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Harley J, Santosa MM, Ng CY, Grinchuk OV, Hor JH, Liang Y, Lim VJ, Tee WW, Ong DST, Ng SY. Telomere shortening induces aging-associated phenotypes in hiPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes. Biogerontology 2024; 25:341-360. [PMID: 37987889 PMCID: PMC10998800 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Telomere shortening is a well-established hallmark of cellular aging. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays a crucial role in maintaining the length of telomeres, which are specialised protective caps at the end of chromosomes. The lack of in vitro aging models, particularly for the central nervous system (CNS), has impeded progress in understanding aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of inducing aging-associated features in cell types of the CNS using hiPSC (human induced pluripotent stem cell) technology. To achieve this, we utilised CRISPR/Cas9 to generate hiPSCs with a loss of telomerase function and shortened telomeres. Through directed differentiation, we generated motor neurons and astrocytes to investigate whether telomere shortening could lead to age-associated phenotypes. Our findings revealed that shortened telomeres induced age-associated characteristics in both motor neurons and astrocytes including increased cellular senescence, heightened inflammation, and elevated DNA damage. We also observed cell-type specific age-related morphology changes. Additionally, our study highlighted the fundamental role of TERT and telomere shortening in neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation. This study serves as a proof of concept that telomere shortening can effectively induce aging-associated phenotypes, thereby providing a valuable tool to investigate age-related decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Munirah Mohamad Santosa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Chong Yi Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Oleg V Grinchuk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hui Hor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yajing Liang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Valerie Jingwen Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wee Wei Tee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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2
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Ayala-Zambrano C, Yuste M, Frias S, Garcia-de-Teresa B, Mendoza L, Azpeitia E, Rodríguez A, Torres L. A Boolean network model of the double-strand break repair pathway choice. J Theor Biol 2023; 573:111608. [PMID: 37595867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Double strand break (DSB) repair is critical to maintaining the integrity of the genome. DSB repair deficiency underlies multiple pathologies, including cancer, chromosome instability syndromes, and, potentially, neurodevelopmental defects. DSB repair is mainly handled by two pathways: highly accurate homologous recombination (HR), which requires a sister chromatid for template-based repair, limited to S/G2 phases of the cell cycle, and canonical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), available throughout the cell cycle in which minimum homology is sufficient for highly efficient yet error-prone repair. Some circumstances, such as cancer, require alternative highly mutagenic DSB repair pathways like microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) and single-strand annealing (SSA), which are triggered to attend to DNA damage. These non-canonical repair alternatives are emerging as prominent drivers of resistance in drug-based tumor therapies. Multiple DSB repair options require tight inter-pathway regulation to prevent unscheduled activities. In addition to this complexity, epigenetic modifications of the histones surrounding the DSB region are emerging as critical regulators of the DSB repair pathway choice. Modeling approaches to understanding DSBs repair pathway choice are advantageous to perform simulations and generate predictions on previously uncharacterized aspects of DSBs response. In this work, we present a Boolean network model of the DSB repair pathway choice that incorporates the knowledge, into a dynamic system, of the inter-pathways regulation involved in DSB repair, i.e., HR, c-NHEJ, SSA, and MMEJ. Our model recapitulates the well-characterized HR activity observed in wild-type cells in response to DSBs. It also recovers clinically relevant behaviors of BRCA1/FANCS mutants, and their corresponding drug resistance mechanisms ascribed to DNA repair gain-of-function pathogenic variants. Since epigenetic modifiers are dynamic and possible druggable targets, we incorporated them into our model to better characterize their involvement in DSB repair. Our model predicted that loss of the TIP60 complex and its corresponding histone acetylation activity leads to activation of SSA in response to DSBs. Our experimental validation showed that TIP60 effectively prevents activation of RAD52, a key SSA executor, and confirms the suitable use of Boolean network modeling for understanding DNA DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ayala-Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Yuste
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Azpeitia
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Leda Torres
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
