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Wemm SE, Holzhauer CG, Harrison L, Milivojevic V, Fogelman N, Cao ZT, Wulfert E. Neuroendocrine responses and coupling to laboratory-induced stress in problem gambling and heavy smoking. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2025; 177:107469. [PMID: 40250213 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025]
Abstract
Identifying common biological and psychological features of substance and behavioral addictions promises to shed light on the pathophysiology of addictive disorders. By identifying constructs that might be related to common risk factors or learned patterns, we gain insights into addiction mechanisms. Previous studies have shown altered levels of the stress hormone cortisol in individuals with problem gambling. However, it remains unclear whether these alterations extend to other hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and to sex steroids in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) as well as the coupling of these hormones with cortisol. In this study, we examined the effects of a laboratory stressor on HPG axis response as measured by levels of testosterone, progesterone and the downstream neuroactive metabolites dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA] and its sulfate [DHEA-S]) as well as the coupling of these HPG hormones with HPA axis response in cortisol. We compared individuals with problem gambling or heavy cigarette smoking to healthy controls. While DHEA increased following a stressor implemented via the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), no other hormones showed stress-related changes. Healthy control participants exhibited increased coupling of cortisol with DHEA during stress. In contrast, coupling remained unchanged in problem gamblers or heavy smokers. These findings suggest that, in addition to attenuated cortisol, the feedback between cortisol and neuroactive steroids like DHEA are similarly altered in individuals with behavioral and substance addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Wemm
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Cathryn G Holzhauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Luke Harrison
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Verica Milivojevic
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nia Fogelman
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhimin Tim Cao
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuse, NY, USA
| | - Edelgard Wulfert
- Psychology Department, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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Goetz SMM, Lucas T, Granger DA. Salivary uric acid dynamics are associated with stress response hormones among African Americans in an urban sample. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 168:107120. [PMID: 39002453 PMCID: PMC11317218 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute physiological responses to psychosocial stressors are a potential pathway underlying racial disparities in stress-related illnesses. Uric acid (UA) is a potent antioxidant that has been linked to disparities in stress-related illnesses, and recent research has shown that UA is responsive to acute social stress. However, an examination of the relationships between the purinergic system and other commonly measured stress systems is lacking. Here, we measure and characterize associations of salivary uric acid (sUA) with markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis activation, and acute inflammation. A community sample of 103 African Americans (33 male, 70 female) completed the Trier Social Stress Test to induce social-evaluative threat. Passive drool collected before, during, and after the stressor task provided salivary reactivity measures of UA (sUA), cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), salivary alpha amylase (sAA - a surrogate marker of SAM activity) and C-reactive protein (sCRP). Multiple regressions revealed that total activation of cortisol, DHEAS, and sCRP were each positively associated with higher total activation of sUA. Additionally, DHEAS reactivity was positively associated with sUA reactivity. Relationships between HPA-axis markers and sUA were especially observed among younger and male participants. Overall, findings suggest potential coordination of stress systems with sUA in response to acute stress, which may further the contributions of biological stress processes to racial health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M M Goetz
- Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI 48502, USA.
| | - Todd Lucas
- Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI 48502, USA.
