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Song Y, Jin Q, Zhou B, Deng C, Zhou W, Li W, Yi L, Ding M, Chen Y, Gao T, Zhang L, Xie M. A novel FK506-loading mesoporous silica nanoparticle homing to lymph nodes for transplant rejection treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124074. [PMID: 38565406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (FK506) is an effective therapeutic for transplant rejection in clinical practice, primarily inhibiting rejection by suppressing the activation and proliferation of allogeneic T cells in the lymph nodes (LNs). However, conventional administration methods face challenges in directly delivering free FK506 to the LNs. In this study, we introduce a novel LN-targeted delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-FK506-MECA79). These particles were designed to selectively target high endothelial venules in LNs; this was achieved through surface modification with MECA79 antibodies. Their mean size and zeta potential were 201.18 ± 5.98 nm and - 16.12 ± 0.36 mV, respectively. Our findings showed that MSNs-FK506-MECA79 could accumulate in LNs and increase the local concentration of FK506 from 28.02 ± 7.71 ng/g to 123.81 ± 76.76 ng/g compared with the free FK506 treatment group. Subsequently, the therapeutic efficacy of MSNs-FK506-MECA79 was evaluated in a skin transplantation model. The treatment with MSNs-FK506-MECA79 could lead to a decrease in the infiltration of T cells in the grafts, a reduction in the grade of rejection, and a significant prolongation of survival. Consequently, this study presents a promising strategy for the active LN-targeted delivery of FK506 and improving the immunotherapeutic effects on transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Song
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qiaofeng Jin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Binqian Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wuqi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Luyang Yi
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Mengdan Ding
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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2
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Luo F, Li M, Chen Y, Song S, Yu H, Zhang P, Xiao C, Lv G, Chen X. Immunosuppressive enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for enhanced accumulation in liver allograft to overcome acute rejection. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122476. [PMID: 38266349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute rejection is a life-threatening complication after liver transplantation. Immunosuppressants such as tacrolimus are used to inhibit acute rejection of liver grafts in clinic. However, inefficient intragraft accumulation may reduce the therapeutic outcomes of tacrolimus. Here, an enzyme-responsive nanoparticle is developed to selectively enhance the accumulation of tacrolimus in liver allograft through enzyme-induced aggregation to refine immunotherapeutic efficacy of tacrolimus. The nanoparticles are composed of amphiphilic tacrolimus prodrugs synthesized by covalently conjugating tacrolimus and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)-cleavable peptide-containing methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) to poly (l-glutamic acid). Upon exposure to MMP9, which is overexpressed in rejected liver allografts, the nanoparticles undergo a morphological transition from spherical micellar nanoparticles to microscale aggregate-like scaffolds. Intravenous administration of MMP9-responsive nanoparticles into a rat model of acute liver graft rejection results in enhanced nanoparticle accumulation in allograft as compared to nonresponsive nanoparticles. Consequently, the MMP9-responsive nanoparticles significantly inhibit intragraft inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation, maintain intragraft immunosuppressive environment, alleviate graft damage, improve liver allograft function, abate weight loss and prolong recipient survival. This work proves that morphology-switchable enzyme-responsive nanoparticles represent an innovative strategy for selectively enhancing intragraft accumulation of immunosuppressive agents to improve treatment of liver allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Luo
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Mingqian Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Shifei Song
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China.
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China.
| | - Guoyue Lv
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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3
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Thatte AS, Billingsley MM, Weissman D, Melamed JR, Mitchell MJ. Emerging strategies for nanomedicine in autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115194. [PMID: 38342243 PMCID: PMC11015430 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders have risen to be among the most prevalent chronic diseases across the globe, affecting approximately 5-7% of the population. As autoimmune diseases steadily rise in prevalence, so do the number of potential therapeutic strategies to combat them. In recent years, fundamental research investigating autoimmune pathologies has led to the emergence of several cellular targets that provide new therapeutic opportunities. However, key challenges persist in terms of accessing and specifically combating the dysregulated, self-reactive cells while avoiding systemic immune suppression and other off-target effects. Fortunately, the continued advancement of nanomedicines may provide strategies to address these challenges and bring innovative autoimmunity therapies to the clinic. Through precise engineering and rational design, nanomedicines can possess a variety of physicochemical properties, surface modifications, and cargoes, allowing for specific targeting of therapeutics to pathological cell and organ types. These advances in nanomedicine have been demonstrated in cancer therapies and have the broad potential to advance applications in autoimmunity therapies as well. In this review, we focus on leveraging the power of nanomedicine for prevalent autoimmune disorders throughout the body. We expand on three key areas for the development of autoimmunity therapies - avoiding systemic immunosuppression, balancing interactions with the immune system, and elevating current platforms for delivering complex cargoes - and emphasize how nanomedicine-based strategies can overcome these barriers and enable the development of next-generation, clinically relevant autoimmunity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay S Thatte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jilian R Melamed
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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4
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Hadjiyannis Y, Thomson AW. Regulatory dendritic cell therapy in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2024; 29:121-130. [PMID: 37991065 PMCID: PMC10932828 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Regulatory dendritic cells (DCregs; also 'tolerogenic DCs'), innate immune cells that regulate the alloimmune response, are a novel cellular therapy for organ transplantation. Preliminary results from early-phase clinical trials in live donor kidney and liver transplantation are promising. This follows many years of research elucidating mechanisms of action and utility of DCregs. Herein, we review early-phase clinical trial observations and recent advances in the production, modification, and future-trajectory of DCreg in organ transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical work has demonstrated the ability of adoptively transferred DCreg to abrogate ischemia-reperfusion injury and promote long-term allograft survival. Good Manufacturing Practice-grade DCregs have been generated in adequate numbers for early-phase trials of autologous DCregs in kidney transplantation and donor-derived DCreg in liver transplantation. These trials have demonstrated feasibility and safety, with preliminary evidence of an influence on host immune reactivity. In both kidney and liver transplantation, reduced effector CD8 + T-cells have been noted, together with other changes that may be conducive to reduced dependence on immunosuppressive therapy. SUMMARY Substantial progress has been made in bringing DCreg to clinical testing in organ transplantation. Additional clinical and mechanistic studies are now needed to further explore and garner the full potential of DCreg in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Hadjiyannis
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Mao K, Wang J, Xie Q, Yang YG, Shen S, Sun T, Wang J. Cationic nanoparticles-based approaches for immune tolerance induction in vivo. J Control Release 2024; 366:425-447. [PMID: 38154540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of autoimmune diseases and the rejection of transplanted organs are primarily caused by an exaggerated immune response to autoantigens or graft antigens. Achieving immune tolerance is crucial for the effective treatment of these conditions. However, traditional therapies often have limited therapeutic efficacy and can result in systemic toxic effects. The emergence of nanomedicine offers a promising avenue for addressing immune-related diseases. Among the various nanoparticle formulations, cationic nanoparticles have demonstrated significant potential in inducing immune tolerance. In this review, we provide an overview of the underlying mechanism of autoimmune disease and organ transplantation rejection. We then highlight the recent advancements and advantages of utilizing cationic nanoparticles for inducing immune tolerance in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the prevention of transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuirong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qianyue Xie
