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Lacombe A, Scorrano L. The interplay between mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy: From a key homeostatic mechanism to a driver of pathology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 161-162:1-19. [PMID: 38430721 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The complex relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy illustrates how two cellular housekeeping processes are intimately linked, illuminating fundamental principles of cellular homeostasis and shedding light on disparate pathological conditions including several neurodegenerative disorders. Here we review the basic tenets of mitochondrial dynamics i.e., the concerted balance between fusion and fission of the organelle, and its interplay with macroautophagy and selective mitochondrial autophagy, also dubbed mitophagy, in the maintenance of mitochondrial quality control and ultimately in cell viability. We illustrate how conditions of altered mitochondrial dynamics reverberate on autophagy and vice versa. Finally, we illustrate how altered interplay between these two key cellular processes participates in the pathogenesis of human disorders affecting multiple organs and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lacombe
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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2
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Visker JR, Leszczynski EC, Wellette-Hunsucker AG, McPeek AC, Quinn MA, Kim SH, Bazil JN, Ferguson DP. Postnatal growth restriction alters myocardial mitochondrial energetics in mice. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:562-575. [PMID: 38180279 PMCID: PMC10984791 DOI: 10.1113/ep091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Postnatal growth restriction (PGR) can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) potentially due to impairments in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) within cardiomyocyte mitochondria. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if PGR impairs cardiac metabolism, specifically OxPhos. FVB (Friend Virus B-type) mice were fed a normal-protein (NP: 20% protein), or low-protein (LP: 8% protein) isocaloric diet 2 weeks before mating. LP dams produce ∼20% less milk, and pups nursed by LP dams experience reduced growth into adulthood as compared to pups nursed by NP dams. At birth (PN1), pups born to dams fed the NP diet were transferred to LP dams (PGR group) or a different NP dam (control group: CON). At weaning (PN21), all mice were fed the NP diet. At PN22 and PN80, mitochondria were isolated for respirometry (oxygen consumption rate,J O 2 ${J_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ ) and fluorimetry (reactive oxygen species emission,J H 2 O 2 ${J_{{{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ ) analysis measured as baseline respiration (LEAK) and with saturating ADP (OxPhos). Western blotting at PN22 and PN80 determined protein abundance of uncoupling protein 3, peroxiredoxin-6, voltage-dependent anion channel and adenine nucleotide translocator 1 to provide further insight into mitochondrial function. ANOVAs with the main effects of diet, sex and age with α-level of 0.05 was set a priori. Overall, PGR (7.8 ± 1.1) had significant (P = 0.01) reductions in respiratory control in complex I when compared to CON (8.9 ± 1.0). In general, our results show that PGR led to higher electron leakage in the form of free radical production and reactive oxygen species emission. No significant diet effects were found in protein abundance. The observed reduced respiratory control and increased ROS emission in PGR mice may increase risk for CVD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Visker
- The Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric C Leszczynski
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Austin G Wellette-Hunsucker
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ashley C McPeek
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Melissa A Quinn
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Seong Hyun Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David P Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Zhu Y, Chen B, Zu Y. Identifying OGN as a Biomarker Covering Multiple Pathogenic Pathways for Diagnosing Heart Failure: From Machine Learning to Mechanism Interpretation. Biomolecules 2024; 14:179. [PMID: 38397416 PMCID: PMC10886937 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiologic heterogeneity of heart failure (HF) necessitates a more detailed identification of diagnostic biomarkers that can reflect its diverse pathogenic pathways. METHODS We conducted weighted gene and multiscale embedded gene co-expression network analysis on differentially expressed genes obtained from HF and non-HF specimens. We employed a machine learning integration framework and protein-protein interaction network to identify diagnostic biomarkers. Additionally, we integrated gene set variation analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and transcription factor (TF)-target analysis to unravel the biomarker-dominant pathways. Leveraging single-sample GSEA and molecular docking, we predicted immune cells and therapeutic drugs related to biomarkers. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction validated the expressions of biomarkers in the plasma of HF patients. A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was implemented to investigate the causal impact of biomarkers on HF. RESULTS We first identified COL14A1, OGN, MFAP4, and SFRP4 as candidate biomarkers with robust diagnostic performance. We revealed that regulating biomarkers in HF pathogenesis involves TFs (BNC2, MEOX2) and pathways (cell adhesion molecules, chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation). Moreover, we observed the elevated infiltration of effector memory CD4+ T cells in HF, which was highly related to biomarkers and could impact immune pathways. Captopril, aldosterone antagonist, cyclopenthiazide, estradiol, tolazoline, and genistein were predicted as therapeutic drugs alleviating HF via interactions with biomarkers. In vitro study confirmed the up-regulation of OGN as a plasma biomarker of HF. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that genetic predisposition toward higher plasma OGN promoted the risk of HF. CONCLUSIONS We propose OGN as a diagnostic biomarker for HF, which may advance our understanding of the diagnosis and pathogenesis of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Lin-gang), Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yao Zu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China
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4
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Abele N, Münz F, Zink F, Gröger M, Hoffmann A, Wolfschmitt EM, Hogg M, Calzia E, Waller C, Radermacher P, Merz T. Relation of Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations and Myocardial Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity in Anesthetized and Mechanically Ventilated, Cardiovascular Healthy Swine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17293. [PMID: 38139121 PMCID: PMC10743631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is associated with reduced myocardial β-adrenergic receptor expression and mitochondrial function. Since these data coincide with increased plasma catecholamine levels, we investigated the relation between myocardial β-receptor expression and mitochondrial respiratory activity under conditions of physiological catecholamine concentrations. This post hoc analysis used material of a prospective randomized, controlled study on 12 sexually mature (age 20-24 weeks) Early Life Stress or control pigs (weaning at day 21 and 28-35 after birth, respectively) of either sex. Measurements in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented animals comprised serum catecholamine (liquid-chromatography/tandem-mass-spectrometry) and 8-isoprostane levels, whole blood superoxide anion concentrations (electron spin resonance), oxidative DNA strand breaks (tail moment in the "comet assay"), post mortem cardiac tissue mitochondrial respiration, and immunohistochemistry (β2-adrenoreceptor, mitochondrial respiration complex, and nitrotyrosine expression). Catecholamine concentrations were inversely related to myocardial mitochondrial respiratory activity and β2-adrenoceptor expression, whereas there was no relation to mitochondrial respiratory complex expression. Except for a significant, direct, non-linear relation between DNA damage and noradrenaline levels, catecholamine concentrations were unrelated to markers of oxidative stress. The present study suggests that physiological variations of the plasma catecholamine concentrations, e.g., due to physical and/or psychological stress, may affect cardiac β2-adrenoceptor expression and mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Abele
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Franziska Münz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zink
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Michael Gröger
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Eva-Maria Wolfschmitt
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Melanie Hogg
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Christiane Waller
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical Private University, 90402 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany; (N.A.); (F.Z.); (M.G.); (A.H.); (E.-M.W.); (M.H.); (E.C.)
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ulm University Medical Center, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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5
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Bhullar SK, Dhalla NS. Status of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation during the Development of Heart Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1941. [PMID: 38001794 PMCID: PMC10669359 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are specialized organelles, which serve as the "Power House" to generate energy for maintaining heart function. These organelles contain various enzymes for the oxidation of different substrates as well as the electron transport chain in the form of Complexes I to V for producing ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Several studies have shown depressed OXPHOS activity due to defects in one or more components of the substrate oxidation and electron transport systems which leads to the depletion of myocardial high-energy phosphates (both creatine phosphate and ATP). Such changes in the mitochondria appear to be due to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and Ca2+-handling abnormalities in the failing heart. Although some investigations have failed to detect any changes in the OXPHOS activity in the failing heart, such results appear to be due to a loss of Ca2+ during the mitochondrial isolation procedure. There is ample evidence to suggest that mitochondrial Ca2+-overload occurs, which is associated with impaired mitochondrial OXPHOS activity in the failing heart. The depression in mitochondrial OXPHOS activity may also be due to the increased level of reactive oxygen species, which are formed as a consequence of defects in the electron transport complexes in the failing heart. Various metabolic interventions which promote the generation of ATP have been reported to be beneficial for the therapy of heart failure. Accordingly, it is suggested that depression in mitochondrial OXPHOS activity plays an important role in the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
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Batterson PM, McGowan EM, Borowik AK, Kinter MT, Miller BF, Newsom SA, Robinson MM. High-fat diet increases electron transfer flavoprotein synthesis and lipid respiration in skeletal muscle during exercise training in female mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15840. [PMID: 37857571 PMCID: PMC10587055 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and exercise remodel skeletal muscle mitochondria. The electron transfer flavoproteins (ETF) transfer reducing equivalents from β-oxidation into the electron transfer system. Exercise may stimulate the synthesis of ETF proteins to increase lipid respiration. We determined mitochondrial remodeling for lipid respiration through ETF in the context of higher mitochondrial abundance/capacity seen in female mice. We hypothesized HFD would be a greater stimulus than exercise to remodel ETF and lipid pathways through increased protein synthesis alongside increased lipid respiration. Female C57BL/6J mice (n = 15 per group) consumed HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) for 4 weeks then remained sedentary (SED) or completed 8 weeks of treadmill training (EX). We determined mitochondrial lipid respiration, RNA abundance, individual protein synthesis, and abundance for ETFα, ETFβ, and ETF dehydrogenase (ETFDH). HFD increased absolute and relative lipid respiration (p = 0.018 and p = 0.034) and RNA abundance for ETFα (p = 0.026), ETFβ (p = 0.003), and ETFDH (p = 0.0003). HFD increased synthesis for ETFα and ETFDH (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.002). EX increased synthesis of ETFβ and ETFDH (p = 0.008 and p = 0.006). Higher synthesis rates of ETF were not always reflected in greater protein abundance. Greater synthesis of ETF during HFD indicates mitochondrial remodeling which may contribute higher mitochondrial lipid respiration through enhanced ETF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Batterson
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Erin M. McGowan
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Agnieszka K. Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Michael T. Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
- Oklahoma City VAOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Sean A. Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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7
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Chatterjee P, Holody CD, Kirschenman R, Graton ME, Spaans F, Phillips TJ, Case CP, Bourque SL, Lemieux H, Davidge ST. Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Hypoxia and a Placental Antioxidant Treatment on Cardiac Mitochondrial Function in the Young Adult Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13624. [PMID: 37686430 PMCID: PMC10487956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia is associated with placental oxidative stress, leading to impaired fetal growth and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the adult offspring; however, the mechanisms are unknown. Alterations in mitochondrial function may result in impaired cardiac function in offspring. In this study, we hypothesized that cardiac mitochondrial function is impaired in adult offspring exposed to intrauterine hypoxia, which can be prevented by placental treatment with a nanoparticle-encapsulated mitochondrial antioxidant (nMitoQ). Cardiac mitochondrial respiration was assessed in 4-month-old rat offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia (11% O2) from gestational day (GD)15-21 receiving either saline or nMitoQ on GD 15. Prenatal hypoxia did not alter cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in the male offspring. In females, the NADH + succinate pathway capacity decreased by prenatal hypoxia and tended to be increased by nMitoQ. Prenatal hypoxia also decreased the succinate pathway capacity in females. nMitoQ treatment increased respiratory coupling efficiency in prenatal hypoxia-exposed female offspring. In conclusion, prenatal hypoxia impaired cardiac mitochondrial function in adult female offspring only, which was improved with prenatal nMitoQ treatment. Therefore, treatment strategies targeting placental oxidative stress in prenatal hypoxia may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in adult offspring by improving cardiac mitochondrial function in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Chatterjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Claudia D. Holody
