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Dias IHK, Shokr H. Oxysterols as Biomarkers of Aging and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:307-336. [PMID: 38036887 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols derive from either enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol. Even though they are produced as intermediates of bile acid synthesis pathway, they are recognised as bioactive compounds in cellular processes. Therefore, their absence or accumulation have been shown to be associated with disease phenotypes. This chapter discusses the contribution of oxysterol to ageing, age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration and various disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic and ocular disorders. It is clear that oxysterols play a significant role in development and progression of these diseases. As a result, oxysterols are being investigated as suitable markers for disease diagnosis purposes and some drug targets are in development targeting oxysterol pathways. However, further research will be needed to confirm the suitability of these potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Hala Shokr
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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2
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de Medina P, Ayadi S, Diallo K, Buñay J, Pucheu L, Soulès R, Record M, Brillouet S, Vija L, Courbon F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. The Cholesterol-5,6-Epoxide Hydrolase: A Metabolic Checkpoint in Several Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:149-161. [PMID: 38036879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol-5,6-epoxides (5,6-ECs) are oxysterols (OS) that have been linked to several pathologies including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 5,6-ECs can be produced from cholesterol by several mechanisms including reactive oxygen species, lipoperoxidation, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. 5,6-ECs exist as two different diastereoisomers: 5,6α-EC and 5,6β-EC with different metabolic fates. They can be produced as a mixture or as single products of epoxidation. The epoxide ring of 5,6α-EC and 5,6β-EC is very stable and 5,6-ECs are prone to hydration by the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase (ChEH) to give cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, which can be further oxidized into oncosterone. 5,6α-EC is prone to chemical and enzymatic conjugation reactions leading to bioactive compounds such as dendrogenins, highlighting the existence of a new metabolic branch on the cholesterol pathway centered on 5,6α-EC. We will summarize in this chapter current knowledge on this pathway which is controlled by the ChEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Medina
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Silia Ayadi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Khadijetou Diallo
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julio Buñay
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laly Pucheu
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Regis Soulès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Record
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Severine Brillouet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Lavinia Vija
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Courbon
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France.
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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3
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Ghosh S, Ghzaiel I, Vejux A, Meaney S, Nag S, Lizard G, Tripathi G, Naez F, Paul S. Impact of Oxysterols in Age-Related Disorders and Strategies to Alleviate Adverse Effects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:163-191. [PMID: 38036880 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols or cholesterol oxidation products are a class of molecules with the sterol moiety, derived from oxidative reaction of cholesterol through enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. They are widely reported in animal-origin foods and prove significant involvement in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, lipid transport, cellular signaling, and other physiological processes. Reports of oxysterol-mediated cytotoxicity are in abundance and thus consequently implicated in several age-related and lifestyle disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, bone disorders, pancreatic disorders, age-related macular degeneration, cataract, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and some types of cancers. In this chapter, we attempt to review a selection of physiologically relevant oxysterols, with a focus on their formation, properties, and roles in health and disease, while also delving into the potential of natural and synthetic molecules along with bacterial enzymes for mitigating oxysterol-mediated cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrima Ghosh
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Anne Vejux
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Steve Meaney
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Garima Tripathi
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Falal Naez
- Department of Microbiology, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Srijita Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Ksila M, Ghzaiel I, Sassi K, Zarrouk A, Leoni V, Poli G, Rezig L, Pires V, Meziane S, Atanasov AG, Hammami S, Hammami M, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Hamdi O, Jouanny P, Samadi M, Vejux A, Ghrairi T, Lizard G. Therapeutic Applications of Oxysterols and Derivatives in Age-Related Diseases, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:379-400. [PMID: 38036890 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols, resulting from the oxidation of cholesterol, are formed either by autoxidation, enzymatically, or by both processes. These molecules, which are provided in more or less important quantities depending on the type of diet, are also formed in the body and their presence is associated with a normal physiological activity. Their increase and decrease at the cellular level and in biological fluids can have significant consequences on health due or not to the interaction of some of these molecules with different types of receptors but also because oxysterols are involved in the regulation of RedOx balance, cytokinic and non-cytokinic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and induction of cell death. Currently, various pathologies such as age-related diseases, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and several cancers are associated with abnormal levels of oxysterols. Due to the important biological activities of oxysterols, their interaction with several receptors and their very likely implications in several diseases, this review focuses on these molecules and on oxysterol derivatives, which are often more efficient, in a therapeutic context. Currently, several oxysterol derivatives are developed and are attracting a lot of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ksila
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Sassi
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Brianza ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Leila Rezig
- University of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, LR11ES26, LIP-MB 'Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules', Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, High Institute of Food Industries, El Khadra City, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vivien Pires
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Smail Meziane
- Institut Européen des Antioxydants (IEA), Neuves-Maisons, France
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
- University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Oumaima Hamdi
- University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Pôle Personnes Agées, CHU de Dijon, Centre de Champmaillot, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Jouanny
- Pôle Personnes Agées, CHU de Dijon, Centre de Champmaillot, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France.
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Olkkonen VM, Gylling H. Oxy- and Phytosterols as Biomarkers: Current Status and Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:353-375. [PMID: 38036889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols and phytosterols are sterol compounds present at markedly low levels in tissues and serum of healthy individuals. A wealth of evidence suggests that they could be employed as biomarkers for human diseases or for cholesterol absorption.An increasing number of reports suggest circulating or tissue oxysterols as putative biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases or cancers. Thus far most of the studies have been carried out on small study populations. To achieve routine biomarker use, large prospective cohort studies are absolutely required. This, again, would necessitate thorough standardization of the oxysterol analytical methodology across the different laboratories, which now employ different technologies resulting in inconsistencies in the measured oxysterol levels. Routine use of oxysterol biomarkers would also necessitate the development of a new targeted analytical methodology suitable for high-throughput platforms.The most important use of phytosterols as biomarkers involves their use as markers for cholesterol absorption. For this to be achieved, (1) their quantitative analyses should be available in routine lipid laboratories, (2) it should be generally acknowledgment that the profile of cholesterol metabolism can reveal the risk of the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), and (3) screening of the profile of cholesterol metabolism should be included in the ASCVD risk surveys. This should be done e.g. in families with a history of early onset or frequent ASCVD and in young adults aged 18-20 years, to exclude the presence of high cholesterol absorption. Individuals in high cholesterol absorption families need preventive measures from young adulthood to inhibit the possible development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Helena Gylling
- Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Panada J, Klopava V, Kulahava T, Koran S, Faletrov Y, Frolova N, Fomina E, Shkumatov V. Differential induction of C6 glioma apoptosis and autophagy by 3β-hydroxysteroid-indolamine conjugates. Steroids 2023; 200:109326. [PMID: 37827441 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In a previous work, we reported the synthesis of four novel indole steroids and their effect on rat C6 glioma proliferation in vitro. The steroid derived from dehydroepiandrosterone and tryptamine (IS-1) was the most active (52 % inhibition at 10 µM), followed by one of the epimers derived from pregnenolone and tryptamine (IS-3, 36 % inhibition at 10 µM). By contrast, the steroid derived from estrone and tryptamine (IS-2) showed negligible activity at 10 µM. No necrosis, increase in intracellular calcium or ROS levels was observed. In this work, the effect of compounds on C6 glioma apoptosis and autophagy is examined by fluorimetry and fluorescent microscopy. The IS-3 epimers disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential and induce apoptosis in vitro moderately whereas IS-1 and IS-2 do not. However, IS-1 produces a large increase in monodansylcadaverine-positive autophagic vesicles over 24 h. The antiproliferative effect of indole steroids is ameliorated by autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine, suggesting an autophagy-dependent mechanism of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Panada
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Valeriya Klopava
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Kulahava
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 11 Babrujskaja str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Siarhei Koran
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 220114, 23 Filimonava str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Yaroslav Faletrov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus; Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 220050, 4 Independence ave., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nina Frolova
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena Fomina
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 220114, 23 Filimonava str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir Shkumatov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus; Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 220050, 4 Independence ave., Minsk, Belarus.
