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Noor RS, Shah AN, Tahir MB, Umair M, Nawaz M, Ali A, Ercisli S, Abdelsalam NR, Ali HM, Yang SH, Ullah S, Assiri MA. Recent Trends and Advances in Additive-Mediated Composting Technology for Agricultural Waste Resources: A Comprehensive Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8632-8653. [PMID: 38434807 PMCID: PMC10905604 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture waste has increased annually due to the global food demand and intensive animal production. Preventing environmental degradation requires fast and effective agricultural waste treatment. Aerobic digestion or composting uses agricultural wastes to create a stabilized and sterilized organic fertilizer and reduces chemical fertilizer input. Indeed, conventional composting technology requires a large surface area, a long fermentation period, significant malodorous emissions, inferior product quality, and little demand for poor end results. Conventional composting loses a lot of organic nitrogen and carbon. Thus, this comprehensive research examined sustainable and adaptable methods for improving agricultural waste composting efficiency. This review summarizes composting processes and examines how compost additives affect organic solid waste composting and product quality. Our findings indicate that additives have an impact on the composting process by influencing variables including temperature, pH, and moisture. Compost additive amendment could dramatically reduce gas emissions and mineral ion mobility. Composting additives can (1) improve the physicochemical composition of the compost mixture, (2) accelerate organic material disintegration and increase microbial activity, (3) reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions to reduce nitrogen (N) losses, and (4) retain compost nutrients to increase soil nutrient content, maturity, and phytotoxicity. This essay concluded with a brief summary of compost maturity, which is essential before using it as an organic fertilizer. This work will add to agricultural waste composting technology literature. To increase the sustainability of agricultural waste resource utilization, composting strategies must be locally optimized and involve the created amendments in a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shahzad Noor
- Department
of Agriculture, Biological, Environment and Energy Engineering, College
of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Faculty
of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department
of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed
University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Tahir
- Institute
of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Faculty
of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department
of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed
University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amjed Ali
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural
Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Assiri
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Cataldo E, Fucile M, Manzi D, Masini CM, Doni S, Mattii GB. Sustainable Soil Management: Effects of Clinoptilolite and Organic Compost Soil Application on Eco-Physiology, Quercitin, and Hydroxylated, Methoxylated Anthocyanins on Vitis vinifera. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:708. [PMID: 36840056 PMCID: PMC9967315 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and compostinS1g methods have an important junction on the phenological and ripening grapevine phases. Moreover, the optimization of these composting methods in closed-loop corporate chains can skillfully address the waste problem (pomace, stalks, and pruning residues) in viticultural areas. Owing to the ongoing global warming, in many wine-growing regions, there has been unbalanced ripening, with tricky harvests. Excessive temperatures in fact impoverish the anthocyanin amount of the must while the serious water deficits do not allow a correct development of the berry, stopping its growth processes. This experiment was created to improve the soil management and the quality of the grapes, through the application of a new land conditioner (Zeowine) to the soil, derived from the compost processes of industrial wine, waste, and zeolite. Three treatments on a Sangiovese vineyard were conducted: Zeowine (ZW) (30 tons per ha), Zeolite (Z) (10 tons per ha), and Compost (C) (20 tons per ha). During the two seasons (2021-2022), measurements were made of single-leaf gas exchange and leaf midday water potential, as well as chlorophyll fluorescence. In addition, the parameters of plant yield, yeast assimilable nitrogen, technological maturity, fractionation of anthocyanins (Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Delphinidin-3-glucoside, Malvidin-3-acetylglucoside, Malvidin-3-cumarylglucoside, Malvidin-3-glucoside, Peonidin-3-acetylglucoside, Peonidin-3-cumarylglucoside, Peonidin-3-glucoside, and Petunidin-3-glucoside), Caffeic Acid, Coumaric Acid, Gallic Acid, Ferulic Acid, Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, and Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide were analyzed. The Zeowine and zeolite showed less negative water potential, higher photosynthesis, and lower leaf temperature. Furthermore, they showed higher levels of anthocyanin accumulation and a lower level of quercetin. Finally, the interaction of the beneficial results of Zeowine (soil and grapevines) was evidenced by the embellishment of the nutritional and water efficiency, the minimizing of the need for fertilizers, the closure of the production cycle of waste material from the supply chain, and the improvement of the quality of the wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cataldo
- DAGRI, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Maddalena Fucile
- DAGRI, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Doni
- CNR IRET, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Giovan Battista Mattii
- DAGRI, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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Gondek K, Micek P, Mierzwa-Hersztek M, Kowal J, Andres K, Szczurowska K, Lis M, Smoroń K. Effects of Functionalized Materials and Bacterial Metabolites on Quality Indicators in Composts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8564. [PMID: 36500059 PMCID: PMC9739554 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The addition of functionalized materials (biochar, zeolite, and diatomite) and lyophilized metabolic products of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis to composted biomass may bring many technological and environmental benefits. In this study, we verify the effects of biochar, zeolite Na-P1 (Na6Si10Al6O32·12 H2O), diatomite (SiO2_nH2O), and bacterial metabolites on the composting of biomass prepared from poultry litter, corn straw, grass, leonardite, and brown coal. The experimental design included the following treatments: C-biomass without the addition of functionalized materials and bacterial metabolites, CB-biomass with the addition of biochar, CBM-biomass with the addition of biochar and bacterial metabolites, CZ-biomass with the addition of zeolite, CZM-biomass with the addition of zeolite and bacterial metabolites, CD-biomass with the addition of diatomite, and CDM-biomass with the addition of diatomite and bacterial metabolites. Composts were analyzed for enzymatic and respiratory activities, mobility of heavy metals, and the presence of parasites. The results of this study revealed that, among the analyzed functionalized materials, the addition of diatomite to the composted biomass (CD and CDM) resulted in the most effective immobilization of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu. Zinc immobilization factors (IFHM) for diatomite-amended composts averaged 30%. For copper, each functionalized material was found to enhance mobilization of the element in bioavailable forms; similar observations were made for lead, except for the compost to which biochar and bacterial metabolites were added (CBM). The determined values of biochemical indicators proved the different effects of the applied functionalized materials and bacterial metabolites on the microbial communities colonizing individual composts. The dehydrogenase activity (DhA) was lower in all combinations as compared with the control, indicating an intensification of the rate of processes in the studied composts. The highest basal respiration (BR) and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) activities were determined in composts with the addition of bacterial metabolites (CBM, CZM, and CDM). The addition of functionalized materials completely inactivated Eimeria sp. in all combinations. In the case of Capillaria sp., complete inactivation was recorded for the combination with zeolite as well as biochar and diatomite without bacterial metabolites (CB, CZ, and CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gondek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Micek
- Department of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kowal
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Andres
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczurowska
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Lis
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Smoroń
- Specialized Mining Company “Górtech” sp. z o. o., ul. Wielicka 50, 30-552 Krakow, Poland
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Li D, Manu MK, Varjani S, Wong JWC. Mitigation of NH 3 and N 2O emissions during food waste digestate composting at C/N ratio 15 using zeolite amendment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127465. [PMID: 35700892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Composting of food waste digestate (FWD) is challenging as it requires more bulking agents, and the nitrogen loss is inevitable. To address these issues, FWD composting was conducted at a relatively lower C/N ratio of 15 with zeolite amendment in the dosage range of 5-15%. The impact of zeolite addition on nitrogen loss, NH3 and N2O emissions was assessed during FWD composting. The results showed that the addition of 10-15% zeolite could significantly reduce the phytotoxic nature of FWD and the compost maturity level could be reached in 10-21 days. Furthermore, ∼45% total nitrogen loss could be reduced by mitigating NH3 and N2O emissions upon 10 and 15% zeolite amendment. The outcome of the present study could be used as an effective strategy for composting FWD in any part of the world as the FWD characteristics are similar irrespective of the type of food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Li
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - M K Manu
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382010, Gujarat, India
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou 311800, China.