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Murilo E. Graton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Tom J. Phillips
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - C. Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK;
| | - Stephane L. Bourque
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
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Yu F, Cong S, Yap EP, Hausenloy DJ, Ramachandra CJ. Unravelling the Interplay between Cardiac Metabolism and Heart Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10300. [PMID: 37373444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of heart failure (HF) and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. An ischemic event induces cardiomyocyte death, and the ability for the adult heart to repair itself is challenged by the limited proliferative capacity of resident cardiomyocytes. Intriguingly, changes in metabolic substrate utilisation at birth coincide with the terminal differentiation and reduced proliferation of cardiomyocytes, which argues for a role of cardiac metabolism in heart regeneration. As such, strategies aimed at modulating this metabolism-proliferation axis could, in theory, promote heart regeneration in the setting of IHD. However, the lack of mechanistic understanding of these cellular processes has made it challenging to develop therapeutic modalities that can effectively promote regeneration. Here, we review the role of metabolic substrates and mitochondria in heart regeneration, and discuss potential targets aimed at promoting cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry. While advances in cardiovascular therapies have reduced IHD-related deaths, this has resulted in a substantial increase in HF cases. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cardiac metabolism and heart regeneration could facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to repair the damaged heart and reduce risk of HF in patients with IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Shuo Cong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - En Ping Yap
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Chrishan J Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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9
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Yang A, Guo L, Zhang Y, Qiao C, Wang Y, Li J, Wang M, Xing J, Li F, Ji L, Guo H, Zhang R. MFN2-mediated mitochondrial fusion facilitates acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing glucose catabolism and ROS production. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130413. [PMID: 37331409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid ascent to high-altitude environment which is characterized by acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) may increase the risk of cardiac dysfunction. However, the potential regulatory mechanisms and prevention strategies for acute HH-induced cardiac dysfunction have not been fully clarified. Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is highly expressed in the heart and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and cell metabolism. To date, however, the significance of MFN2 in the heart under acute HH has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Our study revealed that MFN2 upregulation in hearts of mice during acute HH led to cardiac dysfunction. In vitro experiments showed that the decrease in oxygen concentration induced upregulation of MFN2, impairing cardiomyocyte contractility and increasing the risk of QT prolongation. Additionally, acute HH-induced MFN2 upregulation promoted glucose catabolism and led to excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiomyocytes, ultimately resulting in decreased mitochondrial function. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry analyses indicated that MFN2 interacted with the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 23 kDa subunit (NDUFS8). Specifically, acute HH-induced MFN2 upregulation increased NDUFS8-dependent complex I activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our studies provide the first direct evidence that MFN2 upregulation exacerbates acute HH-induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing glucose catabolism and ROS production. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our studies indicate that MFN2 may be a promising therapeutic target for cardiac dysfunction under acute HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lifei Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chenjin Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lele Ji
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Haitao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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10
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de Wit-Verheggen VHW, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Brouwers K, Jörgensen JA, Schaart G, Gemmink A, Nascimento EBM, Hesselink MKC, Wildberger JE, Segers P, Montaigne D, Staels B, Schrauwen P, Lindeboom L, Hoeks J, van de Weijer T. PCr/ATP ratios and mitochondrial function in the heart. A comparative study in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8346. [PMID: 37221197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac energy status, measured as phosphocreatine (PCr)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio with 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in vivo, is a prognostic factor in heart failure and is lowered in cardiometabolic disease. It has been suggested that, as oxidative phosphorylation is the major contributor to ATP synthesis, PCr/ATP ratio might be a reflection of cardiac mitochondrial function. The objective of the study was to investigate whether PCr/ATP ratios can be used as in vivo marker for cardiac mitochondrial function. We enrolled thirty-eight patients scheduled for open-heart surgery in this study. Cardiac 31P-MRS was performed before surgery. Tissue from the right atrial appendage was obtained during surgery for high-resolution respirometry for the assessment of mitochondrial function. There was no correlation between the PCr/ATP ratio and ADP-stimulated respiration rates (octanoylcarnitine R2 < 0.005, p = 0.74; pyruvate R2 < 0.025, p = 0.41) nor with maximally uncoupled respiration (octanoylcarnitine R2 = 0.005, p = 0.71; pyruvate R2 = 0.040, p = 0.26). PCr/ATP ratio did correlate with indexed LV end systolic mass. As no direct correlation between cardiac energy status (PCr/ATP) and mitochondrial function in the heart was found, the study suggests that mitochondrial function might not the only determinant of cardiac energy status. Interpretation should be done in the right context in cardiac metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera H W de Wit-Verheggen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Brouwers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna A Jörgensen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Gemmink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmani B M Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim E Wildberger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrique Segers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David Montaigne
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Lindeboom
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Schenkl C, Heyne E, Doenst T, Schulze PC, Nguyen TD. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism to Save the Failing Heart. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041027. [PMID: 37109556 PMCID: PMC10143865 DOI: 10.3390/life13041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in treating cardiac disorders, the prevalence of heart failure (HF) keeps growing, making it a global medical and economic burden. HF is characterized by profound metabolic remodeling, which mostly occurs in the mitochondria. Although it is well established that the failing heart is energy-deficient, the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of HF extends beyond the energetic aspects. Changes in substrate oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain have emerged as key players in regulating myocardial energy homeostasis, Ca2+ handling, oxidative stress and inflammation. This work aims to highlight metabolic alterations in the mitochondria and their far-reaching effects on the pathophysiology of HF. Based on this knowledge, we will also discuss potential metabolic approaches to improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schenkl
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Estelle Heyne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Paul Christian Schulze
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Critical Care Medicine), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Tien Dung Nguyen
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Critical Care Medicine), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Magrì A, Cubisino SAM, Battiato G, Lipari CLR, Conti Nibali S, Saab MW, Pittalà A, Amorini AM, De Pinto V, Messina A. VDAC1 Knockout Affects Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption Triggering a Rearrangement of ETC by Impacting on Complex I Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043687. [PMID: 36835102 PMCID: PMC9963415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-Dependent Anion-selective Channel isoform 1 (VDAC1) is the most abundant isoform of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) porins and the principal gate for ions and metabolites to and from the organelle. VDAC1 is also involved in a number of additional functions, such as the regulation of apoptosis. Although the protein is not directly involved in mitochondrial respiration, its deletion in yeast triggers a complete rewiring of the whole cell metabolism, with the inactivation of the main mitochondrial functions. In this work, we analyzed in detail the impact of VDAC1 knockout on mitochondrial respiration in the near-haploid human cell line HAP1. Results indicate that, despite the presence of other VDAC isoforms in the cell, the inactivation of VDAC1 correlates with a dramatic impairment in oxygen consumption and a re-organization of the relative contributions of the electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes. Precisely, in VDAC1 knockout HAP1 cells, the complex I-linked respiration (N-pathway) is increased by drawing resources from respiratory reserves. Overall, the data reported here strengthen the key role of VDAC1 as a general regulator of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Magrì
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
- we.MitoBiotech S.R.L., C.so Italia 174, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Giuseppe Battiato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lucia Rita Lipari
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Conti Nibali
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Miriam Wissam Saab
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pittalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vito De Pinto
- we.MitoBiotech S.R.L., C.so Italia 174, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
- we.MitoBiotech S.R.L., C.so Italia 174, 95125 Catania, Italy
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13
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Targeting mitochondrial impairment for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: From hypertension to ischemia-reperfusion injury, searching for new pharmacological targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115405. [PMID: 36603686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial proteins represent a group of promising pharmacological target candidates in the search of new molecular targets and drugs to counteract the onset of hypertension and more in general cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, several mitochondrial pathways result impaired in CVDs, showing ATP depletion and ROS production as common traits of cardiac tissue degeneration. Thus, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes can represent a successful strategy to prevent heart failure. In this context, the identification of new pharmacological targets among mitochondrial proteins paves the way for the design of new selective drugs. Thanks to the advances in omics approaches, to a greater availability of mitochondrial crystallized protein structures and to the development of new computational approaches for protein 3D-modelling and drug design, it is now possible to investigate in detail impaired mitochondrial pathways in CVDs. Furthermore, it is possible to design new powerful drugs able to hit the selected pharmacological targets in a highly selective way to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent cardiac tissue degeneration. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of CVDs appears increasingly evident, as reflected by the impairment of proteins involved in lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dynamics, respiratory chain complexes, and membrane polarization maintenance in CVD patients. Conversely, little is known about proteins responsible for the cross-talk between mitochondria and cytoplasm in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial transporters of the SLC25A family, in particular, are responsible for the translocation of nucleotides (e.g., ATP), amino acids (e.g., aspartate, glutamate, ornithine), organic acids (e.g. malate and 2-oxoglutarate), and other cofactors (e.g., inorganic phosphate, NAD+, FAD, carnitine, CoA derivatives) between the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Thus, mitochondrial transporters play a key role in the mitochondria-cytosol cross-talk by leading metabolic pathways such as the malate/aspartate shuttle, the carnitine shuttle, the ATP export from mitochondria, and the regulation of permeability transition pore opening. Since all these pathways are crucial for maintaining healthy cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial carriers emerge as an interesting class of new possible pharmacological targets for CVD treatments.