- Huafu International Department, Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Song Shen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovatiion Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Ding M, Gao T, Song Y, Yi L, Li W, Deng C, Zhou W, Xie M, Zhang L. Nanoparticle-based T cell immunoimaging and immunomodulatory for diagnosing and treating transplant rejection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24203. [PMID: 38312645 PMCID: PMC10835187 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells serve a pivotal role in the rejection of transplants, both by directly attacking the graft and by recruiting other immune cells, which intensifies the rejection process. Therefore, monitoring T cells becomes crucial for early detection of transplant rejection, while targeted drug delivery specifically to T cells can significantly enhance the effectiveness of rejection therapy. However, regulating the activity of T cells within transplanted organs is challenging, and the prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs is associated with notable side effects and complications. Functionalized nanoparticles offer a potential solution by targeting T cells within transplants or lymph nodes, thereby reducing the off-target effects and improving the long-term survival of the graft. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent advancements in T cell-targeted imaging molecular probes for diagnosing transplant rejection and the progress of T cell-regulating nanomedicines for treating transplant rejection. Additionally, we will discuss future directions and the challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Ding
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yishu Song
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Luyang Yi
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wuqi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
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7
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Li X, Chen Z, Ye W, Yu J, Zhang X, Li Y, Niu Y, Ran S, Wang S, Luo Z, Zhao J, Hao Y, Zong J, Xia C, Xia J, Wu J. High-throughput CRISPR technology: a novel horizon for solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1295523. [PMID: 38239344 PMCID: PMC10794540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the gold standard therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, the shortage of available grafts and long-term graft dysfunction remain the primary barriers to organ transplantation. Exploring approaches to solve these issues is urgent, and CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptome editing provides one potential solution. Furthermore, combining CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing with an ex vivo organ perfusion system would enable pre-implantation transcriptome editing of grafts. How to determine effective intervention targets becomes a new problem. Fortunately, the advent of high-throughput CRISPR screening has dramatically accelerated the effective targets. This review summarizes the current advancements, utilization, and workflow of CRISPR screening in various immune and non-immune cells. It also discusses the ongoing applications of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing in transplantation and the prospective applications of CRISPR screening in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuan Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiulu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanglin Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengkun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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8
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Kauke-Navarro M, Noel OF, Knoedler L, Knoedler S, Panayi AC, Stoegner VA, Huelsboemer L, Pomahac B. Novel Strategies in Transplantation: Genetic Engineering and Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. J Surg Res 2023; 291:176-186. [PMID: 37429217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the clinical success in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), systemic immunosuppression remains necessary to prevent allograft rejection. Even with potent immunosuppressive regimens (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids), most patients experience several rejection episodes, often within the same year. The risk of systemic side effects must constantly be weighed against the risk of under-immunosuppression and, thus, acute and chronic rejection. In this context, genomic editing has emerged as a potential tool to minimize the need for toxic immunosuppressive regimens and has gained attention in the fields of solid organ transplantation and xenotransplantation. This strategy may also be relevant for the future of VCA. METHODS We discuss the topic of genetic engineering and review recent developments in this field that justify investigating tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 in the context of VCA. RESULTS We propose specific strategies for VCA based on the most recent gene expression data. This includes the well-known strategy of tolerance induction. Specifically, targeting the interaction between antigen-presenting cells and recipient-derived T cells by CD40 knockout may be effective. The novelty for VCA is a discovery that donor-derived T lymphocytes may play a special role in allograft rejection of facial transplants. We suggest targeting these cells prior to transplantation (e.g., by ex vivo perfusion of the transplant) by knocking out genes necessary for the long-term persistence of donor-derived immune cells in the allograft. CONCLUSION Despite the demonstrated feasibility of VCA in recent years, continued improvements to immunomodulatory strategies using tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 could lead to the development of approaches that mitigate the limitations associated with rejection of this life-giving procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Olivier F Noel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viola A Stoegner
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lioba Huelsboemer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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9
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Feng S, Xie X, Liu J, Li A, Wang Q, Guo D, Li S, Li Y, Wang Z, Guo T, Zhou J, Tang DYY, Show PL. A potential paradigm in CRISPR/Cas systems delivery: at the crossroad of microalgal gene editing and algal-mediated nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:370. [PMID: 37817254 PMCID: PMC10563294 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae as the photosynthetic organisms offer enormous promise in a variety of industries, such as the generation of high-value byproducts, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, environmental remediation, and others. With the rapid advancement of gene editing technology, CRISPR/Cas system has evolved into an effective tool that revolutionised the genetic engineering of microalgae due to its robustness, high target specificity, and programmability. However, due to the lack of robust delivery system, the efficacy of gene editing is significantly impaired, limiting its application in microalgae. Nanomaterials have become a potential delivery platform for CRISPR/Cas systems due to their advantages of precise targeting, high stability, safety, and improved immune system. Notably, algal-mediated nanoparticles (AMNPs), especially the microalgae-derived nanoparticles, are appealing as a sustainable delivery platform because of their biocompatibility and low toxicity in a homologous relationship. In addition, living microalgae demonstrated effective and regulated distribution into specified areas as the biohybrid microrobots. This review extensively summarised the uses of CRISPR/Cas systems in microalgae and the recent developments of nanoparticle-based CRISPR/Cas delivery systems. A systematic description of the properties and uses of AMNPs, microalgae-derived nanoparticles, and microalgae microrobots has also been discussed. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future research directions for the development of gene-edited microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Aifang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Doris Ying Ying Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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10
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Lin G, Wang J, Yang YG, Zhang Y, Sun T. Advances in dendritic cell targeting nano-delivery systems for induction of immune tolerance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1242126. [PMID: 37877041 PMCID: PMC10593475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1242126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs), play a key role in initiating the body's immune response, maintain the balance of immunity. DCs can also induce immune tolerance by rendering effector T cells absent and anergy, and promoting the expansion of regulatory T cells. Induction of tolerogenic DCs has been proved to be a promising strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and allergic diseases by various laboratory researches and clinical trials. The development of nano-delivery systems has led to advances in situ modulation of the tolerance phenotype of DCs. By changing the material composition, particle size, zeta-potential, and surface modification of nanoparticles, nanoparticles can be used for the therapeutic payloads targeted delivery to DCs, endowing them with great potential in the induction of immune tolerance. This paper reviews how nano-delivery systems can be modulated for targeted delivery to DCs and induce immune tolerance and reviews their potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Allemailem KS, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Al Abdulmonem W, Moawad AA, Alwanian WM, Almansour NM, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Innovative Strategies of Reprogramming Immune System Cells by Targeting CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome-Editing Tools: A New Era of Cancer Management. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5531-5559. [PMID: 37795042 PMCID: PMC10547015 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s424872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent developments in the study of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system have revolutionized the art of genome-editing and its applications for cellular differentiation and immune response behavior. This technology has further helped in understanding the mysteries of cancer progression and possible designing of novel antitumor immunotherapies. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing is now often used to engineer universal T-cells, equipped with recombinant T-cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). In addition, this technology is used in cytokine stimulation, antibody designing, natural killer (NK) cell transfer, and to overcome immune checkpoints. The innovative potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in preparing the building blocks of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy has opened a new window of antitumor immunotherapy and some of them have gained FDA approval. The manipulation of immunogenetic regulators has opened a new interface for designing, implementation and interpretation of CRISPR/Cas9-based screening in immuno-oncology. Several cancers like lymphoma, melanoma, lung, and liver malignancies have been treated with this strategy, once thought to be impossible. The safe and efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system within the immune cells for the genome-editing strategy is a challenging task which needs to be sorted out for efficient immunotherapy. Several targeting approaches like virus-mediated, electroporation, microinjection and nanoformulation-based methods have been used, but each procedure offers some limitations. Here, we elaborate the recent updates of cancer management through immunotherapy in partnership with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Further, some innovative methods of targeting this genome-editing system within the immune system cells for reprogramming them, as a novel strategy of anticancer immunotherapy is elaborated. In addition, future prospects and clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira A Moawad
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Wanian M Alwanian
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Zheng Q, Wang W, Zhou Y, Mo J, Chang X, Zha Z, Zha L. Synthetic nanoparticles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system: classification and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5361-5389. [PMID: 37381725 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing has great potential in biomedical research including disease diagnosis and treatment. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is the most straightforward and cost-effective method. The efficient and precise delivery of CRISPR can impact the specificity and efficacy of gene editing. In recent years, synthetic nanoparticles have been discovered as effective CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vehicles. We categorized synthetic nanoparticles for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and discribed their advantages and disadvantages. Further, the building blocks of different kinds of nanoparticles and their applications in cells/tissues, cancer and other diseases were described in detail. Finally, the challenges encountered in the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery materials were discussed, and potential solutions were provided regarding efficiency and biosafety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Weitao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayin Mo
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Chang
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengbao Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Lisha Zha
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
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13
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Ling K, Dou Y, Yang N, Deng L, Wang Y, Li Y, Yang L, Chen C, Jiang L, Deng Q, Li C, Liang Z, Zhang J. Genome editing mRNA nanotherapies inhibit cervical cancer progression and regulate the immunosuppressive microenvironment for adoptive T-cell therapy. J Control Release 2023; 360:496-513. [PMID: 37423524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing is promising for therapy of cervical cancer by precisely targeting human papillomavirus (HPV). To develop CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing nanotherapies, a pH-responsive hybrid nonviral nanovector was constructed for co-delivering Cas9 mRNA and guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting E6 or E7 oncogenes. The pH-responsive nanovector was fabricated using an acetalated cyclic oligosaccharide (ACD), in combination with low molecular weight polyethyleneimine. Thus obtained hybrid ACD nanoparticles (defined as ACD NP) showed efficient loading for both Cas9 mRNA and E6 or E7 gRNA, giving rise to two pH-responsive genome editing nanotherapies E6/ACD NP and E7/ACD NP, respectively. Cellularly, ACD NP exhibited high transfection but low cytotoxicity in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. Also, efficient genome editing of target genes was achieved in HeLa cells, with minimal off-target effects. In mice bearing HeLa xenografts, treatment with E6/ACD NP or E7/ACD NP afforded effective editing of target oncogenes and considerable antitumor activities. More importantly, treatment with E6/ACD NP or E7/ACD NP notably promoted CD8+ T cell survival by reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby leading to synergistic antitumor effects by combination therapy using the gene editing nanotherapies and adoptive T-cell transfer. Consequently, our pH-responsive genome editing nanotherapies deserve further development for the treatment of HPV-associated cervical cancer, and they can also serve as promising nanotherapies to improve efficacies of other immune therapies against different advanced cancers by regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yin Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Neng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yudi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Leiyan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qingchun Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhiqing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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14
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Schlegel A, Mergental H, Fondevila C, Porte RJ, Friend PJ, Dutkowski P. Machine perfusion of the liver and bioengineering. J Hepatol 2023; 78:1181-1198. [PMID: 37208105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing number of accepted candidates on waiting lists worldwide, there is an urgent need to expand the number and the quality of donor livers. Dynamic preservation approaches have demonstrated various benefits, including improving liver function and graft survival, and reducing liver injury and post-transplant complications. Consequently, organ perfusion techniques are being used in clinical practice in many countries. Despite this success, a proportion of livers do not meet current viability tests required for transplantation, even with the use of modern perfusion techniques. Therefore, devices are needed to further optimise machine liver perfusion - one promising option is to prolong machine liver perfusion for several days, with ex situ treatment of perfused livers. For example, stem cells, senolytics, or molecules targeting mitochondria or downstream signalling can be administered during long-term liver perfusion to modulate repair mechanisms and regeneration. Besides, today's perfusion equipment is also designed to enable the use of various liver bioengineering techniques, to develop scaffolds or for their re-cellularisation. Cells or entire livers can also undergo gene modulation to modify animal livers for xenotransplantation, to directly treat injured organs or to repopulate such scaffolds with "repaired" autologous cells. This review first discusses current strategies to improve the quality of donor livers, and secondly reports on bioengineering techniques to design optimised organs during machine perfusion. Current practice, as well as the benefits and challenges associated with these different perfusion strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schlegel
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centre of Preclinical Research, Milan, 20122, Italy; Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hynek Mergental
- The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery & Transplantation, General & Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert J Porte
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Division of HPB & Transplant Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Friend
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philipp Dutkowski
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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Zhang ZJ, Ding LY, Zuo XL, Feng H, Xia Q. A new paradigm in transplant immunology: At the crossroad of synthetic biology and biomaterials. MED 2023:S2666-6340(23)00142-3. [PMID: 37244257 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients require meticulously tailored immunosuppressive regimens to minimize graft loss and mortality. Traditional approaches focus on inhibiting effector T cells, while the intricate and dynamic immune responses mediated by other components remain unsolved. Emerging advances in synthetic biology and material science have provided novel treatment modalities with increased diversity and precision to the transplantation community. This review investigates the active interface between these two fields, highlights how living and non-living structures can be engineered and integrated for immunomodulation, and discusses their potential application in addressing the challenges in SOT clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lu-Yue Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zuo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China; Punan Branch (Shanghai Punan Hospital), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China.