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5
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Al-Khadher SAA, Abdul Kadir A, Al-Gheethi AAS, Azhari NW. Takakura composting method for food wastes from small and medium industries with indigenous compost. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65513-65524. [PMID: 34322791 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current work aimed to study the physical, chemical and biological properties of food wastes generated from small and medium industries by using Takakura composting methods. Composting method was referred as indigenous compost (IC) and commercial compost (CC) reactors. The reactors were operated at 44 °C, pH (6 to 8.5) and 40 to 55 % of moisture for 22 weeks in closed environment using a carpet around the basket to avoid external disturbance. The results revealed that the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP) and potassium (K) in the IC reactors were 6300, 10.57 and 726.07 ppm, respectively, while 8400, 15.45 and 727.81 ppm, respectively, in the CC reactors. Moreover, both IC and CC has Cd2+, Cr2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ concentrations within the compost legislation standard (CLS). The findings of this study indicated that the composting method could be used as an alternative food waste management in small and medium industry and the Takakura composting method is suitable for food waste composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq Abdullah Abdo Al-Khadher
- Micro-pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aeslina Abdul Kadir
- Micro-pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi
- Micro-pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Wahidah Azhari
- Micro-pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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6
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Nasir A, Saleemi MK, Khan MZ, Khatoon A, UlHassan Z, ul Abidin Z, Ahmad W, Bhatti SA, Khan MM, Jamil T, Fatima Z, Ahmed I, Khan A. Effects of hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicates (HSCAS) in experimentally induced cadmium toxicity in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1925695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Affan Nasir
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor UlHassan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mairaj Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Jamil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Zahida Fatima
- Animal Science Division, Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, UVAS Sub Campus Jhang, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, PR China
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7
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Kauser H, Pal S, Haq I, Khwairakpam M. Evaluation of rotary drum composting for the management of invasive weed Mikania micrantha Kunth and its toxicity assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123678. [PMID: 32570078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mikania micrantha Kunth is an abhorrent weed that destroys agricultural output. It contains toxic compounds that are detrimental to the natural ecosystem and have negative impacts on the economic and aesthetic aspects of the environment. This study depicts the treatment and management of this plant by in-vessel composting using a 550 L rotary drum composter. Six different mix proportions of biomass, cow dung, and sawdust were used for the study. Rotary drum (RD2) with 2.71% has the highest Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN). Total Organic Carbon (TOC) decreased to 19.72% at the end of the 20th day. Final C/N ratio falls between 7 and 14 in all the reactors. The phytotoxicity test of Mikania was evaluated using Vigna radiata and Allium cepa. The findings of the study suggest that Mikania can be efficiently utilised to produce mature and stable compost that might be recommended for field application as the process can reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Kauser
- Centre for the Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Subhradip Pal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Izharul Haq
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Meena Khwairakpam
- Centre for the Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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8
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Qu J, Zhang L, Zhang X, Gao L, Tian Y. Biochar combined with gypsum reduces both nitrogen and carbon losses during agricultural waste composting and enhances overall compost quality by regulating microbial activities and functions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123781. [PMID: 32652451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an efficient method for treating agricultural wastes. This study investigated the effects of the addition of biochar (B) and gypsum (G) to straw mixed with chicken manure (SC) (i.e. SC, SC + B, SC + G and SC + B + G) on composting performance at different initial C/N ratios (20, 25 and 30). In general, biochar combined with gypsum (BCG) efficiently shortened composting time and reduced N loss, C loss and potential ecological risk. It also enhanced lignocellulose decomposition, nutrient retention and the overall compost quality expressed by a compost quality index (CQI), and increased the biomass of four different test crops. The BCG-induced increase in CQI was closely associated with microbial enzyme activities and C catabolic profiles. These results indicated that the combination of biochar and gypsum is more effective than each single additive during composting, and emphasized that microbial activities and functions play pivotal roles in determining compost quality and thereby agronomic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Germplasm Resources, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Huanghe East Road No. 590, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institute of Germplasm Resources, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Huanghe East Road No. 590, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Bacterial and Fungal Community Dynamics and Shaping Factors During Agricultural Waste Composting with Zeolite and Biochar Addition. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal communities play significant roles in waste biodegradation and nutrient reservation during composting. Biochar and zeolite were widely reported to directly or indirectly promote microbial growth. Therefore, the effects of zeolite and biochar on the abundance and structure of bacterial and fungal communities and their shaping factors during the composting of agricultural waste were studied. Four treatments were carried out as follows: Run A as the control without any addition, Run B with zeolite (5%), Run C with biochar (5%), and Run D with zeolite (5%) and biochar (5%), respectively. The bacterial and fungal community structures were detected by high-throughput sequencing. Redundancy analysis was used for determining the relationship between community structure and physico-chemical parameters. The results indicated that the addition of biochar and zeolite changed the physico-chemical parameters (e.g., pile temperature, pH, total organic matter, ammonium, nitrate, and water-soluble carbon) during the composting process. Zeolite and biochar significantly changed the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal populations. Moreover, the bacterial community rather than the fungal community was sensitive to the biochar and zeolite addition during the composting process. Community phylogenetic characteristics showed that Nocardiopsaceae, Bacillaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae were the predominant bacterial species at the family-level. Chaetomiaceae and Trichocomaceae were the two most dominant fungal species. The pH, total organic matter, and nitrate were the most important factors affecting the bacterial and fungal population changes during the composting process.
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10
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Effects of Zeolite and Biochar Addition on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea Communities during Agricultural Waste Composting. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of zeolite and biochar addition on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) communities during agricultural waste composting were determined in this study. Four treatments were conducted as follows: Treatment A as the control with no additive, Treatment B with 5% of zeolite, Treatment C with 5% of biochar, and Treatment D with 5% of zeolite and 5% biochar, respectively. The AOB and AOA amoA gene abundance as well as the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity were estimated by quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The relationship between gene abundance and AMO enzyme activity was determined by regression analysis. Results indicated that the AOB was more abundant than that of AOA throughout the composting process. Addition of biochar and its integrated application with zeolite promoted the AOB community abundance and AMO enzyme activity. Significant positive relationships were obtained between AMO enzyme activity and AOB community abundance (r2 = 0.792; P < 0.01) and AOA community abundance (r2 = 0.772; P < 0.01), indicating that both bacteria and archaea played significant roles in microbial ammonia oxidation during composting. Using biochar and zeolite might promote the nitrification activity by altering the sample properties during agricultural waste composting.
