1
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Qin Y, Coleman RM. Ligand Composition and Coating Density Co-Modulate the Chondrocyte Function on Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate). J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:468. [PMID: 37754882 PMCID: PMC10531919 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing chondrocyte redifferentiation and promoting cartilaginous matrix accumulation are key challenges in the application of biomaterials in articular cartilage repair. Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) (PGD) is a viable candidate for scaffold design in cartilage tissue engineering (CTE). However, the surface properties of PGD are not ideal for cell attachment and growth due to its relative hydrophobicity compared with natural extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, PGD was coated with various masses of collagen type I or hyaluronic acid, individually or in combination, to generate a cell-material interface with biological cues. The effects of ligand composition and density on the PGD surface properties and shape, metabolic activity, cell phenotype, and ECM production of human articular chondrocytes (hACs) were evaluated. Introducing ECM ligands on PGD significantly improved its hydrophilicity and promoted the chondrocyte's anabolic activity. The morphology and anabolic activity of hACs on PGD were co-modulated by ligand composition and density, suggesting a combinatorial effect of both coating parameters on chondrocyte function during monolayer culture. Hyaluronic acid and its combination with collagen maintained a round cell shape and redifferentiated phenotype. This study demonstrated the complex mechanism of ligand-guided interactions between cell and biomaterial substrate and the potential of PGD as a scaffold material in the field of CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Rhima M. Coleman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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2
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Mekhileri NV, Major G, Lim K, Mutreja I, Chitcholtan K, Phillips E, Hooper G, Woodfield T. Biofabrication of Modular Spheroids as Tumor-Scale Microenvironments for Drug Screening. Adv Healthc Mater 2022:e2201581. [PMID: 36495232 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To streamline the drug discovery pipeline, there is a pressing need for preclinical models which replicate the complexity and scale of native tumors. While there have been advancements in the formation of microscale tumor units, these models are cell-line dependent, time-consuming and have not improved clinical trial success rates. In this study, two methods for generating 3D tumor microenvironments are compared, rapidly fabricated hydrogel microspheres and traditional cell-dense spheroids. These modules are then bioassembled into 3D printed thermoplastic scaffolds, using an automated biofabrication process, to form tumor-scale models. Modules are formed with SKOV3 and HFF cells as monocultures and cocultures, and the fabrication efficiency, cell architecture, and drug response profiles are characterized, both as single modules and as multimodular constructs. Cell-encapsulated Gel-MA microspheres are fabricated with high-reproducibility and dimensions necessary for automated tumor-scale bioassembly regardless of cell type, however, only cocultured spheroids form compact modules suitable for bioassembly. Chemosensitivity assays demonstrate the reduced potency of doxorubicin in coculture bioassembled constructs and a ≈five-fold increase in drug resistance of cocultured cells in 3D modules compared with 2D monolayers. This bioassembly system is efficient and tailorable so that a variety of relevant-sized tumor constructs could be developed to study tumorigenesis and modernize drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Vijayan Mekhileri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Gretel Major
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Khoon Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Isha Mutreja
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Kenny Chitcholtan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Gary Hooper
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, New Zealand
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3
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Rahman G, Frazier TP, Gimble JM, Mohiuddin OA. The Emerging Use of ASC/Scaffold Composites for the Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:893992. [PMID: 35845419 PMCID: PMC9280640 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.893992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is composed of chondrocytes surrounded by a porous permeable extracellular matrix. It has a limited spontaneous healing capability post-injury which, if left untreated, can result in severe osteochondral disease. Currently, osteochondral (OC) defects are treated by bone marrow stimulation, artificial joint replacement, or transplantation of bone, cartilage, and periosteum, while autologous osteochondral transplantation is also an option; it carries the risk of donor site damage and is limited only to the treatment of small defects. Allografts may be used for larger defects; however, they have the potential to elicit an immune response. A possible alternative solution to treat osteochondral diseases involves the use of stromal/stem cells. Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) can differentiate into cartilage and bone cells. The ASC can be combined with both natural and synthetic scaffolds to support cell delivery, growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Combinations of both types of scaffolds along with ASCs and/or growth factors have shown promising results for the treatment of OC defects based on in vitro and in vivo experiments. Indeed, these findings have translated to several active clinical trials testing the use of ASC-scaffold composites on human subjects. The current review critically examines the literature describing ASC-scaffold composites as a potential alternative to conventional therapies for OC tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Rahman
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Omair A. Mohiuddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Omair A. Mohiuddin,
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4
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Mao H, Hsu T, Chen C, Huang K, Rwei S. Synthesis and characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with
EO‐PO‐EO
triblock copolymers: A thermal and mechanical property study. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsu‐I Mao
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Te‐Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chin‐Wen Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuan‐Wei Huang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Syang‐Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
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5
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Cao C, Huang P, Prasopthum A, Parsons AJ, Ai F, Yang J. Characterisation of bone regeneration in 3D printed ductile PCL/PEG/hydroxyapatite scaffolds with high ceramic microparticle concentrations. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:138-152. [PMID: 34806738 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3D printed bioactive glass or bioceramic particle reinforced composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering currently suffer from low particle concentration (<50 wt%) hence low osteoconductivity. Meanwhile, composites with very high inorganic particle concentrations are very brittle. Scaffolds combining high particle content and ductility are urgently required for bone tissue engineering. Herein, 3D printed PCL/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with high ceramic concentration (up to 90 wt%) are made ductile (>100% breaking strain) by adding poly(ethylene glycol) which is biocompatible and FDA approved. The scaffolds require no post-printing washing to remove hazardous components. More exposure of HA microparticles on strut surfaces is enabled by incorporating higher HA concentrations. Compared to scaffolds with 72 wt% HA, scaffolds with higher HA content (90 wt%) enhance matrix formation but not new bone volume after 12 weeks implantation in rat calvarial defects. Histological analyses demonstrate that bone regeneration within the 3D printed scaffolds is via intramembranous ossification and starts in the central region of pores. Fibrous tissue that resembles non-union tissue within bone fractures is formed within pores that do not have new bone. The amount of blood vessels is similar between scaffolds with mainly fibrous tissue and those with more bone tissue, suggesting vascularization is not a deciding factor for determining the type of tissues regenerated within the pores of 3D printed scaffolds. Multinucleated immune cells are commonly present in all scaffolds surrounding the struts, suggesting a role of managing inflammation in bone regeneration within 3D printed scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Cao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330031.
| | - Pengren Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330006
| | - Aruna Prasopthum
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK NG7 2RD.
| | - Andrew J Parsons
- Composites Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK NG7 2RD
| | - Fanrong Ai
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330031.
| | - Jing Yang
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK NG7 2RD.
