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Liu H, Jing N, Li F, Wang K, Tang J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Noushahi HA, Xu R, Wang X, Zhu W, Feng S, Shu S, Mei Z. An omics-based characterization of Wolfiporia cocos reveals three CYP450 members involved in the biosynthetic pathway of pachymic acid. Commun Biol 2024; 7:666. [PMID: 38816492 PMCID: PMC11139888 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Wolfiporia cocos is a medicinal mushroom used in China. It biosynthesizes pachymic acid (PA), a main therapeutic triterpene associated with therapies. Nowadays, the unknown PA biosynthesis leads to difficulties in increasing its content in W. cocos. Herein, we report sequencing, assembling, and characterization of the genome and several transcriptomes of W. cocos. Sequence mining determined candidate genes that encode lanosterol synthase, sterol O-acyltransferase, and sterol C-24 methyltransferase likely involved in the steps from lanosterol to PA. Gene cluster analysis identified four CYP450 cDNAs likely involved in the biosynthesis of PA, namely WcCYP64-1, WcCYP64-2, WcCYP52, and WcCYP_FUM15, which were subjected to both overexpression and silencing in mycelia. The overexpression of each of WcCYP64-1, WcCYP52 and WcCYP_FUM15 increased the content of PA, 16α-hydroxytrametenolic acid, eburicoic acid, and tumulosic acid, while the silencing of each gene either significantly or slightly decreased the contents of these four compounds, indicating their involvement in the PA biosynthesis. In addition, different temperatures affected the expression of these genes and the formation of PA. By contrast, the overexpression and silencing of WcCYP64-2 did not alter the formation of these compounds. Taken together, these findings determine more potential steps in the biosynthetic pathway of PA for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Naliang Jing
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Keyue Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hamza Armghan Noushahi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ran Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | | | - Wenjun Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shengqiu Feng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shaohua Shu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zhinan Mei
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Wu T, Hou W, Liu C, Li S, Zhang Y. Efficient Combination of Complex Chromatography, Molecular Docking and Enzyme Kinetics for Exploration of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Poria cocos. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031228. [PMID: 36770895 PMCID: PMC9920314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos (P. cocos) is a traditional Chinese medicinal product with the same origin as medicine and food. It has diuretic, anti-inflammatory and liver protection properties, and has been widely used in a Chinese medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was conducted to explore the activity screening, isolation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), and in vitro inhibiting effect of P. cocos. The aim was to develop a new extraction process optimization method based on the Matlab genetic algorithm combined with a traditional orthogonal experiment. Moreover, bio-affinity ultrafiltration combined with molecular docking was used to screen and evaluate the activity of the AChEIs, which were subsequently isolated and purified using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (semi-preparative HPLC). The change in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was tested using an enzymatic reaction kinetics experiment to reflect the inhibitory effect of active compounds on AChE and explore its mechanism of action. Five potential AChEIs were screened via bio-affinity ultrafiltration. Molecular docking results showed that they had good binding affinity for the active site of AChE. Meanwhile, the five active compounds had reversible inhibitory effects on AChE: Polyporenic acid C and Tumulosic acid were non-competitive inhibitors; 3-Epidehydrotumulosic acid was a mixed inhibitor; and Pachymic acid and Dehydrotrametenolic acid were competitive inhibitors. This study provided a basis for the comprehensive utilization of P. cocos and drug development for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035 Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Wanchao Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-431-86168777 (C.L.)
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-431-86168777 (C.L.)
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China
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Yang M, Yan Q, Luo Y, Wang B, Deng S, Luo H, Ye B, Wang X. Molecular mechanism of Ganji Fang in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification technology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1016967. [PMID: 36744264 PMCID: PMC9892186 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1016967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor harmful to human health. Ganji Fang (GJF) has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of HCC, but its mechanism is still unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of GJF in the treatment of HCC through network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments. Methods: A series of network pharmacology methods were used to identify the potential targets and key pathways of GJF in the treatment of HCC. Then, molecular docking technology was used to explore the binding ability of key active ingredients and targets in GJF. Multiple external databases were used to validate the key targets. In in vitro experiments, we performed MTT assays, wound-healing assays, cell cycle assays, apoptosis assays and RT‒qPCR to verify the inhibitory effect of GJF on the Human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells. Result: A total of 162 bioactive components and 826 protein targets of GJF were screened, and 611 potential targets of HCC were identified. Finally, 63 possible targets of GJF acting on HCC were obtained. KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the top five pathways were the cell cycle, cellular senescence, p53 signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation. Among them, we verified the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CCNE1, PKN1, CCND2, CDK4, EPHA2, FGFR3, CDK6, CDK2 and HSP90AAI were enriched in the PI3K/Akt pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the docking scores of eight active components of GJF with the two targets were all less than -5.0, indicating that they had certain binding activity. In vitro cell experiments showed that GJF could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells, which may be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In summary, EPHA2 may be an important target of GJF in HCC, and pachymic acid may be an important critical active compound of GJF that exerts anticancer activity. Conclusion: In general, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the molecular mechanism of GJF in HCC may involve induction of G0/G1 phase cycle arrest through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promote apoptosis of hepatoma cell lines. This study provides a scientific basis for the subsequent clinical application of GJF and the in-depth study of its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolun Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boqing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicong Deng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Luo
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqian Ye
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongwen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiongwen Wang,
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Wang H, Sun X, Wei C, Wang J, Xu Y, Bai G, Yao Q, Zhang L. Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of pachymic acid derivatives as potential cytotoxic agents. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:342-354. [PMID: 36593868 PMCID: PMC9797892 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-03009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pachymic acid, a well-known natural lanostane-type triterpenoid, exhibits various pharmacological properties. In this study, 18 derivatives of pachymic acid were synthesized by modifying their molecular structures and evaluated for their anticancer activity against two human cancer cell lines using the CCK-8 assay. Structure-activity relationship studies according to the in vitro cytotoxicity unexpectedly found one promising derivative A17 (namely tumulosic acid, also found in Poria cocos), which had stronger anti-proliferative activity than the positive drug cisplatin against HepG2 and HSC-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 7.36 ± 0.98 and 2.50 ± 0.15 μM, respectively. Further pharmacological analysis demonstrated that A17 induced HSC-2 cell cycle arrest at the S phase, cell apoptosis, and autophagy. Western blotting confirmed the regulatory effects of A17 on cell cycle arrest-, apoptosis-, and autophagy-related proteins expression. In addition, A17 regulated the AKT and AMPK pathways in HSC-2 cells. These results demonstrated that A17 possesses great potential as an anticancer agent. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhen Wang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 563000 Zunyi, China
| | - Xun Sun
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 563000 Zunyi, China
| | - Chunyong Wei
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 563000 Zunyi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 563000 Zunyi, China
| | - Yingshu Xu
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 563000 Zunyi, China
| | - Guohui Bai
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, 563000 Zunyi, China
| | - Qizheng Yao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 563000 Zunyi, China
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Liu RH, Ma TF, Yang Q, Xiao WC, Yin L, Yin M, Zhang JS, Wang CH. Salidroside suppresses proliferation and migration in prostate cancer via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:321-332. [PMID: 37545219 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men. PCa is difficult to detect in its early stages, and most patients are diagnosed in the middle to late stages. At present, drug therapy for advanced PCa is still insufficient. Some patients develop drug resistance in the later stage of therapy, which leads to tumor recurrence, metastasis and even treatment failure. Therefore, it is crucial to find new and effective drugs to treat prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of salidroside, an active ingredient in a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on PCa. METHODS Two human PCa cell lines, PC3 and DU145, were cultured and treated with salidroside. Cell viability and proliferation ability were analyzed through CCK-8 and colony assays, and cell migration ability was detected by Transwell and Scratch assays. RT-PCR and WB were used to detected the expression levels of moleculars related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and AKT signaling pathway. Forthmore, we performed rescue experiments with agonist to verify the affected signaling pathway. RESULTS Salidroside inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of PCa cells. Meanwhile, apoptosis of PCa cells was enhanced. Moreover, salidroside inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway in PCa cells. The treatment of AKT agonist 740Y-P abrogated the inhibitory effect of salidroside on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that in PCa cells, salidroside inhibites proliferation and migration and promots apoptosis via inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Han Liu
- Department of combine traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
- Department of combine traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Teng-Fei Ma
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
- Department of combine traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Chang Xiao
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Miao Yin
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Chi-Hua Wang
- Huanggang Disease Control Center, Huanggang, Hubei, China
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6
