1
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Binlateh T, Hutamekalin P, Yongsawatdigul J, Yamabhai M, Jitprasertwong P. Effects of collagen, chitosan and mixture on fibroblast responses and angiogenic activities in 2D and 3D in vitro models. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1642-1655. [PMID: 37222462 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidences have demonstrated the potential of collagen and chitosan on tissue repair, it remains unclear on their combination effects. Here, we examined the regenerative effects of single collagen, chitosan and their mixture on fibroblasts and endothelial cells at cellular levels. The results showed that fibroblast responses, as indicated by high proliferative rate, increased spheroid diameter and migrated area existing from spheroid edge, and decreased wound area, were significantly promoted by either collagen or chitosan stimulation. Similarly, both collagen and chitosan resulted in increased endothelial cell proliferation and migration with accelerated tube-like network formation and upregulated VE-cadherin expression, although collagen strongly provided this effect. While the 1:1 mixture (100:100 μg/mL of chitosan to collagen) treatment caused a reduction in fibroblast viability, the lower ratio of chitosan (1:10 mixture; 10:100 μg/mL) did not produce any impact on both fibroblast and endothelial cell viabilities. The 1:10 mixture also significantly enhanced the additional effects on fibroblast responses and angiogenic activities as shown by higher endothelial growth, proliferation and migration with accelerated capillary-like network formation than those treated with the single substance. Further investigation of signaling proteins found that collagen significantly increased expressions of p-Fak, p-Akt and Cdk5 whereas chitosan upregulated p-Fak and Cdk5 expressions. Comparing to the single treatments, p-Fak, p-Akt and Cdk5 were higher expressed in the 1:10 mixture. These observations indicate that proper collagen-chitosan mixture provides the combination effects on fibroblast responses and angiogenic activities when a high concentration of collagen is used, possibly through Fak/Akt and Cdk5 signaling pathways. Therefore, this study helps to define the clinical use of collagen and chitosan as promising biomaterials for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunwa Binlateh
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Pilaiwanwadee Hutamekalin
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jirawat Yongsawatdigul
- Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Montarop Yamabhai
- Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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2
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Pluta AJ, Studniarek C, Murphy S, Norbury CJ. Cyclin-dependent kinases: Masters of the eukaryotic universe. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 15:e1816. [PMID: 37718413 PMCID: PMC10909489 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A family of structurally related cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) drives many aspects of eukaryotic cell function. Much of the literature in this area has considered individual members of this family to act primarily either as regulators of the cell cycle, the context in which CDKs were first discovered, or as regulators of transcription. Until recently, CDK7 was the only clear example of a CDK that functions in both processes. However, new data points to several "cell-cycle" CDKs having important roles in transcription and some "transcriptional" CDKs having cell cycle-related targets. For example, novel functions in transcription have been demonstrated for the archetypal cell cycle regulator CDK1. The increasing evidence of the overlap between these two CDK types suggests that they might play a critical role in coordinating the two processes. Here we review the canonical functions of cell-cycle and transcriptional CDKs, and provide an update on how these kinases collaborate to perform important cellular functions. We also provide a brief overview of how dysregulation of CDKs contributes to carcinogenesis, and possible treatment avenues. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chris J. Norbury
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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3
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Hung CM, Tsai TH, Lee KT, Hsu YC. Sulforaphane-Induced Cell Mitotic Delay and Inhibited Cell Proliferation via Regulating CDK5R1 Upregulation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040996. [PMID: 37189614 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our research has revealed that sulforaphane (SFN) has chemopreventive properties and could be used in chemotherapy treatments. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms behind sulforaphane's (SFN) antitumor activity in breast adenocarcinoma, as observed in our studies. This research looked into the effects of SFN on mitosis delay and cell cycle progression in MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 cells, two types of triple-negative breast cancer adenocarcinoma.The proliferation of the cancer cells after SFN exposure was evaluated using MTT assay, DNA content and cell cycle arrest induction by flow cytometry, and expressions of cdc25c, CDK1, cyclin B1 and CDK5R1 were assessed through qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. SFN was found to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The accumulation of G2/M-phase cells in SFN-treated cells was attributed to CDK5R1. The disruption of the CDC2/cyclin B1 complex suggested that SFN may have antitumor effects on established breast adenocarcinoma cells. Our findings suggest that, in addition to its chemopreventive properties, SFN could be used as an anticancer agent for breast cancer, as it was found to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Hung
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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4
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A review on cyclin-dependent kinase 5: An emerging drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123259. [PMID: 36641018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is the serine/threonine-directed kinase mainly found in the brain and plays a significant role in developing the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that CDK5 is activated by specific cyclins regulating its expression and activity. P35 and p39 activate CDK5, and their proteolytic degradation produces p25 and p29, which are stable products involved in the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, a significant hallmark of various neurological diseases. Numerous high-affinity inhibitors of CDK5 have been designed, and some are marketed drugs. Roscovitine, like other drugs, is being used to minimize neurological symptoms. Here, we performed an extensive literature analysis to highlight the role of CDK5 in neurons, synaptic plasticity, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, etc. We have investigated the structural features of CDK5, and their binding mode with the designed inhibitors is discussed in detail to develop attractive strategies in the therapeutic targeting of CDK5 for neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides deeper mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of CDK5 inhibitors and their implications in the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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5
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provided a New Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms of Epididymis Regulating Semen Volume in Drakes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213023. [PMID: 36359147 PMCID: PMC9655896 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen volume is an important factor in artificial insemination (AI) of ducks. In drakes, seminal plasma that is produced by the epididymis determines the semen volume. However, the mechanism of epididymis regulating semen volume of drakes remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to preliminarily reveal the mechanism regulating the semen volume through comparing the epididymal histomorphology and mRNA expression profiles between drakes with high-volume semen (HVS) and low-volume semen (LVS). Phenotypically, drakes in the HVS group produced more sperm than drakes in the LVS group. In addition, compared with the HVS group, the ductal square of ductuli conjugentes (DC) and dutus epididymidis (DE) in epididymis was significantly smaller in the LVS group, and the lumenal diameter and epithelial thickness of DC/DE were significantly shorter in the LVS group. In transcriptional regulation, 72 different expression genes (DEGs) were identified from the epididymis between HVS and LVS groups. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly related to hormone secretion, neurotransmitter synthesis/transport, transmembrane signal transduction, transmembrane transporter activity, and nervous system development (p < 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with hormone and neurotransmitter transmission (p < 0.05). In addition, further analysis of the top five pathways enriched by KEGG, nine key candidate genes (including SLC18A2, SNAP25, CACNA1B, GABRG2, DRD3, CAMK2A, NR5A1, and STAR) were identified, which could play a crucial role in the formation of semen. These data provide new insights into the molecular mechanism regulating semen volume of drakes and make feasible the breeding of drakes by semen volume.