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11
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Montalvo S, Huiliñir C, Borja R, Sánchez E, Herrmann C. Application of zeolites for biological treatment processes of solid wastes and wastewaters - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122808. [PMID: 31987490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review reports the use of zeolites in biological processes such as anaerobic digestion, nitrification, denitrification and composting, review that has not been proposed yet. It was found that aerobic processes (activated sludge, nitrification, Anammox) use zeolites as ion-exchanger and biomass carriers in order to improve the seattlebility, the biomass growth on zeolite surface and the phosphorous removal. In the case of anaerobic digestion and composting, zeolites are mainly used with the aim of retaining inhibitors such as ammonia and heavy metals through ion-exchange. The inclusion of zeolite effect on mathematical models applied in biological processes is still an area that should be improved, including also the life cycle analysis of the processes that include zeolites. At the same time, the application of zeolites at industrial or full-scale is still very scarce in anaerobic digestion, being more common in nitrogen removal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Montalvo
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ave. Lib. Bdo ÓHiggins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - C Huiliñir
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ave. Lib. Bdo ÓHiggins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - R Borja
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide - Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - E Sánchez
- Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Calle 2 No 124 e/ 1ra y 3ra Miramar, La Habana, Cuba
| | - C Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Alle 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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12
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Liu J, de Neergaard A, Jensen LS. Increased retention of available nitrogen during thermal drying of solids of digested sewage sludge and manure by acid and zeolite addition. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 100:306-317. [PMID: 31574459 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermal drying is an increasingly common post-treatment for digestate-solids, but prone to N losses via ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Acidification with strong acids prior to drying may retain ammonium (NH4+) in the solids. Natural zeolites can provide adsorption sites for exchangeable cations as ammonium and porosity for free ammonia, which has the potential to contribute to higher N retention in the dried solids. The present study investigated whether the zeolite addition increases NH4+-N retention during thermal drying of two digestate solids (manure based, MDS; sewage sludge based, SDS), and whether any synergistic effects of combining acidification with sulfuric acid and the addition of zeolite exist. Operating conditions included four pH levels (non-acidified control, adjusted to 8.0, 7.5, 6.5 with concentrated sulfuric acid), four zeolite addition rates (0%, 1%, 5% and 10%), fixed drying temperature (130 °C) and fixed air ventilation rate (headspace exchange rate of 286 times hour-1). Zeolite addition significantly increased NH4+-N retention from 18.0% of initial NH4+-N in the non-acidified control up to a maximum of 57.4% for MDS, and from 76.6% to 94.5% for SDS. No positive synergistic effect between acidification and zeolite addition was observed, with acidification being the dominant. Nevertheless, zeolite has the potential to be a safe and easy-to-handle alternative to concentrated sulfuric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingna Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Stoumann Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Application of zeolites in organic waste composting: A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Jain MS, Paul S, Kalamdhad AS. Interplay of physical and chemical properties during in-vessel degradation of sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 98:58-68. [PMID: 31430701 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge produced is either applied to land or used as fertilizer for crops or disposed of in landfills, causing several environmental problems. Recent studies revealed that composting is a proven technology in reducing organic content, heavy metals, and harmful pathogens, improving the nutritional value of sewage sludge, which is useful for crops. But studies on variation in physical properties are rare. Composting physics or physical properties during composting plays a vital role from handling, management, and utilization of end product, i.e., compost. This study mainly deals with the detailed information on physics involved during the degradation process, which is crucial for land and geotechnical applications. In the present study, sewage sludge was used as a composting substrate in 550 L in-vessel rotary drum composter. Emphasis was given in deciphering the changes in physical parameters such as bulk density, porosity, and air-filled porosity and few chemical parameters during the composting process. Besides, a relationship between different physical properties during rotary drum composting was investigated statistically. Bulk density was observed to have increased from 643 to 707 kg m-3 as a result of volume reduction of compost matrix. Moreover, the gravimetric moisture content was found to be less than 45% in the end product, which is recommended for compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Shirish Jain
- School of Construction Management, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune 411035, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Siddhartha Paul
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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15
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Waqas M, Nizami AS, Aburiazaiza AS, Barakat MA, Asam ZZ, Khattak B, Rashid MI. Untapped potential of zeolites in optimization of food waste composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 241:99-112. [PMID: 30986667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of zeolites in optimizing the process of food waste composting. A novel method of sequential hydrothermal was introduced to modify the natural zeolite and apply to in-vessel compost bioreactors. Raw and modified natural zeolites were applied at 10 and 15% (w/w) of the total waste and compared with un-amended control trial. Both raw and modified zeolites affected the composting process, but the notable results were observed for modified natural zeolite. The results for compost stability parameters were prominent at 15% modified natural zeolite concentration. The rapid and long-term thermophillic temperature and moisture content reduction to the optimum range was observed for modified natural zeolite. Furthermore, the total ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) concentration in modified natural zeolite were increased by 11.1 and 21.5% respectively as compared to raw zeolite. Compost stability against moisture contents (MC), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matters (OM), total carbon (TC), mineral nitrogen, nitrification index (NI) and germination index (GI) was achieved after 60 days of composting that was in accordance with the international compost quality standards. The findings of this study suggested the suitability of modified natural zeolite addition at 15% to the total waste as the optimum ratio for the composting of food waste in order to achieve a stable nutrient-rich compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waqas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, 26000, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - A S Nizami
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A S Aburiazaiza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Barakat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Central Metallurgical R & D Institute, Helwan 11421, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Z Z Asam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - B Khattak
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - M I Rashid
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Nozhevnikova AN, Mironov VV, Botchkova EA, Litti YV, Russkova YI. Composition of a Microbial Community at Different Stages of Composting and the Prospects for Compost Production from Municipal Organic Waste (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Zhou G, Qiu X, Chen L, Zhang C, Ma D, Zhang J. Succession of organics metabolic function of bacterial community in response to addition of earthworm casts and zeolite in maize straw composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:229-238. [PMID: 30772635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Succession and metabolism functions of bacterial communities were determined in maize straw composting with earthworm casts and zeolite addition by using high-throughput sequencing, Biolog and PICRUSt. Results showed that earthworm casts and zeolite addition increased the temperature, decreased NH4+ contents and affected bacterial community structure. The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Betaproteobacteria increased with earthworm casts and zeolite addition in the late stage. The abundances of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism were increased by these two additives in the early stage, but decreased in the late stage. Network analysis demonstrated that members of Bacillaceae were identified as the keystone taxa. Temperature showed negative relationship with Georgenia, while NH4+ exhibited positive associations with Georgenia, Devosia, Ruania and Mycobacterium. These results indicated that earthworm casts and zeolite addition benefitted the keystone species and enhanced the metabolism capacity of bacterial community, thereby improved the quality of compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Poyang Lake Eco-economy Research Center, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Xiuwen Qiu
