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Song L, Zhang D, Liu T, Jiang C, Li B, Li C, Shen L, Li Y, Wang F, Jiao Y, Yang J. Non-transgenic, PAMAM co-delivery DNA of interactive proteins NbCRVP and NbCalB endows Nicotiana benthamiana with a stronger antiviral effect to RNA viruses. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:23. [PMID: 38191434 PMCID: PMC10773047 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral diseases continue to pose a major threat to the world's commercial crops. The in-depth exploration and efficient utilization of resistance proteins have become crucial strategies for their control. However, current delivery methods for introducing foreign DNA suffer from host range limitations, low transformation efficiencies, tissue damage, or unavoidable DNA integration into the host genome. The nanocarriers provides a convenient channel for the DNA delivery and functional utilization of disease-resistant proteins. RESULTS In this research, we identified a cysteine-rich venom protein (NbCRVP) in Nicotiana benthamiana for the first time. Virus-induced gene silencing and transient overexpression clarified that NbCRVP could inhibit the infection of tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus Y, and cucumber mosaic virus, making it a broad-spectrum antiviral protein. Yeast two-hybrid assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation revealed that calcium-dependent lipid-binding (CaLB domain) family protein (NbCalB) interacted with NbCRVP to assist NbCRVP playing a stronger antiviral effect. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the efficient co-delivery of DNA expressing NbCRVP and NbCalB into plants using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) nanocarriers, achieving stronger broad-spectrum antiviral effects. CONCLUSIONS Our work presents a tool for species-independent transfer of two interacting protein DNA into plant cells in a specific ratio for enhanced antiviral effect without transgenic integration, which further demonstrated new strategies for nanocarrier-mediated DNA delivery of disease-resistant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Weifang Vocational College, Weifang, 262737, China
| | - Daoshun Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Bin Li
- Sichuan Tobacco Company, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Changquan Li
- Liupanshui City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Liupanshui, 553000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Yubing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Shimizu JF, Feferbaum-Leite S, Santos IA, Martins DOS, Kingston NJ, Shegdar M, Zothner C, Sampaio SV, Harris M, Stonehouse NJ, Jardim ACG. Effect of proteins isolated from Brazilian snakes on enterovirus A71 replication cycle: An approach against hand, foot and mouth disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124519. [PMID: 37085072 PMCID: PMC7615699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) belongs to the Picornaviridae family and is the main etiological agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). There is no approved antiviral against EVA71, and therefore the search for novel anti-EVA71 therapeutics is essential. In this context, the antiviral activity of proteins isolated from snake venoms has been reported against a range of viruses. Here, the proteins CM10 and CM14 isolated from Bothrops moojeni, and Crotamin and PLA2CB isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus were investigated for their antiviral activity against EVA71 infection. CM14 and Crotamin possessed a selective index (SI) of 170.8 and 120.4, respectively, while CM10 and PLA2CB had an SI of 67.4 and 12.5, respectively. CM14 inhibited all steps of viral replication (protective effect: 76 %; virucidal: 99 %; and post-entry: 99 %). Similarly, Crotamin inhibited up to 99 % of three steps. In contrast, CM10 and PLA2CB impaired one or two steps of EVA71 replication, respectively. Further dose-response assays using increasing titres of EVA71 were performed and CM14 and Crotamin retained functionality with high concentrations of EVA71 (up to 1000 TCID50). These data demonstrate that proteins isolated from snake venom are potent inhibitors of EVA71 and could be used as scaffolds for future development of novel antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, Language and Exact Science - IBILCE, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Shiraz Feferbaum-Leite
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Igor Andrade Santos
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, Language and Exact Science - IBILCE, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalie J Kingston
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mona Shegdar
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Zothner
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, SP, Brazil
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Stonehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, Language and Exact Science - IBILCE, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Past, Present, and Future of Naturally Occurring Antimicrobials Related to Snake Venoms. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040744. [PMID: 36830531 PMCID: PMC9952678 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on proteins and peptides with antimicrobial activity because these biopolymers can be useful in the fight against infectious diseases and to overcome the critical problem of microbial resistance to antibiotics. In fact, snakes show the highest diversification among reptiles, surviving in various environments; their innate immunity is similar to mammals and the response of their plasma to bacteria and fungi has been explored mainly in ecological studies. Snake venoms are a rich source of components that have a variety of biological functions. Among them are proteins like lectins, metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, L-amino acid oxidases, phospholipases type A2, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, as well as many oligopeptides, such as waprins, cardiotoxins, cathelicidins, and β-defensins. In vitro, these biomolecules were shown to be active against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses that are pathogenic to humans. Not only cathelicidins, but all other proteins and oligopeptides from snake venom have been proteolyzed to provide short antimicrobial peptides, or for use as templates for developing a variety of short unnatural sequences based on their structures. In addition to organizing and discussing an expressive amount of information, this review also describes new β-defensin sequences of Sistrurus miliarius that can lead to novel peptide-based antimicrobial agents, using a multidisciplinary approach that includes sequence phylogeny.
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The secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells: Insights into venom cytotoxicity. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:193-230. [PMID: 36707202 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Snake envenomation is listed as Category A Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) by World Health Organization, indicates a severe public health problem. The global figures for envenomation cases are estimated to be more than 1.8 million annually. Even if the affected victims survive the envenomation, they might suffer from permanent morbidity due to local envenomation. One of the most prominent local envenomation is dermonecrosis. Dermonecrosis is a pathophysiological outcome of envenomation that often causes disability in the victims due to surgical amputations, deformities, contracture, and chronic ulceration. The key venom toxins associated with this local symptom are mainly attributed to substantial levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic toxins as well as their possible synergistic actions. Despite so, the severity of the local tissue damage is based on macroscopic observation of the bite areas. Furthermore, limited knowledge is known about the key biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of dermonecrosis. The current immunotherapy with antivenom is also ineffective against dermonecrosis. These local effects eventually end up as sequelae. There is also a global shortage of toxins-targeted therapeutics attributed to inadequate knowledge of the actual molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity. This chapter discusses the characterization of secretory phenotypes of dermonecrosis as an advanced tool to indicate its severity and pathogenesis in envenomation. Altogether, the secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells and tissues represent the precise characteristics of dermonecrosis caused by venom toxins.
