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Kim DH, Han JS, Kim GJ, Basurrah MA, Hwang SH. Clinical predictors of polyps recurring in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinology 2023; 61:482-497. [PMID: 37453133 DOI: 10.4193/rhin23.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of perioperative risk factors for recurrent nasal polyps (RNPs) is important for selection of further treatment and determination of appropriate follow-up period. However, the relative prognostic significance of these risk factors has not been investigated. METHODOLOGY We compared the nasal symptoms, endoscopic polyp and Lund-Mackey computed tomography scores, and the laboratory and pathological findings of RNP and non-RNP patients. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Patients with poor nasal symptom scores and olfactory dysfunctions and high Lund-Mackey computed tomography scores were at higher risk of postoperative RNPs, as were those with allergic conditions and elevated tissue and serum eosinophil levels. The tissue neutrophil counts/percentages were significantly lower in the RNP than the other group. The tissue eosinophil level was of higher diagnostic utility than the serum eosinophil level. The RNP diagnostic odds ratio afforded by the tissue eosinophil count or percentage was 54.1247. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.936. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.8809 and 0.8834, respectively. CONCLUSION The tissue eosinophil level reliably predicts RNP after endoscopic sinus surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Saint Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Saint Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - G J Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Saint Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - M A Basurrah
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - S H Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon Saint Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HG, Ro MH, Hwang SH, Lee M. Transformed cells maintain survival by downregulating autophagy at a high cell confluency. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2468-2480. [PMID: 37566647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a dual role in tumorigenesis by functioning as both a tumor suppressor and promoter, depending on the stage of tumorigenesis. However, it is still unclear at what stage the role of autophagy changes during tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated the differences in the basal levels and roles of autophagy in five cell lines at different stages of cell transformation. We found that cell lines at higher transformation stages were more sensitive to the autophagy inhibitors, suggesting that autophagy plays a more important role as the transformation progresses. Our ptfLC3 imaging analysis to measure Atg5/LC3-dependent autophagy showed increased autophagic flux in transformed cells compared to untransformed cells. However, the Cyto-ID analysis, which measures Atg5-dependent and -independent autophagic flux, showed high levels of autophagosome formation not only in the transformed cells but also in the initiated cell and Atg5 KO cell line. These results indicate that Atg5-independent autophagy may be more critical in initiated and transformed cell lines than in untransformed cells. Specially, we observed that transformed cells maintained relatively high basal autophagy levels under rapidly proliferating conditions but exhibited much lower basal autophagy levels at high confluency; however, autophagic flux was not significantly reduced in untransformed cells, even at high confluency. In addition, when continuously cultured for 3 weeks without passage, senescent cells were significantly less sensitive to autophagy inhibition than their actively proliferating counterparts. These results imply that once a cell has switched from a proliferative state to a senescent state, the inhibition of autophagy has only a minimal effect. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy can be differentially regulated in cells at different stages of tumorigenesis under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Gyo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Han Ro
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
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Won KJ, Lee R, Choi SH, Kim JH, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Gintonin-Induced Wound-Healing-Related Responses Involve Epidermal-Growth-Factor-like Effects in Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14094. [PMID: 37762395 PMCID: PMC10531430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor activation and related downstream signaling pathways are known to be one of the major mechanisms of the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. The heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) binds to EGF receptors and stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Gintonin, a novel ginseng compound, is a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. Gintonin has skin-wound-healing effects. However, the underlying mechanisms for these gintonin actions remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the involvement of EGFRs in gintonin-induced wound repair in HaCaT keratinocytes. In this study, a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-based assay, a modified Boyden chamber migration assay, and immunoblotting were performed. Gintonin increased EGF receptor activation in HaCaT cells. However, the gintonin-induced phosphorylation of the EGF receptor was markedly reduced via treatment with the LPA inhibitor Ki16425 or the EGF receptor inhibitor erlotinib. Gintonin-enhanced proliferation and migration were blocked by the EGF receptor inhibitors (erlotinib and AG1478). Additionally, gintonin stimulated the expression and release of HB-EGF in HaCaT cells. EGF receptor inhibitors blocked gintonin-enhanced HB-EGF expression. These results indicate that the wound-healing effects of gintonin are closely related to the collaboration between EGF receptor activation and HB-EGF release-mediated downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
| | - Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Department of Animal Health, College of Health and Medical Services, Osan University, Osan 18119, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Hun Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (J.-H.K.)
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Shin HJ, Son NH, Hwang SH, Song K. Reliability of synthetic diffusion-weighted imaging with a high b-value for paediatric abdominal MRI. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:616-621. [PMID: 37149417 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the reliability of synthetic diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using a high b-value in comparison to conventional DWI for paediatric abdominal MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paediatric patients (<19 years old) who underwent liver or pancreatobiliary MRI with DWI using 10 b-values (b = 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,500 s/mm2) from March to October 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Using the software, synthetic DWI using b = 1,500 s/mm2 was generated automatically by selecting the b-value required as output. Conventional and synthetic DWI values for b = 1,500 s/mm2 were measured at the liver, spleen, paraspinal muscle, and mass lesions, if present, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated using the mono-exponential model. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess the reliability of conventional and synthetic DWI and ADC values with b = 1,500 s/mm2. RESULTS Thirty paediatric patients (M:F = 22:8, mean 10.8 ± 3.1 years old) were included and four had tumours on abdominal MRI. ICC values were 0.906-0.995 between conventional and synthetic DWI and ADC with b = 1,500 s/mm2 in the liver, spleen and muscle. For mass lesions, ICC values were 0.997-0.999 for both synthetic DWI and ADC images. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic DWI and ADC values obtained using a high b-value showed excellent agreement with conventional DWI for the liver, spleen, muscle, and mass in paediatric MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Shin
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea.
| | - N-H Son
- Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - K Song
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea
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Lee R, Kim JH, Hwang H, Rhim H, Hwang SH, Cho IH, Kim DG, Kim HC, Nah SY. Preparation of Red Ginseng Marc-Derived Gintonin and Its Application as a Skin Nutrient. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112574. [PMID: 37299538 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the traditional herbal medicines for tonic. Gintonin is a new material derived from white/red ginseng and its lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) play as a ligand for G protein-coupled LPA receptors. Korean red ginseng marc (KRGM) is a by-product after the KRG processes. We developed a low-cost/high-efficiency method for KRGM gintonin production. We further studied the KRGM gintonin-mediated anti-skin aging effects under UVB exposure using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). KRGM gintonin yield is about 8%. KRGM gintonin contains a high amount of LPA C18:2, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and phosphatidylcholine (PC), which is similar to white ginseng gintonin. KRGM gintonin induced [Ca2+]i transient via LPA1/3 receptors and increased cell viability/proliferation under UVB exposure. The underlying mechanisms of these results are associated with the antioxidant action of KRGM gintonin. KRGM gintonin attenuated UVB-induced cell senescence by inhibiting cellular β-galactosidase overexpression and facilitated wound healing. These results indicate that KRGM can be a novel bioresource of KRGM gintonin, which can be industrially utilized as new material for skin nutrition and/or skin healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Lee R, Cho HS, Kim JH, Cho HJ, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Rhim H, Cho IH, Rhee MH, Kim DG, Kim HC, Nah SY. A novel protocol for batch-separating gintonin-enriched, polysaccharide-enriched, and crude ginsenoside-containing fractions from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2022; 47:366-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Hwang SH, Kim HG, Lee M. Paradoxical downregulation of LPAR3 exerts tumor-promoting activity through autophagy induction in Ras-transformed cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:969. [PMID: 36088312 PMCID: PMC9463806 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPAR3) is coupled to Gαi/o and Gα11/q signaling. Previously, we reported that LPAR3 is highly methylated in carcinogen-induced transformed cells. Here, we demonstrate that LPAR3 exhibits malignant transforming activities, despite being downregulated in transformed cells. Methods The LPAR3 knockout (KO) in NIH 3 T3 and Bhas 42 cells was established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Both RT-PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to confirm the KO of LPAR3. The cellular effects of LPAR3 KO were further examined by WST-1 assay, immunoblotting analysis, transwell migration assay, colony formation assay, wound scratch assday, in vitro cell transformation assay, and autophagy assay. Results In v-H-ras-transformed cells (Ras-NIH 3 T3) with LPAR3 downregulation, ectopic expression of LPAR3 significantly enhanced the migration. In particular, LPAR3 knockout (KO) in Bhas 42 (v-Ha-ras transfected Balb/c 3 T3) and NIH 3 T3 cells caused a decrease in cell survival, transformed foci, and colony formation. LPAR3 KO led to the robust accumulation of LC3-II and autophagosomes and inhibition of autophagic flux by disrupting autophagosome fusion with lysosome. Conversely, autolysosome maturation proceeded normally in Ras-NIH 3 T3 cells upon LPAR3 downregulation. Basal phosphorylation of MEK and ERK markedly increased in Ras-NIH 3 T3 cells, whereas being significantly lower in LPAR3 KO cells, suggesting that increased MEK signaling is involved in autophagosome–lysosome fusion in Ras-NIH 3 T3 cells. Conclusions Paradoxical downregulation of LPAR3 exerts cooperative tumor-promoting activity with MEK activation through autophagy induction in Ras-transformed cells. Our findings have implications for the development of cancer chemotherapeutic approaches. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10053-0.