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1075, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697-7085, USA; John Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Defayette AB, Esposito-Smythers C, Cero I, Harris KM, Whitmyre ED, López R. Interpersonal stress and proinflammatory activity in emerging adults with a history of suicide risk: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2023; 2:100016. [PMID: 37693104 PMCID: PMC10486198 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal stress during adolescence and young adulthood can threaten healthy developmental trajectories. A "primed" proinflammatory response to acute stress may serve as an underlying process that results in negative outcomes for youth. The present pilot study examined the relation between interpersonal stress and two proinflammatory cytokines in a sample of 42 university-recruited emerging adults with recent suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Participants completed self-report measures of mood, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, recent peer-related stressors, and interpersonal sensitivity. They also participated in an acute laboratory social stress task and provided three saliva samples to measure their proinflammatory responses (IL-6 and TNF-α) to the stressor. Participants reported significant increases in sadness and exclusion, and significant decreases in inclusion, following task participation. Importantly, no participants reported an increase in or onset of suicidal thoughts. No significant associations between interpersonal stress and proinflammatory cytokines were found. Changes in affect during the task coupled with lack of increased suicidal thoughts indicate it is acceptable to use this exclusion and rejection paradigm with this population, with proper debriefing and positive mood induction procedures. Given all other nonsignificant associations, future research considerations are discussed, including impact of COVID-19 on task potency and incorporation of multiple stress response systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamarie B. Defayette
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - Ian Cero
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Katherine M. Harris
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Emma D. Whitmyre
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Roberto López
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Simon SG, Eiden RD, Molnar DS, Huestis MA, Riis JL. Associations between prenatal and postnatal substance exposure and salivary C-reactive protein in early childhood. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 95:107134. [PMID: 36395973 PMCID: PMC10644259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to tobacco and cannabis during developmental periods of enhanced vulnerability (e.g., in utero and early childhood) may have long-lasting effects on child health. One potential mechanism underlying these associations is the alteration of inflammatory pathways. Using data from a longitudinal study of mother/child dyads, we examined the adjusted and combined associations of prenatal and postnatal tobacco and cannabis exposure with inflammation in early childhood. Furthermore, we explored the relations between different measures of exposure, partly reflecting differences in timing, dose, and level of fetal exposure (e.g., self-report vs. biomarker), and inflammation. Finally, we explored child sex as a moderator of prenatal and postnatal tobacco and cannabis exposure and inflammation. METHOD Women were recruited from a local hospital during their first prenatal appointment. Repeated assessments were conducted at each trimester, at birth, and when children were 2, 9, 16, 24, 36, and 60 months old (N = 215; 112 female children). To evaluate associations with different measurement approaches, prenatal tobacco and cannabis exposure were assessed using: 1) continuous dose-response variables of maternal self-reported tobacco and cannabis use during each trimester to assess associations with timing and severity of exposure, 2) categorization of children into exposure groups based on drugs and metabolites present in infant meconium reflecting later pregnancy fetal exposure, and 3) categorization into exposure groups using a combination of maternal self-report data and biomarker data derived from maternal saliva samples and infant meconium taking advantage of multiple methods of assessment to examine group differences. Postnatal exposure to tobacco (assessed using child salivary cotinine) and cannabis (assessed using maternal self-reported average joints smoked per day) was measured at each infancy/early childhood assessment. Adjusted pre- and postnatal exposure associations with child inflammation were assessed by including both measures as predictor variables in linear regression models predicting child salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations at 60 months. Interactions between pre- and postnatal exposure variables were then modeled to investigate the combined relations between pre- and postnatal substance exposure with child salivary CRP concentrations at 60 months. RESULTS Adjusting for postnatal exposure variables, there was a significant interaction between the average daily cigarettes and the average daily cannabis joints smoked during the third trimester predicting salivary CRP concentrations in early childhood. At high tobacco exposure, the effect of cannabis on CRP concentrations was negligible, whereas at low tobacco exposure, the effect of cannabis exposure on CRP concentrations was positive. Adjusting for postnatal tobacco and cannabis exposure, children for whom meconium data indicated co-exposure to tobacco and cannabis showed approximately 43% lower CRP concentrations at age 60 months compared to children with no exposure. However, when mother/child dyads were categorized based on a combination of maternal self-report data and biomarker data from saliva samples and infant meconium, there were no differences in salivary CRP concentrations at age 60 months across the three groups (no prenatal exposure, prenatal tobacco exposure only, prenatal co-exposure to tobacco and cannabis), controlling for postnatal associations. Regardless of the measurement method used to assess prenatal exposures in adjusted analyses, prenatal tobacco exposure alone did not predict CRP concentrations in early childhood, nor did postnatal tobacco exposure. Among boys, postnatal cannabis exposure was associated with higher concentrations of CRP at age 60 months, controlling for prenatal exposure relations. There were no significant combined associations of pre- and postnatal exposure with CRP concentrations. CONCLUSION This study expands upon known relations between prenatal and postnatal substance exposure and immunological outcomes in early childhood, underscoring the importance of assessing cannabis exposure during gestation and early life in combination with tobacco exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna G Simon