- Poyang Lake Eco-economy Research Center, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; Office of Mountain-River-Lake Development Committee of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330046, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Congzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Donghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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18
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Qasim W, Moon BE, Okyere FG, Khan F, Nafees M, Kim HT. Influence of aeration rate and reactor shape on the composting of poultry manure and sawdust. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:633-645. [PMID: 30640581 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1569570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To achieve successful composting, all the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics need to be considered. The investigation of our study was based on various physicochemical properties, i.e., temperature, ammonia concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, organic matter (OM) content, moisture content, bacterial population, and seed germination index (GI), during the composting of poultry manure and sawdust for different aeration rates and reactor shapes. Three cylindrical-shaped and three rectangular-shaped pilot-scale 60-L composting reactors were used in this study, with aeration rates of 0.3 (low), 0.6 (medium), and 0.9 (high) L min-1 kg-1 DM (dry matter). All parameters were monitored over 21 days of composting. Results showed that the low aeration rate (0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DM) corresponded to a higher and longer thermophilic phase than did the high aeration rate (0.9 L min-1 kg-1 DM). Ammonia and carbon dioxide volatilization were directly related to the temperature profile of the substrate, with significant differences between the low and high aeration rates during weeks 2 and 3 of composting but no significant difference observed during week 1. At the end of our study, the final values of pH, EC, moisture content, C/N ratio, and organic matter in all compost reactors were lower than those at the start. The growth rates of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria were directly correlated with mesophilic and thermophilic conditions of the compost. The final GI of the cylindrical reactor with an airflow rate of 0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DM was 82.3%, whereas the GIs of the other compost reactors were below 80%. In this study, compost of a cylindrical reactor with a low aeration rate (0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DM) was more stable and mature than the other reactors. Implications: The poultry industry is growing in South Korea, but there are problems associated with the management of poultry manure, and composting is one solution that could be valuable for crops and forage if managed properly. For high-quality composting, the aeration rate in different reactor shapes must be considered. The objective of this study was to investigate various physicochemical properties with different aeration rates and rector shapes. Results showed that aeration rate of 0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DM in a cylindrical reactor provides better condition for maturation of compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Qasim
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
| | - Byeong Eun Moon
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
| | - Frank Gyan Okyere
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
| | - Fawad Khan
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
| | - Mohammad Nafees
- b Department of Environmental Science , University of Peshawar , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Hyeon Tae Kim
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
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Awasthi MK, Wang Q, Awasthi SK, Li R, Zhao J, Ren X, Wang M, Chen H, Zhang Z. Feasibility of medical stone amendment for sewage sludge co-composting and production of nutrient-rich compost. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 216:49-61. [PMID: 29357991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of medical stone (MS) amendment as an innovative additive for dewatered fresh sewage sludge (DFSS) co-composting was assessed using a 130-L vessel-scale composter. To verify successful composting, five treatments were designed with four different dosages (2, 4, 6, and 10) % of MS with a 1:1 mixture (dry weight) of DFSS + wheat straw (WS). The WS was used as a bulking agent. A control without any amendment treatment was carried out for the purpose of comparison. For DFSS co-composting, the amendment with MS improved the mineralization efficiency and compost quality in terms of CO2 emissions, dehydrogenase enzyme (DE), electrical conductivity (EC), water-solubility, and total nutrients transformation. The DTPA-extractable Cu and Zn were also estimated to confirm the immobilization ability of the applied MS. Seed germination and plant growth tests were conducted to ensure the compost stability and phytotoxicity for Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa chinensis L.) growth and biomass, as well as chlorophyll content. The results showed that during the bio-oxidative phase, DOC, DON, AP, NH4+-N, and NO3--N increased drastically in all the MS-blended treatments, except the application of 2% MS and the control treatment; significantly lower water-soluble nutrients were observed in the 2% MS and control treatments. A novel additive with 6-10% MS dosages considerably enhanced the organic matter conversion in the stable end-product (compost) and reduced the maturity period by two weeks compared to the 2% MS and control treatments. Consequently, the maturity parameters (e.g., EC, SGI, NH4+-N, DOC, and DON) confirmed that compost with 6-10% MS became more stable and mature within four weeks of DFSS co-composting. At the end of composting, significantly higher DTPA-extractable Cu and Zn contents were observed in the control treatment, and subsequently, in the very low application (10%) of MS. Higher MS dosage lowered the pH and EC to within the permissible limit compared to the control, while increased concentrations of water-soluble nutrients diminished the DTPA-extractable Cu and Zn contents. In addition, plant growth experiments demonstrated that the addition of compost with 150 kg ha-1 TKN improved the Chinese cabbage biomass and chlorophyll level. The highest dry weight biomass (2.78 ± 0.02 g/pot) was obtained with 6% MS-blended compost while the maximum chlorophyll content was found with application of 4% MS compost (41.84 SPAD-unit) for Chinese cabbage. Therefore, 6-10% MS can be recommended to improve DFSS composting and to reduce the period to maturity by two weeks when considering its composting effect on Chinese cabbage growth, biomass yield, and chlorophyll level. However, amendment with 6% MS is a more economically feasible approach for DFSS co-composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Junchao Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Meijing Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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20
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Waqas M, Almeelbi T, Nizami AS. Resource recovery of food waste through continuous thermophilic in-vessel composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5212-5222. [PMID: 28577144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Gulf region, a very small amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is treated for compost production. The produced compost through traditional methods of compost piles and trenches does not coincide with the international standards of compost quality. Therefore, in this study, a continuous thermophilic composting (CTC) method is introduced as a novel and efficient technique for treating food waste into a quality compost in a short period of time. The quality of the compost was examined by degradation rates of organic matter (OM), changes in total carbon (TC), ash contents, pH, dynamics in ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and nitrification index (NI). The results showed that thermophilic treatment at 60 °C increased the pH of the substrate and promoted degradation and mineralization process. After 30 days of composting, the degree of OM degradation was increased by 43.26 and 19.66%, NH4-N by 65.22 and 25.23%, and NO3-N by 44.76 and 40.05% as compared to runs treated at 25 and 40 °C, respectively. The stability of the compost was attained after 30 to 45 days with quality better than the compost that was stabilized after 60 days of the experiment under mesophilic treatment (25 °C). The final compost also showed stability at room temperature, confirming the rapid degradation and maturation of food waste after thermophilic treatment. Moreover, the quality of produced compost is in line with the compost quality standard of United States (US), California, Germany, and Austria. Hence, CTC can be implemented as a novel method for rapid decomposition of food waste into a stable organic fertilizer in the given hot climatic conditions of KSA and other Gulf countries with a total net saving of around US $70.72 million per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Waqas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Almeelbi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Awasthi MK, Wang Q, Chen