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16
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Yang W, Cao J, Cheng H, Chen L, Yu M, Chen Y, Cui X. Nanoformulations targeting immune cells for cancer therapy: mRNA therapeutics. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:438-470. [PMCID: PMC9712057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The approved worldwide use of two messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in late 2020 has proven the remarkable success of mRNA therapeutics together with lipid nanoformulation technology in protecting people against coronaviruses during COVID-19 pandemic. This unprecedented and exciting dual strategy with nanoformulations and mRNA therapeutics in play is believed to be a promising paradigm in targeted cancer immunotherapy in future. Recent advances in nanoformulation technologies play a prominent role in adapting mRNA platform in cancer treatment. In this review, we introduce the biologic principles and advancements of mRNA technology, and chemistry fundamentals of intriguing mRNA delivery nanoformulations. We discuss the latest promising nano-mRNA therapeutics for enhanced cancer immunotherapy by modulation of targeted specific subtypes of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs) at peripheral lymphoid organs for initiating mRNA cancer vaccine-mediated antigen specific immunotherapy, and DCs, natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T cells, or multiple immunosuppressive immune cells at tumor microenvironment (TME) for reversing immune evasion. We highlight the clinical progress of advanced nano-mRNA therapeutics in targeted cancer therapy and provide our perspectives on future directions of this transformative integrated technology toward clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jianwei Cao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Xingang Cui
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China,Corresponding author
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17
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Li M, Zhou H, Wu N, Deng W, Dong W, Sun X, Liu H, Tian Z, Wang Y. Pathogen Recognition-Driven Dendritic Cell-Specific Gene Silencing and Editing. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2733-2742. [PMID: 36930562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in both the induction of the immune response and the maintenance of immune tolerance, with any malfunction of DCs potentially causing several diseases. While gene-based therapy for DC manipulation is a promising approach, it remains challenging due to the lack of efficient delivery systems for DC targeting. Herein, we describe a novel bacterial nanomedicine (BNM) system for pathogen recognition-mediated DCs-specific gene silencing and gene editing. BNMs contain components from bacterial outer membranes and achieve efficient DC targeting through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors on DCs. The targeting efficiency of BNMs is reduced in DCs lacking toll-like receptor 4, which is responsible for recognizing lipopolysaccharide, a major component of the bacterial outer membrane. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we present gene-based therapy mediated by BNMs for enhancing antigen cross-presentation in DCs, which generates a remarkable antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Han Zhou
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Namei Wu
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wuxian Deng
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wang Dong
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xun Sun
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hang Liu
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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18
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Fan YN, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Ye QN, Sun YQ, Shen S, Liu Y, Xu CF, Wang J. Progress in nanoparticle-based regulation of immune cells. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2023; 3:152-179. [PMID: 37724086 PMCID: PMC10471115 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells are indispensable defenders of the human body, clearing exogenous pathogens and toxicities or endogenous malignant and aging cells. Immune cell dysfunction can cause an inability to recognize, react, and remove these hazards, resulting in cancers, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infections. Immune cells regulation has shown great promise in treating disease, and immune agonists are usually used to treat cancers and infections caused by immune suppression. In contrast, immunosuppressants are used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the key to maintaining health is to restore balance to the immune system, as excessive activation or inhibition of immune cells is a common complication of immunotherapy. Nanoparticles are efficient drug delivery systems widely used to deliver small molecule inhibitors, nucleic acid, and proteins. Using nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of drugs to immune cells provides opportunities to regulate immune cell function. In this review, we summarize the current progress of nanoparticle-based strategies for regulating immune function and discuss the prospects of future nanoparticle design to improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian-Ni Ye
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Qun Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Song Shen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cong-Fei Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Intelligent nanotherapeutic strategies for the delivery of CRISPR system. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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20
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Huang K, Zapata D, Tang Y, Teng Y, Li Y. In vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing components for therapeutic applications. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121876. [PMID: 36334354 PMCID: PMC10018374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Since its mechanism discovery in 2012 and the first application for mammalian genome editing in 2013, CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized the genome engineering field and created countless opportunities in both basic science and translational medicine. The first clinical trial of CRISPR therapeutics was initiated in 2016, which employed ex vivo CRISPR-Cas9 edited PD-1 knockout T cells for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. So far there have been dozens of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in regard to using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing as the main intervention for therapeutic applications; however, most of these studies use ex vivo genome editing approach, and only a few apply the in vivo editing strategy. Compared to ex vivo editing, in vivo genome editing bypasses tedious procedures related to cell isolation, maintenance, selection, and transplantation. It is also applicable to a wide range of diseases and disorders. The main obstacles to the successful translation of in vivo therapeutic genome editing include the lack of safe and efficient delivery system and safety concerns resulting from the off-target effects. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic applications of in vivo genome editing mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Following a brief introduction of the history, biology, and functionality of CRISPR-Cas9, we showcase a series of exemplary studies in regard to the design and implementation of in vivo genome editing systems that target the brain, inner ear, eye, heart, liver, lung, muscle, skin, immune system, and tumor. Current challenges and opportunities in the field of CRISPR-enabled therapeutic in vivo genome editing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Daniel Zapata
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Yan Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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21
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Liu Z, Li Z, Li B. Nonviral Delivery of CRISPR/Cas Systems in mRNA Format. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
- School of Medicine Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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22
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Nie D, Guo T, Yue M, Li W, Zong X, Zhu Y, Huang J, Lin M. Research Progress on Nanoparticles-Based CRISPR/Cas9 System for Targeted Therapy of Tumors. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091239. [PMID: 36139078 PMCID: PMC9496048 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic mutation disease that seriously endangers the health and life of all human beings. As one of the most amazing academic achievements in the past decade, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been sought after by many researchers due to its powerful gene editing capability. CRISPR/Cas9 technology shows great potential in oncology, and has become one of the most promising technologies for cancer genome-editing therapeutics. However, its efficiency and the safety issues of in vivo gene editing severely limit its widespread application. Therefore, developing a suitable delivery method for the CRISPR/Cas9 system is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Rapid advances in nanomedicine suggest nanoparticles could be a viable option. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the potential use of nanoparticle-based CRISPR/Cas9 systems in cancer therapeutics, in order to further their clinical application. We hope that this review will provide a novel insight into the CRISPR/Cas9 system and offer guidance for nanocarrier designs that will enable its use in cancer clinical applications.
