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Shaw S, Chourasia M, Nayak R, Kumeria T, Ghosh MP, Santoshi S, Bose S. Molecular interaction of quercetin and its derivatives against nucleolin in breast cancer: in-silico and in-vitro study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38468538 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2326668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nucleolin, a multifaceted RNA binding domain protein is overexpressed in various cancers leading to dysfunction of several cellular signaling pathways. Quercetin, a distinctive bioactive molecule, along with its derivatives have shown exclusive physio-chemical properties which makes them appealing choices for drug development, yet their role in targeted cancer therapy is limited. Here, the RBD domain structure of Nucleolin was modeled and stabilized by MD simulations for a period of 1000 ns. Molecular docking was performed to determine the binding capability of ligands with the target. To determine the stability of the ligand inside the binding pocket of the protein, MD simulation was performed for a period of 250 ns each for Quercetin-4'-o'-Glucoside, Quercetin_9 and Quercetin complexes. Further, in-vitro studies including cytotoxicity and RT-PCR assays were performed to validate quercetin against Nucleolin. Molecular docking and MD Simulation studies suggested a potential mechanism of interaction of Quercetin-4'-o'-Glucoside, Querectin_9 and Quercetin with Nucleolin with the binding free energy of -63.653, -58.86 and -46.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, Lys 348 and Glu379 were identified as important amino acids in ligand interaction located at the RRM2 motif of Nucleolin. In-vitro studies showed significant downregulation in Nucleolin expression by 15.18 and 2.51-fold at 48h and 72h respectively in MCF-7 cells with Quercetin (IC50 = 160 µM). Our findings suggested the potential role of specific RRM motifs in interaction with natural compounds targeting Nucleolin. This could be an effective strategy in the identification of potential molecules in targeting Nucleolin which can be further explored for developing targeted therapies for breast cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siuli Shaw
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Chourasia
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranu Nayak
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Madhumita P Ghosh
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seneha Santoshi
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudeep Bose
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
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2
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Thongchot S, Aksonnam K, Thuwajit P, Yenchitsomanus PT, Thuwajit C. Nucleolin‑based targeting strategies in cancer treatment: Focus on cancer immunotherapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:81. [PMID: 37477132 PMCID: PMC10555485 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of treating several types of cancers using immunotherapy have recently been established. The overexpression of nucleolin (NCL) in a number of types of cancer provides an attractive antigen target for the development of novel anticancer immunotherapeutic treatments. NCL is a multifunctional protein abundantly distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane. It influences carcinogenesis, and the proliferation, survival and metastasis of cancer cells, leading to cancer progression. Additionally, the meta‑analysis of total and cytoplasmic NCL overexpression indicates a poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The AS1411 aptamers currently appear to have therapeutic action in the phase II clinical trial. The authors' research group has recently explored the anticancer function of NCL through the activation of T cells by dendritic cell‑based immunotherapy. The present review describes and discusses the mechanisms through which the multiple functions of NCL can participate in the progression of cancer. In addition, the studies that define the utility of NCL‑dependent anticancer therapies are summarized, with specific focus being paid to cancer immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Krittaya Aksonnam
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
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Kirman DC, Renganathan B, Chui WK, Chen MW, Kaya NA, Ge R. Cell surface nucleolin is a novel ADAMTS5 receptor mediating endothelial cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:172. [PMID: 35197459 PMCID: PMC8866485 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS) 5 functions as an anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer protein independent of its metalloproteinase activity. Both full-length ADAMTS5 and TS5-p45, the autocatalytically cleaved C-terminal 45 kDa truncate of ADAMTS5, inhibits angiogenesis, and induces endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. However, how ADAMTS5 triggers EC apoptosis remains unclear. This work shows that caspase-8 (Cas-8) and caspase-9 (Cas-9) are involved in TS5-p45-induced EC apoptosis. We identify cell surface nucleolin (NCL) as a novel high-affinity receptor for TS5-p45 in ECs, mediating TS5-p45's cell surface binding and pro-apoptotic function. We show that the central RNA-binding domain (RBD) of NCL is essential and sufficient for its binding to TS5-p45. Upon interacting with EC surface NCL, TS5-p45 is internalized through clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis and trafficked to the nucleus via late endosomes (LEs). We demonstrate that the nuclear trafficking of TS5-p45 is important for its pro-apoptotic activity as disruption of LE membrane integrity with an endosomolytic peptide suppressed both nuclear trafficking and pro-apoptotic activity of TS5-p45. Through cell surface biotinylation, we revealed that cell surface NCL shuttles extracellular TS5-p45 to the nucleus to mediate apoptosis. Furthermore, blocking the importin α1/ß1 receptor hindered the nuclear trafficking of TS5-p45, suggesting the involvement of the nuclear importing machinery for this nuclear translocation. RNA-seq identified many apoptosis-related genes that are differentially expressed at least two-fold in TS5-p45-treated ECs, with 10 of them qRT-PCR-validated and at least 5 of these genes potentially contributing to TS5-p45-NCL-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our work identifies NCL as a novel cell surface receptor for ADAMTS5 and demonstrates the critical role of NCL-mediated internalization and nuclear trafficking for ADAMTS5-induced EC apoptosis. These findings reveal novel mechanistic insights of the secreted metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 in angiogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Can Kirman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bhuvanasundar Renganathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wai Kit Chui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Wei Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Neslihan Arife Kaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Aljohani MM, Cialla-May D, Popp J, Chinnappan R, Al-Kattan K, Zourob M. Aptamers: Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents for Blood Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:383. [PMID: 35056696 PMCID: PMC8778139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are RNA/DNA oligonucleotide molecules that specifically bind to a targeted complementary molecule. As potential recognition elements with promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications, aptamers, such as monoclonal antibodies, could provide many treatment and diagnostic options for blood diseases. Aptamers present several superior features over antibodies, including a simple in vitro selection and production, ease of modification and conjugation, high stability, and low immunogenicity. Emerging as promising alternatives to antibodies, aptamers could overcome the present limitations of monoclonal antibody therapy to provide novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive treatments for blood diseases. Researchers in several biomedical areas, such as biomarker detection, diagnosis, imaging, and targeted therapy, have widely investigated aptamers, and several aptamers have been developed over the past two decades. One of these is the pegaptanib sodium injection, an aptamer-based therapeutic that functions as an anti-angiogenic medicine, and it is the first aptamer approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for therapeutic use. Several other aptamers are now in clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the current state of aptamers in the clinical trial program and introduce some promising aptamers currently in pre-clinical development for blood diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher M Aljohani
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Applied Research, InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Raja Chinnappan
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Al-Kattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Lin Q, Ma X, Hu S, Li R, Wei X, Han B, Ma Y, Liu P, Pang Y. Overexpression of Nucleolin is a Potential Prognostic Marker in Endometrial Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:1955-1965. [PMID: 33658856 PMCID: PMC7920503 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s294035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional protein with oncogenic properties. NCL expression levels have been linked to the outcomes of various malignancies, but the clinical value of NCL in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC) remains unclear. Here, the expression of NCL in EC tissues and its associations with patient outcomes were assessed. Patients and Methods Data on NCL mRNA expression in EC and adjacent nonneoplastic tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. In addition, NCL protein expression in 82 endometroid endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues and 15 non-malignant tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Elevated NCL expression was markedly correlated with serous endometrial carcinoma (P<0.001), advanced stage (P=0.029), and grade 3 (P<0.001). High NCL levels were associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with intermediate or low NCL levels (OS: P=0.001, DFS: P=0.006). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that NCL expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for DFS (HR=1.282, CI=1.027–1.601, P=0.028). A similar correlation between high expression levels of NCL and unfavorable DFS was found in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (HR=1.411, CI=1.083–1.840, P=0.011). Positive extra-nuclear NCL expression (HR=3.377, 95% CI=1.029–11.186, P=0.046) and low nuclear NCL expression (HR=0.233, 95% CI=0.068–0.796, P=0.020) were independent prognostic factors for DFS in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Conclusion Heterotopic NCL is a potential prognostic biomarker for EC. Inhibiting the distribution of NCL from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and membrane may be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in patients with EC with high NCL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunxue Hu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Urogynecology, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Urogynecology, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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6
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Shotwell CR, Cleary JD, Berglund JA. The potential of engineered eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins as molecular tools and therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2019; 11:e1573. [PMID: 31680457 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eukaroytic RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) recognize and process RNAs through recognition of their sequence motifs via RNA-binding domains (RBDs). RBPs usually consist of one or more RBDs and can include additional functional domains that modify or cleave RNA. Engineered RBPs have been used to answer basic biology questions, control gene expression, locate viral RNA in vivo, as well as many other tasks. Given the growing number of diseases associated with RNA and RBPs, engineered RBPs also have the potential to serve as therapeutics. This review provides an in depth description of recent advances in engineered RBPs and discusses opportunities and challenges in the field. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Methods > RNA Nanotechnology RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Shotwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John D Cleary
- RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - J Andrew Berglund
- Department of Biological Sciences and RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, New York
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7
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Romano S, Fonseca N, Simões S, Gonçalves J, Moreira JN. Nucleolin-based targeting strategies for cancer therapy: from targeted drug delivery to cytotoxic ligands. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1985-2001. [PMID: 31271738 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death worldwide and current therapeutic approaches remain ineffective in several cases. Therefore, there is a need to develop more efficacious therapeutic agents, especially for subtypes of cancer lacking targeted therapies. Limited drug penetration into tumors impairs the efficacy of therapies targeting cancer cells. One of the strategies to overcome this problem is targeting the more accessible tumor vasculature via molecules such as nucleolin, which is expressed at the surface of cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells, thus enabling a dual cellular targeting strategy. In this review, we present and discuss nucleolin-based targeting strategies that have been developed for cancer therapy, with a special focus on recent antibody-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Romano
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Fonseca
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; TREAT U, SA, Parque Industrial de Taveiro, Lote 44, 3045-508 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548 Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- iMed. ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548 Portugal.
