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Thirupathi A, Marqueze LF, Outeiro TF, Radak Z, Pinho RA. Physical Exercise-Induced Activation of NRF2 and BDNF as a Promising Strategy for Ferroptosis Regulation in Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1643-1654. [PMID: 38782838 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, may contribute to the progression of PD owing to an unbalanced brain redox status. Physical exercise is a complementary therapy that can modulate ferroptosis in PD by regulating the redox system through the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. However, the precise effects of physical exercise on ferroptosis in PD remain unclear. In this review, we explored how physical exercise influences NRF2 and BDNF signaling and affects ferroptosis in PD. We further investigated relevant publications over the past two decades by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using keywords related to physical exercise, PD, ferroptosis, and neurotrophic factor antioxidant signaling. This review provides insights into current research gaps and demonstrates the necessity for future research to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which exercise regulates ferroptosis in PD, including the assessment of different exercise protocols and their long-term effects. Ultimately, exploring these aspects may lead to the development of improved exercise interventions for the better management of patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Felipe Marqueze
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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2
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Gucký A, Hamuľaková S. Targeting Biometals in Alzheimer's Disease with Metal Chelating Agents Including Coumarin Derivatives. CNS Drugs 2024:10.1007/s40263-024-01093-0. [PMID: 38829443 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Numerous physiological processes happening in the human body, including cerebral development and function, require the participation of biometal ions such as iron, copper, and zinc. Their dyshomeostasis may, however, contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases. Chelation of biometal ions is therefore a therapeutic strategy against AD. This review provides a survey of natural and synthetic chelating agents that are or could potentially be used to target the metal hypothesis of AD. Since metal dyshomeostasis is not the only pathological aspect of AD, and the nature of this disorder is very complex and multifactiorial, the most efficient therapeutics should target as many neurotoxic factors as possible. Various coumarin derivatives match this description and apart from being able to chelate metal ions, they exhibit the capacity to inhibit cholinesterases (ChEs) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) while also possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and numerous other beneficial effects. Compounds based on the coumarin scaffold therefore represent a desirable class of anti-AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gucký
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Slávka Hamuľaková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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3
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Song G, Li W, Ma Y, Xian Y, Liao X, Yang X, Zhang H, Cade JE. Nutrient intake and risk of multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study of 25,389 women. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:696. [PMID: 38439008 PMCID: PMC10913224 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is becoming an increasingly serious public health challenge in the aging population. The impact of nutrients on multimorbidity remains to be determined and was explored using data from a UK cohort study. METHOD Our research analysis is mainly based on the data collected by the United Kingdom Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS), which recruited 35,372 women aged 35-69 years at baseline (1995 to 1998), aiming to explore potential associations between diet and chronic diseases. Daily intakes of energy and nutrients were estimated using a validated 217-item food frequency questionnaire at recruitment. Multimorbidity was assessed using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) through electronic linkages to Hospital Episode Statistics up to March 2019. Cox's proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between daily intakes of nutrients and risk of multimorbidity. Those associations were also analyzed in multinomial logistic regression as a sensitivity analysis. In addition, a stratified analysis was conducted with age 60 as the cutoff point. RESULTS Among the 25,389 participants, 7,799 subjects (30.7%) were confirmed with multimorbidity over a median follow-up of 22 years. Compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile of daily intakes of energy and protein were associated with 8% and 12% increased risk of multimorbidity respectively (HR 1.08 (95% CI 1.01, 1.16), p-linearity = 0.022 for energy; 1.12 (1.04, 1.21), p-linearity = 0.003 for protein). Higher quintiles of daily intakes of vitamin C and iron had a slightly lowered risk of multimorbidity, compared to the lowest quintile. A significantly higher risk of multimorbidity was found to be linearly associated with higher intake quintiles of vitamin B12 and vitamin D (p-linearity = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively) in Cox models, which became insignificant in multinomial logistic regression. There was some evidence of effect modification by age in intakes of iron and vitamin B1 associated with the risk of multimorbidity (p-interaction = 0.006 and 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a link between nutrient intake and multimorbidity risk. However, there is uncertainty in our results, and more research is needed before definite conclusions can be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Xian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Liao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueliang Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China.
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9AT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Janet E Cade
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9AT, Leeds, UK
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4
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Aydinok Y. Combination chelation therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1529:33-41. [PMID: 37594980 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Combination chelation therapies are considered in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients for whom monotherapy regimens have failed to achieve iron balance or intensification of iron chelation therapy is required for the rapid reduction of excess iron to avoid permanent organ damage. Combination chelation may provide a more flexible approach for individualizing chelation therapy, thereby improving tolerability, adherence, and quality of life. In principle, iron chelators can be combined with an infinite number of dosing regimens; these involve simultaneous or sequential exposure to the chelators on the same day or alternating the drugs on different days. Clinical studies have established the safety and efficacy of chelation combinations. However, real-life data with combination therapies indicate the significance of compliance for a meaningful reduction in iron overload compared to monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Aydinok
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Guerra A, Parhiz H, Rivella S. Novel potential therapeutics to modify iron metabolism and red cell synthesis in diseases associated with defective erythropoiesis. Haematologica 2023; 108:2582-2593. [PMID: 37345473 PMCID: PMC10542825 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, iron metabolism is carefully regulated to sustain normal cellular functions and the production of hemoglobin in erythroid cells. Perturbation to the erythropoiesis-iron metabolism axis can result in iron imbalances and cause anemia or organ toxicity. Various congenital and acquired diseases associated with abnormal red cell production are characterized by aberrant iron absorption. Several recent studies have shown that improvements in red blood cell production also ameliorate iron metabolism and vice versa. Many therapeutics are now under development with the potential to improve a variety of hematologic diseases, from β-thalassemia and iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia to anemia of inflammation and polycythemia vera. This review summarizes selected mechanisms related to red cell production and iron metabolism and describes potential therapeutics and their current uses. We also consider the potential application of the discussed therapeutics on various diseases, alone or in combination. The vast repertoire of drugs under development offers new opportunities to improve the clinical care of patients suffering from congenital or acquired red blood cell disorders with limited or no treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaliris Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; RNA Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; RNA Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology affinity group (CAMB), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics-CHOP; Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, CHOP, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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6
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Jiang J, He J, Xiao S, Shenyuan J, Chen T, Pei D. Screening of superior anti-osteoporotic flavonoids from Epimedii Folium with dual effects of reversing iron overload and promoting osteogenesis. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5686. [PMID: 37277120 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload is a risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and lowering iron levels to regulate the labile plasma iron is the preferred therapy. Icariin (ICA), baohuoside I (BHS) and icaritin (ICT) are three flavonoids obtained from Epimedii Folium that are efficient in facilitating osteogenesis. In this study, an active flavonoid with dual effects of reversing iron overload and promoting osteogenesis was screened based on pharmacokinetics, iron complexation properties and the potential to downregulate iron overload, reversing PMOP. As a result, the in vivo absorption of three compounds was ICA > ICT > BHS, while the exposure in muscle and bone was BHS > ICT > ICA. In vitro complexation showed that only ICT complexed with Fe (III) at a 1:1 ratio on 3-OH and the ICT-Fe (III) complex (m/z 424.3750) was identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. In vivo dynamic detection also showed that the concentration of ICT-Fe (III) complexes varied with the concentration of ICT in plasma. The behavioral blunting and bone loss in zebrafish induced by Fe (III) were significantly reversed by ICT in a dose-dependent manner. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis showed that ICT was negatively correlated with serum ferritin and positively correlated with osteogenic markers including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin. Bone loss in ovariectomized rats was significantly altered after ICT intervention, with reduced serum ferritin levels and improved osteogenic marker levels. These results demonstrated that ICT had favorable musculoskeletal penetration and iron complexation capability to shrink labile plasma iron, showing superior performance in anti-PMOP through the dual effects of reversing iron overload and promoting osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinjin He
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shichang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayi Shenyuan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Comprehensive Technical Center, Zhenjiang Customs District P. R. of China, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Pei
- ADR Monitoring Center, Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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7