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Jiang F, Zhu T, Yang C, Chen Y, Fu Z, Jiang L, Liu Y. Pachymic Acid Inhibits Growth and Metastatic Potential in Liver Cancer HepG2 and Huh7 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:35-41. [PMID: 36273899 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pachymic acid (PA), exacted from Polyporaceae, has been known for its biological activities including diuretic, dormitive, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties in several types of diseases. Recently, studies have demonstrated that PA could suppress cell growth and induce cell apoptosis in different kinds of cancer cells. But the underlying mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the effect of pachymic acid on liver cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms. Our results evidenced that pachymic acid effectively inhibited the cell growth and metastatic potential in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that pachymic acid triggered cell apoptosis by increasing caspase 3 and caspase 9 cleavage, upregulating Bax and cytochrome c expression, while reducing the expression of Bcl2. Besides, pachymic acid could markedly inhibit the cell invasion and migration and cell metastatic potential by mediating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and metastasis-associated genes in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. In addition, we demonstrated that FAK-Src-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) axis was involved in PA-inhibited liver cell EMT. Together, these results contribute to our deeper understanding of the anti-cancer effects of pachymic acid on liver cancer cells. This study also provided compelling evidence that PA might be a potential therapeutic agent for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University
| | - Tieming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University
| | - Chunfeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University
| | - Zhidong Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University
| | - Lihui Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University
| | - Yongzhi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University
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Hassan K, Matio Kemkuignou B, Kirchenwitz M, Wittstein K, Rascher-Albaghdadi M, Chepkirui C, Matasyoh JC, Decock C, Köster RW, Stradal TEB, Stadler M. Neurotrophic and Immunomodulatory Lanostane Triterpenoids from Wood-Inhabiting Basidiomycota. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13593. [PMID: 36362380 PMCID: PMC9657622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (ngf) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) play important roles in the central nervous system. They are potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we investigated the neurotrophic properties of triterpenes isolated from fruiting bodies of Laetiporus sulphureus and a mycelial culture of Antrodia sp. MUCL 56049. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS). The secondary metabolites were tested for neurotrophin (ngf and bdnf) expression levels on human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells. Neurite outgrowth activity using rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells was also determined. Twelve triterpenoids were isolated, of which several potently stimulated the expression of neurotrophic factors, namely, ngf (sulphurenic acid, 15α-dehydroxytrametenolic acid, fomefficinic acid D, and 16α-hydroxyeburicoic acid) and bdnf (sulphurenic acid and 15α-dehydroxytrametenolic acid), respectively. The triterpenes also potentiated ngf-induced neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report on the compound class of lanostanes in direct relation to bdnf and ngf enhancement. These compounds are widespread in medicinal mushrooms; hence, they appear promising as a starting point for the development of drugs and mycopharmaceuticals to combat neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, they do not show any pronounced cytotoxicity and may, therefore, be better suited for therapy than many other neurotrophic compounds that were previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Hassan
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco Kirchenwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wittstein
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Monique Rascher-Albaghdadi
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Clara Chepkirui
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Josphat C. Matasyoh
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro 20115, Kenya
| | - Cony Decock
- Mycothéque de l’Université Catholique de Louvain (BCCM/MUCL), Place Croix du Sud 3, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Reinhard W. Köster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia E. B. Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Zhang X. Significant Tumor Reduction With Traditional Chinese Medicine in a Patient With Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Case Report. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221130854. [PMID: 36314104 PMCID: PMC9623378 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221130854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy of the male genitourinary system. For patients with advanced progressive PC, the treatment strategies include second-line endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Such therapeutic techniques are either too expensive or too toxic for some patients, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become an alternative for its low cost and low toxicity. The application of Shi-pi-san and Gui-zhi-Fu-ling-wan in PC has never been reported. We report their application on a 71-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with PC and was undergoing endocrine therapy. He originally chose chemotherapy, and experienced acute renal failure, which required hemodialysis during hospitalization. He felt weak and opted for Chinese herbal medicine treatment. After treatment with Shi-pi-san and Gui-zhi-Fu-ling-wan, the patient's tumor and other symptoms were significantly reduced, and he reported feeling "refreshed." This case indicates that TCM treatment has unique advantages and is more tolerable than endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Considering that the patient was undergoing hemodialysis treatment and using low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to prevent blood coagulation while taking TCM, whether LMWH has a synergistic anticancer effect remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Master of Medicine, Oncology
Department, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiamen Hospital of
Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Xiamen, China
- Xiaojun Zhang, Master of Medicine, Oncology
Department, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiamen Hospital of
Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), No. 1739, Xianyue
Road, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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Park SG, Jo IJ, Park SA, Park MC, Mun YJ. Poria cocos Extract from Mushrooms Stimulates Aquaporin-3 via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1919-1931. [PMID: 36133400 PMCID: PMC9484496 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s378545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Poria cocos (PC), a fungus, has been used for more than 2000 years as a food and medicine in China. PC and its components have various pharmacological effects on the skin, including immunomodulatory activities, barrier function improvement, and anti-tumor effects. However, the effect of PC in aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression, which is essential for epidermal water permeability barrier maintenance, was not reported. Methods This study examined the mechanism through which the ethanol extract of the sclerotium of PC (EPC) promoted the expression of AQP3 in cultured human keratinocytes. Western blotting was used to investigate the expression of AQPs and the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-related signaling molecules in HaCaT cells. Cells were treated with inhibitors of PI3K/Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) prior to EPC treatment. Results EPC promoted the expression of AQP3 in HaCaT cells without affecting AQP1 and AQP2 expression. Phosphorylated Akt levels were increased by EPC treatment, and the inhibition of PI3K by LY2940002 resulted in a reduction in EPC-induced AQP3 expression. Furthermore, EPC stimulated the phosphorylation of p70S6K and AktSer473, which are downstream targets of mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively. The mTOR complex inhibitors, rapamycin and Torin 1, partially reduced EPC-induced AQP3 expression. Conclusion These results suggest that EPC increased expression of AQP3, which is important for skin moisturization, by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gu Park
- Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Il-Joo Jo
- Central Stroke Center of Korean medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seol-A Park
- Department of Beauty Design Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yeun-Ja Mun
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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10
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Yang T, Tian S, Wang Y, Ji J, Zhao J. Antitumor activity of pachymic acid in cervical cancer through inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activating the AMPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2121-2132. [PMID: 35524978 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pachymic acid has various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumor. However, the role of pachymic acid in cervical cancer remains unclear. So, we investigated the effects of pachymic acid in cervical cancer and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. We treated HeLa cells and normal cervical epithelial cells (HUCECs) with pachymic acid (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, or 160 μM) for 72 h, and found the cell activity was decreased in cells treated with 160 μM pachymic acid for 48 h or 80 μM pachymic acid for 72 h, while HUCECs viability without effect. Next, we observed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) related gene expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes, ATP depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis were increased. Moreover, we observed that cytochrome C (Cytc) expression was increased and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was decreased in the cytoplasm of pachymic acid-treated HeLa cells. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) of ER stress inhibitor reversed the effects of pachymic acid on HeLa cells. Phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) of the AMPK pathway key protein was upregulated in pachymic acid-induced HeLa cells. Finally, we subcutaneously implanted HeLa cells into female nude mice and treated them with pachymic acid (50 mg/kg) for 3 weeks (5 days/week), and observed in pachymic acid induced xenograft mice, tumor growth was suppressed, cell apoptosis, ER-related gene expression, and ROS levels in tumor tissues were increased. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that pachymic acid plays an anti-tumor activity in cervical cancer through inducing ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activating the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sijuan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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11
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Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprint and antioxidant of "San-Bai Decoction" extracts. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1208:123380. [PMID: 35908440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
"San-Bai Decoction" (SBD) has been a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for replenishing Qi and promoting blood circulation, whitening skin, and removing blemishes since ancient times. However, its chemical composition and antioxidant activity are not clear thus far, which limits the in-depth study on its pharmacodynamic material basis and efficacy. The objective of this study was to establish the fingerprint profile of SBD, assess its antioxidant activity by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and find the spectrum-effect relationship of SBD by Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS). In this study, the fingerprint of SBD was established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 20 common peaks were found, among which 6 peaks were designated. The similarities between the fingerprints of 12 batches of SBD and the reference fingerprint (R) were all greater than 0.900. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activities of all batches were concentration-dependent in their linear regression equation. The result of GRA showed that the correlation order of 20 common peaks for DPPH radical scavenging was X13 > X7 > X3 > X6 > X10 > X11 > X4 > X12 > X2 > X18 > X9 > X5 > X19 > X1 > X20 > X16 > X17 > X15 > X8 > X14. At the same time, PLS study demonstrated that the contribution of six identified characteristic peaks to DPPH radical scavenging ability was X1 = X7 > X6 > X19 > X20 > X16. In this study, the spectrum-effect relationship of SBD between its HPLC fingerprint and the antioxidant activity can be used to screen the pharmacodynamic substance basis of its antioxidant action and lay the foundation for establishing quality standards and product development.