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8
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Romano S, Moura V, Simões S, Moreira JN, Gonçalves J. Anticancer activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of novel anti-nucleolin antibodies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7450. [PMID: 29748553 PMCID: PMC5945777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin arises as a relevant target for cancer therapy, as it is overexpressed at the surface of cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells thus enabling a dual cellular targeting strategy. Immunotherapeutic strategies, albeit of proven therapeutic relevance, have been scarcely explored against this target. Therefore, this work aimed at engineering an anti-nucleolin VHH-based antibody capable of triggering anticancer immune responses. Herein, anti-nucleolin VHHs have been generated upon grafting F3 peptide-derived nucleolin-binding sequences onto a VHH CDR1 or CDR3. One of these nucleolin-binding CDR3-grafted VHH was subsequently fused to a human IgG1 Fc region, enabling a significant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The generated anti-nucleolin VHH revealed increased binding and antiproliferative effects against cancer cells, relative to the parental VHH, while the VHH-Fc counterpart presented increased cytotoxicity relative to the corresponding VHH. This VHH-Fc also triggered an ADCC effect, in the nanomolar range, against a nucleolin-overexpressing cancer cell line. This effect was evidenced by a 2 or 1.7-fold increase of cell death, in the presence of PBMCs, relative to the parental VHH-Fc or the VHH counterpart, respectively. Overall, these formats represent the first anti-nucleolin VHHs and the first anti-nucleolin antibody with ADCC activity that have been successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Romano
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vera Moura
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- TREAT U, SA, Parque Industrial de Taveiro, Lote 44, 3045-508, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Gonçalves
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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9
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Gregório AC, Lacerda M, Figueiredo P, Simões S, Dias S, Moreira JN. Meeting the needs of breast cancer: A nucleolin's perspective. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 125:89-101. [PMID: 29650282 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the management of breast cancer disease has been the development of metastases. Finding new molecular targets and the design of targeted therapeutic approaches to improve the overall survival and quality of life of these patients is, therefore, of great importance. Nucleolin, which is overexpressed in cancer cells and tumor-associated blood vessels, have been implicated in various processes supporting tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Additionally, its overexpression has been demonstrated in a variety of human neoplasias as an unfavorable prognostic factor, associated with a high risk of relapse and low overall survival. Hence, nucleolin has emerged as a relevant target for therapeutic intervention in cancer malignancy, including breast cancer. This review focus on the contribution of nucleolin for cancer disease and on the development of therapeutic strategies targeting this protein. In this respect, it also provides a critical analysis about the potential and pitfalls of nanomedicine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Gregório
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Lacerda
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Figueiredo
- IPOFG-EPE - Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Dias
- IMM - Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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Dhez AC, Benedetti E, Antonosante A, Panella G, Ranieri B, Florio TM, Cristiano L, Angelucci F, Giansanti F, Di Leandro L, d'Angelo M, Melone M, De Cola A, Federici L, Galzio R, Cascone I, Raineri F, Cimini A, Courty J, Giordano A, Ippoliti R. Targeted therapy of human glioblastoma via delivery of a toxin through a peptide directed to cell surface nucleolin. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4091-4105. [PMID: 28941284 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Targeted anticancer therapies demand discovery of new cellular targets to be exploited for the delivery of toxic molecules and drugs. In this perspective, in the last few years, nucleolin has been identified as an interesting surface marker to be used for the therapy of glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated whether a synthetic antagonist of cell-surface nucleolin known as N6L, previously reported to decrease both tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in several cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma cells, as well as endothelial cells proliferation, could be exploited to deliver a protein toxin (saporin) to glioblastoma cells. The pseudopeptide N6L cross-linked to saporin-S6 induced internalization of the toxin inside glioblastoma cancer cells. Our results in vitro demonstrated the effectiveness of this conjugate in inducing cell death, with an ID50 four orders of magnitude lower than that observed for free N6L. Furthermore, the preliminary in vivo study demonstrated efficiency in reducing the tumor mass in an orthotopic mouse model of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Chloé Dhez
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, France
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gloria Panella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Brigida Ranieri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Tiziana M Florio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Giansanti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luana Di Leandro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marina Melone
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella De Cola
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Federici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cascone
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, France
| | - Fabio Raineri
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, France
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - José Courty
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, France
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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11
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Silibinin inhibits migration and invasion of the rhabdoid tumor G401 cell line via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8035-8041. [PMID: 29344246 PMCID: PMC5755152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors, which tend to occur prior to the age of 2 years, are one of the most aggressive malignancies and have a poor prognosis due to the frequency of metastasis. Silibinin, a natural extract, has been approved as a potential tumor suppressor in various studies, however, whether or not it also exerts its antitumor capacity in rhabdoid tumors, particularly with regards to tumor migration and invasion, is unclear. The rhabdoid tumor G401 cell line was used in the present in vitro study. An MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of silibinin on G401 cells, cell migration was studied using a wound healing assay and a Transwell migration assay, and cell invasion was determined using a Transwell invasion assay. The underlying mechanism in silibinin inhibited cell migration and invasion was investigated by western blot analysis and further confirmed using a specific inhibitor. Experimental results demonstrated that high doses of silibinin suppressed cell viability, and that low doses of silibinin inhibited cell migration and invasion without affecting cell proliferation. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway was involved in the silibinin-induced inhibition of metastasis. Silibinin inactivated the PI3K/Akt pathway, and inhibited cell migration and invasion, an effect that was further enhanced when LY294002, a classic PI3K inhibitor, was used concurrently. In general, silibinin inhibits migration and invasion of the rhabdoid tumor G401 cell line via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and may be a potential chemotherapeutic drug to combat rhabdoid tumors in the future.