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Ao C, Li C, Chen J, Tan J, Zeng L. The role of Cdk5 in neurological disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:951202. [PMID: 35966199 PMCID: PMC9368323 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.951202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a group of disorders with motor, sensory or cognitive damage, caused by dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system. Cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (Cdk5) is of vital significance for the development of the nervous system, including the migration and differentiation of neurons, the formation of synapses, and axon regeneration. However, when the nervous system is subject to pathological stimulation, aberrant activation of Cdk5 will induce abnormal phosphorylation of a variety of substrates, resulting in a cascade signaling pathway, and thus lead to pathological changes. Cdk5 is intimately related to the pathological mechanism of a variety of neurological disorders, such as A-β protein formation in Alzheimer’s disease, mitochondrial fragmentation in cerebral ischemia, and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. It is worth noting that Cdk5 inhibitors have been reported to have neuroprotective effects by inhibiting related pathological processes. Therefore, in this review, we will briefly introduce the physiological and pathological mechanisms of Cdk5 in the nervous system, focusing on the recent advances of Cdk5 in neurological disorders and the prospect of targeted Cdk5 for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncao Ao
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Model for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liuwang Zeng
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7
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Yun J, Jin X, Sun Q, Xu L, Gao J, Wang X, Zhao S. Transcriptional Analysis of Mice Melanoma B16-F10 Cells in Response to Directed Current Electric Fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:297-308. [PMID: 35638237 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous electric field (EF) is widely observed among tissues. It is supposed to be an important environmental factor in tumor metastasis. To explore the role of endogenous EFs in tumor metastasis, the migration of mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells in directed current EFs (dcEFs) was investigated. The transcriptome of melanoma B16-F10 cells in response to EF stimulation was analyzed using RNA sequencing. The results demonstrated that the mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells migrated toward the cathode in applied dcEFs. Directional migration occurred in a voltage-dependent manner. Approximately 3000 upregulated and 2613 downregulated genes were identified under dcEF. Some genes correlated with cell migration, such as Serpine1, Ctgf, Fosb, and Fos, were upregulated. The signaling pathways involved in cell motility were significantly altered. Some genes, highly related to tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis, are upregulated in response to EF stimulation. Endogenous EFs may play a role in tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Yun
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Linfeng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Division of Life science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Sanjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
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8
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Saeed S. A Systematic Mapping Study of Tumor Cell Released by Enzymes and Toxins. CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/wpdou0f3sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Li Q, Zhou Y, He W, Ren X, Zhang M, Jiang Y, Zhou Z, Luan Y. Platelet-armored nanoplatform to harmonize janus-faced IFN-γ against tumor recurrence and metastasis. J Control Release 2021; 338:33-45. [PMID: 34391837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays contradictory roles in tumor immunology: (I) to activate positive host's immunity for eliminating tumor; (II) to induce negative adaptive immune resistance via up-regulating programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression for tumors to evade immune surveillance. The negative feedback loop between the IFN-γ recovery and the IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 up-regulation puts postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy into a dilemma. It is of great significance but challenging to manipulate the double-edge effects of IFN-γ against postoperative tumor progression. Herein, a platelet-engineered nanoplatform (PMF@DR NPs) capable of harmonizing janus-faced nature of IFN-γ was designed via uniquely co-assembling doxorubicin (Dox) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitor roscovitine (Rosco) with platelet membrane fragment (PMF) as the particulate stabilizer. With PMF@DR NPs navigated by PMF to residual tumor, the Dox-activated immune response recovered IFN-γ secretion for positive host's immunity, while the IFN-γ-induced negative adaptive immune resistance was potently overcome by Rosco via disabling PD-L1 expression without dependence of IFN-γ stimulation. The negative feedback loop between IFN-γ recovery and PD-L1 up-regulation was thus potently disrupted in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Our PMF@DR NPs not only harmonized janus-faced nature of IFN-γ to effectively regulate postoperative tumor progression, but also illustrated an innovative strategy for high-drug-loading biomimic nanoplatform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yaxin Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Weidong He
- Department of Component Blood, Blood Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mengzhu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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10
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Gao GB, Sun Y, Fang RD, Wang Y, Wang Y, He QY. Post-translational modifications of CDK5 and their biological roles in cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:22. [PMID: 35006426 PMCID: PMC8607427 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) have emerged as important regulatory mechanisms that modulate cancer development in patients. Though CDK5 is an atypical member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, its aberrant expression links to cell proliferation, DNA damage response, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis in cancer. Current studies suggested that, new PTMs on CDK5, including S-nitrosylation, sumoylation, and acetylation, serve as molecular switches to control the kinase activity of CDK5 in the cell. However, a majority of these modifications and their biological significance in cancer remain uncharacterized. In this review, we discussed the role of PTMs on CDK5-mediated signaling cascade, and their possible mechanisms of action in malignant tumors, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this field. On the basis of the newly identified regulatory signaling pathways of CDK5 related to PTMs, researchers have investigated the cancer therapeutic potential of chemical compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and competitive peptides by targeting CDK5 and its PTMs. Results of these preclinical studies demonstrated that targeting PTMs of CDK5 yields promising antitumor effects and that clinical translation of these therapeutic strategies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Bin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yue Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Run-Dong Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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11
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Etman AM, Abdel Mageed SS, Ali MA, El Hassab MAEM. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase as a Novel Therapeutic Target: An Endless Story. CURRENT CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 15:139-162. [DOI: 10.2174/2212796814999201123194016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are a family of enzymes that, along with their Cyclin
partners, play a crucial role in cell cycle regulation at many biological functions such as proliferation,
differentiation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Thus, they are tightly regulated by a number of inhibitory
and activating enzymes. Deregulation of these kinases’ activity either by amplification,
overexpression or mutation of CDKs or Cyclins leads to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells.
Hyperactivity of these kinases has been reported in a wide variety of human cancers. Hence, CDKs
have been established as one of the most attractive pharmacological targets in the development of
promising anticancer drugs. The elucidated structural features and the well-characterized molecular
mechanisms of CDKs have been the guide in designing inhibitors to these kinases. Yet, they remain
a challenging therapeutic class as they share conserved structure similarity in their active site.
Several inhibitors have been discovered from natural sources or identified through high throughput
screening and rational drug design approaches. Most of these inhibitors target the ATP binding
pocket, therefore, they suffer from a number of limitations. Here, a growing number of ATP noncompetitive
peptides and small molecules has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Etman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111,Egypt
| | - Sherif Sabry Abdel Mageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr city, Cairo, 11829,Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr city, Cairo, 11829,Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abd El Monem El Hassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr city, Cairo, 11829,Egypt
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12
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Łukasik P, Załuski M, Gutowska I. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK) and Their Role in Diseases Development-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062935. [PMID: 33805800 PMCID: PMC7998717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in many crucial processes, such as cell cycle and transcription, as well as communication, metabolism, and apoptosis. The kinases are organized in a pathway to ensure that, during cell division, each cell accurately replicates its DNA, and ensure its segregation equally between the two daughter cells. Deregulation of any of the stages of the cell cycle or transcription leads to apoptosis but, if uncorrected, can result in a series of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease), and stroke. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinases as potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łukasik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Buzzetti M, Morlando S, Solomos D, Mehmood A, Cox AWI, Chiesa M, D'Alessandra Y, Garofalo M, Topham CH, Di Leva G. Pre-therapeutic efficacy of the CDK inhibitor dinaciclib in medulloblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5374. [PMID: 33686114 PMCID: PMC7940474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common aggressive paediatric brain tumour and, despite the recent progress in the treatments of MB patients, there is still an urgent need of complementary or alternative therapeutic options for MB infants. Cyclin Dependent Kinase inhibitors (CDKi) are at the front-line of novel targeted treatments for multiple cancers and the CDK4/6 specific inhibitor palbociclib has been pre-clinically identified as an effective option for MB cells. Herein, we identified the pan-CDKi dinaciclib as a promising alternative to palbociclib for the suppression of MB cells proliferation. We present evidence supporting dinaciclib’s ability to inhibit MB cells in vitro proliferation at considerably lower doses than palbociclib. Sequencing data and pathway analysis suggested that dinaciclib is a potent cell death inducer in MB cells. We found that dinaciclib-triggered apoptosis is triggered by CDK9 inhibition and the resultant reduction in RNA pol II phosphorylation, which leads to the downregulation of the oncogenic marker MYC, and the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. Specifically, we demonstrated that MCL-1 is a key apoptotic mediator for MB cells and co-treatment of dinaciclib with BH3 mimetics boosts the therapeutic efficacy of dinaciclib. Together, these findings highlight the potential of multi-CDK inhibition by dinaciclib as an alternative option to CDK4/6 specific inhibition, frequently associated with drug resistance in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Buzzetti
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Biomedical Research Centre, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.,Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sonia Morlando
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Biomedical Research Centre, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Dimitrios Solomos
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Biomedical Research Centre, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Ammara Mehmood
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Biomedical Research Centre, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander W I Cox
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, at Manchester and University College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuri D'Alessandra
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Garofalo
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, at Manchester and University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline H Topham
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Biomedical Research Centre, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Gianpiero Di Leva
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
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14
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Elevated CDK5R1 predicts worse prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma based on TCGA data. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227408. [PMID: 33346796 PMCID: PMC7791553 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with rapid progression, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. The objective of our investigation was to explore the prognostic value of CDK5R1 in HCC. Methods: The raw data of HCC raw data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal–Wallis test and logistic regression were applied to investigate the relevance between the CDK5R1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics in HCC. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis were employed to examine the association between clinicopathologic features and survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to annotate the biological function of CDK5R1. Results: CDK5R1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues. The high expression of CDK5R1 in HCC tissues was significantly associated with tumor status (P=0.00), new tumor event (P=0.00), clinical stage (P=0.00) and topography (P=0.00). Elevated CDK5R1 had significant correlation with worse overall survival (OS; P=7.414e−04), disease-specific survival (DSS; P=5.642e−04), disease-free interval (DFI; P=1.785e−05) and progression-free interval (PFI; P=2.512e−06). Besides, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis uncovered that increased CDK5R1 can independently predict adverse OS (P=0.037, hazard ratio [HR]= 1.7 (95% CI [1.0–2.7])), DFI (P=0.007, hazard ratio [HR]= 3.0 (95% CI [1.4–6.7])), PFI (P=0.007, hazard ratio [HR]= 2.8 (95% CI [1.3–5.9])). GSEA disclosed that notch signaling pathway and non-small cell lung cancer were prominently enriched in CDK5R1 high expression phenotype. Conclusions: Increased CDK5R1 may act as a promising independent prognostic factor of poor survival in HCC.