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Yeom H, Hwang SH, Kim HG, Lee M. Increase in the sensitivity to PLX4720 through inhibition of transcription factor EB-dependent autophagy in BRAF inhibitor-resistant cells. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:35-44. [PMID: 35070939 PMCID: PMC8748576 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term treatment with oncogenic BRAF inhibitors confers resistance to BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. In this study, a combination treatment strategy with autophagy inhibitors was proposed to increase the sensitivity of BRAF mutant containing A375P melanoma cells that have developed resistance to BRAF inhibitors. We found that the A375P/Multi-drug resistance (A375P/Mdr) cells, which are resistant to both BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors, exhibited a higher basal autophagic flux compared to their parental A375P cells, as determined by tandem mRFP-GFP-tagged LC3 imaging assay and LC3 conversion. In addition, transcription factor EB (TFEB), which acts as a transcription factor regulating the transcription of autophagy-related genes, was much more localized in the nucleus in A375P/Mdr cells than in A375P cells, indicating that the increase in basal autophagic flux was TFEB-dependent. In particular, the overexpression of an activated form of TFEB (TFEBAA) caused a modest increase in PLX4720 resistance in A375P/Mdr cells. Interestingly, treatment with early stage autophagy inhibitors reversed BRAF inhibitor-induced resistance, whereas late autophagy inhibition did not. In contrast, inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyric acid suppressed basal autophagic flux. Moreover, ER stress inhibition significantly remarkably inhibited the nuclear localization of TFEB, resulting in an increase in the sensitivity of A375P/Mdr cells to PLX4720. Taken together, these results suggest that autophagy may be an important mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Thus, targeting autophagy may be suitable for the treatment of tumors resistant to BRAF inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Yeom
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Gyo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
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Lee JM, Hwang SH, Lee KB, Byun JI, Hwang HY. Standardization of 129I using the movable 4πβ(LS)-X(NaI(Tl)) system. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 179:110022. [PMID: 34781075 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 129I standardization, using the movable 4πβ(LS)-X(NaI(Tl)) coincidence system, was performed for two 129I radioactive sources - one was dissolved in 0.1M NaOH solution and the other in 0.1M HNO3 solution. The system incorporates three movable PM tubes for a β-counter placed on a plane and a X-ray detector that can be moved up to the bottom of the vial. The β-efficiency depending on the amount of radioactive solution was investigated with 14 liquid scintillation samples prepared by gravimetrically dispensing 4.4-145 mg of 129I radioactive solution. The β-efficiencies above 90% were observed at less than 56 mg, but it was at most 70% at 145 mg. This occurred regardless of the activity of the sample or the type of chemical solution used to dissolve 129I source. The activity concentration of each 129I source was determined by efficiency-extrapolation method for samples with an activity range of 0.28-4.5 kBq. The β-efficiency points were derived over 10 intervals by moving 3-PM tubes in fine steps of about 1 mm from the sample. The highest value for β-efficiency was 95%. The combined uncertainty were 0.25% and 0.26%, respectively. The stated precision obtained using the system is better than that previously reported in the literature obtained by the triple to double coincidence ratio (TDCR) or the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - J I Byun
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 62, South Korea
| | - H Y Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea.
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Choi SH, Won KJ, Lee R, Cho HS, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Wound Healing Effect of Gintonin Involves Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810155. [PMID: 34576317 PMCID: PMC8467330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gintonin, a novel compound of ginseng, is a ligand of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor. The in vitro and in vivo skin wound healing effects of gintonin remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gintonin on wound healing-linked responses, especially migration and proliferation, in skin keratinocytes HaCaT. In this study, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide assay, Boyden chamber migration assay, scratch wound healing assay, and Western blot assay were performed. A tail wound mouse model was used for the in vivo test. Gintonin increased proliferation, migration, and scratch closure in HaCaT cells. It also increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HaCaT cells. However, these increases, induced by gintonin, were markedly blocked by treatment with Ki16425, an LPA inhibitor, PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl ester), a calcium chelator, and U73122, a PLC inhibitor. The VEGF receptor inhibitor axitinib also attenuated gintonin-enhanced HaCaT cell proliferation. Gintonin increased the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in HaCaT cells. In addition, gintonin improved tail wound healing in mice. These results indicate that gintonin may promote wound healing through LPA receptor activation and/or VEGF release-mediated downstream signaling pathways. Thus, gintonin could be a beneficial substance to facilitate skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (R.L.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (R.L.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Han-Sung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (R.L.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.N.); Tel.: +82-33-738-7922 (S.-H.H.); +82-2-450-4154 (S.-Y.N.)
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (R.L.); (H.-S.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.N.); Tel.: +82-33-738-7922 (S.-H.H.); +82-2-450-4154 (S.-Y.N.)
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Hwang SH, Ah YM, Jun KH, Jung JW, Kang MG, Park HK, Lee EK, Park HK, Chung JE, Kim SH, Lee JY. Development and Validation of a Trigger Tool for Identifying Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18168572. [PMID: 34444320 PMCID: PMC8391800 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are various trigger tools for detecting adverse drug events (ADEs), however, a drug-related emergency department (ED) visit trigger tool (DrEDTT) has not yet been developed. We aimed to develop and validate a DrEDTT with a multi-center cohort. In this cross-sectional study, we developed the DrEDTT consisting of 28 triggers through a comprehensive literature review and three phase expert group discussion. Next, we evaluated the performance of the DrEDTT by applying it to relevant medical records retrieved from four hospitals from January 2016 to June 2016. Two experts performed an in-depth chart review of a 25% of random sample of trigger flagged and unflagged ED visits and a true ADE was determined through causality assessment. Among 66,564 patients who visited the ED for reasons other than traffic accident and trauma during the study period, at least one trigger was found in 21,268 (32.0%) patients. A total of 959 true ADE cases (5.8%) were identified from a randomly selected 25% of ED visit cases. The overall positive predictive value was 14.0% (range: 8.3-66.7%). Sensitivity and specificity of DrEDTT were 77.7% and 70.4%, respectively. In conclusion, this newly developed trigger tool might be helpful to detect ADE-related ED visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (J.-E.C.)
| | - Young-Mi Ah
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hee Jun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Min-Gyu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan 50612, Korea;
| | - Eui-Kyung Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.-K.L.); (H.-K.P.)
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.-K.L.); (H.-K.P.)
| | - Jee-Eun Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (J.-E.C.)
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.K.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2290-8336 (S.-H.K.); +82-2-3668-7472 (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Ju-Yeun Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.K.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2290-8336 (S.-H.K.); +82-2-3668-7472 (J.-Y.L.)
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12
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Yeom H, Hwang SH, Han BI, Lee M. Differential Sensitivity of Wild-Type and BRAF-Mutated Cells to Combined BRAF and Autophagy Inhibition. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:434-444. [PMID: 33551379 PMCID: PMC8255135 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors are insufficient monotherapies for BRAF-mutated cancer; therefore, we investigated which inhibitory pathway would yield the most effective therapeutic approach when targeted in combination with BRAF inhibition. The oncogenic BRAF inhibitor, PLX4720, increased basal autophagic flux in BRAF-mutated cells compared to wild-type (WT) BRAF cells. Interestingly, early autophagy inhibition improved the effectiveness of PLX4720 regardless of BRAF mutation, whereas late autophagy inhibition did not. Although ATG5 knockout led to PLX4720 resistance in both WT and BRAF-mutated cells, the MEK inhibitor trametinib exhibited a synergistic effect on PLX4720 sensitivity in WT BRAF cells but not in BRAF-mutated cells. Conversely, the prolonged inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reduced basal autophagy in BRAF-mutated cells, thereby increasing PLX4720 sensitivity. Taken together, our results suggest that the combined inhibition of ER stress and BRAF may simultaneously suppress both pro-survival ER stress and autophagy, and may therefore be suitable for treatment of BRAF-mutated tumors whose autophagy is increased by chronic ER stress. Similarly, for WT BRAF tumors, therapies targeting MEK signaling may be a more effective treatment strategy. Together, this study presents a rational combination treatment strategy to improve the efficacy of BRAF inhibitors depending on BRAF mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Yeom
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeal-I Han
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.,Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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13
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Lee JM, Agung A, Hwang SH, Lee KB, Hwang HY. Development of a movable 4πβ(LS)-γ coincidence counting system for activity standardization of β-γ emitters. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109743. [PMID: 33915348 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new movable 3PM-γ coincidence system, based on 4πβ(LS)-γ coincidence counting, for activity measurement of β-γ emitters has been designed at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). The system incorporates 3 PM tubes on the plane and two detectors placed above and below the center of the plane. The 3 PM tubes for β-counters in the plane are movable up to 100 mm from a liquid scintillation vial, thus enabling the variation of β-detection efficiencies by a geometrical technique. A NaI(Tl) γ-counter was set above for the present work. The β-event is determined by counting the logical sum of three double coincidences. All the necessary electronics, i.e., logical sum, adjusting the duration of dead-time of each counting channel and coincidence resolving times, and analyzing coincidence relation, were specially designed to be fabricated in an integrated circuit. Details of the detectors, the electronics, the overall movable 3PM-γ coincidence system are presented, as well as the results of investigations to assess its operating characteristics. Validation measurements have been performed with 60Co and 57Co sources. The highest β-detection efficiency achieved with 60Co and 57Co was 97% and 95%, respectively. The activity concentration determined with a new system agreed with calibrated values within the uncertainty range. Further results from validation measurements and the corresponding uncertainty budgets are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - A Agung
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - H Y Hwang
- Mokwon University, Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 88, South Korea.