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Bai W. The combined characteristics of cholesterol metabolism and the immune microenvironment may serve as valuable biomarkers for both the prognosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22885. [PMID: 38125426 PMCID: PMC10730758 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being a complex disease, commonly exhibits multifaceted presentations, rendering its treatment challenging and necessitating specific approaches. The tumor immune microenvironment is crucial in cancer treatment, and cholesterol metabolism is a key component that helps cells grow and produce vital metabolites. However, the reprogramming of cholesterol metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can promote HCC development, and cancer classifiers relating to cholesterol metabolism are currently limited. Despite significant progress, further research is needed to improve early detection, liver function, and treatment options to improve patient outcomes. Methods To evaluate the expression abundance of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and cholesterol metabolism in 8 types of liver cancer cells, we comprehensively evaluated the immune cell composition, extracellular matrix alterations, and activity of relevant signaling pathways in the TIME through nine liver cancer patients, stromal scoring, immune scoring, tumor purity scoring, immune infiltration analysis, and pathway enrichment. Subsequently, we utilized machine learning techniques to construct prognostic models for both cholesterol metabolism and the tumor immune microenvironment, further exploring the tumor mutation burden, immune infiltration levels, and drug sensitivity in different subtypes of HCC patients. Results Our study constructed three cancer screening models to identify HCC patients with high cholesterol metabolism and low TIME, who have a poorer prognosis. On the contrary, patients with low cholesterol metabolism and high TIME often have better prognosis. Furthermore, we identified chemical compounds, such as BPD-00008900, ML323, Doramapimod, and AZD2014, which display better chemotherapy results for high-risk patients in specific sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Bai
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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Ben Hassen C, Goupille C, Vigor C, Durand T, Guéraud F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, Frank PG. Is cholesterol a risk factor for breast cancer incidence and outcome? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106346. [PMID: 37321513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays important roles in many physiological processes, including cell membrane structure and function, hormone synthesis, and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. The role of cholesterol in breast cancer is complex, and some studies have suggested that elevated cholesterol levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, while others have found no significant association. On the other hand, other studies have shown that, for total cholesterol and plasma HDL-associated cholesterol levels, there was inverse association with breast cancer risk. One possible mechanism by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk is as a key precursor of estrogen. Other potential mechanisms by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk include its role in inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been linked to cancer progression. Cholesterol has also been shown to play a role in signaling pathways regulating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, recent studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism can generate tumor promoters such as cholesteryl esters, oncosterone, 27-hydroxycholesterol but also tumor suppressor metabolites such as dendrogenin A. This review summarizes some of the most important clinical studies that have evaluated the role of cholesterol or its derivatives in breast cancer. It also addresses the role of cholesterol and its derivatives at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; Department of Gynecology, CHRU Hôpital Bretonneau, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRAE, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; SGS Health and Nutrition, Saint Benoît, France.
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9
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Deshwal S, Baidya AT, Kumar R, Sandhir R. Structure-based virtual screening for identification of potential non-steroidal LXR modulators against neurodegenerative conditions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 223:106150. [PMID: 35787453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate cholesterol metabolism. LXRs have been suggested as promising targets against many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The present study was aimed to identify novel non-steroidal molecules that may potentially modulate LXR activity. The structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) was used to search for suitable compounds from the Asinex library. The top hits were selected and filtered based on their binding affinity for LXR α and β isoforms. Based on molecular docking and scoring results, 24 compounds were selected that had binding energy in the range of - 13.9 to - 12 for LXRα and - 12.5 to - 11 for LXRβ, which were higher than the reference ligands (GW3965 and TO901317). Further, the five hits referred to as model 29, 64, 202, 250, 313 were selected by virtue of their binding interactions with amino acid residues at the active site of LXRs. The selected hits were then subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis and blood-brain permeability prediction. It was observed that the selected hits had better pharmacokinetic properties with no toxicity and could cross blood-brain barrier. Further, the selected hits were analysed for dynamic evolution of the system with LXRs by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at 100 ns using GROMACS. The MD simulation results validated that selected hits possess a remarkable amount of flexibility, stability, compactness, binding energy and exhibited limited conformational modification. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) values of the top-scoring hits complexed with LXRα and LXRβ were 0.05-0.6 nm and 0.05-0.45 nm respectively, which is greater than the protein itself. Altogether the study identified potential non-steroidal LXR modulators that appear to be effective against various neurodegenerative conditions involving perturbed cholesterol and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Deshwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences, Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Anurag Tk Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences, Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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10
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Deng S, Chen B, Huo J, Liu X. Therapeutic potential of NR4A1 in cancer: Focus on metabolism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972984. [PMID: 36052242 PMCID: PMC9424640 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a vital hallmark of cancer, and it provides the necessary energy and biological materials to support the continuous proliferation and survival of tumor cells. NR4A1 is belonging to nuclear subfamily 4 (NR4A) receptors. NR4A1 plays diverse roles in many tumors, including melanoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and hepatocellular cancer, to regulate cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis. Recent reports shown that NR4A1 exhibits unique metabolic regulating effects in cancers. This receptor was first found to mediate glycolysis via key enzymes glucose transporters (GLUTs), hexokinase 2 (HK2), fructose phosphate kinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK). Then its functions extended to fatty acid synthesis by modulating CD36, fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), glutamine by Myc, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and hypoxia-inducible factors alpha (HIF-1α), respectively. In addition, NR4A1 is involving in amino acid metabolism and tumor immunity by metabolic processes. More and more NR4A1 ligands are found to participate in tumor metabolic reprogramming, suggesting that regulating NR4A1 by novel ligands is a promising approach to alter metabolism signaling pathways in cancer therapy. Basic on this, this review highlighted the diverse metabolic roles of NR4A1 in cancers, which provides vital references for the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Deng
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Materials Science and Devices Institute, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiege Huo
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Liu, ; Jiege Huo,
| | - Xin Liu
- Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Liu, ; Jiege Huo,
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11
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Mok EHK, Leung CON, Zhou L, Lei MML, Leung HW, Tong M, Wong TL, Lau EYT, Ng IOL, Ding J, Yun JP, Yu J, Zhu HL, Lin CH, Lindholm D, Leung KS, Cybulski JD, Baker DM, Ma S, Lee TKW. Caspase-3-induced activation of SREBP2 drives drug resistance via promotion of cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3102-3115. [PMID: 35767704 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that drug resistance can be acquired in cancer through the repopulation of tumors by cancer stem cell (CSC) expansion. Here, we investigated mechanisms driving resistance and CSC repopulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a cancer model using two drug-resistant, patient-derived tumor xenografts that mimicked the development of acquired resistance to sorafenib or lenvatinib treatment observed in HCC patients. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that cholesterol biosynthesis was most commonly enriched in the drug-resistant xenografts. Comparison of the genetic profiles of CD133+ stem cells and CD133- bulk cells from liver regeneration and HCC mouse models showed that the cholesterol pathway was preferentially upregulated in liver CSCs compared to normal liver stem cells. Consistently, SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis was crucial for the augmentation of liver CSCs, and loss of SREBP2 conferred sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, suggesting a role in regulation of acquired drug resistance in HCC. Similarly, exogenous cholesterol-treated HCC cells showed enhanced cancer stemness abilities and drug resistance. Mechanistically, caspase-3 (CASP3)-mediated cleavage of SREBP2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to promote cholesterol biosynthesis, which consequently caused resistance to sorafenib/lenvatinib treatment by driving activation of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Simvastatin, an FDA-approved cholesterol-lowering drug, not only suppressed HCC tumor growth but also sensitized HCC cells to sorafenib. These findings demonstrate that CSC populations in HCC expand via CASP3-dependent, SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and that targeting cholesterol biosynthesis can overcome acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Ho Kit Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Oi Ning Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Martina Mang Leng Lei
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Wing Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Man Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tin Lok Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Irene Oi Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jin Ding
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Lian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Ho Lin
- Centre for PanorOmic Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kit Sum Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan D Cybulski
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David M Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terence Kin Wah Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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12
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Oxysterols are potential physiological regulators of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101615. [PMID: 35351610 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delaying and even reversing ageing is a major public health challenge with a tremendous potential to postpone a plethora of diseases including cancer, metabolic syndromes and neurodegenerative disorders. A better understanding of ageing as well as the development of innovative anti-ageing strategies are therefore an increasingly important field of research. Several biological processes including inflammation, proteostasis, epigenetic, oxidative stress, stem cell exhaustion, senescence and stress adaptive response have been reported for their key role in ageing. In this review, we describe the relationships that have been established between cholesterol homeostasis, in particular at the level of oxysterols, and ageing. Initially considered as harmful pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic metabolites, oxysterols are currently emerging as an expanding family of fine regulators of various biological processes involved in ageing. Indeed, depending of their chemical structure and their concentration, oxysterols exhibit deleterious or beneficial effects on inflammation, oxidative stress and cell survival. In addition, stem cell differentiation, epigenetics, cellular senescence and proteostasis are also modulated by oxysterols. Altogether, these data support the fact that ageing is influenced by an oxysterol profile. Further studies are thus required to explore more deeply the impact of the "oxysterome" on ageing and therefore this cholesterol metabolic pathway constitutes a promising target for future anti-ageing interventions.