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6
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Wei W, Dai H. Articular cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering techniques: Recent advances and challenges. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4830-4855. [PMID: 34136726 PMCID: PMC8175243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the considerable achievements in the field of regenerative medicine in the past several decades, osteochondral defect regeneration remains a challenging issue among diseases in the musculoskeletal system because of the spatial complexity of osteochondral units in composition, structure and functions. In order to repair the hierarchical tissue involving different layers of articular cartilage, cartilage-bone interface and subchondral bone, traditional clinical treatments including palliative and reparative methods have showed certain improvement in pain relief and defect filling. It is the development of tissue engineering that has provided more promising results in regenerating neo-tissues with comparable compositional, structural and functional characteristics to the native osteochondral tissues. Here in this review, some basic knowledge of the osteochondral units including the anatomical structure and composition, the defect classification and clinical treatments will be first introduced. Then we will highlight the recent progress in osteochondral tissue engineering from perspectives of scaffold design, cell encapsulation and signaling factor incorporation including bioreactor application. Clinical products for osteochondral defect repair will be analyzed and summarized later. Moreover, we will discuss the current obstacles and future directions to regenerate the damaged osteochondral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, China
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7
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Li X, Wang F, Xu Y, Liu G, Dong C. Cysteine-Rich Hydrophobin Gene Family: Genome Wide Analysis, Phylogeny and Transcript Profiling in Cordyceps militaris. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020643. [PMID: 33440688 PMCID: PMC7827705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are a family of small secreted proteins found exclusively in fungi, and they play various roles in the life cycle. In the present study, genome wide analysis and transcript profiling of the hydrophobin family in Cordyceps militaris, a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom, were studied. The distribution of hydrophobins in ascomycetes with different lifestyles showed that pathogenic fungi had significantly more hydrophobins than saprotrophic fungi, and class II members accounted for the majority. Phylogenetic analysis of hydrophobin proteins from the species of Cordyceps s.l. indicated that there was more variability among the class II members than class I. Only a few hydrophobin-encoding genes evolved by duplication in Cordyceps s.l., which was inconsistent with the important role of gene duplication in basidiomycetes. Different transcript patterns of four hydrophobin-encoding genes during the life cycle indicated the possible different functions for each. The transcripts of Cmhyd2, 3 and 4 can respond to light and were related with the photoreceptors. CmQHYD, with four hydrophobin II domains, was first found in C. militaris, and multi-domain hydrophobins were only distributed in the species of Cordycipitaceae and Clavicipitaceae. These results could be helpful for further function research of hydrophobins and could provide valuable information for the evolution of hydrophobins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.L.); (F.W.); (Y.X.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.L.); (F.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yanyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.L.); (F.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Guijun Liu
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.L.); (F.W.); (Y.X.)
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Breeding, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Li T, Liu B, Jiang Y, Lou Y, Chen K, Zhang D. L-polylactic acid porous microspheres enhance the mechanical properties and in vivo stability of degummed silk/silk fibroin/gelatin scaffold. Biomed Mater 2020; 16:015025. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abca11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Dorcemus DL, Kim HS, Nukavarapu SP. Gradient scaffold with spatial growth factor profile for osteochondral interface engineering. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33291092 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abd1ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) matrix design poses a significant engineering challenge due to the complexity involved with bone-cartilage interfaces. To better facilitate the regeneration of OC tissue, we developed and evaluated a biodegradable matrix with uniquely arranged bone and cartilage supporting phases: a poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) template structure with a porosity gradient along its longitudinal axis uniquely integrated with hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Micro-CT scanning and imaging confirmed the formation of an inverse gradient matrix. Hydroxyapatite was added to the PLGA template which was then plasma-treated to increase hydrophilicity and growth factor affinity. An osteogenic growth factor (bone morphogenetic protein 2; BMP-2) was loaded onto the template scaffold via adsorption, while a chondrogenic growth factor (transforming growth factor beta 1; TGF-β1) was incorporated into the hydrogel phase. Confocal microscopy of the growth factor loaded matrix confirmed the spatial distribution of the two growth factors, with chondrogenic factor confined to the cartilaginous portion and osteogenic factor present throughout the scaffold. We observed spatial differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into cartilage and bone cells in the scaffolds in vitro: cartilaginous regions were marked by increased glycosaminoglycan production, and osteogenesis was seen throughout the graft by alizarin red staining. In a dose-dependent study of BMP-2, hMSC pellet cultures with TGF-β1 and BMP-2 showed synergistic effects on chondrogenesis. These results indicate that development of an inverse gradient matrix can spatially distribute two different growth factors to facilitate chondrogenesis and osteogenesis along different portions of a scaffold, which are key steps needed for formation of an osteochondral interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Leonie Dorcemus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, UNITED STATES
| | - Hyun Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, UNITED STATES
| | - Syam Prasad Nukavarapu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, UNITED STATES
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10
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Barajaa MA, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Bioinspired Scaffold Designs for Regenerating Musculoskeletal Tissue Interfaces. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 6:451-483. [PMID: 33344758 PMCID: PMC7747886 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system works at a very advanced level of synchrony, where all the physiological movements of the body are systematically performed through well-organized actions of bone in conjunction with all the other musculoskeletal soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage through tissue-tissue interfaces. Interfaces are structurally and compositionally complex, consisting of gradients of extracellular matrix components, cell phenotypes as well as biochemical compositions and are important in mediating load transfer between the distinct orthopedic tissues during body movement. When an injury occurs at interface, it must be re-established to restore its function and stability. Due to the structural and compositional complexity found in interfaces, it is anticipated that they presuppose a concomitant increase in the complexity of the associated regenerative engineering approaches and scaffold designs to achieve successful interface regeneration and seamless integration of the engineered orthopedic tissues. Herein, we discuss the various bioinspired scaffold designs utilized to regenerate orthopedic tissue interfaces. First, we start with discussing the structure-function relationship at the interface. We then discuss the current understanding of the mechanism underlying interface regeneration, followed by discussing the current treatment available in the clinic to treat interface injuries. Lastly, we comprehensively discuss the state-of-the-art scaffold designs utilized to regenerate orthopedic tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Barajaa
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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11
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The effect of diameter of fibre on formation of hydrogen bonds and mechanical properties of 3D-printed PCL. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111072. [PMID: 32993993 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique has been widely utilized in fabrication of 3D porous scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE) applications. Surprisingly, although there are many publications devoted to the architectural features of the 3D scaffolds fabricated by the FDM, none of them give us evident information about the impact of the diameter of the fibres on material properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effect of the diameter of 3D-printed PCL fibres on variations in their microstructure and resulting mechanical behaviour. The fibres made of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were extruded through commonly used types of nozzles (inner diameter ranging from 0.18 mm to 1.07 mm) by means of FDM technique. Static tensile test and atomic force microscopy working in force spectroscopy mode revealed strong decrease in the Young's modulus and yield strength with increasing fibre diameter in the investigated range. To explain this phenomenon, we conducted differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray-scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, infrared and polarized light microscopy imaging. The obtained results clearly showed that the most prominent effect on the obtained microstructures and mechanical properties had different cooling and shear rates during fabrication process causing changes in supramolecular interactions of PCL. The observed fibre size-dependent formation of hydrogen bonds affected the crystalline structure and its stability. Summarising, this study clearly demonstrates that the diameter of 3D-printed fibres has a strong effect on obtained microstructure and mechanical properties, therefore should be taken into consideration during design of the 3D TE scaffolds.