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12
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Wei C, Wang H, Sun X, Bai Z, Wang J, Bai G, Yao Q, Xu Y, Zhang L. Pharmacological profiles and therapeutic applications of pachymic acid (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:547. [PMID: 35978941 PMCID: PMC9366251 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is a saprophytic fungus that grows in diverse species of Pinus. Its sclerotium, called fu-ling or hoelen, has been used in various traditional Chinese medicines and health foods for thousands of years, and in several modern proprietary traditional Chinese medicinal products. It has extensive clinical indications, including sedative, diuretic, and tonic effects. Pachymic acid (PA) is the main lanostane-type triterpenoid in Poria cocos. Evidence suggests that PA has various biological properties such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiviral, antibacterial, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-ischemia/reperfusion activities. Although considerable advancements have been made, some fundamental and intricate issues remain unclear, such as the underlying mechanisms of PA. The present study aimed to summarize the biological properties and therapeutic potential of PA. The biosynthetic, pharmacokinetic, and metabolic pathways of PA, and its underlying mechanisms were also comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Hezhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Zhixun Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Qizheng Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yingshu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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13
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Xu J, Shen R, Jiao Z, Chen W, Peng D, Wang L, Yu N, Peng C, Cai B, Song H, Chen F, Liu B. Current Advancements in Antitumor Properties and Mechanisms of Medicinal Components in Edible Mushrooms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132622. [PMID: 35807802 PMCID: PMC9268676 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible and medicinal fungi, a group of eukaryotic organisms with numerous varieties, including Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Grifola frondosa, have been demonstrated to possess a board range of pharmaceutical properties, including anti-virus, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. Moreover, edible and medicinal fungi have been traditionally consumed as food to provide multiple nutrients and as drugs owing to having the activities of invigorating blood circulation, reinforcing the healthy qi, clearing away heat, and eliminating stasis for thousands of years in China. Malignant tumors, well-known as the second leading cause of death globally, accounted for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Thus, in-depth exploration of strategies to prevent and treat cancer is extremely urgent. A variety of studies have reported that the main bioactive components of edible and medicinal fungi, mainly polysaccharides and triterpenoids, exhibit diverse anticancer activities via multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, reversing multidrug resistance, and regulation of immune responses, thus suggesting their substantial potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Our review summarizes the research progress on the anticancer properties of edible and medicinal fungi and the underlying molecular mechanism, which may offer a better understanding of this field. Additionally, few studies have reported the safety and efficacy of extracts from edible and medicinal fungi, which may limit their clinical application. In summary, there is a need to continue to explore the use of those extracts and to further validate their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
| | - Rui Shen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
| | - Zhuoya Jiao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (H.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (H.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (H.S.); (F.C.)
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14
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Li L, Zuo ZT, Wang YZ. The Traditional Usages, Chemical Components and Pharmacological Activities of Wolfiporia cocos: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:389-440. [PMID: 35300566 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As an endemic species,Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. is widely distributed, such as in China, Korea, Japan, and North America, which have had a dual-purpose resource for medicines and food for over 2000 years. The applications of W. cocos were used to treat diseases including edema, insomnia, spleen deficiency, and vomiting. What's more, there have been wide uses of such edible fungi as a function food or dietary supplement recently. Up until now, 166 kinds of chemical components have been isolated and identified from W. cocos including triterpenes, polysaccharides, sterols, diterpenes, and others. Modern pharmacological studies showed that the components hold a wide range of pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and antidepressant activities. In addition, present results showed that the mechanisms of pharmacological activities were closely related to chemical structures, molecular signaling paths and the expression of relate proteins for polysaccharides and triterpenes. For further in-depth studies on this fungus based on the recent research status, this review provided some perspectives and systematic summaries of W. cocos in traditional uses, chemical components, pharmacological activities, separation and analysis technologies, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Tian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
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15
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Pradhan SK, Li Y, Gantenbein AR, Angst F, Lehmann S, Shaban H. Wen Dan Tang: A Potential Jing Fang Decoction for Headache Disorders? MEDICINES 2022; 9:medicines9030022. [PMID: 35323721 PMCID: PMC8955743 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chinese herbal medicine is considered relatively safe, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Wen Dan Tang (WDT), a Jing Fang ancient classical Chinese herbal formula with a broad indication profile has been used for several centuries in China to treat various illnesses. Question: Are there evidence-based clinical trials that show that WDT has a significant impact on the treatment of various diseases, especially in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH)? Methods: This study is based on an online database search using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, AcuTrials, Embase, Semantic Scholar, Jstor, internet research, and review of ancient and modern Chinese medical textbooks regarding WDT and its compounds. Results: There were no studies on WDT in migraine and TTH; therefore, this work gathers and describes data for every single compound in the formula. Conclusion: This study suggests that the bioactive compounds found in WDT composition show potential in treating patients with neurological, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and digestive disorders. Some coherence between WDT in headache reduction and improvements in the quality of life in patients with migraines and TTH could be evaluated, showing positive results of WDT in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Pradhan
- Research Department Rehaklinik, TCM Ming Dao, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland;
- Research Department, Swiss TCM Academy, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
- Research Department, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yiming Li
- Research Department Rehaklinik, TCM Ming Dao, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland;
- Research Department, Swiss TCM Academy, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
- Research Department, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Andreas R. Gantenbein
- Neurology & Neurorehabilitation Department Rehaklinik, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland;
| | - Felix Angst
- Research Department Rehaklinik, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland; (F.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Susanne Lehmann
- Research Department Rehaklinik, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland; (F.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Hamdy Shaban
- Department of Private Psychiatry Clinic of UPK, University Psychiatric Clinics, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
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16
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Chen HY, Lei JY, Li SL, Guo LQ, Lin JF, Wu GH, Lu J, Ye ZW. Progress in biological activities and biosynthesis of edible fungi terpenoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7288-7310. [PMID: 35238261 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The edible fungi have both edible and medicinal functions, in which terpenoids are one of the most important active ingredients. Terpenoids possess a wide range of biological activities and show great potential in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. In this review, the diverse biological activities of edible fungi terpenoids were summarized with emphasis on the mechanism of anti-cancer and anti-inflammation. Subsequently, this review focuses on advances in knowledge and understanding of the biosynthesis of terpenoids in edible fungi, especially in the generation of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes. This paper is aim to provide an overview of biological functions and biosynthesis developed for utilizing the terpenoids in edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yu Lei