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14
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Hayakawa SH, Agari K, Ahn JK, Akaishi T, Akazawa Y, Ashikaga S, Bassalleck B, Bleser S, Ekawa H, Endo Y, Fujikawa Y, Fujioka N, Fujita M, Goto R, Han Y, Hasegawa S, Hashimoto T, Hayakawa T, Hayata E, Hicks K, Hirose E, Hirose M, Honda R, Hoshino K, Hoshino S, Hosomi K, Hwang SH, Ichikawa Y, Ichikawa M, Imai K, Inaba K, Ishikawa Y, Ito H, Ito K, Jung WS, Kanatsuki S, Kanauchi H, Kasagi A, Kawai T, Kim MH, Kim SH, Kinbara S, Kiuchi R, Kobayashi H, Kobayashi K, Koike T, Koshikawa A, Lee JY, Ma TL, Matsumoto SY, Minakawa M, Miwa K, Moe AT, Moon TJ, Moritsu M, Nagase Y, Nakada Y, Nakagawa M, Nakashima D, Nakazawa K, Nanamura T, Naruki M, Nyaw ANL, Ogura Y, Ohashi M, Oue K, Ozawa S, Pochodzalla J, Ryu SY, Sako H, Sato S, Sato Y, Schupp F, Shirotori K, Soe MM, Soe MK, Sohn JY, Sugimura H, Suzuki KN, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Takeda T, Tamura H, Tanida K, Theint AMM, Tint KT, Toyama Y, Ukai M, Umezaki E, Watabe T, Watanabe K, Yamamoto TO, Yang SB, Yoon CS, Yoshida J, Yoshimoto M, Zhang DH, Zhang Z. Observation of Coulomb-Assisted Nuclear Bound State of Ξ^{-}-^{14}N System. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:062501. [PMID: 33635678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In an emulsion-counter hybrid experiment performed at J-PARC, a Ξ^{-} absorption event was observed which decayed into twin single-Λ hypernuclei. Kinematic calculations enabled a unique identification of the reaction process as Ξ^{-}+^{14}N→_{Λ}^{10}Be+_{Λ}^{5}He. For the binding energy of the Ξ^{-} hyperon in the Ξ^{-}-^{14}N system a value of 1.27±0.21 MeV was deduced. The energy level of Ξ^{-} is likely a nuclear 1p state which indicates a weak ΞN-ΛΛ coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hayakawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - K Agari
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - J K Ahn
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - T Akaishi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Akazawa
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Ashikaga
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - B Bassalleck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - S Bleser
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Ekawa
- High Energy Nuclear Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Endo
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Y Fujikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - N Fujioka
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Fujita
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - R Goto
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Y Han
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - S Hasegawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - T Hashimoto
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - T Hayakawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - E Hayata
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - K Hicks
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - E Hirose
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Hirose
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Hoshino
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - S Hoshino
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - K Hosomi
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Y Ichikawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Meson Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Imai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - K Inaba
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Ishikawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K Ito
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - W S Jung
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - S Kanatsuki
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Kanauchi
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - A Kasagi
- High Energy Nuclear Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - T Kawai
- Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - M H Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - S Kinbara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - R Kiuchi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H Kobayashi
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Koike
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - A Koshikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - T L Ma
- Institute of Modern Physics, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - S Y Matsumoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Meson Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Minakawa
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Miwa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - A T Moe
- Department of Physics, Lashio University, Lashio 06301, Myanmar
| | - T J Moon
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - M Moritsu
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Y Nagase
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Y Nakada
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - M Nakagawa
- High Energy Nuclear Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Nakashima
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K Nakazawa
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - T Nanamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Naruki
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - A N L Nyaw
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Y Ogura
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Ohashi
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K Oue
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Ozawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - J Pochodzalla
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institut fur Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Y Ryu
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - H Sako
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - S Sato
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - F Schupp
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Shirotori
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - M M Soe
- Department of Physics, University of Yangon, Yangon 11041, Myanmar
| | - M K Soe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - J Y Sohn
- Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - H Sugimura
- Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - K N Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Takeda
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Tanida
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - A M M Theint
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K T Tint
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Y Toyama
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Ukai
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - E Umezaki
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - T Watabe
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - T O Yamamoto
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - S B Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - C S Yoon
- Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - J Yoshida
- High Energy Nuclear Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - D H Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
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15
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Lee KSS, Ng JC, Yang J, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Wagner K, Hammock BD. Preparation and evaluation of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors with improved physical properties and potencies for treating diabetic neuropathic pain. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115735. [PMID: 33007552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain, is a largely cytosolic enzyme that degrades epoxy-fatty acids (EpFAs), an important class of lipid signaling molecules. Many inhibitors of sEH have been reported, and to date, the 1,3-disubstituted urea has the highest affinity reported for the sEH among the central pharmacophores evaluated. An earlier somewhat water soluble sEH inhibitor taken to the clinic for blood pressure control had mediocre potency (both affinity and kinetics) and a short in vivo half-life. We undertook a study to overcome these difficulties, but the sEH inhibitors carrying a 1,3-disubstituted urea often suffer poor physical properties that hinder their formulation. In this report, we described new strategies to improve the physical properties of sEH inhibitors with a 1,3-disubstituted urea while maintaining their potency and drug-target residence time (a complementary in vitro parameter) against sEH. To our surprise, we identified two structural modifications that substantially improve the potency and physical properties of sEH inhibitors carrying a 1,3-disubstituted urea pharmacophore. Such improvements will greatly facilitate the movement of sEH inhibitors to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jen C Ng
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, One Shields Ave, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- EicOsis Human Health, 140 B Street, Suite 5, Number 346, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- EicOsis Human Health, 140 B Street, Suite 5, Number 346, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, One Shields Ave, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Karen Wagner
- EicOsis Human Health, 140 B Street, Suite 5, Number 346, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Synthia LLC, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Entomology and Nematology, One Shields Ave, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; EicOsis Human Health, 140 B Street, Suite 5, Number 346, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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16
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Shihadih DS, Harris TR, Kodani SD, Hwang SH, Lee KSS, Mavangira V, Hamamoto B, Guedes A, Hammock BD, Morisseau C. Selection of Potent Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase for Usage in Veterinary Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:580. [PMID: 33005645 PMCID: PMC7479175 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The veterinary pharmacopeia available to treat pain and inflammation is limited in number, target of action and efficacy. Inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) are a new class of anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving and analgesic drugs being tested in humans that have demonstrated efficacy in laboratory animals. They block the hydrolysis, and thus, increase endogenous concentrations of analgesic and anti-inflammatory signaling molecules called epoxy-fatty acids. Here, we screened a library of 2,300 inhibitors of the sEH human against partially purified feline, canine and equine hepatic sEH to identify inhibitors that are broadly potent among species. Six very potent sEH inhibitors (IC50 < 1 nM for each enzyme tested) were identified. Their microsomal stability was then measured in hepatic extracts from cat, dog and horse, as well as their solubility in solvents suitable for the formulation of drugs. The trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy}-benzoic acid (t-TUCB, 1,728) appears to be the best compromise between stability and potency across species. Thus, it was selected for further testing in veterinary clinical trials of pain and inflammation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyala S. Shihadih
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Todd R. Harris
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean D. Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Briana Hamamoto
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alonso Guedes
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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17
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Hwang SH, Yeom H, Han BI, Ham BJ, Lee YM, Han MR, Lee M. Predicting Carcinogenic Mechanisms of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens via Combined Analysis of Global DNA Methylation and In Vitro Cell Transformation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155387. [PMID: 32751172 PMCID: PMC7432388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro cell transformation assay (CTA) is useful for the detection of non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTXCs); however, it does not provide information on their modes of action. In this study, to pursue a mechanism-based approach in the risk assessment of NGTXCs, we aimed to develop an integrated strategy comprising an in vitro Bhas 42 CTA and global DNA methylation analysis. For this purpose, 10 NGTXCs, which were also predicted to be negative through Derek/Sarah structure-activity relationship analysis, were first tested for transforming activity in Bhas 42 cells. Methylation profiles using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing were generated for seven NGTXCs that were positive in CTAs. In general, the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) within promoter regions showed slightly more bias toward hypermethylation than the DMRs across the whole genome. We also identified 13 genes associated with overlapping DMRs within the promoter regions in four NGTXCs, of which seven were hypermethylated and six were hypomethylated. Using ingenuity pathway analysis, the genes with DMRs at the CpG sites were found to be enriched in cancer-related categories, including "cell-to-cell signaling and interaction" as well as "cell death and survival". Moreover, the networks related to "cell death and survival", which were considered to be associated with carcinogenesis, were identified in six NGTXCs. These results suggest that epigenetic changes supporting cell transformation processes occur during non-genotoxic carcinogenesis. Taken together, our combined system can become an attractive component for an integrated approach for the testing and assessment of NGTXCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hojin Yeom
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Byeal-I Han
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheoungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea;
| | - Mi-Ryung Han
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.Y.)