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12
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Synthesis and Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate- co-Tetramethylene Ether Glycol) Copolyesters. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091897. [PMID: 32846871 PMCID: PMC7565969 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(butylene terephthalate-co-tetramethylene ether glycol) (PBT-co-PTMEG) copolymers with PTMEG ranging from 0 to 40 wt% were synthesized through melt polymerization. The structure and composition were supported by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). All samples had excellent thermal stability at a Td-5% around 370 °C. Crystallization temperature (Tc) and enthalpy of crystallization (ΔHc) were detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), revealing a decrement from 182.3 to 135.1 °C and 47.0 to 22.1 J g-1, respectively, with the increase in PTMEG concentration from 0 to 40 wt%. Moreover, nonisothermal crystallization was carried out to explore the crystallization behavior of copolymers; the crystallization rate of PBT reduced gradually when PTMEG content increased. Hence, a decrement in the spherulite growth rate was detected in polarizing light microscope (PLM) observation, observing that the PTMEG could enhance the hindrance in the molecular chain to lower the crystallinity of PBT-co-PTMEG copolyester. Moreover, thermal properties and the crystallization rate of PBT-co-PTMEG copolymers can be amended via the regulation of PTMEG contents.
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13
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Wang R, He C, Dong K, Zhao X, Li Y, Hu Y. Delineation of the Crucial Evolutionary Amino Acid Sites in Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase From Higher Plants. Evol Bioinform Online 2020; 16:1176934320910145. [PMID: 32214790 PMCID: PMC7065436 DOI: 10.1177/1176934320910145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of trehalose, with its direct product, trehalose-6-phosphate, playing important roles in regulating whole-plant carbohydrate allocation and utilization. Genes encoding TPS constitute a multigene family in which functional divergence appears to have occurred repeatedly. To identify the crucial evolutionary amino acid sites of TPS in higher plants, a series of bioinformatics tools were applied to investigate the phylogenetic relationships, functional divergence, positive selection, and co-evolution of TPS proteins. First, we identified 150 TPS genes from 13 higher plant species. Phylogenetic analysis placed these TPS proteins into 2 clades: clades A and B, of which clade B could be further divided into 4 subclades (B1-B4). This classification was supported by the intron-exon structures, with more introns present in clade A. Next, detection of the critical functionally divergent amino acid sites resulted in the isolation of a total of 286 sites reflecting nonredundant radical shifts in amino acid properties with a high posterior probability cutoff among subclades. In addition, positively selected sites were identified using a codon substitution model, from which 46 amino acid sites were isolated as exhibiting positive selection at a significant level. Moreover, 18 amino acid sites were highlighted both for functional divergence and positive selection; these may thus potentially represent crucial evolutionary sites in the TPS family. Further co-evolutionary analysis revealed 3 pairs of sites: 11S and 12H, 33S and 34N, and 109G and 110E as demonstrating co-evolution. Finally, the 18 crucial evolutionary amino acid sites were mapped in the 3-dimensional structure. A total of 77 sites harboring functionally and structurally important residues of TPS proteins were found by using the CLIPS-4D online tool; notably, no overlap was observed with the identified crucial evolutionary sites, providing positive evidence supporting their designation. A total of 18 sites were isolated as key amino acids by using multiple bioinformatics tools based on their concomitant functional divergence and positive selection. Almost all these key sites are located in 2 domains of this protein family where they exhibit no overlap with the structurally and functionally conserved sites. These results will provide an improved understanding of the complexity of the TPS gene family and of its function and evolution in higher plants. Moreover, this knowledge may facilitate the exploitation of these sites for protein engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal
University, Beijing, China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant
Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University,
Beijing, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant
Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University,
Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal
University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal
University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingkao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal
University, Beijing, China
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Moura CS, Silva JC, Faria S, Fernandes PR, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS, Linhardt R, Bártolo PJ, Ferreira FC. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on 3D porous poly (ε-caprolactone) scaffolds: Effects of material alkaline treatment and chondroitin sulfate supplementation. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:756-764. [PMID: 32107152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage defects resultant from trauma or degenerative diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis) can potentially be repaired using tissue engineering (TE) strategies combining progenitor cells, biomaterial scaffolds and bio-physical/chemical cues. This work examines promoting chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) by combining the effects of modified poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds hydrophilicity and chondroitin sulfate (CS) supplementation in a hypoxic 5% oxygen atmosphere. 3D-extruded PCL scaffolds, characterized by μCT, featured a 21 mm-1 surface area to volume ratio, 390 μm pore size and approximately 100% pore interconnectivity. Scaffold immersion in sodium hydroxide solutions for different periods of time had major effects in scaffold surface morphology, wettability and mechanical properties, but without improvements on cell adhesion. In-situ chondrogenic differentiation of BM-MSC seeded in 3D-extruded PCL scaffolds resulted in higher cell populations and ECM deposition along all scaffold structure, when chondrogenesis was preceded by an expansion phase. Additionally, CS supplementation during BM-MSC expansion was crucial to enhance aggrecan gene expression, known as a hallmark of chondrogenesis. Overall, this study presents an approach to tailor the wettability and mechanical properties of PCL scaffolds and supports the use of CS-supplementation as a biochemical cue in integrated TE strategies for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sofia Moura
- CDRSP, Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Sofia Faria
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IDMEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rui Fernandes
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IDMEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Lobato da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Manuel Sampaio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Paulo Jorge Bártolo
- Manchester Biomanufacturing Centre, School of Mechanical and Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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15
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Zhang B, Cristescu R, Chrisey DB, Narayan RJ. Solvent-based Extrusion 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:211. [PMID: 32596549 PMCID: PMC7294686 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i1.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been emerging as a new technology for scaffold fabrication to overcome the problems associated with the undesirable microstructure associated with the use of traditional methods. Solvent-based extrusion (SBE) 3D printing is a popular 3D printing method, which enables incorporation of cells during the scaffold printing process. The scaffold can be customized by optimizing the scaffold structure, biomaterial, and cells to mimic the properties of natural tissue. However, several technical challenges prevent SBE 3D printing from translation to clinical use, such as the properties of current biomaterials, the difficulties associated with simultaneous control of multiple biomaterials and cells, and the scaffold-to-scaffold variability of current 3D printed scaffolds. In this review paper, a summary of SBE 3D printing for tissue engineering (TE) is provided. The influences of parameters such as ink biomaterials, ink rheological behavior, cross-linking mechanisms, and printing parameters on scaffold fabrication are considered. The printed scaffold structure, mechanical properties, degradation, and biocompatibility of the scaffolds are summarized. It is believed that a better understanding of the scaffold fabrication process and assessment methods can improve the functionality of SBE-manufactured 3D printed scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Rodica Cristescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Douglas B Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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16
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Heidarzadeh N, del Valle LJ, Franco L, Puiggalí J. Improvement of Biodegradability and Biocompatibility of Electrospun Scaffolds of Poly(butylene terephthalate) by Incorporation of Sebacate Units. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Tan GZ, Zhou Y. Electrospinning of biomimetic fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering: a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1636248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Z. Tan
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yingge Zhou
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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18
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Abdulghani S, Morouço PG. Biofabrication for osteochondral tissue regeneration: bioink printability requirements. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:20. [PMID: 30689057 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication allows the formation of 3D scaffolds through a precise spatial control. This is of foremost importance when aiming to mimic heterogeneous and anisotropic architecture, such as that of the osteochondral tissue. Osteochondral defects are a supreme challenge for tissue engineering due to the compositional and structural complexity of stratified architecture and contrasting biomechanical properties of the cartilage-bone interface. This review highlights the advancements and retreats witnessed by using developed bioinks for tissue regeneration, taking osteochondral tissue as a challenging example. Methods, materials and requirements for bioprinting were discussed, highlighting the pre and post-processing factors that researchers should consider towards the development of a clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Abdulghani
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal - Zona Industrial., Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal.