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Najahi H, Alessio N, Squillaro T, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Di Bernardo G, Galderisi U, Messaoudi I, Minucci S, Banni M. Environmental microplastics (EMPs) exposure alter the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114088. [PMID: 35973457 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to environmental microplastic (MPs) that can be frequent in surrounding environment. The mesenchymal stromal cells are a heterogeneous population, which contain fibroblasts and stromal cells, progenitor cells and stem cells. They are part of the stromal component of most tissue and organs in our organisms. Any injury to their functions may impair tissue renewal and homeostasis. We evaluated the effects of different size MPs that could be present in water bottles on human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) and adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs). MPs of polyethylene terephthalate (MPs-PET) (<1 μm and <2.6 μm) were tested in this study. PET treatments induced a reduction in proliferating cells (around 30%) associated either with the onset of senescence or increase in apoptosis. The AMSCs and BMMSCs exposed to PET showed an alteration of differentiation potential. AMSCs remained in an early stage of adipocyte differentiation as shown by high levels of mRNA for Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) (7.51 vs 1.00) and reduction in Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) mRNA levels (0.5 vs 1.0). A loss of differentiation capacity was also observed for the osteocyte phenotype in BMMSCs. In particular, we observed a reduction in Bone Gamma-Carboxy glutamate Protein (BGLAP) (0.4 for PET1 and 0.6 for PET2.6 vs 0.1 CTRL) and reduction in Osteopontin (SPP1) (0.3 for PET 1 and 0.64 for PET 2.6 vs 0.1 CTRL). This pioneering mesenchymal cell response study demonstrated that environmental microplastic could be bioavailable for cell uptake and may further lead to irreversible diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Najahi
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, Sousse University, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" Campania University, 81038, Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" Campania University, 81038, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G. F. Ingrassia, Catania University, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G. F. Ingrassia, Catania University, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" Campania University, 81038, Napoli, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" Campania University, 81038, Napoli, Italy
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Sergio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" Campania University, 81038, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, Sousse University, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Tunisia.
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Das A, Roy S, Upadhyaya G, Agarwal T, Ray S. NBS1 protein from Physcomitrium patens confers protection against oxidative damage by limiting the accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 180:81-90. [PMID: 35398654 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1) protein is a core member of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex that plays a crucial role in DNA damage sensing and repair in plants. Here we report that NBS1 from moss Physcomitrium patens reduces oxidative damage by lowering the cellular ROS in addition to its known role in oxidative DNA damage recovery. Real-time transcript analysis showed up-regulation of the PpNBS1 transcript under different stress conditions. Bacterial cells showed better cell survivability upon over-expressing PpNBS1 protein as compared to untransformed cells. Likewise, overexpression of PpNBS1 in tobacco plants provides improved protection against oxidative damage and exhibited a lesser amount of ROS upon exposure to oxidative stress. Moreover, PpNBS1 contributes to the antioxidant defense mechanism by positively regulating the expression of the antioxidant genes under stress conditions in transgenic tobacco plants. PpNBS1 expressing transgenic tobacco plants resulted in lesser membrane damage, lower lipid peroxidation level, and higher chlorophyll content under stress conditions. Taken together, we conclude in addition to its known role as DNA damage sensor, PpNBS1 also plays a definite role in oxidative stress mitigation by minimizing ROS accumulation in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Das
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Shuddhanjali Roy
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Gouranga Upadhyaya
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tanushree Agarwal
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sudipta Ray
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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Takashima K, Nakajima K, Shimizu S, Ojiro R, Tang Q, Okano H, Takahashi Y, Ozawa S, Jin M, Yoshinari T, Yoshida T, Sugita-Konishi Y, Shibutani M. Disruption of postnatal neurogenesis and adult-stage suppression of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus after developmental exposure to sterigmatocystin in rats. Toxicol Lett 2021; 349:69-83. [PMID: 34126181 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to sterigmatocystin (STC) raises concerns on developmental neurological disorders. The present study investigated the effects of maternal oral STC exposure on postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis of offspring in rats. Dams were exposed to STC (1.7, 5.0, and 15.0 ppm in diet) from gestational day 6 until day 21 post-delivery (weaning), and offspring were maintained without STC exposure until adulthood on postnatal day (PND) 77, in accordance with OECD chemical testing guideline Test No. 426. On PND 21, 15.0-ppm STC decreased type-3 neural progenitor cell numbers in the subgranular zone (SGZ) due to suppressed proliferation. Increased γ-H2AX-immunoreactive (+) cell numbers in the SGZ and Ercc1 upregulation and Brip1 downregulation in the dentate gyrus suggested induction of DNA double-strand breaks in SGZ cells. Upregulation of Apex1 and Ogg1 and downregulation of antioxidant genes downstream of NRF2-Keap1 signaling suggested induction of oxidative DNA damage. Increased p21WAF1/CIP1+ SGZ cell numbers and suppressed cholinergic signaling through