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Ginzburg Y, An X, Rivella S, Goldfarb A. Normal and dysregulated crosstalk between iron metabolism and erythropoiesis. eLife 2023; 12:e90189. [PMID: 37578340 PMCID: PMC10425177 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroblasts possess unique characteristics as they undergo differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells. During terminal erythropoiesis, these cells incorporate large amounts of iron in order to generate hemoglobin and ultimately undergo enucleation to become mature red blood cells, ultimately delivering oxygen in the circulation. Thus, erythropoiesis is a finely tuned, multifaceted process requiring numerous properly timed physiological events to maintain efficient production of 2 million red blood cells per second in steady state. Iron is required for normal functioning in all human cells, the erythropoietic compartment consuming the majority in light of the high iron requirements for hemoglobin synthesis. Recent evidence regarding the crosstalk between erythropoiesis and iron metabolism sheds light on the regulation of iron availability by erythroblasts and the consequences of insufficient as well as excess iron on erythroid lineage proliferation and differentiation. In addition, significant progress has been made in our understanding of dysregulated iron metabolism in various congenital and acquired malignant and non-malignant diseases. Finally, we report several actual as well as theoretical opportunities for translating the recently acquired robust mechanistic understanding of iron metabolism regulation to improve management of patients with disordered erythropoiesis, such as anemia of chronic inflammation, β-thalassemia, polycythemia vera, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Ginzburg
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xiuli An
- LFKRI, New York Blood CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Cell and Molecular Biology affinity group (CAMB), University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics at the Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders at the Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- RNA Institute at University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Adam Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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8
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de Roij van Zuijdewijn CLM, Westerweel PE, Schipperus MR, Pruijt JFM, van de Loosdrecht AA, Beeker A. Prevalence and treatment of anemia and secondary iron overload in patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome: real-world data from a multicenter cohort study. Transfus Clin Biol 2023:S1246-7820(23)00044-7. [PMID: 37061177 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND anemia is the most common finding in patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Repetitive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and disease-related low hepcidin levels induce secondary iron overload. Real-world data on the prevalence and treatment strategies of anemia and secondary iron overload in MDS patients, is limited. METHODS three years of data on MDS diagnosis, anemia and ferritin management was collected in 230 MDS patients from seven non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS transfusion dependent (TD) patients (n=49) needed 1-3 RBC transfusions per month. Serum hemoglobin remained stable in both TD and transfusion-independent (TI) patients over 3 years. In the TD patients, serum ferritin increased 63 pmol/L/month. Overall, 19 (39%) were diagnosed with secondary hemochromatosis, of which 13 (68%) received chelation therapy with a heterogeneous response. CONCLUSIONS mean hemoglobin remains stable over time in both TD and TI MDS patients. Approximately 40% of TD patients develop secondary hemochromatosis. Treatment and monitoring of secondary hemochromatosis as well as the response on chelation therapy varies substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camiel L M de Roij van Zuijdewijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter E Westerweel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin R Schipperus
- Department of Hematology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes F M Pruijt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan A van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aart Beeker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
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9
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Ginzburg YZ. Hepcidin and its multiple partners: Complex regulation of iron metabolism in health and disease. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:249-284. [PMID: 37717987 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone hepcidin is central to the regulation of iron metabolism, influencing the movement of iron into the circulation and determining total body iron stores. Its effect on a cellular level involves binding ferroportin, the main iron export protein, preventing iron egress and leading to iron sequestration within ferroportin-expressing cells. Hepcidin expression is enhanced by iron loading and inflammation and suppressed by erythropoietic stimulation. Aberrantly increased hepcidin leads to systemic iron deficiency and/or iron restricted erythropoiesis as occurs in anemia of chronic inflammation. Furthermore, insufficiently elevated hepcidin occurs in multiple diseases associated with iron overload such as hereditary hemochromatosis and iron loading anemias. Abnormal iron metabolism as a consequence of hepcidin dysregulation is an underlying factor resulting in pathophysiology of multiple diseases and several agents aimed at manipulating this pathway have been designed, with some already in clinical trials. In this chapter, we assess the complex regulation of hepcidin, delineate the many binding partners involved in its regulation, and present an update on the development of hepcidin agonists and antagonists in various clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Z Ginzburg
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United Sates.
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10
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Holbein BE, Lehmann C. Dysregulated Iron Homeostasis as Common Disease Etiology and Promising Therapeutic Target. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030671. [PMID: 36978919 PMCID: PMC10045916 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is irreplaceably required for animal and human cells as it provides the activity center for a wide variety of essential enzymes needed for energy production, nucleic acid synthesis, carbon metabolism and cellular defense. However, iron is toxic when present in excess and its uptake and storage must, therefore, be tightly regulated to avoid damage. A growing body of evidence indicates that iron dysregulation leading to excess quantities of free reactive iron is responsible for a wide range of otherwise discrete diseases. Iron excess can promote proliferative diseases such as infections and cancer by supplying iron to pathogens or cancer cells. Toxicity from reactive iron plays roles in the pathogenesis of various metabolic, neurological and inflammatory diseases. Interestingly, a common underlying aspect of these conditions is availability of excess reactive iron. This underpinning aspect provides a potential new therapeutic avenue. Existing hematologically used iron chelators to take up excess iron have shown serious limitations for use but new purpose-designed chelators in development show promise for suppressing microbial pathogen and cancer cell growth, and also for relieving iron-induced toxicity in neurological and other diseases. Hepcidin and hepcidin agonists are also showing promise for relieving iron dysregulation. Harnessing iron-driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with ferroptosis has shown promise for selective destruction of cancer cells. We review biological iron requirements, iron regulation and the nature of iron dysregulation in various diseases. Current results pertaining to potential new therapies are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E. Holbein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Nassar AY, Meligy FY, Abd-Allah GM, Khallil WA, Sayed GA, Hanna RT, Nassar GA, Bakkar SM. Oral acetylated whey peptides (AWP) as a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chelating agent in iron-overloaded rats' spleen. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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12
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Claus MA, Smart L, Raisis AL, Sharp CR, Abraham S, Gummer JPA, Mead MK, Bradley DL, Van Swelm R, Wiegerinck ETG, Litton E. Effect of Deferoxamine on Post-Transfusion Iron, Inflammation, and In Vitro Microbial Growth in a Canine Hemorrhagic Shock Model: A Randomized Controlled Blinded Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020121. [PMID: 36851425 PMCID: PMC9962370 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is associated with recipient inflammation and infection, which may be triggered by excessive circulating iron. Iron chelation following transfusion may reduce these risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of deferoxamine on circulating iron and inflammation biomarkers over time and in vitro growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) following RBC transfusion in dogs with atraumatic hemorrhage. Anesthetized dogs were subject to atraumatic hemorrhage and transfusion of RBCs, then randomized to receive either deferoxamine or saline placebo of equivalent volume (n = 10 per group) in a blinded fashion. Blood was sampled before hemorrhage and then 2, 4, and 6 h later. Following hemorrhage and RBC transfusion, free iron increased in all dogs over time (both p < 0.001). Inflammation biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL6), CXC motif chemokine-8 (CXCL8), interleukin-10 (IL10), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) increased in all dogs over time (all p < 0.001). Logarithmic growth of E. coli clones within blood collected 6 h post-transfusion was not different between groups. Only total iron-binding capacity was different between groups over time, being significantly increased in the deferoxamine group at 2 and 4 h post-transfusion (both p < 0.001). In summary, while free iron and inflammation biomarkers increased post-RBC transfusion, deferoxamine administration did not impact circulating free iron, inflammation biomarkers, or in vitro growth of E. coli when compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Claus
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perth Veterinary Specialists, Osborne Park, WA 6017, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Smart
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Tuggerah, NSW 2259, Australia
| | - Anthea L. Raisis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Claire R. Sharp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Joel P. A. Gummer
- Forensic Sciences Laboratory, ChemCentre, Resources and Chemistry Precinct, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Martin K. Mead
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Damian L. Bradley
- Intensive Care Unit, Rockingham General Hospital, Cooloongup, WA 6168, Australia
| | - Rachel Van Swelm
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 830), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin T. G. Wiegerinck
- Hepcidinanalysis.com, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 830), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Litton
- Intensive Care Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Hereditary Hyperferritinemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032560. [PMID: 36768886 PMCID: PMC9917042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferritin is a ubiquitous protein that is present in most tissues as a cytosolic protein. The major and common role of ferritin is to bind Fe2+, oxidize it and sequester it in a safe form in the cell, and to release iron according to cellular needs. Ferritin is also present at a considerably low proportion in normal mammalian sera and is relatively iron poor compared to tissues. Serum ferritin might provide a useful and convenient method of assessing the status of iron storage, and its measurement has become a routine laboratory test. However, many additional factors, including inflammation, infection, metabolic abnormalities, and malignancy-all of which may elevate serum ferritin-complicate interpretation of this value. Despite this long history of clinical use, fundamental aspects of the biology of serum ferritin are still unclear. According to the high number of factors involved in regulation of ferritin synthesis, secretion, and uptake, and in its central role in iron metabolism, hyperferritinemia is a relatively common finding in clinical practice and is found in a large spectrum of conditions, both genetic and acquired, associated or not with iron overload. The diagnostic strategy to reveal the cause of hyperferritinemia includes family and personal medical history, biochemical and genetic tests, and evaluation of liver iron by direct or indirect methods. This review is focused on the forms of inherited hyperferritinemia with or without iron overload presenting with normal transferrin saturation, as well as a step-by-step approach to distinguish these forms to the acquired forms, common and rare, of isolated hyperferritinemia.