H, Awasthi SK, Wang M, Ren X, Zhao J, Zhang Z. Beneficial effect of mixture of additives amendment on enzymatic activities, organic matter degradation and humification during biosolids co-composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:138-146. [PMID: 28946087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the effect of mixture of additives to improve the enzymatic activities, organic matter humification and diminished the bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) during biosolids co-composting. In this study, zeolite (Z) (10%, 15% and 30%) with 1%lime (L) (dry weight basis of biosolids) was blended into the mixture of biosolids and wheat straw, respectively. The without any amendment and 1%lime applied treatments were run for comparison (Control). The Z+L addition resulted rapid organic matter degradation and humification with maximum enzymatic activities. In addition, higher dosage of Z+1%L amendment reduced the bioavailability of HMs (Cu and Zn) and improved the end product quality as compared to control and 1%L applied treatments. However, the 30%Z+1%L applied treatment showed maximum humification and low bioavailability of HMs but considering the economic feasibility and compost quality results, the treatment with 10%Z+1%L is recommended for biosolids co-composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Meijing Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Junchao Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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Wang Q, Awasthi MK, Ren X, Zhao J, Li R, Wang Z, Chen H, Wang M, Zhang Z. Comparison of biochar, zeolite and their mixture amendment for aiding organic matter transformation and nitrogen conservation during pig manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:300-308. [PMID: 28898824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare the impact of biochar, zeolite and their mixture on nitrogen conservation and organic matter transformation during pig manure (PM) composting. Four treatments were set-up from PM mixed with wheat straw and then applied 10% biochar (B), 10% zeolite (Z) and 10% biochar+10% zeolite (B+Z) into composting mixtures (dry weight basis), while treatment without additives applied used as control. Results indicated that adding B, Z and B+Z could obviously (p<0.05) improve the organic matter degradation and decrease the nitrogen loss. And combined addition of B and Z further promoted the organic matter humification and reduced the heavy metals mobility. Meanwhile the highest mitigation of ammonia (63.40%) and nitrogen dioxide (78.13%) emissions was observed in B+Z added treatment. Comparison of organic matter transformation, nitrogen conservation and compost quality indicated that the combined use of biochar and zeolite could be more useful for PM composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Junchao Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Meijing Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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23
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Awasthi MK, Selvam A, Lai KM, Wong JWC. Critical evaluation of post-consumption food waste composting employing thermophilic bacterial consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:665-672. [PMID: 28917101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effect of single-function (oil degrading) and multi-functional bacterial consortium with zeolite as additive for post-consumption food waste (PCFW) composting was investigated through assessing the oil content reduction in a computer controlled 20-L composter. Three treatments of PCFWs combined with 10% zeolite were developed: Treatment-2 and Treatment-3 were inoculated with multi-functional (BC-1) and oil degrading bacterial consortium (BC-2), respectively, while T-1 was without bacterial inoculation and served as control. Results revealed that BC-2 inoculated treatment (T-3) was superior to control treatment and marginally better than T-2 in terms of oil degradation. The reduction of oil content was >97.8% in T-3 and 92.27% in T-2, while total organic matter degradation was marginally higher in T-2 (42.95%) than T-3 (41.67%). Other parameters of compost maturity including germination test indicated that T-2 was marginally better than T-3 and significantly enhanced the oily PCFW decomposition and shortened the composting period by 20days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ammaiyappan Selvam
- Department of Plant Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ka Man Lai
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Wang Q, Awasthi MK, Zhao J, Ren X, Li R, Wang Z, Wang M, Zhang Z. Improvement of pig manure compost lignocellulose degradation, organic matter humification and compost quality with medical stone. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:771-777. [PMID: 28711806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%) of medical stone (MS) on the lignocellulose degradation and organic matter humification during pig manure (PM) composting. The results indicated that the addition of MS drastically promoted the organic carbon and lignin degradation. Compared to the control, the decomposition rate of hemicellulose and cellulose was increased by 9.64-27.08% and 2.11-12.07% in MS added treatments. Meanwhile, MS amendment significantly improved the humification of composting process, and the humic acid contents in MS added treatments were 5.58-9.75% higher than control. The FTIR and synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated that the aromatization of final compost was promoted with increasing the MS amount. In addition, the application of MS blended composts could significantly improve the biomass and chlorophyll content of pachoi (Brassica chinensis L.). Due to the effective performance of MS, the 10.0% MS was suggested for PM composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Junchao Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Meijing Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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Kumar Awasthi M, Wang M, Pandey A, Chen H, Kumar Awasthi S, Wang Q, Ren X, Hussain Lahori A, Li DS, Li R, Zhang Z. Heterogeneity of zeolite combined with biochar properties as a function of sewage sludge composting and production of nutrient-rich compost. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 68:760-773. [PMID: 28623022 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, biochar combined with a higher dosage of zeolite (Z) and biochar (B) alone were applied as additives for dewatered fresh sewage sludge (DFSS) composting using 130-L working volume lab-scale reactors. We first observed that the addition of a mixture of B and Z to DFSS equivalent to 12%B+10% (Z-1), 15% (Z-2) and 30% (Z-3) zeolite (dry weight basis) worked synergistically as an amendment and increased the composting efficiency compared with a treatment of 12%B alone amended and a control without any amendment. In a composting reactor, the addition of B+Z may serve as a novel approach for improving DFSS composting and the quality of the end product in terms of the temperature, water-holding capacity, CO2 emissions, electrical conductivity, water-soluble and total macro-nutrient content and phytotoxicity. The results indicated that during the thermophilic phase, dissolved organic carbon, NH4+-N and NO3--N increased drastically in all biochar amended treatments, whereas considerably low water-soluble nutrients were observed in the control treatment throughout and at the end of the composting. Furthermore, the maturity parameters and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) indicated that compost with 12%B+15%Z became more mature and humified within 35days of DFSS composting, with the maturity parameters, such as CO2 evolution and the concentration of NH4+-N in the compost, being within the permissible limits of organic farming in contrast to the control. Furthermore, at the end of composting, the addition of higher dosage of biochar (12%) alone and 12% B+Z lowered the pH by 7.15 to 7.86 and the electrical conductivity by 2.65 to 2.95mScm-1 as compared to the control, while increased the concentrations of water-soluble nutrients (gkg-1) including available phosphorus, sodium and potassium. In addition, greenhouse experiments demonstrated that the treatment of 150kgha-1 biochar combined with zeolite and that of 12%B alone improved the yield of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa chinensis L.). The highest dry weight biomass (1.41±0.12g/pot) was obtained with 12%B+15%Z amended compost. Therefore, 12%B+15%Z can be potentially applied as an amendment to improve DFSS composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Meijing Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovative and Applied Bio-processing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | | | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Altaf Hussain Lahori
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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26