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Li Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hong Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Tan W, Pan T, Wang S, Li P, Men Y, Tan R, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Immunometabolism modulation, a new trick of edible and medicinal plants in cancer treatment. Food Chem 2021; 376:131860. [PMID: 34971892 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The edible and medicinal plants (EMPs) are becoming an abundant source for cancer prevention and treatment since the natural and healthy trend for modern human beings. Currently, there are more than one hundred species of EMPs widely used and listed by the national health commission of China, and most of them indicate immune or metabolic regulation potential in cancer treatment with numerous studies over the past two decades. In the present review, we focused on the metabolic influence in immunocytes and tumor microenvironment, including immune response, immunosuppressive factors and cancer cells, discussing the immunometabolic potential of EMPs in cancer treatment. There are more than five hundred references collected and analyzed through retrieving pharmacological studies deposited in PubMed by medical subject headings and the corresponding names derived from pharmacopoeia of China as a sole criterion. Finally, the immunometabolism modulation of EMPs was sketch out implying an immunometabolic control in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yongfan Men
- Research Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
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18
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Bai B, Chen Q, Jing R, He X, Wang H, Ban Y, Ye Q, Xu W, Zheng C. Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer and Natural Products as Potential Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738235. [PMID: 34630112 PMCID: PMC8495205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignant cancer in males. It involves a complex process driven by diverse molecular pathways that closely related to the survival, apoptosis, metabolic and metastatic characteristics of aggressive cancer. Prostate cancer can be categorized into androgen dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer and cure remains elusive due to the developed resistance of the disease. Natural compounds represent an extraordinary resource of structural scaffolds with high diversity that can offer promising chemical agents for making prostate cancer less devastating and curable. Herein, those natural compounds of different origins and structures with potential cytotoxicity and/or in vivo anti-tumor activities against prostate cancer are critically reviewed and summarized according to the cellular signaling pathways they interfere. Moreover, the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of many nutrients, medicinal plant extracts and Chinese medical formulations were presented, and the future prospects for the application of these compounds and extracts were discussed. Although the failure of conventional chemotherapy as well as involved serious side effects makes natural products ideal candidates for the treatment of prostate cancer, more investigations of preclinical and even clinical studies are necessary to make use of these medical substances reasonably. Therefore, the elucidation of structure-activity relationship and precise mechanism of action, identification of novel potential molecular targets, and optimization of drug combination are essential in natural medicine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Bai
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Ban
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Nie A, Chao Y, Zhang X, Jia W, Zhou Z, Zhu C. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:505249. [PMID: 33071776 PMCID: PMC7533546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.505249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is the dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb., which was the current accepted name and was formerly known as Macrohyporia cocos (Schwein.) I. Johans. & Ryvarden, Pachyma cocos (Schwein.) Fr., Poria cocos F.A. Wolf and Sclerotium cocos Schwein. It is one of the most important crude drugs in traditional Chinese medicine, with a wide range of applications in ameliorating phlegm and edema, relieving nephrosis and chronic gastritis and improving uneasiness of minds. Its extensive pharmacological effects have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no systematic review focusing on the chemical compounds and pharmacological activities of Poria cocos. Therefore, this review aimed to provide the latest information on the chemical compounds and pharmacological effects of Poria cocos, exploring the therapeutic potential of these compounds. We obtained the information of Poria cocos from electronic databases such as SCI finder, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang DATA and Google Scholar. Up to now, two main active ingredients, triterpenes and polysaccharides of Poria cocos, have been identified from Poria cocos. It has been reported that they have pharmacological effects on anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and liver and kidney protection. The review summarizes the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Poria cocos, which suggest that researchers should focus on the development of new drugs about Poria cocos to make them exert greater therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzheng Nie
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Jia
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Jiang Y, Fan L. Evaluation of anticancer activities of Poria cocos ethanol extract in breast cancer: In vivo and in vitro, identification and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112851. [PMID: 32283190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Poria cocos Wolf (P. cocos), a well-known traditional East-Asian medicinal and edible fungus, is one of the most important components in Chinese medicine formulas like "Guizhi fuling wan" to treat hyperplasia of mammary glands and breast cancer. AIMING OF STUDY In this study, we attempted to verify the anticancer efficacy of the ethanol extract of P. cocos (PC) on the breast cancer as well as to investigate its most active compound and its underlying molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The key anti-cancer components were separated and purified through chromatography and identified by spectral analyses. The in vivo anti-breast cancer efficacy and side effects of PC were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice that have been subcutaneously injected with breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of PC were evaluated in vitro by cell viability assays and flow cytometry. The protein levels were examined via western blotting. RESULTS Pachymic acid (PA), separated and identified as the most active compound, induced the significant cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231(IC50 value, 2.13 ± 0.24 μg/mL) and was not active against the normal breast epithelium cells MCF-10A. The in vivo experiment revealed that PC could significantly inhibit the tumor development and the final mean tumor weight of the mice in the PC group (0.51 ± 0.12g) was significantly lower than that in the model group (1.22 ± 0.45g). Notably, compared to the first-line anticancer drug cisplatin, PC showed less side effects on the function of the vital organs and the muscle strength of the mice. Among in vitro study, PC significantly inhibited the cell growth of MDA-MB-231 by inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of cell cycle-associated cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4 were downregulated, while p53 and p21 expression were upregulated following the PA treatment. In addition, PA downregulated the apoptotic regulator Bcl-2, increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and promoted the release of cytochrome c and the activation of cleaved caspase-3, -9 and caspase -8 via mitochondria-mediated and death receptor-mediated signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This study verified the anticancer efficacy of PC on breast cancer in vivo and in vitro through induction of cell apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The data also suggested that PA could be developed as an efficacious agent for breast cancer treatment with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Microbiological Advances in Bioactives from High Altitude. MICROBIOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS FOR HIGHER ALTITUDE AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS & SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1902-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Yao S, Li JQ, Duan ZL, Li T, Wang YZ. Fusion of Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectra Using Support Vector Machine and Random Forest Models for the Discrimination of Wild and Cultivated Mushrooms. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1692857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie-Qing Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Li Duan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Zhang Y, Zou XL, Wang YL, Gao L, Chou GX. Determining the Levels of Four Phenylethanoid Glycosides and Five Triterpene Acids in Liuwei Dihuang Capsule Using Solid Phase Extraction with HPLC-UV. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:7609438. [PMID: 31827973 PMCID: PMC6885283 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7609438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) and solid phase extraction (SPE) to determine the levels of four phenylethanoid glycosides and five triterpene acids in Liuwei Dihuang capsules (LDCs). LDCs were methanol-extracted and purified using a 500 mg/6 mL silica-based C18 SPE cartridge. Two elutions were analyzed on a ChromCore C18 column under two HPLC conditions. To improve the pretreatment clean-up, an array of silica- and polymer-based SPE cartridges were compared. Both wash and elution steps were also optimized to achieve the highest removal of impurities. Under optimal chromatographic conditions, good linearity was achieved for all compounds (correlation coefficient of r ≥ 0.999), with a quantification limit ranging from 0.0076 to 0.418 μg/mL. The method had satisfactory efficiency and reproducibility with recovery rates ranging from 91.6 to 99.3% with a relative standard deviation below 1.5%. Taken together, this demonstrated SPE as a suitable extension of HPLC-UV for the determination of phenylethanoid glycosides and triterpene acids in complex LDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Liang Zou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Li Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tonghua 134001, China
| | - Gui-Xin Chou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
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Zou YT, Long F, Wu CY, Zhou J, Zhang W, Xu JD, Zhang YQ, Li SL. A dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in Poria cocos by comparing predicted and acquired UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS data. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:292-310. [PMID: 30569602 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triterpene acids from the dried sclerotia of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (poria) were recently found to possess anti-cancer activities. Identification of more triterpene acid analogues in poria is worthwhile for high throughput screening in anti-cancer drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To establish an efficient dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in poria based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). METHODOLOGY The structural characteristics and mass spectrometric data profiles of known triterpene acids previously reported in poria were used to establish a predicted-analogue database. Then, the quasi-molecular ions of components in a poria extract were automatically compared with those in the predicted-analogue database to highlight compounds of potential interest. Tentative structural identification of the compounds of potential interest and discrimination of isomers were achieved by assessing ion fragmentation patterns and chromatographic behaviour prediction based on structure-retention relationship. RESULTS A total of 62 triterpene acids were unequivocally or tentatively characterised from poria, among which 17 triterpene acids were tentatively identified for the first time in poria. CONCLUSION This study provided more structure information of triterpene acids in poria for future high throughput screening of anti-cancer candidates. It is suggested that this semi-automated approach in which MS data are automatically compared to a predictive database may also be applicable for efficient screening of other herbal medicines for structural analogues of proven bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ting Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Analyses of the possible anti-tumor effect of yokukansan. J Nat Med 2019; 73:468-479. [PMID: 30739283 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Kampo medicine yokukansan (YKS) has a wide variety of properties such as anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and is also thought to regulate tumor suppression. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of YKS. We used Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice that were fed food pellets containing YKS and then performed a fecal microbiota analysis, a microarray analysis for microRNAs (miRNAs) and an in vitro anti-tumor assay. The fecal microbiota analysis revealed that treatment with YKS partly reversed changes in the microbiota composition due to LLC implantation. Furthermore, a miRNA array analysis using blood serum showed that treatment with YKS restored the levels of miR-133a-3p/133b-3p, miR-1a-3p and miR-342-3p following LLC implantation to normal levels. A TargetScan analysis revealed that the epidermal growth factor receptor 1 signaling pathway is one of the major target pathways for these miRNAs. Furthermore, treatment with YKS restored the levels of miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p, a recognized mediator of cancer progression and controller of emotion, in the hypothalamus of mice bearing LLC. An in vitro assay revealed that a mixture of pachymic acid, saikosaponins a and d and isoliquiritigenin, which are all contained in YKS, exerted direct and additive anti-tumor effects. The present findings constitute novel evidence that YKS may exert an anti-tumor effect by reversing changes in the fecal microbiota and miRNAs circulating in the blood serum and hypothalamus, and the compounds found in YKS could have direct and additive anti-tumor effects.
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Zhao Y, Xiu L, Li Y, Lu Y, Wang X, Wei P. Effects of Xiaotan Tongfu decoction on hepatic metastasis in obesity-associated colorectal cancer. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:915-925. [PMID: 30616417 PMCID: PMC6381456 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518813689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to assess the influence of obesity on colorectal cancer (CRC) and investigate the efficacy of Xiaotan Tongfu (XTTF) decoction to CRC treatment. Methods BALB/C mice were used to establish an obesity-associated CRC model by a high-fat diet and tumor implantation. The tumors were harvested from mice inoculated with CT26 cell suspension. Body weight, liver weight, hepatic metastasis, and histological changes were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to measure the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Results Obesity influenced the secretion of IGFs and aggravated CRC, while XTTF decoction inhibited the process of hepatic metastasis in CRC by upregulating the secretion of IGF-1/IGF-1R and downregulating the secretion of IGFBP-3. Conclusions This study provides evidence that XTTF decoction can serve as a candidate curative treatment for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Xiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Pinkang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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Kakegawa T, Yoshida LS, Takada M, Noguchi M, Yasukawa K, Takano-Ohmuro H. Comparison of the effects of pachymic acid, moronic acid and hydrocortisone on the polysome loading of RNAs in lipopolysaccharide-treated THP-1 macrophages. J Nat Med 2018; 73:190-201. [PMID: 30414015 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have proposed that analysis of ribosome-loaded mRNAs (i.e., the translatome) is useful for elucidation of pharmacological effects of phytocompounds in immune cells, regarding the involvement of post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms. In the present study, we compared the effects of pachymic acid from Poria cocos fungus and moronic acid from propolis with those of hydrocortisone on the translatomes of THP-1 macrophages exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to find clues to their biological effects. Polysome-associated RNAs collected from cells treated for 3 h with LPS plus each of the compounds were analyzed by DNA microarray followed by analyses of pathways/gene ontologies (GO). Upregulated mRNAs in enriched pathways that were found to contain AUUUA (AU)-rich motifs were checked by real-time PCR, and expression of candidate RNA-binding proteins stabilizing/destabilizing such AU-rich mRNAs was checked by Western blotting. The numbers of upregulated and downregulated genes (fold-changes ± 2.0 versus vehicle-control) were, respectively, 209 and 125 for moronic acid, 23 and 2 for pachymic acid, and 214 and 59 for hydrocortisone treatment. Overlapping with hydrocortisone treatment for upregulation were 158 genes in moronic acid and 17 in pachymic acid treatment; of these, 16 overlapped within all treatments (C-X-C motif chemokine ligands, interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats, etc.). Pathway analyses showed GO enrichments such as 'immune response', 'receptor binding', 'extracellular space' etc. The pachymic acid-upregulated mRNAs (highly overlapped with the other 2 treatments) showed the presence of signal peptides and AU-rich motifs, suggesting regulation by AU-rich element (ARE)-binding proteins. The expression of ARE-binding protein HuR/ELAV-1 was increased by the 3 compounds, and AUF1/hnRNP D was decreased by pachymic acid. These results suggested that pachymic acid and moronic acid effects may involve as yet unknown post-transcriptional modulation via ARE-binding proteins resembling that of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Kakegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, 283-8555, Japan.