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Biological and Medical Aspects Related to South American Rattlesnake Crotalus durissus (Linnaeus, 1758): A View from Colombia. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120875. [PMID: 36548772 PMCID: PMC9784998 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Colombia, South America, there is a subspecies of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus, C. d. cumanensis, a snake of the Viperidae family, whose presence has been reduced due to the destruction of its habitat. It is an enigmatic snake from the group of pit vipers, venomous, with large articulated front fangs, special designs on its body, and a characteristic rattle on its tail. Unlike in Brazil, the occurrence of human envenomation by C. durisus in Colombia is very rare and contributes to less than 1% of envenomation caused by snakes. Its venom is a complex cocktail of proteins with different biological effects, which evolved with the purpose of paralyzing the prey, killing it, and starting its digestive process, as well as having defense functions. When its venom is injected into humans as the result of a bite, the victim presents with both local tissue damage and with systemic involvement, including a diverse degree of neurotoxic, myotoxic, nephrotoxic, and coagulopathic effects, among others. Its biological effects are being studied for use in human health, including the possible development of analgesic, muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-infection, and antineoplastic drugs. Several groups of researchers in Brazil are very active in their contributions in this regard. In this work, a review is made of the most relevant biological and medical aspects related to the South American rattlesnake and of what may be of importance for a better understanding of the snake C. d. cumanensis, present in Colombia and Venezuela.
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Antiviral Effects of Animal Toxins: Is There a Way to Drugs? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073634. [PMID: 35408989 PMCID: PMC8998278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses infect all types of organisms, causing viral diseases, which are very common in humans. Since viruses use the metabolic pathways of their host cells to replicate, they are difficult to eradicate without affecting the cells. The most effective measures against viral infections are vaccinations and antiviral drugs, which selectively inhibit the viral replication cycle. Both methods have disadvantages, which requires the development of new approaches to the treatment of viral diseases. In the study of animal venoms, it was found that, in addition to toxicity, venoms exhibit other types of biological activity, including an antiviral one, the first mention of which dates back to middle of the last century, but detailed studies of their antiviral activity have been conducted over the past 15 years. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced these studies and several compounds with antiviral activity have been identified in venoms. Some of them are very active and can be considered as the basis for antiviral drugs. This review discusses recent antiviral studies, the found compounds with high antiviral activity, and the possible mechanisms of their action. The prospects for using the animal venom components to create antiviral drugs, and the expected problems and possible solutions are also considered.
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Bioactive Molecules Derived from Snake Venoms with Therapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Thrombo-Cardiovascular Disorders Associated with COVID-19. Protein J 2021; 40:799-841. [PMID: 34499333 PMCID: PMC8427918 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-10019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As expected, several new variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and have been detected around the world throughout this Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, there is no specific developed drug against COVID-19 and the challenge of developing effective antiviral strategies based on natural agents with different mechanisms of action becomes an urgent need and requires identification of genetic differences among variants. Such data is used to improve therapeutics to combat SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature is known to offer many biotherapeutics from animal venoms, algae and plant that have been historically used in traditional medicine. Among these bioresources, snake venom displays many bioactivities of interest such as antiviral, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumoral. COVID-19 is a viral respiratory sickness due to SARS-CoV-2 which induces thrombotic disorders due to cytokine storm, platelet hyperactivation and endothelial dysfunction. This review aims to: (1) present an overview on the infection, the developed thrombo-inflammatory responses and mechanisms of induced thrombosis of COVID-19 compared to other similar pathogenesis; (2) underline the role of natural compounds such as anticoagulant, antiplatelet and thrombolytic agents; (3) investigate the management of coagulopathy related to COVID-19 and provide insight on therapeutic such as venom compounds. We also summarize the updated advances on antiviral proteins and peptides derived from snake venoms that could weaken coagulopathy characterizing COVID-19.
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Leu JH, Tsai CH, Yang CH, Chou HY, Wang HC. Identification and characterization of l-amino acid oxidase 2 gene in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 120:104058. [PMID: 33657430 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, l-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) have been identified in several fish species as first-line defense molecules against bacterial infection. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a fish LAAO gene, EcLAAO2, from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The full-length cDNA is 3030 bp, with an ORF encoding a protein of 511 amino acids. EcLAAO2 is mainly expressed in the fin, gill, and intestine. Its expression is upregulated in several immune organs after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and poly (I:C). The recombinant EcLAAO2 protein (rEcLAAO2), expressed and purified from a baculovirus expression system, was determined to be a glycosylated dimer. According to a hydrogen peroxide-production assay, the recombinant protein was identified as having LAAO enzyme activity with substrate preference for L-Phe and L-Trp, but not L-Lys as other known fish LAAOs. rEcLAAO2 could effectively inhibit the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis while exhibiting less effective inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli. Finally, protein models based on sequence homology were constructed to predict the three-dimensional structure of EcLAAO2 as well as to explain the difference in substrate specificity between EcLAAO2 and other reported fish LAAOs. In conclusion, this study identifies EcLAAO2 as a novel fish LAAO with a substrate preference distinct from other known fish LAAOs and reveals that it may function against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Horng Leu
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chi-Hang Tsai
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hsun Yang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yiu Chou
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hao-Ching Wang
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Kasai K, Nakano M, Ohishi M, Nakamura T, Miura T. Antimicrobial properties of L-amino acid oxidase: biochemical features and biomedical applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4819-4832. [PMID: 34106313 PMCID: PMC8188536 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Mucus layer that covers the body surface of various animal functions as a defense barrier against microbes, environmental xenobiotics, and predators. Previous studies have reported that L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), present in several animal fluids, has potent properties against pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. LAAO catalyzes the oxidative deamination of specific L-amino acids with the generation of hydrogen peroxide and L-amino acid metabolites. Further, the generated hydrogen peroxide is involved in oxidation (direct effect) while the metabolites activate immune responses (indirect effect). Therefore, LAAO exhibits two different mechanisms of bioactivation. Previously, we described the selective, specific, and local oxidative and potent antibacterial actions of various LAAOs as potential therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on their biochemical features, enzymatic regulations, and biomedical applications with a view of describing their probable role as biochemical agents and biomarkers for microbial infections, cancer, and autoimmune-mediated diseases. We consider that LAAOs hold implications in biomedicine owing to their antimicrobial activity wherein they can be used in treatment of infectious diseases and as diagnostic biomarkers in the above-mentioned diseased conditions. Key points •Focus on biochemical features, enzymatic regulation, and biomedical applications of LAAOs. •Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity, inflammatory regulation, and immune responses of LAAOs. •Potential biomedical application as an antimicrobial and anti-infection agent, and disease biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
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Cytotoxicity of snake venom enzymatic toxins: phospholipase A2 and l-amino acid oxidase. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:719-731. [PMID: 32267491 PMCID: PMC7200639 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) are two major enzymes found in the venoms from most snake species. These enzymes have been structurally and functionally characterised for their pharmacological activities. Both PLA2 and LAAO from different venoms demonstrate considerable cytotoxic effects on cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppression of proliferation. These enzymes produce more pronounced cytotoxic effects in cancer cells than normal cells, thus they can be potential sources as chemotherapeutic agents. It is proposed that PLA2 and LAAO contribute to an elevated oxidative stress due to their catalytic actions, for instance, the ability of PLA2 to produce reactive oxygen species during lipolysis and formation of H2O2 from LAAO catalytic activity which consequently lead to cell death. Nonetheless, the cell-death signalling pathways associated with exposure to these enzymatic toxins are not fully elucidated yet. Here in this review, we will discuss the cytotoxic effects of PLA2 and LAAO in relationship to their catalytic mechanisms and the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxic actions.