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15
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Do PA, Lee CH. The Role of CDK5 in Tumours and Tumour Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E101. [PMID: 33396266 PMCID: PMC7795262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which belongs to the protein kinase family, regulates neuronal function but is also associated with cancer development and has been proposed as a target for cancer treatment. Indeed, CDK5 has roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune response. Aberrant CDK5 activation triggers tumour progression in numerous types of cancer. In this review, we summarise the role of CDK5 in cancer and neurons and CDK5 inhibitors. We expect that our review helps researchers to develop CDK5 inhibitors as treatments for refractory cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Phamaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team, and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang 100-715, Korea;
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16
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Deng H, Tan S, Gao X, Zou C, Xu C, Tu K, Song Q, Fan F, Huang W, Zhang Z. Cdk5 knocking out mediated by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing for PD-L1 attenuation and enhanced antitumor immunity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:358-373. [PMID: 32082979 PMCID: PMC7016277 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells with monoclonal antibody therapy has emerged as powerful weapon in cancer immunotherapy. However, only a minority of patients presented immune responses in clinical trials. To develop an alternative treatment method based on immune checkpoint blockade, we designed a novel and efficient CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system delivered by cationic copolymer aPBAE to downregulate PD-L1 expression on tumor cells via specifically knocking out Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) gene in vivo. The expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells was significantly attenuated by knocking out Cdk5, leading to effective tumor growth inhibition in murine melanoma and lung metastasis suppression in triple-negative breast cancer. Importantly, we demonstrated that aPBAE/Cas9-Cdk5 treatment elicited strong T cell-mediated immune responses in tumor microenvironment that the population of CD8+ T cells was significantly increased while regulatory T cells (Tregs) was decreased. It may be the first case to exhibit direct in vivo PD-L1 downregulation via CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology for cancer therapy. It will provide promising strategy for preclinical antitumor treatment through the combination of nanotechnology and genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Songwei Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenming Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenfeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qingle Song
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fengjuan Fan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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17
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Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition: an opportunity to target protein-protein interactions. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 121:115-141. [PMID: 32312419 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play an integral part in cellular activities. To date, most of the activities have been evaluated in the cell cycle and transcription. Several diseases are affected by abnormalities in CDKs, related-pathways, or proteins that regulate CDK activity. CDKs are primarily dependent on activation by binding other proteins, namely Cyclins. In addition, phosphorylation of key CDK residues also plays a major part in CDK activity. To date, the most successful drugs have been developed against CDK4 and CDK6 and are FDA approved for use in advanced breast cancer. However, this is likely only a small fraction of the potential for targeting CDKs as a strategy against cancer and other diseases. Based on the extensive protein-protein interactions made by CDKs with other proteins (Cyclins and others), there are numerous possibilities for targeting strategies against protein-protein interactions. Here we describe the predominant roles of CDKs in the cell, key interacting proteins, significant 3-dimensional structural characteristics, and summarize the work-to-date in inhibition of CDKs.
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18
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Roa Linares VC, Gallego Gómez JC. La pérdida de función de la quinasa dependiente de ciclina 5 (CDK5) altera el citoesqueleto y reduce la infección in vitro por el virus del dengue 2. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n3.79347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
La quinasa dependiente de ciclina 5 (CDK5) regula diversas funciones en neuronas, células endoteliales y epiteliales, entre ellas la dinámica del citoesqueleto. Así mismo, se ha reportado que componentes del citoesqueleto, tales como, filamentos de actina y microtúbulos juegan un rol importante durante la infección por el virus dengue (DENV). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar por dos métodos, inhibición química y silenciamiento génico, la participación de CDK5 durante la infección por DENV-2. La actividad antiviral de roscovitina fue evaluada usando ensayos de Unidades Formadoras de Placa (PFU). La eficiencia de transfección y el silenciamiento de CDK5, empleando miARNs artificiales, se determinó por citometría de flujo. El efecto sobre la proteína de envoltura viral y elementos del citoesqueleto se evidenció mediante microscopia avanzada de fluorescencia y análisis de imágenes. Roscovitina mostró actividad antiviral en etapas pre y post-infectivas en una forma dependiente de la dosis. El tratamiento con roscovitina y miRCDK5 mostró ser efectivo reduciendo la cantidad de CDK5 en células no infectadas. En células infectadas y transfectadas con miRCDK5, así como tratadas con el inhibidor, se observó una reducción significativa de la proteína de envoltura viral; sin embargo, no se encontró reducción significativa de CDK5. Además, el tratamiento con roscovitina indujo cambios celulares morfológicos evidentes en células infectadas. Los resultados indican la potencial participación de CDK5 durante la infección por DENV-2, posiblemente mediando la traducción proteica o la replicación del genoma viral a través de la regulación de la dinámica del citoesqueleto. Se requieren datos adicionales para esclarecer la mecanística del fenómeno usando métodos alternativos.
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19
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Liu B, Li L, Yang G, Geng C, Luo Y, Wu W, Manyam GC, Korentzelos D, Park S, Tang Z, Wu C, Dong Z, Sigouros M, Sboner A, Beltran H, Chen Y, Corn PG, Tetzlaff MT, Troncoso P, Broom B, Thompson TC. PARP Inhibition Suppresses GR-MYCN-CDK5-RB1-E2F1 Signaling and Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6839-6851. [PMID: 31439587 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we addressed the underlying mechanisms for the association between enzalutamide (ENZ) treatment and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), and the critical involvement of MYCN, and loss of RB1 function in neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostatic epithelial cells, and the development of NEPC. We further sought to determine whether PARP inhibition could suppress NEPC, and to identify molecular determinants of this therapeutic activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used a novel prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) treatment model, prostatic adenocarcinoma and NEPC cell lines, an NEPC organoid line, and NEPC xenograft models to address the mechanistic basis of ENZ-induced NED, and to analyze suppression of NED and NEPC growth by PARP inhibition. RESULTS We identified an ENZ treatment-associated glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-MYCN-CDK5-RB1-E2F1 signaling pathway that drives NED in prostatic adenocarcinoma PDX and cell line models. Mechanistically, long-term ENZ treatment transcriptionally upregulates signaling of the GR-MYCN axis, leading to CDK5R1 and CDK5R2 upregulation, Rb1 phosphorylation, and N-Myc-mediated and E2F1-mediated NED gene expression. Importantly, olaparib (OLA) or talazoparib (TALA) suppressed these activities, and the combination of OLA and dinaciclib (DINA), an inhibitor of CDK2 and CDK5, which also inhibits Rb1 phosphorylation, suppressed NED and significantly improved therapeutic efficiency in NEPC cells in vitro and in NEPC tumors in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate an important role of GR-MYCN-CDK5R1/2-RB1-NED signaling in ENZ-induced and PARP inhibitor-suppressed NEPC. We also demonstrated efficacy for OLA+DINA combination therapy in NEPC xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chuandong Geng
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dimitrios Korentzelos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhenyang Dong
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Sigouros
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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20
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Oner M, Lin E, Chen MC, Hsu FN, Shazzad Hossain Prince GM, Chiu KY, Teng CLJ, Yang TY, Wang HY, Yue CH, Yu CH, Lai CH, Hsieh JT, Lin H. Future Aspects of CDK5 in Prostate Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163881. [PMID: 31395805 PMCID: PMC6720211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a unique member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family. CDK5 is activated by binding with its regulatory proteins, mainly p35, and its activation is essential in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been reported that CDK5 plays important roles in regulating various biological and pathological processes, including cancer progression. Concerning prostate cancer, the androgen receptor (AR) is majorly involved in tumorigenesis, while CDK5 can phosphorylate AR and promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Clinical evidence has also shown that the level of CDK5 is associated with the progression of prostate cancer. Interestingly, inhibition of CDK5 prevents prostate cancer cell growth, while drug-triggered CDK5 hyperactivation leads to apoptosis. The blocking of CDK5 activity by its small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or Roscovitine, a pan-CDK inhibitor, reduces the cellular AR protein level and triggers the death of prostate cancer cells. Thus, CDK5 plays a crucial role in the growth of prostate cancer cells, and AR regulation is one of the important pathways. In this review paper, we summarize the significant studies on CDK5-mediated regulation of prostate cancer cells. We propose that the CDK5–p35 complex might be an outstanding candidate as a diagnostic marker and potential target for prostate cancer treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Oner
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ning Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | | | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal, Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Herng Yue
- Department of Surgery, Tung's Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung Medical University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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21