| | - Lucia Satiko Yoshida
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Mariko Takada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Mari Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Yasukawa
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takano-Ohmuro
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo, 202-8585, Japan
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Qian Q, Zhou N, Qi P, Zhang Y, Mu X, Shi X, Wang Q. A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of eight triterpene compounds from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf extract in rat plasma: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:34-44. [PMID: 30366210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Poria cum Radix Pini (PRP), White Poria (WP), Rubra Poria (RP), and Poriae Cutis (PC), different parts of the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PCW), have possessed various pharmacological effects and clinical application. In the present study, a novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight triterpene compounds in rat plasma and then was applied in the comparison of pharmacokinetic characteristics of PRP, WP, RP, and PC extracts. Chromatographic separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of aqueous solution (containing 0.5‰ formic acid and 0.5 mmol/L ammonium acetate) and acetonitrile in gradient elution. Mass spectrometric of the analytes and internal standard (IS) were conducted in negative electrospray ionization with high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRMHR) mode. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for the eight analytes were in the range of 2.00-20.16 ng/mL. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.993). The inter- and intra-batch precision and accuracy for the eight triterpene compounds were acceptable. The results indicated that the eight triterpene compounds displayed different pharmacokinetic characteristics in PRP, WP, RP, and PC, and that poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, pachymic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, dehydrotumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C and dehydropachymic acid may be the major bioactive compounds of PCW contributing to the diuretic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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Chang HY, Hsueh TY, Tsai TH. Monitoring of polyphenol mangiferin by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in rat and its comparative pharmacokinetic study of a single compound, a single botanic extract and multiple botanic extract. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Thomas Y. Hsueh
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Urology; Department of Surgery; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National United University; Miaoli Taiwan
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Lee S, Lee S, Roh HS, Song SS, Ryoo R, Pang C, Baek KH, Kim KH. Cytotoxic Constituents from the Sclerotia of Poria cocos against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Inducing Mitochondrial Apoptosis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090116. [PMID: 30149516 PMCID: PMC6162800 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed the antitumor potential of Poria cocos Wolf against a broad spectrum of cancers. However, the biological activity of P. cocos against lung cancer, which is known as the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and its underlying chemical and molecular basis, remain to be investigated. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of P. cocos toward human lung adenocarcinoma cells with different p53 statuses, to identify the bioactive constituents of P. cocos, and explicate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of these constituents in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. An EtOH extract of the sclerotia of P. cocos exhibited cytotoxicity toward four human lung cancer cell lines: A549, H1264, H1299, and Calu-6, regardless of their p53 status. Chemical investigation of the extract resulted in the isolation of two triterpenoids, dehydroeburicoic acid monoacetate (1) and acetyl eburicoic acid (4); a sterol, 9,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide (2); and a diterpenoid, dehydroabietic acid (3). All of the isolated compounds were cytotoxic to the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, exhibiting IC50 values ranging from 63.6 μM to 171.0 μM at 48 h of treatment. The cytotoxicity of the extract and the isolated compounds were found to be mediated by apoptosis, and accompanied by elevated Bax expression and/or Bcl-2 phosphorylation along with caspase-3 activation. Our data demonstrate that the sclerotium of P. cocos and its four bioactive constituents (1⁻4) exert cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma cells, regardless of their p53 status, by inducing apoptosis associated with mitochondrial perturbation, and proposing the potential to employ P. cocos in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Seul Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Roh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Seong-Soo Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Rhim Ryoo
- Special Forest Products Division, Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea.
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Kwan-Hyuck Baek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Sun KX, Xia HW. Pachymic acid inhibits growth and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2517-2524. [PMID: 30013646 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the anticancer effect of pachymic acid (PA) in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Cell Count kit-8 assay was performed to examine the effect of PA on the cell proliferation of SGC-7901 cells. Cell cycle, cell apoptosis, mitochondria membrane potential (Dψm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis were assessed by flow cytometry, respectively. DNA fragmentation assay was performed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Western blotting was performed to detect the effect of various concentrations of PA on the levels of BCL2 associated X protein (Bax) expression as well as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome C (cyt-c) and caspase-3 in SGC-7901 cells. It was demonstrated that PA was able to significantly inhibit the viability and induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The apoptotic rate and ROS generation were markedly increased, while Dψm was decreased following the treatment of SGC-7901 cells with various concentrations of PA. Moreover, the expression of Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3 were markedly increased and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was significantly inactivated and BCL-2 expression was decreased following PA treatment in SGC-7901 cells. Notably, JAK2 inhibitor (AG490) mimics the effects of PA on the viability and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. Further in vivo study indicated that treatment with PA significantly inhibited the growth of tumor in nude mice that were transplanted with SGC-7901 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These results may advance the current understanding of the anticancer mechanisms of PA in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Xue Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Gong Li Hospital of Shanghai Pu Dong New District, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China.,Department of Ultrasound, Gong Li Hospital of Shanghai Pu Dong New District, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Gong Li Hospital of Shanghai Pu Dong New District, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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Lu C, Cai D, Ma J. Pachymic Acid Sensitizes Gastric Cancer Cells to Radiation Therapy by Upregulating Bax through Hypoxia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:875-890. [PMID: 29737213 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that pachymic acid (PA) inhibited tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC) cells. However, the exact mechanism underlying the radiation response of GC was still elusive. To evaluate the effects of PA treatment on radiation response of GC cell lines both in vitro and in vivo, a colony formation assay and xenograft mouse model were employed. Changes in Bax and HIF1[Formula: see text] expressions were assessed in GC cells following PA treatment. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immune-precipitation assays were carried out to investigate the regulation of Bax through HIF1[Formula: see text]. Stable HIF1[Formula: see text] knockdown was introduced into GC cells to further study the mechanism underlying PA-enhanced response to radiation both in vitro and in vivo. PA greatly enhanced the sensitivity of GC cells to radiation in vitro and in vivo, upregulated Bax expression and inhibited hypoxia. Bax expression was under hypoxia inhibition, and PA increased Bax expression through repressing HIF1[Formula: see text]. Stable HIF1[Formula: see text] overexpression in GC cells abolished the sensitizing effect of PA on GC cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo. PA functions as a radiation sensitizing compound in GC. PA treatment induces the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax by inhibiting hypoxia/HIF1[Formula: see text], supporting the therapeutic potential of PA in radiation therapy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Lu
- * Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dingfang Cai
- * Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- * Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Oh J, Yoon DH, Han JG, Choi HK, Sung GH. 1H NMR based metabolite profiling for optimizing the ethanol extraction of Wolfiporia cocos. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1128-1134. [PMID: 30174512 PMCID: PMC6117373 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profiling of Wolfiporia cocos (family: Polyporaceae) had been much advancement in recent days, and its analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become well established. However, the highly important trait of W. cocos still needs advanced protocols despite some standardization. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used as the multivariate statistical analysis of the 1H NMR data set. The PLS-DA model was validated, and the key metabolites contributing to the separation in the score plots of different ethanol W. cocos extract. 1H NMR spectroscopy of W. cocos identified 33 chemically diverse metabolites in D2O, consisting of 13 amino acids, 11 organic acids 2 sugars, 3 sugar alcohols, 1 nucleoside, and 3 others. Among these metabolites, the levels of tyrosine, proline, methionine, sarcosine, choline, acetoacetate, citrate, 4-aminobutyrate, aspartate, maltose, malate, lysine, xylitol, lactate threonine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, uridine, guanidoacetate, arabitol, mannitol, glucose, and betaine were increased in the 95% ethanol extraction sample compared with the levels in other samples, whereas level of acetate, phenylalanine, alanine, succinate, and fumarate were significantly increased in the 0% ethanol extraction sample. A biological triterpenoid, namely pachymic acid, was detected from different ethanol P. cocos extract using 1H-NMR spectra were found in CDCl3. This is the first report to perform the metabolomics profiling of different ethanol W. cocos extract. These researches suggest that W. cocos can be used to obtain substantial amounts of bioactive ingredients for use as potential pharmacological and nutraceuticals agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsang Oh
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hyo Yoon
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Han
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors at: Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea (G.-H. Sung); College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea (H.-K. Choi)
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors at: Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea (G.-H. Sung); College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea (H.-K. Choi)
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Zhu L, Xu J, Zhang S, Wang R, Huang Q, Chen H, Dong X, Zhao Z. Qualitatively and quantitatively comparing secondary metabolites in three medicinal parts derived from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based chemical profiling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:278-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Pachymic acid inhibits the tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cells by the mitochondrial pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:170-179. [PMID: 27792037 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pachymic acid (PA), a lanostane-type triterpenoid derived from traditional Chinese herbals, has been reported to have antitumor activity in versatile cancer cells. However, the antitumor effect of PA in gastric cancer (GC) cells remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the efficacy and mechanisms of PA in GC. The antiproliferative effect of PA was assessed by a growth assay and a colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in cell cycle distribution. Apoptosis was assessed by an annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining assay. The expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins were measured by western blot. The mitochondrial capacity was observed by immunostaining of Mito Tracker Red and mitochondrial function protein MT. Xenograft models of GC were constructed by a subcutaneous injection of SGC-7901 and MKN-49P cells pretreated with PA. PA could potently inhibit GC cell growth and colony formation. PA significantly induced G1, G2/M, and inhibited G0 phase arrest in GC cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN-49P. PA induced cell apoptosis by regulating the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, PARP, Bcl-2, and Bax) and suppressing the mitochondrial capacity of GC cell lines in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PA suppressed the tumor growth of xenograft models of GC and prolonged the survival of animals markedly. In brief, the present study shows that PA induces apoptosis through inhibition of mitochondrial capacity in human GC cells. Our findings suggest that PA may have therapeutic potential in GC.
