but few advances about TI stimulation effectiveness and mechanisms have been reported. Conventional transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can enhance motor skills, whether TI stimulation has an effect on motor skills in mice has not been elucidated. In the present study, TI stimulation was proved to stimulating noninvasively primary motor cortex (M1) of mice, and that TI stimulation with an envelope wave frequency of 20 Hz (Δ f = 20 Hz) once a day for 20 min for 7 consecutive days significantly improved the motor skills of mice. The mechanism of action may be related to regulating of neurotransmitter metabolism, increasing the expression of synapse-related proteins, promoting neurotransmitter release, increasing dendritic spine density, enhancing the number of synaptic vesicles and the thickness of postsynaptic dense material, and ultimately enhance neuronal excitability and plasticity. It is the first report about TI stimulation promoting motor skills of mice and describing its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; School of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Kouba BR, de Araujo Borba L, Borges de Souza P, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in Major Depressive Disorder: From Etiology to Potential Pharmacological Targets. Cells 2024; 13:423. [PMID: 38474387 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of central and peripheral inflammation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been demonstrated. The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) in individuals with depression may elicit neuroinflammatory processes and peripheral inflammation, mechanisms that, in turn, can contribute to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis induce alterations in tryptophan metabolism, culminating in decreased serotonin synthesis, impairments in neuroplasticity-related mechanisms, and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. This review aims to highlight the inflammatory mechanisms (neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, and gut dysbiosis) involved in the pathophysiology of MDD and to explore novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for this psychiatric disturbance. Several lines of evidence have indicated that in addition to antidepressants, physical exercise, probiotics, and nutraceuticals (agmatine, ascorbic acid, and vitamin D) possess anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to their antidepressant properties. Further studies are necessary to explore the therapeutic benefits of these alternative therapies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Kouba
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura de Araujo Borba
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Pedro Borges de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Machado MPR, Gama LA, Beckmann APS, Pinto LA, de Miranda JRDA, Marques RG, Américo MF. Gastric plication surgery changes gastrointestinal and metabolic parameters in an obesity-induced high-fat diet model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14717. [PMID: 37994287 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity treatment includes less invasive procedures such as gastric plication (GP) surgery; however, its effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility parameters are underestimated. We aimed to verify the metabolic and gastrointestinal effects of GP surgery in the rat obesity model. METHODS A high-fat diet-induced obesity was used. Animals were allocated to four experimental groups: control sham (n = 6); control GP (n = 10); obese sham (n = 6); and obese GP (n = 10). Nutritional and murinometric parameters, gastric motility, glucose tolerance, histopathology, fat depots, leptin, and lipoproteins levels were evaluated 30 days after surgery. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by post Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test. KEY RESULTS Gastric plication decreased leptin levels, feed efficiency, and body weight gain. GP does not improve lipid profile in obese animals and however, ameliorates glucose tolerance in control and obese rats. GP did not improve the gastric emptying time or normalize the frequency of contractions disturbed by obesity. Surgery provides a remodeling process in the mucosa and muscularis mucosa layers, evidenced by leukocyte infiltration mainly in the mucosa layer. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our study revealed the influence of the gastrointestinal tract on obesity is underestimated with pieces of evidence pointing out its important role as a target for surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pirani Rocha Machado
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
- Araguaia Valley University Center (UNIVAR), Barra do Garças, Brazil
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Tüfekci KK, Tatar M, Terzi F, Bakirhan EG. An investigation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity exposure in the prenatal period. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 134:102348. [PMID: 37858742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to maternal obesity has been shown to make offspring more prone to cognitive and metabolic disorders later in life. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the fetal programming process is remarkable. ER stress can be activated by many chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the role of ER stress caused by maternal diet-induced obesity in the offspring hippocampus. We also evaluated the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against ER stress. METHODS A rat obesity model was created by providing a high-fat (60 % kcal) diet. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was administered at a dosage of 150 mg/kg via the intragastric route. The animals were mated at the age of 12 weeks. The same diet was maintained during pregnancy and lactation. The experiment was terminated on the postnatal 28th day, and the offspring's brain tissues were examined. Immunohistochemical staining for ER stress markers was performed on sections taken from tissues after routine histological procedures. RESULTS The results revealed increased GRP78, PERK, and eIF2α immunoreactivities in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) regions in the obese group offspring, while the expression of those markers in those regions normalized with NAC supplementation (p < 0.01). Statistical analysis of XBP1 immunoreactivity H-scores revealed no difference between the study groups (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION These results suggest that exposure to obesity during the prenatal period may cause increased ER stress in hippocampal neurons, which have an important role in the regulation of learning, memory and behavior, and this may contribute to decreased cognitive performance. On the other hand, NAC stands out as an effective agent that can counteract hippocampal ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Kübra Tüfekci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Turkiye.
| | - Musa Tatar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Turkiye
| | - Funda Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Turkiye
| | - Elfide Gizem Bakirhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Turkiye
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Cheng C, Zhang S, Gong Y, Wang X, Tang S, Wan J, Ding K, Yuan C, Sun W, Yao LH. Cordycepin inhibits myogenesis via activating the ERK1/2 MAPK signalling pathway in C2C12 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115163. [PMID: 37453196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin (with a molecular formula of C10H13N5O3), a natural adenosine isolated from Cordyceps militaris, has an important regulatory effect on skeletal muscle remodelling and quality maintenance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cordycepin on myoblast differentiation and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of this effect. Our results showed that cordycepin inhibited myogenesis by downregulating myogenic differentiation (MyoD) and myogenin (MyoG), preserved undifferentiated reserve cell pools by upregulating myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) and retinoblastoma-like protein p130 (p130), and enhanced energy reserves by decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial mass, and ATP content. The effect of cordycepin on myogenesis was associated with increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2). PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of p-ERK1/2) attenuated the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on C2C12 differentiation. The present study reveals that cordycepin inhibits myogenesis through ERK1/2 MAPK signalling activation accompanied by an increase in skeletal muscle energy reserves and improving skeletal muscle oxidative stress, which may have implications for its further application for the prevention and treatment of degenerative muscle diseases caused by the depletion of depleted muscle stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Cheng
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Yanchun Gong
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China; School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Shan Tang
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Juan Wan
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Kaizhi Ding
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Yao
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China; School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China.