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology & Consortium for Combating Substance Abuse, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S Molnar
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenna L Riis
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Babaei M, Rezaei S, Saghafi Khadem S, Shirinbak I, Basir Shabestari S. The Role of Salivary C-Reactive Protein in Systemic and Oral Disorders: A Systematic Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:138. [PMID: 36479533 PMCID: PMC9719583 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood sampling is expensive, time-consuming, invasive, and requires technical facilities, which can be replaced by more convenient samples such as saliva. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used biomarker in the management of many disorders and plasma CRP (pCRP) is suggested to be replaced by salivary CRP (sCRP). This study aimed to systematically review all available literature on the sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders and how sCRP and pCRP levels correlate among these patients and healthy individuals. Methods: In this systematic review, a PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar search was conducted on October-2021 to identify all research investigating sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders. Results: A total of 130 publications were analyzed in the review. Most of the studies reported that sCRP and pCRP levels are correlated, and sCRP is a reliable alternative for pCRP level for the diagnosis and management of medical conditions. sCRP has been measured in many different medical and oral disorders and significantly correlated with disease activity in most cases. Conclusion: Salivary CRP is a good alternative for Plasma CRP levels in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Babaei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Rezaei
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Saghafi Khadem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Shirinbak
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Samira Basir Shabestari
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author:Samira Basir Shabestari,
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Glier S, Campbell A, Corr R, Pelletier‐Baldelli A, Yefimov M, Guerra C, Scott K, Murphy L, Bizzell J, Belger A. Coordination of autonomic and endocrine stress responses to the Trier Social Stress Test in adolescence. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14056. [PMID: 35353921 PMCID: PMC9339460 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulations in autonomic and endocrine stress responses are linked to the emergence of psychopathology in adolescence. However, most studies fail to consider the interplay between these systems giving rise to conflicting findings and a gap in understanding adolescent stress response regulation. A multisystem framework-investigation of parasympathetic (PNS), sympathetic (SNS), and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis components and their coordination-is necessary to understand individual differences in stress response coordination which contribute to stress vulnerabilities. As the first investigation to comprehensively evaluate these three systems in adolescence, the current study employed the Trier Social Stress Test in 72 typically developing adolescents (mean age = 13) to address how PNS, SNS, and HPA stress responses are coordinated in adolescence. Hypotheses tested key predictions of the Adaptive Calibration Model (ACM) of stress response coordination. PNS and SNS responses were assessed via heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) respectively. HPA responses were indexed by salivary cortisol. Analyses utilized piecewise growth curve modeling to investigate these aims. Supporting the ACM theory, there was significant hierarchical coordination between the systems such that those with low HRV had higher sAA and cortisol reactivity and those with high HRV had low-to-moderate sAA and cortisol responsivity. Our novel results reveal the necessity of studying multisystem dynamics in an integrative fashion to uncover the true mechanisms of stress response and regulation during development. Additionally, our findings support the existence of characteristic stress response profiles as predicted by the ACM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Glier
- School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alana Campbell
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rachel Corr
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Andrea Pelletier‐Baldelli
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mae Yefimov
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Carina Guerra
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kathryn Scott
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Louis Murphy
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joshua Bizzell
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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Szabo YZ, Slavish DC. Measuring salivary markers of inflammation in health research: A review of methodological considerations and best practices. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105069. [PMID: 33316694 PMCID: PMC8412951 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in using saliva to measure inflammatory biomarkers. Compared to blood, saliva is non-invasive, requires a lower biosafety classification, and requires less specialized personnel to collect. As the assessment of inflammation in saliva becomes more popular in psychoneuroimmunology research, the development of gold-standard methodological practices is paramount. This paper reviews different considerations for designing studies to assess salivary measures of inflammation. We review saliva collection procedures, sample storage and processing considerations, assay techniques, flow rate, correspondence with blood-based markers, and potential demographic and health moderators of levels of salivary markers of inflammation. Together, this review highlights critical gaps for future research, including calls for standardization of study protocols, transparent reporting of results, assessing predictive validity of markers of salivary inflammation for disease, and the need for assessment of participants' oral and general health status. Although additional work is needed to elucidate gold standards for study design, measurement, and analysis, salivary markers of inflammation may be a useful tool for understanding oral and peripheral inflammation dynamics non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Z. Szabo