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- INU Human Genome Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-R.H.); (M.L.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8247 (M.L.)
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.Y.)
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- INU Human Genome Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-R.H.); (M.L.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8247 (M.L.)
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Lee R, Lee NE, Choi SH, Nam SM, Kim HC, Rhim H, Cho IH, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Effects of gintonin-enriched fraction on hippocampal gene expressions. Integr Med Res 2020; 10:100475. [PMID: 33134079 PMCID: PMC7588706 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, gintonin and gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) have been isolated from ginseng, a herbal medicine. Gintonin induces [Ca2+]i transition in cultured hippocampal neurons and stimulates acetylcholine release through LPA receptor activation. Oral administration of GEF is linked to hippocampus-dependent cognitive enhancement and other neuroprotective effects; however, effects of its long-term administration on hippocampal gene expression remains unknown. Here, we used next-generation sequence (NGS) analysis to examine changes in hippocampal gene expressions after long-term oral administration of GEF. Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control group, GEF50 (GEF 50 mg/kg, p.o.), and GEF100 (GEF 100 mg/kg, p.o.). After 22 days, total RNA was extracted from mouse hippocampal tissues. NGS was used for gene expression profiling; quantitative-real-time PCR and western blot were performed to quantify the changes in specific genes and to confirm the protein expression levels in treatment groups. Results NGS analysis screened a total of 23,282 genes, analyzing 11-related categories. We focused on the neurogenesis category, which includes four genes for candidate markers: choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene, β3-adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) gene, and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (Crh) gene, and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2) gene. Real-time PCR showed a marked overexpression of ChAT, Adrb3, and Crh genes, while reduced expression of Tdo2. Western blot analysis also confirmed increased ChAT and decreased Tdo2 protein levels. Conclusion We found that GEF affects mouse hippocampal gene expressions, associated with memory, cognitive, anti-stress and anti-anxiety functions, and neurodegeneration at differential degree, that might explain the genetic bases of GEF-mediated neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Eun Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuro Psychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Department of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Seon Y, Hwang SH, Lee JM, Lee KB, Heo DH, Han MJ, Kim HJ. The primary system for measurement of beta emitting radioactive gases at KRISS. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 164:109238. [PMID: 32554125 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) is developing a length-compensated proportional counting (LCPC) system as a primary system for standardization of beta emitting radioactive gases. The pilot experiment was performed with 85Kr and the optimized high voltage and pressure were found to be 1700 V and 0.203 MPa, respectively. The total activity of 85Kr was deduced by the length compensation of each count. The expanded uncertainty was estimated to be around 0.8% (k = 2) for the 85Kr measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Seon
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
| | - J M Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - D H Heo
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - M J Han
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
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20
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Kim BJ, Lee KB, Lee JM, Hwang SH, Heo DH, Han KH. Design of optimal digital filter and digital signal processing for a CdZnTe high resolution gamma-ray system. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 162:109171. [PMID: 32501226 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an online digital signal processing system based on an FPGA. The system consists of pile-up rejection, baseline restorer, peak detection and pole-zero cancellation for evaluation of deposited energy in the detector. The shaping algorithm employed is a Moving Window Deconvolution (MWD) to shape digitized data into a trapezoidal form. For the purpose of verification, the developed digital system was tested for 137Cs gamma rays. The entire system is programmed using the LabVIEW environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kim
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - J M Lee
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Heo
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Han
- ULS Co., Ltd., Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea
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21
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Tang TL, Uesaka T, Kawase S, Beaumel D, Dozono M, Fujii T, Fukuda N, Fukunaga T, Galindo-Uribarri A, Hwang SH, Inabe N, Kameda D, Kawahara T, Kim W, Kisamori K, Kobayashi M, Kubo T, Kubota Y, Kusaka K, Lee CS, Maeda Y, Matsubara H, Michimasa S, Miya H, Noro T, Obertelli A, Ogata K, Ota S, Padilla-Rodal E, Sakaguchi S, Sakai H, Sasano M, Shimoura S, Stepanyan SS, Suzuki H, Takaki M, Takeda H, Tokieda H, Wakasa T, Wakui T, Yako K, Yanagisawa Y, Yasuda J, Yokoyama R, Yoshida K, Yoshida K, Zenihiro J. How Different is the Core of ^{25}F from ^{24}O_{g.s.} ? Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:212502. [PMID: 32530645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.212502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a neutron-rich ^{25}F nucleus is investigated by a quasifree (p,2p) knockout reaction at 270A MeV in inverse kinematics. The sum of spectroscopic factors of π0d_{5/2} orbital is found to be 1.0±0.3. However, the spectroscopic factor with residual ^{24}O nucleus being in the ground state is found to be only 0.36±0.13, while those in the excited state is 0.65±0.25. The result shows that the ^{24}O core of ^{25}F nucleus significantly differs from a free ^{24}O nucleus, and the core consists of ∼35% ^{24}O_{g.s.}. and ∼65% excited ^{24}O. The result may infer that the addition of the 0d_{5/2} proton considerably changes neutron structure in ^{25}F from that in ^{24}O, which could be a possible mechanism responsible for the oxygen dripline anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Tang
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Uesaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Kawase
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Beaumel
- Institut de physique nucléaire d'Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - M Dozono
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Fujii
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Fukuda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Fukunaga
- Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - A Galindo-Uribarri
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S H Hwang
- Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - N Inabe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Kameda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Kawahara
- Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - K Kisamori
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Kubo
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Kubota
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Kusaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C S Lee
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Maeda
- University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - H Matsubara
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Michimasa
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Miya
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Noro
- Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - A Obertelli
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Ogata
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Department of Physics, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Ota
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - E Padilla-Rodal
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, AP 70-543, México City 04510, DF, México
| | - S Sakaguchi
- Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - H Sakai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Sasano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Shimoura
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S S Stepanyan
- Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - H Suzuki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Takaki
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Tokieda
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Wakasa
- Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - T Wakui
- CYRIC, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Yako
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Yanagisawa
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Yasuda
- Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - R Yokoyama
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - J Zenihiro
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Hwang SH, Yeom H, Lee M. ATG5 knockout promotes paclitaxel sensitivity in drug-resistant cells via induction of necrotic cell death. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 24:233-240. [PMID: 32392914 PMCID: PMC7193914 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy regulators are often effective as potential cancer therapeutic agents. Here, we investigated paclitaxel sensitivity in cells with knockout (KO) of ATG5 gene. The ATG5 KO in multidrug resistant v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells (Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr) was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The qPCR and LC3 immunoblot confirmed knockout of the gene and protein of ATG5, respectively. The ATG5 KO restored the sensitivity of Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells to paclitaxel. Interestingly, ATG5 overexpression restored autophagy function in ATG5 KO cells, but failed to rescue paclitaxel resistance. These results raise the possibility that low level of resistance to paclitaxel in ATG5 KO cells may be related to other roles of ATG5 independent of its function in autophagy. The ATG5 KO significantly induced a G2/M arrest in cell cycle progression. Additionally, ATG5 KO caused necrosis of a high proportion of cells after paclitaxel treatment. These data suggest that the difference in sensitivity to paclitaxel between ATG5 KO and their parental MDR cells may result from the disparity in the proportions of necrotic cells in both populations. Thus, our results demonstrate that the ATG5 KO in paclitaxel resistant cells leads to a marked G2/M arrest and sensitizes cells to paclitaxel-induced necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Hojin Yeom
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- INU Human Genome Research Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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YANG JUN, Wagner K, Wan D, Hwang SH, McReynolds CB, Hammock BD. Pharmacokinetics of a potent soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor in three formulations. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lee M, Hwang SH, Yeom H. LPAR3 Is Associated with Migration of NIH 3T3 Cells and Progression to Malignant Cell Transformation during Carcinogenesis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Won KJ, Goh YJ, Hwang SH. Lysophosphatidic Acid Inhibits Simvastatin-Induced Myocytoxicity by Activating LPA Receptor/PKC Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071529. [PMID: 32230890 PMCID: PMC7180799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins such as simvastatin have many side effects, including muscle damage, which is known to be the most frequent undesirable side effect. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a kind of biolipid, has diverse cellular activities, including cell proliferation, survival, and migration. However, whether LPA affects statin-linked muscle damage has not been reported yet. In the present study, to determine whether LPA might exert potential protective effect on statin-induced myocyotoxicity, the effect of LPA on cytotoxicity in rat L6 myoblasts exposed to simvastatin was explored. Viability and apoptosis of rat L6 myoblasts were detected via 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5- [(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Protein expression levels were detected via Western blotting. Simvastatin decreased viability of L6 cells. Such decrease in viability was recovered in the presence of LPA. Treatment with LPA suppressed simvastatin-induced apoptosis in L6 cells. In addition, treatment with LPA receptor inhibitor Ki16425, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, or intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM attenuated the recovery effect of LPA on simvastatin-induced L6 cell toxicity. These findings indicate that LPA may inhibit simvastatin-induced toxicity in L6 cells probably by activating the LPA receptor-PKC pathway. Therefore, LPA might have potential as a bioactive molecule to protect muscles against simvastatin-induced myotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Goh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-738-7922