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23
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Shi Y, Lu Y, You J. Antigen transfer and its effect on vaccine-induced immune amplification and tolerance. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5888-5913. [PMID: 35966588 PMCID: PMC9373810 DOI: 10.7150/thno.75904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen transfer refers to the process of intercellular information exchange, where antigenic components including nucleic acids, antigen proteins/peptides and peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (p-MHCs) are transmitted from donor cells to recipient cells at the thymus, secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), intestine, allergic sites, allografts, pathological lesions and vaccine injection sites via trogocytosis, gap junctions, tunnel nanotubes (TNTs), or extracellular vesicles (EVs). In the context of vaccine inoculation, antigen transfer is manipulated by the vaccine type and administration route, which consequently influences, even alters the immunological outcome, i.e., immune amplification and tolerance. Mainly focused on dendritic cells (DCs)-based antigen receptors, this review systematically introduces the biological process, molecular basis and clinical manifestation of antigen transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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24
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Higuchi A, Sung TC, Wang T, Ling QD, Kumar SS, Hsu ST, Umezawa A. Material Design for Next-Generation mRNA Vaccines Using Lipid Nanoparticles. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akon Higuchi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, Okura, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S. Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Pingjen City, Taiwan Taoyuan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, Okura, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Jiang Z, Fu M, Zhu D, Wang X, Li N, Ren L, He J, Yang G. Genetically modified immunomodulatory cell-based biomaterials in tissue regeneration and engineering. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 66:53-73. [PMID: 35690567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To date, the wide application of cell-based biomaterials in tissue engineering and regeneration is remarkably hampered by immune rejection. Reducing the immunogenicity of cell-based biomaterials has become the latest direction in biomaterial research. Recently, genetically modified cell-based biomaterials with immunomodulatory genes have become a feasible solution to the immunogenicity problem. In this review, recent advances and future challenges of genetically modified immunomodulatory cell-based biomaterials are elaborated, including fabrication approaches, mechanisms of common immunomodulatory genes, application and, more importantly, current preclinical and clinical advances. The fabrication approaches can be categorized into commonly used (e.g., virus transfection) and newly developed approaches. The immunomodulatory mechanisms of representative genes involve complicated cell signaling pathways and metabolic activities. Wide application in curing multiple end-term diseases and replacing lifelong immunosuppressive therapy in multiple cell and organ transplantation models is demonstrated. Most significantly, practices of genetically modified organ transplantation have been conducted on brain-dead human decedent and even on living patients after a series of experiments on nonhuman primates. Nevertheless, uncertain biosecurity, nonspecific effects and overlooked personalization of current genetically modified immunomodulatory cell-based biomaterials are shortcomings that remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Mengdie Fu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Na Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lingfei Ren
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jin He
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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26
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Rouatbi N, McGlynn T, Al-Jamal KT. Pre-clinical non-viral vectors exploited for in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: an overview. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3410-3432. [PMID: 35604372 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats or CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a potent and versatile tool for efficient genome editing. This technology has been exploited for several applications including disease modelling, cell therapy, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases including cancer. The in vivo application of CRISPR/Cas9 is hindered by poor stability, pharmacokinetic profile, and the limited ability of the CRISPR payloads to cross biological barriers. Although viral vectors have been implemented as delivery tools for efficient in vivo gene editing, their application is associated with high immunogenicity and toxicity, limiting their clinical translation. Hence, there is a need to explore new delivery methods that can guarantee safe and efficient delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 components to target cells. In this review, we first provide a brief history and principles of nuclease-mediated gene editing, we then focus on the different CRISPR/Cas9 formats outlining their potentials and limitations. Finally, we discuss the alternative non-viral delivery strategies currently adopted for in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rouatbi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Tasneem McGlynn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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27
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Liu K, Cui JJ, Zhan Y, Ouyang QY, Lu QS, Yang DH, Li XP, Yin JY. Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment by genome editing for precision cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:98. [PMID: 35410257 PMCID: PMC8996591 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for immune escape by tumor cells. It plays essential roles in tumor development and metastasis. The clinical outcomes of tumors are often closely related to individual differences in the patient TME. Therefore, reprogramming TME cells and their intercellular communication is an attractive and promising strategy for cancer therapy. TME cells consist of immune and nonimmune cells. These cells need to be manipulated precisely and safely to improve cancer therapy. Furthermore, it is encouraging that this field has rapidly developed in recent years with the advent and development of gene editing technologies. In this review, we briefly introduce gene editing technologies and systematically summarize their applications in the TME for precision cancer therapy, including the reprogramming of TME cells and their intercellular communication. TME cell reprogramming can regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and function. Moreover, reprogramming the intercellular communication of TME cells can optimize immune infiltration and the specific recognition of tumor cells by immune cells. Thus, gene editing will pave the way for further breakthroughs in precision cancer therapy.
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28
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Shi J, Huang MW, Lu ZD, Du XJ, Shen S, Xu CF, Wang J. Delivery of mRNA for regulating functions of immune cells. J Control Release 2022; 345:494-511. [PMID: 35337940 PMCID: PMC8942439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal immune cell functions are commonly related to various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapy can regulate the functions of immune cells or assign new functions to immune cells, thereby generating therapeutic immune responses to treat these diseases. However, mRNA is unstable in physiological environments and can hardly enter the cytoplasm of target cells; thus, effective mRNA delivery systems are critical for developing mRNA therapy. The two mRNA vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have demonstrated that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can deliver mRNA into dendritic cells (DCs) to induce immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which opened the floodgates to the development of mRNA therapy. Apart from DCs, other immune cells are promising targets for mRNA therapy. This review summarized the barriers to mRNA delivery and advances in mRNA delivery for regulating the functions of different immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China
| | - Meng-Wen Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China
| | - Zi-Dong Lu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Du
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Song Shen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Cong-Fei Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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29
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Shin H, Kim J. Nanoparticle-based non-viral CRISPR delivery for enhanced immunotherapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1860-1870. [PMID: 35040444 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05999h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR Cas9 system has received considerable attention due to its simplicity, efficiency, and high precision for gene editing. The development of various therapeutic applications of the CRISPR system is under active research. In particular, its proven effects and promise in immunotherapy are of note. CRISPR/Cas9 components can be transported in various forms, such as plasmid DNA, mRNA of the Cas9 protein with gRNA, or a ribonucleoprotein complex. Even with its proven gene editing superiority, there are limitations in delivering the CRISPR system to target cells. CRISPR systems can be delivered via physical methods, viral vectors, or non-viral carriers. The development of diverse types of nanoparticles that could be used as non-viral carriers could overcome the disadvantages of physical techniques and viral vectors such as low cell viability, induction of immune response, limited loading capacity, and lack of targeting ability. Herein, we review the recent developments in applications of CRISPR system-mediated non-viral carriers in immunotherapy, depending on the targeting cell types, and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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30
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Tarab-Ravski D, Stotsky-Oterin L, Peer D. Delivery strategies of RNA therapeutics to leukocytes. J Control Release 2022; 342:362-371. [PMID: 35041904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing RNA-based therapeutics for cancer, inflammation, and viral diseases is hindered by poor delivery of therapeutic RNA molecules. Targeting leukocytes to treat these conditions holds great promise, as they are key participants in their initiation, drug response, and treatment. The various extra- and intra-cellular obstacles that impediment the clinical implementation of therapeutic RNA can be overcome by utilizing drug delivery systems. However, delivery of therapeutic RNA to leukocytes poses an even greater challenge as these cells are difficult to reach and transfect upon systemic administration. This review briefly describes the existing successful delivery strategies that efficiently target leukocytes in vivo and discuss their potential clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Tarab-Ravski
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Stotsky-Oterin
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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31
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Polymer nanotherapeutics to correct autoimmunity. J Control Release 2022; 343:152-174. [PMID: 34990701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system maintains homeostasis and protects the body from pathogens, mutated cells, and other harmful substances. When immune homeostasis is disrupted, excessive autoimmunity will lead to diseases. To inhibit the unexpected immune responses and reduce the impact of treatment on immunoprotective functions, polymer nanotherapeutics, such as nanomedicines, nanovaccines, and nanodecoys, were developed as part of an advanced strategy for precise immunomodulation. Nanomedicines transport cytotoxic drugs to target sites to reduce the occurrence of side effects and increase the stability and bioactivity of various immunomodulating agents, especially nucleic acids and cytokines. In addition, polymer nanomaterials carrying autoantigens used as nanovaccines can induce antigen-specific immune tolerance without interfering with protective immune responses. The precise immunomodulatory function of nanovaccines has broad prospects for the treatment of immune related-diseases. Besides, nanodecoys, which are designed to protect the body from various pathogenic substances by intravenous administration, are a simple and relatively noninvasive treatment. Herein, we have discussed and predicted the application of polymer nanotherapeutics in the correction of autoimmunity, including treating autoimmune diseases, controlling hypersensitivity, and avoiding transplant rejection.