| | - Pedro G Morouço
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal - Zona Industrial., Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
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19
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Song J, Liu G, Wang R, Sun L, Zhang P. A novel method for predicting RNA-interacting residues in proteins using a combination of feature-based and sequence template-based methods. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1612275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Song
- Department of Computational intelligence College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Department of Computational intelligence College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Department of Computational intelligence College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Liyan Sun
- Department of Computational intelligence College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Computational intelligence College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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20
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21
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Grande S, Cools P, Asadian M, Van Guyse J, Onyshchenko I, Declercq H, Morent R, Hoogenboom R, De Geyter N. Fabrication of PEOT/PBT Nanofibers by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Treatment of Electrospinning Solutions for Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800309. [PMID: 30353664 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the enhanced electrospinning of 300-Polyethylene oxide-polyethylene oxide terephthalate/polybutylene terephthalate (PEOT/PBT). An atmospheric pressure plasma jet for liquid treatment is applied to a solution with 9 w/v% PEOT/PBT dissolved in either chloroform (CHCl3 ), CHCl3 + N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), CHCl3 + methanol (MeOH), or CHCl3 + hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). For all conditions, the plasma-treated samples present better-quality fibers: less or no-beads and uniform fiber diameter distribution. Except for CHCl3 + DMF, no significant changes to the material bulk are detected, as shown with size exclusion chromatography (SEC). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra performed on nanofibers record an increase in C-C bonds for the CHCl3 + DMF combination upon plasma modification, while a shift and slight increase in oxygen-containing bonds is found for the CHCl3 + HFIP and CHCl3 + MeOH mixtures. MTT assay shows no-cytotoxic effects for CHCl3 + DMF, while a better cellular adhesion is found on nanofibers from CHCl3 + MeOH and CHCl3 + HFIP. Among the examined additives, MeOH is preferable as it produces beadless electrospun nanofibers with an average diameter of 290 ± 100 nm without causing significant changes to the final nanofiber surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grande
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cools
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mahtab Asadian
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Van Guyse
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iuliia Onyshchenko
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rino Morent
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Prasopthum A, Shakesheff KM, Yang J. Direct three-dimensional printing of polymeric scaffolds with nanofibrous topography. Biofabrication 2018; 10:025002. [PMID: 29235445 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaa15b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a powerful manufacturing tool for making 3D structures with well-defined architectures for a wide range of applications. The field of tissue engineering has also adopted this technology to fabricate scaffolds for tissue regeneration. The ability to control architecture of scaffolds, e.g. matching anatomical shapes and having defined pore size, has since been improved significantly. However, the material surface of these scaffolds is smooth and does not resemble that found in natural extracellular matrix (ECM), in particular, the nanofibrous morphology of collagen. This natural nanoscale morphology plays a critical role in cell behaviour. Here, we have developed a new approach to directly fabricate polymeric scaffolds with an ECM-like nanofibrous topography and defined architectures using extrusion-based 3D printing. 3D printed tall scaffolds with interconnected pores were created with disparate features spanning from nanometres to centimetres. Our approach removes the need for a sacrificial mould and subsequent mould removal compared to previous methods. Moreover, the nanofibrous topography of the 3D printed scaffolds significantly enhanced protein absorption, cell adhesion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells when compared to those with smooth material surfaces. These 3D printed scaffolds with both defined architectures and nanoscale ECM-mimicking morphologies have potential applications in cartilage and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Prasopthum
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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23
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Ribeiro VP, Pina S, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Silk Fibroin-Based Hydrogels and Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair and Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1058:305-325. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Vanderburgh J, Fernando S, Merkel A, Sterling J, Guelcher S. Fabrication of Trabecular Bone-Templated Tissue-Engineered Constructs by 3D Inkjet Printing. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700369. [PMID: 28892261 PMCID: PMC5815519 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3D printing enables the creation of scaffolds with precisely controlled morphometric properties for multiple tissue types, including musculoskeletal tissues such as cartilage and bone. Computed tomography (CT) imaging has been combined with 3D printing to fabricate anatomically scaled patient-specific scaffolds for bone regeneration. However, anatomically scaled scaffolds typically lack sufficient resolution to recapitulate the <100 micrometer-scale trabecular architecture essential for investigating the cellular response to the morphometric properties of bone. In this study, it is hypothesized that the architecture of trabecular bone regulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. To test this hypothesis, human bone-templated 3D constructs are fabricated via a new micro-CT/3D inkjet printing process. It is shown that this process reproducibly fabricates bone-templated constructs that recapitulate the anatomic site-specific morphometric properties of trabecular bone. A significant correlation is observed between the structure model index (a morphometric parameter related to surface curvature) and the degree of mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells, with more concave surfaces promoting more extensive osteoblast differentiation and mineralization compared to predominately convex surfaces. These findings highlight the significant effects of trabecular architecture on osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vanderburgh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Shanik Fernando
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Alyssa Merkel
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (VISN 9), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie Sterling
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (VISN 9), Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Scott Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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25
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Lee YH, Wu HC, Yeh CW, Kuan CH, Liao HT, Hsu HC, Tsai JC, Sun JS, Wang TW. Enzyme-crosslinked gene-activated matrix for the induction of mesenchymal stem cells in osteochondral tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:210-226. [PMID: 28899816 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of osteochondral tissue engineering is an important issue for the treatment of traumatic injury or aging associated joint disease. However, the different compositions and mechanical properties of cartilage and subchondral bone show the complexity of this tissue interface, making it challenging for the design and fabrication of osteochondral graft substitute. In this study, a bilayer scaffold is developed to promote the regeneration of osteochondral tissue within a single integrated construct. It has the capacity to serve as a gene delivery platform to promote transfection of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the functional osteochondral tissues formation. For the subchondral bone layer, the bone matrix with organic (type I collagen, Col) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite, Hap) composite scaffold has been developed through mineralization of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals oriented growth on collagen fibrils. We also prepare multi-shell nanoparticles in different layers with a calcium phosphate core and DNA/calcium phosphate shells conjugated with polyethyleneimine to act as non-viral vectors for delivery of plasmid