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Hwang SH, Lee M. Autophagy inhibition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes breaks the crosstalk with tumor cells by suppression of adipokine production. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:17-25. [PMID: 32158612 PMCID: PMC7048175 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1700159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have revealed the functional importance of autophagy in both adipogenesis and carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated autophagy as a link between tumorigenesis and adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 cells, which have been shown to closely mimic the in vivo differentiation process. The relative levels of LC3-II/I showed that autophagy was the highest after 4–6 days of initiation of differentiation and it diminished thereafter. Furthermore, chloroquine (CQ), a late autophagy inhibitor, effectively inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that autophagy may have a positive impact on adipogenic differentiation. Notably, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that CQ completely blocked the mRNA expression of three adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)), which increased proportionally to adipocyte differentiation. Using adipokine antibody arrays, we also found that among 38 adipokines examined, 6 adipokines were significantly differentially regulated in mature adipocytes compared to those in preadipocytes. A comparative analysis of adipokine production revealed that CQ-treated adipocytes displayed a profile similar to that of preadipocytes. Subsequently, CQ treatment significantly inhibited the migration capacity of v-Ha-ras-transformed cells in both 3T3-L1 adipocyte-conditioned medium and co-culture with 3T3-L1 using a transwell plate. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy inhibition blocks the production of mediators relevant to the adipogenic process and may significantly contribute to reducing obesity-related cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Cho YJ, Choi SH, Lee R, Hwang H, Rhim H, Cho IH, Kim HC, Lee JI, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Ginseng Gintonin Contains Ligands for GPR40 and GPR55. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051102. [PMID: 32121640 PMCID: PMC7179172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gintonin, a novel ginseng-derived glycolipoprotein complex, has an exogenous ligand for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. However, recent lipid analysis of gintonin has shown that gintonin also contains other bioactive lipids besides LPAs, including linoleic acid and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). Linoleic acid, a free fatty acid, and LPI are known as ligands for the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), GPR40, and GPR55, respectively. We, herein, investigated whether gintonin could serve as a ligand for GPR40 and GPR55, using the insulin-secreting beta cell-derived cell line INS-1 and the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3, respectively. Gintonin dose-dependently enhanced insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Gintonin-stimulated insulin secretion was partially inhibited by a GPR40 receptor antagonist but not an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist and was down-regulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) against GPR40. Gintonin dose-dependently induced [Ca2+]i transients and Ca2+-dependent cell migration in PC-3 cells. Gintonin actions in PC-3 cells were attenuated by pretreatment with a GPR55 antagonist and an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist or by down-regulating GPR55 with siRNA. Taken together, these results demonstrated that gintonin-mediated insulin secretion by INS-1 cells and PC-3 cell migration were regulated by the respective activation of GPR40 and GPR55 receptors. These findings indicated that gintonin could function as a ligand for both receptors. Finally, we demonstrated that gintonin contained two more GPCR ligands, in addition to that for LPA receptors. Gintonin, with its multiple GPCR ligands, might provide the molecular basis for the multiple pharmacological actions of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jin Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (S.-H.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (S.-H.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (S.-H.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.H.); (H.R.)
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.H.); (H.R.)
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Department of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Ik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.N.); Tel.: +82-33-738-7922 (S.-H.H.); +82-2-450-4154 (S.-Y.N.)
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (S.-H.C.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.N.); Tel.: +82-33-738-7922 (S.-H.H.); +82-2-450-4154 (S.-Y.N.)
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Hwang SH, Ahn JH, Lee M. Upregulation of S100A9 contributes to the acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1273-1280. [PMID: 31388978 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Acquired resistance is a significant clinical challenge in targeted therapy of melanomas using BRAF inhibitors. We previously identified that downregulation of miR-92a-1-5p confers acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition using an miRNA array platform. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the target genes of miR-92a-1-5p and their functional significance in BRAF inhibitor resistance. METHODS The miRNA target prediction data were combined with RNA-Seq data to identify possible target genes for miR-92a-1-5p. Cellular effects of target genes were further examined using siRNA knockdown, WST-1 assay, and immunoblotting analysis. RESULTS We selected S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) as a possible target gene for functional validation. S100A9 knockdown abrogated resistance to PLX4720 in A375P/Mdr cells. This result was similar to those described earlier for miR-92a-1-5p, indicating that miR-92a-1-5p inhibits cell viability by targeting S100A9. S100A9 overexpression partially conferred PLX4720 resistance to A375P cells. We also demonstrated that MAPK re-activation does not contribute to the promotion of BRAF inhibitor resistance by S100A9. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results indicate that S100A9 might be functionally involved in development of resistance to BRAF inhibitors and might be a target for melanoma therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Ahn
- System Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang SH, Yeom H, Eom SY, Lee YM, Lee M. Genome-wide DNA methylation changes in transformed foci induced by nongenotoxic carcinogens. Environ Mol Mutagen 2019; 60:576-587. [PMID: 30848857 DOI: 10.1002/em.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cell transformation assays (CTA) have been proposed as a method to identify possible nongenotoxic carcinogens. However, the current protocols do not provide information on the mechanism of action of the test articles. In this study, we combined an in vitro Bhas 42 CTA and sequencing-based DNA methylation profiling analysis to elucidate the carcinogenic mechanism associated with nongenotoxic carcinogens. Three nongenotoxic carcinogens were evaluated: cadmium chloride, methyl carbamate, and lithocholic acid. Methylation profiles were generated for the two nongenotoxic carcinogens (cadmium chloride and lithocholic acid) that were positive in Bhas 42 CTA. Methyl carbamate did not exhibit any promoter activity. Approximately 9.8% of all differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in cadmium chloride-induced transformed foci overlapped with DMRs in lithocholic acid-induced transformed foci. Interestingly, overlapping DMRs showed more hypermethylation than individual DMRs. In addition, the DMRs in CpG island elements common to both nongenotoxic carcinogens showed considerably more bias toward hypermethylated DMRs than those unique to either cadmium chloride or lithocholic acid. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that genes harboring hypermethylated DMRs were significantly enriched in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including pathways in cancer, basal cell carcinoma, and Wnt signaling. The genes harboring hypomethylated DMRs were significantly related to mRNA surveillance pathway, RNA transport, and autophagy. Taken together, our preliminary results on genome-wide methylation analysis of cell clones from nongenotoxic carcinogen-induced foci could be exploited for CTAs improvement, but further research will be required to standardize and assess the specificity and sensitivity of this combined approach. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Yeom
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yun Eom
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheoungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- INU Human Genome Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Lee NE, Park SD, Hwang H, Choi SH, Lee RM, Nam SM, Choi JH, Rhim H, Cho IH, Kim HC, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Effects of a gintonin-enriched fraction on hair growth: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:168-177. [PMID: 32095099 PMCID: PMC7033365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng has been widely used as a health-promoting tonic. Gintonin present in ginseng acts as a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand that activates six LPA receptor subtypes. The LPA6 subtype plays a key role in normal hair growth, and mutations in the LPA6 receptor impair normal human hair growth. Currently, human hair loss and alopecia are concerning issues that affect peoples' social and day-to-day lives. Objective We investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of a gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) on mouse hair growth. Methods Human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) and six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used. The mice were divided into the four groups: control, 1% minoxidil, 0.75% GEF, and 1.5% GEF. The dorsal hair was removed to synchronize the telogen phase. Each group was treated topically, once a day, for 15 days. We analyzed hair growth activity and histological changes. Results GEF induced transient [Ca2+]i, which stimulated HFDPC proliferation and caused 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner. GEF-mediated HFDPC proliferation was blocked by the LPA receptor antagonist and Ca2+ chelator. HFDPC treatment with GEF stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor release. Topical application of GEF and minoxidil promoted hair growth in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis showed that GEF and minoxidil increased the number of hair follicles and hair weight. Conclusion Topical application of GEF promotes mouse hair growth through HFDPC proliferation. GEF could be one of the main components of ginseng that promote hair growth and could be used to treat human alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Eun Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Deuk Park
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Choi
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Department of Science in Korean Medicine, and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Department of Science in Korean Medicine, and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lugendo IJ, Ahn JK, Kumwenda MJ, Lee JW, Hong B, Hwang SH. Lifetime measurement of the first excited 5/2 + state in 133Cs using NaI(Tl) and LaBr 3(Ce) detectors. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 150:141-145. [PMID: 31146218 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a new high-precision lifetime measurement of the first excited 5/2+ state of 133Cs using NaI(Tl) and LaBr3(Ce) detectors. The time difference between the coincident decays of two successive states was measured using fast-timing electronics. The 356-keV (1/2+→5/2+) gamma transition was tagged by the successive 81-keV (5/2+→7/2+) transition of 133Cs. The half-life of the first excited 5/2+133Cs state was measured as T1/2=6.283±0.004 (stat.) ±0.011(syst.) ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Lugendo
- Department of Physics, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35063, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - J K Ahn
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - M J Kumwenda
- Department of Physics, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35063, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - B Hong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Eom SY, Hwang SH, Yeom H, Lee M. An ATG5 knockout promotes paclitaxel resistance in v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:234-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ahn JH, Hwang SH, Cho HS, Lee M. Differential Gene Expression Common to Acquired and Intrinsic Resistance to BRAF Inhibitor Revealed by RNA-Seq Analysis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:302-310. [PMID: 30293252 PMCID: PMC6513187 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells have been shown to respond to BRAF inhibitors; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance limits their clinical application. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq analysis with BRAF inhibitor-sensitive (A375P) and -resistant (A375P/Mdr with acquired resistance and SK-MEL-2 with intrinsic resistance) melanoma cell lines, to reveal the genes and pathways potentially involved in intrinsic and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. A total of 546 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 239 up-regulated and 307 down-regulated genes, were identified in both intrinsic and acquired resistant cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the top 10 biological processes associated with these genes included angiogenesis, immune response, cell adhesion, antigen processing and presentation, extracellular matrix organization, osteoblast differentiation, collagen catabolic process, viral entry into host cell, cell migration, and positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling. In addition, using the PANTHER GO classification system, we showed that the highest enriched GOs targeted by the 546 DEGs were responses to cellular processes (ontology: biological process), binding (ontology: molecular function), and cell subcellular localization (ontology: cellular component). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) network analysis showed a network that was common to two BRAF inhibitor-resistant cells. Taken together, the present study may provide a useful platform to further reveal biological processes associated with BRAF inhibitor resistance, and present areas for therapeutic tool development to overcome BRAF inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Ahn
- System Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Park J, Hwang SH. Abstract TP197: Risk of Epilepsy in Elderly Stroke Patients: 10-Year Nationalwide Population-Based Study. Stroke 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.tp197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective:
The incidence of epilepsy in elderly stroke patients has been significant attention because planning future needs for health services and improved primary and secondary prevention of stroke are important. We evaluated the relationship between stroke and the subsequent development of epilepsy within 10 years follow-up.