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Kim HJ, Han R, Kang KP, Ryu JH, Kim MG, Huh KH, Park JB, Kim CD, Han S, Kim HW, Kim BS, Yang J. Impact of iron status on kidney outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:861. [PMID: 36650247 PMCID: PMC9845230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron plays an important role in hemodynamics and the immunity, independent of anemia. Since dynamic changes occur in iron storage after kidney transplantation (KT), we investigated the association between iron status and kidney outcomes in KT patients. We analyzed data from the KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With KT (KNOW-KT). The iron status was classified into three groups based on ferritin or transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels one year after KT, with reference ranges of 20‒35% and 100‒300 ng/mL for TSAT and ferritin, respectively. The primary outcome was the composite outcome, which consisted of death, graft failure, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline ≥ 50%. In total, 895 patients were included in the final analysis. During a median follow-up of 5.8 years, the primary outcome occurred in 94 patients (19.8/1000 person-years). TSAT levels decreased one year after KT and thereafter gradually increased, whereas ferritin levels were maintained at decreased levels. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the composite outcome were 1.67 (1.00-2.77) and 1.20 (0.60-2.40) in the TSAT > 35% and ferritin > 300 ng/mL groups, respectively. High iron status with high TSAT levels increases the risk of graft failure or kidney functional deterioration after KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ro Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Pyo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeup Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Ferrara F, Coppi F, Riva R, Ventura P, Ricci A, Mattioli AV, Talarico M, Garuti C, Bevini M, Rochira V, Buzzetti E, Pietrangelo A, Corradini E. Labile plasma iron and echocardiographic parameters are associated with cardiac events in β-thalassemic patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13954. [PMID: 36645727 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Notwithstanding the improvement in therapies, patients affected by thalassemia major (TM) and intermedia (TI) are still at high risk of cardiac complications. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence and predictive factors for developing cardiac events in adult β-TM and TI patients. POPULATION AND METHODS Data on diagnosis and clinical history were collected retrospectively; prospective data on new-onset cardiac failure and arrhythmias, echocardiographic parameters, biochemical variables including non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) and labile plasma iron (LPI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* measurement of hepatic and cardiac iron deposits, and iron chelation therapy were recorded during a 6-year follow-up. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients, 29 TM and 8 TI, were included. At baseline, 8 TM patients and 1 TI patient had previously experienced a cardiac event (mainly heart failure). All patients were on chelation therapy and only 3 TM patients had mild-to-severe cardiac siderosis. During follow-up, 11 patients (29.7%) experienced a new cardiac event. The occurrence of cardiac events was correlated to high LPI levels (OR 12.0, 95% CI 1.56-92.3, p .017), low mean pre-transfusion haemoglobin (OR 0.21, 95% C.I. 0.051-0.761, p .21) and echocardiographic parameters suggestive of myocardial hypertrophy. Multivariate analysis disclosed high LPI and left ventricle mass index (LVMI) as independent variables significantly associated with cardiac events. Cardiac iron deposits measured by MRI T2* failed to predict cardiac events. CONCLUSION LPI, Hb levels and echocardiographic parameters assessing cardiac remodelling are associated with cardiac events in adult TM and TI patients. LPI might represent both a prognostic marker and a potential target for novel treatment strategies. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings on larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrara
- Internal Medicine Unit and Centre for Hereditary Anemias, ERN-EuroBloodNet Center for Iron Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppi
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Riva
- Internal Medicine Unit and Centre for Hereditary Anemias, ERN-EuroBloodNet Center for Iron Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Ventura
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, ERN-EuroBloodNet Center for Iron Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ricci
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, ERN-EuroBloodNet Center for Iron Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Marisa Talarico
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Garuti
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, ERN-EuroBloodNet Center for Iron Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mirco Bevini
- Transfusion Unit, Hematology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rochira
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Buzzetti
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, ERN-EuroBloodNet Center for Iron Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, ERN-EuroBloodNet Center for Iron Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Corradini
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, ERN-EuroBloodNet Center for Iron Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Jatavan P, Sekararithi R, Jaiwongkam T, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn N, Tongsong T. Comparisons of serum non-transferrin-bound iron levels and fetal cardiac function between fetuses affected with hemoglobin Bart's disease and normal fetuses. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1015306. [PMID: 36660002 PMCID: PMC9842659 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1015306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the levels of Non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) in fetuses with anemia, using Hb Bart's disease as a study model, and those in unaffected fetuses and to determine the association between fetal cardiac function and the levels of NTBI. Patients and methods A prospective study was conducted on pregnancies at risk of fetal Hb Bart's disease. All fetuses underwent standard ultrasound examination at 18-22 weeks of gestation for fetal biometry, anomaly screening and fetal cardiac function. After that, 2 ml of fetal blood was taken by cordocentesis to measure NTBI by Labile Plasma Iron (LPI), serum iron, hemoglobin and hematocrit. The NTBI levels of both groups were compared and the correlation between NTBI and fetal cardiac function was determined. Results A total of 50 fetuses, including 20 fetuses with Hb Bart's disease and 30 unaffected fetuses were recruited. There was a significant increase in the level of serum iron in the affected group (median: 22.7 vs. 9.7; p-value: 0.013) and also a significant increase in NTBI when compared with those of the unaffected fetuses (median 0.11 vs. 0.07; p-value: 0.046). In comparisons of fetal cardiac function, myocardial performance (Tei) index of both sides was significantly increased in the affected group (left Tei: p = 0.001, Right Tei: p = 0.008). Also, isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) was also significantly prolonged (left ICT: p = 0.00, right ICT: p = 0.000). Fetal LPI levels were significantly correlated inversely with fetal hemoglobin levels (p = 0.030) but not significantly correlated with the fetal serum iron levels (p = 0.138). Fetal LPI levels were also significantly correlated positively with myocardial performance index (Tei) of both sides (right Tei: R = 0.000, left Tei: R = 0.000) and right ICT (R = 0.013), but not significantly correlated with left ICT (R = 0.554). Conclusion Anemia caused by fetal Hb Bart's disease in pre-hydropic stage is significantly associated with fetal cardiac dysfunction and increased fetal serum NTBI levels which are significantly correlated with worsening cardiac dysfunction. Nevertheless, based on the limitations of the present study, further studies including long-term data are required to support a role of fetal anemia as well as increased fetal serum NTBI levels in development of subsequent heart failure or cardiac compromise among the survivors, possibly predisposing to cardiovascular disease in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phudit Jatavan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rattanaporn Sekararithi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Theera Tongsong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,*Correspondence: Theera Tongsong,
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17
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Tang Y, Wu J, Xu M, Zhu T, Sun Y, Chen H, Wu L, Chen C. Causal associations of iron status and back pain risk: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:923590. [PMID: 36034918 PMCID: PMC9399786 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.923590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have previously suggested a link between iron status makers and back pain. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to determine the putative causal relationship between systemic iron status and back pain. Materials and methods In this MR study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 48,972 individuals was used to identify genetic instruments highly associated with systemic iron status. The outcome data (back pain) were derived from the Neale Lab consortium's summary data from the UK Biobank (85,221 cases and 336,650 controls). With the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the main analysis, conservative analyses (selecting SNPs with concordant change of iron status biomarkers) and liberal analyses (selecting SNPs with genome-wide significant association with each iron status biomarker) were carried out. For sensitivity analyses, the MR-Egger, MR-Egger intercept, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR based on a Bayesian model averaging approaches were used. The Cochran's Q-test was used to detect heterogeneity. Results Back pain was associated with genetically instrumented serum iron (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00-1.02, p = 0.01), ferritin (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.00-1.04, p = 0.02), and transferrin saturation (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00-1.01, p = 0.01). Furthermore, there was no evidence of a link between transferrin and the risk of back pain (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98-1.00, p = 0.08). The sensitivity analyses and Cochran's Q-test indicated that no pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected (all p > 0.05). Conclusion We provided potential genetic evidences for the causal associations of iron status with increased incidence of back pain. However, the evidences were weakened due to the low power. Further larger MR studies or RCTs are needed to investigate small effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhe Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lining Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Nascimento ÍF, Souza SSD, da Luz TM, Gomes LAS, Gonçalves SDO, Ahmed MAI, Guimarães ATB, Rodrigues ASDL, Malafaia G. Steel wools microfibers causes iron overload and induces biochemical changes in Gallus gallus domesticus chicks (Galliformes: Phasianidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133632. [PMID: 35033516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Steel wool (SW) has a broad-spectrum of applicability, particularly as abrasives, cleaning household utensils and surfaces in general. However, when present in the natural environment, they can be ingested by animals, such as birds, and may represent a risk to the survival of individuals. Accordingly, in this study, we attempted the hypothesis that the ingestion of SW microfibers (SWMs) by Gallus gallus domesticus chicks (model system used) alters growth/development, induces redox imbalance and cholinesterasic effect, as well as promotes iron overload in different organs. For this, the animals received SWMs twice (within a 24-h interval) in an amount corresponding to 12% of their total stomach volume. At the end of the experiment, we observed less weight gain and less head growth, increased production of hydrogen peroxide (in the brain, liver, crop, and gizzard), nitrite (liver, crop, proventriculus and gizzard), malondialdehyde (brain, liver, muscle, proventriculus, and gizzard), along with increased superoxide dismutase activity in the liver, muscle and crop of animals exposed to SWMs. Such results were associated with iron overload observed in different organs, especially in liver, crop, and gizzard. Furthermore, we evidenced an anti-cholinesterasic effect in birds that ingested the SWMs, marked by a reduction in the acetylcholinesterase activity (in brain). Thus, our study sheds light on the (eco)toxicological potential of SWMs in avifauna, conceding us to associate their ingestion (despite ephemeral and occasional) with damage to the health of individuals, requiring a greater attention spotted to disposal of these materials in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Freitas Nascimento
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Sindoval Silva de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Thiarlen Marinho da Luz
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Lux Attiê Santos Gomes
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Sandy de Oliveira Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Iron-mediated tissue damage in acquired ineffective erythropoiesis disease: It’s more a matter of burden or more of exposure to toxic iron form? Leuk Res 2022; 114:106792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Roth TL, Philpott M, Wojtusik J. Rhinoceros serum labile plasma iron and associated redox potential: interspecific variation, sex bias and iron overload disorder disconnect. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac025. [PMID: 37155459 PMCID: PMC9040876 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A consequence of the poaching crisis is that managed rhinoceros populations are increasingly important for species conservation. However, black rhinoceroses (BR; Diceros bicornis) and Sumatran rhinoceroses (SR; Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis) in human care often store excessive iron in organ tissues, a condition termed iron overload disorder (IOD). IOD research is impeded by the challenge of accurately monitoring body iron load in living rhinoceroses. The goals of this study were to (i) determine if labile plasma iron (LPI) is an accurate IOD biomarker and (ii) identify factors associated with iron-independent serum oxidative reduction potential (ORP). Serum (106 samples) from SRs (n = 8), BRs (n = 28), white rhinoceros (n = 24) and greater one-horned rhinoceros (GOH; n = 16) was analysed for LPI. Samples from all four species tested positive for LPI, and a higher proportion of GOH rhinoceros samples were LPI positive compared with those of the other three species (P < 0.05). In SRs, the only LPI-positive samples were those from individuals clinically ill with IOD, but samples from outwardly healthy individuals of the other three species were LPI positive. Serum ORP was lower in SRs compared with that in the other three species (P < 0.001), and iron chelation only reduced ORP in the GOH species (P < 0.01; ~5%). Serum ORP sex bias was revealed in three species with males exhibiting higher ORP than females (P < 0.001), the exception being the SR in which ORP was low for both sexes. ORP was not associated with age or serum iron concentrations (P ≥ 0.05), but was positively correlated with ferritin (P < 0.01). The disconnect between LPI and IOD was unanticipated, and LPI cannot be recommended as a biomarker of advanced rhino IOD. However, data provide valuable insight into the complex puzzle of rhinoceros IOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Roth
- Corresponding author: Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW), Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, 3400 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA. Tel: 513-569-8220.