DNA encoding BMP2 and TGF-β3, respectively. Microbial transglutaminase is used as a cross-linking agent to crosslink the bilayer scaffold. The ability of this scaffold to act as a gene-activated matrix is demonstrated with successful transfection efficiency. The results show that the sustained release of plasmids from gene-activated matrix can promote prolonged transgene expression and stimulate hMSCs differentiation into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages by spatial and temporal control within the bilayer composite scaffold. This improved delivery method may enhance the functionalized composite graft to accelerate healing process for osteochondral tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this study, a gene-activated matrix (GAM) to promote the growth of both cartilage and subchondral bone within a single integrated construct is developed. It has the capacity to promote transfection of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the functional osteochondral tissues formation. The results show that the sustained release of plasmids including TGF-beta and BMP-2 from GAM could promote prolonged transgene expression and stimulate hMSCs differentiation into the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages by spatial control manner. This improved delivery method should enhance the functionalized composite graft to accelerate healing process in vitro and in vivo for osteochondral tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chin Wu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tatung University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tsung Liao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Che Tsai
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tatung University, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
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26
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Dorcemus DL, George EO, Dealy CN, Nukavarapu SP. * Harnessing External Cues: Development and Evaluation of an In Vitro Culture System for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:719-737. [PMID: 28346796 PMCID: PMC5568178 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, engineered structures have been developed for osteochondral (OC) tissue regeneration. While the optimal structure design is yet to be determined, these scaffolds require in vitro evaluation before clinical use. However, the means by which complex scaffolds, such as OC scaffolds, can be tested are limited. Taking advantage of a mesenchymal stem cell's (MSC's) ability to respond to its surrounding we harness external cues, such as the cell's mechanical environment and delivered factors, to create an in vitro culture system for OC tissue engineering with a single cell source on a gradient yet integrated scaffold system. To do this, the effect of hydrogel stiffness on the expression of human MSCs (hMSCs) chondrogenic differentiation was studied using histological analysis. Additionally, hMSCs were also cultured in different combinations of chondrogenic and osteogenic media to develop a co-differentiation media suitable for OC lineage differentiation. A uniquely graded (density-gradient matrix) OC scaffold with a distal cartilage hydrogel phase specifically tailored to support chondrogenic differentiation was cultured using a newly developed "simulated in vivo culture method." The scaffold's culture in co-differentiation media models hMSC infiltration into the scaffold and subsequent differentiation into the distal cartilage and proximal bone layers. Cartilage and bone marker staining along with specific matrix depositions reveal the effect of external cues on the hMSC differentiation. As a result of these studies a model system was developed to study and culture OC scaffolds in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Dorcemus
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
- 2 Institute for Regenerative Engineering, UCONN Health , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Eve O George
- 2 Institute for Regenerative Engineering, UCONN Health , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Caroline N Dealy
- 3 Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UCONN Health , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Syam P Nukavarapu
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
- 2 Institute for Regenerative Engineering, UCONN Health , Farmington, Connecticut
- 4 Orthopaedic Surgery Department, UCONN Health , Farmington, Connecticut
- 5 Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
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27
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Laronda MM, Rutz AL, Xiao S, Whelan KA, Duncan FE, Roth EW, Woodruff TK, Shah RN. A bioprosthetic ovary created using 3D printed microporous scaffolds restores ovarian function in sterilized mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15261. [PMID: 28509899 PMCID: PMC5440811 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging additive manufacturing techniques enable investigation of the effects of pore geometry on cell behavior and function. Here, we 3D print microporous hydrogel scaffolds to test how varying pore geometry, accomplished by manipulating the advancing angle between printed layers, affects the survival of ovarian follicles. 30° and 60° scaffolds provide corners that surround follicles on multiple sides while 90° scaffolds have an open porosity that limits follicle-scaffold interaction. As the amount of scaffold interaction increases, follicle spreading is limited and survival increases. Follicle-seeded scaffolds become highly vascularized and ovarian function is fully restored when implanted in surgically sterilized mice. Moreover, pups are born through natural mating and thrive through maternal lactation. These findings present an in vivo functional ovarian implant designed with 3D printing, and indicate that scaffold pore architecture is a critical variable in additively manufactured scaffold design for functional tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Laronda
- Division of Reproductive Biology in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Center for Reproductive Science, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Oncofertility Consortium, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Rutz
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Shuo Xiao
- Division of Reproductive Biology in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Center for Reproductive Science, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Oncofertility Consortium, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Division of Reproductive Biology in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Center for Reproductive Science, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Oncofertility Consortium, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Francesca E. Duncan
- Division of Reproductive Biology in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Center for Reproductive Science, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Oncofertility Consortium, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Eric W. Roth
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Teresa K. Woodruff
- Division of Reproductive Biology in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Center for Reproductive Science, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Oncofertility Consortium, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Ramille N. Shah
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Mouser VHM, Abbadessa A, Levato R, Hennink WE, Vermonden T, Gawlitta D, Malda J. Development of a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs. Biofabrication 2017; 9:015026. [PMID: 28229956 PMCID: PMC7116181 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters is crucial for the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs. This study aims to design and develop cartilage constructs with tunable internal architectures and relevant mechanical properties. More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. Additionally, co-printing with polycaprolactone (PCL) was performed for mechanical reinforcement. Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. Young's moduli were determined for hydrogels with the different HAMA concentrations. Additionally, hydrogel/PCL constructs with different internal architectures were co-printed and analyzed for their mechanical properties. The results of this study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. Young's moduli of generated hydrogel constructs ranged from 14 to 31 kPa and increased with increasing HAMA concentration. The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels with 0.5% HAMA were found to be optimal for cartilage-like tissue formation. Therefore, this hydrogel system was co-printed with PCL to generate porous or solid constructs with different mesh sizes. Young's moduli of these composite constructs were in the range of native cartilage (3.5-4.6 MPa). Interestingly, the co-printing procedure influenced the mechanical properties of the final constructs. These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- VHM Mouser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Abbadessa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - WE Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80163, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Liu X, Li Y, He J, Zhao T, Chen C, Gu H, Wang X. Paclitaxel-loaded pluronic F127/P123 silica nanocapsules with surface conjugated rhTRAIL for targeted cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel anticancer drug PFPSNT, paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded polymeric F127/P123 silica nanocapsules conjugated with TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), was designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bioresources