CHRNB2-containing receptors in GABAergic interneurons suggested potential neurogenesis suppression mechanisms. Multiple mechanisms involving N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated glutamatergic signaling and various GABAergic interneuron subpopulations, including CHRNA7-expressing somatostatin+ interneurons activated by BDNF-TrkB signaling, may be involved in ameliorating the neurogenesis. Upregulation of Arc, Ptgs2, and genes encoding NMDA receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors suggested synaptic plasticity facilitation. On PND 77, ARC+ granule cells decreased, and Nos2 was upregulated following 15.0 ppm STC exposure, suggesting oxidative stress-mediated synaptic plasticity suppression. Inverse pattern in gene expression changes in vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms, Slc17a7 and Slc17a6, from weaning might also be responsible for the synaptic plasticity suppression. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of maternal oral STC exposure for offspring neurogenesis was determined to be 5.0 ppm, translating to 0.34-0.85 mg/kg body weight/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Takashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Saori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Ryota Ojiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Sun D, Yu M, Li Y, Xing H, Gao Y, Huang Z, Hao W, Lu K, Kong C, Shimozato O, Ozaki T, Zhu Y. Histone deacetylase 2 is involved in DNA damage-mediated cell death of human osteosarcoma cells through stimulation of the ATM/p53 pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:478-489. [PMID: 30868056 PMCID: PMC6396148 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 is a short‐lived nuclear transcription factor, which becomes stabilized and activated in response to a wide variety of cellular stresses. Around 50% of human cancer tissues carry p53 mutations, and certain p53 mutations contribute to chemoresistance. In the present study, we found that histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) acts as a co‐activator of tumor suppressor p53 and participates in the early molecular events following DNA damage. Anti‐cancer drug adriamycin (ADR) treatment induced cell death in p53‐wild‐type human osteosarcoma U2OS cells, and this was accompanied by a remarkable accumulation of p53 and γH2AX. HDAC2 gene silencing significantly decreased the sensitivity of U2OS cells to ADR and attenuated p53‐dependent DNA damage responses, such as ADR‐mediated phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and p53, as well as accumulation of γH2AX and cleaved poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase. However, HDAC2 knockdown had a marginal effect on p53‐null human lung cancer H1299 cells following ADR exposure. In contrast, forced expression of HA‐HDAC2 promoted cell death and stimulated the transcriptional activity of p53. Moreover, p53 and HDAC2 were found to co‐precipitate with ATM. Together, our present results strongly suggest that the p53–HDAC2 axis plays a vital role in the regulation of the DNA damage response and also contributes to chemosensitivity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Department of Urology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Transgenic Animal China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine Life Science Institute Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN Saga Japan
| | - Haotian Xing
- Department of Urology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Urology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Department of Urology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Wenjun Hao
- Department of Urology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Kaining Lu
- Department of Urology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Osamu Shimozato
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute Chiba Japan
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute Chiba Japan
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Urology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
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Weatherbee JL, Kraus JL, Ross AH. ER stress in temozolomide-treated glioblastomas interferes with DNA repair and induces apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43820-43834. [PMID: 27286262 PMCID: PMC5190062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly grade IV brain tumor. Radiation in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), the current chemotherapeutic for GBMs, only provides 12–14 months survival post diagnosis. Because GBMs are dependent on both activation of the DNA damage pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, we asked if a novel ER stress inducing agent, JLK1486, increases the efficacy of TMZ. We found that the combination of TMZ+JLK1486 resulted in decreased proliferation in a panel of adherent GBM cells lines and reduced secondary sphere formation in non-adherent and primary lines. Decreased proliferation correlated with increased cell death due to apoptosis. We found prolonged ER stress in TMZ+JLK1486 treated cells that resulted in sustained activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) through increased levels of BiP, ATF4, and CHOP. In addition, TMZ+JLK1486 treatment caused decreased RAD51 levels, impairing DNA damage repair. Furthermore, we found delayed time to tumor doubling in TMZ+JLK1486 treated mice. Our data shows that the addition of JLK1486 to TMZ increases the efficaciousness of the treatment by decreasing proliferation and inducing cell death. We propose increased cell death is due to two factors. One, prolonged ER stress driving the expression of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor CHOP, and, second, unresolved DNA double strand breaks, due to decreased RAD51 levels. The combination of TMZ+JLK1486 is a potential novel therapeutic combination and suggests an inverse relationship between unresolved ER stress and the DNA damage response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Weatherbee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Kraus
- Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille-Luminy (IBDML), Aix-Marseille University (AMU) and CNRS, UMR 7288, IBDML, Case 907, Marseille, France
| | - Alonzo H Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Zhou H, Kawamura K, Yanagihara H, Kobayashi J, Zhang-Akiyama QM. NBS1 is regulated by two kind of mechanisms: ATM-dependent complex formation with MRE11 and RAD50, and cell cycle-dependent degradation of protein. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:487-494. [PMID: 28369484 PMCID: PMC5570008 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), a condition similar to Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T), is a radiation-hypersensitive genetic disorder showing chromosomal instability, radio-resistant DNA synthesis, immunodeficiency, and predisposition to malignances. The product of the responsible gene, NBS1, forms a complex with MRE11 and RAD50 (MRN complex). The MRN complex is necessary for the DNA damage-induced activation of ATM. However, the regulation of MRN complex formation is still unclear. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of MRN complex formation. We used an immunoprecipitation assay to determine whether levels of the MRN complex were increased by radiation-induced DNA damage and found that the levels of these proteins and their mRNAs did not increase. ATM-dependent phosphorylation of NBS1 contributed to the DNA damage-induced MRN complex formation. However, pre-treatment of cells with an ATM-specific inhibitor did not affect homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair. G0 phase cells, decreasing NBS1 and HR activity but not NHEJ, gained HR-related chromatin association of RAD51 by overexpression of NBS1, suggesting that the amount of NBS1 may be important for repressing accidental activation of HR. These evidences suggest that NBS1 is regulated by two kind of mechanisms: complex formation dependent on ATM, and protein degradation mediated by an unknown MG132-resistant pathway. Such regulation of NBS1 may contribute to cellular responses to double-strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kasumi Kawamura
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagihara
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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9
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Kudryavtseva AV, Lipatova AV, Zaretsky AR, Moskalev AA, Fedorova MS, Rasskazova AS, Shibukhova GA, Snezhkina AV, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS. Important molecular genetic markers of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53959-53983. [PMID: 27276710 PMCID: PMC5288236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in the incidences of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. CRC is rather heterogeneous with regard to molecular genetic characteristics and pathogenic pathways. A wide spectrum of biomarkers is used for molecular subtype determination, prognosis, and estimation of sensitivity to different drugs in practice. These biomarkers can include germline and somatic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, genomic abnormalities, gene expression alterations at mRNA or protein level and changes in DNA methylation status. In the present review we discuss the most important and well-studied CRC biomarkers, and their potential clinical significance and current approaches to molecular classification of colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Lipatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew R. Zaretsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Galina A. Shibukhova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y. Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Hoa NN, Akagawa R, Yamasaki T, Hirota K, Sasa K, Natsume T, Kobayashi J, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Komatsu K, Kanemaki MT, Pommier Y, Takeda S, Sasanuma H. Relative contribution of four nucleases, CtIP, Dna2, Exo1 and Mre11, to the initial step of DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination in both the chicken DT40 and human TK6 cell lines. Genes Cells 2015; 20:1059-76. [PMID: 26525166 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is initiated by double-strand break (DSB) resection, during which DSBs are processed by nucleases to generate 3' single-strand DNA. DSB resection is initiated by CtIP and Mre11 followed by long-range resection by Dna2 and Exo1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To analyze the relative contribution of four nucleases, CtIP, Mre11, Dna2 and Exo1, to DSB resection, we disrupted genes encoding these nucleases in chicken DT40 cells. CtIP and Dna2 are required for DSB resection, whereas Exo1 is dispensable even in the absence of Dna2, which observation agrees with no developmental defect in Exo1-deficient mice. Despite the critical role of Mre11 in DSB resection in S. cerevisiae, loss of Mre11 only modestly impairs DSB resection in DT40 cells. To further test the role of CtIP and Mre11 in other species, we conditionally disrupted CtIP and MRE11 genes in the human TK6 B cell line. As with DT40 cells, CtIP contributes to DSB resection considerably more significantly than Mre11 in TK6 cells. Considering the critical role of Mre11 in HR, this study suggests that Mre11 is involved in a mechanism other than DSB resection. In summary, CtIP and Dna2 are sufficient for DSB resection to ensure efficient DSB repair by HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Hoa
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Remi Akagawa
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamasaki
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirota
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sasa
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Natsume