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Cañas CA, Castaño-Valencia S, Castro-Herrera F, Cañas F, Tobón GJ. Biomedical applications of snake venom: from basic science to autoimmunity and rheumatology. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 4:100076. [PMID: 33385156 PMCID: PMC7772571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms have components with diverse biological actions that are extensively studied to identify elements that may be useful in biomedical sciences. In the field of autoimmunity and rheumatology, various findings useful for the study of diseases and potential drug development have been reported. The study of disintegrins, proteins that block the action of integrins, has been useful for the development of antiplatelet agents and principles for the development of immunosuppressants and antineoplastics. Several proteins in snake venoms act on the coagulation cascade, activating factors that have allowed the development of tests for the study of coagulation, including Russell's viper venom time, which is useful in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Neurotoxins with either pre- or postsynaptic effects have been used to study neurogenic synapses and neuromuscular plaques and the development of analgesics, muscle relaxants and drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Various components act by inhibiting cells and proteins of the immune system, which will allow the development of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. This review summarizes the usefulness of the components of snake venoms in the fields of autoimmunity and rheumatology, which can serve as a basis for diverse translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Cañas
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Santiago Castaño-Valencia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Castro-Herrera
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Felipe Cañas
- Department of Cardiology, Clínica Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel J Tobón
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
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Pająk M. Methylated derivatives of l-tyrosine in reaction catalyzed by l-amino acid oxidase: isotope and inhibitory effects. J Biochem 2020; 168:509-514. [PMID: 32569353 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is widely distributed in nature and shows important biological activity. It induces cell apoptosis and has antibacterial properties. This study was designed to investigate the effect of methyl substituent on its activity as methylated derivatives of l-tyrosine, labelled with short-lived B+ emitters, have been used in oncological diagnostics. To study isotope effects in the oxidative deamination of O-methyl-l-tyrosine, the deuterated isotopomer, i.e. O-methyl-[2-2H]-l-tyrosine, was synthesized by isotope exchange, catalyzed enzymatically by tryptophanase. Isotope effects were determined using the spectrophotometric non-competitive method. The values of isotope effects indicate that the α-C-H bond cleavage occurs in the rate determining step of the investigated reaction and α-hydrogen plays a role in the substrate binding process at the enzyme active site. The inhibitory effect on LAAO activity was studied with α-methyl-l-tyrosine and N-methyl-l-tyrosine. The mode of inhibition was determined based on Lineweavear-Burk plots intersections. α-Methyl-l-tyrosine has been found a mixed type inhibitor of the investigated enzyme, whereas N-methyl-l-tyrosine is a non-competitive inhibitor of LAAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pająk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur 1 Str, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Metal coordination by L-amino acid oxidase derived from flounder Platichthys stellatus is structurally essential and regulates antibacterial activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9645-9654. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ullah A. Structure-Function Studies and Mechanism of Action of Snake Venom L-Amino Acid Oxidases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 32158389 PMCID: PMC7052187 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom L-amino acid oxidases (SV-LAAOs) are the least studied venom enzymes. These enzymes catalyze the stereospecific oxidation of an L-amino acid to their corresponding α-keto acid with the liberation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia (NH3). They display various pathological and physiological activities including induction of apoptosis, edema, platelet aggregation/inhibition, hemorrhagic, and anticoagulant activities. They also show antibacterial, antiviral and leishmanicidal activity and have been used as therapeutic agents in some disease conditions like cancer and anti-HIV drugs. Although the crystal structures of six SV-LAAOs are present in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), there is no single article that describes all of them in particular. To better understand their structural properties and correlate it with their function, the current work describes structure characterization, structure-based mechanism of catalysis, inhibition and substrate specificity of SV-LAAOs. Sequence analysis indicates a high sequence identity (>84%) among SV-LAAOs, comparatively lower sequence identity with Pig kidney D-amino acid oxidase (<50%) and very low sequence identity (<24%) with bacterial LAAOs, Fugal (L-lysine oxidase), and Zea mays Polyamine oxidase (PAAO). The three-dimensional structure of these enzymes are composed of three-domains, a FAD-binding domain, a substrate-binding domain and a helical domain. The sequence and structural analysis indicate that the amino acid residues in the loops vary in length and composition due to which the surface charge distribution also varies that may impart variable substrate specificity to these enzymes. The active site cavity volume and its average depth also vary in these enzymes. The inhibition of these enzymes by synthetic inhibitors will lead to the production of more potent antivenoms against snakebite envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ullah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Snake Venoms in Drug Discovery: Valuable Therapeutic Tools for Life Saving. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100564. [PMID: 31557973 PMCID: PMC6832721 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are used as defense mechanisms or to immobilize and digest prey. In fact, venoms are complex mixtures of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components with specific pathophysiological functions. Peptide toxins isolated from animal venoms target mainly ion channels, membrane receptors and components of the hemostatic system with high selectivity and affinity. The present review shows an up-to-date survey on the pharmacology of snake-venom bioactive components and evaluates their therapeutic perspectives against a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. Snake venoms have also been used as medical tools for thousands of years especially in tradition Chinese medicine. Consequently, snake venoms can be considered as mini-drug libraries in which each drug is pharmacologically active. However, less than 0.01% of these toxins have been identified and characterized. For instance, Captopril® (Enalapril), Integrilin® (Eptifibatide) and Aggrastat® (Tirofiban) are drugs based on snake venoms, which have been approved by the FDA. In addition to these approved drugs, many other snake venom components are now involved in preclinical or clinical trials for a variety of therapeutic applications. These examples show that snake venoms can be a valuable source of new principle components in drug discovery.
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Abstract
Abstract
An increasing problem in the field of health protection is the emergence of drug-resistant and multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains. They cause a number of infections, including hospital infections, which currently available antibiotics are unable to fight. Therefore, many studies are devoted to the search for new therapeutic agents with bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties. One of the latest concepts is to search for this type of substances among toxins produced by venomous animals. In this approach, however, special attention is paid to snake venom because it contains molecules with antibacterial properties. Thorough investigations have shown that the phospholipases A2 (PLA2) and l-amino acids oxidases (LAAO), as well as fragments of these enzymes, are mainly responsible for the bactericidal properties of snake venoms. Some preliminary research studies also suggest that fragments of three-finger toxins (3FTx) are bactericidal. It has also been proven that some snakes produce antibacterial peptides (AMP) homologous to human defensins and cathelicidins. The presence of these proteins and peptides means that snake venoms continue to be an interesting material for researchers and can be perceived as a promising source of antibacterial agents.