- The Faculty of Life Science
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Yuebin Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices
- Faculty of Physics & Electronic Sciences
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
| | - Jian He
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices
- Faculty of Physics & Electronic Sciences
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices
- Faculty of Physics & Electronic Sciences
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
| | - Changmei Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bioresources
- The Faculty of Life Science
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Haoshuang Gu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices
- Faculty of Physics & Electronic Sciences
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bioresources
- The Faculty of Life Science
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
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Vanderburgh J, Sterling JA, Guelcher SA. 3D Printing of Tissue Engineered Constructs for In Vitro Modeling of Disease Progression and Drug Screening. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:164-179. [PMID: 27169894 PMCID: PMC5106334 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
2D cell culture and preclinical animal models have traditionally been implemented for investigating the underlying cellular mechanisms of human disease progression. However, the increasing significance of 3D vs. 2D cell culture has initiated a new era in cell culture research in which 3D in vitro models are emerging as a bridge between traditional 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models. Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing), defined as the layer-by-layer fabrication of parts directed by digital information from a 3D computer-aided design file, offers the advantages of simultaneous rapid prototyping and biofunctionalization as well as the precise placement of cells and extracellular matrix with high resolution. In this review, we highlight recent advances in 3D printing of tissue engineered constructs that recapitulate the physical and cellular properties of the tissue microenvironment for investigating mechanisms of disease progression and for screening drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vanderburgh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Julie A Sterling
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1235 MRB IV, 2222 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Marrella A, Cavo M, Scaglione S. Rapid Prototyping for the Engineering of Osteochondral Tissues. REGENERATIVE STRATEGIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF KNEE JOINT DISABILITIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44785-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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The effect of scaffold pore size in cartilage tissue engineering. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2016; 14:e223-9. [PMID: 27444061 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of scaffold pore size and interconnectivity is undoubtedly a crucial factor for most tissue engineering applications. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pore size and porosity on cartilage construct development in different scaffolds seeded with articular chondrocytes. METHODS We fabricated poly-L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate scaffolds with different pore sizes, using a solvent-casting/particulate-leaching technique. We seeded primary bovine articular chondrocytes on these scaffolds, cultured the constructs for 2 weeks and examined cell proliferation, viability and cell-specific production of cartilaginous extracellular matrix proteins, including GAG and collagen. RESULTS Cell density significantly increased up to 50% with scaffold pore size and porosity, likely facilitated by cell spreading on the internal surface of bigger pores, and by increased mass transport of gases and nutrients to cells, and catabolite removal from cells, allowed by lower diffusion barriers in scaffolds with a higher porosity. However, both the cell metabolic activity and the synthesis of cartilaginous matrix proteins significantly decreased by up to 40% with pore size. We propose that the association of smaller pore diameters, causing 3-dimensional cell aggregation, to a lower oxygenation caused by a lower porosity, could have been the condition that increased the cell-specific synthesis of cartilaginous matrix proteins in the scaffold with the smallest pores and the lowest porosity among those tested. CONCLUSIONS In the initial steps of in vitro cartilage engineering, the combination of small scaffold pores and low porosity is an effective strategy with regard to the promotion of chondrogenesis.
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Olubamiji AD, Izadifar Z, Si JL, Cooper DML, Eames BF, Chen DXB. Modulating mechanical behaviour of 3D-printed cartilage-mimetic PCL scaffolds: influence of molecular weight and pore geometry. Biofabrication 2016; 8:025020. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/2/025020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Porous microcarrier-enabled three-dimensional culture of chondrocytes for cartilage engineering: A feasibility study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:235-241. [PMID: 30603404 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage repair is substantially intractable due to poor self-healing ability. Porous microspheres can be a fascinating three-dimensional matrix for cell culture and injectable carrier in cartilage engineering. In this study, we assessed the feasible use of porous biopolymer microspheres for chondrocyte carriers. When seeded onto the blended biopolymer microspheres and followed by a dynamic spinner flask culture, the chondrocytes showed robust growth behaviors during the culture period. The gene expressions of SOX9, type II collagen, and aggrecan were significantly upregulated after 2-week of culture. Furthermore, immunolocalization of type II collagen and secretion of glycosaminolglycan became prominent. The results suggest the feasible usefulness of the porous microspheres as the cell culture matrix and the subsequent delivery into cartilage defects.
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Marrella A, Aiello M, Quarto R, Scaglione S. Chemical and morphological gradient scaffolds to mimic hierarchically complex tissues: From theoretical modeling to their fabrication. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2286-97. [PMID: 27093435 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porous multiphase scaffolds have been proposed in different tissue engineering applications because of their potential to artificially recreate the heterogeneous structure of hierarchically complex tissues. Recently, graded scaffolds have been also realized, offering a continuum at the interface among different phases for an enhanced structural stability of the scaffold. However, their internal architecture is often obtained empirically and the architectural parameters rarely predetermined. The aim of this work is to offer a theoretical model as tool for the design and fabrication of functional and structural complex graded scaffolds with predicted morphological and chemical features, to overcome the time-consuming trial and error experimental method. This developed mathematical model uses laws of motions, Stokes equations, and viscosity laws to describe the dependence between centrifugation speed and fiber/particles sedimentation velocity over time, which finally affects the fiber packing, and thus the total porosity of the 3D scaffolds. The efficacy of the theoretical model was tested by realizing engineered graded grafts for osteochondral tissue engineering applications. The procedure, based on combined centrifugation and freeze-drying technique, was applied on both polycaprolactone (PCL) and collagen-type-I (COL) to test the versatility of the entire process. A functional gradient was combined to the morphological one by adding hydroxyapatite (HA) powders, to mimic the bone mineral phase. Results show that 3D bioactive morphologically and chemically graded grafts can be properly designed and realized in agreement with the theoretical model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2286-2297. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marrella
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, IEIIT Institute, Via De Marini 6, Genoa, 16149, Italy
| | - Maurizio Aiello
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, IEIIT Institute, Via De Marini 6, Genoa, 16149, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, IEIIT Institute, Via De Marini 6, Genoa, 16149, Italy.