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Shabab S, Mahmoudabady M, Hosseini M, Gholamnezhad Z, Fouladi M, Asghari AA. The effects of endurance exercise and metformin on memory impairment caused by diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023:hmbci-2022-0061. [PMID: 36751729 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes has a negative effect on learning and memory performance, and it is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and dementia development. The present study aims to investigate the effects of two kinds of endurance exercise including high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) as well as metformin on impaired memory and learning related to streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats. METHODS Forty adult male rats (250 ± 20 g weight) were divided into five groups (n=8), including control, diabetic, as well as diabetic rats treated with metformin (300 mg/kg), and HIIT (20 m/min), and MICT (15 m/min) exercises. Diabetes was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Serum glucose concentration and oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, thiol, and MDA) in the cortex and hippocampus were determined by colorimetric assay. Behavioral tests were performed with a passive avoidance test. RESULTS The diabetic groups treated with metformin and both HIIT, and MICT exercises improved the latency and the staying time in the darkroom and lightroom. The entrance frequency into the darkroom also was restored (p<0.01-p<0.001). In both HIIT and MICT exercises as well as metformin groups the oxidative stress induced by diabetes has been reversed and attenuation of the serum glucose level has been observed compared to non-treated diabetic ones (p<0.05-p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study revealed both HIIT and MICT exercises had protective effects against oxidative stress and behavioral impairments induced by diabetes and these effects were comparable to the effects of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahtab Fouladi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Asghari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Marcos JL, Olivares-Barraza R, Ceballo K, Wastavino M, Ortiz V, Riquelme J, Martínez-Pinto J, Muñoz P, Cruz G, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Obesogenic Diet-Induced Neuroinflammation: A Pathological Link between Hedonic and Homeostatic Control of Food Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021468. [PMID: 36674982 PMCID: PMC9866213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced neuroinflammation is a chronic aseptic central nervous system inflammation that presents systemic characteristics associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) and the presence of microglia and reactive astrogliosis as well as the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The obesity pandemic is associated with lifestyle changes, including an excessive intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH), lateral septum (LS), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been implicated in the homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. In this context, a chronic lipid intake triggers neuroinflammation in several brain regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. This review aims to present the background defining the significant impact of neuroinflammation and how this, when induced by an obesogenic diet, can affect feeding control, triggering metabolic and neurological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Marcos
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Veterinarias, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Rossy Olivares-Barraza
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Karina Ceballo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Melisa Wastavino
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Víctor Ortiz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Julio Riquelme
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-32-2508050
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Dietary Thymoquinone Alone or Combined with Swimming Exercise Protect against Microcystin-LR-Induced Oxidative Injury in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:5643861. [PMID: 36874614 PMCID: PMC9977520 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5643861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) is the most abundant cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. It induces potent cytotoxicity through oxidative stress and DNA damage. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural nutraceutical antioxidant derived from black cumin (Nigella sativa). Physical exercise (EX) improves whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, this study examined the protective role of swimming exercise and TQ against MC-induced toxicity in mice. Fifty-six healthy adult male albino mice (25-30 g) were randomized into seven groups; group (I) was the negative control and received oral physiological saline for 21 days; group (II) received water EX for 30 min daily; group (III) was intraperitoneally injected with TQ (5 mg/kg daily, for 21 days); group (IV) was intraperitoneally administered MC (10 μg/kg daily, for 14 days) and acted as the positive toxic control; group (V) was treated with MC and water EX; group (VI) was injected with MC and TQ; finally, group (VII) was treated with MC with TQ and water EX. In comparison with the control group, the results showed hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicity in the MCLR-treated group, indicated by a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), urea, creatinine, interleukin-6, interleukin -1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. In addition, there were significant elevations (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hepatic, cardiac, and renal tissues. Treatment with either TQ or water EX significantly improved (p < 0.05) the MC-induced toxicity with superiority of the TQ group in the restoration of normal ranges; however, cotreatment with both TQ and swimming EX showed the most improvement and restoration to normal ranges as a result of increasing EX clinical efficacy by TQ.
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ChemR23 signaling ameliorates cognitive impairments in diabetic mice via dampening oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102554. [PMID: 36446229 PMCID: PMC9703827 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive impairment characterized by memory loss and cognitive inflexibility. Recent studies have revealed that ChemR23 is implicated in both diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. However, the impact of ChemR23 on diabetes-associated cognitive impairment remains elusive. In this study, we explored the longitudinal changes of ChemR23 expression and cognitive function in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice and leptin receptor knockout type 2 diabetic mice at different ages. We also treated diabetic mice with ChemR23 agonists RvE1 or chemerin-9 to explore whether ChemR23 activation could alleviate diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. The underlying mechanism was further investigated in diabetic mice with genetic deletion of ChemR23. The results showed that ChemR23 expression was decreased along with aging and the progression of diabetes, suggesting that abnormal ChemR23 signaling may be involved in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. Administration of RvE1 or chemerin-9 ameliorated oxidative stress and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation through Nrf2/TXNIP pathway, and ultimately alleviated cognitive impairment in diabetic mice. Depletion of ChemR23 in diabetic mice abolished the beneficial effects of RvE1 and chemerin-9, and exacerbated cognitive impairment via increasing oxidative stress and activating NLRP3 inflammasome. Collectively, our data highlight the crucial role of ChemR23 signaling in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment via regulating oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome, and targeting ChemR23 may serve as a promising novel strategy for the treatment of diabetes-associated cognitive impairment.
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14
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Dietary vitamin B6 restriction aggravates neurodegeneration in mice fed a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2022; 309:121041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Melatonin treatment improves cognitive deficits by altering inflammatory and neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus of obese mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113919. [PMID: 35858673 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia and cognitive deficits. Neuroinflammation is one of the most important mechanisms behind cognitive impairment in obese patients. In recent years, the neuroendocrine hormone melatonin has been suggested to have therapeutic effects for memory decline in several neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions. However, the effects of melatonin on cognitive function under obesity conditions still need to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to determine whether melatonin treatment can improve cognitive impairment in obese mice. To this end, male C57BL6 mice were treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks to induce obesity. The animal received melatonin for 8 weeks. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the Y maze, object recognition test, and the Morris water maze. We measured inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17A, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of obese mice. Our results show that HFD-induced obesity significantly impaired working, spatial and recognition memory by increasing IFN-γ and IL-17A and decreasing BDNF levels in the hippocampus of mice. On the other hand, melatonin treatment effectively improved all cognitive impairments and reduced TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A and elevated BDNF levels in the hippocampus of obese mice. Taken together, this study suggests that melatonin treatment could have a beneficial role in the treatment of cognitive impairment in obesity.