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Pan Y, Jiang Z, Sun D, Li Z, Pu Y, Wang D, Huang A, He C, Cao L. Cyclin-dependent Kinase 18 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation through Activating the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:802-814. [PMID: 31028571 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is essential for the myelination and remyelination processes in the central nervous system. Determining the regulatory mechanism is fundamental to the treatment of demyelinating diseases. By analyzing the RNA sequencing data of different neural cells, we found that cyclin-dependent kinase 18 (CDK18) is exclusively expressed in oligodendrocytes. In vivo studies showed that the expression level of CDK18 gradually increased along with myelin formation during development and in the remyelination phase in a lysophosphatidylcholine-induced demyelination model, and was distinctively highly expressed in oligodendrocytes. In vitro overexpression and interference experiments revealed that CDK18 directly promotes the differentiation of OPCs, without affecting their proliferation or apoptosis. Mechanistically, CDK18 activated the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, thus promoting OPC differentiation. The results of the present study suggest that CDK18 is a promising cell-type specific target to treat demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Pan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Yangzhou, 225003, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dingya Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingyan Pu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Aijun Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Li Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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22
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Chapman DE, Reddy BJN, Huy B, Bovyn MJ, Cruz SJS, Al-Shammari ZM, Han H, Wang W, Smith DS, Gross SP. Regulation of in vivo dynein force production by CDK5 and 14-3-3ε and KIAA0528. Nat Commun 2019; 10:228. [PMID: 30651536 PMCID: PMC6335402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule cytoplasmic dynein function is well understood, but there are major gaps in mechanistic understanding of cellular dynein regulation. We reported a mode of dynein regulation, force adaptation, where lipid droplets adapt to opposition to motion by increasing the duration and magnitude of force production, and found LIS1 and NudEL to be essential. Adaptation reflects increasing NudEL-LIS1 utilization; here, we hypothesize that such increasing utilization reflects CDK5-mediated NudEL phosphorylation, which increases the dynein-NudEL interaction, and makes force adaptation possible. We report that CDK5, 14-3-3ε, and CDK5 cofactor KIAA0528 together promote NudEL phosphorylation and are essential for force adaptation. By studying the process in COS-1 cells lacking Tau, we avoid confounding neuronal effects of CDK5 on microtubules. Finally, we extend this in vivo regulatory pathway to lysosomes and mitochondria. Ultimately, we show that dynein force adaptation can control the severity of lysosomal tug-of-wars among other intracellular transport functions involving high force. Dynein plays roles in vesicular, organelle, chromosomal and nuclear transport but so far it is unclear how dynein activity in cells is regulated. Here authors study several dynein cofactors and their role in force adaptation of dynein during lipid droplet, lysosomal, and mitochondrial transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dail E Chapman
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Babu J N Reddy
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bunchhin Huy
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Bovyn
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephen John S Cruz
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zahraa M Al-Shammari
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Han Han
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Deanna S Smith
- Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Steven P Gross
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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23
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Tang H, Xu L, Liang X, Gao G. Low dose dinaciclib enhances doxorubicin-induced senescence in myeloma RPMI8226 cells by transformation of the p21 and p16 pathways. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6608-6614. [PMID: 30405800 PMCID: PMC6202540 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that lacks a cure. However, novel combination therapy is a current anti-MM strategy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a type of anthracycline which is a first-line chemotherapeutic for treating MM and induces senescence in many types of cancer. Dinaciclib is a potent, small molecule CDK inhibitor with promise for treating several types of cancer in I/II phase clinical trials. In the present study the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of dinaciclib combined with DOX in MM RPMI-8226 cells were investigated. Results indicated that DOX induced cell viability inhibition, cell cycle arrest and senescence. Furthermore, DOX resulted in increased alterations in DNA damage-related proteins such as p-ATM, p-Chk2, p-p53, p21 and γH2AX, but not p16. Notably, the combination of dinaciclib and DOX inhibited cell growth and promoted senescence by transforming the suppressive effects of the ATM/Chk2/p53/p21 signaling pathway and enhancing the p16 signaling pathway. Thus, low-dose dinaciclib enhanced anti-MM effects mediated by DOX via transformation of p21-p16 signaling pathways, leading to accelerated senescence, but not apoptosis. The present findings suggest this approach may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tang
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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24
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Roach BL, Ngo JM, Limso C, Oloja KB, Bhandari D. Identification and characterization of a novel phosphoregulatory site on cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:753-758. [PMID: 30217452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a serine/threonine kinase essential for embryonic development whose overactivation has been implicated in several pathologies including neurodegeneration, cancer cell metastasis and type II diabetes. Therefore, it is important to investigate molecular mechanism(s) that mediate regulation of CDK5 activity. Here we identify and characterize a novel phosphoregulatory site on CDK5. Our mass spectrometry analysis identified seven putative phosphorylation sites on CDK5. Using phosphomimetic and non-phosphorylatable mutants, we determined that phosphorylation of S47, one of the identified sites, renders the kinase catalytically inactive. The inactivation of the kinase due to the phosphomimetic change at S47 results from inhibition of its interaction with its cognate activator, p35. We connect the effect of this regulatory event to a cellular phenotype by showing that the S47D CDK5 mutant inhibits cell migration and promotes cell proliferation. Together, these results have uncovered a potential physiological mechanism to regulate CDK5 activity. The evolutionary placement of a phosphorylatable residue (S/T) at this position not only in CDK5 but also in the majority of other CDK family members suggests that this phosphosite may represent a shared regulatory mechanism across the CDK family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Lee Roach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, CA, 90840, United States
| | - Jordan Matthew Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, CA, 90840, United States
| | - Clariss Limso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, CA, 90840, United States
| | - Koyinsola Bolutife Oloja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, CA, 90840, United States
| | - Deepali Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, CA, 90840, United States.
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25
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Krzywinska E, Zorawski MD, Taracha A, Kotarba G, Kikulska A, Mlacki M, Kwiatkowska K, Wilanowski T. Threonine 454 phosphorylation in Grainyhead-like 3 is important for its function and regulation by the p38 MAPK pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1002-1011. [PMID: 29702134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian Grainyhead-like 3 (GRHL3) transcription factor is essential for epithelial development and plays a protective role against squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and of the oral cavity. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in GRHL3, rs141193530 (p.P455A), is associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in human patients. Moreover, it is known that this SNP, as well as another variant, rs41268753 (p.T454M), are associated with nonsyndromic cleft palate and that rs41268753 negatively affects GRHL3 transcriptional activity. These SNPs are located in adjacent codons of the GRHL3 gene, and the occurrence of either SNP abolishes a putative threonine-proline phosphorylation motif at T454 in the encoded protein. The role of phosphorylation in regulating mammalian GRHL function is currently unknown. In this work we show that GRHL3 is phosphorylated at several residues in a human keratinocyte cell line, among them at T454. This site is essential for the full transcriptional activity of GRHL3. The T454 residue is phosphorylated by p38 MAPK in vitro and activation of p38 signaling in cells causes an increase in GRHL3 activity. The regulation of GRHL3 function by this pathway is dependent on T454, as the substitution of T454 with methionine inhibits the activation of GRHL3. Taken together, our results show that T454 is one of the phosphorylated residues in GRHL3 in keratinocytes and this residue is important for the upregulation of GRHL3 transcriptional activity by the p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Krzywinska
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Dominick Zorawski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Taracha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kotarba
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kikulska
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Mlacki
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Abramson HN. Kinase inhibitors as potential agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81926-81968. [PMID: 27655636 PMCID: PMC5348443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of therapeutic options available for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) - from immunomodulating agents to proteasome inhibitors to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and, most recently, monoclonal antibodies. Used in conjunction with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, these modalities have nearly doubled the disease's five-year survival rate over the last three decades to about 50%. In spite of these advances, MM still is considered incurable as resistance and relapse are common. While small molecule protein kinase inhibitors have made inroads in the therapy of a number of cancers, to date their application to MM has been less than successful. Focusing on MM, this review examines the roles played by a number of kinases in driving the malignant state and the rationale for target development in the design of a number of kinase inhibitors that have demonstrated anti-myeloma activity in both in vitro and in vivo xenograph models, as well as those that have entered clinical trials. Among the targets and their inhibitors examined are receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, cell cycle control kinases, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, casein kinase, integrin-linked kinase, sphingosine kinase, and kinases involved in the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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27
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Abstract
Cdk5 is an atypical cyclin-dependent kinase that is well characterized for its role in the central nervous system rather than in the cell cycle. However Cdk5 has been recently implicated in the development and progression of a variety of cancers including breast, lung, colon, pancreatic, melanoma, thyroid and brain tumors. This broad pro-tumorigenic role makes Cdk5 a promising drug target for the development of new cancer therapies. Here we review the contribution of Cdk5 to molecular mechanisms that confer upon tumors the ability to grow, proliferate and disseminate to secondary organs, as well as resistance to chemotherapies. We subsequently discuss existing and new strategies for targeting Cdk5 and its downstream mechanisms as anti-cancer treatments.