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Wiezel GA, Rustiguel JK, Morgenstern D, Zoccal KF, Faccioli LH, Nonato MC, Ueberheide B, Arantes EC. Insights into the structure, function and stability of bordonein-L, the first L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom. Biochimie 2019; 163:33-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pokrovsky VS, Chepikova OE, Davydov DZ, Zamyatnin AA, Lukashev AN, Lukasheva EV. Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes and their Application in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:446-464. [PMID: 28990519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are essential components in various biochemical pathways. The deprivation of certain amino acids is an antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of amino acid-dependent cancers which exploits the compromised metabolism of malignant cells. Several studies have focused on the development and preclinical and clinical evaluation of amino acid degrading enzymes, namely L-asparaginase, L-methionine γ-lyase, L-arginine deiminase, L-lysine α-oxidase. Further research into cancer cell metabolism may therefore define possible targets for controlling tumor growth. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to summarize recent progress in the relationship between amino acids metabolism and cancer therapy, with a particular focus on Lasparagine, L-methionine, L-arginine and L-lysine degrading enzymes and their formulations, which have been successfully used in the treatment of several types of cancer. METHODS We carried out a structured search among literature regarding to amino acid degrading enzymes. The main aspects of search were in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials concerning application of these enzymes in oncology. RESULTS Most published research are on the subject of L-asparaginase properties and it's use for cancer treatment. L-arginine deiminase has shown promising results in a phase II trial in advanced melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Other enzymes, in particular Lmethionine γ-lyase and L-lysine α-oxidase, were effective in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The findings of this review revealed that therapy based on amino acid depletion may have the potential application for cancer treatment but further clinical investigations are required to provide the efficacy and safety of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Chepikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico- Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Lukasheva
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Zainal Abidin SA, Lee YQ, Othman I, Naidu R. Malaysian Cobra Venom: A Potential Source of Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Agents. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020075. [PMID: 30717096 PMCID: PMC6409816 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a deadly disease and there is an urgent need for the development of effective and safe therapeutic agents to treat it. Snake venom is a complex mixture of bioactive proteins that represents an attractive source of novel and naturally-derived anticancer agents. Malaysia is one of the world’s most biodiverse countries and is home to various venomous snake species, including cobras. Naja kaouthia, Naja sumatrana, and Ophiophagus hannah are three of the most common cobra species in Malaysia and are of medical importance. Over the past decades, snake venom has been identified as a potential source of therapeutic agents, including anti-cancer agents. This present review highlights the potential anticancer activity of the venom and purified venom protein of N. kaouthia, N. sumatrana, and O. hannah. In conclusion, this review highlights the important role of the venom from Malaysian cobras as an important resource that researchers can exploit to further investigate its potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Qian Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Rima M, Alavi Naini SM, Karam M, Sadek R, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z. Vipers of the Middle East: A Rich Source of Bioactive Molecules. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102721. [PMID: 30360399 PMCID: PMC6222703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom serves as a tool of defense against threat and helps in prey digestion. It consists of a mixture of enzymes, such as phospholipase A2, metalloproteases, and l-amino acid oxidase, and toxins, including neurotoxins and cytotoxins. Beside their toxicity, venom components possess many pharmacological effects and have been used to design drugs and as biomarkers of diseases. Viperidae is one family of venomous snakes that is found nearly worldwide. However, three main vipers exist in the Middle Eastern region: Montivipera bornmuelleri, Macrovipera lebetina, and Vipera (Daboia) palaestinae. The venoms of these vipers have been the subject of many studies and are considered as a promising source of bioactive molecules. In this review, we present an overview of these three vipers, with a special focus on their venom composition as well as their biological activities, and we discuss further frameworks for the exploration of each venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Rima
- Department of Neuroscience, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Alavi Naini
- Department of Neuroscience, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marc Karam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Balamand, Kourah3843, Lebanon.
| | - Riyad Sadek
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Laboratory INSERM UMR 1097, Aix-Marseille University, 163, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Avenue de Luminy, Bâtiment TPR2, Case 939, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon.
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon.
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Khusro A, Aarti C, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Rivas-Cáceres RR, Cipriano-Salazar M. Venom as therapeutic weapon to combat dreadful diseases of 21 st century: A systematic review on cancer, TB, and HIV/AIDS. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:96-107. [PMID: 30195644 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and infectious diseases are the preeminent causes of human morbidities and mortalities worldwide. At present, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy are considered as predominant options in order to treat cancer. But these therapies provide inadequate consequences by affecting both the normal and tumor cells. On the other hand, tuberculosis (TB), and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infections are significant threats, causing over a million mortalities each year. The extensive applications of antibiotics have caused the microbes to acquire resistance to the existing antibiotics. With the emerging dilemma of drug resistant microbes, it has become imperative to identify novel therapeutic agents from natural sources as emphatic alternative approach. Over the past few decades, venoms derived from several reptiles, amphibians, and arthropods including snakes, scorpions, frogs, spiders, honey bees, wasps, beetles, caterpillars, ants, centipedes, and sponges have been identified as efficient therapeutics. Venoms constitute plethora of bioactive components, particularly peptides, enzymes, and other chemical entities, which exhibit a large array of anticancer and anti-pathogenic activities. This review highlights the panorama of bioactive components of animal venoms divulging the anticancer, anti-tubercular, and anti-HIV activities. In a nutshell, this context discloses the decisive role of animal venoms as alternative natural resources to combat these deadly diseases of 21st century, and propounding the plausible development of new therapeutic drugs in the present era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600034, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chirom Aarti
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alberto Barbabosa-Pliego
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Raymundo Rene Rivas-Cáceres
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. Plutarco Elías Calles No. 1210, FOVISSSTE Chamizal Cd, Juarez, C.P. 32310, Mexico
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l-Amino acid oxidase from Cerastes vipera snake venom: Isolation, characterization and biological effects on bacteria and tumor cell lines. Toxicon 2018; 150:270-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zainal Abidin SA, Rajadurai P, Chowdhury MEH, Ahmad Rusmili MR, Othman I, Naidu R. Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-inducing Activity of L-Amino Acid Oxidase from MalaysianCalloselasma rhodostomaon Human Colon Cancer Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:577-588. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Pathmanathan Rajadurai
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Md. Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | | | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Nicolau CA, Prorock A, Bao Y, Neves-Ferreira AGDC, Valente RH, Fox JW. Revisiting the Therapeutic Potential of Bothrops jararaca Venom: Screening for Novel Activities Using Connectivity Mapping. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10020069. [PMID: 29415440 PMCID: PMC5848170 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms are sources of molecules with proven and potential therapeutic applications. However, most activities assayed in venoms (or their components) are of hemorrhagic, hypotensive, edematogenic, neurotoxic or myotoxic natures. Thus, other relevant activities might remain unknown. Using functional genomics coupled to the connectivity map (C-map) approach, we undertook a wide range indirect search for biological activities within the venom of the South American pit viper Bothrops jararaca. For that effect, venom was incubated with human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF7) followed by RNA extraction and gene expression analysis. A list of 90 differentially expressed genes was submitted to biosimilar drug discovery based on pattern recognition. Among the 100 highest-ranked positively correlated drugs, only the antihypertensive, antimicrobial (both antibiotic and antiparasitic), and antitumor classes had been previously reported for B. jararaca venom. The majority of drug classes identified were related to (1) antimicrobial activity; (2) treatment of neuropsychiatric illnesses (Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, depression, and epilepsy); (3) treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and (4) anti-inflammatory action. The C-map results also indicated that B. jararaca venom may have components that target G-protein-coupled receptors (muscarinic, serotonergic, histaminergic, dopaminergic, GABA, and adrenergic) and ion channels. Although validation experiments are still necessary, the C-map correlation to drugs with activities previously linked to snake venoms supports the efficacy of this strategy as a broad-spectrum approach for biological activity screening, and rekindles the snake venom-based search for new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alves Nicolau
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasília, DF 71605-170, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Alyson Prorock
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Yongde Bao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Ana Gisele da Costa Neves-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasília, DF 71605-170, Brazil.