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The anti-tumor effect of pachymic acid on osteosarcoma cells by inducing PTEN and Caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis. J Nat Med 2017; 72:57-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang YH, Zhang Y, Li XY, Feng XD, Jian W, Li RQ. Antitumor activity of the pachymic acid in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:245-251. [PMID: 28414554 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1296522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Qing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
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Li Y, Zhang J, Li T, Liu H, Wang Y. A Comprehensive and Comparative Study of Wolfiporia extensa Cultivation Regions by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168998. [PMID: 28036354 PMCID: PMC5201297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, Wolfiporia extensa as a popular raw material in food and medicine industry has received increasing interests. Due to supply shortage, this species of edible and medicinal mushroom has been cultivated in some provinces of China. In the present study, cultivated W. extensa collected from six regions in Yunnan Province of China were analyzed by an integrated method based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) coupled with multivariate analysis including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) in order to investigate the differences and similarities in different origins and parts. In the tested mushroom samples, characteristic FT-IR spectra were obtained for acquiring comprehensive fuzz chemical information and pachymic acid was determinated as a biomarker in the meantime. From the results, the comparison of samples was achieved successfully according to their geographical regions and different parts. All the samples displayed regional dependence and the inner parts showed better quality consistency. In addition, the chemical constituents of cultivated W. extensa could be also affected by the cultivation methods. Meanwhile, there was an interesting finding that the soil properties of cultivation regions may have a relationship with the chemical constituents of the epidermis of soil-cultured W. extensa, rather than the inner parts. Collectively, it demonstrated that the present study could provide comprehensive chemical evidence for the critical complement of quality evaluation on the cultivated W. extensa. Moreover, it may be available for the further researches of complicated mushrooms in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Honggao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Lai KH, Lu MC, Du YC, El-Shazly M, Wu TY, Hsu YM, Henz A, Yang JC, Backlund A, Chang FR, Wu YC. Cytotoxic Lanostanoids from Poria cocos. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2805-2813. [PMID: 27808511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Six new and 16 known lanostanoids were isolated from the sclerotia of Poria cocos. The structures of the new isolates were elucidated to be 16α-hydroxy-3-oxo-24-methyllanosta-5,7,9(11),24(31)-tetraen-21-oic acid (1), 3β,16α,29-trihydroxy-24-methyllanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (2), 3β,16α,30-trihydroxy-24-methyllanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (3), 3β-acetoxy-16α,24β-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),25-trien-21-oic acid (4), 3β,16α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-24-methyllanosta-8,24(31)-dien-21-oic acid (5), and 3α,16α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-24-methyllanosta-8,24(31)-dien-21-oic acid (6), based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined using Mosher's method. The antiproliferative activity of the isolated compounds (except 3 and 4) was evaluated against four leukemic cell lines (Molt 4, CCRF-CEM, HL 60, and K562). Dehydropachymic acid (9), dehydroeburicoic acid (12), pachymic acid (14), and lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid (20) exhibited an antiproliferative effect on the CCRF-CEM cancer cell line with IC50 values of 2.7, 6.3, 4.9, and 13.1 μM, respectively. Both dehydropachymic acid (9) and dehydroeburicoic acid (12) showed antiproliferative effects against Molt 4 (IC50 13.8 and 14.3 μM) and HL 60 (IC50 7.3 and 6.0 μM) leukemic cell lines. Primary computational analysis using a chemical global positioning system for natural products (ChemGPS-NP) on the active lanostanoids from P. cocos suggested that targets other than topoisomerases may be involved in the antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mei-Chin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University , Pingtung 944, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium , Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University , Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Astrid Henz
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Anders Backlund
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Li Y, Zhang J, Jin H, Liu H, Wang Y. Ultraviolet spectroscopy combined with ultra-fast liquid chromatography and multivariate statistical analysis for quality assessment of wild Wolfiporia extensa from different geographical origins. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 165:61-68. [PMID: 27111154 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A quality assessment system comprised of a tandem technique of ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) aided by multivariate analysis was presented for the determination of geographic origin of Wolfiporia extensa collected from five regions in Yunnan Province of China. Characteristic UV spectroscopic fingerprints of samples were determined based on its methanol extract. UFLC was applied for the determination of pachymic acid (a biomarker) presented in individual test samples. The spectrum data matrix and the content of pachymic acid were integrated and analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results showed that chemical properties of samples were clearly dominated by the epidermis and inner part as well as geographical origins. The relationships among samples obtained from these five regions have been also presented. Moreover, an interesting finding implied that geographical origins had much greater influence on the chemical properties of epidermis compared with that of the inner part. This study demonstrated that a rapid tool for accurate discrimination of W. extensa by UV spectroscopy and UFLC could be available for quality control of complicated medicinal mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, PR China; Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, PR China; Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, PR China
| | - Hang Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, PR China; Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, PR China
| | - Honggao Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, PR China; Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming 650200, PR China.
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Zhao Y, Wang N, Pang SF, Zhang YH. In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation on the hydration process of Poria cocos. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 164:61-66. [PMID: 27082652 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Poria cocos, triterpene compound and polysaccharides are the main compositions. The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. The gained IR spectra are measured and analyzed in detail. Because of strong overlaps between some bands, the differential spectra and band decompositions have been applied to analyze the structural change. IR spectra show the transformation of hydrogen bonds with the RH. The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Pang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Su K, Wang CF, Zhang Y, Cai YJ, Zhang YY, Zhao Q. The inhibitory effects of carnosic acid on cervical cancer cells growth by promoting apoptosis via ROS-regulated signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:180-91. [PMID: 27470354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer has been the fourth most common cancer killing many women across the world. Carnosic acid (CA), as a phenolic diterpene, has been suggested to against cancer, exerting protective effects associated with inflammatory cytokines. It is aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic role of carnosic acid against cervical cancer and indicate its underlying molecular mechanisms. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was performed to assess the possible anti-proliferative effects of carnosic acid. And also, colony formation was used to further estimate carnosic acid's ability in suppressing cervical cancer cells proliferation. Flow cytometry assays were performed here to indicate the alterations of cervical cancer cells cycle and the development of apoptosis. Western blot assays and RT-PCR were also applied to clarify the apoptosis-associated signaling pathways affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. And immunofluorescence was used to detect ROS-positive cells. In vivo experiments, CaSki xenograft model samples of nude mice were involved to further elucidate the effects of carnosic acid. In our results, we found that carnosic acid exerted anti-tumor ability in vitro supported by up-regulation of apoptosis and ROS production in cervical cancer cells. Also, acceleration of ROS led to the phospharylation of (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and its-related signals, as well as activation of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, promoting the progression of apoptosis via stimulating Caspase3 expression. The development and growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice were found to be inhibited by the administration of carnosic acid for five weeks. And the suppressed role of carnosic acid in proliferation of cervical cancer cells and apoptosis of nude mice with tumor tissues were observed in our study. Taken together, our data indicated that carnosic acid resulted in apoptosis both in vitro and vivo experiments via promoting ROS and activating JNK signaling pathways in human cervical cancer cells, which supplied a potential therapy for the application of carnosic acid in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Su
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Chun-Fang Wang
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Cai
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan 450052, PR China.