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA,Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA, Corresponding Authors: Yvette Z. Szabo, 4800 Memorial Drive (151C), Waco, Texas 76711 (254) 297-3179;
| | - Danica C. Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Renna ME, Hoyt MA, Ottaviani C, Mennin DS. An experimental examination of worry and relaxation on cardiovascular, endocrine, and inflammatory processes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 122:104870. [PMID: 33010599 PMCID: PMC7849652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worry increases risk for long-term health issues by prolonging the physiological stress response. In contrast, relaxation may ameliorate the psychological and physiological burden resulting from worry. This study examined the impact of experimentally induced worry and relaxation on cortisol, heart rate variability (HRV), and inflammation. METHOD Participants (N = 80) completed both a worry and relaxation induction (presented in a fixed order) while HRV was collected continuously. Three blood samples were taken (at baseline, after the worry induction, and after the relaxation induction) to measure IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and serum cortisol. RESULTS There were significant changes in IL-6 (p < 0.001), IFN-γ (p < 0.01), HRV (p < .001), and cortisol (p < .001) but not in TNF-α (p = 0.65) across conditions. HRV decreased significantly from baseline to worry and then increased following relaxation. IL-6 was higher during relaxation compared to worry and baseline. Cortisol decreased significantly across conditions. Several patterns of covariance between inflammation and HRV and/or cortisol also emerged. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer novel insight into how worry influences the immune system and emphasize the utility of a multi-methods approach to understanding the impact of worry on physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Renna
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA,The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA,Corresponding author at: Institute of Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States. (M.E. Renna)
| | | | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Szabo YZ, Slavish DC, Graham-Engeland JE. The effect of acute stress on salivary markers of inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:887-900. [PMID: 32371089 PMCID: PMC7478864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary biomarkers of inflammation are increasingly used in stress research. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a quantitative summary of changes in salivary inflammatory markers in response to acute stress. METHOD The review included 1558 participants (42 unique samples, 33 studies) obtained through electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase), reference treeing, and articles identified by a 2015 review on a similar topic. To be eligible, articles had to be quantitative and assess change in at least one biomarker of salivary inflammation in response to acute stress in adults. The primary outcome was magnitude of change in inflammatory biomarkers (Cohen's d for repeated measures [dav]). RESULTS Measures of salivary inflammation included: C-reactive protein (CRP), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-21, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Cytokines IL-6 (k = 26, dav = 0.27), IL-10 (k = 11, dav = 0.34), TNF-α (k = 10, dav = 0.57), and IFN-γ (k = 6, dav = 0.28) significantly increased in response to stress. Post hoc sensitivity analyses revealed that IL-1β (k = 19, dav = 0.16) and IL-8 (k = 7, dav = 0.30) also increased from pre- to post-stress, but findings with IFN-γ did not hold after removing one outlier study. Examination of moderators suggested that study methodology and sample demographics moderated some associations. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis revealed that certain salivary inflammatory cytokines increase in response to acute stress. Significant heterogeneity in results and moderator analyses suggest need for standardization of research protocols. Directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Z Szabo
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA; Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Danica C Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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Lucas T, Riis JL, Buchalski Z, Drolet CE, Dawadi A, Granger DA. Reactivity of salivary uric acid in response to social evaluative stress in African Americans. Biol Psychol 2020; 153:107882. [PMID: 32220569 PMCID: PMC7269824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High uric acid (UA) is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), both of which occur disproportionately among African Americans. High UA also predicts greater blood pressure reactivity responses to acute social stress. However, whether UA itself shows reactivity in response to stress is unknown. We evaluated salivary uric acid (sUA) and blood pressure reactivity in response to acute social stress. Healthy African Americans (N = 103; 32 % male; M age = 31.36 years), completed the Trier Social Stress Test. sUA and blood pressure measurements were taken before, during and after the stressor task. sUA showed significant reactivity and recovery, especially among older African Americans. Total sUA activation was also associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure total activation. Findings illuminate that acute stress may be a way in which UA is implicated in hypertension and CVD, suggesting a critical need to explore UA reactivity as a novel parameter of the acute stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Lucas
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, B636, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States.