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Lin Y, Wagner E, Lächelt U. Non-viral delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system: DNA versus RNA versus RNP. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1166-1192. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, the CRISPR/Cas technology has rapidly become an essential tool in modern biomedical research. The opportunities to specifically modify and correct genomic DNA has also raised big hope...
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Han X, Alu A, Liu H, Shi Y, Wei X, Cai L, Wei Y. Biomaterial-assisted biotherapy: A brief review of biomaterials used in drug delivery, vaccine development, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:29-48. [PMID: 35386442 PMCID: PMC8958282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotherapy has recently become a hotspot research topic with encouraging prospects in various fields due to a wide range of treatments applications, as demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the broad applications of biotherapy have been limited by critical challenges, including the lack of safe and efficient delivery systems and serious side effects. Due to the unique potentials of biomaterials, such as good biocompatibility and bioactive properties, biomaterial-assisted biotherapy has been demonstrated to be an attractive strategy. The biomaterial-based delivery systems possess sufficient packaging capacity and versatile functions, enabling a sustained and localized release of drugs at the target sites. Furthermore, the biomaterials can provide a niche with specific extracellular conditions for the proliferation, differentiation, attachment, and migration of stem cells, leading to tissue regeneration. In this review, the state-of-the-art studies on the applications of biomaterials in biotherapy, including drug delivery, vaccine development, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy, have been summarized. The challenges and an outlook of biomaterial-assisted biotherapies have also been discussed. Biomaterials possess unique advantages to improve the efficacy and safety of biotherapy. Various types of biomaterials can be used in a wide range of biotherapy. The functions of biomaterials can be tuned by changing their inherent properties or the surrounding environment.
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Piperno A, Sciortino MT, Giusto E, Montesi M, Panseri S, Scala A. Recent Advances and Challenges in Gene Delivery Mediated by Polyester-Based Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5981-6002. [PMID: 34511901 PMCID: PMC8418317 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of several diseases, such as chronic or viral infections, inherited disorders, and cancer. The cellular internalization of exogenous nucleic acids (NA) requires efficient delivery vehicles to overcome their inherent pharmacokinetic drawbacks, e.g. electrostatic repulsions, enzymatic degradation, limited cellular uptake, fast clearance, etc. Nanotechnological advancements have enabled the use of polymer-based nanostructured biomaterials as safe and effective gene delivery systems, in addition to viral vector delivery methods. Among the plethora of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), this review will provide a comprehensive and in-depth summary of the polyester-based nanovehicles, including poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polylactic acid (PLA) NPs, used to deliver a variety of foreign NA, e.g. short interfering RNA (siRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and plasmid DNA (pDNA). The article will review the versatility of polyester-based nanocarriers including their recent application in the delivery of the clustered, regularly-interspaced, short palindromic repeats/Cas (CRISPR/Cas) genome editing system for treating gene-related diseases. The remaining challenges and future trend of the targeted delivery of this revolutionary genome-editing system will be discussed. Special attention will be given to the pivotal role of nanotechnology in tackling emerging infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): ground-breaking mRNA vaccines delivered by NPs are currently used worldwide to fight the pandemic, pushing the boundaries of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elena Giusto
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Hou X, Zaks T, Langer R, Dong Y. Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 6:1078-1094. [PMID: 34394960 PMCID: PMC8353930 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1095] [Impact Index Per Article: 365.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a new category of therapeutic agent to prevent and treat various diseases. To function in vivo, mRNA requires safe, effective and stable delivery systems that protect the nucleic acid from degradation and that allow cellular uptake and mRNA release. Lipid nanoparticles have successfully entered the clinic for the delivery of mRNA; in particular, lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines are now in clinical use against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which marks a milestone for mRNA therapeutics. In this Review, we discuss the design of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery and examine physiological barriers and possible administration routes for lipid nanoparticle-mRNA systems. We then consider key points for the clinical translation of lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations, including good manufacturing practice, stability, storage and safety, and highlight preclinical and clinical studies of lipid nanoparticle-mRNA therapeutics for infectious diseases, cancer and genetic disorders. Finally, we give an outlook to future possibilities and remaining challenges for this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Tal Zaks
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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Behr M, Zhou J, Xu B, Zhang H. In vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 therapeutics: Progress and challenges. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2150-2171. [PMID: 34522582 PMCID: PMC8424283 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within less than a decade since its inception, CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing has been rapidly advanced to human clinical trials in multiple disease areas. Although it is highly anticipated that this revolutionary technology will bring novel therapeutic modalities to many diseases by precisely manipulating cellular DNA sequences, the low efficiency of in vivo delivery must be enhanced before its therapeutic potential can be fully realized. Here we discuss the most recent progress of in vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 systems, highlight innovative viral and non-viral delivery technologies, emphasize outstanding delivery challenges, and provide the most updated perspectives.
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Stephan MT. Empowering patients from within: Emerging nanomedicines for in vivo immune cell reprogramming. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101537. [PMID: 34844835 PMCID: PMC8792224 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, medicine lacks the ability to reprogram selected immune cells so they possess all the functions which, from a clinical standpoint, physicians might wish them to have. To solve this problem, scientists have been marrying concepts from materials science, immunology, and genetic engineering to develop novel nanotherapeutics that directly genetically reprogram immune cells inside the body. These products could address key limitations of existing ex vivo-engineered cell immunotherapies and substantially enhance patient access and outcomes. This review highlights the latest advances in this rapidly emerging biotech field and discusses challenges in translating these preclinical studies into successful clinical nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T Stephan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA.