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28
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Carpenter KA, Huang X. Machine Learning-based Virtual Screening and Its Applications to Alzheimer's Drug Discovery: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:3347-3358. [PMID: 29879881 PMCID: PMC6327115 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180607124038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual Screening (VS) has emerged as an important tool in the drug development process, as it conducts efficient in silico searches over millions of compounds, ultimately increasing yields of potential drug leads. As a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) is a powerful way of conducting VS for drug leads. ML for VS generally involves assembling a filtered training set of compounds, comprised of known actives and inactives. After training the model, it is validated and, if sufficiently accurate, used on previously unseen databases to screen for novel compounds with desired drug target binding activity. OBJECTIVE The study aims to review ML-based methods used for VS and applications to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) drug discovery. METHODS To update the current knowledge on ML for VS, we review thorough backgrounds, explanations, and VS applications of the following ML techniques: Naïve Bayes (NB), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). RESULTS All techniques have found success in VS, but the future of VS is likely to lean more largely toward the use of neural networks - and more specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), which are a subset of ANN that utilize convolution. We additionally conceptualize a work flow for conducting ML-based VS for potential therapeutics for AD, a complex neurodegenerative disease with no known cure and prevention. This both serves as an example of how to apply the concepts introduced earlier in the review and as a potential workflow for future implementation. CONCLUSION Different ML techniques are powerful tools for VS, and they have advantages and disadvantages albeit. ML-based VS can be applied to AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A. Carpenter
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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29
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Robb CM, Kour S, Contreras JI, Agarwal E, Barger CJ, Rana S, Sonawane Y, Neilsen BK, Taylor M, Kizhake S, Thakare RN, Chowdhury S, Wang J, Black JD, Hollingsworth MA, Brattain MG, Natarajan A. Characterization of CDK(5) inhibitor, 20-223 (aka CP668863) for colorectal cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5216-5232. [PMID: 29435174 PMCID: PMC5797045 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in the United States. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options for patients suffering from CRC, none of which focus on the cell signaling mechanisms controlled by the popular kinase family, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). Here we evaluate a Pfizer developed compound, CP668863, that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in neurodegenerative disorders. CDK5 has been implicated in a number of cancers, most recently as an oncogene in colorectal cancers. Our lab synthesized and characterized CP668863 - now called 20-223. In our established colorectal cancer xenograft model, 20-223 reduced tumor growth and tumor weight indicating its value as a potential anti-CRC agent. We subjected 20-223 to a series of cell-free and cell-based studies to understand the mechanism of its anti-tumor effects. In our hands, in vitro 20-223 is most potent against CDK2 and CDK5. The clinically used CDK inhibitor AT7519 and 20-223 share the aminopyrazole core and we used it to benchmark the 20-223 potency. In CDK5 and CDK2 kinase assays, 20-223 was ∼3.5-fold and ∼65.3-fold more potent than known clinically used CDK inhibitor, AT7519, respectively. Cell-based studies examining phosphorylation of downstream substrates revealed 20-223 inhibits the kinase activity of CDK5 and CDK2 in multiple CRC cell lines. Consistent with CDK5 inhibition, 20-223 inhibited migration of CRC cells in a wound-healing assay. Profiling a panel of CRC cell lines for growth inhibitory effects showed that 20-223 has nanomolar potency across multiple CRC cell lines and was on an average >2-fold more potent than AT7519. Cell cycle analyses in CRC cells revealed that 20-223 phenocopied the effects associated with AT7519. Collectively, these findings suggest that 20-223 exerts anti-tumor effects against CRC by targeting CDK 2/5 and inducing cell cycle arrest. Our studies also indicate that 20-223 is a suitable lead compound for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Robb
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Smit Kour
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Jacob I Contreras
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Carter J Barger
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Yogesh Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Margaret Taylor
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Smitha Kizhake
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Rhishikesh N Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Jennifer D Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Michael G Brattain
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA
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30
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Arif A, Yao P, Terenzi F, Jia J, Ray PS, Fox PL. The GAIT translational control system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 9. [PMID: 29152905 PMCID: PMC5815886 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)‐γ‐activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) system directs transcript‐selective translational control of functionally related genes. In myeloid cells, IFN‐γ induces formation of a multiprotein GAIT complex that binds structural GAIT elements in the 3′‐untranslated regions (UTRs) of multiple inflammation‐related mRNAs, including ceruloplasmin and VEGF‐A, and represses their translation. The human GAIT complex is a heterotetramer containing glutamyl‐prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS), NS1‐associated protein 1 (NSAP1), ribosomal protein L13a (L13a), and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). A network of IFN‐γ‐stimulated kinases regulates recruitment and assembly of GAIT complex constituents. Activation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and S6K1 kinases induces EPRS release from its parental multiaminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex to join NSAP1 in a ‘pre‐GAIT’ complex. Subsequently, the DAPK‐ZIPK kinase axis phosphorylates L13a, inducing release from the 60S ribosomal subunit and binding to GAPDH. The subcomplexes join to form the functional GAIT complex. Each constituent has a distinct role in the GAIT system. EPRS binds the GAIT element in target mRNAs, NSAP1 negatively regulates mRNA binding, L13a binds eIF4G to block ribosome recruitment, and GAPDH shields L13a from proteasomal degradation. The GAIT system is susceptible to genetic and condition‐specific regulation. An N‐terminus EPRS truncate is a dominant‐negative inhibitor ensuring a ‘translational trickle’ of target transcripts. Also, hypoxia and oxidatively modified lipoproteins regulate GAIT activity. Mouse models exhibiting absent or genetically modified GAIT complex constituents are beginning to elucidate the physiological role of the GAIT system, particularly in the resolution of chronic inflammation. Finally, GAIT‐like systems in proto‐chordates suggests an evolutionarily conserved role of the pathway in innate immunity. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1441. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1441 This article is categorized under:
Translation > Translation Regulation RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Riboswitches
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Arif
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peng Yao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fulvia Terenzi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Partho Sarothi Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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31
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Stetz G, Tse A, Verkhivker GM. Ensemble-based modeling and rigidity decomposition of allosteric interaction networks and communication pathways in cyclin-dependent kinases: Differentiating kinase clients of the Hsp90-Cdc37 chaperone. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186089. [PMID: 29095844 PMCID: PMC5667858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overarching goal of delineating molecular principles underlying differentiation of protein kinase clients and chaperone-based modulation of kinase activity is fundamental to understanding activity of many oncogenic kinases that require chaperoning of Hsp70 and Hsp90 systems to attain a functionally competent active form. Despite structural similarities and common activation mechanisms shared by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) proteins, members of this family can exhibit vastly different chaperone preferences. The molecular determinants underlying chaperone dependencies of protein kinases are not fully understood as structurally similar kinases may often elicit distinct regulatory responses to the chaperone. The regulatory divergences observed for members of CDK family are of particular interest as functional diversification among these kinases may be related to variations in chaperone dependencies and can be exploited in drug discovery of personalized therapeutic agents. In this work, we report the results of a computational investigation of several members of CDK family (CDK5, CDK6, CDK9) that represented a broad repertoire of chaperone dependencies—from nonclient CDK5, to weak client CDK6, and strong client CDK9. By using molecular simulations of multiple crystal structures we characterized conformational ensembles and collective dynamics of CDK proteins. We found that the elevated dynamics of CDK9 can trigger imbalances in cooperative collective motions and reduce stability of the active fold, thus creating a cascade of favorable conditions for chaperone intervention. The ensemble-based modeling of residue interaction networks and community analysis determined how differences in modularity of allosteric networks and topography of communication pathways can be linked with the client status of CDK proteins. This analysis unveiled depleted modularity of the allosteric network in CDK9 that alters distribution of communication pathways and leads to impaired signaling in the client kinase. According to our results, these network features may uniquely define chaperone dependencies of CDK clients. The perturbation response scanning and rigidity decomposition approaches identified regulatory hotspots that mediate differences in stability and cooperativity of allosteric interaction networks in the CDK structures. By combining these synergistic approaches, our study revealed dynamic and network signatures that can differentiate kinase clients and rationalize subtle divergences in the activation mechanisms of CDK family members. The therapeutic implications of these results are illustrated by identifying structural hotspots of pathogenic mutations that preferentially target regions of the increased flexibility to enable modulation of activation changes. Our study offers a network-based perspective on dynamic kinase mechanisms and drug design by unravelling relationships between protein kinase dynamics, allosteric communications and chaperone dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Stetz
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda Tse
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States of America
| | - Gennady M. Verkhivker
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Abstract
Selective abrogation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) activity is a highly promising strategy in cancer treatment. The atypical CDK, CDK5 has long been known for its role in neurodegenerative diseases, and is becoming an attractive drug target for cancer therapy. Myriads of recent studies have uncovered that aberrant expression of CDK5 contributes to the oncogenic initiation and progression of multiple solid and hematological malignancies. CDK5 is also implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell biology. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge of CDK5 as a druggable target for cancer treatment. We also provide a detailed outlook of designing selective and potent inhibitors of this enzyme.