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Awasthi MK, Wang Q, Chen H, Wang M, Ren X, Zhao J, Li J, Guo D, Li DS, Awasthi SK, Sun X, Zhang Z. Evaluation of biochar amended biosolids co-composting to improve the nutrient transformation and its correlation as a function for the production of nutrient-rich compost. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 237:156-166. [PMID: 28169083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The influence of biochar amended dewatered fresh sewage sludge (DFSS)-wheat straw co-composting on nutrients transformation and end products quality was investigated. This is the first study to examine the biochar applied compost quality with different kgha-1 TKN on Brassica rapa L. growth. Seven mixtures were composted over 8-weeks period in 130-L reactor using the same DFSS with different concentration of biochar (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 12% and 18% on dry weight basis) and without additive added treatment served as control. The results indicated that compost with 8-12% biochar became more humified within 35days of composting, and the compost maturity parameters also showed that this could be much more feasible approach to increased water-soluble nutrients including NO3, DOC, DON, PO43-, K+ and Na+, but bioavailability of Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb content reduced as compared to control. Finally, results showed that 8-12% biochar was recommended for DFSS composting and 150kgha-1 TKN of compost dosages for organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Meijing Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Junchao Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Di Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | | | - Xining Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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Wong JWC, Karthikeyan OP, Selvam A. Biological nutrient transformation during composting of pig manure and paper waste. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:754-761. [PMID: 27448944 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1211747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Composting of pig manure is a challenging task that requires appropriate co-substrate and bulking agent to provide optimum composting conditions and reduce nitrogen loss. In this study, paper waste is co-composted with pig manure as well as wood chips as the bulking agents. These raw materials were mixed at three different ratios of paper: pig manure: wood chips = 1:1:0 (pile 1), 3:2:1 (pile 2) and 3:1:1(pile 3), respectively. Each composting pile was about 11 m3 in size equipped with negative-pressure forced aeration. The temperature of all the three piles ranged between 43 and 76°C and therefore produced pathogen-free compost. The overall total carbon reduction of 39%, 36% and 36% were achieved from pile 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The [Formula: see text] increased with the composting period, indicating the transformation of ammoniacal-N into nitrate by nitrification activity. However, all three piles showed significant variations in soluble [Formula: see text] at different stages of composting, which could be due to the microbial assimilation and mineralization. The results revealed that the co-composting of pig manure, paper along with wood chips was optimum under the mixing ratio of 3:2:1 (pile 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W C Wong
- a Department of Biology, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Obulisamy P Karthikeyan
- a Department of Biology, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Ammaiyappan Selvam
- a Department of Biology, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
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28
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Effect of C/N on Water State during Composting of Kitchen Waste and Vegetable Waste Mixture. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/9409145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the C/N ratio on the water state changes during the composting of kitchen waste (KW) and vegetable waste (VW) mixtures. The C/N ratios in KW and VW were 50.70 and 27.07, respectively, and the VW was added to the KW to amend the C/N ratio. Five composting treatments were used, R1 with 0% KW, R2 with 25% KW, R3 with 50% KW, R4 with 75% KW, and R5 with 100% KW, and the initial C/N ratios increased in the order R1 < R2 < R3 < R4 < R5. As the composting process progressed, the capillary water (CW) and multi-molecular-layer water (MMLW) were changed into entrapped water (EW), and a high C/N ratio could delay the changes in the water state. The percentage of EW and CW significantly positively correlated with the C/N ratio during the composting of KW. The composting process performed better in treatments R2 and R3 than in the other treatments, and it was found that treatments R2 and R3 each had a lag phase of around 4 d until the water states started to change.
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Awasthi MK, Pandey AK, Bundela PS, Wong JWC, Li R, Zhang Z. Co-composting of gelatin industry sludge combined with organic fraction of municipal solid waste and poultry waste employing zeolite mixed with enriched nitrifying bacterial consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 213:181-189. [PMID: 26897474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work illustrates the co-composting of gelatin industry sludge (GIS) combined with organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and poultry waste (PW) employing 10% zeolite mixed with enriched nitrifying bacteria consortium (ENBC). Five piles of GIS were prepared mixed with OFMSW and PW at 2:1:0.5, 4:1:0.5, 6:1:0.5 and 8:1:0.5 and without GIS 0:1:0.5 (dry weight basis) served as control, while 10% zeolite mixed with ENBC was inoculated in all piles and composted for 42days. The Pile-4 with GIS, OFMSW and PW ratio 6:1:0.5 and 10% zeolite+ENBC were drastically reduced the nitrogen loss and enhance the mineralization rate as compare to other piles. The co-amendment of 6% GIS effectively buffered the pH between ∼7.5 to 8.0 and shortened the compost maturity period, while lower concentration of GIS was comparatively delayed the early decomposition. Therefore, our results suggested that suitability of 10% zeolite+ENBC with initial feedstock ratio 6:1:0.5 as the best formulation for the composting of GIS into value-added stable product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India; Regional Office, Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Jabalpur, India
| | | | | | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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30
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Zhang J, Sui Q, Li K, Chen M, Tong J, Qi L, Wei Y. Influence of natural zeolite and nitrification inhibitor on organics degradation and nitrogen transformation during sludge composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1324-1334. [PMID: 26358216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sludge composting is one of the most widely used treatments for sewage sludge resource utilization. Natural zeolite and nitrification inhibitor (NI) are widely used during composting and land application for nitrogen conservation, respectively. Three composting reactors (A--the control, B--natural zeolite addition, and C--3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) addition) were established to investigate the influence of NI and natural zeolite addition on organics degradation and nitrogen transformation during sludge composting conducted at the lab scale. The results showed that, in comparison with the control, natural zeolite addition accelerated organics degradation and the maturity of sludge compost was higher, while the DMPP addition slowed down the degradation of organic matters. Meanwhile, the nitrogen transformation functional genes including those responses for nitrification (amoA and nxrA) and denitrification (narG, nirS, nirK, and nosZ) were quantified through quantitative PCR (qPCR) to investigate the effects of natural zeolites and DMPP addition on nitrogen transformation. Although no significant difference in the abundance of nitrogen transformation functional genes was observed between treatments, addition of both natural zeolite and DMPP increases the final total nitrogen content by 48.6% and 23.1%, respectively. The ability of natural zeolite for nitrogen conservation was due to the absorption of NH3 by compost, and nitrogen conservation by DMPP was achieved by the source reduction of denitrification. Besides, it was assumed that the addition of natural zeolite and DMPP may affect the activity of these genes instead of the abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meixue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Tong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lu Qi
- School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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31
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Zhang S, Chen Z, Wen Q, Yang L, Wang W, Zheng J. Effectiveness of bulking agents for co-composting penicillin mycelial dreg (PMD) and sewage sludge in pilot-scale system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1362-70. [PMID: 26362639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Penicillin mycelial dreg (PMD) has a distinguishing characteristic of the high content of penicillin residue and nutrients. The existing handling of PMD used as feed additive of livestock and poultry is facing a direct challenge of penicillin transportation into environment due to the inadequate absorption through the digestive system. This work aims at examining the feasibility of co-composting of PMD with sewage sludge (SWS) in a pilot-scale system and evaluating the effect of four bulking agents. Seven treatments were co-composted over a 32-day period in 390-L reactors using the same PMD and SWS with different bulking agents, corresponding to the seven formulas (T-1: PMD + SWS + RS; T-2: PMD + SWS + WS; T-3: PMD + SWS + RS + SD; T-4: PMD + SWS + WS + SD; T-5: PMD + SWS + SD; T-6: PMD + SWS + RS + WS; control: PMD + SWS). The parameters monitored over this period included temperature, organic matter (OM), TN, NH4(+)-N, NO3(-)-N, pH, EC, penicillin residue, as well as germination index (GI). The results showed that co-composting PMD and SWS with BA is feasible. The highest rate of OM mineralization was observed in T-3, while below 30% for T-2, T-4, and T-5. Furthermore, the SD addition resulted in both the increase in the duration of thermophilic stage and maximum temperature and the decrease in TN losses, particularly in T-3, suggesting that the formula of the T-3 is very suitable option for the co-composting of PMD and SWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Lian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, China