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Squizani S, Jantsch J, Rodrigues FDS, Braga MF, Eller S, de Oliveira TF, Silveira AK, Moreira JCF, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Zinc Supplementation Partially Decreases the Harmful Effects of a Cafeteria Diet in Rats but Does Not Prevent Intestinal Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:3921. [PMID: 36235574 PMCID: PMC9571896 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis and may modulate neurological impairment related to obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zn supplementation on the intestinal microbiota, fatty acid profile, and neurofunctional parameters in obese male Wistar rats. Rats were fed a cafeteria diet (CAF), composed of ultra-processed and highly caloric and palatable foods, for 20 weeks to induce obesity. From week 16, Zn supplementation was started (10 mg/kg/day). At the end of the experiment, we evaluated the colon morphology, composition of gut microbiota, intestinal fatty acids, integrity of the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and neuroplasticity markers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Obese rats showed dysbiosis, morphological changes, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) reduction, and increased saturated fatty acids in the colon. BBB may also be compromised in CAF-fed animals, as claudin-5 expression is reduced in the cerebral cortex. In addition, synaptophysin was decreased in the hippocampus, which may affect synaptic function. Our findings showed that Zn could not protect obese animals from intestinal dysbiosis. However, an increase in acetate levels was observed, which suggests a partial beneficial effect of Zn. Thus, Zn supplementation may not be sufficient to protect from obesity-related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Squizani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Matheus Filipe Braga
- Acadêmico do Curso de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giovenardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
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Hu S, Wan X, Li X, Wang X. Aerobic exercise alleviates pyroptosis-related diseases by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:965366. [PMID: 36187801 PMCID: PMC9520335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.965366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis plays a crucial role in a variety of human diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease, which usually release pyroptosis-related cytokines due to inflammation. Many studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise is a good option for decreasing the release of pyroptosis-related cytokines. However, the molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise on pyroptosis-related diseases remain unknown. In this review, the effects of aerobic exercise on pyroptosis in endothelial cells, adipocytes and hippocampal cells, and their potential mechanisms are summarized. In endothelial cells, aerobic exercise could inhibit NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by improving the endothelial function, while reducing vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. In adipocytes, aerobic exercise has been shown to inhibit pyroptosis by ameliorating inflammation and insulin resistance. Moreover, aerobic exercise could restrict pyroptosis by attenuating microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and amyloid-beta deposition in hippocampal cells. In summary, aerobic exercise alleviates the pyroptosis-related diseases by regulating the NLRP3 inflammation si0067naling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Hu
- School of Education and Physical Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Physical Education and Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Xingxia Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xianwang Wang,
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18
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Exercise Improves Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function in White Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091689. [PMID: 36139762 PMCID: PMC9495527 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has beneficial effects on energy balance and also improves metabolic health independently of weight loss. Adipose tissue function is a critical denominator of a healthy metabolism but the adaptation of adipocytes in response to exercise is insufficiently well understood. We have previously shown that one aerobic exercise session was associated with increased expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes in white adipose tissue (WAT). In the present study, we evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on WAT redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Adult male Wistar rats were separated into two groups: a control group that did not exercise and a group that performed running exercise sessions on a treadmill for 30 min, 5 days per week for 9 weeks. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzyme activities, mitochondrial function, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and proteins related to DNA damage response were analyzed. In WAT from the exercise group, we found higher mitochondrial respiration in states I, II, and III of Complex I and Complex II, followed by an increase in ATP production, and the ROS/ATP ratio when compared to tissues from control rats. Regarding redox homeostasis, NADPH oxidase activity, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation levels were lower in WAT from the exercise group when compared to control tissues. Moreover, antioxidant enzymatic activity, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, and total nuclear factor erythroid-2, like-2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) protein levels were higher in the exercise group compared to control. Finally, we found that exercise reduced the phosphorylation levels of H2AX histone (γH2AX), a central protein that contributes to genome stability through the signaling of DNA damage. In conclusion, our results show that chronic exercise modulates redox homeostasis in WAT, improving antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial function. This hormetic remodeling of adipocyte redox balance points to improved adipocyte health and seems to be directly associated with the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Tomiga Y, Higaki Y, Anzai K, Takahashi H. Behavioral defects and downregulation of hippocampal BDNF and nNOS expression in db/db mice did not improved by chronic TGF-β2 treatment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:969480. [PMID: 36091357 PMCID: PMC9452698 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.969480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a link between diabetes and mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Although peripheral or central inflammation may explain this link, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood and few effective treatments for diabetes or mood disorders are available. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, an anti-inflammatory substance, might represent a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes-related mood behaviors. TGF-β2 expression in the hippocampus is affected by anxiolytic drugs and stress exposure, it is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is as an exercise-induced physiological adipokine that regulates glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that a chronic TGF-β2 infusion would ameliorate diabetes-related glucose intolerance and mood dysregulation. To determine the effects of the chronic administration of TGF-β2 on diabetes, we implanted osmotic pumps containing TGF-β2 into type 2 diabetic mice (db/db mice), and age-matched non-diabetic control wild type mice and db/db mice were infused with vehicle (PBS), for 12 consecutive days. To assess anxiety-like behaviors and glucose homeostasis, the mice underwent elevated plus maze testing and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing. Hippocampal and perigonadal visceral white adipose tissue perigonadal white adipose tissue samples were obtained 12 days later. Contrary to our hypothesis, TGF-β2 infusion had no effect on diabetes-related glucose intolerance or diabetes-related behavioral defects, such as inactivity. In db/db mice, the expression of inflammatory markers was high in pgWAT, but not in the hippocampus, and the former was ameliorated by TGF-β2 infusion. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, important regulators of anxiety-like behaviors, was low in db/db mice, but TGF-β2 infusion did not affect their expression. We conclude that although TGF-β2 reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the adipose tissue of diabetic mice, it does not ameliorate their obesity or mood dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tomiga
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuki Tomiga,
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
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Wang S, Ning J, Huai J, Yang H. Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy-Associated Oxidative Stress Augments Altered Placental Glucose Transporter 1 Trafficking via AMPKα/p38MAPK Signaling Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158572. [PMID: 35955706 PMCID: PMC9369398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GLUT1, being a ubiquitous transporter isoform, is considered primarily responsible for glucose uptake during glycolysis. However, there is still uncertainty about the regulatory mechanisms of GLUT1 in hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP, PGDM, and GDM) accompanied by abnormal oxidative stress responses. In the present study, it was observed that the glycolysis was enhanced in GDM and PGDM pregnancies. In line with this, the antioxidant system was disturbed and GLUT1 expression was increased due to diabetes impairment in both placental tissues and in vitro BeWo cells. GLUT1 responded to high glucose stimulation through p38MAPK in an AMPKα-dependent manner. Both the medical-mediated and genetic depletion of p38MAPK in BeWo cells could suppress GLUT1 expression and OS-induced proapoptotic effects. Furthermore, blocking AMPKα with an inhibitor or siRNA strategy promoted p38MAPK, GLUT1, and proapoptotic molecules expression and vice versa. In general, a new GLUT1 regulation pathway was identified, which could exert effects on placental transport function through the AMPKα-p38MAPK pathway. AMPKα may be a therapeutic target in HIP for alleviating diabetes insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jing Huai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Innate and adaptive immunity are essential for neurodevelopment and central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis; however, the fragile equilibrium between immune and brain cells can be disturbed by any immune dysregulation and cause detrimental effects. Accumulating evidence indicates that, despite the blood-brain barrier (BBB), overactivation of the immune system leads to brain vulnerability that increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly upon subsequent exposure later in life. Disruption of microglial function in later life can be triggered by various environmental and psychological factors, including obesity-driven chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Increased visceral adiposity has been recognized as an important risk factor for multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. The review aims to present our current understanding of the topic.
