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Yanagida K, Shimizu T. Lysophosphatidic acid, a simple phospholipid with myriad functions. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108421. [PMID: 37080433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid consisting of a phosphate group, glycerol moiety, and only one hydrocarbon chain. Despite its simple chemical structure, LPA plays an important role as an essential bioactive signaling molecule via its specific six G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1-6. Recent studies, especially those using genetic tools, have revealed diverse physiological and pathological roles of LPA and LPA receptors in almost every organ system. Furthermore, many studies are illuminating detailed mechanisms to orchestrate multiple LPA receptor signaling pathways and to facilitate their coordinated function. Importantly, these extensive "bench" works are now translated into the "bedside" as exemplified by approaches targeting LPA1 signaling to combat fibrotic diseases. In this review, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of LPA signaling and their implications for clinical application by focusing on findings revealed by in vivo studies utilizing genetic tools targeting LPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Huston JP, Chao OY. Probing the nature of episodic memory in rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104930. [PMID: 36544301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) specifies the experience of retrieving information of an event at the place and time of occurrence. Whether non-human animals are capable of EM remains debated, whereas evidence suggests that they have a memory system akin to EM. We here trace the development of various behavioral paradigms designed to study EM in non-human animals, in particular the rat. We provide an in-depth description of the available behavioral tests which combine three spontaneous object exploration paradigms, namely novel object preference (for measuring memory for "what"), novel location preference (for measuring memory for "where") and temporal order memory (memory for "when"), into a single trial to gauge a memory akin to EM. Most important, we describe a variation of such a test in which each memory component interacts with the others, demonstrating an integration of diverse mnemonic information. We discuss why a behavioral model of EM must be able to assess the ability to integrate "what", "where" and "when" information into a single experience. We attempt an interpretation of the various tests and review the studies that have applied them in areas such as pharmacology, neuroanatomy, circuit analysis, and sleep. Finally, we anticipate future directions in the search for neural mechanisms of EM in the rat and outline model experiments and methodologies in this pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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Barbosa FF, Castelo-Branco R. Assessing episodic memory in rodents using spontaneous object recognition tasks. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:ETLS20220010. [PMID: 36477302 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Models of episodic memory are successfully established using spontaneous object recognition tasks in rodents. In this review, we present behavioral techniques devised to investigate this type of memory, emphasizing methods based on associations of places and temporal order of items explored by rats and mice. We also provide a review on the areas and circuitry of the medial temporal lobe underlying episodic-like memory, considering that a large number of neurobiology data derived from these protocols. Although spontaneous recognition tasks are commonplace in this field, there is need for careful evaluation of factors affecting animal performance. Such as the ongoing development of tools for investigating the neural basis of memory, efforts should be put in the refinement of experimental designs, in order to provide reliable behavioral evidence of this complex mnemonic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Freitas Barbosa
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Rochele Castelo-Branco
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Fu Y, He Y, Phan K, Pickford R, Kim YB, Dzamko N, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Sex-specific lipid dysregulation in the Abca7 knockout mouse brain. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac120. [PMID: 35620166 PMCID: PMC9127619 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects more women than men. The pathomechanism underlying the sex disparity, especially in the brain, is unclear. ABCA7 is one of the strongest susceptibility genes for Alzheimer’s disease. It mediates the transport of lipids across membranes and is associated with pathways related to amyloid-β neuropathology. However, the role of ABCA7 in the regulation of brain lipids is largely unknown. Sex-specific differences in the pathological link between brain lipid dysregulation and amyloid-β are also unknown. Here, we undertook quantitative discovery lipidomics of male and female Abca7 knockout (n = 52) and wild type (n = 35) mouse brain using sophisticated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We identified 61 lipid subclasses in the mouse brain and found sex-specific differences in lipids that were altered with Abca7 deletion. The altered lipids belong to cellular pathways that control cell signalling, sterol metabolism, mitochondrial function and neuroprotection. We also investigated the relationship between lipids and amyloid-β levels in the Abca7 knockout mice and found elevated free cholesterol only in female mice that was significantly correlated with amyloid-β42 levels. In male Abca7 knockout mice, the neuroprotective ganglioside GD1a levels were elevated and inversely correlated with amyloid-β42 levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Abca7 deletion leads to sex-specific lipid dysregulation in the brain, providing insight into the underlying sex disparity in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying He
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Phan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M. Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales & Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales & Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence to: W. S. Kim Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia E-mail:
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Rivera R, Williams NA, Kennedy GG, Sánchez-Pavón P, Chun J. Generation of an Lpar1-EGFP Fusion Knock-in Transgenic Mouse Line. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:619-627. [PMID: 34652685 PMCID: PMC8551097 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lysophospholipid that acts as an extracellular signal through the activation of cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There are six known LPA receptors (LPA1-6). The first such receptor, LPA1, was identified in the embryonic brain and has been studied extensively for gene expression throughout the body, including through studies of receptor-null mice. However, identifying receptor protein expression in situ and in vivo within living cells and tissues has been difficult because of biologically low receptor expression and variable antibody specificity. To visualize native LPA1 receptor expression in situ, we generated a knock-in mouse produced by homologous recombination in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells to replace a wildtype Lpar1 allele with a mutant allele created by in-frame fusion of EGFP to the 4th exon of Lpar1 (Lpar1-EGFP knock-in allele). Homozygous knock-in mice appeared normal and the expected mendelian ratios of knock-in allele transmission were present in females and males. Histological assessments of the fetal and adult central nervous system (CNS) demonstrated expression patterns that were consistent with prior in situ hybridization studies. This new mouse line will be useful for studies of LPA1 in the developing and adult CNS, as well as other tissues, and for receptor assessments in living tissues and disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rivera
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nyssa A Williams
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grace G Kennedy
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Pavón
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Rosell-Valle C, Pedraza C, Manuel I, Moreno-Rodríguez M, Rodríguez-Puertas R, Castilla-Ortega E, Caramés JM, Gómez Conde AI, Zambrana-Infantes E, Ortega-Pinazo J, Serrano-Castro PJ, Chun J, Rodríguez De Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Estivill-Torrús G. Chronic central modulation of LPA/LPA receptors-signaling pathway in the mouse brain regulates cognition, emotion, and hippocampal neurogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110156. [PMID: 33152386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acts through its LPA receptors in multiple biological and behavioral processes, including adult hippocampal neurogenesis, hippocampal-dependent memory, and emotional regulation. However, analyses of the effects have typically involved acute treatments, and there is no information available regarding the effect of the chronic pharmacological modulation of the LPA/LPA receptors-signaling pathway. Thus, we analyzed the effect of the chronic (21 days) and continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of C18:1 LPA and the LPA1-3 receptor antagonist Ki16425 in behavior and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Twenty-one days after continuous ICV infusions, mouse behaviors in the open field test, Y-maze test and forced swimming test were assessed. In addition, the hippocampus was examined for c-Fos expression and α-CaMKII and phospho-α-CaMKII levels. The current study demonstrates that chronic C18:1 LPA produced antidepressant effects, improved spatial working memory, and enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In contrast, chronic LPA1-3 receptor antagonism disrupted exploratory activity and spatial working memory, induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors and produced an impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis. While these effects were accompanied by an increase in neuronal activation in the DG of C18:1 LPA-treated mice, Ki16425-treated mice showed reduced neuronal activation in CA3 and CA1 hippocampal subfields. Treatment with the antagonist also induced an imbalance in the expression of basal/activated α-CaMKII protein forms. These outcomes indicate that the chronic central modulation of the LPA receptors-signaling pathway in the brain regulates cognition and emotion, likely comprising hippocampal-dependent mechanisms. The use of pharmacological modulation of this pathway in the brain may potentially be targeted for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Producción de Reprogramación Celular, Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Junta de Andalucía, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Iván Manuel