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12
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Mashreghi M, Azarpara H, Bazaz MR, Jafari A, Masoudifar A, Mirzaei H, Jaafari MR. Angiogenesis biomarkers and their targeting ligands as potential targets for tumor angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2949-2965. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mashreghi
- NanotechnologyResearch Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hassan Azarpara
- School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahere R. Bazaz
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Arash Jafari
- School of Medicine; Birjand University of Medical Sciences; Birjand Iran
| | - Aria Masoudifar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology; ACECR Isfahan Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mahmoud R. Jaafari
- NanotechnologyResearch Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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13
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Bates PJ, Reyes-Reyes EM, Malik MT, Murphy EM, O'Toole MG, Trent JO. G-quadruplex oligonucleotide AS1411 as a cancer-targeting agent: Uses and mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1414-1428. [PMID: 28007579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AS1411 is a 26-mer G-rich DNA oligonucleotide that forms a variety of G-quadruplex structures. It was identified based on its cancer-selective antiproliferative activity and subsequently determined to be an aptamer to nucleolin, a multifunctional protein that preferentially binds quadruplex nucleic acids and which is present at high levels on the surface of cancer cells. AS1411 has exceptionally efficient cellular internalization compared to non-quadruplex DNA sequences. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent developments related to AS1411 will be examined, with a focus on its use for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Numerous research groups have used AS1411 as a targeting agent to deliver nanoparticles, oligonucleotides, and small molecules into cancer cells. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that AS1411-linked materials can accumulate selectively in tumors following systemic administration. The mechanism underlying the cancer-targeting ability of AS1411 is not completely understood, but recent studies suggest a model that involves: (1) initial uptake by macropinocytosis, a form of endocytosis prevalent in cancer cells; (2) stimulation of macropinocytosis by a nucleolin-dependent mechanism resulting in further uptake; and (3) disruption of nucleolin-mediated trafficking and efflux leading to cargoes becoming trapped inside cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Human trials have indicated that AS1411 is safe and can induce durable remissions in a few patients, but new strategies are needed to maximize its clinical impact. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which AS1411 targets and kills cancer cells may hasten the development of promising technologies using AS1411-linked nanoparticles or conjugates for cancer-targeted therapy and imaging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA.
| | | | - Mohammad T Malik
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Emily M Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Martin G O'Toole
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Louisville, USA
| | - John O Trent
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA
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14
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Huang RZ, Zhang B, Huang XC, Liang GB, Qin JM, Pan YM, Liao ZX, Wang HS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of terminal functionalized thiourea-containing dipeptides as antitumor agents. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal functionalized dipeptide derivatives containing the thiourea moiety were synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity. Representative compoundI-11induced apoptosis by the ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum pathway in NCI-H460 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Xiao-Chao Huang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Gui-Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Jian-Mei Qin
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
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15
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Abstract
Nucleolin, a multifunctional protein distributed in the nucleolus, participates in many modulations including rDNA transcription, RNA metabolism, and ribosome assembly. Nucleolin is also found in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane, and surface nucleolin can bind to various ligands to affect many physiological functions. The expression and localization of nucleolin is often abnormal in cancers, as the differential distribution of nucleolin in cancer can influence the carcinogenesis, proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells, leading to the cancer progression. Thus, nucleolin may be a novel and promising target for anti-cancer treatment. Here, we describe how nucleolin act functions in cancer development and describe nucleolin-dependent anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China. E-mail.