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22
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Yang P, Xiao L, Zhao F, He W, Zhang G, Tang Y, Chen Y, Cheng Q, He Y. Effects of Naltrexone on Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Proteins in Liver Steatosis Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:6572499. [PMID: 35685666 PMCID: PMC9168111 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6572499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of naltrexone on the expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins in liver steatosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Thirty inbred mice (C57BL/6J) were divided into three groups: group A (normal control group), group B (model control), and group C (naltrexone group). The male mice in group A were fed a regular diet, and the mice in groups B and C were fed a high-fat diet. Liver steatosis was observed by histopathological sections. Mouse liver (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and triglyceride (TC)) content (glucose regulatory protein (GRP78), endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein kinase-1α (IRE-1α), C/EBP source protein (CHOP), cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme 12 (caspase-12), B lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and cell death mediator (Bim)) was detected. Compared with group A, bodyweight, fat weight, ALT, TG, and hepatic steatosis were significantly increased in B and C groups (P < 0.05); compared with group B, group C showed a significant decrease in bodyweight, fat weight, ALT, TG, and hepatic steatosis (P < 0.05). Compared with group A, the expression levels of GRP78, IRE-1α, CHOP, caspase-12, and Bim in liver tissue of groups B and C mice were increased. Bcl-2 decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with group B and group C after naltrexone intervention, the expression levels of GRP78, IRE-1α, CHOP, caspase-12, and Bim decreased significantly, and Bcl-2 increased significantly (P < 0.05). Naltrexone can effectively reduce bodyweight and adipose tissue accumulation, reduce liver fat lesions, improve the expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduce liver lipid synthesis, and protect liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, China
| | - Leyao Xiao
- School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, China
| | - Wei He
- Clinical College of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, China
| | - Guijuan Zhang
- Clinical College of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, China
| | - Yongjing Tang
- Clinical College of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, China
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, China
| | - Qijiao Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, China
| | - Yihuai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, China
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23
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Ajoolabady A, Liu S, Klionsky DJ, Lip GYH, Tuomilehto J, Kavalakatt S, Pereira DM, Samali A, Ren J. ER stress in obesity pathogenesis and management. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:97-109. [PMID: 34893351 PMCID: PMC8796296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the unprecedented global pandemic of obesity, a better understanding of the etiology of adiposity will be necessary to ensure effective management of obesity and related complications. Among the various potential factors contributing to obesity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress refers to a state of excessive protein unfolding or misfolding that is commonly found in metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance (IR), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, although its role in obesogenesis remains controversial. ER stress is thought to drive adiposity by dampening energy expenditure, making ER stress a likely therapeutic target for the management of obesity. We summarize the role of ER stress and the ER stress response in the onset and development of obesity, and discuss the underlying mechanisms involved with a view to identifying novel therapeutic strategies for obesity prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Surgery and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Liverpool Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sina Kavalakatt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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24
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Li B, Cheng X, Aierken A, Du J, He W, Zhang M, Tan N, Kou Z, Peng S, Jia W, Tang H, Hua J. Melatonin Promotes the Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating TGF-β Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:722365. [PMID: 34722505 PMCID: PMC8554153 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.722365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant evidence proves the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, the problems have not been solved that viability of ADMSCs were inconsistent and the cells quickly undergo senescence after in vitro cell culture. In addition, the therapeutic effect of ADMSCs is still not satisfactory. In this study, melatonin (MLT) was added to canine ADMSC culture medium, and the treated cells were used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our research reveals that adding MLT to ADMSC culture medium can promote the viability of ADMSCs. This effect depends on the binding of MLT and MLT receptors, which activates the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway and then changes the cell cycle of ADMSCs and improves the viability of ADMSCs. Since ADMSCs were found to be used to treat T2DM by anti-inflammatory and anti-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress capabilities, our data demonstrate that MLT augment several effects of ADMSCs in remission hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and liver glycogen metabolism in T2DM patients. This suggest that ADMSCs and MLT-ADMSCs is safe and vabulable for pet clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balun Li
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xuedi Cheng
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Aili Aierken
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiaxin Du
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Xianyang, China.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenlai He
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zheng Kou
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Shanghai East Hospital, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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25
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SOZEN E, DEMIREL-YALCINER T, ECE A, ISMICOGLU A, KARTAL ÖZER N. Effect of High Cholesterol Diet and α-Tocopherol Supplementation on Endoplasmic Retüculum Stress and Apoptosis in Hippocampus Tissue. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.972222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Interactions between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy: Implications for Apoptosis and Neuroplasticity-Related Proteins in Palmitic Acid-Treated Prefrontal Cells. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8851327. [PMID: 34646319 PMCID: PMC8505096 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8851327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity of palmitic acid (PA) or high-fat diets has been reported to increase endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in peripheral tissue as well as apoptotic cell death. It also can lead to an AD-like pathological pattern. However, it has been unknown that PA-induced ER stress and autophagy are involved in the regulation of neuroplastic abnormalities. Here, we investigated the roles of ER stress and autophagy in apoptosis and neuroplasticity-related protein expression in PA-treated prefrontal cells. Prefrontal cells dissected from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PA compound with ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or PA alone. PA promoted ER stress and autophagy and also cause apoptosis as well as a decline in the expression of neuroplasticity-related proteins. Inhibition of ER stress decreased the expressions of neuroplasticity-related proteins and reduced autophagy activation and apoptosis in PA-treated prefrontal cells. Inhibition of autophagy exacerbated apoptosis and enhanced ER stress in PA-treated prefrontal cells. The present study illustrated that both ER stress and autophagy could be involved in apoptosis and decreased neuroplasticity-related proteins, and the interaction between ER stress and autophagy may play a critical role in apoptosis in PA-treated prefrontal cells. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms in vitro of lipotoxicity in obesity-related cognitive dysfunction.
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27
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Zhao N, Xu B. The beneficial effect of exercise against Alzheimer's disease may result from improved brain glucose metabolism. Neurosci Lett 2021; 763:136182. [PMID: 34418507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of physical exercise as an intervention for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been extensively reported. In fact, a number of studies have highlighted improvements in β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) as critical mechanisms in exercise-induced beneficial neurological outcomes. However, no therapeutic management have been proven to be effective in humans. Recent evidence has shown that AD may be a metabolic disease related to glucose metabolic dysfunction in the brain. In this regard, some of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of physical exercise in the pathology of AD appear to be related to alterations in glucose metabolism. Therefore, we propose that the neuroprotective effect of physical exercise against AD through synergetic improvement in brain glucose metabolism and its pathophysiology. The novel perspective presented here partly explains the failure of Aβ/tau-based therapeutic approaches and provides evidence for brain glucose metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Zhang T, Ding S, Wang R. Research Progress of Mitochondrial Mechanism in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Exercise Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910866. [PMID: 34639204 PMCID: PMC8509472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 is an important pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system, and its activation induces a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 which are involved in the development of various diseases. In recent years, it has been suggested that mitochondria are the platform for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, exercise is considered as an important intervention strategy to mediate the innate immune responses. Generally, chronic moderate-intensity endurance training, resistance training and high-intensity interval training inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to various pathological factors. In contrast, acute exercise activates NLRP3 inflammasome. However, the mechanisms by which exercise regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation are largely unclear. Therefore, the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is discussed mainly from the perspective of mitochondria in this review. Moreover, the effect and potential mechanism of exercise on NLRP3 inflammasome are explored, hoping to provide new target for relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.W.)