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13
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Panada JU, Klopava VA, Kulahava TA, Faletrov YV, Frolova NS, Koran SV, Fomina EG, Shkumatov VM. [Influence of N-alkynylaminosteroids on mitochondria function and autophagy in glioma cells]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:126-133. [PMID: 35485486 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226802126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work we examined the synthesized N-alkynyl-17-aminosteroids and N-alkynyl-20-aminosteroids (based on dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone, respectively) for their effect on C6 rat glioma cell functions. At 10 μM, the compounds had an insignificant effect on C6 glioma mitochondrial membrane potential, but increased cell autophagy by 70-90%, comparable to the known autophagy inducer dexamethasone. Docking simulations predict a potential high-affinity interaction between N-alkynylaminosteroids and Keap1 and the Hedgehog pathway protein, Smoothened, which are involved in autophagy regulation. The possible mechanisms of observed processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J U Panada
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - V A Klopava
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - T A Kulahava
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Y V Faletrov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - N S Frolova
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - S V Koran
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - E G Fomina
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - V M Shkumatov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
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14
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Thorne JL, Cioccoloni G. Nuclear Receptors and Lipid Sensing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:83-105. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Lianto P, Hutchinson SA, Moore JB, Hughes TA, Thorne JL. Characterization and prognostic value of LXR splice variants in triple-negative breast cancer. iScience 2021; 24:103212. [PMID: 34755086 PMCID: PMC8560626 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity of liver x receptor (LXR), the homeostatic regulator of cholesterol metabolism, is elevated in triple-negative breast cancer (BCa) relative to other BCa subtypes, driving drug resistance and metastatic gene signatures. The loci encoding LXRα and LXRβ produce multiple alternatively spliced proteins, but the true range of variants and their relevance to cancer remain poorly defined. Here, we report seven LXR splice variants, three of which have not previously been reported and five that were prognostic for disease-free survival. Expression of full-length LXRα splice variants was associated with poor prognosis, consistent with a role as an oncogenic driver of triple-negative tumor pathophysiology. Contrary to this was the observation that high expression of truncated LXRα splice variants or any LXRβ splice variant was associated with longer survival. These findings indicate that LXR isoform abundance is an important aspect of understanding the link between dysregulated cholesterol metabolism and cancer pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilia Lianto
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - James L. Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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16
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Zou H, Yang N, Zhang X, Chen HW. RORγ is a context-specific master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis and an emerging therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114725. [PMID: 34384758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the form of elevated cholesterol biosynthesis and dysregulated efflux and metabolism is well recognized as a major feature of metabolic reprogramming in solid tumors. Recent studies have emphasized on major drivers and regulators such as Myc, mutant p53, SREBP2, LXRs and oncogenic signaling pathways that play crucial roles in tumor cholesterol metabolic reprogramming. Therapeutics such as statins targeting the mevalonate pathway were tried at the clinic without showing consistent benefits to cancer patients. Nuclear receptors are prominent regulators of mammalian metabolism. Their de-regulation often drives tumorigenesis. RORγ and its immune cell-specific isoform RORγt play important functions in control of mammalian metabolism, circadian rhythm and immune responses. Although RORγ, together with its closely related members RORα and RORβ were identified initially as orphan receptors, recent studies strongly support the conclusion that specific intermediates and metabolites of cholesterol pathways serve as endogenous ligands of RORγ. More recent studies also reveal a critical role of RORγ in tumorigenesis through major oncogenic pathways including acting a new master-like regulator of tumor cholesterol biosynthesis program. Importantly, an increasing number of RORγ orthosteric and allosteric ligands are being identified that display potent activities in blocking tumor growth and autoimmune disorders in preclinical models. This review summarizes the recent preclinical and clinical progress on RORγ with emphasis on its role in reprogramming tumor cholesterol metabolism and its regulation. It will also discuss RORγ functional mechanisms, context-specificity and its value as a therapeutic target for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nianxin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA.
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17
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González-Ortiz A, Galindo-Hernández O, Hernández-Acevedo GN, Hurtado-Ureta G, García-González V. Impact of cholesterol-pathways on breast cancer development, a metabolic landscape. J Cancer 2021; 12:4307-4321. [PMID: 34093831 PMCID: PMC8176427 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoB-lipoproteins and their components modulate intracellular metabolism and have been associated with the development of neoplastic phenomena, such as proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer invasion. In cancer cells, the modulation of targets that regulate cholesterol metabolism, such as synthesis de novo, endocytosis, and oxidation, are contributing factors to cancer development. While mechanisms associated with sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2)/mevalonate, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and liver X receptor (LXR) have been linked with tumor growth; metabolites derived from cholesterol-oxidation, such as oxysterols and epoxy-cholesterols, also have been described as tumor processes-inducers. From this notion, we perform an analysis of the role of lipoproteins, their association with intracellular cholesterol metabolism, and the impact of these conditions on breast cancer development, mechanisms that can be shared during atherogenesis promoted mainly by LDL. Pathways connecting plasma dyslipidemias in conjunction with the effect of cholesterol-derived metabolites on intracellular mechanisms and cellular plasticity phenomena could provide new approaches to elucidate the triggering factors of carcinogenesis, conditions that could be considered in the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina González-Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Octavio Galindo-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Gerson N Hernández-Acevedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Gustavo Hurtado-Ureta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
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18
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Vladimirov S, Gojkovic T, Zeljkovic A, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Zeljkovic D, Antonic T, Trifunovic B, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V. Can non-cholesterol sterols indicate the presence of specific dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in patients with colorectal cancer? Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114595. [PMID: 33964280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy. Previous studies suggested that cholesterol might play a signficant role in malignant transformation and proliferation. Non-cholesterol sterols (NCS), which are transported by serum lipoproteins alongside cholesterol, are regarded as cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers. Quantification of NCS in serum and HDL fraction (NCSHDL), could provide a better insight into the cholesterol metabolism. The aim of this study was to examine the status of cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol absorption markers in serum and HDL fraction and explore their interrelation in CRC patients. Current study was designed as observational, case-control study. The study included 73 CRC patients and 95 healthy subjects. NCS and NCSHDL concentrations were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Based on NCS and NCSHDL concentrations, different cholesterol homeostasis indices were calculated. Patients had significantly lower NCS (P<0.001) and NCSHDL concentrations (P<0.001 for desmosterolHDL; P<0.05 for lathosterolHDL, P=0.001 for campesterolHDL, P<0.001 for β-sitosterolHDL). NCSHDL/NCS (P<0.005 for desmosterolHDL/desmosterol; P<0.05 for lathosterolHDL/lathosterol; P<0.001 for both β-sitosterolHDL/β-sitosterol and campesterolHDL/campesterol) and synthesis to absorption ratio (CSI/CAI) (P<0.005) were increased in CRC patients. Additionally, low serum concentrations of desmosterol (P<0.001; OR=0.329; 95%CI (0.199-0.542)) and campesterol (P<0.001; OR=0.540; 95%CI (0.424-0.687)) were independent predictors of CRC presence. Our data suggest that cholesterol homeostasis in CRC is shifted towards increased synthesis. Relative abundance of NCS in HDL particles is increased, suggesting the possible overproduction of cholesterol precursors in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vladimirov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Gojkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zorana Jelic-Ivanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dejan Zeljkovic
- Clinic for General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, 17 Crnotravska St, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Antonic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bratislav Trifunovic
- Clinic for General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, 17 Crnotravska St, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Spasojevic-Kalimanovska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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19
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Noureddine LM, Trédan O, Hussein N, Badran B, Le Romancer M, Poulard C. Glucocorticoid Receptor: A Multifaceted Actor in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094446. [PMID: 33923160 PMCID: PMC8123001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Even though the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is extensively documented in the development of breast tumors, other members of the nuclear receptor family have emerged as important players. Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (dex) are commonly used in BC for their antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, as well as energy and appetite stimulating properties, and to manage the side effects of chemotherapy. However, dex triggers different effects depending on the BC subtype. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is also an important marker in BC, as high GR expression is correlated with a poor and good prognosis in ERα-negative and ERα-positive BCs, respectively. Indeed, though it drives the expression of pro-tumorigenic genes in ERα-negative BCs and is involved in resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis formation, dex inhibits estrogen-mediated cell proliferation in ERα-positive BCs. Recently, a new natural ligand for GR called OCDO was identified. OCDO is a cholesterol metabolite with oncogenic properties, triggering mammary cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent data on GR signaling and its involvement in tumoral breast tissue, via its different ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Malik Noureddine