| | - Richard Hemmi Valente
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasília, DF 71605-170, Brazil.
| | - Jay William Fox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M. Akef
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals (NORCB), Giza, Egypt
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Yu Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yin J, Qiu J. Reactive oxygen species-scavenging system is involved in l-amino acid oxidase accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas sp. B3. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:326. [PMID: 28955623 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the mechanisms underlying the flavoprotein l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) accumulation in cells remain unclear. In this study, using LAAO-producer Pseudoalteromonas spp. as model organisms, we found that the cell biomass is negatively associated with LAAO accumulation, whereas the LAAO accumulation is positively associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capability. The expression levels of ROS-scavenging-associated genes were up-regulated with LAAO accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas cells, which is presumably due to the requirement for the removal of LAAO-induced ROS. Exogenous H2O2 exposure experiment supported that the ROS-scavenging system is associated with LAAO accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas. All these observations indicate that ROS-scavenging capacity determines LAAO accumulation in bacterial cells. Our results shed a light on understanding the mechanism underlying controlling and adapting to LAAO accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas. Besides, our findings are critical to the improvement of heterologous expression of active LAAO in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yangsheng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Juanping Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
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da Mata ÉCG, Mourão CBF, Rangel M, Schwartz EF. Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:3. [PMID: 28074089 PMCID: PMC5217322 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses exhibit rapid mutational capacity to trick and infect host cells, sometimes assisted through virus-coded peptides that counteract host cellular immune defense. Although a large number of compounds have been identified as inhibiting various viral infections and disease progression, it is urgent to achieve the discovery of more effective agents. Furthermore, proportionally to the great variety of diseases caused by viruses, very few viral vaccines are available, and not all are efficient. Thus, new antiviral substances obtained from natural products have been prospected, including those derived from venomous animals. Venoms are complex mixtures of hundreds of molecules, mostly peptides, that present a large array of biological activities and evolved to putatively target the biochemical machinery of different pathogens or host cellular structures. In addition, non-venomous compounds, such as some body fluids of invertebrate organisms, exhibit antiviral activity. This review provides a panorama of peptides described from animal venoms that present antiviral activity, thereby reinforcing them as important tools for the development of new therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élida Cleyse Gomes da Mata
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | | | - Marisa Rangel
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900 Brazil ; Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900 Brazil
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El Hakim A, Salama W, Hamed M, Ali A, Ibrahim N. Heterodimeric l-amino acid oxidase enzymes from Egyptian Cerastes cerastes venom: Purification, biochemical characterization and partial amino acid sequencing. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:165-176. [PMID: 30647580 PMCID: PMC6299811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two l-amino acid oxidase enzyme isoforms, Cc-LAAOI and Cc-LAAOII were purified to apparent homogeneity from Cerastes cerastes venom in a sequential two-step chromatographic protocol including; gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The native molecular weights of the isoforms were 115 kDa as determined by gel filtration on calibrated Sephacryl S-200 column, while the monomeric molecular weights of the enzymes were, 60, 56 kDa and 60, 53 kDa for LAAOI and LAAOII, respectively. The tryptic peptides of the two isoforms share high sequence homology with other snake venom l-amino acid oxidases. The optimal pH and temperature values of Cc-LAAOI and Cc-LAAOII were 7.8, 50 °C and 7, 60 °C, respectively. The two isoenzymes were thermally stable up to 70 °C. The K m and V max values were 0.67 mM, 0.135 μmol/min for LAAOI and 0.82 mM, 0.087 μmol/min for LAAOII. Both isoenzymes displayed high catalytic preference to long-chain, hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids. The Mn2 + ion markedly increased the LAAO activity for both purified isoforms, while Na+, K+, Ca2 +, Mg2 + and Ba2 + ions showed a non-significant increase in the enzymatic activity of both isoforms. Furthermore, Zn2 +, Ni2 +, Co2 +, Cu2 + and AL3 + ions markedly inhibited the LAAOI and LAAOII activities. l-Cysteine and reduced glutathione completely inhibited the LAAO activity of both isoenzymes, whereas, β-mercaptoethanol, O-phenanthroline and PMSF completely inhibited the enzymatic activity of LAAOII. Furthermore, iodoacitic acid inhibited the enzymatic activity of LAAOII by 46% and had no effect on the LAAOI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. El Hakim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
| | - W.H. Salama
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
| | - M.B. Hamed
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
| | - A.A. Ali
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - N.M. Ibrahim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
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Bordon KCF, Wiezel GA, Cabral H, Arantes EC. Bordonein-L, a new L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom: isolation, preliminary characterization and enzyme stability. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:26. [PMID: 26273287 PMCID: PMC4535778 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (CdtV) is one of the most studied snake venoms in Brazil. Despite presenting several well known proteins, its L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) has not been studied previously. This study aimed to isolate, characterize and evaluate the enzyme stability of bordonein-L, an LAAO from CdtV. Methods The enzyme was isolated through cation exchange, gel filtration and affinity chromatography, followed by a reversed-phase fast protein liquid chromatography to confirm its purity. Subsequently, its N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation. The enzyme activity and stability were evaluated by a microplate colorimetric assay and the molecular mass was estimated by SDS-PAGE using periodic acid-Schiff staining and determined by mass spectrometry. Results The first 39 N-terminal amino acid residues exhibited high identity with other snake venom L-amino acid oxidases. Bordonein-L is a homodimer glycoprotein of approximately 101 kDa evaluated by gel filtration. Its monomer presents around 53 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE and 58,702 Da determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.0 and lost about 50 % of its activity after five days of storage at 4 °C. Bordonein-L’s activity was higher than the control when stored in 2.8 % mannitol or 8.5 % sucrose. Conclusions This research is pioneering in its isolation, characterization and enzyme stability evaluation of an LAAO from CdtV, denominated bordonein-L. These results are important because they increase the knowledge about stabilization of LAAOs, aiming to increase their shelf life. Since the maintenance of enzymatic activity after long periods of storage is essential to enable their biotechnological use as well as their functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C F Bordon