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.W.)
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29
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Ma M, Chen W, Hua Y, Jia H, Song Y, Wang Y. Aerobic exercise ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by regulating mitochondrial quality control and endoplasmic reticulum stress through M 2 AChR. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6581-6596. [PMID: 33615478 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise increases M2 AChR, which thus improves cardiac function in cardiovascular disease (CVD) rats. This study aimed to determine whether aerobic exercise could ameliorate pressure overload-induced heart hypertrophy through M2 AChR, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. Mice were used to establish the myocardial hypertrophy model by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and subjected to 2, 4, and 8 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and choline intervention (14 mg/kg/day). Our results showed that 4 and 8 weeks of exercise and choline intervention reduced excessive mitochondrial fission and autophagy of myocardial mitochondria, thereby improving the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria after TAC. Moreover, 8-week exercise and choline intervention have enhanced parasympathetic function and promoted the expression of M2 AChR. In addition, 8-week exercise and choline intervention also inhibited the protein expression of myocardial MFN2, PERK/eIF2α/ATF4, and NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathways, thereby effectively reducing mitochondrial fusion, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. Taken together, these data suggest that pressure overload led to cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction, and decreased parasympathetic function in cardiac tissues. Aerobic exercise attenuated cardiac dysfunction by modulating the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial quality control, and induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation, thereby reducing cardiac hypertrophy and improving cardiac function in impaired heart tissues following TAC, which was likely mediated by M2 AChR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ma
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yijie Hua
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinping Song
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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30
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Alexaki VI. The Impact of Obesity on Microglial Function: Immune, Metabolic and Endocrine Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071584. [PMID: 34201844 PMCID: PMC8307603 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased life expectancy in combination with modern life style and high prevalence of obesity are important risk factors for development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases, and microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are central players in it. The present review discusses the effects of obesity, chronic peripheral inflammation and obesity-associated metabolic and endocrine perturbations, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increased glucocorticoid levels, on microglial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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31
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Gong Y, Yang J, Wei S, Yang R, Gao L, Shao S, Zhao J. Lipotoxicity suppresses the synthesis of growth hormone in pituitary somatotrophs via endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5250-5259. [PMID: 33943005 PMCID: PMC8178284 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity has been shown to cause dysfunction of many organs and tissues. However, it is unclear whether lipotoxicity is harmful to the somatotrophs, a kind of cell that synthesize growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary. In this study, we performed an epidemiological study, serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and GH showed a negative correlation, even after adjustment for potential confounders. In an animal study, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a control diet for 28 weeks. HFD rats showed impaired GH synthesis, resulting in a decrease in circulating GH levels. The expression of pituitary Pit‐1, a key transcription factor of GH, was inhibited. We found that the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) pathway of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was triggered in HFD rat pituitary glands and palmitic acid‐treated GH3 cells, respectively. On the contrary, applying 4‐phenyl butyric acid (4‐PBA) to alleviate ER stress or 4µ8c to specifically block the IRE1α pathway attenuated the impairment of both Pit‐1 and GH expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that lipotoxicity directly inhibits the synthesis of GH, probably by reducing Pit‐1 expression. The IRE1α signaling pathway of ER stress may play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuoshuo Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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32
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Lv S, Li X, Wang H. The Role of the Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663528. [PMID: 33937267 PMCID: PMC8079978 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle for the protein synthesis, modification, folding, assembly, and the transport of new peptide chains. When the folding ability of ER proteins is impaired, the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in ER leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, can induce the maturation and secretion of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 through activating caspase-1. It is associated with many diseases. Studies have shown that ERS can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome in many diseases including diabetes. However, the mechanism of the effects of ERS on NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes has not been fully understood. This review summarizes the recent researches about the effects of ERS on NLRP3 inflammasome and the related mechanism in diabetes to provide ideas for the relevant basic research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Lv
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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33
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Yang W, Liu L, Wei Y, Fang C, Liu S, Zhou F, Li Y, Zhao G, Guo Z, Luo Y, Li L. Exercise suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice with diet-induced NASH: a plausible role of adropin. J Transl Med 2021; 101:369-380. [PMID: 33268842 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which can be triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributes to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. Exercise is an effective therapeutic strategy for NASH. However, whether exercise prevents NLRP3 activation in NASH has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effect of exercise on NLRP3 inflammasome in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced or methionine and choine-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH and explored whether adropin, a metabolic peptide hormone shown to inhibit inflammation, mediates an exercise-induced benefit against NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Exercise alleviated diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, exercise significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, decreased Caspase-1 enzymatic activity, normalized IL-1β production, and suppressed ROS overproduction in HFD-fed and MCD diet-fed mice. The exercise-elicited NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition was accompanied by increased adropin levels. Moreover, serum adropin levels were negatively correlated with serum IL-1β levels. We further explored the effect of adropin on the NLRP3 inflammasome in palmitic acid (PA)-treated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Although adropin treatment did not significantly decrease the levels of all inflammasome components, it reduced the active Caspase-1 level, decreased Caspase-1 activity and downregulated IL-1β expression in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) treated with PA. Moreover, ROS levels in PA-stimulated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were reduced upon adropin treatment. In summary, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of exercise on NLRP3 inflammasome activation was associated with adropin induction, resulting in NASH improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlu Fang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangming Li
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
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34
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Gholamigeravand B, Shahidi S, Afshar S, Gholipour P, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Amiri K, Majidi M, Abbasalipourkabir R, Arabestani MR, Soleimani Asl S. Synergistic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and selenium nanoparticles on streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in the rat. Life Sci 2021; 272:119246. [PMID: 33607156 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Memory impairment is determined to be the most well-known symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although cell therapy seems is an efficient therapeutic strategy to attenuate the AD-related memory impairment, transplanted cells have a short lifespan and do not survive long term in the recipient animals. Herein, we investigated whether the combination therapy of Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and stem cells attenuates the neurotoxicity in an AD animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were transplanted in the AD model. In addition to cell injections, the animals also received oral administration of SeNPs (0.4 mg/kg) for one month. Recognition memory, cell survival, and BDNF concentration were assessed using the novel object recognition task, immunofluorescence, and ELISA methods. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that the combined therapy was more effective in increasing the discrimination index than the administering SeNPs or AMSCs alone. Moreover, SeNPs and stem cells together had the greatest effects in reducing the deposition of Aβ and increasing the concentration of BDNF. Ultimately, the survival and proliferation of transplanted cells were more in the group that received stem cells besides SeNPs. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, it seems that the transplantation of MSCs combined with SeNPs could achieve better results in the neuroprotection in the AD model than a conventional treatment of SeNPs or stem cells alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Gholamigeravand
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Simin Afshar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parsa Gholipour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Amiri
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Majidi
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Dionysopoulou S, Charmandari E, Bargiota A, Vlahos NF, Mastorakos G, Valsamakis G. The Role of Hypothalamic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Association with Cognitive and Mood Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020498. [PMID: 33546219 PMCID: PMC7913301 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with cognitive and mood disorders. Recent evidence suggests that obesity may cause hypothalamic inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the hypothesis that there is a causal link between obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation and cognitive and mood disorders. Inflammation may influence hypothalamic inter-connections with regions important for cognition and mood, while it may cause dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and influence monoaminergic systems. Exercise, healthy diet, and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, which can reduce hypothalamic inflammation in obese models, could improve the deleterious effects on cognition and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Dionysopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Hippocratio General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Larisa, Medical School of Larisa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos F Vlahos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Areteion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, Areteion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Larisa, Medical School of Larisa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larisa, Greece;