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Centre Leon Bérard, Oncology Department, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nader Hussein
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-478-786-663; Fax: +33-478-782-720
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20
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Hutchinson SA, Websdale A, Cioccoloni G, Røberg-Larsen H, Lianto P, Kim B, Rose A, Soteriou C, Pramanik A, Wastall LM, Williams BJ, Henn MA, Chen JJ, Ma L, Moore JB, Nelson E, Hughes TA, Thorne JL. Liver x receptor alpha drives chemoresistance in response to side-chain hydroxycholesterols in triple negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:2872-2883. [PMID: 33742124 PMCID: PMC8062267 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is challenging to treat successfully because targeted therapies do not exist. Instead, systemic therapy is typically restricted to cytotoxic chemotherapy, which fails more often in patients with elevated circulating cholesterol. Liver x receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors that are homeostatic regulators of cholesterol, and are linked to regulation of broad-affinity xenobiotic transporter activity in non-tumor tissues. We show that LXR ligands confer chemotherapy resistance in TNBC cell lines and xenografts, and that LXRalpha is necessary and sufficient to mediate this resistance. Furthermore, in TNBC patients who had cancer recurrences, LXRalpha and ligands were independent markers of poor prognosis and correlated with P-glycoprotein expression. However, in patients who survived their disease, LXRalpha signaling and P-glycoprotein were decoupled. These data reveal a novel chemotherapy resistance mechanism in this poor prognosis subtype of breast cancer. We conclude that systemic chemotherapy failure in some TNBC patients is caused by co-opting the LXRalpha:P-glycoprotein axis, a pathway highly targetable by therapies that are already used for prevention and treatment of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Hutchinson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alex Websdale
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Priscilia Lianto
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Baek Kim
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Ailsa Rose
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Chrysa Soteriou
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Madeline A Henn
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Joy J Chen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Liqian Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Erik Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas A Hughes
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,Leeds Breast Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - James L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,Leeds Breast Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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21
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Zhao Y, Li ZF, Zhang D, Wang ZY, Wang L. Quercetin alleviates Cadmium-induced autophagy inhibition via TFEB-dependent lysosomal restoration in primary proximal tubular cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111743. [PMID: 33396069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy dysregulation plays a pivotal role in cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity. Quercetin (Qu), a flavonoid antioxidant with autophagy-enhancing effect, has protective effect on Cd-induced toxicity, but whether it can prevent Cd-induced nephrotoxicity via restoration of autophagy remains unknown. Here, primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells were exposed to Cd and/or Qu in vitro to clarify this issue. Data first showed that Cd-impaired autophagic flux was markedly alleviated by Qu, including decreased levels of autophagy marker proteins and recovery of autophagosome-lysosome fusion targeted for lysosomes. Meanwhile, Cd-induced lysosomal alkalization due to v-ATPases inhibition was prominently recovered by Qu. Accordingly, Qu enhanced Cd-diminished lysosomal degradation capacity and lysosome-related gene transcription levels. Notably, Qu improved Cd-inhibited TFEB nuclear translocation and its gene transcription level. Furthermore, data showed that the restoration of Cd-impaired autophagy-lysosome pathway and resultant alleviation of cytotoxicity by Qu are TFEB-dependent using TFEB gene silencing and overexpression technologies. In summary, these data provide novel evidences that the protective action of Qu against Cd-induced autophagy inhibition is attributed to its restoration of lysosomal dysfunction, which is dependent on TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Zi-Fa Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan City, Shandong Province 250022, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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22
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Buñay J, Fouache A, Trousson A, de Joussineau C, Bouchareb E, Zhu Z, Kocer A, Morel L, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA. Screening for liver X receptor modulators: Where are we and for what use? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3277-3293. [PMID: 33080050 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that are canonically activated by oxidized derivatives of cholesterol. Since the mid-90s, numerous groups have identified LXRs as endocrine receptors that are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions. As a result, when their expression is genetically modified in mice, phenotypic analyses reveal endocrine disorders ranging from infertility to diabetes and obesity, nervous system pathologies such Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, immunological disturbances, inflammatory response, and enhancement of tumour development. Based on such findings, it appears that LXRs could constitute good pharmacological targets to prevent and/or to treat these diseases. This review discusses the various aspects of LXR drug discovery, from the tools available for the screening of potential LXR modulators to the current situational analysis of the drugs in development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Buñay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erwan Bouchareb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zhekun Zhu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvere Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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23
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Kloudova-Spalenkova A, Holy P, Soucek P. Oxysterols in cancer management: From therapy to biomarkers. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3235-3247. [PMID: 32986851 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, both endogenous and exogenous. They have been implicated in numerous pathologies, including cancer. In addition to their roles in carcinogenesis, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and multiple signalling pathways, they have been shown to modulate cancer therapy. They are known to affect therapy of hormonally positive breast cancer through modulating oestrogen receptor activity. Oxysterols have also been shown in various in vitro models to influence efficacy of chemotherapeutics, such as doxorubicin, vincristine, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and others. Their effects on the immune system should also be considered in immunotherapy. Selective anti-cancer cytotoxic properties of some oxysterols make them candidates for new therapeutic molecules. Finally, differences in oxysterol levels in blood of cancer patients in different stages or versus healthy controls, and in tumour versus non-tumour tissues, show potential of oxysterols as biomarkers for cancer management and patient stratification for optimization of therapy. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Kloudova-Spalenkova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holy
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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24
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Mouchel PL, Serhan N, Betous R, Farge T, Saland E, De Medina P, Hoffmann JS, Sarry JE, Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S, Récher C. Dendrogenin A Enhances Anti-Leukemic Effect of Anthracycline in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102933. [PMID: 33053669 PMCID: PMC7601603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, several molecules have improved the clinical outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Despite these recent advances, their prognosis remains poor and new strategies to improve the standard anthracycline and Ara-C-based chemotherapy are needed. We recently published that dendrogenin A (DDA), a mammalian cholesterol metabolite with tumor-suppressor properties, can potentiate the effect of Ara-C to kill AML cells. In this study, we find that DDA can also potentiate anthracycline against AML. The potentiation of Ara-C by DDA is due to a switch from a protective autophagy to a deadly autophagy. Regarding anthracyclines, the potentiation of daunorubicin is caused by the modulation of the efflux by the PgP pump, and that of idarubicin, to an increase in DNA damage and to the induction of a rapid and lethal autophagy. This is caused by rapid modulation of AKT/mTOR and JNK activity, two major pathways involved both in DNA repair and lethal autophagy. Abstract Dendrogenin A (DDA), a mammalian cholesterol metabolite with tumor suppressor properties, has recently been shown to exhibit strong anti-leukemic activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by triggering lethal autophagy. Here, we demonstrated that DDA synergistically enhanced the toxicity of anthracyclines in AML cells but not in normal hematopoietic cells. Combination index of DDA treatment with either daunorubicin or idarubicin indicated a strong synergism in KG1a, KG1 and MV4-11 cell lines. This was confirmed in vivo using immunodeficient mice engrafted with MOLM-14 cells as well as in a panel of 20 genetically diverse AML patient samples. This effect was dependent on Liver X Receptor β, a major target of DDA. Furthermore, DDA plus idarubicin strongly increased p53BP1 expression and the number of DNA strand breaks in alkaline comet assays as compared to idarubicin alone, whereas DDA alone was non-genotoxic. Mechanistically, DDA induced JNK phosphorylation and the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation, thereby maximizing DNA damage induced by idarubicin and decreasing DNA repair. This activated autophagic cell death machinery in AML cells. Overall, this study shows that the combination of DDA and idarubicin is highly promising and supports clinical trials of dendrogenin A in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Luc Mouchel
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, 31059 Toulouse, France;
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (T.F.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.)
| | - Nizar Serhan
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (T.F.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.)