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta Moreno-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José María Caramés
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ana I Gómez Conde
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; ECAI de Microscopía, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Ortega-Pinazo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro J Serrano-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fernando Rodríguez De Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis J Santín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
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GABAergic deficits in absence of LPA 1 receptor, associated anxiety-like and coping behaviors, and amelioration by interneuron precursor transplants into the dorsal hippocampus. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1479-1495. [PMID: 33792787 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Defects in GABAergic function can cause anxiety- and depression-like behaviors among other neuropsychiatric disorders. Therapeutic strategies using the transplantation of GABAergic interneuron progenitors derived from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) into the adult hippocampus reversed the symptomatology in multiple rodent models of interneuron-related pathologies. In turn, the lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA1 has been reported to be essential for hippocampal function. Converging evidence suggests that deficits in LPA1 receptor signaling represent a core feature underlying comparable hippocampal dysfunction and behaviors manifested in common neuropsychiatric conditions. Here, we first analyzed the GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus of wild-type and maLPA1-null mice, lacking the LPA1 receptor. Our data revealed a reduction in the number of neurons expressing GABA, calcium-binding proteins, and neuropeptides such as somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in the hippocampus of maLPA1-null mice. Then, we used interneuron precursor transplants to test links between hippocampal GABAergic interneuron deficit, cell-based therapy, and LPA1 receptor-dependent psychiatric disease-like phenotypes. For this purpose, we transplanted MGE-derived interneuron precursors into the adult hippocampus of maLPA1-null mice, to test their effects on GABAergic deficit and behavioral symptoms associated with the absence of the LPA1 receptor. Transplant studies in maLPA1-null mice showed that grafted cells were able to restore the hippocampal host environment, decrease the anxiety-like behaviors and neutralize passive coping, with no abnormal effects on motor activity. Furthermore, grafted MGE-derived cells maintained their normal differentiation program. These findings reinforce the use of cell-based strategies for brain disorders and suggest that the LPA1 receptor represents a potential target for interneuron-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Moretti J, Poh EZ, Bolland SJ, Harvey AR, Albrecht MA, Rodger J. Concurrent LI-rTMS induces changes in c-Fos expression but not behavior during a progressive ratio task with adult ephrin-A2A5 -/- mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 400:113011. [PMID: 33181182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes within the dopaminergic system induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may contribute to its therapeutic effects; however, dopamine-related behavioral effects of rTMS have not been widely investigated. We recently showed that ephrin-A2A5-/- mice completed significantly fewer trials in a visual task than wildtype mice, and that concurrent low-intensity (LI-) rTMS during the task could partially rescue the abnormal behavior [Poh et al. 2018, eNeuro, vol. 5]. Here, we investigated whether the behavioral differences in ephrin-A2A5-/- mice are due to abnormal motivation, primarily a dopamine-modulated behavior, and whether LI-rTMS would increase motivation. Ephrin-A2A5-/- and wildtype mice underwent 14 daily sessions of progressive ratio (PR) tasks and received either sham or LI-rTMS during the first 10 min. Ephrin-A2A5-/- mice responded more than wildtype comparisons, and LI-rTMS did not influence task performance for either strain. Therefore concurrent stimulation does not influence motivation in a PR task. However, ephrin-A2A5-/- mice did have abnormal performance in the PR tasks after a change in the PR schedule which suggests perseverative behavior. We stained for c-Fos in the prelimbic area (PrL), ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell to examine neuronal activity from the final PR session. Sham ephrin-A2A5-/- mice had lower c-Fos expression in the PrL and NAc vs. wildtype mice. Ephrin-A2A5-/- mice that received LI-rTMS showed c-Fos expression closer to wildtype levels in the NAc. Combined with high PR performance, ephrin-A2A5-/- mice show an abnormal shift to habitual responding and LI-rTMS may attenuate this shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Moretti
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Eugenia Z Poh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samuel J Bolland
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Conner MR, Jang D, Anderson BJ, Kritzer MF. Biological Sex and Sex Hormone Impacts on Deficits in Episodic-Like Memory in a Rat Model of Early, Pre-motor Stages of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:942. [PMID: 33041964 PMCID: PMC7527538 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory deficits are among the earliest appearing and most commonly occurring examples of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). These enduring features can also predict a clinical course of rapid motor decline, significant cognitive deterioration, and the development of PD-related dementia. The lack of effective means to treat these deficits underscores the need to better understand their neurobiological bases. The prominent sex differences that characterize episodic memory in health, aging and in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease suggest that neuroendocrine factors may also influence episodic memory dysfunction in PD. However, while sex differences have been well-documented for many facets of PD, sex differences in, and sex hormone influences on associated episodic memory impairments have been less extensively studied and have never been examined in preclinical PD models. Accordingly, we paired bilateral neostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions with behavioral testing using the What-Where-When Episodic-Like Memory (ELM) Task in adult rats to first determine whether episodic-like memory is impaired in this model. We further compared outcomes in gonadally intact female and male subjects, and in male rats that had undergone gonadectomy—with and without hormone replacement, to determine whether biological sex and/or sex hormones influenced the expression of dopamine lesioned-induced memory deficits. These studies showed that 6-OHDA lesions profoundly impaired recall for all memory domains in male and female rats. They also showed that in males, circulating gonadal hormones powerfully modulated the negative impacts of 6-OHDA lesions on What, Where, and When discriminations in domain-specific ways. Specifically, the absence of androgens was shown to fully attenuate 6-OHDA lesion-induced deficits in ELM for “Where” and to partially protect against lesion-induced deficits in ELM for “What.” In sum, these findings show that 6-OHDA lesions in rats recapitulate the vulnerability of episodic memory seen in early PD. Together with similar evidence recently obtained for spatial working memory, the present findings also showed that diminished androgen levels provide powerful, highly selective protections against the harmful effects that 6-OHDA lesions have on memory functions in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan R Conner
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Doyeon Jang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Brenda J Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Mary F Kritzer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Ikram M, Ullah R, Khan A, Kim MO. Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061464. [PMID: 32549286 PMCID: PMC7349707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, namely Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are increasingly major health concerns due to the increasingly aged population worldwide. These conditions often share the same underlying pathological mechanisms, including elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the aggregation of proteins. Several studies have highlighted the potential to diminish the clinical outcomes of these disorders via the administration of herbal compounds, among which gintonin, a derivative of ginseng, has shown promising results. Gintonin is a noncarbohydrate/saponin that has been characterized as a lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA Receptor) ligand. Gintonin may cause a significant elevation in calcium levels [Ca2+]i intracellularly, which promotes calcium-mediated cellular effects via the modulation of ion channels and cell surface receptors, regulating the inflammatory effects. Years of research have suggested that gintonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against different models of neurodegeneration, and these effects may be employed to tackle the neurological changes. Therefore, we collected the main scientific findings and comprehensively presented them, covering preparation, absorption, and receptor-mediated functions, including effects against Alzheimer’s disease models, Parkinson’s disease models, anxiety and depression-like models, and other neurological disorders, aiming to provide some insights for the possible usage of gintonin in the management of neurodegenerative conditions.