- Endocrine Unit, Areteion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-694-889-3274
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Matta L, Fonseca TS, Faria CC, Lima-Junior NC, De Oliveira DF, Maciel L, Boa LF, Pierucci APTR, Ferreira ACF, Nascimento JHM, Carvalho DP, Fortunato RS. The Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function of Rat White Adipose Tissue. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4593496. [PMID: 33603946 PMCID: PMC7868166 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4593496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is characterized by an increase in physical and metabolic demand in face of physical stress. It is reported that a single exercise session induces physiological responses through redox signaling to increase cellular function and energy support in diverse organs. However, little is known about the effect of a single bout of exercise on the redox homeostasis and cytoprotective gene expression of white adipose tissue (WAT). Thus, we aimed at evaluating the effects of acute aerobic exercise on WAT redox homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism, and cytoprotective genic response. Male Wistar rats were submitted to a single moderate-high running session (treadmill) and were divided into five groups: control (CTRL, without exercise), and euthanized immediately (0 h), 30 min, 1 hour, or 2 hours after the end of the exercise session. NADPH oxidase activity was higher in 0 h and 30 min groups when compared to CTRL group. Extramitochondrial ROS production was higher in 0 h group in comparison to CTRL and 2 h groups. Mitochondrial respiration in phosphorylative state increased in 0 h group when compared to CTRL, 30 min, 1, and 2 h groups. On the other hand, mitochondrial ATP production was lower in 0 h in comparison to 30 min group, increasing in 1 and 2 h groups when compared to CTRL and 0 h groups. CAT activity was lower in all exercised groups when compared to CTRL. Regarding oxidative stress biomarkers, we observed a decrease in reduced thiol content in 0 h group compared to CTRL and 2 h groups, and higher levels of protein carbonylation in 0 and 30 min groups in comparison to the other groups. The levels returned to basal condition in 2 h group. Furthermore, aerobic exercise increased NRF2, GPX2, HMOX1, SOD1, and CAT mRNA levels. Taken together, our results suggest that one session of aerobic exercise can induce a transient prooxidative state in WAT, followed by an increase in antioxidant and cytoprotective gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Matta
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Túlio S. Fonseca
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Caroline C. Faria
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | | | - Dahienne F. De Oliveira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Boa
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea C. F. Ferreira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
- NUMPEX, Duque de Caxias Campus, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José H. M. Nascimento
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
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Pan X, Zhu Y, Wu X, Liu L, Ying R, Wang L, Du N, Zhang J, Jin J, Meng X, Dai F, Huang Y. The interaction of ASIC1a and ERS mediates nerve cell apoptosis induced by insulin deficiency. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173816. [PMID: 33345857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-related brain complications are the most serious complications of terminal diabetes. The increasing evidence have showed that the predisposing factor is not only hyperglycemia, but also insulin deficiency. In this study, we demonstrated that insulin deficiency was involved in the apoptosis of nerve cells, and it was related to the interaction between acid-sensitive ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). By silencing C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and ASIC1a, the pro-apoptotic effect of insulin deficiency on NS20y cells was relieved. Further research found that the binding of CHOP and C/EBPα was increased in the nucleus of cells cultured without insulin, and C/EBPα was competitively inhibited as a negative regulator of ASIC1a, which further increased the ERS and lead to neuronal apoptosis. In summary, ERS and ASIC1a play an important role in neurological damage caused by insulin deficiency. Our finding may lead to new ideas and treatment of diabetes-related brain complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesheng Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yueqin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital), Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Ruixue Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Na Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University. Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fang Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Mallard AR, Spathis JG, Coombes JS. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:471-479. [PMID: 32871230 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic metabolic health diseases are increasing worldwide placing strain on healthcare systems and importantly, impacting individuals' quality of life. It is well established that many chronic diseases are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Exercise is a known strategy to manage and treat inflammation in animals and humans. Understanding the mechanisms which cause acute and chronic changes to systems via various exercise protocols may provide insights into how we can better clinically manage patients with inflammatory and oxidative stress associated diseases. Nrf2 is a basic leucine transcription factor which regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins to protect against damage caused by electrophilic or oxidative stress. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the literature which has investigated the relationship between acute and chronic exercise training and Nrf2 protein, mRNA and Nrf2-ARE binding activity. This narrative review presents analysis of twenty-nine articles presenting studies using animals and humans. Findings from animal models suggest that exercise increases all molecular aspects of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in all tissues studied. It was noted that there seems to be an age-related decline in Nrf2 protein upregulation with exercise training. In humans, however, there is a lack of evidence to support this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair R Mallard
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jemima G Spathis
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Shuo W, Li H, Muneko N, Yoshikazu N, Kato N, Kasamaki Y, Ueda T, Kanda T. Combination effects of a fatty diet and exercise on the depressive state and cardioprotection in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with a change in RCAN1 expression. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520964016. [PMID: 33251902 PMCID: PMC7708711 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520964016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) controls plasticity of the nervous system and depressive conditions by regulating brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and plays a crucial role in neural and cardiac pathways. The apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE) is a robust risk factor for progression of Alzheimer's disease. A fatty diet is considered detrimental for metabolic disorders, such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. METHODS We examined the neuronal and cardiac protective roles of RCAN1 in ApoE-/- mice that were fed a high- or low-fat diet with and without voluntary movement for 3 months. Organ weights, laboratory data, histology, RNA expression, and behavior were examined. RESULTS A high-fat diet with exercise improved depressive function, as examined by the forced swimming test, and RCAN1 mRNA expression was induced in the hippocampus. A low-fat diet with exercise resulted in a reduced body weight, higher heart weight/body weight ratio, and lower circulating triglyceride levels compared with a low-fat diet without exercise. RCAN1 mRNA expression was increased in cardiomyocytes in ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS The combination of a high-fat diet and exercise might reduce depressive function, whereas a low-fat diet with exercise leads to cardioprotection. Induction of RCAN1 expression might affect neuroplasticity and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shuo
- Department of Community Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Geriatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, He Ping Li, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Haicong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, He Ping Li, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Nishijo Muneko
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nishino Yoshikazu
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Kasamaki
- Department of Community Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Department of Community Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsugiyasu Kanda
- Department of Community Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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Mullins CA, Gannaban RB, Khan MS, Shah H, Siddik MAB, Hegde VK, Reddy PH, Shin AC. Neural Underpinnings of Obesity: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101018. [PMID: 33092099 PMCID: PMC7589608 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence is increasing at an unprecedented rate throughout the world, and is a strong risk factor for metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological/neurodegenerative disorders. While low-grade systemic inflammation triggered primarily by adipose tissue dysfunction is closely linked to obesity, inflammation is also observed in the brain or the central nervous system (CNS). Considering that the hypothalamus, a classical homeostatic center, and other higher cortical areas (e.g. prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, hippocampus, etc.) also actively participate in regulating energy homeostasis by engaging in inhibitory control, reward calculation, and memory retrieval, understanding the role of CNS oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity and their underlying mechanisms would greatly help develop novel therapeutic interventions to correct obesity and related comorbidities. Here we review accumulating evidence for the association between ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, the main culprits responsible for oxidative stress and inflammation in various brain regions, and energy imbalance that leads to the development of obesity. Potential beneficial effects of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds on CNS health and obesity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn A. Mullins
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.A.M.); (R.B.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Ritchel B. Gannaban
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.A.M.); (R.B.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Md Shahjalal Khan
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.K.); (M.A.B.S.); (V.K.H.)