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 SP Brazil
| | - Gisele A Wiezel
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 SP Brazil
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Eliane C Arantes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 SP Brazil
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Kasai K, Ishikawa T, Nakamura T, Miura T. Antibacterial properties of L-amino acid oxidase: mechanisms of action and perspectives for therapeutic applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7847-57. [PMID: 26243056 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Venom, the mucus layer covering the body surface, ink glands, mammary glands, milk, and various animal secretory functions as both a physical and chemical defense barrier against bacteria and virus infections. Previously, several studies reported that L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) present in animal secretary fluids have strong antimicrobial activities and selective cytotoxic activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, various pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasite species. These LAAOs catalyze oxidative deamination of an L-amino acid substrate with the generation of hydrogen peroxide. The antibacterial activity of LAAOs is completely inhibited by catalase; thus, LAAOs kill bacteria by the hydrogen peroxide generated from the oxidation of L-amino acid substrates. This review focuses on the selective, specific, and local antibacterial actions of various LAAOs that may be used as novel therapeutic agents against infectious diseases. LAAOs that are suitable leads for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
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31
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Vos CMF, De Cremer K, Cammue BPA, De Coninck B. The toolbox of Trichoderma spp. in the biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea disease. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:400-12. [PMID: 25171761 PMCID: PMC6638538 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing disease in many plant species, leading to economically important crop losses. So far, fungicides have been widely used to control this pathogen. However, in addition to their detrimental effects on the environment and potential risks for human health, increasing fungicide resistance has been observed in the B. cinerea population. Biological control, that is the application of microbial organisms to reduce disease, has gained importance as an alternative or complementary approach to fungicides. In this respect, the genus Trichoderma constitutes a promising pool of organisms with potential for B. cinerea control. In the first part of this article, we review the specific mechanisms involved in the direct interaction between the two fungi, including mycoparasitism, the production of antimicrobial compounds and enzymes (collectively called antagonism), and competition for nutrients and space. In addition, biocontrol has also been observed when Trichoderma is physically separated from the pathogen, thus implying an indirect systemic plant defence response. Therefore, in the second part, we describe the consecutive steps leading to induced systemic resistance (ISR), starting with the initial Trichoderma-plant interaction and followed by the activation of downstream signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, the defence response resulting in ISR (ISR-prime phase). Finally, we discuss the ISR-boost phase, representing the effect of ISR priming by Trichoderma spp. on plant responses after additional challenge with B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M F Vos
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium
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Li R, Li A. Antibacterial efficacy of recombinant Siganus oramin L-amino acid oxidase expressed in Pichia pastoris. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:356-361. [PMID: 25238719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Siganus oraminl-amino acid oxidase is a novel natural protein (named SR-LAAO) isolated from serum of the rabbitfish (S. oramin), which showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and had a lethal effect on the parasites Cryptocaryon irritans, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. In order to test whether recombinant SR-LAAO (rSR-LAAO) produced by the eukaryotic expression system also has antimicrobial activity, the yeast Pichia pastoris was used as the expression host to obtain rSR-LAAO in vitro. Crude rSR-LAAO produced by P. pastoris integrated with the SR-LAAO gene had antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as shown by inhibition zone assay of the antibacterial spectrum on agar plates. The average diameter of the inhibition zone of crude rSR-LAAO against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae was 1.040 ± 0.045 cm and 1.209 ± 0.085 cm, respectively. For the Gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas sobria, Escherichia coli, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholera and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, the average diameter of inhibition zone was 1.291 ± 0.089 cm, 0.943 ± 0.061 cm, 0.756 ± 0.057 cm, 0.834 ± 0.023 cm and 1.211 ± 0.026 cm, respectively. These results were obtained at the logarithmic growth phase of S. agalactiae and A. sobria cell suspensions after incubation with 0.5 mg/mL crude rSR-LAAO for 24 h. The final bacterial growth rate was decreased significantly. The relative inhibition rate can reach 50% compared to crude products from P. pastoris integrated with an empty vector at the same concentration of protein. The antimicrobial activity of crude rSR-LAAO was likely associated with H2O2 formation, because its inhibition zones were disturbed significantly by catalase. Scanning electron microscopy results showed crude rSR-LAAO-treated bacterial surfaces became rough and particles were attached, cell walls were retracted and cell membranes were ruptured. Together, the results of this study indicated rSR-LAAO from the P. pastoris expression system is a potential antibiotic for application as a therapeutic agent against bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, PR China
| | - Anxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, PR China.