Methods:
This retrospective, nationwide, longitudinal study used National Health Insurance Service -Senior cohort (NHIS-Senior) 2002-2013, which was released by the KNHIS in 2016, comprising 550,000 random subjects who were selected from over than 60 years old. This study included a cohort of 42,925 patients who were first diagnoses as stroke between 2004 and 2006. To match each stroke patient, 218,478 control subjects were selected from the data-base.
Results:
In this cohort, the prevalence of stroke was higher in female(62%) than in male(38%). A higher prevalence of stoke was observed in the 60-70 years age and more than 80 years age group in urban area. The incidence of stroke was increased from 2002 to 2009, but decreased from 2010 to 2013. The diagnosis of epilepsy was done at averagely 20 months after the diagnosis of stroke. Cox regression analysis showed that the HR of epilepsy was 7.658 times greater for patients with stroke (95% CI: 7.402-7.923) than for control group after adjusting for other risk factors. The HR of epilepsy was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.045-1.116) in female patients, 1.66(95% CI: 1.607-1.715) in diabetic patients, 1.679(95% CI: 1.625-1.734) in hypertensive patients, 1.831(95% CI: 1.626-2.062) in chronic kidney disease and 1.647(95% CI: 1.593-1.703) in hypercholesterol patients.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that stoke may be independent risk factor for epilepsy in elderly patients(HR 7.658, 95% CI: 7.402-7.923). So we need to control and pay attention to epilepsy in elderly stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunHong Lee
- Neurology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - JaeHyeon Park
- Neurology, Sanggye Paik Hosp Inje Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Guedes A, Trumble T, Tucker L, Baldo C, Wendt-Hornickle E, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Hammock B. Effect of soluble epoxide hydrolase and cyclooxygenase inhibition on lameness and synovial fluid prostanoids in horses with experimentally induced radiocarpal synovitis. Vet Anaesth Analg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Choi SH, Kim HJ, Cho HJ, Park SD, Lee NE, Hwang SH, Cho IH, Hwang H, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. Gintonin, a Ginseng-Derived Exogenous Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Ligand, Protects Astrocytes from Hypoxic and Re-oxygenation Stresses Through Stimulation of Astrocytic Glycogenolysis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3280-3294. [PMID: 30117105 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a unique brain cell-storing glycogen and express lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. Gintonin is a ginseng-derived exogenous G protein-coupled LPA receptor ligand. Accumulating evidence shows that astrocytes serve as an energy supplier to neurons through astrocytic glycogenolysis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, little is known about the relationships between LPA receptors and astrocytic glycogenolysis or about the roles of LPA receptors in hypoxia and re-oxygenation stresses. In the present study, we examined the functions of gintonin-mediated astrocytic glycogenolysis in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, glutamate uptake, and cell viability under normoxic, hypoxic, and re-oxygenation conditions. The application of gintonin or LPA to astrocytes induced glycogenolysis in concentration- and time-dependent manners. The stimulation of gintonin-mediated astrocytic glycogenolysis was achieved through the LPA receptor-Gαq/11 protein-phospholipase C-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transient pathway. Gintonin treatment to astrocytes increased the phosphorylation of brain phosphorylase kinase, with sensitive manner to K252a, an inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase. Gintonin-mediated astrocytic glycogenolysis was blocked by isofagomine, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor. Gintonin additionally increased astrocytic glycogenolysis under hypoxic and re-oxygenation conditions. Moreover, gintonin increased ATP production, glutamate uptake, and cell viability under the hypoxic and re-oxygenation conditions. Collectively, we found that the gintonin-mediated [Ca2+]i transients regulated by LPA receptors were coupled to astrocytic glycogenolysis and that stimulation of gintonin-mediated astrocytic glycogenolysis was coupled to ATP production and glutamate uptake under hypoxic and re-oxygenation conditions, ultimately protecting astrocytes. Hence, the gintonin-mediated astrocytic energy that is modulated via LPA receptors helps to protect astrocytes under hypoxia and re-oxygenation stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Sang-Deuk Park
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Na-Eun Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, South Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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Choi SH, Kim HJ, Cho HJ, Park SD, Lee NE, Hwang SH, Rhim H, Kim HC, Cho IH, Nah SY. Gintonin-mediated release of astrocytic vascular endothelial growth factor protects cortical astrocytes from hypoxia-induced cell damages. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:305-311. [PMID: 30976168 PMCID: PMC6437663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gintonin is a ginseng-derived exogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor. We previously reported that gintonin stimulates gliotransmitter release in primary cortical astrocytes. Astrocytes play key roles in the functions of neurovascular systems. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to influence the normal growth and maintenance of cranial blood vessels and the nervous system, there is little information about the effect of gintonin on VEGF regulation in primary astrocytes, under normal and hypoxic conditions. Methods Using primary cortical astrocytes of mice, the effects of gintonin on the release, expression, and distribution of VEGF were examined. We further investigated whether the gintonin-mediated VEGF release protects astrocytes from hypoxia. Results Gintonin administration stimulated the release and expression of VEGF from astrocytes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The gintonin-mediated increase in the release of VEGF was inhibited by the LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, Ki16425; phospholipase C inhibitor, U73122; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor antagonist, 2-APB; and intracellular Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA. Hypoxia further stimulated astrocytic VEGF release. Gintonin treatment stimulated additional VEGF release and restored cell viability that had decreased due to hypoxia, via the VEGF receptor pathway. Altogether, the regulation of VEGF release and expression and astrocytic protection mediated by gintonin under hypoxia are achieved via the LPA receptor–VEGF signaling pathways. Conclusion The present study shows that the gintonin-mediated regulation of VEGF in cortical astrocytes might be neuroprotective against hypoxic insults and could explain the molecular basis of the beneficial effects of ginseng on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Deuk Park
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Eun Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Oriental Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kohri H, Shiu SH, Chang WC, Yanai Y, Ahn DS, Ahn JK, Chen JY, Daté S, Ejiri H, Fujimura H, Fujiwara M, Fukui S, Gohn W, Hicks K, Hosaka A, Hotta T, Hwang SH, Imai K, Ishikawa T, Joo K, Kato Y, Kon Y, Lee HS, Maeda Y, Mibe T, Miyabe M, Morino Y, Muramatsu N, Nakano T, Nakatsugawa Y, Nam SI, Niiyama M, Noumi H, Ohashi Y, Ohta T, Oka M, Parker JD, Rangacharyulu C, Ryu SY, Sawada T, Shimizu H, Strokovsky EA, Sugaya Y, Sumihama M, Tsunemi T, Uchida M, Ungaro M, Wang SY, Yosoi M. Differential Cross Section and Photon-Beam Asymmetry for the γ[over →]p → π^{-}Δ^{++}(1232) Reaction at Forward π^{-} Angles for E_{γ}=1.5-2.95 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:202004. [PMID: 29864366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.202004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Differential cross sections and photon-beam asymmetries for the γ[over →]p→π^{-}Δ^{++}(1232) reaction have been measured for 0.7<cosθ_{π}^{c.m.}<1 and E_{γ}=1.5-2.95 GeV at SPring-8/LEPS. The first-ever high statistics cross-section data are obtained in this kinematical region, and the asymmetry data for 1.5<E_{γ}(GeV)<2.8 are obtained for the first time. This reaction has a unique feature for studying the production mechanisms of a pure uu[over ¯] quark pair in the final state from the proton. Although there is no distinct peak structure in the cross sections, a non-negligible excess over the theoretical predictions is observed at E_{γ}=1.5-1.8 GeV. The asymmetries are found to be negative in most of the present kinematical regions, suggesting the dominance of π exchange in the t channel. The negative asymmetries at forward meson production angles are different from the asymmetries previously measured for the photoproduction reactions producing a dd[over ¯] or an ss[over ¯] quark pair in the final state. Advanced theoretical models introducing nucleon resonances and additional unnatural-parity exchanges are needed to reproduce the present data.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kohri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S H Shiu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - W C Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y Yanai
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - D S Ahn
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J K Ahn
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Chen
- Light Source Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S Daté
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5143, Japan
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - H Fujimura
- Wakayama Medical College, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - M Fujiwara
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - S Fukui
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - W Gohn
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, USA
| | - K Hicks
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - A Hosaka
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - T Hotta
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K Imai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - K Joo
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, USA
| | - Y Kato
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Y Kon
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - H S Lee
- Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34047, Korea
| | - Y Maeda
- Proton Therapy Center, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui 910-8526, Japan
| | - T Mibe
- High Energy Accelerator Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Miyabe
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - Y Morino
- High Energy Accelerator Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - N Muramatsu
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - T Nakano
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Y Nakatsugawa
- High Energy Accelerator Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S I Nam
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - M Niiyama
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Noumi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Y Ohashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5143, Japan
| | - T Ohta
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - M Oka
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - J D Parker
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - C Rangacharyulu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - S Y Ryu
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - T Sawada
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - H Shimizu
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - E A Strokovsky
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region 142281, Russia
| | - Y Sugaya
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - M Sumihama