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11
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Nam SM, Choi JH, Choi SH, Cho HJ, Cho YJ, Rhim H, Kim HC, Cho IH, Kim DG, Nah SY. Ginseng gintonin alleviates neurological symptoms in the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through lysophosphatidic acid 1 receptor. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:390-400. [PMID: 34025132 PMCID: PMC8134849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We recently showed that gintonin, an active ginseng ingredient, exhibits antibrain neurodegenerative disease effects including multiple target mechanisms such as antioxidative stress and antiinflammation via the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a spinal disease characterized by neurodegenerative changes in motor neurons with subsequent skeletal muscle paralysis and death. However, pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS are still elusive, and therapeutic drugs have not yet been developed. We investigate the putative alleviating effects of gintonin in ALS. Methods The G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse ALS model was used. Gintonin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) administration started from week seven. We performed histological analyses, immunoblot assays, and behavioral tests. Results Gintonin extended mouse survival and relieved motor dysfunctions. Histological analyses of spinal cords revealed that gintonin increased the survival of motor neurons, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, choline acetyltransferase, NeuN, and Nissl bodies compared with the vehicle control. Gintonin attenuated elevated spinal NAD(P) quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression and decreased oxidative stress-related ferritin, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-immunoreactive microglia, S100β-immunoreactive astrocyte, and Olig2-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes compared with the control vehicle. Interestingly, we found that the spinal LPA1 receptor level was decreased, whereas gintonin treatment restored decreased LPA1 receptor expression levels in the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse, thereby attenuating neurological symptoms and histological deficits. Conclusion Gintonin-mediated symptomatic improvements of ALS might be associated with the attenuations of neuronal loss and oxidative stress via the spinal LPA1 receptor regulations. The present results suggest that the spinal LPA1 receptor is engaged in ALS, and gintonin may be useful for relieving ALS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute for Environmental Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Department of Conversions Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jin Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Department of Conversions Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:373-407. [PMID: 32298711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice have been demonstrated to show episodic-like memory, a prototype of episodic memory, as defined by an integrated memory of the experience of an object or event, in a particular place and time. Such memory can be assessed via the use of spontaneous object exploration paradigms, variably designed to measure memory for object, place, temporal order and object-location inter-relationships. We review the methodological properties of these tests, the neurobiology about time and discuss the evidence for the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus, with respect to their anatomy, neurotransmitter systems and functional circuits. The systematic analysis suggests that a specific circuit between the mPFC, lateral EC and hippocampus encodes the information for event, place and time of occurrence into the complex episodic-like memory, as a top-down regulation from the mPFC onto the hippocampus. This circuit can be distinguished from the neuronal component memory systems for processing the individual information of object, time and place.
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13
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Nam SM, Choi SH, Cho HJ, Seo JS, Choi M, Nahm SS, Chang BJ, Nah SY. Ginseng Gintonin Attenuates Lead-Induced Rat Cerebellar Impairments during Gestation and Lactation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030385. [PMID: 32131481 PMCID: PMC7175158 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gintonin, a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, improves brain functions and protects neurons from oxidative stress. However, little is known about the effects of gintonin against Pb-induced brain maldevelopment. We investigated the protective effects of gintonin on the developing cerebellum after prenatal and postnatal Pb exposure. Pregnant female rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, Pb (0.3% Pb acetate in drinking water), and Pb plus gintonin (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Blood Pb was increased in dams and pups; gintonin treatment significantly decreased blood Pb. On postnatal day 21, the number of degenerating Purkinje cells was remarkably increased while the number of calbindin-, GAD67-, NMDAR1-, LPAR1-immunoreactive intact Purkinje cells, and GABA transporter 1-immunoreactive pinceau structures were significantly reduced in Pb-exposed offspring. Following Pb exposure, gintonin ameliorated cerebellar degenerative effects, restored increased pro-apoptotic Bax, and decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl2. Gintonin treatment attenuated Pb-induced accumulation of oxidative stress (Nrf2 and Mn-SOD) and inflammation (IL-1β and TNFα,), restoring the decreased cerebellar BDNF and Sirt1. Gintonin ameliorated Pb-induced impairment of myelin basic protein-immunoreactive myelinated fibers of Purkinje cells. Gintonin attenuated Pb-induced locomotor dysfunctions. The present study revealed the ameliorating effects of gintonin against Pb, suggesting the potential use of gintonin as a preventive agent in Pb poisoning during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Jin Seok Seo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Minsuk Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Sang-Soep Nahm
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Byung-Joon Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (H.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-4154
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14
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Conner MR, Adeyemi OM, Anderson BJ, Kritzer MF. Domain-specific contributions of biological sex and sex hormones to what, where and when components of episodic-like memory in adult rats. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2705-2723. [PMID: 31943448 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory involves the integration and recall of discrete events that include information about what happened, where it happened and when it occurred. Episodic memory function is critical to daily life, and its dysfunction is both a first identifiable indicator and an enduring core feature of cognitive decline in ageing and in neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Available evidence from human studies suggests that biological sex and sex hormones modulate episodic memory function in health and disease. However, knowledge of how this occurs is constrained by the limited availability and underutilization of validated animal models in investigating hormone impacts on episodic-like memory function. Here, adult female, adult male and gonadally manipulated adult male rats were tested on the what-where-when episodic-like memory task to determine whether rats model human sex differences in episodic memory and how the hormonal milieu impacts episodic-like memory processes in this species. These studies revealed salient ways in which rats model human sex differences in episodic memory, including a male advantage in spatial episodic memory performance. They also identified domain-specific roles for oestrogens and androgens in modulating what, where and when discriminations in male rats that were unlike those engaged in corresponding novel object recognition and novel object location tasks. These studies thus identify rats and the what-where-when task as suitable for investigating the neuroendocrine bases of episodic-like memory, and provide new information about the unique contributions that sex and sex hormones make to this complex mnemonic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan R Conner
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Brenda J Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mary F Kritzer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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15
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Yanagida K, Valentine WJ. Druggable Lysophospholipid Signaling Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:137-176. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Kedrov AV, Mineyeva OA, Enikolopov GN, Anokhin KV. Involvement of Adult-born and Preexisting Olfactory Bulb and Dentate Gyrus Neurons in Single-trial Olfactory Memory Acquisition and Retrieval. Neuroscience 2019; 422:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Flores-Burgess A, Millón C, Gago B, García-Durán L, Cantero-García N, Coveñas R, Narváez JA, Fuxe K, Santín L, Díaz-Cabiale Z. Galanin (1–15)-fluoxetine interaction in the novel object recognition test. Involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the prefrontal cortex of the rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 155:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Episodic-like memory impairment induced by sub-anaesthetic doses of ketamine. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:165-171. [PMID: 30359643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Episodic-like memory refers to integration of where and when a certain event (what) happened. The glutamatergic neurotransmission, particularly AMPA and NMDA receptors, in the dorsal hippocampus mediates episodic recall. Ketamine is a non-competitive NMDA antagonist with effect on cognitive performance and plasticity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the acute action of ketamine on behavioural and neurochemical aspects of episodic-like memory (WWWhen/ELM task) through immediate-early gene expression (IEG), c-Fos, in the dorsal hippocampus. Animals received saline 0.9% or ketamine at 8 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg (i.p.) immediately after the second sample. Our data indicate that untreated and saline rats integrate the three elements of episodic-like memory. Conversely, animals treated with ketamine showed impairment of ELM formation. In addition, the highest dose of ketamine increased c-Fos expression in dorsal CA1 subregion when compared to saline rats. Our results indicate that the antagonism of NMDA concurrently impair ELM formation of all three aspects of ELM and increase neuronal activation in dorsal CA1.