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Ullah A, Masood R, Spencer PJ, Murakami MT, Arni RK. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of an L-amino-acid oxidase from Lachesis muta venom. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:1556-9. [PMID: 25372830 PMCID: PMC4231865 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14017877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake-venom proteins form multi-component defence systems by the recruitment and rapid evolution of nonvenomous proteins and hence serve as model systems to understand the structural modifications that result in toxicity. L-Amino-acid oxidases (LAAOs) are encountered in a number of snake venoms and have been implicated in the inhibition of platelet aggregation, cytotoxicity, haemolysis, apoptosis and haemorrhage. An L-amino-acid oxidase from Lachesis muta venom has been purified and crystallized. The crystals belonged to space group P2₁, with unit-cell parameters a=66.05, b=79.41, c=100.52 Å, β=96.55°. The asymmetric unit contained two molecules and the structure has been determined and partially refined at 3.0 Å resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ullah
- Department of Physics, UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Rehana Masood
- Department of Physics, UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Patrick Jack Spencer
- Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Mário Tyago Murakami
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
- Department of Physics, UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
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Tani Y, Omatsu K, Saito S, Miyake R, Kawabata H, Ueda M, Mihara H. Heterologous expression of l-lysine α-oxidase from Scomber japonicus in Pichia pastoris and functional characterization of the recombinant enzyme. J Biochem 2014; 157:201-10. [PMID: 25359785 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish have a complex self-defense mechanism against microbial invasion. Recently, l-lysine α-oxidases have been identified from a number of fish species as a novel type of antibacterial protein in the integument. These enzymes exhibit strict substrate specificity for l-lysine, but the underlying mechanisms and details of their catalytic properties remain unknown. In this study, a synthetic gene coding for Scomber japonicus l-lysine α-oxidase, originally termed AIP (for apoptosis-inducing protein), was expressed in Pichia pastoris, and the recombinant enzyme (rAIP) was purified and characterized. rAIP exhibited essentially the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme, catalyzing the oxidative deamination of l-lysine as an exclusive substrate. rAIP was N-glycosylated and remained active over a wide range of pH, with an optimal pH of 7.5. The enzyme was stable in the pH range from 4.5 to 10.0 and was thermally stable up to 60°C. A molecular modelling of rAIP and a comparative structure/sequence analysis with homologous enzymes indicate that Asp(220) and Asp(320) are the substrate-binding residues that are likely to confer exclusive substrate specificity for l-lysine on the fish enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tani
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Koichiro Omatsu
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeki Saito
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Ryoma Miyake
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawabata
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueda
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Mihara
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan; and API Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
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35
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Advances in Detection Methods of l-Amino Acid Oxidase Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:13-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hanane-Fadila ZM, Fatima LD. Purification, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity ofl-amino Acid Oxidase fromCerastes cerastes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:347-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad-Meziane Hanane-Fadila
- USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; BP 32, El-Alia; Bab Ezzouar, 16111; Algiers Algeria
| | - Laraba-Djebari Fatima
- USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; BP 32, El-Alia; Bab Ezzouar, 16111; Algiers Algeria
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37
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Calderon LA, Sobrinho JC, Zaqueo KD, de Moura AA, Grabner AN, Mazzi MV, Marcussi S, Nomizo A, Fernandes CFC, Zuliani JP, Carvalho BMA, da Silva SL, Stábeli RG, Soares AM. Antitumoral activity of snake venom proteins: new trends in cancer therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:203639. [PMID: 24683541 PMCID: PMC3943284 DOI: 10.1155/2014/203639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For more than half a century, cytotoxic agents have been investigated as a possible treatment for cancer. Research on animal venoms has revealed their high toxicity on tissues and cell cultures, both normal and tumoral. Snake venoms show the highest cytotoxic potential, since ophidian accidents cause a large amount of tissue damage, suggesting a promising utilization of these venoms or their components as antitumoral agents. Over the last few years, we have studied the effects of snake venoms and their isolated enzymes on tumor cell cultures. Some in vivo assays showed antineoplastic activity against induced tumors in mice. In human beings, both the crude venom and isolated enzymes revealed antitumor activities in preliminary assays, with measurable clinical responses in the advanced treatment phase. These enzymes include metalloproteases (MP), disintegrins, L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), C-type lectins, and phospholipases A2 (PLA2s). Their mechanisms of action include direct toxic action (PLA2s), free radical generation (LAAOs), apoptosis induction (PLA2s, MP, and LAAOs), and antiangiogenesis (disintegrins and lectins). Higher cytotoxic and cytostatic activities upon tumor cells than normal cells suggest the possibility for clinical applications. Further studies should be conducted to ensure the efficacy and safety of different snake venom compounds for cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A. Calderon
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Sobrinho
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Kayena D. Zaqueo
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andrea A. de Moura
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Amy N. Grabner
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Maurício V. Mazzi
- Fundação Hermínio Ometto, UNIARARAS, Núcleo de Ciências da Saúde-NUCISA, 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Auro Nomizo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla F. C. Fernandes
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana P. Zuliani
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Bruna M. A. Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Biotecnologia e Engenharia de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, UFSJ, Campus Alto paraopeba, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil
| | - Saulo L. da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Biotecnologia e Engenharia de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, UFSJ, Campus Alto paraopeba, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G. Stábeli
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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Li R, Dan X, Li A. Siganus oramin recombinant L-amino acid oxidase is lethal to Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1867-1873. [PMID: 24113573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel antimicrobial and antiparasitic protein (APP/SR-LAAO) isolated from serum of the rabbitfish (Siganus oramin) was confirmed to be lethal to Cryptocaryon irritans, an important marine parasitic ciliate that causes marine white spot disease in a variety of wild and cultured fish. In this study, a recombinant SR-LAAO (rSR-LAAO) was expressed on a large scale in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami™(DE3)pLysS cells. rSR-LAAO was expressed as an inactive form in the inclusion bodies. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that after purification, refolding and ultrafiltration, rSR-LAAO had a significantly cytotoxic effect on C. irritans theronts. Using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, we found that theronts rapidly became weakly motile, cilia became detached, cells became rounded, membranes eventually lysed in different cell positions and cytoplasmic contents leaked out of the cell. These results suggested the recombinant SR-LAAO was significantly lethal to C. irritans and the death process of the parasite incubated with rSR-LAAO was remarkably similar compared to the SR-LAAO group as reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Li
- Key Laboratory for Aquatic Products Safety of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, PR China
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39
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Li Lee M, Chung I, Yee Fung S, Kanthimathi M, Hong Tan N. Antiproliferative Activity of King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) Venoml-Amino Acid Oxidase. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:336-43. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mui Li Lee
- CENAR and Department of Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Shin Yee Fung
- CENAR and Department of Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - M.S. Kanthimathi
- CENAR and Department of Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nget Hong Tan
- CENAR and Department of Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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40
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Burin SM, Ayres LR, Neves RP, Ambrósio L, de Morais FR, Dias-Baruffi M, Sampaio SV, Pereira-Crott LS, de Castro FA. L-Amino Acid Oxidase Isolated fromBothrops pirajaiInduces Apoptosis in BCR-ABL-Positive Cells and Potentiates Imatinib Mesylate Effect. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:103-12. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Burin
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Lorena R. Ayres
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Renata P. Neves
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Luciana Ambrósio
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Fabiana R. de Morais
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Suely V. Sampaio
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Luciana S. Pereira-Crott