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations”, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Inserm-Université de Toulouse 3, Equipe labellisée par la ligue contre le cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France;
| | - Rémy Betous
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France;
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d’Excellence Toulouse Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Farge
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (T.F.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.)
| | - Estelle Saland
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (T.F.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.)
| | | | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Oncopole, 31037 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (T.F.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.)
| | - Marc Poirot
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations”, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Inserm-Université de Toulouse 3, Equipe labellisée par la ligue contre le cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations”, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Inserm-Université de Toulouse 3, Equipe labellisée par la ligue contre le cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France;
| | - Christian Récher
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, 31059 Toulouse, France;
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (T.F.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (C.R.)
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25
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Role of cholesterol metabolism in the anticancer pharmacology of selective estrogen receptor modulators. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:101-115. [PMID: 32931953 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of compounds that bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) and possess estrogen agonist or antagonist actions in different tissues. As such, they are widely used drugs. For instance, tamoxifen, the most prescribed SERM, is used to treat ERα-positive breast cancer. Aside from their therapeutic targets, SERMs have the capacity to broadly affect cellular cholesterol metabolism and handling, mainly through ER-independent mechanisms. Cholesterol metabolism reprogramming is crucial to meet the needs of cancer cells, and different key processes involved in cholesterol homeostasis have been associated with cancer progression. Therefore, the effects of SERMs on cholesterol homeostasis may be relevant to carcinogenesis, either by contributing to the anticancer efficacy of these compounds or, conversely, by promoting resistance to treatment. Understanding these aspects of SERMs actions could help to design more efficacious therapies. Herein we review the effects of SERMs on cellular cholesterol metabolism and handling and discuss their potential in anticancer pharmacology.
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26
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Ma L, Wang L, Nelson AT, Han C, He S, Henn MA, Menon K, Chen JJ, Baek AE, Vardanyan A, Shahoei SH, Park S, Shapiro DJ, Nanjappa SG, Nelson ER. 27-Hydroxycholesterol acts on myeloid immune cells to induce T cell dysfunction, promoting breast cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:266-283. [PMID: 32861706 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the US. Elevated cholesterol is a major risk factor for breast cancer onset and recurrence, while cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as statins, are associated with a good prognosis. Previous work in murine models showed that cholesterol increases breast cancer metastasis, and the pro-metastatic effects of cholesterol were due to its primary metabolite, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC). In our prior work, myeloid cells were found to be required for the pro-metastatic effects of 27HC, but their precise contribution remains unclear. Here we report that 27HC impairs T cell expansion and cytotoxic function through its actions on myeloid cells, including macrophages, in a Liver X receptor (LXR) dependent manner. Many oxysterols and LXR ligands had similar effects on T cell expansion. Moreover, their ability to induce the LXR target gene ABCA1 was associated with their effectiveness in impairing T cell expansion. Induction of T cell apoptosis was likely one mediator of this impairment. Interestingly, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of 27HC, CYP27A1, is highly expressed in myeloid cells, suggesting that 27HC may have important autocrine or paracrine functions in these cells, a hypothesis supported by our finding that breast cancer metastasis was reduced in mice with a myeloid specific knockout of CYP27A1. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of CYP27A1 reduced metastatic growth and improved the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD-L1. Taken together, our work suggests that targeting the CYP27A1 axis in myeloid cells may present therapeutic benefits and improve the response rate to immune therapies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; University of Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Adam T Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Chaeyeon Han
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sisi He
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Madeline A Henn
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Karan Menon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joy J Chen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Amy E Baek
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anna Vardanyan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sayyed Hamed Shahoei
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sunghee Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David J Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Som G Nanjappa
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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27
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de Medina P, Diallo K, Huc-Claustre E, Attia M, Soulès R, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. The 5,6-epoxycholesterol metabolic pathway in breast cancer: Emergence of new pharmacological targets. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3248-3260. [PMID: 32696532 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways have emerged as cornerstones in carcinogenic deregulation providing new therapeutic strategies for cancer management. Recently, a new branch of cholesterol metabolism has been discovered involving the biochemical transformation of 5,6-epoxycholesterols (5,6-ECs). The 5,6-ECs are metabolized in breast cancers to the tumour promoter oncosterone whereas, in normal breast tissue, they are metabolized to the tumour suppressor metabolite, dendrogenin A (DDA). Blocking the mitogenic and invasive potential of oncosterone will present new opportunities for breast cancer treatment. The reactivation of DDA biosynthesis, or its use as a drug, represents promising therapeutic approaches such as DDA-deficiency complementation, activation of breast cancer cell re-differentiation and breast cancer chemoprevention. This review presents current knowledge of the 5,6-EC metabolic pathway in breast cancer, focusing on the 5,6-EC metabolic enzymes ChEH and HSD11B2 and on 5,6-EC metabolite targets, the oxysterol receptor (LXRβ) and the glucocorticoid receptor. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Medina
- UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations"; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, The French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), INSERM-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Khadijetou Diallo
- UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations"; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, The French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), INSERM-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Huc-Claustre
- UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations"; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, The French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), INSERM-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mehdi Attia
- UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations"; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, The French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), INSERM-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Régis Soulès
- UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations"; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, The French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), INSERM-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations"; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, The French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), INSERM-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations"; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, The French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), INSERM-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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28
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Serhan N, Mouchel PL, de Medina P, Segala G, Mougel A, Saland E, Rives A, Lamaziere A, Despres G, Sarry JE, Larrue C, Vergez F, Largeaud L, Record M, Récher C, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. Dendrogenin A synergizes with Cytarabine to Kill Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071725. [PMID: 32610562 PMCID: PMC7407291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrogenin A (DDA) is a mammalian cholesterol metabolite that displays potent antitumor properties on acute myeloid leukemia (AML). DDA triggers lethal autophagy in cancer cells through a biased activation of the oxysterol receptor LXRβ, and the inhibition of a sterol isomerase. We hypothesize that DDA could potentiate the activity of an anticancer drug acting through a different molecular mechanism, and conducted in vitro and in vivo combination tests on AML cell lines and patient primary tumors. We report here results from tests combining DDA with antimetabolite cytarabine (Ara-C), one of the main drugs used for AML treatment worldwide. We demonstrated that DDA potentiated and sensitized AML cells, including primary patient samples, to Ara-C in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that this sensitization was LXRβ-dependent and was due to the activation of lethal autophagy. This study demonstrates a positive in vitro and in vivo interaction between DDA and Ara-C, and supports the clinical evaluation of DDA in combination with Ara-C for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Serhan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Université de Toulouse, Team Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (P.d.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Pierre-Luc Mouchel
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Team Drug Resistance and Oncometabolism in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 31037 Toulouse, France; (P.-L.M.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.); (C.L.)
- Service d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France; (F.V.); (L.L.)
| | - Philippe de Medina
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Université de Toulouse, Team Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (P.d.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Gregory Segala
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Université de Toulouse, Team Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (P.d.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Aurélie Mougel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Université de Toulouse, Team Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (P.d.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Estelle Saland
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Team Drug Resistance and Oncometabolism in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 31037 Toulouse, France; (P.-L.M.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Arnaud Rives
- AFFICHEM, 31400 Toulouse, France;
- Dendrogenix, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antonin Lamaziere
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ERL 1157, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7203 LBM, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC, CHU Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; (A.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Gaëtan Despres
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ERL 1157, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7203 LBM, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC, CHU Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; (A.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Team Drug Resistance and Oncometabolism in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 31037 Toulouse, France; (P.-L.M.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Clément Larrue
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Team Drug Resistance and Oncometabolism in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 31037 Toulouse, France; (P.-L.M.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.); (C.L.)
| | - François Vergez
- Service d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France; (F.V.); (L.L.)
| | - Laetitia Largeaud
- Service d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France; (F.V.); (L.L.)
| | - Michel Record
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Université de Toulouse, Team Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (P.d.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Christian Récher
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Team Drug Resistance and Oncometabolism in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 31037 Toulouse, France; (P.-L.M.); (E.S.); (J.-E.S.); (C.L.)
- Service d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France; (F.V.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (S.S.-P.); (M.P.); Tel.: +33-5-31-15-63-55 (C.R.); +33-5-82-74-16-28 (S.S.-P.); +33-5-82-74-16-26 (M.P.)
