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Ghaffari MK, Rafati A, Karbalaei N, Haghani M, Nemati M, Sefati N, Namavar MR. The effect of intra-nasal co-treatment with insulin and growth factor-rich serum on behavioral defects, hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative stress, and histological changes induced by icv-STZ in a rat model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4833-4849. [PMID: 38157024 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Impaired insulin and growth factor functions are thought to drive many alterations in neurodegenerative diseases like dementia and seem to contribute to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Recent studies revealed that nasal growth factor therapy could induce neuronal and oligodendroglia protection in rodent brain damage induction models. Impairment of several growth factors signaling was reported in neurodegenerative diseases. So, in the present study, we examined the effects of intranasal co-treatment of insulin and a pool of growth factor-rich serum (GFRS) which separated from activated platelets on memory, and behavioral defects induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ) rat model also investigated changes in the hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative state and histology. We found that icv-STZ injection (3 mg/kg bilaterally) impairs spatial learning and memory in Morris Water Maze, leads to anxiogenic-like behavior in the open field arena, and induces oxidative-nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal/oligodendroglia death in the hippocampus. GFRS (1µl/kg, each other day, 9 doses) and regular insulin (4 U/40 µl, daily, 18 doses) treatments improved learning, memory, and anxiogenic behaviors. The present study showed that co-treatment (GFRS + insulin with respective dose) has more robust protection against hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal/oligodendroglia survival in comparison with the single therapy. Memory and behavioral improvements in the co-treatment of insulin and GFRS could be attributed to their effects on neuronal/oligodendroglia survival and reduction of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Khorsand Ghaffari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Rafati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nemati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sefati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Bryant EM, Richardson R, Graham BM. The relationship between salivary Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and cortisol reactivity and psychological outcomes prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 13:100606. [PMID: 37304226 PMCID: PMC10246939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is a biomarker that is associated with depression, anxiety and stress in rodents. In humans, we have previously demonstrated that salivary FGF2 increased following stress in a similar pattern to cortisol, and FGF2 (but not cortisol) reactivity predicted repetitive negative thinking, a transdiagnostic risk factor for mental illness. The current study assessed the relationship between FGF2, cortisol, and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We employed a longitudinal correlational design using a convenience sample. We assessed whether FGF2 and cortisol reactivity following the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) were associated with DASS-21 depression, anxiety and stress, measured at the time of the TSST in 2019-20 (n = 87; time 1), and then again in May 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19 in Sydney (n = 34 of the original sample; time 2). Results FGF2 reactivity (but not absolute FGF2 levels) at time 1 predicted depression, anxiety, and stress across timepoints. Cortisol reactivity at time 1 was associated with stress over timepoints, and absolute cortisol levels were associated with depression across timepoints. Limitations The sample was comprised of mostly healthy participants from a student population, and there was high attrition between timepoints. The outcomes need to be replicated in larger, more diverse, samples. Conclusions FGF2 and cortisol may be uniquely predictive of mental health outcomes in healthy samples, potentially allowing for early identification of at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Bryant
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rick Richardson
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bronwyn M Graham
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Koshko L, Scofield S, Debarba L, Stilgenbauer L, Fakhoury P, Jayarathne H, Perez-Mojica JE, Griggs E, Lempradl A, Sadagurski M. Prenatal benzene exposure in mice alters offspring hypothalamic development predisposing to metabolic disease in later life. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138738. [PMID: 37084897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to environmental contaminants during pregnancy poses a significant threat to a developing fetus, as these substances can easily cross the placenta and disrupt the neurodevelopment of offspring. Specifically, the hypothalamus is essential in the regulation of metabolism, notably during critical windows of development. An abnormal hormonal and inflammatory milieu during development can trigger persistent changes in the function of hypothalamic circuits, leading to long-lasting effects on the body's energy homeostasis and metabolism. We recently demonstrated that gestational exposure to clinically relevant levels of benzene induces severe metabolic dysregulation in the offspring. Given the central role of the hypothalamus in metabolic control, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to benzene impacts hypothalamic development, contributing to the adverse metabolic effects in the offspring. C57BL/6JB dams were exposed to benzene at 50 ppm in the inhalation chambers exclusively during pregnancy (from E0.5 to E19). Transcriptomic analysis of the exposed offspring at postnatal day 21 (P21) revealed hypothalamic changes in genes related to metabolic regulation, inflammation, and neurodevelopment exclusively in males. Moreover, the hypothalamus of prenatally benzene-exposed male offspring displayed alterations in orexigenic and anorexigenic projections, impairments in leptin signaling, and increased microgliosis. Additional exposure to benzene during lactation did not promote further microgliosis or astrogliosis in the offspring, while the high-fat diet (HFD) challenge in adulthood exacerbated glucose metabolism and hypothalamic inflammation in benzene-exposed offspring of both sexes. These findings reveal the persistent adverse effects of prenatal benzene exposure on hypothalamic circuits and neuroinflammation, predisposing the offspring to long-lasting metabolic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Koshko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sydney Scofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lucas Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lukas Stilgenbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patrick Fakhoury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hashan Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ellen Griggs
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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4
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Lebowitz ER, Marin CE, Orbach M, Salmaso N, Vaccarino FM, Silverman WK. Maternal FGF2 levels associated with child anxiety and depression symptoms through child FGF2 levels. J Affect Disord 2023; 326:193-197. [PMID: 36717031 PMCID: PMC10104478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research implicates fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in anxiety and depressive symptoms of childhood. This study is the first to examine an intergenerational pathway linking FGF2 levels in mothers to FGF2 levels in children, and to the children's anxiety and depressive symptoms. METHODS We assayed serum FGF2 in 259 mothers and their children, with a range of anxiety and depressive symptoms: 194 were mothers of clinic-referred anxious and depressed children; 65 were mothers of non-referred children. We examined associations between FGF2 levels in mothers and children, and anxiety and depression symptoms. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine associations between maternal and child FGF2 levels, and between maternal and child FGF2 levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression in and children. RESULTS FGF2 levels in mothers and children were significantly positively correlated. Children's FGF2 levels were significantly negatively correlated with their ratings of anxiety and depression. Results of the SEM model showed that increases in maternal FGF2 levels were significantly associated with increases in child FGF2, which in turn was associated with decreases in child anxiety and child depression, controlling for maternal anxiety and depression. LIMITATIONS We relied on self-reported ratings of anxiety and depression, and on a single measurement of FGF2 levels for each participant. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to a role for FGF2 in the intergenerational transmission of risk for, and resilience to, anxiety and depression in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli R Lebowitz
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Carla E Marin
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Meital Orbach
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Flora M Vaccarino
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Neurodevelopment and Regeneration, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wendy K Silverman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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5
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Stevens HE, Scuderi S, Collica SC, Tomasi S, Horvath TL, Vaccarino FM. Neonatal loss of FGFR2 in astroglial cells affects locomotion, sociability, working memory, and glia-neuron interactions in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:89. [PMID: 36906620 PMCID: PMC10008554 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is almost exclusively expressed in glial cells in postnatal mouse brain, but its impact in glia for brain behavioral functioning is poorly understood. We compared behavioral effects from FGFR2 loss in both neurons and astroglial cells and from FGFR2 loss in astroglial cells by using either the pluripotent progenitor-driven hGFAP-cre or the tamoxifen-inducible astrocyte-driven GFAP-creERT2 in Fgfr2 floxed mice. When FGFR2 was eliminated in embryonic pluripotent precursors or in early postnatal astroglia, mice were hyperactive, and had small changes in working memory, sociability, and anxiety-like behavior. In contrast, FGFR2 loss in astrocytes starting at 8 weeks of age resulted only in reduced anxiety-like behavior. Therefore, early postnatal loss of FGFR2 in astroglia is critical for broad behavioral dysregulation. Neurobiological assessments demonstrated that astrocyte-neuron membrane contact was reduced and glial glutamine synthetase expression increased only by early postnatal FGFR2 loss. We conclude that altered astroglial cell function dependent on FGFR2 in the early postnatal period may result in impaired synaptic development and behavioral regulation, modeling childhood behavioral deficits like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E Stevens
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
| | - Soraya Scuderi
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sarah C Collica
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Simone Tomasi
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Flora M Vaccarino
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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6
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Koshko L, Scofield S, Debarba L, Stilgenbauer L, Sacla M, Fakhoury P, Jayarathne H, Perez-Mojica JE, Griggs E, Lempradl A, Sadagurski M. Prenatal benzene exposure alters offspring hypothalamic development predisposing to metabolic disease in later life. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.05.522910. [PMID: 36711607 PMCID: PMC9881982 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is essential in the regulation of metabolism, notably during critical windows of development. An abnormal hormonal and inflammatory milieu during development can trigger persistent changes in the function of hypothalamic circuits, leading to long-lasting effects on the body’s energy homeostasis and metabolism. We recently demonstrated that gestational exposure to benzene at smoking levels induces severe metabolic dysregulation in the offspring. Given the central role of the hypothalamus in metabolic control, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to benzene impacts hypothalamic development, contributing to the adverse metabolic effects in the offspring. C57BL/6JB dams were exposed to benzene in the inhalation chambers exclusively during pregnancy (from E0.5 to E19). The transcriptome analysis of the offspring hypothalamus at postnatal day 21 (P21) revealed changes in genes related to metabolic regulation, inflammation, and neurodevelopment exclusively in benzene-exposed male offspring. Moreover, the hypothalamus of prenatally benzene-exposed male offspring displayed alterations in orexigenic and anorexigenic projections, impairments in leptin signaling, and increased microgliosis. Additional exposure to benzene during lactation did not promote further microgliosis or astrogliosis in the offspring, while the high-fat diet (HFD) challenge in adulthood exacerbated glucose metabolism and hypothalamic inflammation in benzene-exposed offspring of both sexes. These findings reveal the persistent impact of prenatal benzene exposure on hypothalamic circuits and neuroinflammation, predisposing the offspring to long-lasting metabolic health conditions.