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Szivek JA, Ruth JT, Heden GJ, Martinez MA, Diggins NH, Wenger KH. Determination of joint loads using new sensate scaffolds for regenerating large cartilage defects in the knee. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1409-1421. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Szivek
- Orthopaedic Research Lab; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
| | - John T. Ruth
- Orthopaedic Research Lab; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
| | - Greg J. Heden
- Orthopaedic Research Lab; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
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Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030197. [PMID: 28773323 PMCID: PMC5456666 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, post-surgical or post-accidental bone loss can be substituted by custom-made scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) methods from metallic powders. However, the partially melted powder particles must be removed in a post-process chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the chemical polishing with various acid baths on novel scaffolds' morphology, porosity and mechanical properties. In the first stage, Magics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) was used to design a porous scaffolds with pore size equal to (A) 200 µm, (B) 500 µm and (C) 200 + 500 µm, and diamond cell structure. The scaffolds were fabricated from commercially pure titanium powder (CP Ti) using a SLM50 3D printing machine (Realizer GmbH, Borchen, Germany). The selective laser melting (SLM) process was optimized and the laser beam energy density in range of 91-151 J/mm³ was applied to receive 3D structures with fully dense struts. To remove not fully melted titanium particles the scaffolds were chemically polished using various HF and HF-HNO₃ acid solutions. Based on scaffolds mass loss and scanning electron (SEM) observations, baths which provided most uniform surface cleaning were proposed for each porosity. The pore and strut size after chemical treatments was calculated based on the micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and SEM images. The mechanical tests showed that the treated scaffolds had Young's modulus close to that of compact bone. Additionally, the effect of pore size of chemically polished scaffolds on cell retention, proliferation and differentiation was studied using human mesenchymal stem cells. Small pores yielded higher cell retention within the scaffolds, which then affected their growth. This shows that in vitro cell performance can be controlled to certain extent by varying pore sizes.
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Panadero J, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribelles JG. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering: Individual and synergetic effects of three-dimensional environment and mechanical loading. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:1-12. [PMID: 26826532 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis of dedifferentiated chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells is influenced not only by soluble molecules like growth factors, but also by the cell environment itself. The latter is achieved through both mechanical cues - which act as stimulation factor and influences nutrient transport - and adhesion to extracellular matrix cues - which determine cell shape. Although the effects of soluble molecules and cell environment have been intensively addressed, few observations and conclusions about the interaction between the two have been achieved. In this work, we review the state of the art on the single effects between mechanical and biochemical cues, as well as on the combination of the two. Furthermore, we provide a discussion on the techniques currently used to determine the mechanical properties of materials and tissues generated in vitro, their limitations and the future research needs to properly address the identified problems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The importance of biomechanical cues in chondrogenesis is well known. This paper reviews the existing literature on the effect of mechanical stimulation on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in order to regenerate hyaline cartilage. Contradictory results found with respect to the effect of different modes of external loading can be explained by the different properties of the scaffolding system that holds the cells, which determine cell adhesion and morphology and spatial distribution of cells, as well as the stress transmission to the cells. Thus, this review seeks to provide an insight into the interplay between external loading program and scaffold properties during chondrogenic differentiation. The review of the literature reveals an important gap in the knowledge in this field and encourages new experimental studies. The main issue is that in each of the few cases in which the interplay is investigated, just two groups of scaffolds are compared, leaving intermediate adhesion conditions out of study. The authors propose broader studies implementing new high-throughput techniques for mechanical characterization of tissue engineering constructs and the inclusion of fatigue analysis as support methodology to more exhaustive mechanical characterization.
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Camarero-Espinosa S, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Foster EJ, Weder C. Articular cartilage: from formation to tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:734-67. [PMID: 26923076 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is the nonlinear, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, poro-viscoelastic connective tissue that serves as friction-reducing and load-bearing cushion in synovial joints and is vital for mammalian skeletal movements. Due to its avascular nature, low cell density, low proliferative activity and the tendency of chondrocytes to de-differentiate, cartilage cannot regenerate after injury, wear and tear, or degeneration through common diseases such as osteoarthritis. Therefore severe damage usually requires surgical intervention. Current clinical strategies to generate new tissue include debridement, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte transplantation, and mosaicplasty. While articular cartilage was predicted to be one of the first tissues to be successfully engineered, it proved to be challenging to reproduce the complex architecture and biomechanical properties of the native tissue. Despite significant research efforts, only a limited number of studies have evolved up to the clinical trial stage. This review article summarizes the current state of cartilage tissue engineering in the context of relevant biological aspects, such as the formation and growth of hyaline cartilage, its composition, structure and biomechanical properties. Special attention is given to materials development, scaffold designs, fabrication methods, and template-cell interactions, which are of great importance to the structure and functionality of the engineered tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Hendrikson WJ, Zeng X, Rouwkema J, van Blitterswijk CA, van der Heide E, Moroni L. Biological and Tribological Assessment of Poly(Ethylene Oxide Terephthalate)/Poly(Butylene Terephthalate), Polycaprolactone, and Poly (L\DL) Lactic Acid Plotted Scaffolds for Skeletal Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:232-43. [PMID: 26775915 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufactured scaffolds are fabricated from three commonly used biomaterials, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (L\DL) lactic acid (P(L\DL)LA), and poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT). Scaffolds are compared biologically and tribologically. Cell-seeded PEOT/PBT scaffolds cultured in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation media show statistical significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity/DNA and glycosaminoglycans (GAG)/DNA ratios, followed by PCL and P(L\DL)LA scaffolds, respectively. The tribological performance is assessed by determining the friction coefficients of the scaffolds at different loads and sliding velocities. With increasing load or decreasing sliding velocity, the friction coefficient value decreases. PEOT/PBT show to have the lowest friction coefficient value, followed by PCL and P(L\DL)LA. The influence of the scaffold architecture is further determined with PEOT/PBT. Reducing of the fiber spacing results in a lower friction coefficient value. The best and the worst performing scaffold architecture are chosen to investigate the effect of cell culture on the friction coefficient. Matrix deposition is low in the cell-seeded scaffolds and the effect is, therefore, undetermined. Taken together, our studies show that PEOT/PBT scaffolds support better skeletal differentiation of seeded stromal cells and lower friction coefficient compared to PCL and P(L/DL)A scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmus J. Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Xiangqiong Zeng
- Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology; Faculty of Engineering Technology; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration; Maastricht University; Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Emile van der Heide
- Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology; Faculty of Engineering Technology; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
- TNO; Eindhoven 5600 HE The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration; Maastricht University; Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
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Green JD, Tollemar V, Dougherty M, Yan Z, Yin L, Ye J, Collier Z, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Kang R, Lee MJ, Ho SH, He TC, Shi LL, Athiviraham A. Multifaceted signaling regulators of chondrogenesis: Implications in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. Genes Dis 2015; 2:307-327. [PMID: 26835506 PMCID: PMC4730920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular nature. Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fibrous tissue. Here, we review the current understanding of the most important biological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions, to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue engineering. These include various signaling pathways, including: fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, hypoxia, and angiogenic signaling pathways. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also be discussed. Advances in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Green
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Viktor Tollemar
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark Dougherty
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zachary Collier