| | - Megan Philpott
- Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW), Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, 3400 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA
| | - Jessye Wojtusik
- Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW), Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, 3400 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA
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Zeidan RS, Han SM, Leeuwenburgh C, Xiao R. Iron homeostasis and organismal aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101510. [PMID: 34767974 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is indispensable for normal body functions across species because of its critical roles in red blood cell function and many essential proteins and enzymes required for numerous physiological processes. Regulation of iron homeostasis is an intricate process involving multiple modulators at the systemic, cellular, and molecular levels. Interestingly, emerging evidence has demonstrated that many modulators of iron homeostasis contribute to organismal aging and longevity. On the other hand, the age-related dysregulation of iron homeostasis is often associated with multiple age-related pathologies including bone resorption and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Thus, a thorough understanding on the interconnections between systemic and cellular iron balance and organismal aging may help decipher the etiologies of multiple age-related diseases, which could ultimately lead to developing therapeutic strategies to delay aging and treat various age-related diseases. Here we present the current understanding on the mechanisms of iron homeostasis. We also discuss the impacts of aging on iron homeostatic processes and how dysregulated iron metabolism may affect aging and organismal longevity.
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22
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Iron chelation therapy with deferiprone improves oxidative status and red blood cell quality and reduces redox-active iron in β-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112381. [PMID: 34736078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative status of twenty-three β-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients was evaluated after administration of 75 mg/kg deferiprone (GPO-L-ONE®) divided into 3 doses daily for 12 months. Serum ferritin was significantly decreased; the median value at the initial and final assessments was 2842 and 1719 ng/mL, respectively. Progressive improvement with significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activity, including plasma paraoxonase (PON) and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), and in antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were observed at 3-6 months of treatment. The levels of total GSH in red blood cells were significantly increased at the end of the study. Improved red blood cell membrane integrity was also demonstrated using the EPR spin labeling technique. Membrane fluidity at the surface and hydrophobic regions of the red blood cell membrane was significantly changed after 12 months of treatment. In addition, a significant increase in hemoglobin content was observed (6.6 ± 0.7 and 7.5 ± 1.3 g/dL at the initial assessment and at 6 months, respectively). Correlations were observed between hemoglobin content, membrane fluidity and antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells. The antioxidant activity of deferiprone may partly be explained by progressive reduction of redox active iron that catalyzes free radical reactions, as demonstrated by the EPR spin trapping technique. In conclusion, iron chelation therapy with deferiprone notably improved the oxidative status in thalassemia, consequently reducing the risk of oxidative-related complications. Furthermore, the improvement in red blood cell quality may improve the anemia situation in patients.
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Hoffmann A, Haschka D, Valente de Souza L, Tymoszuk P, Seifert M, von Raffay L, Hilbe R, Petzer V, Moser PL, Nairz M, Weiss G. Baseline iron status and presence of anaemia determine the course of systemic Salmonella infection following oral iron supplementation in mice. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103568. [PMID: 34488018 PMCID: PMC8426537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a major health concern. However, preventive iron supplementation in regions with high burden of infectious diseases resulted in an increase of infection related morbidity and mortality. METHODS We fed male C57BL/6N mice with either an iron deficient or an iron adequate diet. Next, they received oral iron supplementation or placebo followed by intraperitoneal infection with Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm). FINDINGS We found that mice with IDA had a poorer clinical outcome than mice on an iron adequate diet. Interestingly, iron supplementation of IDA mice resulted in higher bacterial burden in organs and shortened survival. Increased transferrin saturation and non-transferrin bound iron in the circulation together with low expression of ferroportin facilitated the access of the pathogen to iron and promoted bacterial growth. Anaemia, independent of iron supplementation, was correlated with reduced neutrophil counts and cytotoxic T cells. With iron supplementation, anaemia additionally correlated with increased splenic levels of the cytokine IL-10, which is suggestive for a weakened immune control to S.Tm infection. INTERPRETATION Supplementing iron to anaemic mice worsens the clinical course of bacterial infection. This can be traced back to increased iron delivery to bacteria along with an impaired anti-microbial immune response. Our findings may have important implications for iron supplementation strategies in areas with high endemic burden of infections, putting those individuals, who potentially profit most from iron supplementation for anaemia, at the highest risk for infections. FUNDING Financial support by the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Patrizia L Moser
- Institute of Pathology, INNPATH, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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Adel RM, Lotfy RA, Darwish AS, Amer AS. Destructive effect of iron overload in brain tissue of albino rats: Ameliorative role of silver immobilized organo-modified casein nanocomposite as co-treating agent with Deferasirox. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126794. [PMID: 34052583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron (Fe) is one of the most essential trace elements in the body that play crucial role in organisms' survival, however, excess deposition of it puts patients at higher risk of iron overload and tissue injury through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevation of oxidative stress, development of endocrine disorders among which hypogonadism, and increased incidence of cells damage in vital organs. As deferasirox (DFX) is an approved Fe chelator drug, its inability to cross blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a definite obstacle against its use as Fe chelator in the brain. Lately, attention to nanoparticles usage in researches has been widely grown since their role in improving drug therapeutic effects and scavenging free radicals make them good candidates as chelating and antioxidant agents. AIMS Herein, after induction of iron overload, organo-modified casein immobilized silver nanocomposite (Ag@Tr-CA) was designed and explored as combined therapy with DFX drug to develop its penetrating efficiency toward BBB and its Fe chelating affinity. Moreover, to distinguish the advanced antioxidant character as well as the beneficial impact of it on lowering brain's oxidative stress. Meanwhile, its capability in regulating serum pituitary hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and testosterone (T), ameliorating DNA damage, and improving brain's histopathological alterations was also assessed. METHODS The physicochemical characteristics of Ag@Tr-CA was carried out using X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analyses. Effect of iron overload and subsequent treatment with DFX + Ag@Tr-CA on brain of adult male albino rats were evaluated using colorimetric methods to determine brain Fe concentration and brain oxidative stress biomarkers. Assessment of serum Fe indices and serum pituitary hormones (FSH, LH, PRL) and T were estimated by ELISA technique. Determination of DNA damage in cerebral cortex cells was accomplished using the alkaline version of comet assay, while detection of brain's histopathological alterations was performed by examination of H&E sections under light microscope. RESULTS The physicochemical characteristics of Ag@Tr-CA showing the proficiency of Ag nanoparticles (∼35 nm) in creating highly-ordered negatively charged micro-sized casein particles (∼450 μm). After induction of iron overload, DFX + Ag@Tr-CA combination efficiently down brain Fe concentration, brain oxidative stress markers, and DNA damage in cerebral cortex cells linked with improvements in brain histopathological alterations. Comparing DFX therapeutic action alone to its combination to whether Ag@Tr-CA or Tr-CA (organo-modified cross-linked casein nanoparticles) as co-treating agents revealed no significant effect on serum Fe indices, FSH, LH, PRL, and T against iron overload disease. CONCLUSION The present results showed that combination of Ag@Tr-CA nanocomposite with DFX makes it a promising co-treating agent against iron overload through improving the physiological, molecular, and histological structure of the brain in iron overloaded rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Adel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania A Lotfy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Atef S Darwish
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany S Amer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