- Centre for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kenshi Komatsu
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Centre for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,JST, PREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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11
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Kobayashi J, Saito Y, Okui M, Miwa N, Komatsu K. Increased oxidative stress in AOA3 cells disturbs ATM-dependent DNA damage responses. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 782:42-50. [PMID: 25868131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is caused by a mutation in the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene; the condition is associated with hyper-radiosensitivity, abnormal cell-cycle checkpoints, and genomic instability. AT patients also show cerebellar ataxia, possibly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitivity in neural cells. The ATM protein is a key regulator of the DNA damage response. Recently, several AT-like disorders have been reported. The genes responsible for them are predicted to encode proteins that interact with ATM in the DNA-damage response. Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia types 1-3 (AOA1, 2, and 3) result in a neurodegenerative and cellular phenotype similar to AT; however, the basis of this phenotypic similarity is unclear. Here, we show that the cells of AOA3 patients display aberrant ATM-dependent phosphorylation and apoptosis following γ-irradiation. The ATM-dependent response to H2O2 treatment was abrogated in AOA3 cells. Furthermore, AOA3 cells had reduced ATM activity. Our results suggest that the attenuated ATM-related response is caused by an increase in endogenous ROS in AOA3 cells. Pretreatment of cells with pyocyanin, which induces endogenous ROS production, abolished the ATM-dependent response. Moreover, AOA3 cells had decreased homologous recombination (HR) activity, and pyocyanin pretreatment reduced HR activity in HeLa cells. These results indicate that excess endogenous ROS represses the ATM-dependent cellular response and HR repair in AOA3 cells. Since the ATM-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint is an important block to carcinogenesis, such inactivation of ATM may lead to tumorigenesis as well as neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Saito
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Michiyo Okui
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama 225-8503, Japan
| | - Noriko Miwa
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenshi Komatsu
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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12
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Saito Y, Zhou H, Kobayashi J. Chromatin modification and NBS1: their relationship in DNA double-strand break repair. Genes Genet Syst 2015; 90:195-208. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.15-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Saito
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University
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13
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TACC3 deregulates the DNA damage response and confers sensitivity to radiation and PARP inhibition. Oncogene 2014; 34:1667-78. [PMID: 24769898 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of the transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3), an important factor in the centrosome-microtubule system, has been linked to a variety of human cancer types. We have recently reported on the oncogenic potential of TACC3; however, the molecular mechanisms by which TACC3 mediates oncogenic function remain to be elucidated. In this study, we show that high levels of TACC3 lead to the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and disrupt the normal cellular response to DNA damage, at least in part, by negatively regulating the expression of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the subsequent DNA damage response (DDR) signaling cascade. Cells expressing high levels of TACC3 display defective checkpoints and DSB-mediated homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair systems, leading to genomic instability. Importantly, high levels of TACC3 confer cellular sensitization to radiation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Overall, our findings provide critical information regarding the mechanisms by which TACC3 contributes to genomic instability, potentially leading to cancer development, and suggest a novel prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer types expressing high levels of TACC3.
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14
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García CP, Videla Richardson GA, Romorini L, Miriuka SG, Sevlever GE, Scassa ME. Topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin, induces apoptogenic signaling in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:400-14. [PMID: 24380814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) need to maintain their genomic integrity in response to DNA damage to safeguard the integrity of the organism. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most lethal forms of DNA damage and, if not repaired correctly, they can lead to cell death, genomic instability and cancer. How human ESCs (hESCs) maintain genomic integrity in response to agents that cause DSBs is relatively unclear. In the present study we aim to determine the hESC response to the DSB inducing agent camptothecin (CPT). We find that hESCs are hypersensitive to CPT, as evidenced by high levels of apoptosis. CPT treatment leads to DNA-damage sensor kinase (ATM and DNA-PKcs) phosphorylation on serine 1981 and serine 2056, respectively. Activation of ATM and DNA-PKcs was followed by histone H2AX phosphorylation on Ser 139, a sensitive reporter of DNA damage. Nuclear accumulation and ATM-dependent phosphorylation of p53 on serine 15 were also observed. Remarkably, hESC viability was further decreased when ATM or DNA-PKcs kinase activity was impaired by the use of specific inhibitors. The hypersensitivity to CPT treatment was markedly reduced by blocking p53 translocation to mitochondria with pifithrin-μ. Importantly, programmed cell death was achieved in the absence of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, p21(Waf1), a bona fide p53 target gene. Conversely, differentiated hESCs were no longer highly sensitive to CPT. This attenuated apoptotic response was accompanied by changes in cell cycle profile and by the presence of p21(Waf1). The results presented here suggest that p53 has a key involvement in preventing the propagation of damaged hESCs when genome is threatened. As a whole, our findings support the concept that the phenomenon of apoptosis is a prominent player in normal embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Paola García
- Laboratorio de Investigación aplicada a Neurociencias-LIAN-Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia-FLENI, Ruta 9, Km 52.5, B1625XAF Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Agustín Videla Richardson
- Laboratorio de Investigación aplicada a Neurociencias-LIAN-Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia-FLENI, Ruta 9, Km 52.5, B1625XAF Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- Laboratorio de Investigación aplicada a Neurociencias-LIAN-Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia-FLENI, Ruta 9, Km 52.5, B1625XAF Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Gabriel Miriuka
- Laboratorio de Investigación aplicada a Neurociencias-LIAN-Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia-FLENI, Ruta 9, Km 52.5, B1625XAF Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Emilio Sevlever
- Laboratorio de Investigación aplicada a Neurociencias-LIAN-Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia-FLENI, Ruta 9, Km 52.5, B1625XAF Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Elida Scassa
- Laboratorio de Investigación aplicada a Neurociencias-LIAN-Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia-FLENI, Ruta 9, Km 52.5, B1625XAF Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Savic V. Do chromatin changes around a nascent double strand DNA break spread spherically into linearly non-adjacent chromatin? Front Genet 2013; 4:139. [PMID: 23882282 PMCID: PMC3715691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a lot has been done in elucidating the sequence of events that occur at the nascent double strand DNA break. Nevertheless, the overall structure formed by the DNA damage response (DDR) factors around the break site, the repair focus, remains poorly understood. Although most of the data presented so far only address events that occur in chromatin in cis around the break, there are strong indications that in mammalian systems it may also occur in trans, analogous to the recent findings showing this if budding yeast. There have been attempts to address the issue but the final proof is still missing due to lack of a proper experimental system. If found to be true, the spatial distribution of DDR factors would have a major impact on the neighboring chromatin both in cis and in trans, significantly affecting local chromatin function; gene transcription and potentially other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velibor Savic
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Brighton-Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex Brighton, UK ; Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex Brighton, UK
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16
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Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang W, Shao C, Xu P, Shi CH, Shi JG, Li YM, Fu Q, Xue W, Lei YH, Gao JY, Wang JY, Gao XP, Li JQ, Yuan JL, Zhang YT. Genistein sensitizes bladder cancer cells to HCPT treatment in vitro and in vivo via ATM/NF-κB/IKK pathway-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e50175. [PMID: 23365634 PMCID: PMC3554754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignant urological disease in China. Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, which has been utilized in chemotherapy for bladder cancer for nearly 40 years. Previous research has demonstrated that the isoflavone, genistein, can sensitize multiple cancer cell lines to HCPT treatment, such as prostate and cervical cancer. In this study, we investigated whether genistein could sensitize bladder cancer cell lines and bladder epithelial cell BDEC cells to HCPT treatment, and investigated the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Genistein could significantly and dose-dependently sensitize multiple bladder cancer cell lines and BDEC cells to HCPT-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Genistein and HCPT synergistically inhibited bladder cell growth and proliferation, and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in TCCSUP bladder cancer cell and BDEC cell. Pretreatment with genistein sensitized BDEC and bladder cancer cell lines to HCPT-induced DNA damage by the synergistic activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. Genistein significantly attenuated the ability of HCPT to induce activation of the anti-apoptotic NF-κB pathway both in vitro and in vivo in a bladder cancer xenograft model, and thus counteracted the anti-apoptotic effect of the NF-κB pathway. This study indicates that genistein could act as a promising non-toxic agent to improve efficacy of HCPT bladder cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Medical and Training Department, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chang Hong Shi
- Department of Experimental Animal, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Guo Shi
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Mei Li
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Hua Lei