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Choi SH, Kim HJ, Cho HJ, Park SD, Lee NE, Hwang SH, Cho IH, Hwang H, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. Gintonin, a Ginseng-Derived Exogenous Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Ligand, Protects Astrocytes from Hypoxic and Re-oxygenation Stresses Through Stimulation of Astrocytic Glycogenolysis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3280-3294. [PMID: 30117105 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a unique brain cell-storing glycogen and express lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. Gintonin is a ginseng-derived exogenous G protein-coupled LPA receptor ligand. Accumulating evidence shows that astrocytes serve as an energy supplier to neurons through astrocytic glycogenolysis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, little is known about the relationships between LPA receptors and astrocytic glycogenolysis or about the roles of LPA receptors in hypoxia and re-oxygenation stresses. In the present study, we examined the functions of gintonin-mediated astrocytic glycogenolysis in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, glutamate uptake, and cell viability under normoxic, hypoxic, and re-oxygenation conditions. The application of gintonin or LPA to astrocytes induced glycogenolysis in concentration- and time-dependent manners. The stimulation of gintonin-mediated astrocytic glycogenolysis was achieved through the LPA receptor-Gαq/11 protein-phospholipase C-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transient pathway. Gintonin treatment to astrocytes increased the phosphorylation of brain phosphorylase kinase, with sensitive manner to K252a, an inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase. Gintonin-mediated astrocytic glycogenolysis was blocked by isofagomine, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor. Gintonin additionally increased astrocytic glycogenolysis under hypoxic and re-oxygenation conditions. Moreover, gintonin increased ATP production, glutamate uptake, and cell viability under the hypoxic and re-oxygenation conditions. Collectively, we found that the gintonin-mediated [Ca2+]i transients regulated by LPA receptors were coupled to astrocytic glycogenolysis and that stimulation of gintonin-mediated astrocytic glycogenolysis was coupled to ATP production and glutamate uptake under hypoxic and re-oxygenation conditions, ultimately protecting astrocytes. Hence, the gintonin-mediated astrocytic energy that is modulated via LPA receptors helps to protect astrocytes under hypoxia and re-oxygenation stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Sang-Deuk Park
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Na-Eun Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, South Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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20
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Kim DG, Jang M, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Jhun H, Kim HC, Rhim H, Cho IH, Nah SY. Gintonin, a ginseng-derived exogenous lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, enhances blood-brain barrier permeability and brain delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1325-1337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Dario MFR, Sara T, Estela CO, Margarita PM, Guillermo ET, Fernando RDF, Javier SL, Carmen P. Stress, Depression, Resilience and Ageing: A Role for the LPA-LPA1 Pathway. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:271-283. [PMID: 28699486 PMCID: PMC5843979 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170710200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress affects health and the quality of life, with its effects being particularly relevant in ageing due to the psychobiological characteristics of this population. However, while some people develop psychiatric disorders, especially depression, others seem very capable of dealing with adversity. There is no doubt that along with the identification of neurobiological mechanisms involved in developing depression, discovering which factors are involved in positive adaptation under circumstances of extreme difficulty will be crucial for promoting resilience. METHODS Here, we review recent work in our laboratory, using an animal model lacking the LPA1 receptor, together with pharmacological studies and clinical evidence for the possible participation of the LPA1 receptor in mood and resilience to stress. RESULTS Substantial evidence has shown that the LPA1 receptor is involved in emotional regulation and in coping responses to chronic stress, which, if dysfunctional, may induce vulnerability to stress and predisposition to the development of depression. Given that there is commonality of mechanisms between those involved in negative consequences of stress and in ageing, this is not surprising, considering that the LPA1 receptor may be involved in coping with adversity during ageing. CONCLUSION Alterations in this receptor may be a susceptibility factor for the presence of depression and cognitive deficits in the elderly population. However, because this is only a promising hypothesis based on previous data, future studies should focus on the involvement of the LPA-LPA1 pathway in coping with stress and resilience in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno-Fernández Román Dario
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Tabbai Sara
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Castilla-Ortega Estela
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Pérez-Martín Margarita
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de
Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Estivill-Torrús Guillermo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitarios de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Santin Luis Javier
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Pedraza Carmen
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
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22
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Sánchez-Marín L, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Mañas-Padilla MC, Alén F, Moreno-Fernández RD, Díaz-Navarro C, Pérez-Del Palacio J, García-Fernández M, Pedraza C, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Serrano A, Castilla-Ortega E. Systemic blockade of LPA 1/3 lysophosphatidic acid receptors by ki16425 modulates the effects of ethanol on the brain and behavior. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:189-201. [PMID: 29378212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The systemic administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) LPA1/3 receptor antagonists is a promising clinical tool for cancer, sclerosis and fibrosis-related diseases. Since LPA1 receptor-null mice engage in increased ethanol consumption, we evaluated the effects of systemic administration of an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist (intraperitoneal ki16425, 20 mg/kg) on ethanol-related behaviors as well as on brain and plasma correlates. Acute administration of ki16425 reduced motivation for ethanol but not for saccharine in ethanol self-administering Wistar rats. Mouse experiments were conducted in two different strains. In Swiss mice, ki16425 treatment reduced both ethanol-induced sedation (loss of righting reflex, LORR) and ethanol reward (escalation in ethanol consumption and ethanol-induced conditioned place preference, CPP). Furthermore, in the CPP-trained Swiss mice, ki16425 prevented the effects of ethanol on basal c-Fos expression in the medial prefrontal cortex and on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In the c57BL6/J mouse strain, however, no effects of ki16425 on LORR or voluntary drinking were observed. The c57BL6/J mouse strain was then evaluated for ethanol withdrawal symptoms, which were attenuated when ethanol was preceded by ki16425 administration. In these animals, ki16425 modulated the expression of glutamate-related genes in brain limbic regions after ethanol exposure; and peripheral LPA signaling was dysregulated by either ki16425 or ethanol. Overall, these results suggest that LPA1/3 receptor antagonists might be a potential new class of drugs that are suitable for treating or preventing alcohol use disorders. A pharmacokinetic study revealed that systemic ki16425 showed poor brain penetration, suggesting the involvement of peripheral events to explain its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Marín
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Centro de Experimentación Animal, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Román D Moreno-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz-Navarro
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Del Palacio
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis J Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain.