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7
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Chen X, Yao T, Cai J, Fu X, Li H, Wu J. Systemic inflammatory regulators and 7 major psychiatric disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110534. [PMID: 35150783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation has been thought to play a considerable part in psychiatric disorders. However, the causal relationships between systemic inflammation and psychiatric disorders and the directions of the causal effects remain elusive and need further investigation. By leveraging the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies, the standard inverse variance weighted method was applied to assess the causal associations among 41 systemic inflammatory regulators and 7 major psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anorexia nervosa (AN), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BIP), major depression disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia (SCZ), within a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Additionally, the weighted median test and the Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test were conducted for sensitivity analyses. The results suggested a total of 15 unique systemic inflammatory regulators might be causally associated with disease risk, including 2 for ADHD, 4 for AN, 2 for ASD, 2 for MDD, 2 for OCD, and 5 for SCZ. Among them, the genetically predicted concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor was significantly related to AN at the Bonferroni-corrected threshold (Odds ratio = 0.403, 95% confidence interval = (0.261, 0.622), P = 4.03 × 10-5). Furthermore, the concentrations of 9 systemic inflammatory regulators might be influenced by neuropsychiatric disorders, including 2 by ADHD, 2 by BIP, 3 by MDD, and 2 by SCZ, and the causal effects of ASD, AN, and OCD need to be further assessed when more significant genetic variants are identified in the future. Overall, this study provides additional insights into the relationships between systemic inflammation and psychiatric disorders and may provide new clues regarding the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinliang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xihang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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8
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Jeong M, Bojkovic K, Sagi V, Stankovic KM. Molecular and Clinical Significance of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Development and Regeneration of the Auditory System. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:757441. [PMID: 35002617 PMCID: PMC8733209 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.757441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a member of the FGF family which is involved in key biological processes including development, cellular proliferation, wound healing, and angiogenesis. Although the utility of the FGF family as therapeutic agents has attracted attention, and FGF2 has been studied in several clinical contexts, there remains an incomplete understanding of the molecular and clinical function of FGF2 in the auditory system. In this review, we highlight the role of FGF2 in inner ear development and hearing protection and present relevant clinical studies for tympanic membrane (TM) repair. We conclude by discussing the future implications of FGF2 as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Jeong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katarina Bojkovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Varun Sagi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Bryant EM, Richardson R, Graham BM. The Association Between Salivary FGF2 and Physiological and Psychological Components of the Human Stress Response. CHRONIC STRESS 2022; 6:24705470221114787. [PMID: 35874911 PMCID: PMC9297468 DOI: 10.1177/24705470221114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is a neurotrophic protein that has been implicated as a biomarker for anxiety and depressive disorders, which comprise a significant component of the global burden of disease. Research using rodents has indicated that FGF2 is part of the stress response, but whether this translates to humans has yet to be investigated. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential role of FGF2 in the human stress response by examining its association with physiological and psychological processes during and following the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Methods Participants in the active stress experiment (N = 87) underwent the TSST, provided saliva samples to obtain levels of cortisol and FGF2, and reported on post-event rumination related to the TSST task over the following week. Participants in the no-stress experiment (N = 25) provided saliva samples for measurement of FGF2 and cortisol across a corresponding time period. Results Salivary FGF2 levels changed after the TSST and were associated with the pattern of change in salivary cortisol. Cortisol responses in the active stress condition were blunted in females (relative to males), however, sex did not interact with any other effect. FGF2 reactivity (ie, the magnitude of change over time) was not correlated with cortisol reactivity. Lower FGF2 reactivity following the TSST, but not overall FGF2 levels, or cortisol, was associated with higher fear of negative evaluation, repetitive negative thinking and post-event processing, as well as repetitive negative thinking in the week following the TSST. Participants in the no-stress experiment showed a decrease in cortisol, yet no change in their FGF2 levels. Conclusion These findings suggest that FGF2 is involved in the human stress response and higher levels of FGF2 reactivity may be associated with protective cognitive processes following stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Bryant
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rick Richardson
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bronwyn M. Graham
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Li LD, Naveed M, Du ZW, Ding H, Gu K, Wei LL, Zhou YP, Meng F, Wang C, Han F, Zhou QG, Zhang J. Abnormal expression profile of plasma-derived exosomal microRNAs in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:55. [PMID: 34419170 PMCID: PMC8379796 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether microRNAs (miRNAs) from plasma exosomes might be dysregulated in patients with depression, especially treatment-resistant depression (TRD), remains unclear, based on study of which novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets could be discovered. To this end, a small sample study was performed by isolation of plasma exosomes from patients with TRD diagnosed by Hamilton scale. In this study, 4 peripheral plasma samples from patients with TRD and 4 healthy controls were collected for extraction of plasma exosomes. Exosomal miRNAs were analyzed by miRNA sequencing, followed by image collection, expression difference analysis, target gene GO enrichment analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Compared with the healthy controls, 2 miRNAs in the plasma exosomes of patients with TRD showed significant differences in expression, among which has-miR-335-5p were significantly upregulated and has-miR-1292-3p were significantly downregulated. Go and KEGG analysis showed that dysregulated miRNAs affect postsynaptic density and axonogenesis as well as the signaling pathway of axon formation and cell growths. The identification of these miRNAs and their target genes may provide novel biomarkers for improving diagnosis accuracy and treatment effectiveness of TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Di Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Wei Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Gu
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211167, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211167, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Exposure to 2.45 GHz Radiation Triggers Changes in HSP-70, Glucocorticoid Receptors and GFAP Biomarkers in Rat Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105103. [PMID: 34065959 PMCID: PMC8151023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tissue may be especially sensitive to electromagnetic phenomena provoking signs of neural stress in cerebral activity. Fifty-four adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent ELISA and immunohistochemistry testing of four relevant anatomical areas of the cerebrum to measure biomarkers indicating induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), glucocorticoid receptors (GCR) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after single or repeated exposure to 2.45 GHz radiation in the experimental set-up. Neither radiation regime caused tissue heating, so thermal effects can be ruled out. A progressive decrease in GCR and HSP-70 was observed after acute or repeated irradiation in the somatosensory cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus. In the limbic cortex; however, values for both biomarkers were significantly higher after repeated exposure to irradiation when compared to control animals. GFAP values in brain tissue after irradiation were not significantly different or were even lower than those of nonirradiated animals in all brain regions studied. Our results suggest that repeated exposure to 2.45 GHz elicited GCR/HSP-70 dysregulation in the brain, triggering a state of stress that could decrease tissue anti-inflammatory action without favoring glial proliferation and make the nervous system more vulnerable.