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Knockout of the Complex III subunit Uqcrh causes bioenergetic impairment and cardiac contractile dysfunction. Mamm Genome 2022:10.1007/s00335-022-09973-w. [PMID: 36565314 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase hinge protein (UQCRH) is required for the electron transfer between cytochrome c1 and c of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 Complex (CIII). A two-exon deletion in the human UQCRH gene has recently been identified as the cause for a rare familial mitochondrial disorder. Deletion of the corresponding gene in the mouse (Uqcrh-KO) resulted in striking biochemical and clinical similarities including impairment of CIII, failure to thrive, elevated blood glucose levels, and early death. Here, we set out to test how global ablation of the murine Uqcrh affects cardiac morphology and contractility, and bioenergetics. Hearts from Uqcrh-KO mutant mice appeared macroscopically considerably smaller compared to wildtype littermate controls despite similar geometries as confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Relating TTE-assessed heart to body mass revealed the development of subtle cardiac enlargement, but histopathological analysis showed no excess collagen deposition. Nonetheless, Uqcrh-KO hearts developed pronounced contractile dysfunction. To assess mitochondrial functions, we used the high-resolution respirometer NextGen-O2k allowing measurement of mitochondrial respiratory capacity through the electron transfer system (ETS) simultaneously with the redox state of ETS-reactive coenzyme Q (Q), or production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared to wildtype littermate controls, we found decreased mitochondrial respiratory capacity and more reduced Q in Uqcrh-KO, indicative for an impaired ETS. Yet, mitochondrial ROS production was not generally increased. Taken together, our data suggest that Uqcrh-KO leads to cardiac contractile dysfunction at 9 weeks of age, which is associated with impaired bioenergetics but not with mitochondrial ROS production. Global ablation of the Uqcrh gene results in functional impairment of CIII associated with metabolic dysfunction and postnatal developmental arrest immediately after weaning from the mother. Uqcrh-KO mice show dramatically elevated blood glucose levels and decreased ability of isolated cardiac mitochondria to consume oxygen (O2). Impaired development (failure to thrive) after weaning manifests as a deficiency in the gain of body mass and growth of internal organ including the heart. The relative heart mass seemingly increases when organ mass calculated from transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is normalized to body mass. Notably, the heart shows no signs of collagen deposition, yet does develop a contractile dysfunction reflected by a decrease in ejection fraction and fractional shortening.
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Schwartz B, Gjini P, Gopal DM, Fetterman JL. Inefficient Batteries in Heart Failure: Metabolic Bottlenecks Disrupting the Mitochondrial Ecosystem. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:1161-1179. [PMID: 36687274 PMCID: PMC9849281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities have long been described in the setting of cardiomyopathies and heart failure (HF), yet the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac pathophysiology remain poorly understood. Many studies have described HF as an energy-deprived state characterized by a decline in adenosine triphosphate production, largely driven by impaired oxidative phosphorylation. However, impairments in oxidative phosphorylation extend beyond a simple decline in adenosine triphosphate production and, in fact, reflect pervasive metabolic aberrations that cannot be fully appreciated from the isolated, often siloed, interrogation of individual aspects of mitochondrial function. With the application of broader and deeper examinations into mitochondrial and metabolic systems, recent data suggest that HF with preserved ejection fraction is likely metabolically disparate from HF with reduced ejection fraction. In our review, we introduce the concept of the mitochondrial ecosystem, comprising intricate systems of metabolic pathways and dynamic changes in mitochondrial networks and subcellular locations. The mitochondrial ecosystem exists in a delicate balance, and perturbations in one component often have a ripple effect, influencing both upstream and downstream cellular pathways with effects enhanced by mitochondrial genetic variation. Expanding and deepening our vantage of the mitochondrial ecosystem in HF is critical to identifying consistent metabolic perturbations to develop therapeutics aimed at preventing and improving outcomes in HF.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ANT1, adenine translocator 1
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy
- DRP-1, dynamin-related protein 1
- EET, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
- FADH2/FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- HIF1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
- LV, left ventricle
- LVAD, left ventricular assist device
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- NADH/NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- OPA1, optic atrophy protein 1
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- PGC1-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha
- SIRT1-7, sirtuins 1-7
- cardiomyopathy
- heart failure
- iPLA2γ, Ca2+-independent mitochondrial phospholipase
- mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- metabolism
- mitochondria
- mitochondrial ecosystem
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Schwartz
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Petro Gjini
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepa M Gopal
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Falck AT, Lund BA, Johansen D, Lund T, Ytrehus K. The Ambivalence of Connexin43 Gap Peptides in Cardioprotection of the Isolated Heart against Ischemic Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710197. [PMID: 36077595 PMCID: PMC9456187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates infarct-reducing effects of blocking ischemia-induced opening of connexin43 hemichannels using peptides Gap19, Gap26 or Gap27. Cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and Gap peptides was compared, and combined treatment was tested in isolated, perfused male rat hearts using function and infarct size after global ischemia, high-resolution respirometry of isolated mitochondrial and peptide binding kinetics as endpoints. The Gap peptides reduced infarct size significantly when given prior to ischemia plus at reperfusion (Gap19 76.2 ± 2.7, Gap26 72.9 ± 5.8 and Gap27 71.9 ± 5.8% of untreated control infarcts, mean ± SEM). Cardioprotection was lost when Gap26, but not Gap27 or Gap19, was combined with triggering IPC (IPC 73.4 ± 5.5, Gap19-IPC 60.9 ± 5.1, Gap26-IPC 109.6 ± 7.8, Gap27-IPC 56.3 ± 8.0% of untreated control infarct). Binding stability of peptide Gap26 to its specific extracellular loop sequence (EL2) of connexin43 was stronger than Gap27 to its corresponding loop EL1 (dissociation rate constant Kd 0.061 ± 0.004 vs. 0.0043 ± 0.0001 s-1, mean ± SD). Mitochondria from IPC hearts showed slightly but significantly reduced respiratory control ratio (RCR). In vitro addition of Gap peptides did not significantly alter respiration. If transient hemichannel activity is part of the IPC triggering event, inhibition of IPC triggering stimuli might limit the use of cardioprotective Gap peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Tank Falck
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjarte Aarmo Lund
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - David Johansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trine Lund
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Kumar RA, Thome T, Sharaf OM, Ryan TE, Arnaoutakis GJ, Jeng EI, Ferreira LF. Reversible Thiol Oxidation Increases Mitochondrial Electron Transport Complex Enzyme Activity but Not Respiration in Cardiomyocytes from Patients with End-Stage Heart Failure. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152292. [PMID: 35892589 PMCID: PMC9330889 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte dysfunction in patients with end-stage heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) stems from mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to an energetic crisis. Mitochondrial dysfunction reportedly relates to increased markers of oxidative stress, but the impact of reversible thiol oxidation on myocardial mitochondrial function in patients with HFrEF has not been investigated. In the present study, we assessed mitochondrial function in ventricular biopsies from patients with end-stage HFrEF in the presence and absence of the thiol-reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). Isolated mitochondria exposed to DTT had increased enzyme activity of complexes I (p = 0.009) and III (p = 0.018) of the electron transport system, while complexes II (p = 0.630) and IV (p = 0.926) showed no changes. However, increased enzyme activity did not carry over to measurements of mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized bundles. Oxidative phosphorylation conductance (p = 0.439), maximal respiration (p = 0.312), and ADP sensitivity (p = 0.514) were unchanged by 5 mM DTT treatment. These results indicate that mitochondrial function can be modulated through reversible thiol oxidation, but other components of mitochondrial energy transfer are rate limiting in end-stage HFrEF. Optimal therapies to normalize cardiac mitochondrial respiration in patients with end-stage HFrEF may benefit from interventions to reverse thiol oxidation, which limits complex I and III activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi A. Kumar
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.A.K.); (T.T.); (T.E.R.)
| | - Trace Thome
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.A.K.); (T.T.); (T.E.R.)
| | - Omar M. Sharaf
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Terence E. Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.A.K.); (T.T.); (T.E.R.)
| | - George J. Arnaoutakis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (G.J.A.); (E.I.J.)
| | - Eric I. Jeng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (G.J.A.); (E.I.J.)
| | - Leonardo F. Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.A.K.); (T.T.); (T.E.R.)
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-294-1724
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Risiglione P, Cubisino SAM, Lipari CLR, De Pinto V, Messina A, Magrì A. α-Synuclein A53T Promotes Mitochondrial Proton Gradient Dissipation and Depletion of the Organelle Respiratory Reserve in a Neuroblastoma Cell Line. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060894. [PMID: 35743925 PMCID: PMC9225574 DOI: 10.3390/life12060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
α-synuclein (αSyn) is a small neuronal protein whose accumulation correlates with Parkinson’s disease. αSyn A53T mutant impairs mitochondrial functions by affecting substrate import within the organelle, activity of complex I and the maximal respiratory capacity. However, the precise mechanism initiating the bioenergetic dysfunction is not clearly understood yet. By overexpressing αSyn A53T in SH-SY5Y cells, we investigated the specific changes in the mitochondrial respiratory profile using High-Resolution Respirometry. We found that αSyn A53T increases dissipative fluxes across the intermembrane mitochondrial space: this does not compromise the oxygen flows devoted to ATP production while it reduces the bioenergetic excess capacity of mitochondria, providing a possible explanation of the increased cell susceptibility observed in the presence of further stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Risiglione
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy; (P.R.); (S.A.M.C.); (C.L.R.L.); (V.D.P.)
| | - Salvatore Antonio Maria Cubisino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy; (P.R.); (S.A.M.C.); (C.L.R.L.); (V.D.P.)
| | - Cristiana Lucia Rita Lipari
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy; (P.R.); (S.A.M.C.); (C.L.R.L.); (V.D.P.)
| | - Vito De Pinto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy; (P.R.); (S.A.M.C.); (C.L.R.L.); (V.D.P.)