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33
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Xie H, Wen H, Zhang D, Liu L, Liu B, Liu Q, Jin Q, Ke K, Hu M, Chen X. Designing of dual inhibitors for GSK-3β and CDK5: Virtual screening and in vitro biological activities study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18118-18128. [PMID: 28179579 PMCID: PMC5392312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with many drug targets contributing to its etiology. Despite the devastating effects of this disease, therapeutic methods for treating Alzheimer's disease remain limited. The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease strongly supports a multi-target rationale as a drug design strategy. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 have been identified as being involved in the pathological hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, which leads to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and causes Alzheimer's disease. In this study, using a molecular docking method to screen a virtual library, we discovered molecules that can simultaneously inhibit Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 as lead compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The docking results revealed the key residues in the substrate binding sites of both Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent kinase 5. A receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the docking model consistently and selectively scored the majority of active compounds above decoys. The pre-treatment of cells with screened compounds protected them against Aβ25-35- induced cell death by up to 80%. Collectively, these findings suggest that some compounds have potential to be promising multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Xie
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China.,Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Denan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Qiuqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jin
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Kehui Ke
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Xiujie Chen
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
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34
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Biological functions of CDK5 and potential CDK5 targeted clinical treatments. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17373-17382. [PMID: 28077789 PMCID: PMC5370047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases are proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinases that are traditionally activated upon association with a regulatory subunit. For most CDKs, activation by a cyclin occurs through association and phosphorylation of the CDK’s T-loop. CDK5 is unusual because it is not typically activated upon binding with a cyclin and does not require T-loop phosphorylation for activation, even though it has high amino acid sequence homology with other CDKs. While it was previously thought that CDK5 only interacted with p35 or p39 and their cleaved counterparts, Recent evidence suggests that CDK5 can interact with certain cylins, amongst other proteins, which modulate CDK5 activity levels. This review discusses recent findings of molecular interactions that regulate CDK5 activity and CDK5 associated pathways that are implicated in various diseases. Also covered herein is the growing body of evidence for CDK5 in contributing to the onset and progression of tumorigenesis.
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35
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Liu W, Li J, Song YS, Li Y, Jia YH, Zhao HD. Cdk5 links with DNA damage response and cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:60. [PMID: 28288624 PMCID: PMC5348798 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an atypical member of cyclin dependent kinase family, Cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is considered as a neuron-specific kinase in the past decade due to the abundant existence of its activator p35 in post-mitotic neurons. Recent studies show that Cdk5 participates in a series of biological and pathological processes in non-neuronal cells, and is generally dysregulated in various cancer cells. The inhibition or knockdown of Cdk5 has been proven to play an anti-cancer role through various mechanisms, and can synergize the killing effect of chemotherapeutics. DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Here we describe the regulatory mechanisms of Cdk5, its controversial roles in apoptosis and focus on its links to DDR and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu-Shu Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu-Hong Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road West 9, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Di Giovanni C, Novellino E, Chilin A, Lavecchia A, Marzaro G. Investigational drugs targeting cyclin-dependent kinases for the treatment of cancer: an update on recent findings (2013-2016). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 25:1215-30. [PMID: 27606939 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1234603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell cycle and gene transcription are under the control of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), whose activity depends on the binding with cyclins. Deregulated CDK activities have been reported in a majority of human cancers, representing potential therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED This review provides preclinical and clinical (phase I/II) updates of promising therapeutic compounds targeting CDKs published between 2013 and 2016 EXPERT OPINION: First generation pan-CDK inhibitors showed marked toxicity in clinical trials and most compounds were discontinued. Despite their failure was ascribed also to inadequate patient selection rules, novel pan-CDK inhibitors have entered clinical trials with still poorly defined selection strategies. The most interesting results have been obtained with dual CDK4/6 inhibitors and through a more accurate evaluation of predictive biomarkers, suggesting the usefulness of CDK inhibitors for personalized treatment. The increased knowledge on the roles of CDKs in cell cycle and gene transcription suggests to review also the anticancer potential of first generation CDK inhibitors by defining more appropriate rules for patients engagement. Recent findings has highlighted CDK8 as a novel target for cancer treatment. Indeed some biomarkers for CDK8 inhibition sensitivity have already been proposed. CDK8 inhibition is also supposed to prevent cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Di Giovanni
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Adriana Chilin
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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Oh M, Ahn J, Lee T, Jang G, Park C, Yoon Y. Drug voyager: a computational platform for exploring unintended drug action. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:131. [PMID: 28241745 PMCID: PMC5329936 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dominant paradigm in understanding drug action focuses on the intended therapeutic effects and frequent adverse reactions. However, this approach may limit opportunities to grasp unintended drug actions, which can open up channels to repurpose existing drugs and identify rare adverse drug reactions. Advances in systems biology can be exploited to comprehensively understand pharmacodynamic actions, although proper frameworks to represent drug actions are still lacking. RESULTS We suggest a novel platform to construct a drug-specific pathway in which a molecular-level mechanism of action is formulated based on pharmacologic, pharmacogenomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic data related to drug response ( http://databio.gachon.ac.kr/tools/ ). In this platform, an adoption of three conceptual levels imitating drug perturbation allows these pathways to be realistically rendered in comparison to those of other models. Furthermore, we propose a new method that exploits functional features of the drug-specific pathways to predict new indications as well as adverse reactions. For therapeutic uses, our predictions significantly overlapped with clinical trials and an up-to-date drug-disease association database. Also, our method outperforms existing methods with regard to classification of active compounds for cancers. For adverse reactions, our predictions were significantly enriched in an independent database derived from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System and meaningfully cover an Adverse Reaction Database provided by Health Canada. Lastly, we discuss several predictions for both therapeutic indications and side-effects through the published literature. CONCLUSIONS Our study addresses how we can computationally represent drug-signaling pathways to understand unintended drug actions and to facilitate drug discovery and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Oh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jaegyoon Ahn
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Taekeon Lee
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Giup Jang
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chihyun Park
- Biomedical HPC Technology Research Center, Korean Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Yoon
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea. .,Postal Address: Gachon University, 339Ho, Woongji B.D., 1324 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, 13120, South Korea.