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12
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Lebowitz ER, Orbach M, Marin CE, Salmaso N, Vaccarino FM, Silverman WK. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Implicated in Childhood Anxiety and Depression Symptoms. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:611-616. [PMID: 33445083 PMCID: PMC7897422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research links fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to anxiety and depression in rodents and human adults. Our study is the first to examine FGF2 levels in a pediatric population. METHODS We assayed serum FGF2 in 163 children with a broad range of anxiety and depressive symptoms; 111 were clinic-referred anxious and depressed children; 52 were non-referred children. We examined associations between FGF2 and anxiety and depression symptoms, and between each of the three facets of behavioral activation (Reward-Responsiveness, Drive, Fun-Seeking) and behavioral avoidance. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to determine the relative contribution of anxiety and depression indicators and of FGF2 to a latent variable of Anxiety/Depression. We also examined stability of FGF2 levels. RESULTS FGF2 levels in clinic-referred children were significantly lower compared with non-referred children. Bivariate correlations and CFA showed negative associations between FGF2 and anxiety, depression and behavioral avoidance. FGF2 levels were positively correlated with the Reward-Responsiveness facet of behavioral activation, implicated in depression. FGF2 levels were stable over six months. LIMITATIONS We did not have data on behavioral avoidance and stability of FGF2 in the entire sample. CONCLUSIONS Our results implicate FGF2 in anxiety and depression in children, providing an important first step in showing FGF2 may serve as a stable biomarker for these prevalent and impairing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli R. Lebowitz
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Meital Orbach
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Carla E. Marin
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Flora M. Vaccarino
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Program in Neurodevelopment and Regeneration, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Wendy K. Silverman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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13
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Gao L, Gao T, Zeng T, Huang P, Wong NK, Dong Z, Li Y, Deng G, Wu Z, Lv Z. Blockade of Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 ameliorates hippocampal neurogenesis and BOLD-fMRI signals in chronic stress precipitated depression. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5875-5891. [PMID: 33591947 PMCID: PMC7950278 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression, though its molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. We investigated the molecular mechanism of IDO1 in depression by using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model in Ido1-/- mice and WT mice. The brain blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals in mice were collected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology. IDO1 inhibitor INCB024360 was intervened in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) through stereotactic injection. We found an elevation of serum IDO1 activity and decreased 5-HT in CUMS mice, and the serum IDO1 activity was negatively correlated with 5-HT level. Consistently, IDO1 was increased in hippocampus and DRN regions, accompanied by a reduction of hippocampal BDNF levels in mice with CUMS. Specifically, pharmacological inhibition of IDO1 activity in the DRN alleviated depressive-like behaviour with improving hippocampal BDNF expression and neurogenesis in CUMS mice. Furthermore, ablation of Ido1 exerted stress resistance and decreased the sensitivity of depression in CUMS mice with the stable BOLD signals, BDNF expression and neurogenesis in hippocampus. Thus, IDO1 hyperactivity played crucial roles in modulating 5-HT metabolism and BDNF function thereby impacting outcomes of hippocampal neurogenesis and BOLD signals in depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoyang Dong
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Freiin von Hövel F, Kefalakes E, Grothe C. What Can We Learn from FGF-2 Isoform-Specific Mouse Mutants? Differential Insights into FGF-2 Physiology In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010390. [PMID: 33396566 PMCID: PMC7795026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), ubiquitously expressed in humans and mice, is functionally involved in cell growth, migration and maturation in vitro and in vivo. Based on the same mRNA, an 18-kilo Dalton (kDa) FGF-2 isoform named FGF-2 low molecular weight (FGF-2LMW) isoform is translated in humans and rodents. Additionally, two larger isoforms weighing 21 and 22 kDa also exist, summarized as the FGF-2 high molecular weight (FGF-2HMW) isoform. Meanwhile, the human FGF-2HMW comprises a 22, 23, 24 and 34 kDa protein. Independent studies verified a specific intracellular localization, mode of action and tissue-specific spatiotemporal expression of the FGF-2 isoforms, increasing the complexity of their physiological and pathophysiological roles. In order to analyze their spectrum of effects, FGF-2LMW knock out (ko) and FGF-2HMWko mice have been generated, as well as mice specifically overexpressing either FGF-2LMW or FGF-2HMW. So far, the development and functionality of the cardiovascular system, bone formation and regeneration as well as their impact on the central nervous system including disease models of neurodegeneration, have been examined. This review provides a summary of the studies characterizing the in vivo effects modulated by the FGF-2 isoforms and, thus, offers a comprehensive overview of its actions in the aforementioned organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Freiin von Hövel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ekaterini Kefalakes
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-2897; Fax: +49-511-532-2880
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15
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Dai S, Mo Y, Wang Y, Xiang B, Liao Q, Zhou M, Li X, Li Y, Xiong W, Li G, Guo C, Zeng Z. Chronic Stress Promotes Cancer Development. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1492. [PMID: 32974180 PMCID: PMC7466429 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is an inevitable part of life. Chronic stress on account of reasons like adversity, depression, anxiety, or loneliness/social isolation can endanger human health. Recent studies have shown that chronic stress can induce tumorigenesis and promote cancer development. This review describes the latest progress of research on the molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress promotes cancer development. Primarily, chronic stress activates the classic neuroendocrine system [the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis] and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and leads to a decline and dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus under stress. Stress hormones produced during the activation of both the HPA axis and the SNS can promote tumorigenesis and cancer development through a variety of mechanisms. Chronic stress can also cause corresponding changes in the body's immune function and inflammatory response, which is significant because a long-term inflammatory response and the decline of the body's immune surveillance capabilities are implicated in tumorigenesis. Stress management is essential for both healthy people and cancer patients. Whether drugs that limit the signaling pathways downstream of the HPA axis or the SNS can suppress chronic stress-induced cancers or prolong patient survival deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders. J Neurosci 2020; 40:12-21. [PMID: 31896560 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0733-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the concept of stress has evolved significantly, and our understanding of the underlying neurobiology has expanded dramatically. Rather than consider stress biology to be relevant only under unusual and threatening conditions, we conceive of it as an ongoing, adaptive process of assessing the environment, coping with it, and enabling the individual to anticipate and deal with future challenges. Though much remains to be discovered, the fundamental neurocircuitry that underlies these processes has been broadly delineated, key molecular players have been identified, and the impact of this system on neuroplasticity has been well established. More recently, we have come to appreciate the critical interaction between the brain and the rest of the body as it pertains to stress responsiveness. Importantly, this system can become overloaded due to ongoing environmental demands on the individual, be they physical, physiological, or psychosocial. The impact of this overload is deleterious to brain health, and it results in vulnerability to a range of brain disorders, including major depression and cognitive deficits. Thus, stress biology is one of the best understood systems in affective neuroscience and is an ideal target for addressing the pathophysiology of many brain-related diseases. The story we present began with the discovery of glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus and has extended to other brain regions in both animal models and the human brain with the further discovery of structural and functional adaptive plasticity in response to stressful and other experiences.