- we.MitoBiotech S.R.L., Corso Italia 172, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- we.MitoBiotech S.R.L., Corso Italia 172, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Magrì
- we.MitoBiotech S.R.L., Corso Italia 172, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.M.)
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Scheffer DDL, Garcia AA, Lee L, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Mitochondrial Fusion, Fission, and Mitophagy in Cardiac Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:844-863. [PMID: 35044229 PMCID: PMC9125524 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria play a critical role in the physiology of the heart by controlling cardiac metabolism, function, and remodeling. Accumulation of fragmented and damaged mitochondria is a hallmark of cardiac diseases. Recent Advances: Disruption of quality control systems that maintain mitochondrial number, size, and shape through fission/fusion balance and mitophagy results in dysfunctional mitochondria, defective mitochondrial segregation, impaired cardiac bioenergetics, and excessive oxidative stress. Critical Issues: Pharmacological tools that improve the cardiac pool of healthy mitochondria through inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission, boosting mitochondrial fusion, or increasing the clearance of damaged mitochondria have emerged as promising approaches to improve the prognosis of heart diseases. Future Directions: There is a reasonable amount of preclinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of molecules targeting mitochondrial fission and fusion to treat cardiac diseases. The current and future challenges are turning these lead molecules into treatments. Clinical studies focusing on acute (i.e., myocardial infarction) and chronic (i.e., heart failure) cardiac diseases are needed to validate the effectiveness of such strategies in improving mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, and cardiac function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 844-863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ann Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julio Cesar Batista Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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20
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Lemieux H, Blier PU. Exploring Thermal Sensitivities and Adaptations of Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathways. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040360. [PMID: 35448547 PMCID: PMC9025460 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature shifts are a major challenge to animals; they drive adaptations in organisms and species, and affect all physiological functions in ectothermic organisms. Understanding the origin and mechanisms of these adaptations is critical for determining whether ectothermic organisms will be able to survive when faced with global climate change. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is thought to be an important metabolic player in this regard, since the capacity of the mitochondria to produce energy greatly varies according to temperature. However, organism survival and fitness depend not only on how much energy is produced, but, more precisely, on how oxidative phosphorylation is affected and which step of the process dictates thermal sensitivity. These questions need to be addressed from a new perspective involving a complex view of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and its related pathways. In this review, we examine the effect of temperature on the commonly measured pathways, but mainly focus on the potential impact of lesser-studied pathways and related steps, including the electron-transferring flavoprotein pathway, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, choline dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenase, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. Our objective is to reveal new avenues of research that can address the impact of temperature on oxidative phosphorylation in all its complexity to better portray the limitations and the potential adaptations of aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6C 4G9, Canada
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (P.U.B.)
| | - Pierre U. Blier
- Department Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (P.U.B.)
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Napso T, Lean SC, Lu M, Mort EJ, Desforges M, Moghimi A, Bartels B, El‐Bacha T, Fowden AL, Camm EJ, Sferruzzi‐Perri AN. Diet-induced maternal obesity impacts feto-placental growth and induces sex-specific alterations in placental morphology, mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13795. [PMID: 35114078 PMCID: PMC9286839 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The current study investigated the impact of maternal obesity on placental phenotype in relation to fetal growth and sex. METHODS Female C57BL6/J mice were fed either a diet high in fat and sugar or a standard chow diet, for 6 weeks prior to, and during, pregnancy. At day 19 of gestation, placental morphology and mitochondrial respiration and dynamics were assessed using high-resolution respirometry, stereology, and molecular analyses. RESULTS Diet-induced maternal obesity increased the rate of small for gestational age fetuses in both sexes, and increased blood glucose concentrations in offspring. Placental weight, surface area, and maternal blood spaces were decreased in both sexes, with reductions in placental trophoblast volume, oxygen diffusing capacity, and an increased barrier to transfer in males only. Despite these morphological changes, placental mitochondrial respiration was unaffected by maternal obesity, although the influence of fetal sex on placental respiratory capacity varied between dietary groups. Moreover, in males, but not females, maternal obesity increased mitochondrial complexes (II and ATP synthase) and fission protein DRP1 abundance. It also reduced phosphorylated AMPK and capacity for lipid synthesis, while increasing indices of oxidative stress, specifically in males. In females only, placental mitochondrial biogenesis and capacity for lipid synthesis, were both enhanced. The abundance of uncoupling protein-2 was decreased by maternal obesity in both fetal sexes. CONCLUSION Maternal obesity exerts sex-dependent changes in placental phenotype in association with alterations in fetal growth and substrate supply. These findings may inform the design of personalized lifestyle interventions or therapies for obese pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Napso
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Samantha C. Lean
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Minhui Lu
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Emily J. Mort
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Michelle Desforges
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Ali Moghimi
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Westmead New South Wales Australia
- Department of Paediatrics Monash University Monash Victoria Australia
| | - Beverly Bartels
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Tatiana El‐Bacha
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Abigail L. Fowden
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Emily J. Camm
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Amanda N. Sferruzzi‐Perri
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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22
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Lin IC, Wu CW, Lin YJ, Lo MH, Hsieh KS, Chan JYH, Wu KLH. Milrinone effects on cardiac mitochondria, hemodynamics, and death in catecholamine-infused rats. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1309-1315. [PMID: 35121850 PMCID: PMC8814569 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholamine-storm is considered the major cause of enterovirus 71-associated cardiopulmonary death. To elucidate the effect of milrinone on cardiac mitochondria and death, a rat model of catecholamine-induced heart failure was investigated. METHODS Young male Spray-Dawley rats received a continuous intravenous infusion of norepinephrine then followed by co-treatment with and without milrinone or esmolol. Vital signs were monitored and echocardiography was performed at indicated time points. At the end of experiments, hearts were extracted to study mitochondrial function, biogenesis, and DNA copy numbers. RESULTS Hypernorepinephrinemia induced persistent tachycardia, hypertension, and high mortality and significantly impaired the activities of the electron transport chain and suppressed mitochondrial DNA copy number, mitochondrial transcription factor A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α. Norepinephrine-induced hypertension could be significantly suppressed by milrinone and esmolol. Milrinone improved but esmolol deteriorated the survival rate. The left ventricle was significantly enlarged shortly after norepinephrine infusion but later gradually reduced in size by milrinone. The impairment and suppression of mitochondrial function could be significantly reversed by milrinone but not by esmolol. CONCLUSIONS Milrinone may protect the heart via maintaining mitochondrial function from hypernorepinephrinemia. This study warrants the importance of milrinone and the preservation of mitochondrial function in the treatment of catecholamine-induced death. IMPACT Milrinone may protect the heart from hypernorepinephrinemia-induced death via maintaining myocardial mitochondrial activity, function, and copy number. Maintenance of cardiac mitochondrial function may be a potential therapeutic strategy in such catecholamine-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- grid.413804.aInstitute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Lin
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hung Lo
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Sheng Hsieh
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital—Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- grid.413804.aInstitute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- grid.413804.aInstitute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.469082.10000 0004 0634 2650Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan
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23
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Wu C, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Liu X. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial therapies in heart failure. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106038. [PMID: 34929300 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide in the last decade, accompanied by immense health and economic burdens. Heart failure (HF), as the terminal stage of many cardiovascular diseases, is a common, intractable, and costly medical condition. Despite significant improvements in pharmacologic and device therapies over the years, life expectancy for this disease remains poor. Current therapies have not reversed the trends in morbidity and mortality as expected. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel potential therapeutic agents. Although the pathophysiology of the failing heart is extraordinarily complex, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction can be an effective approach for potential treatment. Increasing evidence has shown that mitochondrial abnormalities, including altered metabolic substrate utilization, impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, are closely related to HF. Here, we reviewed the findings on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in HF, along with novel mitochondrial therapeutics and their pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chennan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Liu N, Kataoka M, Wang Y, Pu L, Dong X, Fu X, Zhang F, Gao F, Liang T, Pei J, Xiao C, Qiu Q, Hong T, Chen Q, Zhao J, Zhu L, He J, Hu X, Nie Y, Zhu W, Yu H, Cowan DB, Hu X, Wang J, Wang DZ, Chen J. LncRNA LncHrt preserves cardiac metabolic homeostasis and heart function by modulating the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:48. [PMID: 34379189 PMCID: PMC8357683 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic modulation is a promising therapeutic approach to prevent adverse remodeling of the ischemic heart. Because little is known about the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating cardiac metabolism, we used unbiased transcriptome profiling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). We identified a novel cardiomyocyte-enriched lncRNA, called LncHrt, which regulates metabolism and the pathophysiological processes that lead to heart failure. AAV-based LncHrt overexpression protects the heart from MI as demonstrated by improved contractile function, preserved metabolic homeostasis, and attenuated maladaptive remodeling responses. RNA-pull down followed by mass spectrometry and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) identified SIRT2 as a LncHrt-interacting protein involved in cardiac metabolic regulation. Mechanistically, we established that LncHrt interacts with SIRT2 to preserve SIRT2 deacetylase activity by interfering with the CDK5 and SIRT2 interaction. This increases downstream LKB1-AMPK kinase signaling, which ameliorates functional and metabolic deficits. Importantly, we found the expression of the human homolog of mouse LncHrt was decreased in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Together, these studies identify LncHrt as a cardiac metabolic regulator that plays an essential role in preserving heart function by regulating downstream metabolic signaling pathways. Consequently, LncHrt is a potentially novel RNA-based therapeutic target for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Linbin Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xuyang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Tian Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Jianqiu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Changchen Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qiongzi Qiu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Tingting Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qiming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lianlian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Junhua He
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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With a grain of salt: Sodium elevation and metabolic remodelling in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 161:106-115. [PMID: 34371034 PMCID: PMC7611640 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevated intracellular Na (Nai) and metabolic impairment are interrelated pathophysiological features of the failing heart (HF). There have been a number of studies showing that myocardial sodium elevation subtly affects mitochondrial function. During contraction, mitochondrial calcium (Camito) stimulates a variety of TCA cycle enzymes, thereby providing reducing equivalents to maintain ATP supply. Nai elevation has been shown to impact Camito; however, whether metabolic remodelling in HF is caused by increased Nai has only been recently demonstrated. This novel insight may help to elucidate the contribution of metabolic remodelling in the pathophysiology of HF, the lack of efficacy of current HF therapies and a rationale for the development of future metabolism-targeting treatments. Here we review the relationship between Na pump inhibition, elevated Nai, and altered metabolic profile in the context of HF and their link to metabolic (in)flexibility and mitochondrial reprogramming.
