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Veerapandian B, Shanmugam SR, Sivaraman S, Sriariyanun M, Karuppiah S, Venkatachalam P. Production and characterization of microbial levan using sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) juice and chicken feather peptone as a low-cost alternate medium. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17424. [PMID: 37484316 PMCID: PMC10361384 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternate medium consisting of sugarcane juice (SJ) (Saccharum spp.) and chicken feather peptone (CFP) was employed for microbial synthesis of levan. SJ has considerable amounts of vital minerals, vitamins, and amino acids in addition to its major constituent, sucrose. Meanwhile, CFP is also a rich source of essential nutrients such as amino acids, micro and macro elements. Amino acids present in SJ and CFP, such as glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine and elements such as Ca, Mg favoured the cell growth and levan production. In this present work, levan was produced using Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 in five different media, namely, sucrose along with defined nutrients (M1), Sugarcane Juice without nutrients (M2), SJ with defined nutrients (M3), SJ along with chicken feather peptone (M4) and sucrose without nutrient (M5). Alternative nutrient medium using SJ and CFP (M4) showed a promising levan yield of 0.32 ± 0.01 g of levan/g of sucrose consumed, which is 64% of the theoretical levan yield possible. Levan produced was characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). There is a change in low molecular weight fractions of levan obtained from SJ and CFP medium compared to the defined medium. Produced levan from the composite medium exhibited strong antioxidant activity and was biocompatible when tested against endothelial cells. The substrate cost was 20% lower than the cost of defined medium. Thus, a composite medium made of SJ and CFP can serve as an alternate low-cost medium for microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwari Veerapandian
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malinee Sriariyanun
- Biorefinery and Process Automation Engineering Center, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sugumaran Karuppiah
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusami Venkatachalam
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gudiukaite R, Nadda AK, Gricajeva A, Shanmugam S, Nguyen DD, Lam SS. Bioprocesses for the recovery of bioenergy and value-added products from wastewater: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113831. [PMID: 34649321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater and activated sludge present a major challenge worldwide. Wastewater generated from large and small-scale industries, laundries, human residential areas and other sources is emerging as a main problem in sanitation and maintenance of smart/green cities. During the last decade, different technologies and processes have been developed to recycle and purify the wastewater. Currently, identification and fundamental consideration of development of more advanced microbial-based technologies that enable wastewater treatment and simultaneous resource recovery to produce bioenergy, biofuels and other value-added compounds (organic acids, fatty acids, bioplastics, bio-pesticides, bio-surfactants and bio-flocculants etc.) became an emerging topic. In the last several decades, significant development of bioprocesses and techniques for the extraction and recovery of mentioned valuable molecules and compounds from wastewater, waste biomass or sludge has been made. This review presents different microbial-based process routes related to resource recovery and wastewater application for the production of value-added products and bioenergy. Current process limitations and insights for future research to promote more efficient and sustainable routes for this under-utilized and continually growing waste stream are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gudiukaite
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India.
| | - Alisa Gricajeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sabarathinam Shanmugam
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 442-760, South Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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3
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Kim K, Jung JY, Kwon JH. Potential of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Coastal Water for Wastewater Treatment and as Aqua-Feed Additives. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2441. [PMID: 34946043 PMCID: PMC8708354 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have various and sustained effects on humans in various fields: molecular biology, biomedical science, environmental/food industry, etc. This study was conducted to evaluate the wastewater treatment capacity and feed-additive fish-growth effect of four strains of bacteria: Pseudoalteromonas mariniglutinosa, Psychrobacter celer, Bacillus albus, and Bacillus safensis. In a wastewater degradation experiment, (i) nitrate-N and nitrite-N were removed within 1 h in all of the 4 bacterial strains; (ii) the removal rates of TAN and TN were higher in all of the strains relative to the B. subtilis. In a feed-additive experiment (5% Kg-1), (i) the growth of fish was higher in all of the 4 bacterial strains with the B. subtilis relative to the commercial feed; (ii) there was no significant growth difference for B. albus and B. safensis relative to the B. subtilis, but growth was higher in P. mariniglutinosa and P. celer. The results indicated that the 4 bacterial strains can be effectively utilized for biological wastewater treatment processes and as aqua-feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyochan Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Joo-Young Jung
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Department of Food Science & Technology, and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Barkad MA, Bayraktar A, Doruk T, Tunca S. Effect of lon Protease Overexpression on Endotoxin Production and Stress Resistance in Bacillus thuringiensis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3483-3493. [PMID: 34272975 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lon protease, an intracellular protease, plays a key role in cell homeostasis in bacteria and is involved in numerous physiological processes. In this work, we aimed to study the impact of Lon on the production of endotoxins and stress response in Bacillus thuringiensis, which is an important bioinsecticide alternative for toxic chemicals. For this purpose, lon gene was cloned into a multi-copy vector with its original promoter and transcriptional terminator and expressed in B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis ATCC 35,646. Our results showed that the recombinant lon gene transcribed and translated efficiently and the resulting protein was active. Although the sporulation efficiency of the recombinant strain was found to be reduced and its mobility impaired, overexpression of the lon gene triggered the production of endotoxin. Together with increased biofilm formation, recombinant strain exhibited significantly better adaptation to osmotic and heat shock stresses and UV exposure compared to wild type and the control strain with empty plasmid. This study suggested a possible link between Lon protease and the production of insecticide and stress response in B. thuringiensis and provides a platform for future studies focusing on enhancing bio-insecticidal production using this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouktar Abdi Barkad
- Faculty of Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Izmit, Turkey
| | - Aslı Bayraktar
- Faculty of Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Izmit, Turkey
| | - Tugrul Doruk
- Faculty of Art and Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Atakum, 55200, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sedef Tunca
- Faculty of Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Izmit, Turkey.