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32
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Chan MT, Selvam A, Wong JWC. Reducing nitrogen loss and salinity during 'struvite' food waste composting by zeolite amendment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:838-844. [PMID: 26590758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Struvite formation during composting through supplementation of Mg and P salts conserved nitrogen but in the same time increased the electrical conductivity (EC) of the compost limiting its application. Therefore the present study aimed at utilizing zeolite to control the EC under 'struvite' composting of food waste. Zeolite at 5% and 10% (dry weight basis) was supplemented to the composting mass receiving Mg and P salts and compared with treatment with Mg and P salts only and the control without any amendment. Addition of Mg and P salts effectively buffered the pH to ∼8.0 but also increased the EC of the compost to 6.45mS/cm. Co-amendment with 10% zeolite effectively reduced the EC down to 2.82mS/cm and improved compost maturity. It also increased the adsorption of ammonium ions reducing ammonia loss to 18% resulting in higher total nitrogen content in the final compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ting Chan
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ammaiyappan Selvam
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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33
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Wen Q, Zheng J. Effect of aeration rate on composting of penicillin mycelial dreg. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 37:172-178. [PMID: 26574101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pilot scale experiments with forced aeration were conducted to estimate effects of aeration rates on the performance of composting penicillin mycelial dreg using sewage sludge as inoculation. Three aeration rates of 0.15, 0.50 and 0.90L/(min·kg) organic matter (OM) were examined. The principal physicochemical parameters were monitored during the 32day composting period. Results showed that the higher aeration rate of 0.90L/(min·kg) did not corresponded to a longer thermophilic duration and higher rates of OM degradation; but the lower aeration rate of 0.15L/(min·kg) did induce an accumulation of NH4(+)-N contents due to the inhibition of nitrification. On the other hand, aeration rate has little effect on degradation of penicillin. The results show that the longest phase of thermophilic temperatures≥55°C, the maximum NO3(-)-N content and seed germination, and the minimum C/N ratio were obtained with 0.50L/(min·kg) OM. Therefore, aeration rates of 0.50L/(min·kg) OM can be recommended for composting penicillin mycelial dreg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China.
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China
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Zhang L, Sun X. Effects of earthworm casts and zeolite on the two-stage composting of green waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 39:119-129. [PMID: 25792439 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Because it helps protect the environment and encourages economic development, composting has become a viable method for organic waste disposal. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of earthworm casts (EWCs) (at 0.0%, 0.30%, and 0.60%) and zeolite (clinoptilolite, CL) (at 0%, 15%, and 25%) on the two-stage composting of green waste. The combination of EWCs and CL improved the conditions of the composting process and the quality of the compost products in terms of the thermophilic phase, humification, nitrification, microbial numbers and enzyme activities, the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, and physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient contents of final composts. The compost matured in only 21days with the optimized two-stage composting method rather than in the 90-270days required for traditional composting. The optimal two-stage composting and the best quality compost were obtained with 0.30% EWCs and 25% CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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35
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Latifah O, Ahmed OH, Susilawati K, Majid NM. Compost maturity and nitrogen availability by co-composting of paddy husk and chicken manure amended with clinoptilolite zeolite. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2015; 33:322-331. [PMID: 25819928 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15576771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The availability of paddy husk from rice processing plants remains high owing to increase in the worldwide rice consumption. Increasing demand for chicken products leads to poultry wastes production. Co-composting of the aforementioned wastes could solve the indiscriminate disposal of these wastes. Thus, co-composting of paddy husk and chicken slurry with clinoptilolite zeolite and urea as additive was carried out. Clinoptilolite zeolite was used to enhance ammonium and nitrate retention in the compost. Temperature of the compost was monitored three times daily for 55 days. Cation exchange capacity, organic matter, ash, humic acids, pH, total C, N, C/N ratio; total P, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, NH4+, NO3-, and heavy metals contents were determined using standard procedures. pH, total N, humic acids, ash, NH4+, NO3-, P, Ca, Mg, and K contents increased but the salinity, heavy metals contents, and microbial population were low after the co-composting process. Zea mays L. (test crop) seed germination rate in distilled water and the compost were not significantly different. Growth of Spinach oleracea (test crop) on a peat-based growing medium and the compost was also not significantly different. These findings were possible because the clinoptilolite zeolite used in co-composting reduced accumulation of heavy metals that may have damage effects on the test crops. Mature compost with good agronomic properties can be produced by co-composting chicken slurry and paddy husk using clinoptilolite zeolite and urea as additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Latifah
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Osumanu Haruna Ahmed
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kassim Susilawati
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nik Muhamad Majid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yang YQ, Chen ZX, Zhang XQ, Hu LF, Shen DS, Long YY. Effects of added polyacrylamide on changes in water states during the composting of kitchen waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2295-2302. [PMID: 25182430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of adding polyacrylamide (PAM), to attempt to delay the loss of capillary water and achieve a better level of organic matter humification, in the composting of kitchen waste were evaluated. Four treatments, with initial moisture content of 60 % were used: 0.1 % PAM added before the start of composting (R1), 0.1 % PAM added when the thermophilic phase of composting became stable (at >50 °C) (R2), 0.1 % PAM added when the moisture content significantly decreased (R3), and no PAM added (R4). The introduction of PAM in R1 and R2 significantly increased the capillary force and delayed the loss of moisture content and capillary water. The introduction of PAM in R2 and R3 improved the composting process, in terms of the degradation of biochemical fractions and the humification degree. These results show that the optimal time for adding PAM was the initial stage of the thermophilic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
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Effects of Biosolids and Manure Application on Microbial Water Quality in Rural Areas in the US. WATER 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/w6123701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Fotidis IA, Kougias PG, Zaganas ID, Kotsopoulos TA, Martzopoulos GG. Inoculum and zeolite synergistic effect on anaerobic digestion of poultry manure. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1219-1225. [PMID: 24701918 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.865083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Poultry manure is an ammonia-rich substrate due to its high content of proteins and amino acids. Ammonia is the major inhibitor of anaerobic digestion (AD) process, affecting biogas production and causing great economic losses to the biogas plants. In this study, the effect of different natural zeolite dosages on the mesophilic AD of poultry manure inoculated with a non-acclimatized to ammonia inoculum (dairy manure) was investigated. Additionally, a comparative analysis was performed between the data extracted from this study and the results of a previous study, which has been conducted under the same experimental conditions but with the use of ammonia acclimatized inoculum (swine manure). At 5 and 10 g zeolite L(-1), the methane yield of poultry manure was 43.4% and 80.3% higher compared with the experimental set without zeolite addition. However, the ammonia non-acclimatized inoculum was not efficient in digesting poultry manure even in the presence of 10 g zeolite L(-1), due to low methane production (only 39%) compared with the maximum theoretical yield. Finally, ammonia acclimatized inoculum and zeolite have demonstrated a possible 'synergistic effect', which led to a more efficient AD of poultry manure. The results of this study could potentially been used by the biogas plant operators to efficiently digest poultry manure.