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Cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin after ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9544. [PMID: 33953281 PMCID: PMC8100147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), reduces mortality and hospitalisation for heart failure following myocardial infarction irrespective of diabetes status. While the findings suggest an inherent cardioprotective capacity, the mechanism remains unknown. We studied infarct size (IS) ex-vivo in isolated hearts exposed to global IR injury and in-vivo in rats subjected to regional myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, in whom we followed left ventricular dysfunction for 28 days. We compared rats that were given EMPA orally for 7 days before, EMPA 1.5 h before IR injury and at onset of reperfusion and continued orally during the follow-up period. We used echocardiography, high resolution respirometry, microdialysis and plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate to assess myocardial performance, mitochondrial respiration and intermediary metabolism, respectively. Pretreatment with EMPA for 7 days reduced IS in-vivo (65 ± 7% vs. 46 ± 8%, p < 0.0001 while administration 1.5 h before IR, at onset of reperfusion or ex-vivo did not. EMPA alleviated LV dysfunction irrespective of the reduction in IS. EMPA improved mitochondrial respiration and modulated myocardial interstitial metabolism while the concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid was only transiently increased without any association with IS reduction. EMPA reduces infarct size and yields cardioprotection in non-diabetic rats with ischemic LV dysfunction by an indirect, delayed intrinsic mechanism that also improves systolic function beyond infarct size reduction. The mechanism involves enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and modulated myocardial metabolism but not hyperketonemia.
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27
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Liu X, Gao S, Gao H, Jiang X, Wei Q. Mitochondrial Disruption Is Involved in the Effect of Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells, Cytoplasmic 4 on Aggravating Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:557-569. [PMID: 33951694 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 4 (NFATc4), a nuclear transcription factor, has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy through the enhancement of hypertrophic gene expression. However, the role of NFATc4 in mitochondrial modulation is mostly unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the role of NFATc4 in regulating mitochondrial function during phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our results showed that overexpression of NFATc4 aggravated the PE-induced decrease in mitochondrial genesis, membrane potential, and mitochondrial gene expression as well as impaired mitochondrial respiration. However, knockdown of NFATc4 relieved PE-induced perturbations in mitochondria and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mechanistically, by activating phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 and promoting a combination of AKT and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1, phosphorylation and sequential acetylation of PGC-1α were aggravated by NFATc4 and suppressed the activity of PGC-1α. In conclusion, NFATc4-regulated factors were shown to be associated with mitochondrial function and exacerbated PE-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings revealed new roles of NFATc4 in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China ; and
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China ; and
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China ; and
| | - Qiqiu Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China ; and
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Wang NN, Xu HH, Zhou W, Yang HX, Wang J, Ma ZC, Gao Y. Aconitine attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction of cardiomyocytes via promoting deacetylation of cyclophilin-D mediated by sirtuin-3. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113765. [PMID: 33418031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconite is a processed product of seminal root of perennial herbaceous plant Aconitum Carmichaclii Debx. of Ranunculaceae. It has the effects of warming and tonifying heart yang and restoring yang to save from collapse. Aconitine is the main effective constituent of aconite and used to prevent and treat heart disease. However, how aconitine exerts myocardial protection is still poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aconitine on mitochondrial dysfunction and explore its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model of myocardial injury was induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) (1 × 10-6 mol L-1), and H9c2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of aconitine. The effect of aconitine on mitochondrial was determined by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, luciferase, Seahorse technique and Western blot. The effects of aconitine on sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) activity and Cyclophilin D (CypD) acetylation were detected by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We demonstrate that aconitine alleviates the energy metabolic dysfunction of H9c2 cells by activating Sirt3 to deacetylate CypD and inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. In cardiomyocytes, aconitine significantly reduced mitochondrial fragmentation, inhibited acetylation of CypD, suppressed the mPTP opening, mitigated mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders, and improved the synthesis ability of ATP. In contrast, Sirt3 deficiency abolished the effects of aconitine on mPTP and OXPHOS, indicating that aconitine improves mitochondrial function by activating Sirt3. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that aconitine attenuated the energy metabolism disorder by promoting Sirt3 expression and reducing CypD-mediated mPTP excess openness, rescuing mitochondrial function. Improve mitochondrial function may be a therapeutic approach for treating heart disease, which will generate fresh insight into the cardioprotective of aconitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huan-Hua Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hong-Xing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Israr MZ, Bernieh D, Salzano A, Cassambai S, Yazaki Y, Heaney LM, Jones DJL, Ng LL, Suzuki T. Association of gut-related metabolites with outcome in acute heart failure. Am Heart J 2021; 234:71-80. [PMID: 33454370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-related metabolite, is associated with heart failure (HF) outcomes. However, TMAO is the final product of a complex metabolic pathway (ie, choline/carnitine) that has never been entirely investigated in HF. The present study investigates a panel of metabolites involved in the TMAO-choline/carnitine metabolic pathway for their associations with outcome in acute HF patients. METHODS In total, 806 plasma samples from acute HF patients were analyzed for TMAO, trimethyllysine, L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine, crotonobetaine, trimethylamine, betaine aldehyde, choline, and betaine using a developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Associations with outcome of all-cause mortality (death) and a composite of all-cause mortality and/or rehospitalization caused by HF (death/HF) at 30 days and 1 year were investigated. RESULTS TMAO, trimethyllysine, L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and γ-butyrobetaine were associated with death and death/HF at 30 days (short term; hazard ratio 1.30-1.49, P≤ .021) and at 1 year (long term; hazard ratio 1.15-1.25, P≤ .026) when adjusted for cardiac risk factors. L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine were superior for short-term outcomes whereas TMAO was the superior metabolite for association with long-term outcomes. Furthermore, acetyl-L-carnitine and L-carnitine were superior for in-hospital mortality and improved risk stratification when combined with current clinical risk scores (ie, Acute Decompensated HEart Failure National REgistry, Organized Program To Initiate Lifesaving Treatment In Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure, and Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure; odds ratio (OR) ≥ 1.52, P≤ .020). CONCLUSIONS Carnitine-related metabolites show associations with adverse outcomes in acute HF, in particular L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine for short-term outcomes, and TMAO for long-term outcomes. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role and implications of carnitine metabolites including intervention in the pathogenesis of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Israr
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Bernieh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Shabana Cassambai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshiyuki Yazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Liam M Heaney
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom; School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J L Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, RKCSB, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Leong L Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom.
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Vidimce J, Pillay J, Shrestha N, Dong LF, Neuzil J, Wagner KH, Holland OJ, Bulmer AC. Mitochondrial Function, Fatty Acid Metabolism, and Body Composition in the Hyperbilirubinemic Gunn Rat. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:586715. [PMID: 33762933 PMCID: PMC7982585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.586715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating bilirubin is associated with reduced adiposity in human and animal studies. A possible explanation is provided by in vitro data that demonstrates that bilirubin inhibits mitochondrial function and decreases efficient energy production. However, it remains unclear whether hyperbilirubinemic animals have similar perturbed mitochondrial function and whether this is important for regulation of energy homeostasis. Aim: To investigate the impact of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia on body composition, and mitochondrial function in hepatic tissue and skeletal muscle. Materials and Methods: 1) Food intake and bodyweight gain of 14-week old hyperbilirubinemic Gunn (n = 19) and normobilirubinemic littermate (control; n = 19) rats were measured over a 17-day period. 2) Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and by measuring organ and skeletal muscle masses. 3) Mitochondrial function was assessed using high-resolution respirometry of homogenized liver and intact permeabilized extensor digitorum longus and soleus fibers. 4) Liver tissue was flash frozen for later gene (qPCR), protein (Western Blot and citrate synthase activity) and lipid analysis. Results: Female hyperbilirubinemic rats had significantly reduced fat mass (Gunn: 9.94 ± 5.35 vs. Control: 16.6 ± 6.90 g, p < 0.05) and hepatic triglyceride concentration (Gunn: 2.39 ± 0.92 vs. Control: 4.65 ± 1.67 mg g-1, p < 0.01) compared to normobilirubinemic controls. Furthermore, hyperbilirubinemic rats consumed fewer calories daily (p < 0.01) and were less energetically efficient (Gunn: 8.09 ± 5.75 vs. Control: 14.9 ± 5.10 g bodyweight kcal-1, p < 0.05). Hepatic mitochondria of hyperbilirubinemic rats demonstrated increased flux control ratio (FCR) via complex I and II (CI+II) (Gunn: 0.78 ± 0.16 vs. Control: 0.62 ± 0.09, p < 0.05). Similarly, exogenous addition of 31.3 or 62.5 μM unconjugated bilirubin to control liver homogenates significantly increased CI+II FCR (p < 0.05). Hepatic PGC-1α gene expression was significantly increased in hyperbilirubinemic females while FGF21 and ACOX1 was significantly greater in male hyperbilirubinemic rats (p < 0.05). Finally, hepatic mitochondrial complex IV subunit 1 protein expression was significantly increased in female hyperbilirubinemic rats (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This is the first study to comprehensively assess body composition, fat metabolism, and mitochondrial function in hyperbilirubinemic rats. Our findings show that hyperbilirubinemia is associated with reduced fat mass, and increased hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis, specifically in female animals, suggesting a dual role of elevated bilirubin and reduced UGT1A1 function on adiposity and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josif Vidimce
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Johara Pillay
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Lan-Feng Dong
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Wigner P, Zielinski K, Labieniec-Watala M, Marczak A, Szwed M. Doxorubicin-transferrin conjugate alters mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism in human breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4544. [PMID: 33633284 PMCID: PMC7907108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is considered one of the most powerful chemotherapeutic agents but its clinical use has several limitations, including cardiomyopathy and cellular resistance to the drug. By using transferrin (Tf) as a drug carrier, however, the adverse effects of doxorubicin as well as drug resistance can be reduced. The main objective of this study was to determine the exact nature and extent to which mitochondrial function is influenced by DOX-Tf conjugate treatment, specifically in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. We assessed the potential of DOX-Tf conjugate as a drug delivery system, monitoring its cytotoxicity using the MTT assay and ATP measurements. Moreover, we measured the alterations of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers. The effect of DOX-Tf was the most pronounced in MDA-MB-231, triple-negative breast cancer cells, whereas non-cancer endothelial HUVEC-ST cells were more resistant to DOX-Tf conjugate than to free DOX treatment. A different sensitivity of two investigate breast cancer cell lines corresponded to the functionality of their cellular antioxidant systems and expression of estrogen receptors. Our data also revealed that conjugate treatment mediated free radical generation and altered the mitochondrial bioenergetics in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zielinski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Labieniec-Watala
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Szwed
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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32