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Porter J, Taher A, Viprakasit V, Kattamis A, Coates TD, Garbowski M, Dürrenberger F, Manolova V, Richard F, Cappellini MD. Oral ferroportin inhibitor vamifeport for improving iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia: current evidence and future clinical development. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:633-644. [PMID: 34324404 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1935854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In β-thalassemia, imbalanced globin synthesis causes reduced red blood cell survival and ineffective erythropoiesis. Suppressed hepcidin levels increase ferroportin-mediated iron transport in enterocytes, causing increased iron absorption and potentially iron overload. Low hepcidin also stimulates ferroportin-mediated iron release from macrophages, increasing transferrin saturation (TSAT), potentially forming non-transferrin-bound iron, which can be toxic. Modulating the hepcidin-ferroportin axis is an attractive strategy to improve ineffective erythropoiesis and limit the potential tissue damage resulting from iron overload. There are no oral β-thalassemia treatments that consistently ameliorate anemia and prevent iron overload. AREAS COVERED The preclinical and clinical development of vamifeport (VIT-2763), a novel ferroportin inhibitor, was reviewed. PubMed, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the search term 'VIT-2763'. EXPERT OPINION Vamifeport is the first oral ferroportin inhibitor in clinical development. In healthy volunteers, vamifeport had comparable safety to placebo, was well tolerated and rapidly decreased iron levels and reduced TSAT, consistent with observations in preclinical models. Data from ongoing/planned Phase II studies are critical to define its potential in β-thalassemia and other conditions associated with iron overabsorption and/or ineffective erythropoiesis. If vamifeport potentially increases hemoglobin and reduces iron-related parameters, it could be a suitable treatment for non-transfusion-dependent and transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Porter
- Professor of Haematology, Department of Haematology, University College London, Consultant in Haematology, University College London Hospitals and Head of Joint UCLH and Whittington Hospital Red Cell Unit, London, UK
| | - Ali Taher
- Professor of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Vip Viprakasit
- Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Thalassemia Research Program, Director, SiCORE in Advanced Cell & Gene Therapy Center (SiCORE-ACGT), Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics & Siriraj Thalassemia Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Professor of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas D Coates
- Section Head, Hematology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maciej Garbowski
- Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Franz Dürrenberger
- Head of Chemical and Preclinical R&D, Vifor (International) AG, Chemical and Preclinical Research and Development, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Vania Manolova
- Head of Biology R&D, Vifor (International) AG, Chemical and Preclinical Research and Development, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Frank Richard
- Clinical Research Director, Vifor Pharma AG, Glattbrugg, Switzerland
| | - M Domenica Cappellini
- Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Unbalance in Iron Metabolism in Childhood Leukemia Converges with Treatment Intensity: Biochemical and Clinical Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123029. [PMID: 34204310 PMCID: PMC8233795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In children undergoing therapy for acute leukemia or after hematopoietic cell transplantation, the following iron metabolism parameters were analyzed in the context of iron overload: (1) parameters measuring functional and storage iron pools: non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) and labile plasma iron (LPI) levels, iron, transferrin, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, ferritin heavy and light chains; (2) proteins regulating iron absorption and its release from tissue stores: hepcidin, soluble hemojuvelin, soluble ferroportin-1; (3) proteins regulating the erythropoietic activity of bone marrow: erythroferrone, erythropoietin, soluble transferrin receptor. It has been shown that the occurrence of NTBI and LPI in the circulation and the intensification of disturbances in iron metabolism were associated with the intensity of anti-leukemic treatment and were the highest in the transplant group followed by the acute leukemia after treatment and de novo groups. In patients after transplantation, the most significant changes were found in NTBI, LPI, iron, ferritin, hepcidin, and ferroportin-1 levels. Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) and labile plasma iron (LPI) levels and other parameters of iron metabolism in children undergoing therapy for acute leukemia or after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), in the context of iron overload. Patients: A total number of 85 children were prospectively included into four groups: controls, acute leukemia de novo, acute leukemia after intensive treatment, and after HCT. Methods: The following iron metabolism parameters were analyzed: (1) parameters measuring functional and storage iron pools: NTBI, LPI, iron, transferrin, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, ferritin heavy and light chains; (2) proteins regulating iron absorption and its release from tissue stores: hepcidin, soluble hemojuvelin, soluble ferroportin-1; (3) proteins regulating the erythropoietic activity of bone marrow: erythroferrone, erythropoietin, soluble transferrin receptor. Results: Intensive treatment of leukemia in children was associated with the presence of serum NTBI and LPI, which was the highest in the HCT group followed by the acute leukemia after treatment and de novo groups. In patients after HCT, the most significant changes were found in NTBI, LPI, iron, ferritin, hepcidin, and ferroportin-1 levels. Conclusions: The occurrence of NTBI and LPI in the circulation and the intensification of disturbances in iron metabolism were associated with the intensity of the anti-leukemic treatment.
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Iron overload-induced oxidative stress in myelodysplastic syndromes and its cellular sequelae. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103367. [PMID: 34058341 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders. MDS patients often require red blood cell transfusions, resulting in iron overload (IOL). IOL increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxygen free radicals. We review and illustrate how IOL-induced ROS influence cellular activities relevant to MDS pathophysiology. ROS damage lipids, nucleic acids in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, structural proteins, transcription factors and enzymes. Cellular consequences include decreased metabolism and tissue and organ dysfunction. In hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), consequences of ROS include decreased glycolysis, shifting the cell from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism and causing HSC to exit the quiescent state, leading to HSC exhaustion or senescence. ROS oxidizes DNA bases, resulting in accumulation of mutations. Membrane oxidation alters fluidity and permeability. In summary, evidence indicates that IOL-induced ROS alters cellular signaling pathways resulting in toxicity to organs and hematopoietic cells, in keeping with adverse clinical outcomes in MDS.
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Anderson GJ, Bardou-Jacquet E. Revisiting hemochromatosis: genetic vs. phenotypic manifestations. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:731. [PMID: 33987429 PMCID: PMC8106074 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload disorders represent an important class of human diseases. Of the primary iron overload conditions, by far the most common and best studied is HFE-related hemochromatosis, which results from homozygosity for a mutation leading to the C282Y substitution in the HFE protein. This disease is characterized by reduced expression of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, leading to increased dietary iron absorption and iron deposition in multiple tissues including the liver, pancreas, joints, heart and pituitary. The phenotype of HFE-related hemochromatosis is quite variable, with some individuals showing little or no evidence of increased body iron, yet others showing severe iron loading, tissue damage and clinical sequelae. The majority of genetically predisposed individuals show at least some evidence of iron loading (increased transferrin saturation and serum ferritin), but a minority show clinical symptoms and severe consequences are rare. Thus, the disorder has a high biochemical penetrance, but a low clinical prevalence. Nevertheless, it is such a common condition in Caucasian populations (1:100–200) that it remains an important clinical entity. The phenotypic variability can largely be explained by a range of environmental, genetic and physiological factors. Men are far more likely to manifest significant disease than women, with the latter losing iron through menstrual blood loss and childbirth. Other forms of blood loss, immune system influences, the amount of bioavailable iron in the diet and lifestyle factors such as high alcohol intake can also contribute to iron loading and disease expression. Polymorphisms in a range of genes have been linked to variations in body iron levels, both in the general population and in hemochromatosis. Some of the genes identified play well known roles in iron homeostasis, yet others are novel. Other factors, including both co-morbidities and genetic polymorphisms, do not affect iron levels per se, but determine the propensity for tissue pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edouard Bardou-Jacquet
- Liver Disease Department, University of Rennes and French Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and Iron Metabolism Disease, Rennes, France
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Abstract
In this mini-reflection, I explain how during my doctoral work in a Botany Department I first became interested in H2O2 and later in my career in other reactive oxygen species, especially the role of "catalytic" iron and haem compounds (including leghaemoglobin) in promoting oxidative damage. The important roles that H2O2, other ROS and dietary plants play in respect to humans are discussed. I also review the roles of diet-derived antioxidants in relation to human disease, presenting reasons why clinical trials using high doses of natural antioxidants have generally given disappointing results. Iron chelators and ergothioneine are reviewed as potential cytoprotective agents with antioxidant properties that may be useful therapeutically. The discovery of ferroptosis may also lead to novel agents that can be used to treat certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01A, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore.