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17
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Chain JL, Alvarez K, Mascaro-Blanco A, Reim S, Bentley R, Hommer R, Grant P, Leckman JF, Kawikova I, Williams K, Stoner JA, Swedo SE, Cunningham MW. Autoantibody Biomarkers for Basal Ganglia Encephalitis in Sydenham Chorea and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated With Streptococcal Infections. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:564. [PMID: 32670106 PMCID: PMC7328706 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement, behavioral, and neuropsychiatric disorders in children have been linked to infections and a group of anti-neuronal autoantibodies, implying dopamine receptor-mediated encephalitis within the basal ganglia. The purpose of this study was to determine if anti-neuronal biomarkers, when used as a group, confirmed the acute disease in Sydenham chorea (SC) and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). IgG autoantibodies against four neuronal autoantigens (tubulin, lysoganglioside GM1, and dopamine receptors D1 and D2) were detected in SC sera (N=8), sera and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from two groups of PANDAS cases (N=25 first group and N=35 second group), sera from Tourette's syndrome (N=18), obsessive-compulsive disorder (N=25), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (N=18), and healthy controls (N=28) by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG specific for neuronal autoantigens was significantly elevated during the acute symptomatic phase, and the activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) pathway was significantly elevated in human neuronal cells. Five assays confirmed the disease in SC and in two groups of children with PANDAS. In 35 acute onset PANDAS patients, 32 sera (91.4%) were positive for one or more of the anti-neuronal autoantibodies compared with 9 of 28 healthy controls (32.1%, p<0.0001). Importantly, CSF of 32 (91.4%) PANDAS patients had one or more detectable anti-neuronal autoantibody titers and CaMKII activation. Among healthy control subjects with elevated serum autoantibody titers for individual antigens, none (0%) were positively associated with elevated positive CaMKII activation, which was a striking contrast to the sera of PANDAS subjects, who had 76-89% positive association with elevated individual autoantibody titers and positive CaMKII activity. At 6 months follow-up, symptoms improved for more than 80% of PANDAS subjects, and serum autoantibody titers also significantly decreased. Results reported herein and previously published studies in our laboratory suggest the antibody biomarkers may be a useful adjunct to clinical diagnosis of SC, PANDAS, and related disorders and are the first known group of autoantibodies detecting dopamine receptor-mediated encephalitis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Chain
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kathy Alvarez
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Adita Mascaro-Blanco
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sean Reim
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rebecca Hommer
- Section on Behavioral Pediatrics, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul Grant
- Section on Behavioral Pediatrics, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James F. Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ivana Kawikova
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kyle Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julie A. Stoner
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Susan E. Swedo
- Section on Behavioral Pediatrics, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Madeleine W. Cunningham
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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18
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Chandler K, Dosso H, Simard S, Siddiqi S, Rudyk C, Salmaso N. Differential Effects of Short-term Environmental Enrichment in Juvenile and Adult Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 429:23-32. [PMID: 31917341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment has been shown to increase cognitive abilities and accelerate recovery from a number of disease states. Typically, enrichment protocols last from four to eight weeks, however, it has previously been shown that two weeks of environmental enrichment is sufficient to increase cognitive abilities and the proliferation of the astroglial stem cell pool in juvenile mice. The current study examines whether a short-term enrichment protocol can induce similar effects in adults as compared to juveniles. Using juvenile and adult wild-type mice, we examined the effects of short-term environmental enrichment (including a running wheel) on cognitive abilities, anxiety-like behaviour, and the stem cell potential of sub-ventricular neural stem cells (NSC's) in vitro using neurosphere assays. We found that short-term environmental enrichment decreased anxiety behaviour and increased overall memory abilities similarly in juveniles and adults. However, the rate of acquisition on the Morris water maze, hippocampal Sox2 and Ki67 expression, and neurosphere potential increased in response to enrichment only in juveniles, suggesting that the effects of enrichment on these measures are age dependant. Together, these data suggest that the potential beneficial effects of environmental manipulations decrease with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosnia Dosso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Simard
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Siddiqi
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Rudyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Mu H, Wang Z, Zhang X, Qian D, Wang Y, Jiang S, Liang S, Wang B. HCMV-encoded IE2 induces anxiety-depression and cognitive impairment in UL122 genetically-modified mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:4087-4095. [PMID: 31933804 PMCID: PMC6949793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although there is a high risk of mood disorders and cognitive impairment in congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections, the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms of HCMV have not yet been fully determined. In this study, we show that immediate-early 2 (IE2) protein modulates affective and cognitive behaviors. We used a UL122 genetically-modified mice model that can continuously express IE2 protein. We used a series of animal behavior tests to determine the relationship between HCMV-encoded IE2 and psychiatric disorders. In open-field, elevated plus-maze test and tail suspension tests, we found that UL122 genetically-modified mice displayed more anxiety-depression behavior than did wild-type (WT) mice. The Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test showed that spatial learning and memory were lower in UL122 genetically-modified mice model than in WT mice. Level of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protein in the hippocampus cornu ammonia areas (CA1, CA3) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the experimental group was significantly lower, consistent with immunohistochemical staining and western blot for neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Levels of SYP and PSD-95 proteins were lower in the hippocampus UL122 genetically-modified mice. These data suggest the importance of HCMV-encoded IE2 for studying anxiety and depression behaviors and for the spatial learning and memory. This would help to further explain the molecular pathological mechanism of psychiatric disorders caused by HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Mu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xianjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dongmeng Qian
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhen Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
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20
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Xu YH, Zhu Y, Zhu YY, Wei H, Zhang NN, Qin JS, Zhu XL, Yu M, Li YF. Abnormalities in FGF family members and their roles in modulating depression-related molecules. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 53:140-150. [PMID: 31491043 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system in depression has received considerable attention in recent years. To understand the role of this system, it is important to identify the specific members of the FGF family that have been implicated and the various mechanisms that they modulated. Here, we review the role of FGFs in depression and integrate evidence from clinical and basic research. These data suggest that changes in the FGF family are involved in depression and possibly in a wider range of psychiatric disorders. We analyse the abnormalities of FGF family members in depression and their roles in modulating depression-related molecules. The role of the FGF family in depression and related disorders needs to be studied in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Qin
- Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Feng Li
- Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Coppola G, Rurak GM, Simard S, Salmaso N. A Further Analysis and Commentary on: Profiling Changes in Cortical Astroglial Cells Following Chronic Stress. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519870182. [PMID: 31452604 PMCID: PMC6698990 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519870182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression proposes that major
depressive disorders are related to decreased hippocampal and cortical
neural plasticity, which is reversed by antidepressant treatment.