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Ness H, Ljones K, Pinho M, Høydal M. Acute high-intensity aerobic exercise increases gene expression of calcium-related proteins and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in diabetic hearts. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Regular aerobic exercise training has a wide range of beneficial cardiac effects, but recent data also show that acute very strenuous aerobic exercise may impose a transient cardiac exhaustion. The aim of this study was to assess the response to acute high-intensity aerobic exercise on properties of mitochondrial respiration, cardiomyocyte contractile function, Ca2+ handling and transcriptional changes for key proteins facilitating Ca2+ handling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses in type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetic mice were assigned to either sedentary control or an acute bout of exercise, consisting of a 10×4 minutes high-intensity interval treadmill run. Mitochondrial respiration, contractile and Ca2+ handling properties of cardiomyocytes were analysed 1 hour after completion of exercise. Gene expression levels of key Ca2+ handling and ER stress response proteins were measured in cardiac tissue samples harvested 1 hour and 24 hours after exercise. We found no significant changes in mitochondrial respiration, cardiomyocyte contractile function or Ca2+ handling 1 hour after the acute exercise. However, gene expression of Atp2a2, Slc8a1 and Ryr2, encoding proteins involved in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling, were all significantly upregulated 24 hours after the acute exercise bout. Acute exercise also altered gene expression of several key proteins in ER stress response and unfolded protein response, including Grp94, total Xbp1, Gadd34, and Atf6. The present results show that despite no significant alterations in functional properties of cardiomyocyte function, Ca2+ handling or mitochondrial respiration following one bout of high intensity aerobic exercise training, the expression of genes involved in Ca2+ handling and key components in ER stress and the unfolded protein response were changed. These transcriptional changes may constitute important steps in initiating adaptive remodelling to exercise training in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.O. Ness
- NTNU, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 9, Trondheim, 7489, Norway
| | - K. Ljones
- NTNU, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 9, Trondheim, 7489, Norway
| | - M. Pinho
- NTNU, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 9, Trondheim, 7489, Norway
| | - M.A. Høydal
- NTNU, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 9, Trondheim, 7489, Norway
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Ganguly E, Kirschenman R, Spaans F, Holody CD, Phillips TEJ, Case CP, Cooke CLM, Murphy MP, Lemieux H, Davidge ST. Nanoparticle-encapsulated antioxidant improves placental mitochondrial function in a sexually dimorphic manner in a rat model of prenatal hypoxia. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21338. [PMID: 33428278 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002193r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy complications associated with prenatal hypoxia lead to increased placental oxidative stress. Previous studies suggest that prenatal hypoxia can reduce mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial fusion, which could lead to placental dysfunction and impaired fetal development. We developed a placenta-targeted treatment strategy using a mitochondrial antioxidant, MitoQ, encapsulated into nanoparticles (nMitoQ) to reduce placental oxidative stress and (indirectly) improve fetal outcomes. We hypothesized that, in a rat model of prenatal hypoxia, nMitoQ improves placental mitochondrial function and promotes mitochondrial fusion in both male and female placentae. Pregnant rats were treated with saline or nMitoQ on gestational day (GD) 15 and exposed to normoxia (21% O2 ) or hypoxia (11% O2 ) from GD15-21. On GD21, male and female placental labyrinth zones were collected for mitochondrial respirometry assessments, mitochondrial content, and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission. Prenatal hypoxia reduced complex IV activity and fusion in male placentae, while nMitoQ improved complex IV activity in hypoxic male placentae. In female placentae, prenatal hypoxia decreased respiration through the S-pathway (complex II) and increased N-pathway (complex I) respiration, while nMitoQ increased fusion in hypoxic female placentae. No changes in mitochondrial content, biogenesis or fission were found. In conclusion, nMitoQ improved placental mitochondrial function in male and female placentae from fetuses exposed to prenatal hypoxia, which may contribute to improved placental function. However, the mechanisms (ie, changes in mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial fusion) were distinct between the sexes. Treatment strategies targeted against placental oxidative stress could improve placental mitochondrial function in complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Claudia D Holody
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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34
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Holody C, Anfray A, Mast H, Lessard M, Han WH, Carpenter R, Bourque S, Sauvé Y, Lemieux H. Differences in relative capacities of oxidative phosphorylation pathways may explain sex- and tissue-specific susceptibility to vision defects due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:102-110. [PMID: 33271347 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major cause and/or contributor to the development and progression of vision defects in many ophthalmologic and mitochondrial diseases. Despite their mechanistic commonality, these diseases exhibit an impressive variety in sex- and tissue-specific penetrance, incidence, and severity. Currently, there is no functional explanation for these differences. We measured the function, relative capacities, and patterns of control of various oxidative phosphorylation pathways in the retina, the eyecup, the extraocular muscles, the optic nerve, and the sciatic nerve of adult male and female rats. We show that the control of mitochondrial respiratory pathways in the visual system is sex- and tissue-specific and that this may be an important factor in determining susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction between these groups. The optic nerve showed a low relative capacity of the NADH pathway, depending on complex I, compared to other tissues relying mainly on mitochondria for energy production. Furthermore, NADH pathway capacity is higher in females compared to males, and this sexual dimorphism occurs only in the optic nerve. Our results propose an explanation for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, a mitochondrial disease more prevalent in males where the principal tissue affected is the optic nerve. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and provide functional explanations for differences in the occurrence and severity of visual defects between tissues and between sexes. Our results highlight the importance of considering sex- and tissue-specific mitochondrial function in elucidating pathophysiological mechanisms of visual defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Holody
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children Research Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Dept. of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anaïs Anfray
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Mast
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martin Lessard
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Woo Hyun Han
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rowan Carpenter
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephane Bourque
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children Research Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Dept. of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yves Sauvé
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children Research Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Dept. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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35
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Cao Z, Liu H, Zhao B, Pang Q, Zhang X. Extreme Environmental Stress-Induced Biological Responses in the Planarian. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7164230. [PMID: 32596359 PMCID: PMC7305541 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7164230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Planarians are bilaterally symmetric metazoans of the phylum Platyhelminthes. They have well-defined anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes and have a highly structured true brain which consists of all neural cell types and neuropeptides found in a vertebrate. Planarian flatworms are famous for their strong regenerative ability; they can easily regenerate any part of the body including the complete neoformation of a functional brain within a few days and can survive a series of extreme environmental stress. Nowadays, they are an emerging model system in the field of developmental, regenerative, and stem cell biology and have offered lots of helpful information for these realms. In this review, we will summarize the response of planarians to some typical environmental stress and hope to shed light on basic mechanisms of how organisms interact with extreme environmental stress and survive it, such as altered gravity, temperature, and oxygen, and this information will help researchers improve the design in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
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36
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Chen Y, Li R, Zhu Y, Zhong S, Qian J, Yang D, Jurczyszyn A, Beksac M, Gu C, Yang Y. Dihydroartemisinin Induces Growth Arrest and Overcomes Dexamethasone Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:767. [PMID: 32500030 PMCID: PMC7242728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of artemisinin (ART) for malaria treatment won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine, which inspired the rediscovery and development of ART for the treatment of other diseases including cancer. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of ART and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on multiple myeloma (MM) cells including primary MM cells and in 5TMM3VT mouse model. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that DHA might be a more promising anti-MM agent with significantly improved efficacy compared to ART. Mechanistic analyses suggested that DHA activated the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by interacting with ferrous (Fe2+) ions and oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intriguingly, DHA could reverse the upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein, a typical mitochondrial apoptotic marker, induced by dexamethasone (Dexa) in MM. We further demonstrated that DHA treatment could overcome Dexa resistance and enhance Dexa efficacy in MM. Additionally, DHA combined with Dexa resulted in increased ROS production and cytochrome C translocation from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, resulting in alterations to the mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-mediated apoptosis. In summary, our study demonstrated that DHA was superior to ART in MM treatment and overcame Dexa resistance both in vitro and in vivo, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sixia Zhong
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongqing Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Department of Hematology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chunyan Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Combination of Acupuncture and Chinese Materia Medica of Chinese Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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37
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Miranda‐Silva D, Wüst RCI, Conceição G, Gonçalves‐Rodrigues P, Gonçalves N, Gonçalves A, Kuster DWD, Leite‐Moreira AF, Velden J, Sousa Beleza JM, Magalhães J, Stienen GJM, Falcão‐Pires I. Disturbed cardiac mitochondrial and cytosolic calcium handling in a metabolic risk-related rat model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13378. [PMID: 31520455 PMCID: PMC7064935 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Calcium ions play a pivotal role in matching energy supply and demand in cardiac muscle. Mitochondrial calcium concentration is lower in animal models of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but limited information is available about mitochondrial calcium handling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). METHODS We assessed mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in intact cardiomyocytes from Zucker/fatty Spontaneously hypertensive F1 hybrid (ZSF1)-lean (control) and ZSF1-obese rats, a metabolic risk-related model of HFpEF. A mitochondrially targeted Ca2+ indicator (MitoCam) was expressed in cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes. Cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ transients were measured at different stimulation frequencies. Mitochondrial respiration and swelling, and expression of key proteins were determined ex vivo. RESULTS At rest, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration in ZSF1-obese was larger than in ZSF1-lean. The diastolic and systolic mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations increased with stimulation frequency, but the steady-state levels were larger in ZSF1-obese. The half-widths of the contractile responses, the resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the decay half-times of the cytosolic Ca2+ transients were higher in ZSF1-obese, likely because of a lower SERCA2a/phospholamban ratio. Mitochondrial respiration was lower, particularly with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) (complex I) substrates, and mitochondrial swelling was larger in ZSF1-obese. CONCLUSION The free mitochondrial calcium concentration is higher in HFpEF owing to alterations in mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca2+ handling. This coupling between cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels may compensate for myocardial ATP supply in vivo under conditions of mild mitochondrial dysfunction. However, if mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration is sustainedly increased, it might trigger mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miranda‐Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology Cardiovascular R & D center Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Rob C. I. Wüst
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC VUmc Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences Laboratory for Myology Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Amsterdam Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Glória Conceição