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Grant ES, Clucas DB, McColl G, Hall LT, Simpson DA. Re-examining ferritin-bound iron: current and developing clinical tools. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:459-471. [PMID: 33090965 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a highly important metal ion cofactor within the human body, necessary for haemoglobin synthesis, and required by a wide range of enzymes for essential metabolic processes. Iron deficiency and overload both pose significant health concerns and are relatively common world-wide health hazards. Effective measurement of total iron stores is a primary tool for both identifying abnormal iron levels and tracking changes in clinical settings. Population based data is also essential for tracking nutritional trends. This review article provides an overview of the strengths and limitations associated with current techniques for diagnosing iron status, which sets a basis to discuss the potential of a new serum marker - ferritin-bound iron - and the improvement it could offer to iron assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Grant
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle B Clucas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Diagnostic Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gawain McColl
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Liam T Hall
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Simpson
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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31
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Aydin S, Dellacasa C, Manetta S, Giaccone L, Godio L, Iovino G, Bruno B, Busca A. Rescue treatment with eltrombopag in refractory cytopenias after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Ther Adv Hematol 2020; 11:2040620720961910. [PMID: 33194161 PMCID: PMC7594218 DOI: 10.1177/2040620720961910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with post-transplant cytopenias due to poor graft function or
primary engraftment failure show poor prognosis with a high mortality rate
mainly because of graft versus host disease (GVHD),
infection and/or bleeding. Treatment options are scarce and a CD34+ stem
cell boost or a second bone marrow transplantation may be required to
restore adequate haematopoiesis. Methods: In the present study patients with primary engraftment failure
(n = 1) and refractory poor graft function
(n = 11) were treated with eltrombopag in a single
centre. The reason for eltrombopag treatment was trilineage cytopenia in six
patients, bilineage cytopenia in three patients and single lineage cytopenia
in three patients. Eltrombopag was initiated at a median of 214 (range:
120–877) days after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCST) and
administered for a median time of 114 (range: 12 days to >490) days. In
8/12 patients eltrombopag was introduced at a dose of 75 mg/day and then
increased to 150 mg/day after 1 week; 1 patient was given 50 mg eltrombopag
per day, and 3 patients received 75 mg daily. Results: In 10/12 patients eltrombopag significantly enhanced blood count values and
patients became transfusion independent. Once stable haematological response
was obtained, treatment was tapered until final discontinuation in 9/10
responding patients. No grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed. At time of
last follow up, 3/12 patients were dead, 2 due to disease relapse, 1 due to
GVHD and pneumonia. All patients except one maintained their complete
response and remain transfusion independent at a median of 858 (range:
429–1119) days. Conclusion: These preliminary data confirm that eltrombopag is able to rescue
multilineage haematopoiesis in patients with treatment-refractory cytopenias
after allogeneic HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Aydin
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Chiara Dellacasa
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Dipartimento di Oncologia, SSD Trapianto allogenico di cellule staminali, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Manetta
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Dipartimento di Oncologia, SSD Trapianto allogenico di cellule staminali, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Giaccone
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Dipartimento di Oncologia, SSD Trapianto allogenico di cellule staminali, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Godio
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Anatomia Patologica, Turin, and University of Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Iovino
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Dipartimento di Oncologia, SSD Trapianto allogenico di cellule staminali, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Busca
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Dipartimento di Oncologia, SSD Trapianto allogenico di cellule staminali, Turin, Italy
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Sobh A, Loguinov A, Zhou J, Jenkitkasemwong S, Zeidan R, El Ahmadie N, Tagmount A, Knutson M, Fraenkel PG, Vulpe CD. Genetic screens reveal CCDC115 as a modulator of erythroid iron and heme trafficking. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:1085-1098. [PMID: 32510613 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transferrin-bound iron (TBI), the physiological circulating iron form, is acquired by cells through the transferrin receptor (TfR1) by endocytosis. In erythroid cells, most of the acquired iron is incorporated into heme in the mitochondria. Cellular trafficking of heme is indispensable for erythropoiesis and many other essential biological processes. Comprehensive elucidation of molecular pathways governing and regulating cellular iron acquisition and heme trafficking is required to better understand physiological and pathological processes affecting erythropoiesis. Here, we report the first genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screens in human erythroid cells to identify determinants of iron and heme uptake, as well as heme-mediated erythroid differentiation. We identified several candidate modulators of TBI acquisition including TfR1, indicating that our approach effectively revealed players mechanistically relevant to the process. Interestingly, components of the endocytic pathway were also revealed as potential determinants of transferrin acquisition. We deciphered a role for the vacuolar-type H+ - ATPase (V- ATPase) assembly factor coiled-coil domain containing 115 (CCDC115) in TBI uptake and validated this role in CCDC115 deficient K562 cells. Our screen in hemin-treated cells revealed perturbations leading to cellular adaptation to heme, including those corresponding to trafficking mechanisms and transcription factors potentiating erythroid differentiation. Pathway analysis indicated that endocytosis and vesicle acidification are key processes for heme trafficking in erythroid precursors. Furthermore, we provided evidence that CCDC115, which we identified as required for TBI uptake, is also involved in cellular heme distribution. This work demonstrates a previously unappreciated common intersection in trafficking of transferrin iron and heme in the endocytic pathway of erythroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sobh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, Comparative Biochemistry Program University of California Berkeley Berkeley California
- Department of Physiological Sceinces University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Alex Loguinov
- Department of Physiological Sceinces University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Physiological Sceinces University of Florida Gainesville Florida
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Supak Jenkitkasemwong
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Rola Zeidan
- Department of Physiological Sceinces University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Nader El Ahmadie
- Department of Physiological Sceinces University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | | | - Mitchell Knutson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Paula G. Fraenkel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Cancer Research Institute Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Oncology Research and Development, Sanofi Cambridge Massachusetts
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Hellström-Lindberg E, Tobiasson M, Greenberg P. Myelodysplastic syndromes: moving towards personalized management. Haematologica 2020; 105:1765-1779. [PMID: 32439724 PMCID: PMC7327628 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.248955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) share their origin in the hematopoietic stem cell but have otherwise very heterogeneous biological and genetic characteristics. Clinical features are dominated by cytopenia and a substantial risk for progression to acute myeloid leukemia. According to the World Health Organization, MDS is defined by cytopenia, bone marrow dysplasia and certain karyotypic abnormalities. The understanding of disease pathogenesis has undergone major development with the implementation of next-generation sequencing and a closer integration of morphology, cytogenetics and molecular genetics is currently paving the way for improved classification and prognostication. True precision medicine is still in the future for MDS and the development of novel therapeutic compounds with a propensity to markedly change patients' outcome lags behind that for many other blood cancers. Treatment of higher-risk MDS is dominated by monotherapy with hypomethylating agents but novel combinations are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Agents that stimulate erythropoiesis continue to be first-line treatment for the anemia of lower-risk MDS but luspatercept has shown promise as second-line therapy for sideroblastic MDS and lenalidomide is an established second-line treatment for del(5q) lower-risk MDS. The only potentially curative option for MDS is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, until recently associated with a relatively high risk of transplant-related mortality and relapse. However, recent studies show increased cure rates due to better tools to target the malignant clone with less toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of the clinical evaluation, biology and therapeutic interventions for this spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hellström-Lindberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Tobiasson
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Greenberg
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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AlMatar M, Albarri O, Makky EA, Var I, Köksal F. A Glance on the Role of Bacterial Siderophore from the Perspectives of Medical and Biotechnological Approaches. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1326-1343. [PMID: 32564749 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200621193018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron, which is described as the most basic component found in nature, is hard to be assimilated by microorganisms. It has become increasingly complicated to obtain iron from nature as iron (II) in the presence of oxygen oxidized to press (III) oxide and hydroxide, becoming unsolvable at neutral pH. Microorganisms appeared to produce organic molecules known as siderophores in order to overcome this condition. Siderophore's essential function is to connect with iron (II) and make it dissolvable and enable cell absorption. These siderophores, apart from iron particles, have the ability to chelate various other metal particles that have collocated away to focus the use of siderophores on wound care items. There is a severe clash between the host and the bacterial pathogens during infection. By producing siderophores, small ferric iron-binding molecules, microorganisms obtain iron. In response, host immune cells produce lipocalin 2 to prevent bacterial reuptake of siderophores loaded with iron. Some bacteria are thought to produce lipocalin 2-resistant siderophores to counter this risk. The aim of this article is to discuss the recently described roles and applications of bacterial siderophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Osman Albarri
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu) Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Essam A Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Işıl Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Malki MMA, Song JY, Yang D, Cao T, Aldoss I, Mokhtari S, Dadwal S, Marcucci G, Karanes C, Snyder D, Nademanee A, Forman SJ, Nakamura R, Pullarkat V. Iron Overload Is Associated with Delayed Engraftment and Increased Nonrelapse Mortality in Recipients of Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:1697-1703. [PMID: 32534103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The negative impact of iron overload (IO) on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is well recognized, but its impact on umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplant outcome is unknown. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of 150 patients who received UCB-HCT at our institution, stratified by pre-HCT serum ferritin (SF) level of 2000 ng/mL. Two-year overall survival rate among patients with SF >2000 and ≤2000 ng/mL was 26.1% (95% CI, 10.6% to 44.7%) and 52.1% (95% CI, 40.1% to 62.8%), respectively; hazard ratio (HR) = 2.26 (95% CI, 1.28 to 4.00, P = .005). Two-year nonrelapse mortality rate was higher among patients with SF >2000 ng/mL (56.5%; 95% CI, 33.3% to 74.4%) compared to SF ≤2000 ng/mL (30.1%; 95% CI, 20.0% to 40.9%); HR = 2.18 (95% CI, 1.10 to 4.31, P = .025). Neutrophil engraftment at 42 days was 78.3% (95% CI, 53.5% to 90.8%) in patients with SF >2000 ng/mL versus 91.8% (95% CI, 82.1% to 96.4%) in patients with SF ≤2000 ng/mL; HR = 0.58 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.96, P = .034). A significant difference in platelet engraftment at 3 months was also observed: 52.2% (95% CI, 29.4% to 70.8%) for SF >2000 ng/mL versus 80.8% (95% CI, 69.5% to 88.3%) for SF ≤2000 ng/mL; HR = 0.48 (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.98, P = .044). In conclusion, IO defined by SF of 2000 ng/mL is a strong adverse prognostic factor for UCB-HCT and should be considered when UCB is chosen as the graft source for patients without a fully matched donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monzr M Al Malki
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | - Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Thai Cao
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Sally Mokhtari
- Department of Clinical Translational Program Development, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Sanjeet Dadwal
- Department of Infectious Disease, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Chatchada Karanes
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - David Snyder
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Auayporn Nademanee
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Vinod Pullarkat
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Controversies on the Consequences of Iron Overload and Chelation in MDS. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e357. [PMID: 32647792 PMCID: PMC7306315 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with MDS are prone to develop systemic and tissue iron overload in part as a consequence of disease-immanent ineffective erythropoiesis. However, chronic red blood cell transfusions, which are part of the supportive care regimen to correct anemia, are the major source of iron overload in MDS. Increased systemic iron levels eventually lead to the saturation of the physiological systemic iron carrier transferrin and the occurrence of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) together with its reactive fraction, the labile plasma iron (LPI). NTBI/LPI-mediated toxicity and tissue iron overload may exert multiple detrimental effects that contribute to the pathogenesis, complications and eventually evolution of MDS. Until recently, the evidence supporting the use of iron chelation in MDS was based on anecdotal reports, uncontrolled clinical trials or prospective registries. Despite not fully conclusive, these and more recent studies, including the TELESTO trial, unravel an overall adverse action of iron overload and therapeutic benefit of chelation, ranging from improved hematological outcome, reduced transfusion dependence and superior survival of iron-loaded MDS patients. The still limited and somehow controversial experimental and clinical data available from preclinical studies and randomized trials highlight the need for further investigation to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying the pathological impact of iron overload-mediated toxicity as well as the effect of classic and novel iron restriction approaches in MDS. This review aims at providing an overview of the current clinical and translational debated landscape about the consequences of iron overload and chelation in the setting of MDS.