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da Silva TAF, de Freitas LS, da Silva LVJB, Duarte Neto JMW, da Silva GR, Maranhão LMDAC, de Lacerda CA, Oliveira JDP, Bezerra RP, Porto ALF. Effect of the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient on producing δ-endotoxins by Bacillus thuringiensis in culture medium based on forage palm. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Optimization of a culture medium based on forage palm for δ-endotoxin production. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Towards a new biological control approach for Photorhabdus temperata bioinsecticide production through the bioconversion of Tunisian industrial wastewater. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA novel bioconversion approach of Tunisian wastewater to low-cost Photorhabdus temperata bioinsecticide is presented in this study. Our results showed that when cultured on the food industry wastewater (WS4), P. temperata cells exhibited oral toxicity of about 42%, which is the same as those cultured in complex medium (CM), used as control. Moreover, variants small colony polymorphism (Vsm) of the strain K122 was completely avoided after a prolonged incubation. However, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state was enhanced with the maximum colony-forming units (CFU) count of 9 × 106 cells/mL obtained after 48 h of incubation in the WS4. According to flow cytometry analysis, almost 100% of P. temperata cells were viable until 48 h of incubation. The appearance of propidium iodide (PI) positively stained cells was observed after a prolonged incubation with a maximum of 17% of damaged cells in WS1. In order to follow the progress of P. temperata fermentation process carried out in industrial wastewater, we established for the first time, the mathematical relationship between total cell counts, CFU counts and oral toxicity of P. temperata strain K122. Indeed, irrespective of the medium used, the relationship between CFU count and total cell count followed a power law. Additionally, when plotting CFU count, or total cell count against toxicity, a semi-log linear relationship was obtained. Our results proved the efficiency of this bioconversion approach to produce bioinsecticide based on the entomopathogenic bacterium P. temperata, with practical benefits in terms of cost production and wastewater management.