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain.
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23
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Keijser JN, van Heuvelen MJG, Nyakas C, Tóth K, Schoemaker RG, Zeinstra E, van der Zee EA. WHOLE BODY VIBRATION IMPROVES ATTENTION AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN MICE DEPENDING ON THE DURATION OF THE WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION SESSION. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017. [PMID: 28638875 PMCID: PMC5471459 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Whole body vibration (WBV) is a form of physical stimulation via mechanical vibrations transmitted to a subject. It is assumed that WBV induces sensory stimulation in cortical brain regions through the activation of skin and muscle receptors responding to the vibration. The effects of WBV on muscle strength are well described. However, little is known about the impact of WBV on the brain. Recently, it was shown in humans that WBV improves attention in an acute WBV protocol. Preclinical research is needed to unravel the underlying brain mechanism. As a first step, we examined whether chronic WBV improves attention in mice. Material and Methods: A custom made vibrating platform for mice with low intensity vibrations was used. Male CD1 mice (3 months of age) received five weeks WBV (30 Hz; 1.9 G), five days a week with sessions of five (n=12) or 30 (n=10) minutes. Control mice (pseudo-WBV; n=12 and 10 for the five and 30 minute sessions, respectively) were treated in a similar way, but did not receive the actual vibration. Object recognition tasks were used as an attention test (novel and spatial object recognition – the primary outcome measure). A Balance beam was used for motor performance, serving as a secondary outcome measure. Results: WBV sessions of five (but not WBV sessions of 30 minutes) improved balance beam performance (mice gained 28% in time needed to cross the beam) and novel object recognition (mice paid significantly more attention to the novel object) as compared to pseudo WBV, but no change was found for spatial object performance (mice did not notice the relocation). Although 30 minutes WBV sessions were not beneficial, it did not impair either attention or motor performance. Conclusion: These results show that brief sessions of WBV improve, next to motor performance, attention for object recognition, but not spatial cues of the objects. The selective improvement of attention in mice opens the avenue to unravel the underlying brain mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan N Keijser
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke J G van Heuvelen
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Research Center for Sport and Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Tóth
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Research Center for Sport and Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edzard Zeinstra
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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24
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maLPA1-null mice as an endophenotype of anxious depression. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1077. [PMID: 28375206 PMCID: PMC5416683 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxious depression is a prevalent disease with devastating consequences and a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this mood disorder remain poorly characterized. The LPA1 receptor is one of the six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6) through which lysophosphatidic acid acts as an intracellular signalling molecule. The loss of this receptor induces anxiety and several behavioural and neurobiological changes that have been strongly associated with depression. In this study, we sought to investigate the involvement of the LPA1 receptor in mood. We first examined hedonic and despair-like behaviours in wild-type and maLPA1 receptor null mice. Owing to the behavioural response exhibited by the maLPA1-null mice, the panic-like reaction was assessed. In addition, c-Fos expression was evaluated as a measure of the functional activity, followed by interregional correlation matrices to establish the brain map of functional activation. maLPA1-null mice exhibited anhedonia, agitation and increased stress reactivity, behaviours that are strongly associated with the psychopathological endophenotype of depression with anxiety features. Furthermore, the functional brain maps differed between the genotypes. The maLPA1-null mice showed increased limbic-system activation, similar to that observed in depressive patients. Antidepressant treatment induced behavioural improvements and functional brain normalisation. Finally, based on validity criteria, maLPA1-null mice are proposed as an animal model of anxious depression. Here, for we believe the first time, we have identified a possible relationship between the LPA1 receptor and anxious depression, shedding light on the unknown neurobiological basis of this subtype of depression and providing an opportunity to explore new therapeutic targets for the treatment of mood disorders, especially for the anxious subtype of depression.
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25
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Kim HJ, Kim DJ, Shin EJ, Lee BH, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Rhim H, Cho IH, Kim HC, Nah SY. Effects of gintonin-enriched fraction on hippocampal cell proliferation in wild-type mice and an APPswe/PSEN-1 double Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:56-65. [PMID: 27765516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that gintonin, an exogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, attenuated β-amyloid plaque formation in the cortex and hippocampus, and restored β-amyloid-induced memory dysfunction. Both endogenous LPA and LPA receptors play a key role in embryonic brain development. However, little is known about whether gintonin can induce hippocampal cell proliferation in adult wild-type mice and an APPswe/PSEN-1 double Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we examined the effects of gintonin on the proliferation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro and its effects on the hippocampal cell proliferation in wild-type mice and a transgenic AD mouse model. Gintonin treatment increased 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in hippocampal NPCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gintonin (0.3 μg/ml) increased the immunostaining of glial fibrillary acidic protein, NeuN, and LPA1 receptor in hippocampal NPCs. However, the gintonin-induced increase in BrdU incorporation and immunostaining of biomarkers was blocked by an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist and Ca2+ chelator. Oral administration of the gintonin-enriched fraction (50 and 100 mg/kg) increased hippocampal BrdU incorporation and LPA1/3 receptor expression in adult wild-type and transgenic AD mice. The present study showed that gintonin could increase the number of hippocampal neurons in adult wild-type mice and a transgenic AD mouse model. Our results indicate that gintonin-mediated hippocampal cell proliferation contributes to the gintonin-mediated restorative effect against β-amyloid-induced hippocampal dysfunction. These results support the use of gintonin for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD via promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Joong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Castilla-Ortega E, Blanco E, Serrano A, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Pedraz M, Estivill-Torrús G, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ. Pharmacological reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis modifies functional brain circuits in mice exposed to a cocaine conditioned place preference paradigm. Addict Biol 2016; 21:575-88. [PMID: 25870909 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) behaviour and the functional brain circuitry involved. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was pharmacologically reduced with temozolomide (TMZ), and mice were tested for cocaine-induced CPP to study c-Fos expression in the hippocampus and in extrahippocampal addiction-related areas. Correlational and multivariate analysis revealed that, under normal conditions, the hippocampus showed widespread functional connectivity with other brain areas and strongly contributed to the functional brain module associated with CPP expression. However, the neurogenesis-reduced mice showed normal CPP acquisition but engaged an alternate brain circuit where the functional connectivity of the dentate gyrus was notably reduced and other areas (the medial prefrontal cortex, accumbens and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus) were recruited instead of the hippocampus. A second experiment unveiled that mice acquiring the cocaine-induced CPP under neurogenesis-reduced conditions were delayed in extinguishing their drug-seeking behaviour. But if the inhibited neurons were generated after CPP acquisition, extinction was not affected but an enhanced long-term CPP retention was found, suggesting that some roles of the adult-born neurons may differ depending on whether they are generated before or after drug-contextual associations are established. Importantly, cocaine-induced reinstatement of CPP behaviour was increased in the TMZ mice, regardless of the time of neurogenesis inhibition. The results show that adult hippocampal neurogenesis sculpts the addiction-related functional brain circuits, and reduction of the adult-born hippocampal neurons increases cocaine seeking in the CPP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- Departament de Pedagogia i Psicología; Facultat d'Educació, Psicologia i Treball Social; Universitat de Lleida; Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