| | - Jenna L Riis
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States; Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States
| | - Zachary Buchalski
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, United States
| | - Caroline E Drolet
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, United States
| | - Anurag Dawadi
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, United States
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States; Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, United States; Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0156, United States
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11
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Rahal D, Chiang JJ, Bower JE, Irwin MR, Venkatraman J, Fuligni AJ. Subjective social status and stress responsivity in late adolescence. Stress 2020; 23:50-59. [PMID: 31204553 PMCID: PMC6917998 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1626369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective social status (SSS) reflects one's perception of one's standing within society. SSS has been linked with health outcomes, over and above socioeconomic status, and is thought to influence health in part by shaping stress responsivity. To test this, the present study examined the links between SSS and psychological, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and cardiovascular responsivity in a sample of 87 ethnically diverse late adolescents (Mage = 18.39 years). Participants rated their family's SSS while either in high school (n = 50) or 1 year afterward (n = 37). Participants completed the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) and reported their fear during baseline and after task completion, provided six saliva samples throughout the task, and had their heart rate monitored continuously throughout the task. Multilevel models, with time points nested within participants, were conducted to assess reactivity and recovery for each outcome. Results indicated that lower SSS was associated with greater fear reactivity and faster rates of HPA axis reactivity and recovery to baseline. Regarding cardiovascular responses, no differences were observed with respect to heart rate. Lower SSS predicted increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia during the stress task only among participants who rated their SSS while in high school; no association was observed for those who rated SSS after high school. Results suggest that perceptions of one's family's standing in society can shape responses to stress and potentially broader health.HighlightsSubjective social status (SSS) was linked with differences in stress responsivity. Specifically, lower SSS was associated with greater increases in fear following an acute stressor and faster rates of cortisol reactivity and recovery. Adolescents with lower SSS in high school showed less cardiovascular reactivity and recovery with respect to respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a marker of parasympathetic nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica J. Chiang
- Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Julienne E. Bower
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center of Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center of Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jaahnavee Venkatraman
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew J. Fuligni
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center of Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Nelson BW, Bernstein R, Allen NB, Laurent HK. The quality of early infant‐caregiver relational attachment and longitudinal changes in infant inflammation across 6 months. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:674-683. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosemary Bernstein
- Department of Psychology University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Heidemarie K. Laurent
- Department of Psychology University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
- Department of Psychology University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Champaign IL USA
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13
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Woerner J, Lucas T, Pierce J, Riis JL, Granger DA. Salivary uric acid: Associations with resting and reactive blood pressure response to social evaluative stress in healthy African Americans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:19-26. [PMID: 30399459 PMCID: PMC6379116 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High levels of uric acid are associated with greater risk of stress-related cardiovascular illnesses that occur disproportionately among African Americans. Whether hyperuricemia affects biological response to acute stress remains largely unknown, suggesting a need to clarify this potential connection. The current study examined how salivary uric acid (sUA) is associated with resting and reactive blood pressure - two robust predictors of hypertension and related cardiovascular disease and disparity. Healthy African Americans (N = 107; 32% male; M age = 31.74 years), completed the Trier Social Stress Test to induce social-evaluative stress. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were recorded before, during, and after the task to assess resting and reactive change in blood pressure. Participants also provided a saliva sample at baseline that was assayed for sUA. At rest, and controlling for age, sUA was modestly associated with higher systolic (r = .201, p = .044), but not diastolic (r = .100, p = .319) blood pressure. In response to the stressor task, and once again controlling for age, sUA was also associated with higher total activation of both systolic (r = .219, p = .025) and diastolic blood pressure (r = .198, p < .044). A subsequent moderation analysis showed that associations between sUA and BP measures were significant for females, but not for males. Findings suggest that uric acid may be implicated in hypertension and cardiovascular health disparities through associations with elevated blood pressure responses to acute social stress, and that low levels of uric acid might be protective, particularly for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Woerner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 389 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Todd Lucas
- Division of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1(st) Street, Flint, MI, 48502, United States; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, United States; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG., Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States.