- Department of Surgery and Physiology Cardiovascular R & D center Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Patrícia Gonçalves‐Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Physiology Cardiovascular R & D center Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Nádia Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology Cardiovascular R & D center Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology Cardiovascular R & D center Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Diederik W. D. Kuster
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC VUmc Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Adelino F. Leite‐Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology Cardiovascular R & D center Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Jolanda Velden
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC VUmc Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Jorge M. Sousa Beleza
- LaMetEx—Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise Faculty of Sport Cardiovascular Research Center - UniC, University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- LaMetEx—Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise Faculty of Sport Cardiovascular Research Center - UniC, University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Ger J. M. Stienen
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC VUmc Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Inês Falcão‐Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology Cardiovascular R & D center Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto Portugal
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Schneider J, Han WH, Matthew R, Sauvé Y, Lemieux H. Age and sex as confounding factors in the relationship between cardiac mitochondrial function and type 2 diabetes in the Nile Grass rat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228710. [PMID: 32084168 PMCID: PMC7034865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study revisits the role of cardiac mitochondrial adjustments during the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while considering age and sex as potential confounding factors. We used the Nile Grass rats (NRs) as the animal model. After weaning, animals were fed either a Standard Rodent Chow Diet (SRCD group) or a Mazuri Chinchilla Diet (MCD group) consisting of high-fiber and low-fat content. Both males and females in the SRCD group, exhibited increased body mass, body mass index, and plasma insulin compared to the MCD group animals. However, the females were able to preserve their fasting blood glucose throughout the age range on both diets, while the males showed significant hyperglycemia starting at 6 months in the SRCD group. In the males, a higher citrate synthase activity-a marker of mitochondrial content-was measured at 2 months in the SRCD compared to the MCD group, and this was followed by a decline with age in the SRCD group only. In contrast, females preserved their mitochondrial content throughout the age range. In the males exclusively, the complex IV capacity expressed independently of mitochondrial content varied with age in a diet-specific pattern; the capacity was elevated at 2 months in the SRCD group, and at 6 months in the MCD group. In addition, females, but not males, were able to adjust their capacity to oxidize long-chain fatty acid in accordance with the fat content of the diet. Our results show clear sexual dimorphism in the variation of mitochondrial content and oxidative phosphorylation capacity with diet and age. The SRCD not only leads to T2DM but also exacerbates age-related cardiac mitochondrial defects. These observations, specific to male NRs, might reflect deleterious dietary-induced changes on their metabolism making them more prone to the cardiovascular consequences of aging and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Schneider
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Woo Hyun Han
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Matthew
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yves Sauvé
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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39
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of new tetrahydroquinoline hybrid derivatives tethered to isoxazoline moiety. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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High resolution respirometry to assess function of mitochondria in native homogenates of human heart muscle. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226142. [PMID: 31940313 PMCID: PMC6961865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired myocardial bioenergetics is a hallmark of many cardiac diseases. There is a need of a simple and reproducible method of assessment of mitochondrial function from small human myocardial tissue samples. In this study we adopted high-resolution respirometry to homogenates of fresh human cardiac muscle and compare it with isolated mitochondria. We used atria resected during cardiac surgery (n = 18) and atria and left ventricles from brain-dead organ donors (n = 12). The protocol we developed consisting of two-step homogenization and exposure of 2.5% homogenate in a respirometer to sequential addition of 2.5 mM malate, 15 mM glutamate, 2.5 mM ADP, 10 μM cytochrome c, 10 mM succinate, 2.5 μM oligomycin, 1.5 μM FCCP, 3.5 μM rotenone, 4 μM antimycin and 1 mM KCN or 100 mM Sodium Azide. We found a linear dependency of oxygen consumption on oxygen concentration. This technique requires < 20 mg of myocardium and the preparation of the sample takes <20 min. Mitochondria in the homogenate, as compared to subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar isolated mitochondria, have comparable or better preserved integrity of outer mitochondrial membrane (increase of respiration after addition of cytochrome c is up to 11.7±1.8% vs. 15.7±3.1%, p˂0.05 and 11.7±3.5%, p = 0.99, resp.) and better efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (Respiratory Control Ratio = 3.65±0.5 vs. 3.04±0.27, p˂0.01 and 2.65±0.17, p˂0.0001, resp.). Results are reproducible with coefficient of variation between two duplicate measurements ≤8% for all indices. We found that whereas atrial myocardium contains less mitochondria than the ventricle, atrial bioenergetic profiles are comparable to left ventricle. In conclusion, high resolution respirometry has been adapted to homogenates of human cardiac muscle and shown to be reliable and reproducible.
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Wu RM, Jiang B, Li H, Dang WZ, Bao WL, Li HD, Ye G, Shen X. A network pharmacology approach to discover action mechanisms of Yangxinshi Tablet for improving energy metabolism in chronic ischemic heart failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112227. [PMID: 31509780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Most cardiovascular diseases ultimately result in heart failure, an intractable problem in modern medicine. Yangxinshi tablet (YXS) is a Chinese medicine formula that is used clinically to treat coronary heart disease. However, the active compounds, potential targets, and pharmacological and molecular mechanism of its anti-heart failure activity remain unclear. Therefore, further investigation is required. AIM OF STUDY Active ingredients and potential targets of YXS for treating heart failure have been reported previously. However, the molecular functions or biological processes of YXS in energy metabolism have not been discovered. To date, no experimental study to validate the potential anti-heart failure mechanism of YXS. The aim of this study was to study the therapeutic effect of YXS on rats with chronic ischemic heart failure by evaluating rat cardiac function and exercise tolerance, and to explore its potential mechanism by network pharmacology, western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR and histological analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this investigation, chronic ischemic heart failure rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control group (sham operation), model group (0.5% CMC-Na), trimetazidine group (positive control) and two YXS groups (low- and high-dose groups). Experimental rats were treated by gavage with 10 mg/kg/d (clinical equivalent dose) trimetazidine (TMZ), 500 mg/kg/d (clinical equivalent dose) YXS and 1000 mg/kg/d YXS, respectively, for 5 weeks. The cardiac functions of rats were detected by High-Resolution In Vivo Imaging System. We elucidated novel understanding of the active compounds of YXS in rat plasma and predicted the energy metabolism related targets and processes for heart failure. Then, we validated experimentally the targets and mechanism of YXS on these pathological processes in vivo. RESULTS It was found that YXS was able to effectively improve cardiac LVIDs, LVEDV, LVESV and EF, decrease myocardial oxygen consumption and reduce myocardial infarct size in rats with chronic ischemic heart failure was similar to that of TMZ. We identified 63 major candidate targets for YXS that are closely to heart failure progression. Enrichment analysis revealed key targets for YXS associated to oxygen delivery, glucose utilization, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Meanwhile, we validated that YXS could promote the expression of downstream HIF-1α, PGC1α and GLUT4 by increasing phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, rpS6 and AMPK. The results show that YXS could activate related PI3K/Akt/mTOR/rpS6/HIF-1α and AMPK/PGC1α/GLUT4 signaling pathways in chronic ischemic heart failure rats. Further experiments demonstrated that YXS increased mitochondrial biogenesis in chronic ischemic heart failure rats and improved exercise tolerance CONCLUSION: YXS treated chronic ischemic heart failure through activating its targets which play pivotal roles in oxygen delivery, glucose utilization and mitochondrial biogenesis to improve energy metabolism through a multi-component, multi-level, multi-target, multi-pathway and multi-mechanism approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Ming Wu
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Lian Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Ye
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang J, Li H, Sun M, Yang Y, Yang Q, Liu B, Liu F, Hu W, Zhang Y. Early Onset of Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency in Two Chinese Brothers Caused by a Homozygous (Leu275Phe) Mutation in the C1QBP Gene. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:583047. [PMID: 33344382 PMCID: PMC7738465 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.583047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases constitute a group of heterogeneous hereditary diseases caused by impairments in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and abnormal cellular energy metabolism. C1QBP plays an important role in mitochondrial homeostasis. In this study, clinical, laboratory examinations, 12-lead electrocardiographic, ultrasonic cardiogram, and magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from four members of a Chinese family. Whole exome were amplified and sequenced for the proband. The structure of protein encoded by the mutation was predicted using multiple software programs. The proband was a 14-year old boy with myocardial hypertrophy, exercise intolerance, ptosis, and increased lactate. His 9-year old brother exhibited similar clinical manifestations while the phenomenon of ptosis was not as noticeable as the proband. The onset of this disease was in infancy in both cases. They were born after uneventful pregnancies of five generation blood relative Chinese parents. A homozygous mutation (Leu275Phe) in the C1QBP gene was identified in both brothers in an autosomal recessive inherited pattern. Their parents were heterozygous mutation carriers without clinical manifestations. We demonstrated that a homozygous C1QBP- P.Leu275Phe mutation in an autosomal recessive inherited mode of inheritance caused early onset combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 33 (COXPD 33) (OMIM:617713) in two brothers from a Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianli Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bailing Liu
- Department of Ultrasound of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Radiology of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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43
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Alterations in the Mitochondrial Physiology of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) After Experimental Infection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae). Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:693-699. [PMID: 30887270 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a metastrongylid nematode that has a heteroxenous cycle, where snails act as intermediate hosts and the rodents Rattus rattus and Rattus novergicus are the definitive hosts. However, humans may act as accidental hosts presenting an atypical form of parasitism. This fact has motivated research to better understand systems of relationships involving A. cantonensis, targeting the control of species of gastropods that act as intermediary hosts. METHODS For this, six groups were formed: three control groups (uninfected) and three infected groups, exposed to approximately 1200 L1 larvae of A. cantonensis. At the end of each week (1, 2, and 3 weeks), snails were dissected without anesthesia and the gonad-digestive gland (DGG) complex was separated for determination of oxygen consumption through high-resolution titration-injection respirometer (Oroboros, Oxygraph; Innsbruck, Austria). RESULTS The results indicate suppression of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism of the host and compromised in different mitochondrial respiratory states. This effect, mainly observed in the group exposed to 1 week of infection, showed a decrease of approximately 38% (2.78 ± 0.37 pmol O2/mg of tissue; P < 0.05), 41% (2.76 ± 0.34 pmol O2/mg of tissue; P < 0.05) e 46% (2.91 ± 0.36 pmol O2/mg of tissue; P < 0.05) in the basal oxygen consumption after sequential addition (P + M), succinate and (ADP) in the respiratory medium, differing significantly from the control group. CONCLUSION The results presented indicate that the prepatent infection by this metastrongylid impairs the aerobic oxidative metabolism of its host, causing a reduction in basal oxygen consumption. This effect, observed at the start of development of the parasites, indicates that this stage is the most critical for the success of the infection, and can be explained by a reduction of the mitochondrial density of the tissue analyzed, or also by suppression of enzyme centers related to the oxidative reactions.