| | - María Pedraz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Neurociencias y ECAI de Microscopía; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria; Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
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27
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Castilla-Ortega E, Pavón FJ, Sánchez-Marín L, Estivill-Torrús G, Pedraza C, Blanco E, Suárez J, Santín L, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A. Both genetic deletion and pharmacological blockade of lysophosphatidic acid LPA1 receptor results in increased alcohol consumption. Neuropharmacology 2016; 103:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, Rivera P, Estivill-Torrús G, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Castilla-Ortega E. Cocaine-conditioned place preference is predicted by previous anxiety-like behavior and is related to an increased number of neurons in the basolateral amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2016; 298:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Activation of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Type 1 Contributes to Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurosci 2015; 35:10224-35. [PMID: 26180199 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4703-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an extracellular lipid mediator involved in many physiological functions that signals through six known G-protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-LPA6). A wide range of LPA effects have been identified in the CNS, including neural progenitor cell physiology, astrocyte and microglia activation, neuronal cell death, axonal retraction, and development of neuropathic pain. However, little is known about the involvement of LPA in CNS pathologies. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that LPA signaling via LPA1 contributes to secondary damage after spinal cord injury. LPA levels increase in the contused spinal cord parenchyma during the first 14 d. To model this potential contribution of LPA in the spinal cord, we injected LPA into the normal spinal cord, revealing that LPA induces microglia/macrophage activation and demyelination. Use of a selective LPA1 antagonist or mice lacking LPA1 linked receptor-mediated signaling to demyelination, which was in part mediated by microglia. Finally, we demonstrate that selective blockade of LPA1 after spinal cord injury results in reduced demyelination and improvement in locomotor recovery. Overall, these results support LPA-LPA1 signaling as a novel pathway that contributes to secondary damage after spinal cord contusion in mice and suggest that LPA1 antagonism might be useful for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study reveals that LPA signaling via LPA receptor type 1 activation causes demyelination and functional deficits after spinal cord injury.
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30
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Kim HJ, Shin EJ, Lee BH, Choi SH, Jung SW, Cho IH, Hwang SH, Kim JY, Han JS, Chung C, Jang CG, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. Oral Administration of Gintonin Attenuates Cholinergic Impairments by Scopolamine, Amyloid-β Protein, and Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Cells 2015; 38:796-805. [PMID: 26255830 PMCID: PMC4588723 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gintonin is a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. Oral administration of gintonin ameliorates learning and memory dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models. The brain cholinergic system plays a key role in cognitive functions. The brains of AD patients show a reduction in acetylcholine concentration caused by cholinergic system impairments. However, little is known about the role of LPA in the cholinergic system. In this study, we used gintonin to investigate the effect of LPA receptor activation on the cholinergic system in vitro and in vivo using wild-type and AD animal models. Gintonin induced [Ca(2+)]i transient in cultured mouse hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients were linked to stimulation of acetylcholine release through LPA receptor activation. Oral administration of gintonin-enriched fraction (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, 3 weeks) significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Oral administration of gintonin (25 or 50 mg/kg, 2 weeks) also significantly attenuated amyloid-β protein (Aβ)-induced cholinergic dysfunctions, such as decreased acetylcholine concentration, decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and immunoreactivity, and increased acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. In a transgenic AD mouse model, long-term oral administration of gintonin (25 or 50 mg/kg, 3 months) also attenuated AD-related cholinergic impairments. In this study, we showed that activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors by gintonin is coupled to the regulation of cholinergic functions. Furthermore, this study showed that gintonin could be a novel agent for the restoration of cholinergic system damages due to Aβ and could be utilized for AD prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Seok-Won Jung
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, and Institute of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701,
Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702,
Korea
| | - Joon Yong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 139-791,
Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
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31
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Mendez M, Arias N, Uceda S, Arias JL. c-Fos expression correlates with performance on novel object and novel place recognition tests. Brain Res Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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32
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A critical appraisal of the what-where-when episodic-like memory test in rodents: Achievements, caveats and future directions. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 130:71-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Belblidia H, Abdelouadoud A, Jozet-Alves C, Dumas H, Freret T, Leger M, Schumann-Bard P. Time decay of object, place and temporal order memory in a paradigm assessing simultaneously episodic-like memory components in mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 286:80-4. [PMID: 25732955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A common trait of numerous memory disorders is the impairment of episodic memory. Episodic memory is a delay-dependant memory, especially associating three components, the "what", "where" and "when" of a unique event. To investigate underlying mechanisms of such memory, several tests, mainly based on object exploration behaviour, have been set up in rodents. Recently, a three-trial object recognition task has been proposed to evaluate simultaneously the different components of episodic-like memory in rodents. However, to date, the time course of each memory component in this paradigm is not known. We characterised here the time course of memory decay in adult mice during the three-trial object recognition task, with inter-trial interval (ITI) ranging from 1h to 4h. We found that, with 1h and 2h, but not 4h ITI, mice spent more time to explore the displaced "old object" relative to the displaced "recent object", reflecting memory for "what and when". Concomitantly, animals exhibited more exploration time for the displaced "old object" relative to the stationary "old object", reflecting memory for "what and where". These results provide strong evidence that mice establish an integrated memory for unique experience consisting of the "what", "where" and "when" that can persist until 2h ITI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassina Belblidia
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France; Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, 16111 Alger, Algeria
| | - Abdelmalek Abdelouadoud
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, 16111 Alger, Algeria
| | - Christelle Jozet-Alves
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Hélène Dumas
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Marianne Leger
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Pascale Schumann-Bard
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France.