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Zhang Y, Gao X, Chen S, Zhao M, Chen J, Liu R, Cheng S, Qi M, Wang S, Liu W. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 contributes to endoplasmic reticulum stress induced podocyte apoptosis via promoting MEKK1 phosphorylation at Ser280 in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Signal 2016; 31:31-40. [PMID: 28024901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported to be associated with podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy, but the mechanism of ER signaling in podocyte apoptosis hasn't been fully understood. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) was associated with podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. The present study was designed to examine whether and how Cdk5 activity plays a role in ER stress induced podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. The results showed that along with induction of Cdk5 and apoptosis, GRP78 and its two sensors as well as CHOP and cleaved caspase-12 were induced in high glucose treated podocytes. These responses were attenuated by treated salubrinal. The ER stress inducer, tunicamycin, also up-regulated the kinase activity and protein expression of Cdk5 in podocytes accompanied with the increasing of GRP78. On the other hand, Cdk5 phosphorylates MEKK1 at Ser280 in tunicamycin treated podocytes, and together, they increase the JNK phosphorylation. Moreover, disruption of this pathway can decrease the podocyte apoptosis induced by tunicamycin. Therefore, our study proved that Cdk5 may play an important role in ER stress induced podocyte apoptosis through MEKK1/JNK pathway in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Surgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Shuanggang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shengyang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Mengyuan Qi
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Synthetic strategy with representation on mechanistic pathway for the therapeutic applications of dihydroquinazolinones. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:596-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Arif A, Jia J, Halawani D, Fox PL. Experimental approaches for investigation of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase phosphorylation. Methods 2016; 113:72-82. [PMID: 27729295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of many aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (AARSs) has been recognized for decades, but the contribution of post-translational modification to their primary role in tRNA charging and decryption of genetic code remains unclear. In contrast, phosphorylation is essential for performance of diverse noncanonical functions of AARSs unrelated to protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS) has been investigated extensively in our laboratory for more than a decade, and has served as an archetype for studies of other AARSs. EPRS is a constituent of the IFN-γ-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) complex that directs transcript-selective translational control in myeloid cells. Stimulus-dependent phosphorylation of EPRS is essential for its release from the parental multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), for binding to other GAIT complex proteins, and for regulating the binding to target mRNAs. Importantly, phosphorylation is the common driving force for the context- and stimulus-dependent release, and non-canonical activity, of other AARSs residing in the MSC, for example, lysyl tRNA synthetase (KARS). Here, we describe the concepts and experimental methodologies we have used to investigate the influence of phosphorylation on the structure and function of EPRS. We suggest that application of these approaches will help to identify new functional phosphorylation event(s) in other AARSs and elucidate their possible roles in noncanonical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Arif
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dalia Halawani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Chiker S, Pennaneach V, Loew D, Dingli F, Biard D, Cordelières FP, Gemble S, Vacher S, Bieche I, Hall J, Fernet M. Cdk5 promotes DNA replication stress checkpoint activation through RPA-32 phosphorylation, and impacts on metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3066-78. [PMID: 26237679 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1078020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a determinant of PARP inhibitor and ionizing radiation (IR) sensitivity. Here we show that Cdk5-depleted (Cdk5-shRNA) HeLa cells show higher sensitivity to S-phase irradiation, chronic hydroxyurea exposure, and 5-fluorouracil and 6-thioguanine treatment, with hydroxyurea and IR sensitivity also seen in Cdk5-depleted U2OS cells. As Cdk5 is not directly implicated in DNA strand break repair we investigated in detail its proposed role in the intra-S checkpoint activation. While Cdk5-shRNA HeLa cells showed altered basal S-phase dynamics with slower replication velocity and fewer active origins per DNA megabase, checkpoint activation was impaired after a hydroxyurea block. Cdk5 depletion was associated with reduced priming phosphorylations of RPA32 serines 29 and 33 and SMC1-Serine 966 phosphorylation, lower levels of RPA serine 4 and 8 phosphorylation and DNA damage measured using the alkaline Comet assay, gamma-H2AX signal intensity, RPA and Rad51 foci, and sister chromatid exchanges resulting in impaired intra-S checkpoint activation and subsequently higher numbers of chromatin bridges. In vitro kinase assays coupled with mass spectrometry demonstrated that Cdk5 can carry out the RPA32 priming phosphorylations on serines 23, 29, and 33 necessary for this checkpoint activation. In addition we found an association between lower Cdk5 levels and longer metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients and survival in Cdk5-depleted breast tumor cells after treatment with IR and a PARP inhibitor. Taken together, these results show that Cdk5 is necessary for basal replication and replication stress checkpoint activation and highlight clinical opportunities to enhance tumor cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chiker
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,b Inserm; U612; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,c Université Paris-XI; Faculté de Médecine ; Le Kremlin Bicêtre , France
| | - Vincent Pennaneach
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,b Inserm; U612; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Damarys Loew
- d Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique ; Paris , France
| | - Florent Dingli
- d Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique ; Paris , France
| | - Denis Biard
- e Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique; DSV; iMETI; SEPIA; Team Cellular Engineering and Human Syndromes ; Fontenay aux Roses , France
| | - Fabrice P Cordelières
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,f CNRS; UMR3348; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,g Plateforme IBiSA d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire; Institut Curie; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay , France
| | - Simon Gemble
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,f CNRS; UMR3348; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- h Pharmacogenetics Unit; Genetics Service ; Department of Tumour Biology ; Institut Curie ; Paris , France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- h Pharmacogenetics Unit; Genetics Service ; Department of Tumour Biology ; Institut Curie ; Paris , France
| | - Janet Hall
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,b Inserm; U612; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,i Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon -UMR Inserm 1052 - CNRS 5286 ; Lyon , France
| | - Marie Fernet
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,b Inserm; U612; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France
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Dorand RD, Nthale J, Myers JT, Barkauskas DS, Avril S, Chirieleison SM, Pareek TK, Abbott DW, Stearns DS, Letterio JJ, Huang AY, Petrosiute A. Cdk5 disruption attenuates tumor PD-L1 expression and promotes antitumor immunity. Science 2016; 353:399-403. [PMID: 27463676 DOI: 10.1126/science.aae0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancers often evade immune surveillance by adopting peripheral tissue- tolerance mechanisms, such as the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), the inhibition of which results in potent antitumor immunity. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a serine-threonine kinase that is highly active in postmitotic neurons and in many cancers, allows medulloblastoma (MB) to evade immune elimination. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced PD-L1 up-regulation on MB requires Cdk5, and disruption of Cdk5 expression in a mouse model of MB results in potent CD4(+) T cell-mediated tumor rejection. Loss of Cdk5 results in persistent expression of the PD-L1 transcriptional repressors, the interferon regulatory factors IRF2 and IRF2BP2, which likely leads to reduced PD-L1 expression on tumors. Our finding highlights a central role for Cdk5 in immune checkpoint regulation by tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dixon Dorand
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Joseph Nthale
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jay T Myers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Deborah S Barkauskas
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stefanie Avril
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steven M Chirieleison
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tej K Pareek
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Duncan S Stearns
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John J Letterio
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Agne Petrosiute
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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The Activators of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 p35 and p39 Are Essential for Oligodendrocyte Maturation, Process Formation, and Myelination. J Neurosci 2016; 36:3024-37. [PMID: 26961956 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2250-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of oligodendrocyte development and myelin formation in the CNS is poorly defined. Multiple signals influence the rate and extent of CNS myelination, including the noncanonical cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) whose functions are regulated by its activators p35 and p39. Here we show that selective loss of either p35 or p39 perturbed specific aspects of oligodendrocyte development, whereas loss of both p35 and p39 completely inhibited the development of mature oligodendrocytes and myelination. In the absence of p35, oligodendrocyte differentiation was delayed, process outgrowth was truncated in vitro, and the patterning and extent of myelination were perturbed in the CNS of p35(-/-) mice. In the absence of p39, oligodendrocyte maturation was transiently affected both in vitro and in vivo. However, loss of both p35 and p39 in oligodendrocyte lineage cells completely inhibited oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and myelination both in vitro and after transplantation into shiverer slice cultures. Loss of p35 and p39 had a more profound effect on oligodendrocyte development than simply the loss of Cdk5 and could not be rescued by Cdk5 overexpression. These data suggest p35 and p39 have specific and overlapping roles in oligodendrocyte development, some of which may be independent of Cdk5 activation.