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Ying Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Ping Gao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Qing Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JQL); (JLY); (YTZ)
| | - Jian Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JQL); (JLY); (YTZ)
| | - Yun Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JQL); (JLY); (YTZ)
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17
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Kobayashi J, Fujimoto H, Sato J, Hayashi I, Burma S, Matsuura S, Chen DJ, Komatsu K. Nucleolin participates in DNA double-strand break-induced damage response through MDC1-dependent pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49245. [PMID: 23145133 PMCID: PMC3492271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
H2AX is an important factor for chromatin remodeling to facilitate accumulation of DNA damage-related proteins at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. In order to further understand the role of H2AX in the DNA damage response (DDR), we attempted to identify H2AX-interacting proteins by proteomics analysis. As a result, we identified nucleolin as one of candidates. Here, we show a novel role of a major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, in DDR. Nucleolin interacted with γ-H2AX and accumulated to laser micro-irradiated DSB damage sites. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay also displayed the accumulation of nucleolin around DSB sites. Nucleolin-depleted cells exhibited repression of both ATM-dependent phosphorylation following exposure to γ-ray and subsequent cell cycle checkpoint activation. Furthermore, nucleolin-knockdown reduced HR and NHEJ activity and showed decrease in IR-induced chromatin accumulation of HR/NHEJ factors, agreeing with the delayed kinetics of γ-H2AX focus. Moreover, nucleolin-knockdown decreased MDC1-related events such as focus formation of 53 BP1, RNF168, phosphorylated ATM, and H2A ubiquitination. Nucleolin also showed FACT-like activity for DSB damage-induced histone eviction from chromatin. Taken together, nucleolin could promote both ATM-dependent cell cycle checkpoint and DSB repair by functioning in an MDC1-related pathway through its FACT-like function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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18
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Khalil HS, Tummala H, Hupp TR, Zhelev N. Pharmacological inhibition of ATM by KU55933 stimulates ATM transcription. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:622-34. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a component of a signalling mechanism that determines the process of decision-making in response to DNA damage and involves the participation of multiple proteins. ATM is activated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through the Mre11–Rad50–Nbs1 (MRN) DNA repair complex, and orchestrates signalling cascades that initiate the DNA damage response. Cells lacking ATM are hypersensitive to insults, particularly genotoxic stress, induced through radiation or radiomimetic drugs. Here, we investigate the degree of ATM activation during time-dependent treatment with genotoxic agents and the effects of ATM on phospho-induction and localization of its downstream substrates. Additionally, we have demonstrated a new cell-cycle-independent mechanism of ATM gene regulation following ATM kinase inhibition with KU5593. Inhibition of ATM activity causes induction of ATM protein followed by oscillation and this mechanism is governed at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, this autoregulatory induction of ATM is also accompanied by a transient upregulation of p53, pATR and E2F1 levels. Since ATM inhibition is believed to sensitize cancer cells to genotoxic agents, this novel insight into the mechanism of ATM regulation might be useful for designing more precise strategies for modulation of ATM activity in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal S Khalil
- School of Contemporary Sciences, University of Abertay, Kydd Building, 40 Bell street, Dundee DD1 1HG
| | - Hemanth Tummala
- School of Contemporary Sciences, University of Abertay, Kydd Building, 40 Bell street, Dundee DD1 1HG
| | - Tedd R Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Nikolai Zhelev
- School of Contemporary Sciences, University of Abertay, Kydd Building, 40 Bell street, Dundee DD1 1HG
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19
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Saha D, Watkins L, Yin Y, Thorpe P, Story MD, Song K, Raghavan P, Timmerman R, Chen B, Minna JD, Solberg TD. An orthotopic lung tumor model for image-guided microirradiation in rats. Radiat Res 2010; 174:62-71. [PMID: 20681800 DOI: 10.1667/rr2157.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a rat orthotopic lung tumor model with a solitary intrapulmonary nodule to study the effects of high-dose radiation. A549-Luc non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were implanted into nude rats in the intercostal space between ribs 5 and 6 of the right lung. Bioluminescence and microcomputed tomography (CT) imaging were performed after implantation to confirm the presence of a solitary tumor and to monitor tumor growth. A device using image guidance for localization was developed to facilitate high-precision irradiation in small animals. A pilot irradiation study was performed, and response was assessed by bioluminescence imaging and immunohistochemistry. Radiation response was confirmed through serial bioluminescence imaging, and the strength of the bioluminescence signal was observed to be inversely proportional to dose. Response was also observed by the monoclonal antibody bavituximab, which binds to exposed lipid phosphatidylserine (PS) on tumor vessels. The ability to (1) reproducibly generate solitary tumor nodules in the rat lung, (2) identify and monitor tumor growth by bioluminescence imaging and CT imaging, (3) accurately target these tumors using high doses of radiation, and (4) demonstrate and quantify radiation response using bioluminescence imaging provides significant opportunity to probe the biological mechanisms of high-dose irradiation in preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9187, USA