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16
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Stepanova V, Jayaraman PS, Zaitsev SV, Lebedeva T, Bdeir K, Kershaw R, Holman KR, Parfyonova YV, Semina EV, Beloglazova IB, Tkachuk VA, Cines DB. Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Promotes Angiogenesis by Attenuating Proline-rich Homeodomain Protein (PRH) Transcription Factor Activity and De-repressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptor Expression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15029-45. [PMID: 27151212 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) regulates angiogenesis and vascular permeability through proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix and intracellular signaling initiated upon its binding to uPAR/CD87 and other cell surface receptors. Here, we describe an additional mechanism by which uPA regulates angiogenesis. Ex vivo VEGF-induced vascular sprouting from Matrigel-embedded aortic rings isolated from uPA knock-out (uPA(-/-)) mice was impaired compared with vessels emanating from wild-type mice. Endothelial cells isolated from uPA(-/-) mice show less proliferation and migration in response to VEGF than their wild type counterparts or uPA(-/-) endothelial cells in which expression of wild type uPA had been restored. We reported previously that uPA is transported from cell surface receptors to nuclei through a mechanism that requires its kringle domain. Intranuclear uPA modulates gene transcription by binding to a subset of transcription factors. Here we report that wild type single-chain uPA, but not uPA variants incapable of nuclear transport, increases the expression of cell surface VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) by translocating to the nuclei of ECs. Intranuclear single-chain uPA binds directly to and interferes with the function of the transcription factor hematopoietically expressed homeodomain protein or proline-rich homeodomain protein (HHEX/PRH), which thereby lose their physiologic capacity to repress the activity of vehgr1 and vegfr2 gene promoters. These studies identify uPA-dependent de-repression of vegfr1 and vegfr2 gene transcription through binding to HHEX/PRH as a novel mechanism by which uPA mediates the pro-angiogenic effects of VEGF and identifies a potential new target for control of pathologic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padma-Sheela Jayaraman
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei V Zaitsev
- Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | | | - Khalil Bdeir
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Rachael Kershaw
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kelci R Holman
- College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yelena V Parfyonova
- Russian Cardiology Research Center, Moscow 121552, Russia, School (Faculty) of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117192, Russia, and
| | - Ekaterina V Semina
- Russian Cardiology Research Center, Moscow 121552, Russia, School (Faculty) of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117192, Russia, and
| | | | - Vsevolod A Tkachuk
- Russian Cardiology Research Center, Moscow 121552, Russia, School (Faculty) of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117192, Russia, and
| | - Douglas B Cines
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
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17
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Su PY, Wang YF, Huang SW, Lo YC, Wang YH, Wu SR, Shieh DB, Chen SH, Wang JR, Lai MD, Chang CF. Cell surface nucleolin facilitates enterovirus 71 binding and infection. J Virol 2015; 89:4527-38. [PMID: 25673703 PMCID: PMC4442404 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03498-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because the pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 (EV71) remains mostly ambiguous, identifying the factors that mediate viral binding and entry to host cells is indispensable to ultimately uncover the mechanisms that underlie virus infection and pathogenesis. Despite the identification of several receptors/attachment molecules for EV71, the binding, entry, and infection mechanisms of EV71 remain unclear. Herein, we employed glycoproteomic approaches to identify human nucleolin as a novel binding receptor for EV71. Glycoproteins purified by lectin chromatography from the membrane extraction of human cells were treated with sialidase, followed by immunoprecipitation with EV71 particles. Among the 16 proteins identified by tandem mass spectrometry analysis, cell surface nucleolin attracted our attention. We found that EV71 interacted directly with nucleolin via the VP1 capsid protein and that an antinucleolin antibody reduced the binding of EV71 to human cells. In addition, the knockdown of cell surface nucleolin decreased EV71 binding, infection, and production in human cells. Furthermore, the expression of human nucleolin on the cell surface of a mouse cell line increased EV71 binding and conferred EV71 infection and production in the cells. These results strongly indicate that human nucleolin can mediate EV71 binding to and infection of cells. Our findings also demonstrate that the use of glycoproteomic approaches is a reliable methodology to discover novel receptors for pathogens. IMPORTANCE Outbreaks of EV71 have been reported in Asia-Pacific countries and have caused thousands of deaths in young children during the last 2 decades. The discovery of new EV71-interacting molecules to understand the infection mechanism has become an emergent issue. Hence, this study uses glycoproteomic approaches to comprehensively investigate the EV71-interacting glycoproteins. Several EV71-interacting glycoproteins are identified, and the role of cell surface nucleolin in mediating the attachment and entry of EV71 is characterized and validated. Our findings not only indicate a novel target for uncovering the EV71 infection mechanism and anti-EV71 drug discovery but also provide a new strategy for virus receptor identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Su
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chih Lo