Astroglial cells have emerged as key mediators of neural plasticity
and are involved in the cause and treatment of depression and
anxiety-like behaviors. One of the ways that astroglia modulate
neuroplasticity is through the formation and maintenance of
perineuronal nets (PNNs). Perineuronal nets are important
extracellular matrix components that respond to stress and are
implicated in anxiety-like behaviors. Normally, astroglial cells
continuously turnover PNNs by degrading and donating PNN proteins;
however, chronic stress slows PNN protein degradation and increases
cortical PNN expression overall. In this report, we used weighted gene
co-expression network analysis and eigengene analysis to further
delineate the pathways and key regulators involved in the
astroglial-PNN relationship following chronic stress. Our analyses
indicate that chronic variable stress induces the expression of PNNs
through inhibition of trophic pathways and key transcription factors
in astroglial cells. These data further support the integral role of
astroglial cells in the neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression
through their modulation of anxiety-like behaviors and PNNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth M Rurak
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Simard
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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22
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Inhibition of FGF Receptor-1 Suppresses Alcohol Consumption: Role of PI3 Kinase Signaling in Dorsomedial Striatum. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7947-7957. [PMID: 31375540 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0805-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol intake leads to mesostriatal neuroadaptations, and to addiction phenotypes. We recently found in rodents that alcohol increases fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), which promotes alcohol consumption. Here, we show that systemic or intra-DMS blockade of the FGF2 receptor, FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1), suppresses alcohol consumption, and that the effects of FGF2-FGFR1 on alcohol drinking are mediated via the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Specifically, we found that sub-chronic alcohol treatment (7 d × 2.5 g/kg, i.p.) increased Fgfr1 mRNA expression in the dorsal hippocampus and dorsal striatum. However, prolonged and excessive voluntary alcohol consumption in a two-bottle choice procedure increased Fgfr1 expression selectively in DMS. Importantly, systemic administration of the FGFR1 inhibitor PD173074 to mice, as well as its infusion into the DMS of rats, decreased alcohol consumption and preference, with no effects on natural reward consumption. Finally, inhibition of the PI3K, but not of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, blocked the effects of FGF2 on alcohol intake and preference. Our results suggest that activation of FGFR1 by FGF2 in the DMS leads to activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, which promotes excessive alcohol consumption, and that inhibition of FGFR1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term alcohol consumption causes neuroadaptations in the mesostriatal reward system, leading to addiction-related behaviors. We recently showed that alcohol upregulates the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in dorsomedial striatum (DMS) or rats and mice, and in turn, FGF2 increases alcohol consumption. Here, we show that long-term alcohol intake also increases the expression of the FGF2 receptor, FGFR1 in the DMS. Importantly, inhibition of FGFR1 activity by a selective receptor antagonist reduces alcohol drinking, when given systemically or directly into the DMS. We further show that the effects of FGF2-FGFR1 on alcohol drinking are mediated via activation of the PI3K intracellular signaling pathway, providing an insight on the mechanism for this effect.
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23
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Hövel FFV, Leiter I, Rumpel R, Langenhagen A, Wedekind D, Häger C, Bleich A, Palme R, Grothe C. FGF-2 isoforms influence the development of dopaminergic neurons in the murine substantia nigra, but not anxiety-like behavior, stress susceptibility, or locomotor behavior. Behav Brain Res 2019; 374:112113. [PMID: 31381976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is responsible for the development of an increased number of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the murine substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Furthermore, dysregulation of its expression patterns within the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with behavioral abnormalities in mice. Until now, the contributions of the individual FGF-2 isoforms (one low (LMW) and two high molecular weight (HMW) isoforms) in the CNS are elusive. METHODS To unravel the specific effects of FGF-2 isoforms, we compared three knockout mouse lines, one only deficient for LMW, one deficient for HMW and another lacking both isoforms, regarding DA neuronal development. With this regard, three time points of ontogenic development of the SNpc were stereologically investigated. Furthermore, behavioral aspects were analyzed in young adult mice, supplemented by corticosterone measurements. RESULTS Juvenile mice lacking either LMW or HMW develop equal supernumerary DA neuron numbers in the SNpc. Compensatory increased LMW expression is observed in animals lacking HMW. Meanwhile, no knockout mouse line demonstrated changes in anxiety-like behavior, stress susceptibility, or locomotor behavior. CONCLUSIONS Both FGF-2 isoforms crucially influence DA neuronal development in the murine SNpc. However, absence of LMW or HMW alone alters neither anxiety-like nor locomotor behavior, or stress susceptibility. Therefore, FGF-2 is not a determinant and causative factor for behavioral alterations alone, but probably in combination with appropriate conditions, like environmental or genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Freiin von Hövel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hanover, Germany
| | - Ina Leiter
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hanover, Germany
| | - Regina Rumpel
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Alina Langenhagen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hanover, Germany
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Christine Häger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hanover, Germany.
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24
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Rudyk C, Dwyer Z, McNeill J, Salmaso N, Farmer K, Prowse N, Hayley S. Chronic unpredictable stress influenced the behavioral but not the neurodegenerative impact of paraquat. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100179. [PMID: 31304199 PMCID: PMC6599913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of psychological stressors on the progression of motor and non-motor disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) has received little attention. Given that PD likely results from many different environmental “hits”, we were interested in whether a chronic unpredictable stressor regimen would act additively or possibly even synergistically to augment the impact of the toxicant, paraquat, which has previously been linked to PD. Our findings support the contention that paraquat itself acted as a systemic stressor, with the pesticide increasing plasma corticosterone, as well as altering glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, stressed mice that also received paraquat displayed synergistic motor coordination impairment on a rotarod test and augmented signs of anhedonia (sucrose preference test). The individual stressor and paraquat treatments also caused a range of non-motor (e.g. open field, Y and plus mazes) deficits, but there were no signs of an interaction (neither additive nor synergistic) between the insults. Similarly, paraquat caused the expected loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and microglial activation, but this effect was not further influenced by the chronic stressor. Taken together, these results indicate that paraquat has many effects comparable to that of a more traditional stressor and that at least some behavioral measures (i.e. sucrose preference and rotarod) are augmented by the combined pesticide and stress treatments. Thus, although psychological stressors might not necessarily increase the neurodegenerative effects of the toxicant exposure, they may promote co-morbid behaviors pathology. Paraquat induced behavioral and neurochemical alterations similar to those induced by a chronic unpredictable stressor. Chronic unpredictable stress did not influence the degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons or microglia activation. The paraquat and chronic stressor exposure resulted in augmented motor impairment and anhedonic-like behavior.