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Fabíola A. de Castro
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
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41
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Snake venomics and antivenomics of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Viridovipera stejnegeri from Taiwan: Keys to understand the variable immune response in horses. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5628-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Guo C, Liu S, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Sun MZ. Past decade study of snake venom L-amino acid oxidase. Toxicon 2012; 60:302-11. [PMID: 22579637 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major protein (enzyme) components of snake venom (SV), L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) plays an important role in the toxicities and biological activities for SV. Accumulated researches in the past decade gradually revealed that SV-LAAOs induce platelet aggregation, cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and have anti-microbial, anti-leishmaniasis, anti-tumor and anti-HIV activity. Except for the enzymatic and structural characteristics of SV-LAAOs, the biological functions of SV-LAAOs and relevant action mechanisms are also summarized and discussed in the review. This work might provide useful inputs for future studies on SV-LAAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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43
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Ullah A, Souza TACB, Abrego JRB, Betzel C, Murakami MT, Arni RK. Structural insights into selectivity and cofactor binding in snake venom L-amino acid oxidases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:124-8. [PMID: 22490662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
L-Amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) are flavoenzymes that catalytically deaminate L-amino acids to corresponding α-keto acids with the concomitant production of ammonia (NH(3)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Particularly, snake venom LAAOs have been attracted much attention due to their diverse clinical and biological effects, interfering on human coagulation factors and being cytotoxic against some pathogenic bacteria and Leishmania ssp. In this work, a new LAAO from Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjsuLAAO) was purified, functionally characterized and its structure determined by X-ray crystallography at 3.1 Å resolution. BjsuLAAO showed high catalytic specificity for aromatic and aliphatic large side-chain amino acids. Comparative structural analysis with prokaryotic LAAOs, which exhibit low specificity, indicates the importance of the active-site volume in modulating enzyme selectivity. Surprisingly, the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor was found in a different orientation canonically described for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic LAAOs. In this new conformational state, the adenosyl group is flipped towards the 62-71 loop, being stabilized by several hydrogen-bond interactions, which is equally stable to the classical binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ullah
- Centro Multiusuário de Inovação Biomolecular, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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44
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Chen HS, Wang YM, Huang WT, Huang KF, Tsai IH. Cloning, characterization and mutagenesis of Russell's viper venom L-amino acid oxidase: Insights into its catalytic mechanism. Biochimie 2012; 94:335-44. [PMID: 21802487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the structure-function relationships and geographic variations of L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) from Daboia venoms, a single LAAO (designated as DrLAO) was purified from eastern Indian Daboia russelii venom and characterized. The purified DrLAO showed subunit molecular mass of 60-64kDa; its N-terminal sequence (1-20) was identical to those of several true viper LAAOs. Its preferred substrates were hydrophobic l-amino acids and the kinetic specificities were ordered as follows: Phe, Tyr, Met, Leu, and Trp. Enzyme assay and Western blotting showed that the venom LAAO contents of D. russelii were higher than those of Daboia siamensis. DrLAO dose-dependently inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation with IC(50) values of 0.27 and 0.82μM, respectively. Apparently, DrLAO may synergize with other venom components to prolong and enhance bleeding symptoms after Daboia envenoming. The full sequence of DrLAO was deduced from its cDNA sequence and then confirmed by peptide mass fingerprinting. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that SV-LAAO family members could be differentiated not only by snake taxonomy but also by the variations at position 223, and they divided into H223, S223, N223, and D223 subclasses. We have further prepared recombinant DrLAO and mutants by the Pichia expression system. Mutagenic analyses of DrLAO His223 revealed that this residue bound substrates instead of serving as an essential base in the catalytic steps. Our results suggest a direct hydride transfer from substrate to FAD as the mechanism for SV-LAAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sen Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Ullah A, Coronado M, Murakami MT, Betzel C, Arni RK. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of an L-amino-acid oxidase from Bothrops jararacussu venom. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:211-3. [PMID: 22298002 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111054923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Snake-venom L-amino-acid oxidases (SV-LAAOs) trigger a wide range of local and systematic effects, including inhibition of platelet aggregation, cytotoxicity, haemolysis, apoptosis and haemorrhage. These effects mainly arise from the uncontrolled release of the hydrogen peroxide that is produced by the redox reaction involving L-amino acids catalyzed by these flavoenzymes. Taking their clinical relevance into account, few SV-LAAOs have been structurally characterized and the structural determinants responsible for their broad direct and indirect pharmacological activities remain unclear. In this work, an LAAO from Bothrops jararacussu venom (BJu-LAAO) was purified and crystallized. The BJu-LAAO crystals belonged to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 66.38, b = 72.19, c = 101.53 Å, β = 90.9°. The asymmetric unit contained two molecules and the structure was determined and partially refined at 3.0 Å resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ullah
- Centro Multiusuário de Inovação Biomolecular, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil
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46
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Lukasheva E, Efremova A, Treshalina E, Arinbasarova A, Medentzev A, Berezov T. L-amino acid oxidases: properties and molecular mechanisms of action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 58:372-84. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125804372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During previous decade L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) attracted the steady interest of researchers due to their poly functional effects on different biological systems. The review summarizes information concerning the sources, structure, phisico-chemical and catalytical properties of LAAO which exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral effects as well as the ambiguous action on platelet aggregation. Special attention is devoted to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of LAAO action. It is proposed that the unique properties of LAAO are based on their catalytic reaction, which causes the decrease of L-amino acid levels, including the essential amino acids and formation of hydrogen peroxide. The action of liberated H2O2 on cells involves the synthesis of oxygen reactive species and the development of necrotic and apoptotic pathways of cell death. The presence of carbohydrate moieties in LAAO molecules promotes their attachment to cell's surface and creation of high H2O2 local concentrations. The wide range of LAAO biological effects is undoubtedly connected with their important functional roles in the organism. In particular, it was shown that in the mice brain the LAAO-catalyzed reaction is the single pathway of L-lysine degradation, while in the mice milk LAAO carry out the antibacterial effect and in human leucocytes LAAO take part in fulfilling their defending role. Protector action may be also attributed to the oxidases from the other numerous sources: microscopic fungi, snake venoms and sea inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.V. Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University
| | - A.A. Efremova
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University
| | - E.M. Treshalina
- N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center,Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - A.Ju. Arinbasarova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A.G. Medentzev
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - T.T. Berezov
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University
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l-Amino acid oxidase-induced apoptosis in filamentous Botrytis cinerea. Anal Biochem 2012; 420:93-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Lukasheva EV, Efremova AA, Treshalina EM, Arinbasarova AY, Medentzev AG, Berezov TT. L-Amino acid oxidases: Properties and molecular mechanisms of action. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s199075081104007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Naumann GB, Silva LF, Silva L, Faria G, Richardson M, Evangelista K, Kohlhoff M, Gontijo CM, Navdaev A, de Rezende FF, Eble JA, Sanchez EF. Cytotoxicity and inhibition of platelet aggregation caused by an l-amino acid oxidase from Bothrops leucurus venom. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:683-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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50
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de Melo Alves Paiva R, de Freitas Figueiredo R, Antonucci GA, Paiva HH, de Lourdes Pires Bianchi M, Rodrigues KC, Lucarini R, Caetano RC, Linhari Rodrigues Pietro RC, Gomes Martins CH, de Albuquerque S, Sampaio SV. Cell cycle arrest evidence, parasiticidal and bactericidal properties induced by l-amino acid oxidase from Bothrops atrox snake venom. Biochimie 2011; 93:941-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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