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Kumar LR, Ndao A, Valéro J, Tyagi RD. Production of Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticide formulation using starch industry wastewater (SIW) as substrate: A techno-economic evaluation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122144. [PMID: 31542498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cost simulation was made to produce Bacillus thuriengiensis based biopesticide formulation using starch industry wastewater (SIW) as substrate. The results obtained at pilot plant (2000L capacity fermenter) were used for cost simulation of the process. The unit production cost for annual production of 5 million L of formulated biopesticide (20.2 Billion International Units (BIU)/L) was estimated to be $ 2.54/L, which is competitive to chemical pesticides. The techno-economic evaluation revealed that the profitability of the biopesticide manufacturing process was sensitive to the plant capacity and selling price of the biopesticide. The manufacturer should target 5 million L annual plant capacity and selling price of $ 15/L for payback period to be less than 5 years. The process serves many advantages (1) alternate disposal or bio-valorisation of industry wastewater and (2) use of industry wastewater as inexpensive carbon source reducing cost of raw materials for fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit R Kumar
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Adama Ndao
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Jose Valéro
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - R D Tyagi
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Ndao A, Kumar LR, Tyagi RD, Valéro J. Biopesticide and formulation processes based on starch industrial wastewater fortified with soybean medium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 55:115-126. [PMID: 31549910 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1668225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce Bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticide using starch-producing industry wastewater (SIW) fortified with soybean medium and optimize the formulated product using different adjuvants. This study was necessary as low endotoxin concentration is obtained in formulated biopesticide when SIW alone is used as fermentation medium. The fermentation runs were conducted using SIW alone and SIW fortified with 25% soybean (w/v) medium in 2000 L and 150 L bioreactor, respectively. SIW supplemented with soybean medium showed an increase in cell count (from 1.95 × 108 to 1.65 × 109 CFU mL-1), spore synthesis (from 1.5 × 108 to 1.35 × 109 CFU mL-1) and endotoxin concentration (from 436 to 1170 μg mL-1) when compared to SIW medium alone. The fermented broth was concentrated using continuous centrifugation and adjuvants were added for biopesticide formulation in order to enhance its resistance against UV rays and rainfastness. Entomotoxicity of the formulation produced using fermented broth of SIW fortified with soybean (38,000 IU μL-1) was higher than that obtained by SIW medium alone (21,000 IU μL-1), commercial biopesticide Foray 76B (20,000 IU μL-1) and Btk sander's (12,500 IU μL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Ndao
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jose Valéro
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada
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10
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Levan production from sucrose using chicken feather peptone as a low cost supplemental nutrient source. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 227:115361. [PMID: 31590858 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chicken feather peptone (CFP) derived from poultry waste is a rich source of essential minerals and amino acids. This, along with suitable carbon source, can be used as a low cost complex supplemental nutrient source for microbial fermentation. In the present work, CFP blended with sucrose was evaluated for the production of levan using Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441. Amount of CFP added to the medium significantly influenced levan production and it was found that at a concentration 2 g/L, maximum levan yield of 0.26 ± 0.04 g/g sucrose was obtained. The levan yield obtained with CFP as a low cost supplemental nutrient source was comparable with that obtained from commercial medium (0.31 ± 0.02 g/g sucrose). Levan produced using CFP was tested on primary cell lines at various concentrations (100-1000 μM) and found to be non-toxic and bio-compatible in nature. This indicates that CFP could be used as low cost nutrient source for levan production.
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Rodríguez P, Cerda A, Font X, Sánchez A, Artola A. Valorisation of biowaste digestate through solid state fermentation to produce biopesticides from Bacillus thuringiensis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 93:63-71. [PMID: 31235058 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this work is the production of a biopesticide through solid-state fermentation of biowaste digestate inoculated with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) at pilot scale using different configurations of reactors. Fermentations were carried out using insulated and non-insulated, stirred and non-stirred reactors at different scales (10, 22 and 100 L) in order to assess the influence of the reactor configuration on the biopesticide production process. A maximum temperature of 60 °C was reached in 10-L insulated non-stirred reactors where increments of Bt viable cells and spores with respect to initial values of 1.9 and 171.6 respectively, were attained. In contrast, when temperature was regulated by using 22-L non-insulated stirred reactors the increment of viable cells and spores were 0.8 and 1.9, respectively, at a stable temperature of 27 °C. When the non-insulated stirred reactor was scaled up to 100-L, the increase of viable cells and spore counts were 1.2 and 3.8 respectively, with an average temperature of 28 °C. These results demonstrated that the election of a proper reactor configuration is important when considering the development of a new SSF process, especially when dealing with non-conventional substrates as digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rodríguez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cerda
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Font