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Li C, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Feng J, Zhang X. Artificial Engineering of Immune Cells for Improved Immunotherapy. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
| | - Yongdan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
| | - Yingge Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
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Emerson AE, Slaby EM, Hiremath SC, Weaver JD. Biomaterial-based approaches to engineering immune tolerance. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:7014-7032. [PMID: 33179649 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of biomaterial-based therapeutics to induce immune tolerance holds great promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergy, and graft rejection in transplantation. Historical approaches to treat these immunological challenges have primarily relied on systemic delivery of broadly-acting immunosuppressive agents that confer undesirable, off-target effects. The evolution and expansion of biomaterial platforms has proven to be a powerful tool in engineering immunotherapeutics and enabled a great diversity of novel and targeted approaches in engineering immune tolerance, with the potential to eliminate side effects associated with systemic, non-specific immunosuppressive approaches. In this review, we summarize the technological advances within three broad biomaterials-based strategies to engineering immune tolerance: nonspecific tolerogenic agent delivery, antigen-specific tolerogenic therapy, and the emergent area of tolerogenic cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Emerson
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Akbaba H, Erel-Akbaba G, Senturk S. Special Focus Issue Part II: Recruitment of solid lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9: primary evaluation of anticancer gene editing. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:963-978. [PMID: 33970666 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a promising gene-editing tool for various anticancer therapies; however, development of a biocompatible, nonviral and efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 expression systems remains a challenge. Materials & methods: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were produced based on pseudo and 3D ternary plots. Obtained SLNs and their complexes with PX458 plasmid DNA were characterized and evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency. Results: SLNs were found to be nanosized, monodispersed, stable and nontoxic. Furthermore, they revealed similar transfection efficiency as the positive control. Conclusion: Overall, we have achieved a good SLN basis for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and have the potential to produce SLNs with targeted anticancer properties by modifying production parameters and components to facilitate translating CRISPR/Cas9 into preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Akbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Erel-Akbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, 35620, Turkey
| | - Serif Senturk
- Izmir Biomedicine & Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Turkey.,Genome Sciences & Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine & Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35340, Turkey
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Tang H, Zhao X, Jiang X. Synthetic multi-layer nanoparticles for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:55-78. [PMID: 32147450 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) has great potential to revolutionize biomedical research and disease therapy. The specific and efficient genome editing strongly depends on high efficiency of delivery of the CRISPR payloads. However, optimization of CRISPR delivery vehicles still remains a major obstacle. Recently, various non-viral vectors have been utilized to deliver CRISPR tools. Many of these vectors have multi-layer structures assembled. In this review, we will introduce the development of CRISPR-Cas9 systems and their general therapeutic applications by summarizing current CRISPR-Cas9 based clinical trials. We will highlight the multi-layer nanoparticles (NPs) that have been developed to deliver CRISPR cargos in vitro and in vivo for various purposes, as well the potential building blocks of multi-layer NPs. We will also discuss the challenges in making the CRISPR tools into viable pharmaceutical products and provide potential solutions on efficiency and biosafety issues.
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42
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Xu CF, Chen GJ, Luo YL, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Lu ZD, Czarna A, Gu Z, Wang J. Rational designs of in vivo CRISPR-Cas delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:3-29. [PMID: 31759123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas system initiated a revolution in genome editing when it was, for the first time, demonstrated success in the mammalian cells. Today, scientists are able to readily edit genomes, regulate gene transcription, engineer posttranscriptional events, and image nucleic acids using CRISPR-Cas-based tools. However, to efficiently transport CRISPR-Cas into target tissues/cells remains challenging due to many extra- and intra-cellular barriers, therefore largely limiting the applications of CRISPR-based therapeutics in vivo. In this review, we summarize the features of plasmid-, RNA- and ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based CRISPR-Cas therapeutics. Then, we survey the current in vivo delivery systems. We specify the requirements for efficient in vivo delivery in clinical settings, and highlight both efficiency and safety for different CRISPR-Cas tools.
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Mitchell MJ, Billingsley MM, Haley RM, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA, Langer R. Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 20:101-124. [PMID: 33277608 PMCID: PMC7717100 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2494] [Impact Index Per Article: 623.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of nanoparticles has expanded into a broad range of clinical applications. Nanoparticles have been developed to overcome the limitations of free therapeutics and navigate biological barriers — systemic, microenvironmental and cellular — that are heterogeneous across patient populations and diseases. Overcoming this patient heterogeneity has also been accomplished through precision therapeutics, in which personalized interventions have enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, nanoparticle development continues to focus on optimizing delivery platforms with a one-size-fits-all solution. As lipid-based, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles are engineered in increasingly specified ways, they can begin to be optimized for drug delivery in a more personalized manner, entering the era of precision medicine. In this Review, we discuss advanced nanoparticle designs utilized in both non-personalized and precision applications that could be applied to improve precision therapies. We focus on advances in nanoparticle design that overcome heterogeneous barriers to delivery, arguing that intelligent nanoparticle design can improve efficacy in general delivery applications while enabling tailored designs for precision applications, thereby ultimately improving patient outcome overall. Advances in nanoparticle design could make substantial contributions to personalized and non-personalized medicine. In this Review, Langer, Mitchell, Peppas and colleagues discuss advances in nanoparticle design that overcome heterogeneous barriers to delivery, as well as the challenges in translating these design improvements into personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Rebecca M Haley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marissa E Wechsler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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44
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Zhao L, Luo Y, Huang Q, Cao Z, Yang X. Photo-Enhanced CRISPR/Cas9 System Enables Robust PD-L1 Gene Disruption in Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem-Like Cells for Efficient Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004879. [PMID: 33289336 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Blocking immune checkpoint pathways with an antibody or small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a promising method to reactivate antitumor responses for cancer treatment. However, both blockade strategies achieve only temporary inhibition of these immune checkpoints. Herein, a photoswitched CRISPR/Cas9 system for genomic disruption of the PD-L1 gene is developed to achieve permanent blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway; this system is constructed by using a photoactivated self-degradable polyethyleneimine derivative and the plasmid pX330/sgPD-L1 (expression of the Cas9 protein and single-guide RNA targeting PD-L1). Under light irradiation, this photoswitched CRISPR/Cas9 system efficiently genetically disrupts the PD-L1 gene in not only bulk cancer cells but also cancer stem-like cells. As a result, the photoswitched CRISPR/Cas9 system significantly increases the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumor tissue, leading to effective activation of a T cell-mediated antitumor response against cancer cells and cancer stem-like cells. This study provides an alternative strategy to block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for efficacious immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yingli Luo
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyi Huang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Cao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhu Yang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, P. R. China
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Kuscu C, Kuscu C, Bajwa A, Eason JD, Maluf D, Mas VR. Applications of CRISPR technologies in transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:3285-3293. [PMID: 32484284 PMCID: PMC8109183 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In transplantation, the ever-increasing number of an organ's demand and long-term graft dysfunction constitute some of the major problems. Therefore, alternative solutions to increase the quantity and quality of the organ supply for transplantation are desired. On this subject, revolutionary Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology holds enormous potential for the scientific community with its expanding toolbox. In this minireview, we summarize the history and mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9 systems and explore its potential applications in cellular- and organ-level transplantation. The last part of this review includes future opportunities as well as the challenges in the transplantation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Kuscu