| | - Harsh Shah
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.A.M.); (R.B.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Md Abu B. Siddik
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.K.); (M.A.B.S.); (V.K.H.)
| | - Vijay K. Hegde
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.K.); (M.A.B.S.); (V.K.H.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Andrew C. Shin
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.A.M.); (R.B.G.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-834-1713
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Lang X, Zhao N, He Q, Li X, Li X, Sun C, Zhang X. Treadmill exercise mitigates neuroinflammation and increases BDNF via activation of SIRT1 signaling in a mouse model of T2DM. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:30-39. [PMID: 32987101 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies showed that exercise can improve cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been shown to play a role in regulating inflammatory responses in the brain and increasing BDNF expression. This study investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on the hippocampal inflammatory response and BDNF expression in a T2DM mice model. We also tested whether these effects are SIRT1-dependent. In this study, C57BL/ 6 mice were used to construct T2DM model by a high-fat diet and STZ injection. We found that treadmill exercise for 8 weeks can significantly improve the cognitive dysfunction, alleviate activation of proinflammatory microglia M1 (Iba1 labeling) in the hippocampus of T2DM mice, and reduce the levels of proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, increase the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10, TGF-β1, and promote the release of BDNF. We also found that exercise activate the signaling pathway of SIRT1/ NF-κB and SIRT1/ PGC-1α/ FNDC5/ BDNF. After the application of nicotinamide (NAM, SIRT1 inhibitor), the positive effects of exercise were remarkably suppressed. Our results showed that long-term moderate intensity treadmill exercise can alleviate inflammatory response in the hippocampus and increase BDNF expression in T2DM mice by activating SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang He
- School of Physical Education of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- School of Physical Education of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanning Sun
- School of Physical Education of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- School of Physical Education of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Liu B, Li J, Lin X, Hu J, Lou S. The metabolic changes in the hippocampus of an atherosclerotic rat model and the regulation of aerobic training. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1017-1034. [PMID: 32240489 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been associated with the progression of cognitive impairment and the effect of metabolic changes in the brain on cognitive function may be pronounced. The aim is to reveal the metabolic changes during atherosclerosis and clarify the possible role of exercise in regulating hippocampal metabolism. Hence, A rat model of atherosclerosis was established by high-fat diet feeding in combination with vitamin D3 intraperitoneal injection, then 4 weeks of aerobic exercise was conducted. Metabolomics based on GC-MS was applied to detect small molecules metabolites and western blot was used to detect the concentration of enzymes involved in metabolic changes in rat hippocampus. Compared to the control group, metabolites including xylulose 5-phosphate, threonine, succinate, and nonanoic acid were markedly elevated, whereas methyl arachidonic acid and methyl stearate decreased in the AS group, accompanied by a raised concentration of aldose reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as a declined concentration of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. After 4 weeks' aerobic exercise, the levels of succinic acid, branched chain amino acids, nonanoic acid, desmosterol, and aldose reductase decreased, whereas methyl arachidonic acid, methyl stearate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate elevated in the hippocampus of the TAS group in comparison with the AS group. These results suggest that atherosclerosis could cause a severe metabolic disturbance, and aerobic exercise plays an important role in regulating atherosclerosis-induced disorder of glucose metabolism in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Post-doctoral station of clinical medicine, Tongji Hospital, medical school of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Martínez Leo EE, Rojas Herrera RA, Segura Campos MR. Biopeptides with Neuroprotective Effect in the Treatment of Neuroinflammation Induced by Adiposity-based Chronic Disease. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1762639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Li J, Li B, Bai F, Ma Y, Liu N, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu Q. Metformin therapy confers cardioprotection against the remodeling of gap junction in tachycardia-induced atrial fibrillation dog model. Life Sci 2020; 254:117759. [PMID: 32389830 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metformin, introduced in 1957, is widely used as an anti-diabetic drug and has considerable benefits in cardiovascular disease reportedly, dependent or independent on its glucose-lowering effects. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin on gap junction and the inducibility of AF. METHODS Beagle dogs were subjected to acute or chronic pacing at right atrial appendage by a pacemaker to develop an AF model and electrophysiological parameters were measured. In vitro study, a cell fast pacing model was developed by CardioExcyte 96. We performed Western blot, histology immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy to detect the effect of metformin. RESULTS In chronic AF model, the inducibility and duration of AF increased obviously after pacing for 6 weeks compared with sham-operated group (Inducibility, 3.33 ± 5.77 vs. 85.33 ± 7.89%, P<0.0001; Duration, 0.8 ± 0.84 vs. 11 ± 2.67 ms, P<0.0001). Effective refractory periods (ERP) decreased at left and right left atrium and atrial appendages compared with sham-operated group (123.95 ± 6.57 vs. 89.96 ± 7.39 ms P<0.0001). Metformin attenuated the pacing-induced increase in EPR (89.96 ± 7.39 vs. 105.83 ± 7.45 ms, P<0.05), AF inducibility and AF duration (Inducibility, 85.33 ± 7.89 vs. 64.17 ± 7.36%, Duration, 11 ± 2.67 vs. 8.62 ± 1.15 ms, P<0.05). The expression of Cx43 shows a significant downregulation(about 38%, P<0.001) after chronic pacing and treating with metformin could alleviate this decrease(P<0.01). However, the effect of metformin in acute pacing model is limited. The immunohistochemical staining of cardiac tissue also shown that there is more lateralized Cx43 under pacing condition (87.67 ± 2.52 vs. 60.8 ± 9.13%, P<0.005). These pacing-induced lateralize Cx43 could be alleviated by the metformin (48.4 ± 8.62 vs. 60.8 ± 9.13%, P<0.05). Additionally, metformin could affect the interactions of ZO-1 with p-Src/Cx43 via decrease the abnormal cAMP level after pacing (84.04 ± 4.58 vs. 69.34 ± 4.5 nmol/L, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Metformin could alleviate the vulnerability of AF and attenuate the downregulation of gap junction under pacing condition via AMPK pathway and decreasing the P-Src level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinxu Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Treadmill exercise enhances the promoting effects of preconditioned stem cells on memory and neurogenesis in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in the rats. Life Sci 2020; 249:117482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Leardini-Tristão M, Andrade G, Garcia C, Reis PA, Lourenço M, Moreira ETS, Lima FRS, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Tibirica E, Estato V. Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:117. [PMID: 32299450 PMCID: PMC7161182 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain circulation disorders such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion have been associated with a decline in cognitive function during the development of dementia. Astrocytes together with microglia participate in the immune response in the CNS and make them potential sentinels in the brain parenchyma. In addition, astrocytes coverage integrity has been related to brain homeostasis. Currently, physical exercise has been proposed as an effective intervention to promote brain function improvement. However, the neuroprotective effects of early physical exercise on the astrocyte communication with the microcirculation and the microglial activation in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of early intervention with physical exercise on cognition, brain microcirculatory, and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO). METHODS Wistar rats aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: Sham-sedentary group (Sham-Sed), Sham-exercised group (Sham-Ex), 2VO-sedentary group (2VO-Sed), and 2VO-exercised group (2VO-Ex). The early intervention with physical exercise started 3 days after 2VO or Sham surgery during 12 weeks. Then, the brain functional capillary density and endothelial-leukocyte interactions were evaluated by intravital microscopy; cognitive function was evaluated by open-field test; hippocampus postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin were evaluated by western blotting; astrocytic coverage of the capillaries, microglial activation, and structural capillary density were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Early moderate physical exercise was able to normalize functional capillary density and reduce leukocyte rolling in the brain of animals with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. These effects were accompanied by restore synaptic protein and the improvement of cognitive function. In addition, early moderate exercise improves astrocytes coverage in blood vessels of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, decreases microglial activation in the hippocampus, and improves structural capillaries in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Microcirculatory and inflammatory changes in the brain appear to be involved in triggering a cognitive decline in animals with chronic cerebral ischemia. Therefore, early intervention with physical exercise may represent a preventive approach to neurodegeneration caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leardini-Tristão
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giulia Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celina Garcia
- Laboratory of Glial Cell Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Reis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Millena Lourenço
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Emilio T S Moreira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Flavia R S Lima
- Laboratory of Glial Cell Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibirica
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Estato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Cai M, Hu JY, Liu BB, Li JJ, Li F, Lou S. The Molecular Mechanisms of Excessive Hippocampal Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Depressing Cognition-related Proteins Expression and the Regulatory Effects of Nrf2. Neuroscience 2020; 431:152-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pérez-Corredor PA, Gutiérrez-Vargas JA, Ciro-Ramírez L, Balcazar N, Cardona-Gómez GP. High fructose diet-induced obesity worsens post-ischemic brain injury in the hippocampus of female rats. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:122-136. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1724453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Pérez-Corredor
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, SIU, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - J. A. Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, SIU, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellin, Colombia
| | - L. Ciro-Ramírez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Norman Balcazar
- Molecular Genetics Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - G. P. Cardona-Gómez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, SIU, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Langley MR, Yoon H, Kim HN, Choi CI, Simon W, Kleppe L, Lanza IR, LeBrasseur NK, Matveyenko A, Scarisbrick IA. High fat diet consumption results in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and oligodendrocyte loss in the central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165630. [PMID: 31816440 PMCID: PMC7982965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a key risk factor and co-morbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological conditions, such that a better understanding of how a high fat diet contributes to oligodendrocyte loss and the capacity for myelin regeneration has the potential to highlight new treatment targets. Results demonstrate that modeling metabolic dysfunction in mice with chronic high fat diet (HFD) consumption promotes loss of oligodendrocyte progenitors across the brain and spinal cord. A number of transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress pathways in HFD-fed mouse spinal cords were also identified. Moreover, deficits in TCA cycle intermediates and mitochondrial respiration were observed in the chronic HFD spinal cord tissue. Oligodendrocytes are known to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, and we observed increased markers of oxidative stress in both the brain and spinal cord of HFD-fed mice. We additionally identified that increased apoptotic cell death signaling is underway in oligodendrocytes from mice chronically fed a HFD. When cultured under high saturated fat conditions, oligodendrocytes decreased both mitochondrial function and differentiation. Overall, our findings show that HFD-related changes in metabolic regulators, decreased mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress contribute to a loss of myelinating cells. These studies identify HFD consumption as a key modifiable lifestyle factor for improved myelin integrity in the adult central nervous system and in addition new tractable metabolic targets for myelin protection and repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Langley
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ha Neui Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chan-Il Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Whitney Simon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laurel Kleppe
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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50
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Yao Y. Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1059-1070. [PMID: 32016448 PMCID: PMC7003045 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been increasing globally for over three decades. According to previous studies, dietary obesity is usually associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and STAT3 signaling, which result in interference with the homeostatic control of energy and lipid metabolism. Ginsenosides (GS) administered to mice will modulate adiposity and food intake; however, the mechanism of food inhibition is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether GS may inhibit ERS and regulate STAT3 phosphorylation in GT1‑7 cells (a mouse hypothalamus gonadotropin‑releasing hormone neuron cell line) and the hypothalamus in order to reduce the body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)‑induced obese mice. In the present study, GS inhibited the appetite, reduced the body weight, visceral fat, body fat content and blood glucose, and ameliorated the glucose tolerance of the obese mice compared with HFD mice. In addition, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride (TG), leptin and insulin in the serum were reduced compared with HFD mice. There was less TG in the liver, but more in the feces compared with HFD mice. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining of HepG2 cells and liver tissues, GS were demonstrated to improve the non‑alcoholic fatty liver of the HFD‑induced obese mice and reduce the diameter of the fat cells compared with HFD mice. GS also increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the metabolic cage data compared with HFD mice. In the GT1‑7 cells, GS alleviated the ERS induced by tunicamycin and enhanced the activation of the STAT3 phosphorylation pathway. Furthermore the ERS of the liver was relieved to achieve the aforementioned pharmacological effects. GS were used in the homeostatic control of the energy and lipid metabolism of a diet‑induced obesity model. In conclusion, present studies suggest that GS exert these effects by increasing STAT3 phosphorylation expression and reducing the ERS. Thus, GS reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in HFD‑induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
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