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34
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García-Díaz B, Riquelme R, Varela-Nieto I, Jiménez AJ, de Diego I, Gómez-Conde AI, Matas-Rico E, Aguirre JÁ, Chun J, Pedraza C, Santín LJ, Fernández O, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Estivill-Torrús G. Loss of lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA1 alters oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the mouse cerebral cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:3701-20. [PMID: 25226845 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an intercellular signaling lipid that regulates multiple cellular functions, acting through specific G-protein coupled receptors (LPA(1-6)). Our previous studies using viable Malaga variant maLPA1-null mice demonstrated the requirement of the LPA1 receptor for normal proliferation, differentiation, and survival of the neuronal precursors. In the cerebral cortex LPA1 is expressed extensively in differentiating oligodendrocytes, in parallel with myelination. Although exogenous LPA-induced effects have been investigated in myelinating cells, the in vivo contribution of LPA1 to normal myelination remains to be demonstrated. This study identified a relevant in vivo role for LPA1 as a regulator of cortical myelination. Immunochemical analysis in adult maLPA1-null mice demonstrated a reduction in the steady-state levels of the myelin proteins MBP, PLP/DM20, and CNPase in the cerebral cortex. The myelin defects were confirmed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Stereological analysis limited the defects to adult differentiating oligodendrocytes, without variation in the NG2+ precursor cells. Finally, a possible mechanism involving oligodendrocyte survival was demonstrated by the impaired intracellular transport of the PLP/DM20 myelin protein which was accompanied by cellular loss, suggesting stress-induced apoptosis. These findings describe a previously uncharacterized in vivo functional role for LPA1 in the regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the CNS, underlining the importance of the maLPA1-null mouse as a model for the study of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz García-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Investigación, UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Hospital Civil, Pabellón 5, Planta Sótano, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, 29009, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Clinical Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Raquel Riquelme
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel de Diego
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Gómez-Conde
- ECAI de Microscopía, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elisa Matas-Rico
- Laboratorio de Investigación, UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Hospital Civil, Pabellón 5, Planta Sótano, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, 29009, Málaga, Spain.,Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José Ángel Aguirre
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana y Educación Físico Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Centre, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernández
- Neurology Service, UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Laboratorio de Investigación, UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Hospital Civil, Pabellón 5, Planta Sótano, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, 29009, Málaga, Spain. .,ECAI de Microscopía, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
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Castilla-Ortega E, Escuredo L, Bilbao A, Pedraza C, Orio L, Estivill-Torrús G, Santín LJ, de Fonseca FR, Pavón FJ. 1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid: a new mediator of emotional behavior in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85348. [PMID: 24409327 PMCID: PMC3883702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the control of emotional behavior remains to be determined. We analyzed the effects of the central administration of 1-oleoyl-LPA (LPA 18∶1) in rats tested for food consumption and anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. For this purpose, the elevated plus-maze, open field, Y maze, forced swimming and food intake tests were performed. In addition, c-Fos expression in the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) was also determined. The results revealed that the administration of LPA 18∶1 reduced the time in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and induced hypolocomotion in the open field, suggesting an anxiogenic-like phenotype. Interestingly, these effects were present following LPA 18∶1 infusion under conditions of novelty but not under habituation conditions. In the forced swimming test, the administration of LPA 18∶1 dose-dependently increased depression-like behavior, as evaluated according to immobility time. LPA treatment induced no effects on feeding. However, the immunohistochemical analysis revealed that LPA 18∶1 increased c-Fos expression in the DPAG. The abundant expression of the LPA1 receptor, one of the main targets for LPA 18∶1, was detected in this brain area, which participates in the control of emotional behavior, using immunocytochemistry. These findings indicate that LPA is a relevant transmitter potentially involved in normal and pathological emotional responses, including anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Leticia Escuredo
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Bilbao
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (LJS); (FRDF)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (LJS); (FRDF)
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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Castilla-Ortega E, Rosell-Valle C, Pedraza C, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Estivill-Torrús G, Santín LJ. Voluntary exercise followed by chronic stress strikingly increases mature adult-born hippocampal neurons and prevents stress-induced deficits in 'what-when-where' memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 109:62-73. [PMID: 24333647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether voluntary exercise prevents the deleterious effects of chronic stress on episodic-like memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. After bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) administration, mice were assigned to receive standard housing, chronic intermittent restraint stress, voluntary exercise or a combination of both (stress starting on the seventh day of exercise). Twenty-four days later, mice were tested in a 'what-when-where' object recognition memory task. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis) and c-Fos expression in the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal areas (medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, accumbens and perirhinal cortex) were assessed after behavior. Chronic intermittent restraint stress impaired neurogenesis and the 'when' memory, while exercise promoted neurogenesis and improved the 'where' memory. The 'when' and 'where' memories correlated with c-Fos expression in CA1 and the dentate gyrus, respectively. Furthermore, analysis suggested that each treatment induced a distinct pattern of functional connectivity among the areas analyzed for c-Fos. In the animals in which stress and exercise were combined, stress notably reduced the amount of voluntary exercise performed. Nevertheless, exercise still improved memory and counteracted the stress induced-deficits in neurogenesis and behavior. Interestingly, compared with the other three treatments, the stressed exercising animals showed a larger increase in cell survival, the maturation of new neurons and apoptosis in the dentate gyrus, with a considerable increase in the number of 24-day-old BrdU+cells that differentiated into mature neurons. The interaction between exercise and stress in enhancing the number of adult-born hippocampal neurons supports a role of exercise-induced neurogenesis in stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain.
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Unidad de Microscopía and Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis J Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Castilla-Ortega E, Rosell-Valle C, Blanco E, Pedraza C, Chun J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Estivill-Torrús G, Santín LJ. Reduced wheel running and blunted effects of voluntary exercise in LPA1-null mice: the importance of assessing the amount of running in transgenic mice studies. Neurosci Res 2013; 77:170-9. [PMID: 24055600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed to assess whether voluntary exercise rescued behavioral and hippocampal alterations in mice lacking the lysophosphatidic acid LPA1 receptor (LPA1-null mice), studying the potential relationship between the amount of exercise performed and its effects. Normal and LPA1-null mice underwent 23 days of free wheel running and were tested for open-field behavior and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (cell proliferation, immature neurons, cell survival). Running decreased anxiety-like behavior in both genotypes but increased exploration only in the normal mice. While running affected all neurogenesis-related measures in normal mice (especially in the suprapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus), only a moderate increase in cell survival was found in the mutants. Importantly, the LPA1-nulls showed notably reduced running. Analysis suggested that defective running in the LPA1-null mice could contribute to explain the scarce benefit of the voluntary exercise treatment. On the other hand, a literature review revealed that voluntary exercise is frequently used to modulate behavior and the hippocampus in transgenic mice, but half of the studies did not assess the quantity of running, overlooking any potential running impairments. This study adds evidence to the relevance of the quantity of exercise performed, emphasizing the importance of its assessment in transgenic mice research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain.