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Canan Kuscu
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - James D. Eason
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Daniel Maluf
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Valeria R. Mas
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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46
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Zhao YD, Muhetaerjiang M, An HW, Fang X, Zhao Y, Wang H. Nanomedicine enables spatiotemporally regulating macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120552. [PMID: 33307365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, leveraging the host's coordinated immune system to fight against tumor has been clinically validated. However, the modest response owing to the multiple ways of tumor immune evasion is one of the challenges in cancer immunotherapy. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), as a major component of the leukocytes infiltrating in all tumors, play crucial roles in driving cancer initiation, progress and metastasis via multiple mechanisms such as mediating chronic inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, taming protective immune responses, and supporting migration and intravasation. TAMs targeted therapeutics have achieved remarkable successes in clinical trials mostly through the use of small-molecule agents and antibodies. However, efforts for further application have met with challenges of limited efficacy and safety. Nanomaterials can provide versatile approaches to realize the superior spatiotemporal control over immunomodulation to amplify immune responses, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic benefits and reducing toxicity. Here, the potential drugs used in TAM-centered cancer treatment in clinic are summarized and the recent advances of TAMs targeted nanomedicines in this filed are highlighted. More importantly, we focus on how nanomedicine can exert their advantages in spatial and temporal control of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Dan Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, 030009, PR China
| | - Mamuti Muhetaerjiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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47
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Luo YL, Liang LF, Gan YJ, Liu J, Zhang Y, Fan YN, Zhao G, Czarna A, Lu ZD, Du XJ, Shen S, Xu CF, Lian ZX, Wang J. An All-in-One Nanomedicine Consisting of CRISPR-Cas9 and an Autoantigen Peptide for Restoring Specific Immune Tolerance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48259-48271. [PMID: 33070614 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has shown great promise in treating diverse diseases. However, developing nanomedicines that can cure autoimmune diseases without causing systemic immunosuppression is still quite challenging. Herein, we propose an all-in-one nanomedicine comprising an autoantigen peptide and CRISPR-Cas9 to restore specific immune tolerance by engineering dendritic cells (DCs) into a tolerogenic phenotype, which can expand autoantigen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. In brief, we utilized cationic lipid-assisted poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles to simultaneously encapsulate an autoimmune diabetes-relevant peptide (2.5mi), a CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid (pCas9), and three guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, and CD40). We demonstrated that the all-in-one nanomedicine was able to effectively codeliver these components into DCs, followed by simultaneous disruption of the three costimulatory molecules and presentation of the 2.5mi peptide on the genome-edited DCs. The resulting tolerogenic DCs triggered the generation and expansion of autoantigen-specific Treg cells by presenting the 2.5mi peptide to CD4+ T cells in the absence of costimulatory signals. Using autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) as a typical disease model, we demonstrated that our nanomedicine prevented autoimmunity to islet components and inhibited T1D development. Our all-in-one nanomedicine achieved codelivery of CRISPR-Cas9 and the peptide to DCs and could be easily applied to other autoimmune diseases by substitution of different autoantigen peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Luo
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li-Fang Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jiu Gan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Fan
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gui Zhao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Anna Czarna
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Dong Lu
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Du
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Song Shen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cong-Fei Xu
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
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48
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Feng R, Yu F, Xu J, Hu X. Knowledge gaps in immune response and immunotherapy involving nanomaterials: Databases and artificial intelligence for material design. Biomaterials 2020; 266:120469. [PMID: 33120200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the interactions between the immune system and nanomaterials (NMs) is critical for designing effective and safe NMs, but large knowledge gaps remain to be filled prior to clinical applications (e.g., immunotherapy). The lack of databases on interactions between the immune system and NMs affects the discovery of new NMs for immunotherapy. Complement activation and inhibition by NMs have been widely studied, but the general rules remain unclear. Biomimetic nanocoating to promote the clearance of NMs by the immune system is an alternative strategy for the immune response mediation of the biological corona. Immune response predictions based on NM properties can facilitate the design of NMs for immunotherapy, and artificial intelligences deserve much attention in the field. This review addresses the knowledge gaps regarding immune response and immunotherapy in relation to NMs, effective immunotherapy and material design without adverse immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fubo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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49
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Que W, Guo WZ, Li XK. Manipulation of Regulatory Dendritic Cells for Induction Transplantation Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582658. [PMID: 33162996 PMCID: PMC7591396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current organ transplantation therapy is life-saving but accompanied by well-recognized side effects due to post-transplantation systematic immunosuppressive treatment. Dendritic cells (DCs) are central instigators and regulators of transplantation immunity and are responsible for balancing allograft rejection and tolerance. They are derived from monocyte-macrophage DC progenitors originating in the bone marrow and are classified into different subsets based on their developmental, phenotypical, and functional criteria. Functionally, DCs instigate allograft immunity by presenting donor antigens to alloreactive T cells via direct, indirect, and semidirect recognition pathways and provide essential signaling for alloreactive T cell activation via costimulatory molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Regulatory DCs (DCregs) are characterized by a relatively low expression of major histocompatibility complex, costimulatory molecules, and altered cytokine production and exert their regulatory function through T cell anergy, T cell deletion, and regulatory T cell induction. In rodent transplantation studies, DCreg-based therapy, by in situ targeting or infusion of ex vivo generated DCregs, exhibits promising potential as a natural, well-tolerated, organ-specific therapeutic strategy for promoting lasting organ-specific transplantation tolerance. Recent early-phase studies of DCregs have begun to examine the safety and efficacy of DCreg-induced allograft tolerance in living-donor renal or liver transplantations. The present review summarizes the basic characteristics, function, and translation of DCregs in transplantation tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Pavlovic K, Tristán-Manzano M, Maldonado-Pérez N, Cortijo-Gutierrez M, Sánchez-Hernández S, Justicia-Lirio P, Carmona MD, Herrera C, Martin F, Benabdellah K. Using Gene Editing Approaches to Fine-Tune the Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570672. [PMID: 33117361 PMCID: PMC7553077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing technologies not only provide unprecedented opportunities to study basic cellular system functionality but also improve the outcomes of several clinical applications. In this review, we analyze various gene editing techniques used to fine-tune immune systems from a basic research and clinical perspective. We discuss recent advances in the development of programmable nucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas-associated nucleases. We also discuss the use of programmable nucleases and their derivative reagents such as base editing tools to engineer immune cells via gene disruption, insertion, and rewriting of T cells and other immune components, such natural killers (NKs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition, with regard to chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), we describe how different gene editing tools enable healthy donor cells to be used in CAR T therapy instead of autologous cells without risking graft-versus-host disease or rejection, leading to reduced adoptive cell therapy costs and instant treatment availability for patients. We pay particular attention to the delivery of therapeutic transgenes, such as CARs, to endogenous loci which prevents collateral damage and increases therapeutic effectiveness. Finally, we review creative innovations, including immune system repurposing, that facilitate safe and efficient genome surgery within the framework of clinical cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pavlovic
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain.,Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Tristán-Manzano
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Noelia Maldonado-Pérez
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Cortijo-Gutierrez
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Sabina Sánchez-Hernández
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Justicia-Lirio
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain.,LentiStem Biotech, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - M Dolores Carmona
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Concha Herrera
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Hematology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
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