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Der Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Watanabe T, Takahashi A, Suzuki K, Kurusu-Kanno M, Yamaguchi K, Fujiki H, Suganuma M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human gastric cancer cell lines induced by TNF-α-inducing protein of Helicobacter pylori. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2373-82. [PMID: 24249671 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori strains produce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-inducing protein, Tipα as a carcinogenic factor in the gastric epithelium. Tipα acts as a homodimer with 38-kDa protein, whereas del-Tipα is an inactive monomer. H. pylori isolated from gastric cancer patients secreted large amounts of Tipα, which are incorporated into gastric cancer cells by directly binding to nucleolin on the cell surface, which is a receptor of Tipα. The binding complex induces expression of TNF-α and chemokine genes, and activates NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). To understand the mechanisms of Tipα in tumor progression, we looked at numerous effects of Tipα on human gastric cancer cell lines. Induction of cell migration and elongation was found to be mediated through the binding to surface nucleolin, which was inhibited by the nucleolin-targeted siRNAs. Tipα induced formation of filopodia in MKN-1 cells, suggesting invasive morphological changes. Tipα enhanced the phosphorylation of 11 cancer-related proteins in serine, threonine and tyrosine, indicating activation of MEK-ERK signal cascade. Although the downregulation of E-cadherin was not shown in MKN-1 cells, Tipα induced the expression of vimentin, a significant marker of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It is of great importance to note that Tipα reduced the Young's modulus of MKN-1 cells determined by atomic force microscopy: This shows lower cell stiffness and increased cell motility. The morphological changes induced in human gastric cancer cells by Tipα are significant phenotypes of EMT. This is the first report that Tipα is a new inducer of EMT, probably associated with tumor progression in human gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Watanabe
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, Japan
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19
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Fujiki H, Watanabe T, Suganuma M. Cell-surface nucleolin acts as a central mediator for carcinogenic, anti-carcinogenic, and disease-related ligands. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:689-99. [PMID: 24469254 PMCID: PMC3983879 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell-surface nucleolin in human gastric cancer cell lines is a receptor for TNF-α-inducing protein (Tipα) of Helicobacter pylori. The binding complex of nucleolin and Tipα is internalized into the cells and then induces tumor progression of human gastric cancer. Surface nucleolin is also a receptor of human immunodeficiency virus-1, and the anti-HIV pseudopeptide (HB-19) showed anti-carcinogenic activity in vivo. Surface nucleolin has dual functions depending on the ligands: In order to understand the mechanisms of surface nucleolin, it is necessary to review surface nucleolin and its relation to carcinogenic ligands and anti-carcinogenic ligands. Other ligands can be grouped among disease-related ligands, which is an important new topic for the prevention of various ailments. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This paper mainly deals with two ligands of surface nucleolin, Tipα and pseudopeptide HB-19. The binding complex of nucleolin and Tipα induces expression of TNF-α and chemokine genes and activates NF-κB in gastric cancer cells of humans and mice. However, when human gastric cancer cell line MKN-1 was transfected with nucleolin-targeted siRNA, the result was inhibition of cell migration and elongation induced by Tipα. The amount of surface nucleolin was reduced in membrane fraction of the nucleolin knockdown MKN-1 cells, but the amount of nucleolin in the cytosol or nuclear fractions of the cells did not change. The results indicate that surface nucleolin acts as a carcinogenic mediator for Tipα of H. pylori. In contrast, both the viral external envelop glycoprotein gp120 of HIV and the anti-HIV pseudopeptide HB-19 bind to surface nucleolin. Through this binding, treatment with HB-19 inhibited tumor development in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and rhabdoid tumor cell line derived from Wilms's tumor in xenograft nude mouse models. The results show that surface nucleolin acts as an anti-carcinogenic mediator for HB-19. CONCLUSION Based on these discrete functions of surface nucleolin, the binding complex of carcinogenic ligands and surface nucleolin seems to be competing with that of anti-carcinogenic ligands and surface nucleolin. Moreover, carcinogenic ligands derived from endogenous sources play a significant role in human cancer development, and the interaction of surface nucleolin with disease-related ligands will be a new research subject for the prevention and treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirota Fujiki
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan,
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20
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Balinsky CA, Schmeisser H, Ganesan S, Singh K, Pierson TC, Zoon KC. Nucleolin interacts with the dengue virus capsid protein and plays a role in formation of infectious virus particles. J Virol 2013; 87:13094-106. [PMID: 24027323 PMCID: PMC3838225 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00704-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that can cause severe disease in humans and is considered a reemerging pathogen of significant importance to public health. The DENV capsid (C) protein functions as a structural component of the infectious virion; however, it may have additional functions in the virus replicative cycle. Here, we show that the DENV C protein interacts and colocalizes with the multifunctional host protein nucleolin (NCL). Furthermore, we demonstrate that this interaction can be disrupted by the addition of an NCL binding aptamer (AS1411). Knockdown of NCL with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or treatment of cells with AS1411 results in a significant reduction of viral titers after DENV infection. Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed no differences in viral RNA or protein levels at early time points postinfection, suggesting a role for NCL in viral morphogenesis. We support this hypothesis by showing that treatment with AS1411 alters the migration characteristics of the viral capsid, as visualized by native electrophoresis. Here, we identify a critical interaction between DENV C protein and NCL that represents a potential new target for the development of antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A. Balinsky
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hana Schmeisser
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kavita Singh
- Structural Biology Unit, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn C. Zoon
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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Abstract
Motifs rich in arginines and glycines were recognized several decades ago to play functional roles and were termed glycine-arginine-rich (GAR) domains and/or RGG boxes. We review here the evolving functions of the RGG box along with several sequence variations that we collectively term the RGG/RG motif. Greater than 1,000 human proteins harbor the RGG/RG motif, and these proteins influence numerous physiological processes such as transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, DNA damage signaling, mRNA translation, and the regulation of apoptosis. In particular, we discuss the role of the RGG/RG motif in mediating nucleic acid and protein interactions, a function that is often regulated by arginine methylation and partner-binding proteins. The physiological relevance of the RGG/RG motif is highlighted by its association with several diseases including neurological and neuromuscular diseases and cancer. Herein, we discuss the evidence for the emerging diverse functionality of this important motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniraja Thandapani