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Barbosa FF, Santos JR, Meurer YSR, Macêdo PT, Ferreira LMS, Pontes IMO, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH. Differential Cortical c-Fos and Zif-268 Expression after Object and Spatial Memory Processing in a Standard or Episodic-Like Object Recognition Task. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:112. [PMID: 23986669 PMCID: PMC3749513 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory reflects the capacity to recollect what, where, and when a specific event happened in an integrative manner. Animal studies have suggested that the medial temporal lobe and the medial pre-frontal cortex are important for episodic-like memory (ELM) formation. The goal of present study was to evaluate whether there are different patterns of expression of the immediate early genes c-Fos and Zif-268 in these cortical areas after rats are exposed to object recognition (OR) tasks with different cognitive demands. Male rats were randomly assigned to five groups: home cage control, empty open field (CTR-OF), open field with one object (CTR-OF + Obj), novel OR task, and ELM task and were killed 1 h after the last behavioral procedure. Rats were able to discriminate the objects in the OR task. In the ELM task, rats showed spatial (but not temporal) discrimination of the objects. We found an increase in the c-Fos expression in the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) and in the perirhinal cortex (PRh) in the OR and ELM groups. The OR group also presented an increase of c-Fos expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Additionally, the OR and ELM groups had increased expression of Zif-268 in the mPFC. Moreover, Zif-268 was increased in the dorsal CA1 and PRh only in the ELM group. In conclusion, the pattern of activation was different in tasks with different cognitive demands. Accordingly, correlation tests suggest the engagement of different neural networks in the tasks used. Specifically, perirhinal-DG co-activation was detected after the what-where memory retrieval, but not after the novel OR task. Both regions correlated with the respective behavioral outcome. These findings can be helpful in the understanding of the neural networks underlying memory tasks with different cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Freitas Barbosa
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Tavares Macêdo
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Luane M. Stamatto Ferreira
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Isabella M. Oliveira Pontes
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Silva
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Svarnik OE, Bulava AI, Alexandrov YI. Expression of c-Fos in the rat retrosplenial cortex during instrumental re-learning of appetitive bar-pressing depends on the number of stages of previous training. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:78. [PMID: 23847484 PMCID: PMC3701253 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning is known to be accompanied by induction of c-Fos expression in cortical neurons. However, not all neurons are involved in this process. What the c-Fos expression pattern depends on is still unknown. In the present work we studied whether and to what degree previous animal experience about Task 1 (the first phase of an instrumental learning) influenced neuronal c-Fos expression in the retrosplenial cortex during acquisition of Task 2 (the second phase of an instrumental learning). Animals were progressively shaped across days to bar-press for food at the left side of the experimental chamber (Task 1). This appetitive bar-pressing behavior was shaped by nine stages (“9 stages” group), five stages (“5 stages” group) or one intermediate stage (“1 stage” group). After all animals acquired the first skill and practiced it for five days, the bar and feeder on the left, familiar side of the chamber were inactivated, and the animals were allowed to learn a similar instrumental task at the opposite side of the chamber using another pair of a bar and a feeder (Task 2). The highest number of c-Fos positive neurons was found in the retrosplenial cortex of “1 stage” animals as compared to the other groups. The number of c-Fos positive neurons in “5 stages” group animals was significantly lower than in “1 stage” animals and significantly higher than in “9 stages” animals. The number of c-Fos positive neurons in the cortex of “9 stages” animals was significantly higher than in home caged control animals. At the same time, there were no significant differences between groups in such behavioral variables as the number of entrees into the feeder or bar zones during Task 2 learning. Our results suggest that c-Fos expression in the retrosplenial cortex during Task 2 acquisition was influenced by the previous learning history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Svarnik
- V.B. Shvyrkov Laboratory of Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia ; Laboratory of Systems Neurophysiology and Neuronal Interfaces, Neuroscience Department, Kurchatov NBICS-Center Moscow, Russia
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Pedraza C, Sánchez-López J, Castilla-Ortega E, Rosell-Valle C, Zambrana-Infantes E, García-Fernández M, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Chun J, Santín LJ, Estivill-Torrús G. Fear extinction and acute stress reactivity reveal a role of LPA(1) receptor in regulating emotional-like behaviors. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 219:1659-72. [PMID: 23775489 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
LPA1 receptor is one of the six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6) through which lysophosphatidic acid acts as an intercellular signaling molecule. It has been proposed that this receptor has a role in controlling anxiety-like behaviors and in the detrimental consequences of stress. Here, we sought to establish the involvement of the LPA1 receptor in emotional regulation. To this end, we examined fear extinction in LPA1-null mice, wild-type and LPA1 antagonist-treated animals. In LPA1-null mice we also characterized the morphology and GABAergic properties of the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, the expression of c-Fos protein in the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex, and the corticosterone response following acute stress were examined in both genotypes. Our data indicated that the absence of the LPA1 receptor significantly inhibited fear extinction. Treatment of wild-type mice with the LPA1 antagonist Ki16425 mimicked the behavioral phenotype of LPA1-null mice, revealing that the LPA1 receptor was involved in extinction. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed a reduction in the number of neurons, GABA+ cells, calcium-binding proteins and the volume of the amygdala in LPA1-null mice. Following acute stress, LPA1-null mice showed increased corticosterone and c-Fos expression in the amygdala. In conclusion, LPA1 receptor is involved in emotional behaviors and in the anatomical integrity of the corticolimbic circuit, the deregulation of which may be a susceptibility factor for anxiety disorders and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, 29071, Spain,
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Leger M, Quiedeville A, Paizanis E, Natkunarajah S, Freret T, Boulouard M, Schumann-Bard P. Environmental enrichment enhances episodic-like memory in association with a modified neuronal activation profile in adult mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48043. [PMID: 23110171 PMCID: PMC3478271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although environmental enrichment is well known to improve learning and memory in rodents, the underlying neuronal networks' plasticity remains poorly described. Modifications of the brain activation pattern by enriched condition (EC), especially in the frontal cortex and the baso-lateral amygdala, have been reported during an aversive memory task in rodents. The aims of our study were to examine 1) whether EC modulates episodic-like memory in an object recognition task and 2) whether EC modulates the task-induced neuronal networks. To this end, adult male mice were housed either in standard condition (SC) or in EC for three weeks before behavioral experiments (n = 12/group). Memory performances were examined in an object recognition task performed in a Y-maze with a 2-hour or 24-hour delay between presentation and test (inter-session intervals, ISI). To characterize the mechanisms underlying the promnesiant effect of EC, the brain activation profile was assessed after either the presentation or the test sessions using immunohistochemical techniques with c-Fos as a neuronal activation marker. EC did not modulate memory performances after a 2 h-ISI, but extended object recognition memory to a 24 h-ISI. In contrast, SC mice did not discriminate the novel object at this ISI. Compared to SC mice, no activation related to the presentation session was found in selected brain regions of EC mice (in particular, no effect was found in the hippocampus and the perirhinal cortex and a reduced activation was found in the baso-lateral amygdala). On the other hand, an activation of the hippocampus and the infralimbic cortex was observed after the test session for EC, but not SC mice. These results suggest that the persistence of object recognition memory in EC could be related to a reorganization of neuronal networks occurring as early as the memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Leger
- Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité Comportementale-GMPc, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4259, Caen, France.
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