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Lam E, Pareek TK, Letterio JJ. Cdk5 controls IL-2 gene expression via repression of the mSin3a-HDAC complex. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1327-36. [PMID: 25785643 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.987621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a unique member of a family of serine/threonine cyclin-dependent protein kinases. We previously demonstrated disruption of Cdk5 gene expression in mice impairs T-cell function and ameliorates T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation. Here, we show Cdk5 modulates gene expression during T-cell activation by impairing the repression of gene transcription by histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) through specific phosphorylation of the mSin3a protein at serine residue 861. Disruption of Cdk5 activity in T-cells enhances HDAC activity and binding of the HDAC1/mSin3a complex to the IL-2 promoter, leading to suppression of IL-2 gene expression. These data point to essential roles for Cdk5 in regulating gene expression in T-cells and transcriptional regulation by the co-repressor mSin3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lam
- a Department of Pediatrics; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Center; The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Case Western Reserve University ; Cleveland , OH USA
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Czapski GA, Gąssowska M, Wilkaniec A, Chalimoniuk M, Strosznajder JB, Adamczyk A. The mechanisms regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in hippocampus during systemic inflammatory response: The effect on inflammatory gene expression. Neurochem Int 2016; 93:103-12. [PMID: 26806339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is critical for nervous system's development and function, and its aberrant activation contributes to pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. It was recently suggested that Cdk5 may participate in regulation of inflammatory signalling. The aim of this study was to analyse the mechanisms involved in regulating Cdk5 activity in the brain during systemic inflammatory response (SIR) as well as the involvement of Cdk5 in controlling the expression of inflammatory genes. Genetic and biochemical alterations in hippocampus were analysed 3 and 12 h after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. We observed an increase in both Cdk5 gene expression and protein level. Moreover, phosphorylation of Cdk5 on Ser159 was significantly enhanced. Also transcription of Cdk5-regulatory protein (p35/Cdk5r1) was augmented, and the level of p25, calpain-dependent cleavage product of p35, was increased. All these results demonstrated rapid activation of Cdk5 in the brain during SIR. Hyperactivity of Cdk5 contributed to enhanced phosphorylation of tau and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Inhibition of Cdk5 with Roscovitine reduced activation of NF-κB and expression of inflammation-related genes, demonstrating the critical role of Cdk5 in regulation of gene transcription during SIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna B Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Draney C, Hobson AE, Grover SG, Jack BO, Tessem JS. Cdk5r1 Overexpression Induces Primary β-Cell Proliferation. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6375804. [PMID: 26788519 PMCID: PMC4691621 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6375804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased β-cell mass is a hallmark of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Islet transplantation as a method of diabetes therapy is hampered by the paucity of transplant ready islets. Understanding the pathways controlling islet proliferation may be used to increase functional β-cell mass through transplantation or by enhanced growth of endogenous β-cells. We have shown that the transcription factor Nkx6.1 induces β-cell proliferation by upregulating the orphan nuclear hormone receptors Nr4a1 and Nr4a3. Using expression analysis to define Nkx6.1-independent mechanisms by which Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 induce β-cell proliferation, we demonstrated that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1 (Cdk5r1) is upregulated by Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 but not by Nkx6.1. Overexpression of Cdk5r1 is sufficient to induce primary rat β-cell proliferation while maintaining glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Overexpression of Cdk5r1 in β-cells confers protection against apoptosis induced by etoposide and thapsigargin, but not camptothecin. The Cdk5 kinase complex inhibitor roscovitine blocks islet proliferation, suggesting that Cdk5r1 mediated β-cell proliferation is a kinase dependent event. Overexpression of Cdk5r1 results in pRb phosphorylation, which is inhibited by roscovitine treatment. These data demonstrate that activation of the Cdk5 kinase complex is sufficient to induce β-cell proliferation while maintaining glucose stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Draney
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Amanda E. Hobson
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Samuel G. Grover
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin O. Jack
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Tessem
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- *Jeffery S. Tessem:
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The Crucial Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-5-Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Axis in ICH-Induced Neuronal Injury of Rat Model. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6301-6308. [PMID: 26567107 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) are involved in normal human neurodevelopment and serves as a switch between neuronal survival and death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CDK5-ATM-induced neuronal injury caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain unclear. In this work, we used rat ICH models and thrombin-induced cell models to investigate the potential role of CDK5-ATM signals. Our findings revealed that CDK5 protein levels and kinase activities (p-histone H1 expression) were enforced in hematoma-surrounding neuron tissues following ICH. Besides, the expression of p25, p-ATM, and active caspase-3 protein was also upregulated after ICH. According to in vitro assays, the expression of CDK5, p-ATM, and active caspase-3 was all upregulated in cell viability-decreasing ICH cell models. However, blocking of either CDK5 or ATM suppressed the phosphorylation of ATM and the expression of active caspase-3, and attenuated the inhibition of neuronal survival. When p35/p25 was silenced, CDK5-ATM pathway was further inhibited, and cell viability was obviously ameliorated. In conclusion, this work suggested that ATM could be phosphorylated by CDK5 to induce the active caspase-3 and neuronal injury when intracerebral hemorrhage or ischemia occurred. Thus, the CDK5-AMT signal pathway has an important role in ICH process and may be a therapeutic target to prevent brain injury.
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Grant NJ, Coates PJ, Woods YL, Bray SE, Morrice NA, Hastie CJ, Lamont DJ, Carey FA, Sutherland C. Phosphorylation of a splice variant of collapsin response mediator protein 2 in the nucleus of tumour cells links cyclin dependent kinase-5 to oncogenesis. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:885. [PMID: 26555036 PMCID: PMC4640224 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent protein kinase-5 (CDK5) is an unusual member of the CDK family as it is not cell cycle regulated. However many of its substrates have roles in cell growth and oncogenesis, raising the possibility that CDK5 modulation could have therapeutic benefit. In order to establish whether changes in CDK5 activity are associated with oncogenesis one could quantify phosphorylation of CDK5 targets in disease tissue in comparison to appropriate controls. However the identity of physiological and pathophysiological CDK5 substrates remains the subject of debate, making the choice of CDK5 activity biomarkers difficult. Methods Here we use in vitro and in cell phosphorylation assays to identify novel features of CDK5 target sequence determinants that confer enhanced CDK5 selectivity, providing means to select substrate biomarkers of CDK5 activity with more confidence. We then characterize tools for the best CDK5 substrate we identified to monitor its phosphorylation in human tissue and use these to interrogate human tumour arrays. Results The close proximity of Arg/Lys amino acids and a proline two residues N-terminal to the phosphorylated residue both improve recognition of the substrate by CDK5. In contrast the presence of a proline two residues C-terminal to the target residue dramatically reduces phosphorylation rate. Serine-522 of Collapsin Response Mediator-2 (CRMP2) is a validated CDK5 substrate with many of these structural criteria. We generate and characterise phosphospecific antibodies to Ser522 and show that phosphorylation appears in human tumours (lung, breast, and lymphoma) in stark contrast to surrounding non-neoplastic tissue. In lung cancer the anti-phospho-Ser522 signal is positive in squamous cell carcinoma more frequently than adenocarcinoma. Finally we demonstrate that it is a specific and unusual splice variant of CRMP2 (CRMP2A) that is phosphorylated in tumour cells. Conclusions For the first time this data associates altered CDK5 substrate phosphorylation with oncogenesis in some but not all tumour types, implicating altered CDK5 activity in aspects of pathogenesis. These data identify a novel oncogenic mechanism where CDK5 activation induces CRMP2A phosphorylation in the nuclei of tumour cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1691-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Grant
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Medical School, DD1 9SY, Dundee, UK.
| | | | - Yvonne L Woods
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.
| | - Susan E Bray
- Division of Cancer, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | | | - C James Hastie
- Division of Signal Transduction and Therapy, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Douglas J Lamont
- FingerPrints Proteomics Facility, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Francis A Carey
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Medical School, DD1 9SY, Dundee, UK.
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Roque A, Ponte I, Suau P. Interplay between histone H1 structure and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1859:444-54. [PMID: 26415976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
H1 linker histones are involved both in the maintenance of higher-order chromatin structure and in gene regulation. Histone H1 exists in multiple isoforms, is evolutionarily variable and undergoes a large variety of post-translational modifications. We review recent progress in the understanding of the folding and structure of histone H1 domains with an emphasis on the interactions with DNA. The importance of intrinsic disorder and hydrophobic interactions in the folding and function of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) is discussed. The induction of a molten globule-state in the CTD by macromolecular crowding is also considered. The effects of phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases on the structure of the CTD, as well as on chromatin condensation and oligomerization, are described. We also address the extranuclear functions of histone H1, including the interaction with the β-amyloid peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Roque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inma Ponte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Suau
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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50
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Levran O, Peles E, Randesi M, Correa da Rosa J, Ott J, Rotrosen J, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. Synaptic Plasticity and Signal Transduction Gene Polymorphisms and Vulnerability to Drug Addictions in Populations of European or African Ancestry. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:898-904. [PMID: 26384852 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Drug addiction is characterized, in part, by deregulation of synaptic plasticity in circuits involved in reward, stress, cue learning, and memory. This study was designed to assess whether 185 variants in 32 genes central to synaptic plasticity and signal transduction contribute to vulnerability to develop heroin and/or cocaine addiction. METHODS Analyses were conducted in a sample of 1860 subjects divided according to ancestry (African and European) and drug of abuse (heroin or cocaine). RESULTS Eighteen SNPs in 11 genes (CDK5R1, EPHA4, EPHA6, FOSL2, MAPK3, MBP, MPDZ, NFKB1, NTRK2, NTSR1, and PRKCE) showed significant associations (P < 0.01), but the signals did not survive correction for multiple testing. SNP rs230530 in the NFKB1 gene, encoding the transcription regulator NF-kappa-B, was the only SNP indicated in both ancestry groups and both addictions. This SNP was previously identified in association with alcohol addiction. SNP rs3915568 in NTSR1, which encodes neurotensin receptor, and SNP rs1389752 in MPDZ, which encodes the multiple PDZ domain protein, were previously associated with heroin addiction or alcohol addiction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study supports the involvement of genetic variation in signal transduction pathways in heroin and cocaine addiction and provides preliminary evidence suggesting several new risk or protective loci that may be relevant for diagnosis and treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Einat Peles
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Matthew Randesi
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jurg Ott
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Rotrosen
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Adelson
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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