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Key Words
- AAR, alternate arm return
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- CUS, chronic unpredictable stress
- Cytokine
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EPM, elevated plus maze
- FST, forced swim test
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- HPA, hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal
- IBA1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
- Inflammatory
- MMx, Micromax
- Microglia
- PB, phosphate buffer
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- Parkinson's
- RIPA, Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay
- RR, rotarod
- SAB, spontaneous alternation behavior
- SAR, same arm return
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta
- SPT, sucrose preference test
- Stress
- TH, tyrosine hydroxylase
- Toxicity
- VTA, ventral tegmental area
- pGR, phosphate glucocorticoid receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rudyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Zach Dwyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Jessica McNeill
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Natalie Prowse
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
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25
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Luo Z, Ahlers-Dannen KE, Spicer MM, Yang J, Alberico S, Stevens HE, Narayanan NS, Fisher RA. Age-dependent nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-synuclein accumulation in RGS6-deficient mice. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126769. [PMID: 31120439 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's is primarily a non-familial, age-related disorder caused by α-synuclein accumulation and the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-cAMP signaling has been linked to a reduction in human Parkinson's incidence and α-synuclein expression. Neuronal cAMP levels are controlled by GPCRs coupled to Gs or Gi/o, which increase or decrease cAMP, respectively. Regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6) powerfully inhibits Gi/o signaling. Therefore, we hypothesized that RGS6 suppresses D2 autoreceptor- Gi/o signaling in SNc dopamine neurons promoting neuronal survival and reducing α-synuclein expression. Here we provide novel evidence that RGS6 critically suppresses late-age-onset SNc dopamine neuron loss and α-synuclein accumulation. RGS6 is restrictively expressed in human SNc dopamine neurons and, despite their loss in Parkinson's, all surviving neurons express RGS6. RGS6-/- mice exhibit hyperactive D2 autoreceptors with reduced cAMP signaling in SNc dopamine neurons. Importantly, RGS6-/- mice recapitulate key sporadic Parkinson's hallmarks, including: SNc dopamine neuron loss, reduced nigrostriatal dopamine, motor deficits, and α-synuclein accumulation. To our knowledge, Rgs6 is the only gene whose loss phenocopies these features of human Parkinson's. Therefore, RGS6 is a key regulator of D2R-Gi/o signaling in SNc dopamine neurons, protecting against Parkinson's neurodegeneration and α-synuclein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Katelin E Ahlers-Dannen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mackenzie M Spicer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jianqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Hanna E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rory A Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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26
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Xu Y, Wei H, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang N, Qin J, Zhu X, Yu M, Li Y. Potential serum biomarkers for the prediction of the efficacy of escitalopram for treating depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:307-312. [PMID: 30875673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several pharmacological treatment options for depression are currently available, a large proportion of patients still do not achieve a complete remission or respond adequately to the initial antidepressant prescribed for reasons that remain relatively unknown. This study explored the application of serum biomarkers to the predict the efficacy of escitalopram for treating depression, to guide clinical drug selection. METHOD In this study, 306 patients suffering from depression were treated with escitalopram (10 mg) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of treatment, the patients were divided into an escitalopram-sensitive group (ES, n = 172) and an escitalopram-insensitive group (EIS, n = 134) according their HAMD-24 scores after 6 weeks of treatment. Serum samples from all participants were collected on the first day, and 10 different serum biomarkers were analysed. Data from 100 patients in the ES group and 100 patients in the EIS group were then used to build a logistic regression model, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. To validate the accuracy of our model, another 72 patients in the ES group and 34 patients in the EIS group were studied. RESULTS Of the 10 selected serum biomarkers, 4 were screened to build the regression model. BDNF, FGF-2, TNF-α and 5-HT. The regression equation was Z = 1/[1 + e-(-5.065+0.145 (BDNF)+0.029 (FGF-2)-0.368 (TNF-α)+0.813 (5-HT))], and the 4 biomarkers-combined detection achieved an AUC (area under the ROC curve) of 0.929 and a predictive accuracy of 88.70%. LIMITATION Decision support tools based on our combined biomarker prediction models hold comparatively great promises; however, they need to be validated on a much larger scales than current studies provide. CONCLUSION The logistic regression model and ROC curves based of the serum biomarkers used in this study provide a more reliable means to predict the efficacy of escitalopram in patients with depression, and provide clinical evidence for drug selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jiasheng Qin
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; Department of Neuroimaging laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.
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27
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Deng Z, Deng S, Zhang MR, Tang MM. Fibroblast Growth Factors in Depression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30804785 PMCID: PMC6370647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most serious diseases and now becomes a major public health problem in the world. The pathogenesis of depression remains poorly understood. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) belong to a large family of growth factors that are involved in brain development during early periods as well as maintenance and repair throughout adulthood. In recent years, studies have found a correlation between the members of the FGF system and depression. These signaling molecules may be expected to be biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of MDD, and may provide new drug targets for the treatment of depression. Here, we reviewed the correlation between some members of the FGF system and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Deng
- Hospital Evaluation Office, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mu-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi-Mi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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28
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Schmidt M, Lax E, Zhou R, Cheishvili D, Ruder AM, Ludiro A, Lapert F, Macedo da Cruz A, Sandrini P, Calzoni T, Vaisheva F, Brandwein C, Luoni A, Massart R, Lanfumey L, Riva MA, Deuschle M, Gass P, Szyf M. Fetal glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) deficiency alters the landscape of DNA methylation of murine placenta in a sex-dependent manner and is associated to anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:23. [PMID: 30655507 PMCID: PMC6336883 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress defines long-term phenotypes through epigenetic programming of the offspring. These effects are potentially mediated by glucocorticoid release and by sex. We hypothesized that the glucocorticoid receptor (Gr, Nr3c1) fashions the DNA methylation profile of offspring. Consistent with this hypothesis, fetal Nr3c1 heterozygosity leads to altered DNA methylation landscape in fetal placenta in a sex-specific manner. There was a significant overlap of differentially methylated genes in fetal placenta and adult frontal cortex in Nr3c1 heterozygotes. Phenotypically, Nr3c1 heterozygotes show significantly more anxiety-like behavior than wildtype. DNA methylation status of fetal placental tissue is significantly correlated with anxiety-like behavior of the same animals in adulthood. Thus, placental DNA methylation might predict behavioral phenotypes in adulthood. Our data supports the hypothesis that Nr3c1 influences DNA methylation at birth and that DNA methylation in placenta correlates with adult frontal cortex DNA methylation and anxiety-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schmidt
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Elad Lax
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Rudy Zhou
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - David Cheishvili
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Arne Mathias Ruder
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessia Ludiro
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Florian Lapert
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Macedo da Cruz
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paolo Sandrini
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Calzoni
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Farida Vaisheva
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Christiane Brandwein
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessia Luoni
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Renaud Massart
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 0638 6979grid.417896.5Inserm, U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- 0000 0004 0638 6979grid.417896.5Inserm, U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France ,0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33Université Paris Descartes, UMRS894, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Deuschle
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moshe Szyf
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
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Graham BM, Dong V, Richardson R. The impact of chronic fluoxetine on conditioned fear expression and hippocampal FGF2 in rats: Short- and long-term effects. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:344-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Simard S, Shail P, MacGregor J, El Sayed M, Duman RS, Vaccarino FM, Salmaso N. Fibroblast growth factor 2 is necessary for the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204980. [PMID: 30273396 PMCID: PMC6166983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that fibroblast growth factor 2 protein (FGF2) can act as an anxiolytic and anti-depressive agent in rodents. Levels of hippocampal FGF2 and FGF2 receptors are decreased in post-mortem brains of individuals with mood disorders. No changes in FGF2 were noted in the post-mortem brains of individuals with mood disorders that were successfully treated with anti-depressant medication prior to death. Mutations in the FGF2 gene in humans have been shown to predict non-responsiveness to the therapeutic effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These findings suggest that FGF2 may potentially be a target of and/or required for the therapeutic effects of antidepressant medications. To test this, we employed a rodent model of depressive behaviour, chronic variable stress (CVS) in conjunction with antidepressant treatment (fluoxetine) in wild-type (WT) and FGF2 knockout mice (FGF2KO) and examined depressive and anxiety behaviors. Results showed that fluoxetine reversed the effects of CVS on depressive and anxiety behaviours in wild-type mice only, suggesting that the FGF2 gene is indeed necessary for the therapeutic effects of fluoxetine. Interestingly, CVS decreased hippocampal FGF2 levels and fluoxetine partially reversed this effect. Because FGF2 has been previously shown to modify HPA activity through hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (GR), we examined levels of glucocorticoid receptors and found a decrease in GR in response to CVS, with a further decrease in FGF2KO. No effect of fluoxetine on GR was observed in either WT or FGF2KO mice. This suggests that further changes in glucocorticoid receptors are not necessary for the anti-depressant effects of fluoxetine in WT mice, although decreased glucocorticoid receptors in response to FGF2 deletion may preclude the therapeutic actions of fluoxetine in FGF2KO. Whether astroglia, astroglial functions, or HPA changes are the downstream target of FGF2-mediated changes induced by fluoxetine remains to be determined, however, the current study reaffirms the potential of FGF2 as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Simard
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pragya Shail