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Piperno A, Pelucchi S, Mariani R. Inherited iron overload disorders. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:25. [PMID: 32258529 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary iron overload includes several disorders characterized by iron accumulation in tissues, organs, or even single cells or subcellular compartments. They are determined by mutations in genes directly involved in hepcidin regulation, cellular iron uptake, management and export, iron transport and storage. Systemic forms are characterized by increased serum ferritin with or without high transferrin saturation, and with or without functional iron deficient anemia. Hemochromatosis includes five different genetic forms all characterized by high transferrin saturation and serum ferritin, but with different penetrance and expression. Mutations in HFE, HFE2, HAMP and TFR2 lead to inadequate or severely reduced hepcidin synthesis that, in turn, induces increased intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron release leading to tissue iron overload. The severity of hepcidin down-regulation defines the severity of iron overload and clinical complications. Hemochromatosis type 4 is caused by dominant gain-of-function mutations of ferroportin preventing hepcidin-ferroportin binding and leading to hepcidin resistance. Ferroportin disease is due to loss-of-function mutation of SLC40A1 that impairs the iron export efficiency of ferroportin, causes iron retention in reticuloendothelial cell and hyperferritinemia with normal transferrin saturation. Aceruloplasminemia is caused by defective iron release from storage and lead to mild microcytic anemia, low serum iron, and iron retention in several organs including the brain, causing severe neurological manifestations. Atransferrinemia and DMT1 deficiency are characterized by iron deficient erythropoiesis, severe microcytic anemia with high transferrin saturation and parenchymal iron overload due to secondary hepcidin suppression. Diagnosis of the different forms of hereditary iron overload disorders involves a sequential strategy that combines clinical, imaging, biochemical, and genetic data. Management of iron overload relies on two main therapies: blood removal and iron chelators. Specific therapeutic options are indicated in patients with atransferrinemia, DMT1 deficiency and aceruloplasminemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Piperno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Pelucchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mariani
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Kakiuchi R, Hirayama T, Yanagisawa D, Tooyama I, Nagasawa H. A 19F-MRI probe for the detection of Fe(ii) ions in an aqueous system. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5843-5849. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00903b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An activity-based 19F-MRI probe that showed a chemical shift change in response to Fe(ii) was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kakiuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu
- Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu
- Japan
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center
- Shiga University of Medical Science
- Shiga
- Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center
- Shiga University of Medical Science
- Shiga
- Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu
- Japan
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39
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Sousa L, Oliveira MM, Pessôa MTC, Barbosa LA. Iron overload: Effects on cellular biochemistry. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 504:180-189. [PMID: 31790701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for human life. However, it is a pro-oxidant agent capable of reacting with hydrogen peroxide. An iron overload can cause cellular changes, such as damage to the plasma membrane leading to cell death. Effects of iron overload in cellular biochemical processes include modulating membrane enzymes, such as the Na, K-ATPase, impairing the ionic transport and inducing irreversible damage to cellular homeostasis. To avoid such damage, cells have an antioxidant system that acts in an integrated manner to prevent oxidative stress. In addition, the cells contain proteins responsible for iron transport and storage, preventing its reaction with other substances during absorption. Moreover, iron is associated with cellular events coordinated by iron-responsive proteins (IRPs) that regulate several cellular functions, including a process of cell death called ferroptosis. This review will address the biochemical aspects of iron overload at the cellular level and its effects on important cellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilismara Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio C Pessôa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
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Zhao Y, Gao F, Shi J, Luo Y, Tan Y, Lai X, Yu J, Huang H. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Primary Poor Graft Function after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:1898-1907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abbati G, Incerti F, Boarini C, Pileri F, Bocchi D, Ventura P, Buzzetti E, Pietrangelo A. Safety and efficacy of sucrosomial iron in inflammatory bowel disease patients with iron deficiency anemia. Intern Emerg Med 2019; 14:423-431. [PMID: 30499070 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-018-1993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We planned a prospective study to address tolerability and efficacy of sucrosomial iron, a new oral formulation of ferric pyrophosphate, in IBD patients. Thirty patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Crohn's Disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and mild IDA were enrolled. Patients with severe IBD were excluded. All patients underwent 12 weeks of oral treatment with 30 mg/day of sucrosomial iron. Treatment compliance and adverse events were investigated every 4 weeks. Iron status, hematological parameters and IBD activity scores were determined at baseline and at the end of treatment, as well as serum hepcidin and non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) levels. Twenty-four (80%) patients took more than 90% of the prescribed regimen. Forty-four adverse events (AEs) were recorded, but none of them is considered certainly or probably related to the study treatment. Interestingly, only eleven gastrointestinal events were recorded in 9 (30%) patients. At the end of treatment, all iron parameters improved significantly and Hb increased in 86% of patients (from 11.67 to 12.37 g/dl, p = 0.001). Serum hepcidin showed a significant increase in 79% of patients and became positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) at the end of the study, while NTBI remained below the detection threshold after iron supplementation. The IBD activity scores improved in both CD and UC. This pilot interventional study supports the therapeutic use of sucrosomial iron in IBD and paves the way for future studies in larger or more difficult IBD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Abbati
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via DEL Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Incerti
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via DEL Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Boarini
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via DEL Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pileri
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via DEL Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Bocchi
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via DEL Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Ventura
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via DEL Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Buzzetti
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via DEL Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via DEL Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
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Tripathi P, Pati HP, Mahapatra M, Tyagi S, Ahuja A, Saxena R. Utility of Labile Plasma Iron Assay in Thalassemia Major Patients. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2019; 35:272-277. [PMID: 30988563 PMCID: PMC6439112 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Labile plasma iron (LPI) levels are proposed as marker of iron overload in thalassemia patients and are also known to be the earliest parameter to indicate efficacy of chelation therapy. It was a prospective study in 35 patients of thalassemia major. Patients were recruited in two groups-group A (n = 13) patients not on chelation therapy and group B (n = 22) patients who were on regular oral chelation therapy. Ten age and gender matched healthy controls were also studied. For all patients, ferritin levels and LPI levels were measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. For group B patients paired samples for LPI were taken (before and 2 h after chelator). LPI levels were found to be significantly higher in group B patients versus group A patients versus normal healthy controls at all time-points. (P value-< 0.0001, 0.001) In group A, both LPI levels and ferritin levels follow an upward trend and correlated well with each other (P value-< 0.0001). In group B, the serum ferritin trend was not significant over follow up period of 1 year (P value 0.16), however LPI levels showed a significant decreasing trend on continued chelation (P value 0.0347) In patients on chelation therapy, the immediate change (2 h) in LPI levels on administration of chelators was not found to be significant (P value 0.22). LPI assay appears potentially attractive alternate to serum ferritin and can serve to monitor the trend of iron overload during long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Tripathi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Command Hospital Airforce, Bangalore, India
| | - H. P. Pati
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No 206, Second Floor, New Delhi, Delhi 110029 India
| | - Manoranjan Mahapatra
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No 206, Second Floor, New Delhi, Delhi 110029 India
| | - Seema Tyagi
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No 206, Second Floor, New Delhi, Delhi 110029 India
| | - Ankur Ahuja
- Department of Hematology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No 206, Second Floor, New Delhi, Delhi 110029 India
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Abstract
Hepcidin is central to regulation of iron metabolism. Its effect on a cellular level involves binding ferroportin, the main iron export protein, resulting in its internalization and degradation and leading to iron sequestration within ferroportin-expressing cells. Aberrantly increased hepcidin leads to systemic iron deficiency and/or iron restricted erythropoiesis. Furthermore, insufficiently elevated hepcidin occurs in multiple diseases associated with iron overload. Abnormal iron metabolism as a consequence of hepcidin dysregulation is an underlying factor resulting in pathophysiology of multiple diseases and several agents aimed at manipulating this pathway have been designed, with some already in clinical trials. In this chapter, we present an overview of and rationale for exploring the development of hepcidin agonists and antagonists in various clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Z Ginzburg
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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44