- Department of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - T Tsunemi
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Uchida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - M Ungaro
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, USA
| | - S Y Wang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - M Yosoi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Lee SH, Oh JS, Lee KB, Lee JM, Hwang SH, Lee MK, Kwon EH, Kim CS, Choi IH, Yeo IY, Yoon JY, Im JM. Evaluation of abundance of artificial radionuclides in food products in South Korea and sources. J Environ Radioact 2018; 184-185:46-52. [PMID: 29334620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Food samples are collected nationwide from January 2016 to February 2017 and their contents of artificial radionuclides are measured to address the growing concerns regarding the radioactive contamination of food products in Korea. Specifically, 900 food samples are collected for this study and their contents of representative artificial radionuclides 134Cs, 137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 90Sr are analyzed. The analysis shows that the activity concentrations of 137Cs in fish range from minimum detectable activity (MDA) to 340 mBq/kg of fresh weight. The concentration factor (CF) determined for 137Cs as a measure of its bioavailability is calculated to be ca. 74 and found to be very similar to that (100) recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency. With an MDA of <0.221 mBq/kg, the results reveal that 239,240Pu values in fish are below the MDA. The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr are lower than the MDA in both shellfish and seaweed, while the activity concentrations of 239,240Pu in shellfish range from 0.26 to 2.18 mBq/kg, and for seaweed samples range from 2.07 to 3.38 mBq/kg. The atom ratios of 240Pu/239Pu in shellfish caught at the Korean coast vary from 0.209 to 0.237, with a mean of 0.227. The higher 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio determined in shellfish is thought to be caused by the plutonium transported from the Pacific Proving Grounds rather than other sources such as the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in mushrooms are found to vary from 1.0 to 21.4 Bq/kg, with the highest concentrations observed in the Oak (shiitake) and Sarcodon asparatus. 134Cs is detected in three mushroom specimens collected from Jeju Island and about 3-3.6% of 137Cs present in the wild mushrooms native to the Jeju Island are introduced as a result of the Fukushima nuclear plant accident. The annual effective doses of 137Cs received through consumption of mushrooms and fish are 2.0 × 10-4 mSv yr-1 and 3.9 × 10-5 mSv yr-1, and those values are negligible compared to the annual effective doses limit of 1 mSv yr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - J S Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - E H Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Kim
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Choi
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - I Y Yeo
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Yoon
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Im
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Yang SB, Ahn JK, Akazawa Y, Aoki K, Chiga N, Ekawa H, Evtoukhovitch P, Feliciello A, Fujita M, Hasegawa S, Hayakawa S, Hayakawa T, Honda R, Hosomi K, Hwang SH, Ichige N, Ichikawa Y, Ikeda M, Imai K, Ishimoto S, Kanatsuki S, Kim SH, Kinbara S, Kobayashi K, Koike T, Lee JY, Miwa K, Moon TJ, Nagae T, Nakada Y, Nakagawa M, Ogura Y, Sakaguchi A, Sako H, Sasaki Y, Sato S, Shirotori K, Sugimura H, Suto S, Suzuki S, Takahashi T, Tamura H, Tanida K, Togawa Y, Tsamalaidze Z, Ukai M, Wang TF, Yamamoto TO. First Determination of the Level Structure of an sd-Shell Hypernucleus, _{Λ}^{19}F. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:132505. [PMID: 29694189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.132505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first observation of γ rays emitted from an sd-shell hypernucleus, _{Λ}^{19}F. The energy spacing between the ground state doublet, 1/2^{+} and 3/2^{+} states, of _{Λ}^{19}F is determined to be 315.5±0.4(stat)_{-0.5}^{+0.6}(syst) keV by measuring the γ-ray energy of the M1(3/2^{+}→1/2^{+}) transition. In addition, three γ-ray peaks are observed and assigned as E2(5/2^{+}→1/2^{+}), E1(1/2^{-}→1/2^{+}), and E1(1/2^{-}→3/2^{+}) transitions. The excitation energies of the 5/2^{+} and 1/2^{-} states are determined to be 895.2±0.3(stat)±0.5(syst) and 1265.6±1.2(stat)_{-0.5}^{+0.7}(syst) keV, respectively. It is found that the ground state doublet spacing is well described by theoretical models based on existing s- and p-shell hypernuclear data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - J K Ahn
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Y Akazawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Aoki
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - N Chiga
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Ekawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - P Evtoukhovitch
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - A Feliciello
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Fujita
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Hasegawa
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - S Hayakawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Hayakawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - K Hosomi
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - N Ichige
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Ichikawa
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Ikeda
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Imai
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - S Ishimoto
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Kanatsuki
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - S Kinbara
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Koike
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - K Miwa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T J Moon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - T Nagae
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Nakada
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - M Nakagawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Ogura
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - A Sakaguchi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - H Sako
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Y Sasaki
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Sato
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - K Shirotori
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - H Sugimura
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - S Suto
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Suzuki
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Tanida
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Y Togawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Z Tsamalaidze
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - M Ukai
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T F Wang
- Research Center of Nuclear Science and Technology (RCNST) and School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - T O Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate whether depression is associated with periodontal diseases in a representative sample of South Korean adults Methods: We used data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), conducted in 2014. We included in this study 4328 participants aged over 20 years (1768 males and 2560 females). Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and history of physician-diagnosed depression. Periodontal diseases were assessed a gingival bleeding, calculus and periodontal pockets. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS People with any periodontal diseases tended to be old, male, married, low income, poor education, blue-collar occupation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, overweight, smoking, not using dental floss or interdental brush in univariate analysis. Neither self-reported nor diagnosed depression was associated with the presence of any or severe periodontal disease in the total sample. In participants aged 20-29 years only, the presence of any periodontal disease was associated with self-reported depression (OR, 2.031; 95% CI, 1.011-4.078). In the same age group, the presence of severe periodontal disease was associated with both self-reported depression (OR, 6.532; 95% CI, 2.190-19.483) and diagnosed depression (OR, 7.729; 95% CI, 1.966-30.389). CONCLUSION Self-reported depression was significantly associated with the presence of any or severe periodontal disease, and diagnosed depression was significantly associated with severe periodontal diseases only in participants aged 20-29 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hwang
- Department of Dentistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S G Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
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Cho HJ, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Lee BH, Rhim H, Kim HC, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Bioactive lipids in gintonin-enriched fraction from ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2017; 43:209-217. [PMID: 30962735 PMCID: PMC6437394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine for human health. Ginseng contains a bioactive ligand named gintonin. The active ingredient of gintonin is lysophosphatidic acid C18:2 (LPA C18:2). We previously developed a method for gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) preparation to mass-produce gintonin from ginseng. However, previous studies did not show the presence of other bioactive lipids besides LPAs. The aim of this study was to quantify the fatty acids, lysophospholipids (LPLs), and phospholipids (PLs) besides LPAs in GEF. Methods We prepared GEF from white ginseng. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for fatty acid analysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for PL analysis, and quantified the fatty acids, LPLs, and PLs in GEF using respective standards. We examined the effect of GEF on insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Results GEF contains about 7.5% linoleic (C18:2), 2.8% palmitic (C16:0), and 1.5% oleic acids (C18:1). GEF contains about 0.2% LPA C18:2, 0.06% LPA C16:0, and 0.02% LPA C18:1. GEF contains 0.08% lysophosphatidylcholine, 0.03% lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and 0.13% lysophosphatidylinositols. GEF also contains about 1% phosphatidic acid (PA) 16:0-18:2, 0.5% PA 18:2-18:2, and 0.2% PA 16:0-18:1. GEF-mediated insulin secretion was not blocked by LPA receptor antagonist. Conclusion We determined four characteristics of GEF through lipid analysis and insulin secretion. First, GEF contains a large amount of linoleic acid (C18:2), PA 16:0-18:2, and LPA C18:2 compared with other lipids. Second, the main fatty acid component of LPLs and PLs is linoleic acid (C18:2). Third, GEF stimulates insulin secretion not through LPA receptors. Finally, GEF contains bioactive lipids besides LPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoon HY, Lee HS, Kim IH, Hwang SH. Post-operative corticosteroid irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery: A meta-analysis. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 43:525-532. [PMID: 29054113 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, topical steroid therapy delivery using high-volume sinonasal irrigations has been used more frequently, following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), to improve drug delivery into the paranasal sinuses. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis of the efficacy of steroid nasal irrigation on post-operative management of Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) following ESS. METHODS Five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) from inception to March 2017 were independently reviewed by two researchers. Studies that scored CRS endoscopic findings and CRS-related quality of life (QOL) post-operatively before and after steroid nasal irrigation and that compared the effects of steroid nasal irrigation (treatment groups) with saline alone irrigation (control group) were included in the analysis. RESULTS Twelve studies (n = 360) met inclusion criteria. Steroid nasal irrigation significantly reduced the endoscopic score compared with pre-treatment values and also improved QOL. Adverse effects following steroid nasal irrigation such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disturbance were not significant. However, compared with saline alone irrigation, the additional effects of steroid irrigation were not significant in the view of the endoscopic score and disease-specific QOL. CONCLUSION Although steroid nasal irrigation would not induce adverse effects related to systemic steroid absorption, the beneficial effects of additional steroids in saline irrigation were ambiguous in regard to endoscopic score and CRS-related QOL improvement compared with saline alone irrigation. However, further clinical trials with robust research methodologies should be conducted to confirm the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yoon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Han BI, Hwang SH, Lee M. A progressive reduction in autophagic capacity contributes to induction of replicative senescence in Hs68 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 92:18-25. [PMID: 28918366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has been implicated in delayed aging and extended longevity. Here, we aimed to study the possible effects of autophagy during the progression of replicative senescence, which is one of the major features of aging. Human foreskin fibroblasts, Hs68 cells, at an initial passage of 15 were serially cultured for several months until they reached cellular senescence. A decrease in cell proliferation was observed during the progression of senescence. Induction of replicative senescence in aged cells (at passage 40) was confirmed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity that represents a sensitive and reliable marker for quantifying senescent cells. We detected a significantly increased percentage (%) of SA-β-gal-positive cells at passage 40 (63%) when compared with the younger SA-β-gal-positive cells at passage 15 (0.5%). Notably, the gradual decrease in basal autophagy coincided with replicative senescence induction. However, despite decreased basal autophagic activity in senescent cells, autophagy inducers could induce autophagy in senescent cells. RT-PCR analysis of 11 autophagy-related genes revealed that the decreased basal autophagy in senescent cells might be due to the downregulation of autophagy-regulatory proteins, but not autophagy machinery components. Moreover, the senescence phenotype was not induced in the cells in which rapamycin was added to the culture to continuously induce autophagy from passage 29 until passage 40. Together, our findings suggest that reduced basal autophagy levels due to downregulation of autophagy-regulatory proteins may be the mechanism underlying replicative senescence in Hs68 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeal-I Han
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheoungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohm Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - San Jung
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Ki Min
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Hwangbo
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inyoung Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee W, Hwang SH, Choi H, Kim H. The association between smoking or passive smoking and cardiovascular diseases using a Bayesian hierarchical model: based on the 2008-2013 Korea Community Health Survey. Epidemiol Health 2017; 39:e2017026. [PMID: 28728350 PMCID: PMC5723911 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2017026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking and passive smoking have been extensively reported as risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the biological mechanisms underlying the impact of hazardous chemical substances contained in tobacco in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), studies investigating the association between smoking and passive smoking with morbidity are at an inchoate stage in Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the risks of smoking and passive smoking on cardiovascular morbidity at the national and regional levels. METHODS This study calculated sex-standardized and age-standardized prevalence of CVD and smoking indices in 253 community health centers (si/gun/gu) in Korea using the 2008-2013 Korea Community Health Survey data. Furthermore, a Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate the association of smoking and passive smoking with the prevalence of CVD from the national and regional community health centers. RESULTS At the national level, smoking was significantly associated with stroke (relative risk [RR], 1.060) and hypertension (RR, 1.016) prevalence, whilst passive smoking at home and work were also significantly associated with prevalence of stroke (RR, 1.037/1.013), angina (RR, 1.016/1.006), and hypertension (RR, 1.010/1.004). Furthermore, the effects of smoking and passive smoking were greater in urban-industrial areas than in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study would provide grounds for national policies that limit smoking and passive smoking, as well as regionally serve as the basis for region-specific healthcare policies in populations with high CVD vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whanhee Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HJ, Park SD, Lee RM, Lee BH, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. Gintonin attenuates depressive-like behaviors associated with alcohol withdrawal in mice. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:23-29. [PMID: 28314177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng Meyer extracts have been used to improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression. However, little is known about the extracts' active ingredients and the molecular mechanisms underlying their reported anti-depressive effects. METHODS Gintonin is an exogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand isolated from P. ginseng. BON cells, an enterochromaffin cell line, and C57BL/6 mice were used to investigate whether gintonin stimulates serotonin release. Furthermore, the effects of gintonin on depressive-like behaviors following alcohol withdrawal were evaluated using the forced swim and tail suspension tests. RESULTS Treatment of BON cells with gintonin induced a transient increase in the intracellular calcium concentration and serotonin release in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via the LPA receptor signaling pathway. Oral administration of the gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) induced an increase in the plasma serotonin concentration in the mice. Oral administration of the GEF in mice with alcohol withdrawal decreased the immobility time in two depression-like behavioral tests and restored the alcohol withdrawal-induced serotonin decrease in plasma levels. LIMITATIONS We cannot exclude the possibility that the gintonin-mediated regulation of adrenal catecholamine release in the peripheral system, and acetylcholine and glutamate release in the central nervous system, could also contribute to the alleviation of depressive-like behaviors. CONCLUSION The GEF-mediated attenuation of depressive-like behavior induced by alcohol withdrawal may be mediated by serotonin release from intestinal enterochromaffin cells. Therefore, the GEF might be responsible for the ginseng extract-induced alleviation of depression-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Deuk Park
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang SH, Han BI, Lee M. Knockout of ATG5 leads to malignant cell transformation and resistance to Src family kinase inhibitor PP2. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:506-515. [PMID: 28294316 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy can either promote or inhibit cell death in different cellular contexts. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in ATG5 knockout (KO) cell line established using CRISPR/Cas9 system. In ATG5 KO cells, RT-PCR and immunoblot of LC3 confirmed the functional gene knockout. We found that knockout of ATG5 significantly increased proliferation of NIH 3T3 cells. In particular, autophagy deficiency enhanced susceptibility to cellular transformation as determined by an in vitro clonogenic survival assay and a soft agar colony formation assay. We also found that ATG5 KO cells had a greater migration ability as compared to wild-type (WT) cells. Moreover, ATG5 KO cells were more resistant to treatment with a Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PP2) than WT cells were. Cyto-ID Green autophagy assay revealed that PP2 failed to induce autophagy in ATG5 KO cells. PP2 treatment decreased the percentage of cells in the S and G2 /M phases among WT cells but had no effect on cell cycle distribution of ATG5 KO cells, which showed a high percentage of cells in the S and G2 /M phases. Additionally, the proportion of apoptotic cells significantly decreased after treatment of ATG5 KO cells with PP2 in comparison with WT cells. We found that expression levels of p53 were much higher in ATG5 KO cells. The ATG5 KO seems to lead to compensatory upregulation of the p53 protein because of a decreased apoptosis rate. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy deficiency can lead to malignant cell transformation and resistance to PP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeal-I Han
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheoungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Kim KI, Jung HK, Kim CO, Kim SK, Cho HH, Kim DY, Ha YC, Hwang SH, Won CW, Lim JY, Kim HJ, Kim JG. Evidence-based guidelines for fall prevention in Korea. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:199-210. [PMID: 28049285 PMCID: PMC5214733 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Falls and fall-related injuries are common in older populations and have negative effects on quality of life and independence. Falling is also associated with increased morbidity, mortality, nursing home admission, and medical costs. Korea has experienced an extreme demographic shift with its population aging at the fastest pace among developed countries, so it is important to assess fall risks and develop interventions for high-risk populations. Guidelines for the prevention of falls were first developed by the Korean Association of Internal Medicine and the Korean Geriatrics Society. These guidelines were developed through an adaptation process as an evidence-based method; four guidelines were retrieved via systematic review and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II process, and seven recommendations were developed based on the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Because falls are the result of various factors, the guidelines include a multidimensional assessment and multimodal strategy. The guidelines were developed for primary physicians as well as patients and the general population. They provide detailed recommendations and concrete measures to assess risk and prevent falls among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Oh Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Cho
- Korean Physicians’ Association, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Yul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Jae Gyu Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea Tel: +82-2-6299-3147 Fax: +82-2-825-7571 E-mail:
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Lee BH, Kim HK, Jang M, Kim HJ, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Kim HC, Rhim H, Cho IH, Nah SY. Effects of Gintonin-Enriched Fraction in an Atopic Dermatitis Animal Model: Involvement of Autotaxin Regulation. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1063-1070. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Ho-Kyoung Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
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