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
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22
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Pichiorri F, Palmieri D, De Luca L, Consiglio J, You J, Rocci A, Talabere T, Piovan C, Lagana A, Cascione L, Guan J, Gasparini P, Balatti V, Nuovo G, Coppola V, Hofmeister CC, Marcucci G, Byrd JC, Volinia S, Shapiro CL, Freitas MA, Croce CM. In vivo NCL targeting affects breast cancer aggressiveness through miRNA regulation. J Exp Med 2013; 210:951-68. [PMID: 23610125 PMCID: PMC3646490 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20120950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have described the altered expression and the causal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human cancer. However, to date, efforts to modulate miRNA levels for therapeutic purposes have been challenging to implement. Here we find that nucleolin (NCL), a major nucleolar protein, posttranscriptionally regulates the expression of a specific subset of miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-103, that are causally involved in breast cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. We also show that NCL is commonly overexpressed in human breast tumors and that its expression correlates with that of NCL-dependent miRNAs. Finally, inhibition of NCL using guanosine-rich aptamers reduces the levels of NCL-dependent miRNAs and their target genes, thus reducing breast cancer cell aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. These findings illuminate a path to novel therapeutic approaches based on NCL-targeting aptamers for the modulation of miRNA expression in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Pichiorri
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Dario Palmieri
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratorio di ricerca pre-clinica/traslazionale, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Jessica Consiglio
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jia You
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Alberto Rocci
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Divisione di Ematologia, Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Giovanni Battista, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Tiffany Talabere
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Claudia Piovan
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Start-Up Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Tumor National Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lagana
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Jingwen Guan
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Pierluigi Gasparini
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Veronica Balatti
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Gerard Nuovo
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Phylogeny Inc., Powell, OH 43065
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Craig C. Hofmeister
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - John C. Byrd
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Data Mining for Analysis of Microarrays, Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Charles L. Shapiro
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Michael A. Freitas
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Division of Hematology and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; College of Medicine; and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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23
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Birmpas C, Briand JP, Courty J, Katsoris P. The pseudopeptide HB-19 binds to cell surface nucleolin and inhibits angiogenesis. Vasc Cell 2012; 4:21. [PMID: 23265284 PMCID: PMC3606460 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleolin is a protein over-expressed on the surface of tumor and endothelial cells. Recent studies have underlined the involvement of cell surface nucleolin in tumor growth and angiogenesis. This cell surface molecule serves as a receptor for various ligands implicated in pathophysiological processes such as growth factors, cell adhesion molecules like integrins, selectins or laminin-1, lipoproteins and viruses (HIV and coxsackie B). HB-19 is a synthetic multimeric pseudopeptide that binds cell surface expressed nucleolin and inhibits both tumor growth and angiogenesis. Methodology/principal findings In the present work, we further investigated the biological actions of pseudopeptide HB-19 on HUVECs. In a previous work, we have shown that HB-19 inhibits the in vivo angiogenesis on the chicken embryo CAM assay. We now provide evidence that HB-19 inhibits the in vitro adhesion, migration and proliferation of HUVECs without inducing their apoptosis. The above biological actions seem to be regulated by SRC, ERK1/2, AKT and FAK kinases as we found that HB-19 inhibits their activation in HUVECs. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play crucial roles in tumor growth and angiogenesis, so we investigated the effect of HB-19 on the expression of MMP-2 and we found that HB-19 downregulates MMP-2 in HUVECs. Finally, down regulation of nucleolin using siRNA confirmed the implication of nucleolin in the biological actions of these peptides. Conclusions/significance Taken together, these results indicate that HB-19 could constitute an interesting tool for tumor therapy strategy, targeting cell surface nucleolin.
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24
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Birmpas C, Briand JP, Courty J, Katsoris P. Nucleolin mediates the antiangiogenesis effect of the pseudopeptide N6L. BMC Cell Biol 2012; 13:32. [PMID: 23146273 PMCID: PMC3560177 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleolin is a protein over-expressed on the surface of activated cells. Recent studies have underlined the involvement of cell surface nucleolin in angiogenesis processes. This cell surface molecule serves as a receptor for various ligands implicated in pathophysiological processes such as growth factors, cell adhesion molecules like integrins, selectins or laminin-1, lipoproteins and viruses. N6L is a synthetic multimeric pseudopeptide that binds cell surface expressed nucleolin and inhibits cell proliferation. RESULTS In the present work, we further investigated the mechanisms of action of pseudopeptide N6L on angiogenesis using HUVECs. We provide evidence that N6L inhibits the in vitro adhesion, proliferation and migration of HUVECs without inducing their apoptosis. In addition, we found that N6L downregulates MMP-2 in HUVECs. The above biological actions are regulated by SRC, ERK1/2, AKT and FAK kinases as we found that N6L inhibits their activation in HUVECs. Finally, down regulation of nucleolin using siRNA demonstrated the implication of nucleolin in the biological actions of these peptides. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that N6L could constitute an interesting therapeutic tool for treating diseases associated with excessive angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josẻ Courty