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44
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Jiang H, Zhang B, Jia D, Yang W, Sun A, Ge J. Insights from Exercise-induced Cardioprotection-from Clinical Application to Basic Research. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3751-3761. [PMID: 31593529 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191008102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has long been recognized as a beneficial living style for cardiovascular health. It has been applied to be a central component of cardiac rehabilitation for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), coronary heart disease (CHD), post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), post cardiac surgery or transplantation. Although the effect of exercise is multifactorial, in this review, we focus on the specific contribution of regular exercise on the heart and vascular system. We will summarize the known result of clinical findings and possible mechanisms of chronic exercise on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beijian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daile Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ljubkovic M, Gressette M, Bulat C, Cavar M, Bakovic D, Fabijanic D, Grkovic I, Lemaire C, Marinovic J. Disturbed Fatty Acid Oxidation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Apoptosis in Left Ventricle of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2019; 68:1924-1933. [PMID: 31391173 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is associated with disturbed metabolism of fat, which can result in excessive accumulation of lipids in cardiac muscle. In the current study, we assessed mitochondrial oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, lipid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in diabetic left ventricle. Left ventricular myocardium from 37 patients (a group of patients with diabetes and a group of patients without diabetes [ejection fraction >50%]) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery was obtained by subepicardial needle biopsy. The group with diabetes had a significantly decreased rate of mitochondrial respiration fueled by palmitoyl-carnitine that correlated with blood glucose dysregulation, while there was no difference in oxidation of pyruvate. Diabetic myocardium also had significantly decreased activity of hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHA) and accumulated more lipid droplets and ceramide. Also, markers of ER stress response (GRP78 and CHOP) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) were elevated in diabetic myocardium. These results show that, even in the absence of contractile failure, diabetic heart exhibits a decreased mitochondrial capacity for β-oxidation, increased accumulation of intracellular lipids, ER stress, and greater degree of apoptosis. Lower efficiency of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation may represent a potential target in combating negative effects of diabetes on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Ljubkovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Melanie Gressette
- Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, INSERM UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cristijan Bulat
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Cavar
- Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Darija Bakovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Fabijanic
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Grkovic
- Department of Anatomy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Christophe Lemaire
- Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, INSERM UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Université Versailles St-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - Jasna Marinovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Ginsenoside Rb3 regulates energy metabolism and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via activating PPARα pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109487. [PMID: 31577975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality globally. Disorders of energy metabolism and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes are critically involved in the progression of HF. Ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) is a natural product derived from ginseng that has cardio-protective effect. The pharmacological mechanism of G-Rb3 in the treatment of HF remains to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulative effects of G-Rb3 on fatty acids oxidation and apoptosis by in vivo and in vitro studies. Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced HF mice model and a cellular H9C2 injury model was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) stimulation. The results showed that G-Rb3 could protect heart functions in MI-induced HF model. G-Rb3 treatment up-regulated expressions of key enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids, including carnitine palmitoyltransterase-1α (CPT-1α), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) and the major mitochondrial deacetylase enzyme sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). The upstream transcriptional regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), was also up-regulated by G-Rb3 treatment. In vitro study demonstrated that G-Rb3 could protect mitochondrial membrane integrity and exert anti-apoptotic effects, in addition to regulating fatty acids oxidation. Impressively, after cells were co-treated with PPARα inhibitor, the regulative effects of G-Rb3 on energy metabolism and apoptosis were abrogated. Our study suggests that G-Rb3 is a promising agent and PPARα is potential target in the management of HF.
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47
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Scott KY, Matthew R, Woolcock J, Silva M, Lemieux H. Adjustments in the control of mitochondrial respiratory capacity to tolerate temperature fluctuations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.207951. [PMID: 31439652 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.207951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As the world's climate changes, life faces an evolving thermal environment. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is critical to ensure sufficient cellular energy production, and it is strongly influenced by temperature. The thermally induced changes to the regulation of specific steps within the OXPHOS process are poorly understood. In our study, we used the eurythermal species of planarian Dugesia tigrina to study the thermal sensitivity of the OXPHOS process at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. We conducted cold acclimation experiments where we measured the adjustment of specific steps in OXPHOS at two assay temperatures (10 and 20°C) following 4 weeks of acclimation under normal (22°C) or low (5°C) temperature conditions. At the low temperature, the contribution of the NADH pathway to the maximal OXPHOS capacity, in a combined pathway (NADH and succinate), was reduced. There was partial compensation by an increased contribution of the succinate pathway. As the temperature decreased, OXPHOS became more limited by the capacity of the phosphorylation system. Acclimation to the low temperature resulted in positive adjustments of the NADH pathway capacity due, at least in part, to an increase in complex I activity. The acclimation also resulted in a better match between OXPHOS and phosphorylation system capacities. Both of these adjustments following acclimation were specific to the low assay temperature. We conclude that there is substantial plasticity in the mitochondrial OXPHOS process following thermal acclimation in D. tigrina, and this probably contributes to the wide thermal range of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Y Scott
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6C 4G9
| | - Rebecca Matthew
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6C 4G9
| | - Jennifer Woolcock
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6C 4G9
| | - Maise Silva
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6C 4G9.,Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências, Salvador, Bahia, 41741-590, Brazil
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6C 4G9 .,Department of Medicine, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R7
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Abstract
Inflammatory processes underlie many diseases associated with injury of the heart muscle, including conditions without an obvious inflammatory pathogenic component such as hypertensive and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Persistence of cardiac inflammation can cause irreversible structural and functional deficits. Some are induced by direct damage of the heart muscle by cellular and soluble mediators but also by metabolic adaptations sustained by the inflammatory microenvironment. It is well established that both cardiomyocytes and immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in the site of inflammation, which allow them to deal with decreased availability of nutrients and oxygen. However, like in cancer, competition for nutrients and increased production of signalling metabolites such as lactate initiate a metabolic cross-talk between immune cells and cardiomyocytes which, we propose, might tip the balance between resolution of the inflammation versus adverse cardiac remodeling. Here we review our current understanding of the metabolic reprogramming of both heart tissue and immune cells during inflammation, and we discuss potential key mechanisms by which these metabolic responses intersect and influence each other and ultimately define the prognosis of the inflammatory process in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, G.E. Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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49
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Peng W, Cai G, Xia Y, Chen J, Wu P, Wang Z, Li G, Wei D. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:597-606. [PMID: 31095428 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles beyond powerhouses of a cell. These components also play important roles in cell homeostasis by regulating cell function and phenotypic modulation. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been increasingly associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by elevating the production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial oxidative stress damage, mitochondrial dynamics dysfunction, and energy supply. In this review, we describe the progression of the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and its potential regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Peng
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guoding Cai
- 2 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Xia
- 3 University of South China of Nursing, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Jinna Chen
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zuo Wang
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Li
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dangheng Wei
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
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Diverse Action of Selected Statins on Skeletal Muscle Cells-An Attempt to Explain the Protective Effect of Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) in Statin-Associated Myopathy (SAM). J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050694. [PMID: 31100888 PMCID: PMC6572681 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is centered on molecular mechanisms of the cytoprotective effect of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) in skeletal muscle harmed by statin-associated myopathy (SAM). GGOH via autophagy induction was purportedly assumed to prevent skeletal muscle viability impaired by statins, atorvastatin (ATR) or simvastatin (SIM). The C2C12 cell line was used as the ‘in vitro’ model of muscle cells at different stages of muscle formation, and the effect of ATR or SIM on the cell viability, protein expression and mitochondrial respiration were tested. Autophagy seems to be important for the differentiation of muscle cells; however, it did not participate in the observed GGOH cytoprotective effects. We showed that ATR- and SIM-dependent loss in cell viability was reversed by GGOH co-treatment, although GGOH did not reverse the ATR-induced drop in the cytochrome c oxidase protein expression level. It has been unambiguously revealed that the mitochondria of C2C12 cells are not sensitive to SIM, although ATR effectively inhibits mitochondrial respiration. GGOH restored proper mitochondria functioning. Apoptosis might, to some extent, explain the lower viability of statin-treated myotubes as the pan-caspase inhibitor, N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(O-Me) fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-FMK), partly reversed ATR- or SIM-induced cytotoxic effects; however, it does not do so in conjunction with caspase-3. It appears that the calpain inhibitor, N-Acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-norleucinal (ALLM), restored the viability that was reduced by ATR and SIM (p< 0.001). GGOH prevents SAM, in part, as a consequence of a caspase-3 independent pathway, probably by calpain system inactivation.
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