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Université de Toulouse, Team Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (P.d.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (S.S.-P.); (M.P.); Tel.: +33-5-31-15-63-55 (C.R.); +33-5-82-74-16-28 (S.S.-P.); +33-5-82-74-16-26 (M.P.)
| | - Marc Poirot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Université de Toulouse, Team Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.S.); (P.d.M.); (G.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (S.S.-P.); (M.P.); Tel.: +33-5-31-15-63-55 (C.R.); +33-5-82-74-16-28 (S.S.-P.); +33-5-82-74-16-26 (M.P.)
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Ben Hassen C, Gutierrez-Pajares JL, Guimaraes C, Guibon R, Pinault M, Fromont G, Frank PG. Apolipoprotein-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism induces distinctive effects in different types of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:38. [PMID: 32321558 PMCID: PMC7178965 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highest incidence of breast cancer is in the Western world. Several aspects of the Western lifestyle are known risk factors for breast cancer. In particular, previous studies have shown that cholesterol levels can play an important role in the regulation of tumor progression. METHODS In the present study, we modulated cholesterol metabolism in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 using a genetic approach. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) were expressed in these cell lines to modulate cholesterol metabolism. The effects of these apolipoproteins on cancer cell properties were examined. RESULTS Our results show that both apolipoproteins can regulate cholesterol metabolism and can control the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. However, these effects were different depending on the cell type. We show that expressing apoA-I or apoE stimulates proliferation, migration, and tumor growth of MCF-7 cells. However, apoA-I or apoE reduces proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that modulating sterol metabolism may be most effective at limiting tumor progression in models of triple-negative cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roseline Guibon
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Tours-University of Tours, Tours, 37032, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Fromont
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Tours-University of Tours, Tours, 37032, France
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30
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Griffiths WJ, Wang Y. Oxysterols as lipid mediators: Their biosynthetic genes, enzymes and metabolites. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 147:106381. [PMID: 31698146 PMCID: PMC7081179 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathways of oxysterol biosynthesis. Pathways of oxysterol metabolism. Oxysterols as bioactive molecules. Disorders of oxysterol metabolism.
There is growing evidence that oxysterols are more than simple metabolites in the pathway from cholesterol to bile acids. Recent data has shown oxysterols to be ligands to nuclear receptors and to G protein-coupled receptors, modulators of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and regulators of cholesterol biosynthesis. In this mini-review we will discuss the biosynthetic mechanisms for the formation of different oxysterols and the implication of disruption of these mechanisms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
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31
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Soulès R, Audouard-Combe F, Huc-Claustre E, de Medina P, Rives A, Chatelut E, Dalenc F, Franchet C, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, Allal B. A fast UPLC-HILIC method for an accurate quantification of dendrogenin A in human tissues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105447. [PMID: 31415823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendrogenin A (DDA) is a newly-discovered steroidal alkaloid, which remains to date the first ever found in mammals. DDA is a cholesterol metabolites that induces cancer cell differentiation and death in vitro and in vivo, and thus behave like a tumor suppressor metabolite. Preliminary studies performed on 10 patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancers (ER(+)BC) showed a strong decrease in DDA levels between normal matched tissue and tumors. This suggests that a deregulation on DDA metabolism is associated with breast carcinogenesis. To further investigate DDA metabolism on large cohorts of patients we have developed an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) procedure for the quantification of DDA in liquid and in solid tissues. This method enabled the identification of DDA analogues such as its geometric isomer C17 and dendrogenin B (C26) in human samples showing that other 5,6α-epoxycholesterol conjugation products with biogenic amines exist as endogenous metabolites . We report here the first complete method of quantification of DDA in liquid and solid tissues using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Two different methods of extraction using either a Bligh and Dyer organic extraction or protein precipitation were successfully applied to quantify DDA in solid and liquid tissues. The protein precipitation method was the fastest. The fact that this method is automatable opens up possibilities to study DDA metabolism in large cohorts of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Soulès
- Team « Cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic innovations », Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | | | - Emilie Huc-Claustre
- Team « Cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic innovations », Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Philippe de Medina
- Team « Cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic innovations », Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Arnaud Rives
- Affichem, Toulouse, France; Dendrogenix, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Chatelut
- Team "Dose individualization of anticancer drugs », Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Team « Cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic innovations », Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Franchet
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Team « Cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic innovations », Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Team « Cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic innovations », Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France.
| | - Ben Allal
- Team "Dose individualization of anticancer drugs », Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.
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32
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Bauriaud-Mallet M, Vija-Racaru L, Brillouet S, Mallinger A, de Medina P, Rives A, Payre B, Poirot M, Courbon F, Silvente-Poirot S. The cholesterol-derived metabolite dendrogenin A functionally reprograms breast adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 192:105390. [PMID: 31170473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendrogenin A (DDA) is a tumor suppressor mammalian cholesterol-derived metabolite and a new class of ligand of the Liver X receptor (LXR), which displays tumor cell differentiation. In human MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, DDA-induced cell differentiation was associated with an increased accumulation of neutral lipids and proteins found in milk indicating that DDA re-activates some functions of lactating cells. Active iodide transport occurs in the normal lactating mammary cells through the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and iodide (I) is secreted into milk to be used by the nursing newborn for thyroid hormones biosynthesis. In the present study, we assessed whether DDA may induce other characteristic of lactating cells such as NIS expression and iodine uptake in MCF7 breast cancer cells and extended this study to the papillary B-CPAP and undifferentiated anaplastic 8505c thyroid cancer cells. Moreover, we evaluated DDA impact on the expression of thyroid specific proteins involved in thyroid hormone biogenesis. We report here that DDA induces NIS expression in MCF7 cells and significantly increases the uptake of 131-I by acting through the LXR. In addition, DDA induces phenotypic, molecular and functional characteristics of redifferentiation in the two human thyroid carcinoma cell lines and the uptake of 131-I in the undifferentiated 8505c cells was associated with a strong expression of all the specific proteins involved in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, TSH receptor, thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin. 131-I incorporation in the 8505c cells was stimulated by DDA as well as by the synthetic LXR ligand, GW3965. Together these data show that the re-differentiation of breast and thyroid cancer cells by DDA, is associated with the recovery of functional NIS expression and involves an LXR-dependent mechanism. These results open new avenues of research for the diagnosis of thyroid cancers as well as the development of new therapeutic approaches for radioiodine refractory thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bauriaud-Mallet
- Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, 31037, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Universitaire de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, 31100, France
| | - Lavinia Vija-Racaru
- Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, 31037, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Universitaire de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, 31100, France
| | - Séverine Brillouet
- Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, 31037, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Universitaire de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, 31100, France
| | - Arnaud Mallinger
- Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, 31037, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Bruno Payre
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, 31037, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Fréderic Courbon
- Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, 31037, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Universitaire de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, 31100, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, 31037, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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33
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Sassi K, Nury T, Zarrouk A, Sghaier R, Khalafi-Nezhad A, Vejux A, Samadi M, Aissa-Fennira FB, Lizard G. Induction of a non-apoptotic mode of cell death associated with autophagic characteristics with steroidal maleic anhydrides and 7β-hydroxycholesterol on glioma cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105371. [PMID: 31034873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal maleic anhydrides were prepared in one step: lithocholic, chenodeoxicholic, deoxicholic, ursocholic, and hyodeoxicholic acid derivatives. Their capability to induce cell death was studied on C6 rat glioma cells, and 7β-hydroxycholesterol was used as positive cytotoxic control. The highest cytotoxicity was observed with lithocholic and chenodeoxicholic acid derivatives (23-(4-methylfuran-2,5-dione)-3α-hydroxy-24-nor-5β-cholane (compound 1a), and 23-(4-methylfuran-2,5-dione)-3α,7α-dihydroxy-24-nor-5β-cholane (compound 1b), respectively), which induce a non-apoptotic mode of cell death associated with mitochondrial membrane potential loss and reactive oxygen species overproduction. No cells with condensed and/or fragmented nuclei, no PARP degradation and no cleaved-caspase-3, which are apoptotic criteria, were observed. Similar effects were found with 7β-hydroxycholesterol. The cell clonogenic survival assay showed that compound 1b was more cytotoxic than compound 1a and 7β-hydroxycholesterol. Compound 1b and 7β-hydroxycholesterol also induce cell cycle modifications. In addition, compounds 1a and 1b, and 7β-hydroxycholesterol favour the formation of large acidic vacuoles revealed by staining with acridine orange and monodansylcadaverine evocating autophagic vacuoles; they also induce an increased ratio of [LC3-II / LC3-I], and modify the expression of mTOR, Beclin-1, Atg12, and Atg5-Atg12 which is are autophagic criteria. The ratio [LC3-II / LC3-I] is also strongly modified by bafilomycin acting on the autophagic flux. Rapamycin, an autophagic inducer, and 3-methyladenine, an autophagic inhibitor, reduce and increase 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death, respectively, supporting that 7β-hydroxycholesterol induces survival autophagy. Alpha-tocopherol also strongly attenuates 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death. However, rapamycin, 3-methyladenine, and α-tocopherol have no effect on compounds 1a and 1b-induced cell death. It is concluded that these compounds trigger a non apoptotic mode of cell death, involving the mitochondria and associated with several characteristics of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sassi
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Onco-Hematology (LR05ES05), Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - T Nury
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - A Zarrouk
- Univ. Monastir, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), Monastir, & Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - R Sghaier
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), Monastir, & Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sousse, Tunisia; Univ. Manouba, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-Geo Ressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology (LR11ES31), Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - A Khalafi-Nezhad
- Dept. of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Vejux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - M Samadi
- LCPMC-A2, ICPM, Dept of Chemistry, Univ. Lorraine, Metz Technopôle, Metz, France.