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
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25
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Mastrangelo P, Hegele RG. The RSV fusion receptor: not what everyone expected it to be. Microbes Infect 2012; 14:1205-10. [PMID: 22884716 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews current knowledge about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) binding and entry into cells. The recent discovery of Nucleolin as a fusion receptor for RSV opens new avenues for developing interventions, while raising questions concerning RSV pathobiology and tropism. We also discuss characteristics of a good RSV drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mastrangelo
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Abstract
Nucleolin is a multifunctional protein localized primarily in the nucleolus, but also found in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm and cell membrane. It is involved in several aspects of DNA metabolism, and participates extensively in RNA regulatory mechanisms, including transcription, ribosome assembly, mRNA stability and translation, and microRNA processing. Nucleolin's implication in disease is linked to its ability to associate with target RNAs via its four RNA-binding domains and its arginine/glycin-rich domain. By modulating the post-transcriptional fate of target mRNAs, which typically bear AU-rich and/or G-rich elements, nucleolin has been linked to cellular events that influence disease, notably cell proliferation and protection against apoptotic death. Through its diverse RNA functions, nucleolin is increasingly implicated in pathological processes, particularly cancer and viral infection. Here, we review the RNA-binding activities of nucleolin, its influence on gene expression patterns, and its impact upon diseases. We also discuss the rising interest in targeting nucleolin therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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27
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Xu Z, Joshi N, Agarwal A, Dahiya S, Bittner P, Smith E, Taylor S, Piwnica-Worms D, Weber J, Leonard JR. Knocking down nucleolin expression in gliomas inhibits tumor growth and induces cell cycle arrest. J Neurooncol 2012; 108:59-67. [PMID: 22382782 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin is a multifunctional protein whose expression often correlates with increased cellular proliferation. While the expression of nucleolin is often elevated in numerous cancers, its expression in normal human brain and in astrocytomas has not been previously reported. Using paraffin-embedded sections from normal adult autopsy specimens and glioma resection specimens, we demonstrate that nucleolin expression is limited in the normal human brain specifically to mature neurons, ependymal cells, and granular cells of the dentate gyrus. While astrocytes in the normal human brain do not express nucleolin at significant levels, glioblastoma cell lines and primary human astrocytoma cells exhibit considerable nucleolin expression. Reduction of nucleolin expression through siRNA-mediated knockdown in the U87MG glioblastoma cell line caused a dramatic decrease in cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in vitro. Moreover, conditional siRNA knockdown of nucleolin expression in U87MG intracranial xenografts in nude mice caused dramatic reduction in tumor size. Taken together, these results implicate nucleolin in the regulation of human astrocytoma proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo and suggest that nucleolin may represent a potential novel therapeutic target for astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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28
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Krust B, El Khoury D, Nondier I, Soundaramourty C, Hovanessian AG. Targeting surface nucleolin with multivalent HB-19 and related Nucant pseudopeptides results in distinct inhibitory mechanisms depending on the malignant tumor cell type. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:333. [PMID: 21812966 PMCID: PMC3199867 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleolin expressed at the cell surface is a binding protein for a variety of ligands implicated in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. By using a specific antagonist that binds the C-terminal RGG domain of nucleolin, the HB-19 pseudopeptide, we recently reported that targeting surface nucleolin with HB-19 suppresses progression of established human breast tumor cells in the athymic nude mice, and delays development of spontaneous melanoma in the RET transgenic mice. METHODS By the capacity of HB-19 to bind stably surface nucleolin, we purified and identified nucleolin partners at the cell surface. HB-19 and related multivalent Nucant pseudopeptides, that present pentavalently or hexavalently the tripeptide Lysψ(CH2N)-Pro-Arg, were then used to show that targeting surface nucleolin results in distinct inhibitory mechanisms on breast, prostate, colon carcinoma and leukemia cells. RESULTS Surface nucleolin exists in a 500-kDa protein complex including several other proteins, which we identified by microsequencing as two Wnt related proteins, Ku86 autoantigen, signal recognition particle subunits SRP68/72, the receptor for complement component gC1q-R, and ribosomal proteins S4/S6. Interestingly, some of the surface-nucleolin associated proteins are implicated in cell signaling, tumor cell adhesion, migration, invasion, cell death, autoimmunity, and bacterial infections. Surface nucleolin in the 500-kDa complex is highly stable. Surface nucleolin antagonists, HB-19 and related multivalent Nucant pseudopeptides, exert distinct inhibitory mechanisms depending on the malignant tumor cell type. For example, in epithelial tumor cells they inhibit cell adhesion or spreading and induce reversion of the malignant phenotype (BMC cancer 2010, 10:325) while in leukemia cells they trigger a rapid cell death associated with DNA fragmentation. The fact that these pseudopeptides do not cause cell death in epithelial tumor cells indicates that cell death in leukemia cells is triggered by a specific signaling mechanism, rather than nonspecific cellular injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that targeting surface nucleolin could change the organization of the 500-kDa complex to interfere with the proper functioning of surface nucleolin and the associated proteins, and thus lead to distinct inhibitory mechanisms. Consequently, HB-19 and related Nucant pseudopeptides provide novel therapeutic opportunities in treatment of a wide variety of cancers and related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Krust
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Diala El Khoury
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Isabelle Nondier
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Calaiselvy Soundaramourty
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Ara G Hovanessian
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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