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica MacGregor
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha El Sayed
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Flora M Vaccarino
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Simard S, Coppola G, Rudyk CA, Hayley S, McQuaid RJ, Salmaso N. Profiling changes in cortical astroglial cells following chronic stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1961-1971. [PMID: 29907879 PMCID: PMC6046043 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that cortical astroglia play an important role in depressive-like behaviors. Potential astroglial contributions have been proposed based on their known neuroplastic functions, such as glutamate recycling and synaptic plasticity. However, the specific mechanisms by which astroglial cells may contribute or protect against a depressive phenotype remain unknown. To delineate astroglial changes that accompany depressive-like behavior, we used astroglial-specific bacTRAP mice exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) and profiled the astroglial translatome using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) in conjunction with RNAseq. As expected, CVS significantly increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and corticosterone levels and decreased GFAP expression in astroglia, although this did not reflect a change in the total number of astroglial cells. TRAPseq results showed that CVS decreased genes associated with astroglial plasticity: RhoGTPases, growth factor signaling, and transcription regulation, and increased genes associated with the formation of extracellular matrices such as perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs inhibit neuroplasticity and astroglia contribute to the formation, organization, and maintenance of PNNs. To validate our TRAPseq findings, we showed an increase in PNNs following CVS. Degradation of PNNs in the prefrontal cortex of mice exposed to CVS reversed the CVS-induced behavioral phenotype in the forced swim test. These data lend further support to the neuroplasticity hypothesis of depressive behaviors and, in particular, extend this hypothesis beyond neuronal plasticity to include an overall decrease in genes associated with cortical astroglial plasticity following CVS. Further studies will be needed to assess the antidepressant potential of directly targeting astroglial cell function in models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Simard
- 0000 0004 1936 893Xgrid.34428.39Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Gianfilippo Coppola
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Christopher A. Rudyk
- 0000 0004 1936 893Xgrid.34428.39Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- 0000 0004 1936 893Xgrid.34428.39Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Robyn J. McQuaid
- 0000 0001 1503 7525grid.414622.7The Royal Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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32
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Taetzsch T, Brayman VL, Valdez G. FGF binding proteins (FGFBPs): Modulators of FGF signaling in the developing, adult, and stressed nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2983-2991. [PMID: 29902550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family are involved in a variety of cellular processes. In the nervous system, they affect the differentiation and migration of neurons, the formation and maturation of synapses, and the repair of neuronal circuits following insults. Because of the varied yet critical functions of FGF ligands, their availability and activity must be tightly regulated for the nervous system, as well as other tissues, to properly develop and function in adulthood. In this regard, FGF binding proteins (FGFBPs) have emerged as strong candidates for modulating the actions of secreted FGFs in neural and non-neural tissues. Here, we will review the roles of FGFBPs in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Taetzsch
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | - Vanessa L Brayman
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Abbott PW, Gumusoglu SB, Bittle J, Beversdorf DQ, Stevens HE. Prenatal stress and genetic risk: How prenatal stress interacts with genetics to alter risk for psychiatric illness. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 90:9-21. [PMID: 29407514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk for neuropsychiatric disorders is complex and includes an individual's internal genetic endowment and their environmental experiences and exposures. Embryonic development captures a particularly complex period, in which genetic and environmental factors can interact to contribute to risk. These environmental factors are incorporated differently into the embryonic brain than postnatal one. Here, we comprehensively review the human and animal model literature for studies that assess the interaction between genetic risks and one particular environmental exposure with strong and complex associations with neuropsychiatric outcomes-prenatal maternal stress. Gene-environment interaction has been demonstrated for stress occurring during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Additional work demonstrates that prenatal stress risk may be similarly complex. Animal model studies have begun to address some underlying mechanisms, including particular maternal or fetal genetic susceptibilities that interact with stress exposure and those that do not. More specifically, the genetic underpinnings of serotonin and dopamine signaling and stress physiology mechanisms have been shown to be particularly relevant to social, attentional, and internalizing behavioral changes, while other genetic factors have not, including some growth factor and hormone-related genes. Interactions have reflected both the diathesis-stress and differential susceptibility models. Maternal genetic factors have received less attention than those in offspring, but strongly modulate impacts of prenatal stress. Priorities for future research are investigating maternal response to distinct forms of stress and developing whole-genome methods to examine the contributions of genetic variants of both mothers and offspring, particularly including genes involved in neurodevelopment. This is a burgeoning field of research that will ultimately contribute not only to a broad understanding of psychiatric pathophysiology but also to efforts for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker W Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
| | - Serena B Gumusoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Jada Bittle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - David Q Beversdorf
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Interdisciplinary Intercampus Research Program, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment Disorders, Departments of Radiology, Neurology and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 2312 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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Gupta S, M-Redmond T, Meng F, Tidball A, Akil H, Watson S, Parent JM, Uhler M. Fibroblast growth factor 2 regulates activity and gene expression of human post-mitotic excitatory neurons. J Neurochem 2017; 145:188-203. [PMID: 29168882 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many neuropsychiatric disorders are thought to result from subtle changes in neural circuit formation. We used human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model mature, post-mitotic excitatory neurons and examine effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). FGF2 gene expression is known to be altered in brain regions of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and FGF2 has anti-depressive effects in animal models of depression. We generated stable inducible neurons (siNeurons) conditionally expressing human neurogenin-2 (NEUROG2) to generate a homogenous population of post-mitotic excitatory neurons and study the functional as well as the transcriptional effects of FGF2. Upon induction of NEUROG2 with doxycycline, the vast majority of cells are post-mitotic, and the gene expression profile recapitulates that of excitatory neurons within 6 days. Using hES cell lines that inducibly express NEUROG2 as well as GCaMP6f, we were able to characterize spontaneous calcium activity in these neurons and show that calcium transients increase in the presence of FGF2. The FGF2-responsive genes were determined by RNA-Seq. FGF2-regulated genes previously identified in non-neuronal cell types were up-regulated (EGR1, ETV4, SPRY4, and DUSP6) as a result of chronic FGF2 treatment of siNeurons. Novel neuron-specific genes were also identified that may mediate FGF2-dependent increases in synaptic efficacy including NRXN3, SYT2, and GALR1. Since several of these genes have been implicated in MDD previously, these results will provide the basis for more mechanistic studies of the role of FGF2 in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gupta
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tanya M-Redmond
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fan Meng
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Tidball
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stanley Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Uhler
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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35
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Graham BM. Fibroblast Growth Factor-2: A Promising Biomarker for Anxiety and Trauma Disorders. J Exp Neurosci 2017; 11:1179069517749589. [PMID: 29308016 PMCID: PMC5751900 DOI: 10.1177/1179069517749589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and trauma disorders are a significant source of global burden. Although it is clear that there is great heterogeneity in humans' response to trauma and stress, most research on fear and anxiety has focused on the "average" animal. Increased understanding of the sources of individual differences in fear reactions may lead to more refined means of predicting who is at risk for the development of anxiety disorders so that early preventative interventions can be implemented. This commentary highlights recent cross-species work (in rats and humans) indicating that the neurotrophin fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) holds promise as a potential biomarker for anxiety disorder vulnerability. Both central (hippocampal) and peripheral (serum and saliva) markers of FGF2 correlate negatively with fear expression after an aversive conditioning experience. Here, 2 broad accounts of the potential mechanism of vulnerability captured by measures of FGF2 are outlined. In particular, it is suggested that basal differences in FGF2 (across different tissue types) may provide a general index of one's regenerative capacity; alternatively, differences in FGF2 reactivity (in specific tissue types) may be indicative of one's coping capacity in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Graham
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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36
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Low Endogenous Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Levels Are Associated With Heightened Conditioned Fear Expression in Rats and Humans. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:601-607. [PMID: 28460841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal concentrations of the neurotrophic factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are negatively associated with the expression of fear following conditioning in rats. Heightened conditioned fear expression may be a prospective risk factor for the development of human anxiety and trauma disorders. However, the relationship between conditioned fear expression and FGF2 is yet to be established in humans. METHODS Using a cross-species approach, we first investigated the relationship between serum concentrations of FGF2 and individual differences in conditioned fear expression in rats (n = 19). We then subjected 88 human participants, who were recruited from university and community advertisements, to a differential fear conditioning procedure and assessed the relationship between salivary concentrations of FGF2 and fear expression to a conditioned stimulus (CS) (a stimulus paired with a shock) and a CS that was never paired with shock. RESULTS Rats with low serum levels of FGF2 exhibited significantly more freezing than rats with high serum levels of FGF2. Similarly, relative to those with high salivary FGF2, human participants with low salivary FGF2 exhibited significantly heightened skin conductance responses to the CS without shock during fear conditioning and to both the CS with shock and CS without shock during fear recall. CONCLUSIONS These studies establish that peripheral markers of FGF2 concentrations are negatively associated with fear expression in both rats and humans. To the extent that conditioned fear expression predicts anxiety and trauma disorder vulnerability, FGF2 may be a clinically useful biomarker in the prediction and eventual prevention of these disorders.