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Wojtunik-Kulesza K, Oniszczuk A, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. An attempt to elucidate the role of iron and zinc ions in development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1277-1289. [PMID: 30841441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are among the most studied issues both in medicine and pharmacy. Despite long and extensive research, there is no effective treatment prescribed for such diseases, including Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Available data exposes their multi-faceted character that requires a complex and multidirectional approach to treatment. In this case, the most important challenge is to understand the neurodegenerative mechanisms, which should permit the development of more elaborate and effective therapies. In the submitted review, iron and zinc are discussed as important and perfectly possible neurodegenerative factors behind Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It is commonly known that these elements are present in living organisms and are essential for the proper operation of the body. Still, their influence is positive only when their proper balance is maintained. Otherwise, when any imbalance occurs, this can eventuate in numerous disturbances, among them oxidative stress, accumulation of amyloid β and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, let alone the increase in α-synuclein concentration. At the same time, available research data reveals certain discrepancies in approaching metal ions as either impassive, helpful, or negative factors influencing the development of neurodegenerative changes. This review outlines selected neurodegenerative disorders, highlights the role of iron and zinc in the human body and discusses cases of their imbalance leading to neurodegenerative changes as shown in vitro and in vivo studies as well as through relevant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojtunik-Kulesza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
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45
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Parmar JH, Mendes P. A computational model to understand mouse iron physiology and disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006680. [PMID: 30608934 PMCID: PMC6334977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that iron is an essential element for life but is toxic when in excess or in certain forms. Accordingly there are many diseases that result directly from either lack or excess of iron. Yet many molecular and physiological aspects of iron regulation have only been discovered recently and others are still elusive. There is still no good quantitative and dynamic description of iron absorption, distribution, storage and mobilization that agrees with the wide array of phenotypes presented in several iron-related diseases. The present work addresses this issue by developing a mathematical model of iron distribution in mice calibrated with ferrokinetic data and subsequently validated against data from mouse models of iron disorders, such as hemochromatosis, β-thalassemia, atransferrinemia and anemia of inflammation. To adequately fit the ferrokinetic data required inclusion of the following mechanisms: a) transferrin-mediated iron delivery to tissues, b) induction of hepcidin by transferrin-bound iron, c) ferroportin-dependent iron export regulated by hepcidin, d) erythropoietin regulation of erythropoiesis, and e) liver uptake of NTBI. The utility of the model to simulate disease interventions was demonstrated by using it to investigate the outcome of different schedules of transferrin treatment in β-thalassemia. Iron is an essential nutrient in almost all life forms. In humans and animals iron is used for respiration and for transporting oxygen inside red blood cells. But in excess iron can be toxic and therefore the body regulates its distribution and absortion through the action of hormones, which is not yet completely understood. Here we created a computational model of the regulation of iron distribution in the body of a mouse based on experimental data. The model can accurately simulate many iron diseases such as anemia, hemochromatosis, and thalassemia. This computational model is helpful to understand the basis of these diseases and plan therapies to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh H. Parmar
- Center for Quantitative Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Pedro Mendes
- Center for Quantitative Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Decrement in Cellular Iron and Reactive Oxygen Species, and Improvement of Insulin Secretion in a Pancreatic Cell Line Using Green Tea Extract. Pancreas 2019; 48:636-643. [PMID: 31091209 PMCID: PMC6553981 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have investigated the efficacy of mono- and combined therapy with green tea extract (GTE) in mobilizing redox iron, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and improving insulin production in iron-loaded pancreatic cells. METHODS Rat insulinoma pancreatic β-cells were iron-loaded using culture medium supplemented with either fetal bovine serum or ferric ammonium citrate and treated with various doses of GTE for epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) equivalence and in combination with iron chelators. Cellular iron, ROS, and secretory insulin were measured. RESULTS The rat insulinoma pancreatic cells took up iron from fetal bovine serum more rapidly than ferric ammonium citrate. After treatment with GTE (0.23-2.29 μg EGCG equivalent), cellular levels of iron and ROS were dose dependently decreased. Importantly, secretory insulin levels were increased nearly 2.5-fold with 2.29 μg of EGCG equivalent GTE, indicating a recovery in insulin production. CONCLUSIONS Green tea EGCG ameliorated oxidative damage of iron-loaded β-cells by removing redox iron and free radicals and attenuating insulin production. The impact can result in the restoration of pancreatic functions and an increase in insulin production. Green tea extract exerts iron-chelating, free-radical scavenging, and pancreato-protective effects in the restoration of β-cell functions, all of which we believe can increase insulin production in diabetic β-thalassemia patients.
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Bita Shafaatian, Sadati SO, Soleymanpour A, Amouzad F. Highly Selective Solid Contact Sensor for Low Level Concentration Measurements of Iron(III) in Pharmaceutical and Biological Media. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481812002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The relationship between blood transfusion intensity, chelatable iron pools, and extrahepatic iron distribution is described in thalassemia. Risk factors for cardiosiderosis are discussed with particular reference to the balance of transfusional iron loading rate and transferrin-iron utilization rate as marked by plasma levels of soluble transferrin receptors. Low transfusion regimens increase residual erythropoiesis allowing for apotransferrin-dependent clearance of non-transferrin-bound iron species otherwise destined for myocardium. The impact of transfusion rates on chelation dosing required for iron balance is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Porter
- Haematology Department, University College London, UCLH and Whittington Hospitals, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Maciej W Garbowski
- Haematology Department, University College London, Cancer Institute, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Loréal O, Cavey T, Robin F, Kenawi M, Guggenbuhl P, Brissot P. Iron as a Therapeutic Target in HFE-Related Hemochromatosis: Usual and Novel Aspects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040131. [PMID: 30486249 PMCID: PMC6315470 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic hemochromatosis is an iron overload disease that is mainly related to the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. This gene controls the expression of hepcidin, a peptide secreted in plasma by the liver and regulates systemic iron distribution. Homozygous C282Y mutation induces hepcidin deficiency, leading to increased circulating transferrin saturation, and ultimately, iron accumulation in organs such as the liver, pancreas, heart, and bone. Iron in excess may induce or favor the development of complications such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, diabetes, heart failure, hypogonadism, but also complaints such as asthenia and disabling arthritis. Iron depletive treatment mainly consists of venesections that permit the removal of iron contained in red blood cells and the subsequent mobilization of stored iron in order to synthesize hemoglobin for new erythrocytes. It is highly efficient in removing excess iron and preventing most of the complications associated with excess iron in the body. However, this treatment does not target the biological mechanisms involved in the iron metabolism disturbance. New treatments based on the increase of hepcidin levels, by using hepcidin mimetics or inducers, or inhibitors of the iron export activity of ferroportin protein that is the target of hepcidin, if devoid of significant secondary effects, should be useful to better control iron parameters and symptoms, such as arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Thibault Cavey
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - François Robin
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Moussa Kenawi
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Pascal Guggenbuhl
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Pierre Brissot
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
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El-Sheikh AA, Ameen SH, AbdEl-Fatah SS. Ameliorating Iron Overload in Intestinal Tissue of Adult Male Rats: Quercetin vs Deferoxamine. J Toxicol 2018; 2018:8023840. [PMID: 30584425 PMCID: PMC6280249 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8023840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to compare the role of the new natural alternative (Quercetin) with the current iron-chelation therapy (Deferoxamine (DFO)) in the effect of iron overload on small intestinal tissues and to investigate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms of such toxicity. METHODS Forty-two adult male albino rats were divided into six groups: control groups, DFO, Quercetin, iron overload, iron overload+DFO, and iron overload+Quercetin groups. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injection of Deferoxamine (125 mg /kg), Quercetin (10 mg/kg), and ferric dextran (200 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. RESULTS Iron overloaded group showed significant increase in serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation percentage (TS %) hepcidin (HEPC), serum ferritin, nontransferrin bound iron (NTBI), and small intestinal tissues iron levels. Iron overload significantly increased the serum oxidative stress indicator (MDA) and reduced serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC). On the other hand, iron overload increased IL6 and reduced IL10 in small intestinal tissues reflecting inflammatory condition and increased caspase 3 reactivity indicating apoptosis and increased iNOs expressing cell indicting oxidative stress especially in ileum. In addition, it induced small intestinal tissues pathological alterations. The treatment with Quercetin showed nonsignificant differences as compared to treatment with DFO that chelated the serum and tissue iron and improved the oxidative stress and reduced tissue IL6 and increased IL10 and decreased caspase 3 and iNOs expressing cells in small intestinal tissues. Moreover, it ameliorated the iron overload induced pathological alterations. CONCLUSION Our study showed the potential role of Quercetin as iron chelator like DFO in case of iron overload induced small intestinal toxicity in adult rats because of its serum and tissue iron chelation, improvement of serum, and small intestinal oxidative stress, ameliorating iron induced intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, and histopathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A. El-Sheikh
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Hamed Ameen
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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