| | - F Ben Aissa-Fennira
- Univ. Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Onco-Hematology (LR05ES05), Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - G Lizard
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, Dijon, France.
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Tomaipitinca L, Mandatori S, Mancinelli R, Giulitti F, Petrungaro S, Moresi V, Facchiano A, Ziparo E, Gaudio E, Giampietri C. The Role of Autophagy in Liver Epithelial Cells and Its Impact on Systemic Homeostasis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040827. [PMID: 30979078 PMCID: PMC6521167 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes as it controls the turnover rate of cellular components and influences cellular homeostasis. The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms’ metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. Finally, we highlight recent reports demonstrating how the autophagy occurring within the liver may affect skeletal muscle homeostasis as well as different extrahepatic solid tumors, such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Mandatori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Giulitti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elio Ziparo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Ma L, Nelson ER. Oxysterols and nuclear receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 484:42-51. [PMID: 30660701 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols are derivatives of cholesterol and an important regulator of cholesterol metabolism, in part due to their role as ligands for nuclear receptors, such as the liver X receptors. Oxysterols are also known to be ligands for the RAR-related orphan receptors, involved in normal T cell differentiation. However, increasing evidence supports a role for oxysterols in the progression of several diseases. Here, we review recent developments in oxysterol research, highlighting the biological functions that oxysterols exert through their target nuclear receptors: the liver X receptors, estrogen receptors, RAR-related orphan receptors and the glucocorticoid receptor. We also bring the regulation of the immune system into the context of interaction between oxysterols and nuclear receptors, discussing the effect of such interaction on the pro-inflammatory function of macrophages and the development of T cells. Finally, we examine the impact that oxysterols have on various disease models, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis, stressing the role of nuclear receptors if previously identified. This review underscores the need to consider the multifaceted roles of oxysterols in terms of multiple receptor engagements and selective modulation of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States.
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Haubrich BA. Microbial Sterolomics as a Chemical Biology Tool. Molecules 2018; 23:E2768. [PMID: 30366429 PMCID: PMC6278499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has become a powerful tool in chemical biology. Profiling the human sterolome has resulted in the discovery of noncanonical sterols, including oxysterols and meiosis-activating sterols. They are important to immune responses and development, and have been reviewed extensively. The triterpenoid metabolite fusidic acid has developed clinical relevance, and many steroidal metabolites from microbial sources possess varying bioactivities. Beyond the prospect of pharmacognostical agents, the profiling of minor metabolites can provide insight into an organism's biosynthesis and phylogeny, as well as inform drug discovery about infectious diseases. This review aims to highlight recent discoveries from detailed sterolomic profiling in microorganisms and their phylogenic and pharmacological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Haubrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Bishop E, Bradshaw TD. Autophagy modulation: a prudent approach in cancer treatment? Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:913-922. [PMID: 30182146 PMCID: PMC6267659 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly controlled process comprising lysosomal degradation and recycling of cellular proteins and organelles. In cancer, its paradoxical dual role of cytoprotection and cytotoxicity is context-dependent and controversial. Autophagy primarily acts as a mechanism of tumour suppression, by maintenance of genomic integrity and prevention of proliferation and inflammation. This, combined with immune-surveillance capabilities and autophagy's implicated role in cell death, acts to prevent tumour initiation. However, established tumours exploit autophagy to survive cellular stresses in the hostile tumour microenvironment. This can lead to therapy resistance, one of the biggest challenges facing current anti-cancer approaches. Autophagy modulation is an exciting area of clinical development, attempting to harness this fundamental process as an anti-cancer strategy. Autophagy induction could potentially prevent tumour formation and enhance anti-cancer immune responses. In addition, drug-induced autophagy could be used to kill cancer cells, particularly those in which the apoptotic machinery is defective. Conversely, autophagy inhibition may help to sensitise resistant cancer cells to conventional chemotherapies and specifically target autophagy-addicted tumours. Currently, hydroxychloroquine is in phase I and II clinical trials in combination with several standard chemotherapies, whereas direct, deliberate autophagy induction remains to be tested clinically. More comprehensive understanding of the roles of autophagy throughout different stages of carcinogenesis has potential to guide development of novel therapeutic strategies to eradicate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Bishop
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Tel-Karthaus N, Kers-Rebel ED, Looman MW, Ichinose H, de Vries CJ, Ansems M. Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Deficiency Alters Dendritic Cell Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1797. [PMID: 30123220 PMCID: PMC6085422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. Proper function of DCs is crucial to elicit an effective immune response against pathogens and to induce antitumor immunity. Different members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family of transcription factors have been reported to affect proper function of immune cells. Nur77 is a member of the NR4A subfamily of orphan NRs that is expressed and has a function within the immune system. We now show that Nur77 is expressed in different murine DCs subsets in vitro and ex vivo, in human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and in freshly isolated human BDCA1+ DCs, but its expression is dispensable for DC development in the spleen and lymph nodes. We show, by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nur77 in human moDCs and by using Nur77-/- murine DCs, that Nur77-deficient DCs have enhanced inflammatory responses leading to increased T cell proliferation. Treatment of human moDCs with 6-mercaptopurine, an activator of Nur77, leads to diminished DC activation resulting in an impaired capacity to induce IFNγ production by allogeneic T cells. Altogether, our data show a yet unexplored role for Nur77 in modifying the activation status of murine and human DCs. Ultimately, targeting Nur77 may prove to be efficacious in boosting or diminishing the activation status of DCs and may lead to the development of improved DC-based immunotherapies in, respectively, cancer treatment or treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Tel-Karthaus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther D Kers-Rebel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maaike W Looman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Carlie J de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Lütjohann D, Björkhem I, Friedrichs S, Kerksiek A, Geilenkeuser WJ, Lövgren-Sandblom A, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I, Baila-Rueda L, Barriuso B, Bretillon L, Browne RW, Caccia C, Cenarro A, Crick PJ, Fauler G, García-Llatas G, Griffiths WJ, Iuliano L, Lagarda MJ, Leoni V, Lottenberg AM, Matysik S, McDonald J, Rideout TC, Schmitz G, Nunes VS, Wang Y, Zerbinati C, Diczfalusy U, Schött HF. International descriptive and interventional survey for oxycholesterol determination by gas- and liquid-chromatographic methods. Biochimie 2018; 153:26-32. [PMID: 30063945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of laboratories develop new methods based on gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatography to determine serum concentrations of oxygenated cholesterol metabolites such as 7α-, 24(S)-, and 27-hydroxycholesterol. We initiated a first international descriptive oxycholesterol (OCS) survey in 2013 and a second interventional survey 2014 in order to compare levels of OCS reported by different laboratories and to define possible sources of analytical errors. In 2013 a set of two lyophilized serum pools (A and B) was sent to nine laboratories in different countries for OCS measurement utilizing their own standard stock solutions. In 2014 eleven laboratories were requested to determine OCS concentrations in lyophilized pooled sera (C and D) utilizing the same provided standard stock solutions of OCS. The participating laboratories submitted results obtained after capillary gas-liquid chromatography-mass selective detection with either epicoprostanol or deuterium labelled sterols as internal standards and high-performance liquid chromatography with mass selective detection and deuterated OCS as internal standard. Each participant received a clear overview of the results in form of Youden-Plots and basic statistical evaluation in its used unit. The coefficients of variation of the concentrations obtained by all laboratories using their individual methods were 58.5-73.3% (survey 1), 56.8-60.3% (survey 2); 36.2-35.8% (survey 1), 56.6-59.8, (survey 2); 61.1-197.7% (survey 1), 47.2-74.2% (survey 2) for 24(S)-, 27-, and 7α-hydroxycholesterol, respectively. We are surprised by the very great differences between the laboratories, even under conditions when the same standards were used. The values of OCS's must be evaluated in relation to the analytical technique used, the efficiency of the ample separation and the nature of the internal standard used. Quantification of the calibration solution and inappropriate internal standards could be identified as major causes for the high variance in the reported results from the different laboratories. A harmonisation of analytical standard methods is highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ingemar Björkhem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Silvia Friedrichs
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anita Lövgren-Sandblom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Diana Ansorena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iciar Astiasarán