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Xu YH, Yu M, Wei H, Yao S, Chen SY, Zhu XL, Li YF. Fibroblast growth factor 22 is a novel modulator of depression through interleukin-1β. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:907-916. [PMID: 28948716 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Emerging evidence shows that fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) plays a critical role in the etiology of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms of FGF22 are not fully comprehended. Here, the effect of FGF22 in depression and its relationship with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were investigated in clinical, animal, and cell experiments. METHODS Serum from depressive patients was collected, and the levels of FGF22 and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was established, and primary hippocampal neuronal cells were cultured to examine changes in FGF22 and IL-1β levels in rat hippocampus. RESULTS The results revealed a negative correlation between serum FGF22 levels and serum IL-1β levels. The expression of IL-1β in the CUMS rat hippocampus decreased, and the apoptosis of hippocampal cells improved after the injection of lentiviral vector-mediated FGF22 (LV-FGF22). Further tests in primary hippocampal neuronal cells also showed a reduction in IL-1β and the cell apoptosis rate after treatment with FGF22. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results revealed that FGF22 plays a role in alleviating depression, which may be mediated by reduced expression of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Si-Yuan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhu
- The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue-Feng Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Rudyk CA, McNeill J, Prowse N, Dwyer Z, Farmer K, Litteljohn D, Caldwell W, Hayley S. Age and Chronicity of Administration Dramatically Influenced the Impact of Low Dose Paraquat Exposure on Behavior and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Activity. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:222. [PMID: 28769783 PMCID: PMC5509760 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the age-dependent and long-term consequences of low exposure levels of the herbicide and dopaminergic toxicant, paraquat. Thus, we assessed the dose-dependent effects of paraquat using a typical short-term (3 week) exposure procedure, followed by an assessment of the effects of chronic (16 weeks) exposure to a very low dose (1/10th of what previously induced dopaminergic neuronal damage). Short term paraquat treatment dose-dependently induced deficits in locomotion, sucrose preference and Y-maze performance. Chronic low dose paraquat treatment had a very different pattern of effects that were also dependent upon the age of the animal: in direct contrast to the short-term effects, chronic low dose paraquat increased sucrose consumption and reduced forced swim test (FST) immobility. Yet these effects were age-dependent, only emerging in mice older than 13 months. Likewise, Y-maze spontaneous alternations and home cage activity were dramatically altered as a function of age and paraquat chronicity. In both the short and long-term exposure studies, increased corticosterone and altered hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were induced by paraquat, but surprisingly these effects were blunted in the older mice. Thus, paraquat clearly acts as a systemic stressor in terms of corticoid signaling and behavioral outcomes, but that paradoxical effects may occur with: (a) repeated exposure at; (b) very low doses; and (c) older age. Collectively, these data raise the possibility that repeated “hits” with low doses of paraquat in combination with aging processes might have promoted compensatory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Rudyk
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica McNeill
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Prowse
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zach Dwyer
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Darcy Litteljohn
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Warren Caldwell
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
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Choubey L, Collette JC, Smith KM. Quantitative assessment of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expression in neurons and glia. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3173. [PMID: 28439461 PMCID: PMC5398288 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) have numerous functions in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). For example, the FGFR1 receptor is important for proliferation and fate specification of radial glial cells in the cortex and hippocampus, oligodendrocyte proliferation and regeneration, midline glia morphology and soma translocation, Bergmann glia morphology, and cerebellar morphogenesis. In addition, FGFR1 signaling in astrocytes is required for postnatal maturation of interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV). FGFR1 is implicated in synapse formation in the hippocampus, and alterations in the expression of Fgfr1 and its ligand, Fgf2 accompany major depression. Understanding which cell types express Fgfr1 during development may elucidate its roles in normal development of the brain as well as illuminate possible causes of certain neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods Here, we used a BAC transgenic reporter line to trace Fgfr1 expression in the developing postnatal murine CNS. The specific transgenic line employed was created by the GENSAT project, tgFGFR1-EGFPGP338Gsat, and includes a gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the regulation of the Fgfr1 promoter, to trace Fgfr1 expression in the developing CNS. Unbiased stereological counts were performed for several cell types in the cortex and hippocampus. Results This model reveals that Fgfr1 is primarily expressed in glial cells, in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, along with some neurons. Dual labeling experiments indicate that the proportion of GFP+ (Fgfr1+) cells that are also GFAP+ increases from postnatal day 7 (P7) to 1 month, illuminating dynamic changes in Fgfr1 expression during postnatal development of the cortex. In postnatal neurogenic areas, GFP expression was also observed in SOX2, doublecortin (DCX), and brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP) expressing cells. Fgfr1 is also highly expressed in DCX positive cells of the dentate gyrus (DG), but not in the rostral migratory stream. Fgfr1 driven GFP was also observed in tanycytes and GFAP+ cells of the hypothalamus, as well as in Bergmann glia and astrocytes of the cerebellum. Conclusions The tgFGFR1-EGFPGP338Gsat mouse model expresses GFP that is congruent with known functions of FGFR1, including hippocampal development, glial cell development, and stem cell proliferation. Understanding which cell types express Fgfr1 may elucidate its role in neuropsychiatric disorders and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Choubey
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States of America
| | - Jantzen C Collette
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States of America
| | - Karen Müller Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States of America
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Duclot F, Kabbaj M. The Role of Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) in Brain Plasticity and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:35. [PMID: 28321184 PMCID: PMC5337695 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now clearly established that complex interactions between genes and environment are involved in multiple aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders, from determining an individual's vulnerability to onset, to influencing its response to therapeutic intervention. In this perspective, it appears crucial to better understand how the organism reacts to environmental stimuli and provide a coordinated and adapted response. In the central nervous system, neuronal plasticity and neurotransmission are among the major processes integrating such complex interactions between genes and environmental stimuli. In particular, immediate early genes (IEGs) are critical components of these interactions as they provide the molecular framework for a rapid and dynamic response to neuronal activity while opening the possibility for a lasting and sustained adaptation through regulation of the expression of a wide range of genes. As a result, IEGs have been tightly associated with neuronal activity as well as a variety of higher order processes within the central nervous system such as learning, memory and sensitivity to reward. The immediate early gene and transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) has thus been revealed as a major mediator and regulator of synaptic plasticity and neuronal activity in both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review article, we will focus on the role of EGR1 in the central nervous system. First, we will summarize the different factors influencing its activity. Then, we will analyze the amount of data, including genome-wide, that has emerged in the recent years describing the wide variety of genes, pathways and biological functions regulated directly or indirectly by EGR1. We will thus be able to gain better insights into the mechanisms underlying EGR1's functions in physiological neuronal activity. Finally, we will discuss and illustrate the role of EGR1 in pathological states with a particular interest in cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Duclot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mohamed Kabbaj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, USA
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Sits at the Interface of Stress and Anxiety. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:419-421. [PMID: 27565541 PMCID: PMC5790313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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