| | - Jennifer Pierce
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 325 E. Eisenhower Pkwy Ste. 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, United States
| | - Jenna L Riis
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG., Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG., Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States; Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0156, United States
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14
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15
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Casad BJ, Petzel ZW. Heart Rate Variability Moderates Challenge and Threat Reactivity to Sexism Among Women in STEM. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Using a biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat, we tested resting heart rate variability (HRV) as a moderator of physiological reactivity after experiencing sexism. Women science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors participated in a mock interview in which the male interviewer made a sexist or neutral comment. Resting HRV moderated physiological stress reactivity among women in the sexism condition, but not control, indicating lower resting HRV predicted greater physiological threat than challenge and higher resting HRV predicted greater physiological challenge than threat during the interview. These findings support the emotion regulation properties of HRV as applied to a biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. Higher resting HRV may be adaptive for women experiencing sexism in male-dominated contexts like STEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina J. Casad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zachary W. Petzel
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, MO, USA
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16
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Martínez AD, Ruelas L, Granger DA. Household fear of deportation in relation to chronic stressors and salivary proinflammatory cytokines in Mexican-origin families post-SB 1070. SSM Popul Health 2018; 5:188-200. [PMID: 30073186 PMCID: PMC6068082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sociologists recognize that immigration enforcement policies are forms of institutionalized racism that can produce adverse health effects in both undocumented and documented Latinos and Mexican-origin persons in the United States. Despite this important advancement, little research examines the relationship between fear of immigration enforcement and biobehavioral health in mixed-status Mexican-origin families. This study applies an embodiment of racism approach to examine how household fear of deportation (FOD) is related to differences in salivary proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β , IL-6, IL-8, and TNF α ) in healthy Mexican-origin families with at least one immigrant, living in Phoenix, AZ. Participants were 111 individuals (n=46 adults, 72% female; n=65 children, 49% female) from 30 low-income, mixed-status families. During a home visit, anthropometric measures and saliva were collected from each family member and a household survey was administered. Saliva was assayed for salivary IL-1 β , IL-6, IL-8, and TNF α . Random effects multilevel structural equation models estimated the relationship between household FOD and a salivary proinflammatory cytokine latent variable between families, while controlling for other chronic stressors (economic/occupational, immigration, parental, and family conflict). Household FOD ( β =0.68, p=0.04) and family conflict chronic stress ( β =1.96, p=0.03) were strongly related to elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines between families. These results were consistent in non-mixed and mixed-status families. Future research is needed to characterize what aspects of living with an undocumented family member shape the physical health outcomes of persons with authorized status or US-citizenship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airín D Martínez
- Yale University, The Ethnicity, Race and Migration & American Studies, 35 Broadway, Room 210, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,University of Massachusetts-Amherst, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Department of Health Promotion & Policy, USA
| | - Lillian Ruelas
- Arizona State University Admissions Services Tempe, AZ. 85281, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, School of Nursing, and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Saliva Bioscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
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17
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Haufler AJ, Lewis GF, Davila MI, Westhelle F, Gavrilis J, Bryce CI, Kolacz J, Granger DA, McDaniel W. Biobehavioral Insights into Adaptive Behavior in Complex and Dynamic Operational Settings: Lessons learned from the Soldier Performance and Effective, Adaptable Response Task. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 4:217. [PMID: 29459893 PMCID: PMC5807340 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the biobehavioral correlates of adaptive behavior in the context of a standardized laboratory-based mission-relevant challenge [the Soldier Performance and Effective, Adaptable Response (SPEAR) task]. Participants were 26 healthy male volunteers (M = 34.85 years, SD = 4.12) with active military duty and leadership experience within the last 5 years (i.e., multiple leadership positions, operational deployments in combat, interactions with civilians and partner nation forces on the battlefield, experience making decisions under fire). The SPEAR task simultaneously engages perception, cognition, and action aspects of human performance demands similar to those encountered in the operational setting. Participants must engage with military-relevant text, visual, and auditory stimuli, interpret new information, and retain the commander’s intent in working memory to create a new plan of action for mission success. Time-domain measures of heart period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were quantified, and saliva was sampled [later assayed for cortisol and alpha-amylase (sAA)] before-, during-, and post-SPEAR. Results revealed a predictable pattern of withdraw and recovery of the cardiac vagal tone during repeated presentation of battlefield challenges. Recovery of vagal inhibition following executive function challenge was strongly linked to better task-related performance. Rate of RSA recovery was also associated with better recall of the commander’s intent. Decreasing magnitude in the skin conductance response prior to the task was positively associated with better overall task-related performance. Lower levels of RSA were observed in participants who reported higher rates of combat deployments, and reduced RSA flexibility was associated with higher rates of casualty exposure. Greater RSA flexibility during SPEAR was associated with greater self-reported resilience. There was no consistent pattern of task-related change in cortisol or sAA. We conclude that individual differences in psychophysiological reactivity and regulation in response to an ecologically valid, military-relevant task are associated with performance-related adaptive behavior in this standardized operational setting. The implications for modern day warfare, where advancing our understanding of the nature of individual differences in adaptive problem solving is critical to mission success, fitness for duty, and other occupational health-related outcomes, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Haufler