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucía Baila-Rueda
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca Barriuso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lionell Bretillon
- Centre des Sciences du Goŭt et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Richard W Browne
- Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Peter J Crick
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - William J Griffiths
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - María Jésus Lagarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jeff McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valéria Sutti Nunes
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Zerbinati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Ulf Diczfalusy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hans-Frieder Schött
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Bonn, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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Dallel S, Tauveron I, Brugnon F, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Maqdasy S. Liver X Receptors: A Possible Link between Lipid Disorders and Female Infertility. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082177. [PMID: 30044452 PMCID: PMC6121373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A close relationship exists between cholesterol and female reproductive physiology. Indeed, cholesterol is crucial for steroid synthesis by ovary and placenta, and primordial for cell structure during folliculogenesis. Furthermore, oxysterols, cholesterol-derived ligands, play a potential role in oocyte maturation. Anomalies of cholesterol metabolism are frequently linked to infertility. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms. In parallel, increasing evidence describing the biological roles of liver X receptors (LXRs) in the regulation of steroid synthesis and inflammation, two processes necessary for follicle maturation and ovulation. Both of the isoforms of LXRs and their bona fide ligands are present in the ovary. LXR-deficient mice develop late sterility due to abnormal oocyte maturation and increased oocyte atresia. These mice also have an ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome in response to gonadotropin stimulation. Hence, further studies are necessary to explore their specific roles in oocyte, granulosa, and theca cells. LXRs also modulate estrogen signaling and this could explain the putative protective role of the LXRs in breast cancer growth. Altogether, clinical studies would be important for determining the physiological relevance of LXRs in reproductive disorders in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dallel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Florence Brugnon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, ImoST, INSERM U1240, 58, rue Montalembert, BP184, F63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation-CECOS, Hôpital Estaing, Place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand CEDEX 1, France.
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Nury T, Sghaier R, Zarrouk A, Ménétrier F, Uzun T, Leoni V, Caccia C, Meddeb W, Namsi A, Sassi K, Mihoubi W, Riedinger JM, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Moreau T, Vejux A, Lizard G. Induction of peroxisomal changes in oligodendrocytes treated with 7-ketocholesterol: Attenuation by α-tocopherol. Biochimie 2018; 153:181-202. [PMID: 30031877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of organelles in cell death is well established especially for endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and mitochondria. However, the role of the peroxisome is not well known, though peroxisomal dysfunction favors a rupture of redox equilibrium. To study the role of peroxisomes in cell death, 158 N murine oligodendrocytes were treated with 7-ketocholesterol (7 KC: 25-50 μM, 24 h). The highest concentration is known to induce oxiapoptophagy (OXIdative stress + APOPTOsis + autoPHAGY), whereas the lowest concentration does not induce cell death. In those conditions (with 7 KC: 50 μM) morphological, topographical and functional peroxisome alterations associated with modifications of the cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria, with mitochondrial dysfunction (loss of transmembrane mitochondrial potential, decreased level of cardiolipins) and oxidative stress were observed: presence of peroxisomes with abnormal sizes and shapes similar to those observed in Zellweger fibroblasts, lower cellular level of ABCD3, used as a marker of peroxisomal mass, measured by flow cytometry, lower mRNA and protein levels (measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting) of ABCD1 and ABCD3 (two ATP-dependent peroxisomal transporters), and of ACOX1 and MFP2 enzymes, and lower mRNA level of DHAPAT, involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation and plasmalogen synthesis, respectively, and increased levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA: C24:0, C24:1, C26:0 and C26:1, quantified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) metabolized by peroxisomal β-oxidation. In the presence of 7 KC (25 μM), slight mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were found, and no induction of apoptosis was detected; however, modifications of the cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria and clusters of mitochondria were detected. The peroxisomal alterations observed with 7 KC (25 μM) were similar to those with 7 KC (50 μM). In addition, data obtained by transmission electron microcopy and immunofluorescence microscopy by dual staining with antibodies raised against p62, involved in autophagy, and ABCD3, support that 7 KC (25-50 μM) induces pexophagy. 7 KC (25-50 μM)-induced side effects were attenuated by α-tocopherol but not by α-tocotrienol, whereas the anti-oxidant properties of these molecules determined with the FRAP assay were in the same range. These data provide evidences that 7 KC, at concentrations inducing or not cell death, triggers morphological, topographical and functional peroxisomal alterations associated with minor or major mitochondrial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nury
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Randa Sghaier
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Lab. Biotechnology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Univ. Monastir, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Diseases' LR12-ES-05, Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Tugba Uzun
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Lab. Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Wiem Meddeb
- Univ. Carthage, LMMA, IPEST, Tunis, and Fac. of Science of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Amira Namsi
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Tunis El Manar, Lab. Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologie-UR11ES/09, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Sassi
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Tunis El Manar, Fac. of Medicine, Lab of Onco-Hematology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Mihoubi
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Lab. Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Marc Riedinger
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer GF Leclerc, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Dijon, France
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Dept. of Neurology, Univ. Hospital of Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France.
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Chemistry, biochemistry, metabolic fate and mechanism of action of 6-oxo-cholestan-3β,5α-diol (OCDO), a tumor promoter and cholesterol metabolite. Biochimie 2018; 153:139-149. [PMID: 29654865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenation products of cholesterol, named oxysterols, were suspected since the 20th century to be involved in carcinogenesis. Among the family of oxysterol molecules, cholesterol-5,6-epoxides (5,6-EC) retained the attention of scientists because they contain a putative alkylating epoxide group. However, studies failed into demonstrating that 5,6-EC were direct carcinogens and revealed a surprising chemical stability and unreactivity towards nucleophiles in standard conditions. Analyses of 5,6-EC metabolism in normal cells showed that they were extensively transformed into cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (CT) by the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase (ChEH). Studies performed in cancer cells showed that CT was additionally metabolized into an oxysterol identified as the 6-oxo-cholestan-3β,5α-diol (OCDO), by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of type 2 (HSD2), the enzyme which inactivates cortisol into cortisone. Importantly, OCDO was shown to display tumor promoter properties in breast cancers, by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, and independently of their estrogen receptor status, revealing the existence of a new tumorigenic pathway centered on 5,6-EC. In breast tumors from patients, OCDO production as well as the expression of the enzymes involved in the pathway producing OCDO, namely ChEH subunits and HSD2, were higher compared to normal tissues, and overexpression of these enzymes correlate with a higher risk of patient death, indicating that this onco-metabolism is of major importance to breast cancer pathology. Herein, we will review the actual knowledge and the future trends in OCDO chemistry, biochemistry, metabolism and mechanism of action and will discuss the impact of OCDO discovery on new anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Cirmena G, Franceschelli P, Isnaldi E, Ferrando L, De Mariano M, Ballestrero A, Zoppoli G. Squalene epoxidase as a promising metabolic target in cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2018; 425:13-20. [PMID: 29596888 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic alteration of the cholesterol synthesis pathway is a recognized mechanism of metabolic adaptation. In the present review, we focus on squalene epoxidase (SE), one of the two rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol synthesis, retracing its history since its discovery as an antimycotic target to its description as an emerging metabolic oncogene by amplification with clinical relevance in cancer. We review the published literature assessing the association between SE over-expression and poor prognosis in this disease. We assess the works demonstrating how SE promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration, and displaying evidence of cancer cell demise in presence of human SE inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo models. Taken together, robust scientific evidence has by now accumulated pointing out SE as a promising novel therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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