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20
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Kong Z, Xie D, Boike T, Raghavan P, Burma S, Chen DJ, Habib AA, Chakraborty A, Hsieh JT, Saha D. Downregulation of human DAB2IP gene expression in prostate cancer cells results in resistance to ionizing radiation. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2829-39. [PMID: 20332235 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DAB2IP (DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein) is a member of the RAS-GTPase-activating protein family. It is often downregulated in metastatic prostate cancer and has been reported as a possible prognostic marker to predict the risk of aggressive prostate cancer. In this study, we furnish several lines of evidence indicating that metastatic human prostate cancer PC3 cells deficient in DAB2IP (shDAB2IP) exhibit increased clonogenic survival in response to ionizing radiation (IR) compared with control cells expressing an endogenous level of DAB2IP (shVector). Radioresistance was also observed in normal prostate cells that are deficient in DAB2IP. This enhanced resistance to IR in DAB2IP-deficient prostate cancer cells is primarily due to faster DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair kinetics. More than 90% of DSBs were repaired in shDAB2IP cells by 8 hours after 2 Gy radiation, whereas only 60% of DSB repair were completed in shVector cells at the same time. Second, upon irradiation, DAB2IP-deficient cells enforced a robust G(2)-M cell cycle checkpoint compared with control cells. Finally, shDAB2IP cells showed resistance to IR-induced apoptosis that could result from a striking decrease in the expression levels of proapoptotic proteins caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, and significantly higher levels of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and STAT3 than those in shVector cells. In summary, DAB2IP plays a significant role in prostate cell survival following IR exposure due to enhanced DSB repair, robust G(2)-M checkpoint control, and resistance to IR-induced apoptosis. Therefore, it is important to identify patients with dysregulated DAB2IP for (a) assessing prostate cancer risk and (b) alternative treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Abstract
DNA-repair pathways recognise and repair DNA damaged by exogenous and endogenous agents to maintain genomic integrity. Defects in these pathways lead to replication errors, loss or rearrangement of genomic material and eventually cell death or carcinogenesis. The creation of diverse lymphocyte receptors to identify potential pathogens requires breaking and randomly resorting gene segments encoding antigen receptors. Subsequent repair of the gene segments utilises ubiquitous DNA-repair proteins. Individuals with defective repair pathways are found to be immunodeficient and many are radiosensitive. The role of repair proteins in the development of adaptive immunity by VDJ recombination, antibody isotype class switching and affinity maturation by somatic hypermutation has become clearer over the past few years, partly because of identification of the genes involved in human disease. We describe the mechanisms involved in the development of adaptive immunity relating to DNA repair, and the clinical consequences and treatment of the primary immunodeficiency resulting from such defects.
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Kobayashi J, Kato A, Ota Y, Ohba R, Komatsu K. Bisbenzamidine derivative, pentamidine represses DNA damage response through inhibition of histone H2A acetylation. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:34. [PMID: 20144237 PMCID: PMC2831819 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MRE11 is an important nuclease which functions in the end-resection step of homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). As MRE11-deficient ATLD cells exhibit hyper radio-sensitivity and impaired DSB repair, MRE11 inhibitors could possibly function as potent radio-sensitizers. Therefore, we investigated whether a bisbenzamidine derivative, pentamidine, which can inhibit endoexonuclease activity, might influence DSB-induced damage responses via inhibition of MRE11. Results We first clarified that pentamidine inhibited MRE11 nuclease activity and also reduced ATM kinase activity in vitro. Pentamidine increased the radio-sensitivity of HeLa cells, suggesting that this compound could possibly influence DNA damage response factors in vivo. Indeed, we found that pentamidine reduced the accumulation of γ-H2AX, NBS1 and phospho-ATM at the sites of DSBs. Furthermore, pentamidine decreased HR activity in vivo. Pentamidine was found to inhibit the acetylation of histone H2A which could contribute both to inhibition of IR-induced focus formation and HR repair. These results suggest that pentamidine might exert its effects by inhibiting histone acetyltransferases. We found that pentamidine repressed the activity of Tip60 acetyltransferase which is known to acetylate histone H2A and that knockdown of Tip60 by siRNA reduced HR activity. Conclusion These results indicate that inhibition of Tip60 as well as hMRE11 nuclease by pentamidine underlies the radiosensitizing effects of this compound making it an excellent sensitizer for radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Slatter MA, Gennery AR. Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 685:146-65. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6448-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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