- National Security Analysis Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Gregory F Lewis
- BrainBody Center for Psychophysiology and Bioengineering, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States.,Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Maria I Davila
- BrainBody Center for Psychophysiology and Bioengineering, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Felipe Westhelle
- National Security Analysis Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - James Gavrilis
- National Security Analysis Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States.,Gavrilis Research Group, Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Crystal I Bryce
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research (IISBR), University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jacek Kolacz
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research (IISBR), University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.,School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William McDaniel
- National Security Analysis Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
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18
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Plasma cortisol and oxytocin levels predict help-seeking intentions for depressive symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 87:159-165. [PMID: 29096223 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed individuals often refuse or withdraw from help, a phenomenon termed help-negation, which is a risk factor for poor outcomes. Most previous research has investigated psychosocial factors including stigma as causes of low help-seeking intentions for depression, however these do not adequately explain the problem. We hypothesised that because help-negation worsens with symptom severity, it might be linked to important biological changes associated with depression itself. We investigated the relative contributions of cortisol, a stress hormone linked to depression, and oxytocin, a hormone which mediates social behaviours, alongside psychosocial factors, to help-seeking intentions among depressed and non-depressed individuals. METHODS Morning plasma cortisol and oxytocin levels, psychopathology, suicidal ideation, help-seeking intentions from informal sources including family and friends, and formal sources including health professionals, and perceived social support were quantified in 63 adults meeting DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) who were not receiving any treatment, and 60 healthy controls. Between-group analyses of variance, correlations, and hierarchical multiple regressions were employed. RESULTS Help-seeking intentions were lower in depressed than healthy participants, negatively correlated to cortisol and positively correlated to oxytocin. Cortisol negatively, and oxytocin positively, predicted help-seeking intentions from informal but not formal sources, after controlling for psychopathology and psychosocial factors. CONCLUSIONS Neuroendocrine changes associated with depression may contribute to low help-seeking from friends and family, which may have implications for interpersonal support and outcomes. Research and clinical approaches which incorporate biological as well as psychosocial factors may allow for more targeted and effective early interventions to address lack of help-seeking and depression progression.
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19
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Nelson BW, Byrne ML, Simmons JG, Whittle S, Schwartz OS, O'Brien‐Simpson NM, Walsh KA, Reynolds EC, Allen NB. Adolescent temperament dimensions as stable prospective risk and protective factors for salivary C‐reactive protein. Br J Health Psychol 2017; 23:186-207. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian G. Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Victoria Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Victoria Australia
| | - Orli S. Schwartz
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Victoria Australia
| | | | - Katrina A. Walsh
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health CRC The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Eric C. Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health CRC The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Nicholas B. Allen
- Department of Psychology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Orygen Research Centre Centre for Youth Mental Health University of Melbourne Victoria Australia
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20
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Suarez EC, Sundy JS. The cortisol:C-reactive protein ratio and negative affect reactivity in depressed adults. Health Psychol 2017; 36:852-862. [PMID: 28650200 PMCID: PMC6029876 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of the cortisol (CORT) to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ratio on stress-induced negative affect (NA) reactivity and whether the association was moderated by depressive symptom severity and gender. The CORT/CRP ratio was used to evaluate the integrity of the negative feedback loop between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammatory response system. METHOD Basal CORT and hsCRP levels were measured in fasting blood samples from 198 medication-free and nonsmoking healthy men and women. Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). NA ratings were collected at baseline and at the completion of the laboratory stressors, the Anger Recall Interview (ARI) and reading. RESULTS Adjusting for potential confounders and baseline NA, analysis revealed a significant relationship between CORT/CRP ratio and NA reactivity to ARI as a function of depressive symptom severity. Simple effects revealed that for participants with high HAMD, decreasing CORT/CRP ratio, suggestive of an insufficient CORT release relative to higher hsCRP, predicted increasing stress-induced NA reactivity. For participants with low HAMD, the CORT/CRP ratio failed to predict NA reactivity. Gender did not moderate the joint effect of depressive symptom severity and the CORT/CRP ratio on stress-induced NA reactivity. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to document that a premorbid dysregulation of the neuro-immune relationship, characterized by an insufficient release of CORT in conjunction with higher CRP, plays a role in stress sensitivity, and specifically NA reactivity, in individuals with elevated levels of depression symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