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Villaseñor J, Rodríguez L, Fernández FJ. Composting domestic sewage sludge with natural zeolites in a rotary drum reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1447-1454. [PMID: 20951578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed the influence of zeolites addition on a sludge-straw composting process using a pilot-scale rotary drum reactor. The type and concentration of three commercial natural zeolites were considered: a mordenite and two clinoptilolites (Klinolith and Zeocat). Mordenite caused the greatest carbon removal (58%), while the clinoptilolites halved losses of ammonium. All zeolites removed 100% of Ni, Cr, Pb, and significant amounts (more than 60%) of Cu, Zn and Hg. Zeocat displayed the greatest retention of ammonium and metals, and retention efficiencies increased as Zeocat concentration increased. The addition of 10% Zeocat produced compost compliant with Spanish regulations. Zeolites were separated from the final compost, and leaching studies suggested that zeolites leachates contained very low metals concentrations (<1 mg/kg). Thus, the final compost could be applied directly to soil, or metal-polluted zeolites could be separated from the compost prior to application. The different options have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Villaseñor
- Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain.
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Zambrano M, Pichún C, Alvear M, Villarroel M, Velásquez I, Baeza J, Vidal G. Green liquor dregs effect on Kraft mill secondary sludge composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1028-1035. [PMID: 19819689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased Kraft pulp mill production generates increased solid wastes. In response, composting has emerged as an interesting alternative for disposal of these solid wastes. A central composite factor design was used to investigate the influence of incubation conditions (dregs addition and operation time) on chemical and biological parameters, determining the best in-vessel conditions in order to develop a correct composting design. Dregs helped reduce the pH drop that occurs at the beginning of the process. Biological activities presented high values during the active phase, followed by a decrease with stable final values along with N-NH(4)(+) and N-NO(3)(-) trend, which were indicative of mature compost. Dregs addition had not significant effect on the biological activities during composting of Kraft mill sludge. However, moderate amounts of dregs (between 5% and 8%) at operation time of 60-70 days would be the best compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zambrano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Corrêa EK, Bianchi I, Perondi A, de los Santos JRG, Corrêa MN, Castilhos DD, Gil-Turnes C, Lucia T. Chemical and microbiological characteristics of rice husk bedding having distinct depths and used for growing-finishing swine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5318-5322. [PMID: 19541479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of different bedding depths on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the bedding material used to raise pigs during growing and finishing. The experiment was conducted in two pens housing 5 pigs from 60 to 145 days of age, with rice husk beddings 0.50 or 0.25 m deep. Four lots of pigs (replicates) were raised over time in each bedding depth: each bedding was used by two consecutive lots. Bedding samples were collected quarterly to determine the most probable number (MPN) of thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Contents of N, P, K, C, organic, mineral and dry matter, C:N ratio and pH were also determined. The MPN of thermophilic bacteria was higher for the 0.50 m than for the 0.25 m bedding (p<0.05). The compost of 0.25 m deep bedding had a higher N, P and K content than that from the 0.50 m bedding (p<0.05). Thus, the use of the 0.25 m deep bedding would be recommended due to its greater agronomical value in comparison with the deeper bedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Corrêa
- PIGPEL, Campus Universitário, s/n degrees Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Papajová I, Juris P, Szabová E, Venglovský J, Sasáková N, Sefcíková H, Martinez J, Gábon T. Decontamination by anaerobic stabilisation of the environment contaminated with enteronematode eggs Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:4966-4971. [PMID: 17976979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Investigations were carried out under operating conditions of Field Composting Factory in Brezno (Slovak Republic) to determine the effect of anaerobic stabilization of organic wastes from public areas on the survival of model helminth Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum eggs. Due to anaerobic conditions, low temperature, low C:N ratio and changes in physical and chemical properties of organic waste, less than 64% of A. suum eggs remained viable after 150 days of stabilisation. The anaerobic stabilisation had a greater effect on the viability of T. canis eggs than on A. suum eggs. The infectivity of T. canis eggs was confirmed by a follow-up experiment in laboratory mice. A small number of T. canis larvae were found in their brain and muscles on day 28 after infection. The results refer to the risks of dissemination, survival and potential spread of endoparasitic developmental stages in the environment through organic wastes subjected to low temperature stabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Papajová
- Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Barrena R, Pagans EL, Artola A, Vázquez F, Sánchez A. Co-composting of hair waste from the tanning industry with de-inking and municipal wastewater sludges. Biodegradation 2006; 18:257-68. [PMID: 16821102 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-006-9060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Production of waste hair in the leather manufacturing industry is increasing every year due to the adoption of hair-save unhairing techniques, leaving the tanners with the problem of coping with yet another solid by-product. Numerous potential strategies for hair utilisation have been proposed. However, the use of hair waste as agricultural fertiliser is one of its most promising applications due to the high nitrogen content of hair. Agricultural value of hair can be increased by composting. This paper deals with the composting of hair from the unhairing of bovine hide. Results indicated that hair cannot be either composted on its own or co-composted with de-inking sludge, a chemical complementary co-substrate. However, good results were obtained when co-composted with raw sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant at hair:raw sludge weight ratios 1:1, 1:2 and, 1:4 in lab scale and pilot plant scale composters. In all cases, a more stable product was achieved at the end of the process. Composting in the pilot plant composter was effectively monitored using Static Respiration Indices determined at process temperature at sampling (SRI(T)) and at 37 degrees C (SRI(37)). Notably, SRI(T) values were more sensitive to changes in the biological activity. In contrast, Respiratory Quotient (RQ) values were not adequate to follow the development of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Venglovsky J, Martinez J, Placha I. Hygienic and ecological risks connected with utilization of animal manures and biosolids in agriculture. Livest Sci 2006; 102:197-203. [PMID: 32288867 PMCID: PMC7102846 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the fate of human and animal pathogen microorganisms as a potential pollutant of the environment has been paid increased attention. Substantial quantities of these compounds and their metabolites are excreted, flushed down the drain, discarded as waste, or left over in animal feedlots. After passing to the sewer, several of these compounds are not adequately eliminated by the methods that are currently used in sewage treatment. Substantial quantities of biosolids and livestock manure end up on agricultural land. Effective sanitation of the environment, particularly of some of its special parts, which can be a source of spreading of diseases, plays an important role in prevention of infectious diseases. In this respect special attention should be paid to the disinfection of infected farm animal excrements. Sanitation of excrements should, on the one hand, ensure effective inhibition of infectious agents and, on the other hand, comply with the requirement of preserving the composition of the manure so it can be used in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Venglovsky
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jose Martinez
- Cemagref, Environmental Management and Biological Treatment of Waste Research Unit,17, avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, 35044 RENNES Cedex France
| | - Iveta Placha
- Institute of Animal Physiology of the Slovak Acadamy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
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