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Jafari M, Paknejad Z, Rad MR, Motamedian SR, Eghbal MJ, Nadjmi N, Khojasteh A. Polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering: a literature review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:431-459. [PMID: 26496456 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tissue engineering scaffold acts as an extracellular matrix that interacts to the cells prior to forming new tissues. The chemical and structural characteristics of scaffolds are major concerns in fabricating of ideal three-dimensional structure for tissue engineering applications. The polymer scaffolds used for tissue engineering should possess proper architecture and mechanical properties in addition to supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Much research has been done on the topic of polymeric scaffold properties such as surface topographic features (roughness and hydrophilicity) and scaffold microstructures (pore size, porosity, pore interconnectivity, and pore and fiber architectures) that influence the cell-scaffold interactions. In this review, efforts were given to evaluate the effect of both chemical and structural characteristics of scaffolds on cell behaviors such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. This review would provide the fundamental information which would be beneficial for scaffold design in future. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 431-459, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maissa Jafari
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahrasadat Paknejad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Eghbal
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Nadjmi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Barron V, Neary M, Mohamed KMS, Ansboro S, Shaw G, O’Malley G, Rooney N, Barry F, Murphy M. Evaluation of the Early In Vivo Response of a Functionally Graded Macroporous Scaffold in an Osteochondral Defect in a Rabbit Model. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:1832-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Islam A, Chapin K, Younesi M, Akkus O. Computer aided biomanufacturing of mechanically robust pure collagen meshes with controlled macroporosity. Biofabrication 2015. [PMID: 26200002 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/3/035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Reconciliation of high strength and high porosity in pure collagen based structures is a major barrier in collagen's use in load-bearing applications. The current study developed a CAD/CAM based electrocompaction method to manufacture highly porous patterned scaffolds using pure collagen. Utilization of computerized scaffold design and fabrication allows the integration of mesh-scaffolds with controlled pore size, shape and spacing. Mechanical properties of fabricated collagen meshes were investigated as a function of number of patterned layers, and with different pore geometries. The tensile stiffness, tensile strength and modulus ranges from 10-50 N cm(-1), 1-6 MPa and 5-40 MPa respectively for all the scaffold groups. These results are within the range of practical usability of different tissue engineering application such as tendon, hernia, stress urinary incontinence or thoracic wall reconstruction. Moreover, 3-fold increase in the layer number resulted in more than 5-fold increases in failure load, toughness and stiffness which suggests that by changing the number of layers and shape of the structure, mechanical properties can be modulated for the aforementioned tissue engineering application. These patterned scaffolds offer a porosity ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 mm in size, a range that is commensurate with pore sizes of repair meshes in the market. The connected macroporosity of the scaffolds facilitated cell-seeding such that cells populated the entire scaffold at the time of seeding. After 3 d of culture, cell nuclei became elongated. These results indicate that the patterned electrochemical deposition method in this study was able to develop mechanically robust, highly porous collagen scaffolds with controlled porosity which not only tries to solve one of the major tissue engineering problems at a fundamental level but also has a significant potential to be used in different tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anowarul Islam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Jo AR, Hong MW, Cho YS, Song KM, Lee JH, Sohn D, Kim YY, Cho YS. Assessment of cell proliferation in knitting scaffolds with respect to pore-size heterogeneity, surface wettability, and surface roughness. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ra Jo
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; College of Engineering; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Wha Hong
- Department of Orthopedics; Deajeon St. Mary's Hospital; Catholic University of Korea; 64, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu Daejeon 301-723 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Cho
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; College of Engineering; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Myoung Song
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; College of Engineering; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nano Convergence System; Nano Convergence and Manufacturing Systems Research Division; Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM); 156, Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu Daejeon 305-343 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Sohn
- Division of Mechanical Engineering; College of Engineering; Korea Maritime and Ocean University; 727 Taejong-ro Yeongdo-gu Busan 606-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yul Kim
- Department of Orthopedics; Deajeon St. Mary's Hospital; Catholic University of Korea; 64, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu Daejeon 301-723 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; College of Engineering; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Republic of Korea
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Mutreja I, Woodfield TBF, Sperling S, Nock V, Evans JJ, Alkaisi MM. Positive and negative bioimprinted polymeric substrates: new platforms for cell culture. Biofabrication 2015; 7:025002. [PMID: 25850524 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/2/025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioimprinting, which involves capturing cell morphological details into a polymer matrix, provides a new class of patterned surfaces which opens an opportunity to investigate how cells respond to their own signatures and may introduce possibilities for regulating their behaviour. In this study, phenotypic details of human nasal chondrocytes (HNCs) were replicated in soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mould resulting in inverse replicas of cells, which have been termed here as 'negative bioimprint'. For the first time, the information from this negative bioimprint was then transferred into another PDMS layer resulting in surfaces which resemble cell morphology and were called 'positive bioimprints'. Soft lithography was used to transfer these details from PDMS into different polymers like polystyrene, tissue culture polystyrene and clinically used block co-polymer poly (ethylene glycol) terephthalate-poly (butylene terephthalate) (PEGT-PBT). Results obtained from surface characterization confirmed that fine details of cells were successfully replicated from cells to different polymer matrices without any significant loss of information during the different steps of pattern transfer. HNCs seeded on different polymer surfaces with positive and negative bioimprints exhibited distinct behaviour. Cells cultured on positive bioimprints were more spread out and displayed high levels of proliferation compared to those on negative bioimprints, where cells were more compact with lower proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mutreja
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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48
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Matsiko A, Gleeson JP, O'Brien FJ. Scaffold Mean Pore Size Influences Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation and Matrix Deposition. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:486-97. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amos Matsiko
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John P. Gleeson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Evaluation of Cartilage Repair by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on a PEOT/PBT Scaffold in an Osteochondral Defect. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2069-82. [PMID: 25589372 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seeded polyethylene-oxide-terephthalate/polybutylene-terephthalate (PEOT/PBT) scaffold for cartilage tissue repair in an osteochondral defect using a rabbit model. Material characterisation using scanning electron microscopy indicated that the scaffold had a 3D architecture characteristic of the additive manufacturing fabrication method, with a strut diameter of 296 ± 52 μm and a pore size of 512 ± 22 μm × 476 ± 25 μm × 180 ± 30 μm. In vitro optimisation revealed that the scaffold did not generate an adverse cell response, optimal cell loading conditions were achieved using 50 μg/ml fibronectin and a cell seeding density of 25 × 10(6) cells/ml and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation after 28 days culture in the presence of TGFβ3 indicated positive chondrogenesis. Cell-seeded scaffolds were implanted in osteochondral defects for 12 weeks, with cell-free scaffolds and empty defects employed as controls. On examination of toluidine blue staining for chondrogenesis and GAG accumulation, both the empty defect and the cell-seeded scaffold appeared to promote repair. However, the empty defect and the cell-free scaffold stained positive for collagen type I or fibrocartilage, while the cell-seeded scaffold stained positive for collagen type II indicative of hyaline cartilage and was statistically better than the cell-free scaffold in the blinded histological evaluation. In summary, MSCs in combination with a 3D PEOT/PBT scaffold created a reparative environment for cartilage repair.
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50
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Hendrikson WJ, Rouwkema J, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L. Influence of PCL molecular weight on mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular weight of polycaprolactone was varied to investigate its effect on stem cell activity. Results showed that polymer molecular weight is an additional parameter to consider when designing scaffolds for skeletal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - J. Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - C. A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - L. Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
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