| | - John S Sundy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
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21
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Ge F, Pietromonaco PR, DeBuse CJ, Powers SI, Granger DA. Concurrent and prospective associations between HPA axis activity and depression symptoms in newlywed women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 73:125-132. [PMID: 27494071 PMCID: PMC5048568 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the extent to which individual differences in activity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) are associated with depressive symptoms among newlywed couples. Participants were 218 couples (M age 28.4 years; 94% White) who provided 5 saliva samples (later assayed for cortisol and DHEA-S) before and after participation in a discussion of a major area of disagreement in their relationship. Depressive symptoms were assessed initially, and approximately 19- and 37-months later. Results revealed an interactive effect suggesting that concordant levels of cortisol and DHEA-S (either both high or both low) were concurrently and prospectively associated with higher depression scores. Interestingly, this interactive effect was observed for wives only - not for husbands. These observations underscore contemporary theoretical assumptions that the expression of the association between HPA activity and depression is dependent on factors related to the interaction between characteristics of the person and features of the social environment, and moderated by co-occurring variation in endocrine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Ge
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Paula R Pietromonaco
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Casey J DeBuse
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sally I Powers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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22
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Brown CA, Cardoso C, Ellenbogen MA. A meta-analytic review of the correlation between peripheral oxytocin and cortisol concentrations. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 43:19-27. [PMID: 27836673 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The stress dampening effects of exogenous oxytocin in humans have been well documented. However, the relation between endogenous oxytocin and cortisol is poorly understood. We conducted a meta-analysis on the correlation between oxytocin and cortisol levels measured at baseline (k=24, N=739). The effect size for the baseline correlation statistic was small (Pearson r=0.163, p=0.008), with high heterogeneity (I2=67.88%). Moderation analysis revealed that studies where participants anticipated an experimental manipulation evidenced a greater positive correlation compared to those that did not (Pearson r=0.318, p=0.006). A supplementary analysis including additional studies indicated that oxytocin levels in unextracted samples were 60 times higher when using this questionable practice. The findings suggest that the interplay between oxytocin and cortisol is dynamic and sensitive to the anticipation of stress or novelty. Furthermore, extraction of oxytocin appears to be an essential methodological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Brown
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher Cardoso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Mark A Ellenbogen
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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23
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Walker A, McKune A, Ferguson S, Pyne DB, Rattray B. Chronic occupational exposures can influence the rate of PTSD and depressive disorders in first responders and military personnel. EXTREME PHYSIOLOGY & MEDICINE 2016; 5:8. [PMID: 27429749 PMCID: PMC4947320 DOI: 10.1186/s13728-016-0049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First responders and military personnel experience rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) far in excess of the general population. Although exposure to acute traumatic events plays a role in the genesis of these disorders, in this review, we present an argument that the occupational and environmental conditions where these workers operate are also likely contributors. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS First responders and military personnel face occupational exposures that have been associated with altered immune and inflammatory activity. In turn, these physiological responses are linked to altered moods and feelings of well-being which may provide priming conditions that compromise individual resilience, and increase the risk of PTSD and depression when subsequently exposed to acute traumatic events. These exposures include heat, smoke, and sleep restriction, and physical injury often alongside heavy physical exertion. Provided the stimulus is sufficient, these exposures have been linked to inflammatory activity and modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA), offering a mechanism for the high rates of PTSD and depressive disorders in these occupations. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS To test this hypothesis in the future, a case-control approach is suggested that compares individuals with PTSD or depressive disorders with healthy colleagues in a retrospective framework. This approach should characterise the relationships between altered immune and inflammatory activity and health outcomes. Wearable technology, surveys, and formal experimentation in the field will add useful data to these investigations. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS Inflammatory changes, linked with occupational exposures in first responders and military personnel, would highlight the need for a risk management approach to work places. Risk management strategies could focus on reducing exposure, ensuring recovery, and increasing resilience to these risk contributors to minimise the rates of PTSD and depressive disorders in vulnerable occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Walker
- />University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- />Australian Capital Territory Fire & Rescue, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew McKune
- />University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- />Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sally Ferguson
- />Appleton Institute, School of Human Health and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David B. Pyne
- />Australian Capital Territory Fire & Rescue, Canberra, Australia
- />Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ben Rattray
- />Australian Capital Territory Fire & Rescue, Canberra, Australia
- />Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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