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An ethanol extract of Poria cocos inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via the mitochondria-mediated caspase activation pathway. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Zhang X, Xu ZC, Xu J, Ji AJ, Luo HM, Song JY, Sun C, Hu YL, Chen SL. Selection and validation of reference genes for normalization of quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis in Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fuling). Chin Med 2016; 11:8. [PMID: 26937250 PMCID: PMC4774131 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) requires a stable internal control to avoid misinterpretation of data or errors for gene expression normalization. However, there are still no validated reference genes for stable internal control in Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fuling). This study aims to validate the reference genes of P. cocos. Methods This study firstly collected the 14 candidate reference genes by BLASTP from the genome of P. cocos for qRT-PCR analysis to determine the expression levels of 14 housekeeping genes (GAPDH, MAPK, β-Act, RPB2, RPB1-1, RPB1-2, his3-1, his3-2, APT, SAMDC, RP, β-Tub, EIF, and CYP) under different temperatures and in response to different plant hormones (indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellic acid), and the threshold cycle (Ct) values. The results were analyzed by four programs (i.e., geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder) for evaluating the candidate reference genes. Results SAMDC, his3-2, RP, RPB2, and his3-1 were recommended as reference genes for treating P. cocos with indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellic acid, respectively. Under different temperatures RPB2 was the most stable reference gene. CYP was the most stable gene for all 90 samples by RefFinder. Conclusion SAMDC, his3-2, RP, RPB2, and his3-1 were evaluated to be suitable reference genes for P. cocos following different treatments. RPB2 was the most stable reference gene under different temperatures and CYP was the most stable gene in the mycelia under all six evaluated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhi-Chao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Ai-Jia Ji
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hong-Mei Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jing-Yuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China ; Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, 408435 China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yuan-Lei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Shi-Lin Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China ; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
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Wu LF, Wang KF, Mao X, Liang WY, Chen WJ, Li S, Qi Q, Cui YP, Zhang LZ. Screening and Analysis of the Potential Bioactive Components of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf by HPLC and HPLC-MS(n) with the Aid of Chemometrics. Molecules 2016; 21:E227. [PMID: 26901179 PMCID: PMC6274397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a new method based on Similarity Analysis (SA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the quality of different samples of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf obtained from Yunnan, Hubei, Guizhou, Fujian, Henan, Guangxi, Anhui and Sichuan in China. For this purpose 15 samples from the different habitats were analyzed by HPLC-PAD and HPLC-MS(n). Twenty-three compounds were detected by HPLC-MS(n), of which twenty compounds were tentatively identified by comparing their retention times and mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds and reviewing the literature. The characteristic fragmentations were summarized. 3-epi-Dehydrotumulosic acid (F13), 3-oxo-16α,25-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (F4), 3-oxo-6,16α-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (F7) and dehydropachymic acid (F15) were deemed to be suitable marker compounds to distinguish between samples of different quality according to CA and PCA. This study provides helpful chemical information for further anti-tumor activity and active mechanism research on P. cocos. The results proved that fingerprint combined with a chemometric approach is a simple, rapid and effective method for the quality discrimination of P. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Kun-Feng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xin Mao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Wen-Yi Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Shi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lan-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Zeng H, Liu Q, Yu J, Jiang X, Wu Z, Wang M, Chen M, Chen X. One-step separation of nine structural analogues from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. via tandem high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1004:10-6. [PMID: 26435185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel one-step separation strategy-tandem high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed with a six-port valve serving as the switch interface. Nine structural analogues including three isomers were successfully isolated from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. by one step. Compared with conventional HSCCC, peak resolution of target compounds was effectively improved in tandem one. Purities of isolated compounds were all over 90% as determined by HPLC. Their structures were then identified via UV, MS and (1)H NMR, and eventually assigned as poricoic acid B (1), poricoic acid A (2), 3β,16α-dihydroxylanosta-7, 9(11), 24-trien-21-oic acid (3), dehydrotumulosic acid (4), polyporenic acid C (5), 3-epi-dehydrotumulosic acid (6), 3-o-acetyl-16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid (7), dehydropachymic acid (8) and dehydrotrametenolic acid (9) respectively. The results indicated that tandem HSCCC can effectively improve peak resolution of target compounds, and can be a good candidate for HSCCC separation of structural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; China Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jingang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhiliang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Resource-conserving & Environment-friendly Society and Ecological Civilization, Changsha 410083, China.
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Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis by an ethanol extract of Poria cocos Wolf. in human leukemia U937 cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2533-40. [PMID: 26353048 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos Wolf., which belongs to the Polyporaceae family, has been widely used as an Oriental traditional herbal medicine for centuries. Its sclerotium has been reported to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including free-radical scavenging, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by P. cocos in human cancer cells are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic potential of an ethanol extract of P. cocos sclerotium (EEPC) in human leukemia U937 cells in vitro. We found that EEPC induced anti-proliferative effects in U937 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was due to apoptotic induction, as evident from morphological changes and flow cytometric assays. EEPC-induced apoptosis of U937 cells was associated with an increase in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and a decrease in the expression of an inhibitor of the apoptosis family of proteins. The events were accompanied by activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, suggesting the involvement of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic cascades. In addition, the overexpression of Bcl-2 caused a significant attenuation of EEPC-induced caspase activation, degradation of PARP, and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby reversed EEPC-induced cell apoptosis and growth inhibition. Collectively, these data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying EEPC-induced apoptosis in U937 cells, suggesting that EEPC may be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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Shah FK, Na SS, Chong MS, Woo JH, Kwon YO, Lee MK, Oh KW. Poria cocos ethanol extract and its active constituent, pachymic acid, modulate sleep architectures via activation of GABAA-ergic transmission in rats. J Biomed Res 2015. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2015.16.3.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pachymic acid induces apoptosis via activating ROS-dependent JNK and ER stress pathways in lung cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:78. [PMID: 26244039 PMCID: PMC4524283 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pachymic acid (PA), a lanostane-type triterpenoid from Poria cocos, has been reported to possess anti-emetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Nonetheless, the anti-tumor effect of PA in lung cancer cells remains unclear. Herein, we report the chemotherapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of PA against human lung cancer. METHODS The anti-proliferative ability of PA on lung cancer cells was assessed by MTT, colony formation and EdU proliferation assays. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect cell cycle changes. Apoptosis was determined by annexin V/PI double-staining and the DNA ladder formation assays. The expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins were analysed by western blot. The in vivo efficacy of PA was measured using a NCI-H23 xenograft model in nude mice. RESULTS PA exhibited anti-tumor effects in vitro accompanied by induction of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in NCI-H23 and NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, our data showed that PA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in the activation of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress apoptotic pathways in lung cancer cells. Moreover, blockage of ROS production reversed PA-induced JNK and ER stress activation. Finally, PA inhibited the growth of NCI-H23 xenograft tumors without causing any host toxicity, and inhibited cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis of tumor cells in tumor xenograft tissues. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study demonstrates that PA induces apoptosis through activation of the JNK and ER stress pathways in human lung cancer cells. Our findings provide a rationale for the potential application of PA in lung cancer therapy.
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Pachymic Acid Induces Apoptosis of EJ Bladder Cancer Cells by DR5 Up-Regulation, ROS Generation, Modulation of Bcl-2 and IAP Family Members. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1516-24. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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