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Eski A, Demirbağ Z, Demir İ. Microencapsulation of an indigenous isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis by spray drying. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:1-9. [PMID: 30836029 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1572238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microencapsulation by spray drying was performed to protect spores and crystals of an indigenous isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis Se13 from environmental stress. The effects of wall material, inlet temperature, and outlet temperature on microencapsulation of Bt-Se13 were investigated using Taguchi's orthogonal array. The most suitable wall material determined as maltodextrin DE10. The optimum inlet and outlet temperatures of spray drier were determined as 160 °C and 70 °C, respectively. The number of viable spores, mean particle size, wetting time, percentage of suspensibility and moisture content of the product produced under optimum conditions were determined as 8.1 × 1011 cfu g-1, 13.462 µm, 25.22 s, 77.66% and 7.29%, respectively. As a result of efficiency studies on Spodoptera exigua in the laboratory conditions, the LC50 was determined as 1.6 × 104 cfu mL-1. Microencapsulated Bt-Se13 based bio-pesticide may be registered for the control of S. exigua and can be tested against other lepidopterans which share the same environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardahan Eski
- a Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Zihni Demirbağ
- a Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - İsmail Demir
- a Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
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13
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Ballardo C, Barrena R, Artola A, Sánchez A. A novel strategy for producing compost with enhanced biopesticide properties through solid-state fermentation of biowaste and inoculation with Bacillus thuringiensis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 70:53-58. [PMID: 28988606 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of a circular economy, organic solid wastes are considered to be resources useful for obtaining value-added products. Among other potential uses, biodegradable wastes from agricultural, industrial, and domestic sources are being studied to obtain biopesticides through solid-state fermentation (SSF), mainly at the laboratory scale. The suitability of biowaste (source-selected organic fraction of municipal solid waste) for use as a substrate for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) growth under non-sterile conditions in a 10 L SSF reactor was determined in this study. An operational strategy for setting up a semi-continuous process yielding a stabilised organic compost-like material enriched with Bt suitable for use as a soil amendment was developed. Concentrations of 1.7·107-2.2·107 and 1.3·107-2.1·107 CFU g-1 DM for Bt viable cells and spores, respectively, were obtained in the final material. As the results confirmed, Bt-enriched compost-like material with potential biopesticide properties can be produced from non-sterile biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ballardo
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Ndao A, Sellamuthu B, Gnepe JR, Tyagi RD, Valero JR. Pilot-scale biopesticide production by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki using starch industry wastewater as raw material. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:623-630. [PMID: 28586277 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1330071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pilot-scale Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticide production (2000 L bioreactor) was conducted using starch industry wastewater (SIW) as a raw material using optimized operational parameters obtained in 15 L and 150 L fermenters. In pilot scale fermentation process the oxygen transfer rate is a major limiting factor for high product yield. Thus, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) remains a tool to determine the oxygen transfer capacity [oxygen utilization rate (OUR) and oxygen transfer rate (OTR)] to obtain better bacterial growth rate and entomotoxicity in new bioreactor process optimization and scale-up. This study results demonstrated that the oxygen transfer rate in 2000 L bioreactor was better than 15 L and 150 L fermenters. The better oxygen transfer in 2000 L bioreactor augmented the bacterial growth [total cell (TC) and viable spore count (SC)] and delta-endotoxin yield. Prepared a stable biopesticide formulation for field use and its entomotoxicity was also evaluated. This study result corroborates the feasibility of industrial scale operation of biopesticide production using starch industry wastewater as raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Ndao
- a INRS-ETE, Université du Québec , Québec , Canada
| | | | - Jean R Gnepe
- a INRS-ETE, Université du Québec , Québec , Canada
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15
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Ballardo C, Abraham J, Barrena R, Artola A, Gea T, Sánchez A. Valorization of soy waste through SSF for the production of compost enriched with Bacillus thuringiensis with biopesticide properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 169:126-31. [PMID: 26731311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing generation of biodegradable wastes from different human activities from industrial to agricultural including home and recreational activities. On the other hand, agricultural and horticultural activities require significant amounts of organic amendments and pesticides. In this framework, the present study evaluates the viability of soy fiber residue valorization as organic soil amendment with biopesticide properties through aerobic solid-state fermentation (SSF) in the presence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The experiments were performed first under sterile and non-sterile conditions at lab scale using 115 g of sample and controlled temperature (30 °C). Bt growth was successful in sterile conditions, obtaining 6.2 × 10(11) CFU g(-1) DM and 8.6 × 10(10) spores g(-1) DM after 6 days. Bt survived on solid culture under non-sterile conditions (3.8 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) DM and 1.3 × 10(8) spores g(-1) DM). Further, the valorization process was scaled-up to 10 L reactors (2300 g) under non-sterile conditions obtaining a final stabilized material with viable Bt cells and spores (9.5 × 10(7) CFU g(-1) DM and 1.1 × 10(8) spores g(-1) DM in average) after 9 days of SSF. These results confirm the possibility of managing biodegradable wastes by their transformation to a waste derived soil amendment with enhanced biopesticide effect, in comparison to traditional compost using a valuable and low-cost technique (SSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ballardo
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Abraham
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa Gea
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang W, Zou H, Jiang L, Yao J, Liang J, Wang Q. Semi-solid state fermentation of food waste for production of Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticide. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Effect of medium components and culture conditions in Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0575 spore production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1879-88. [PMID: 26135004 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis spores have important biotechnological applications; however, achieving both, high spore cell densities and sporulation efficiencies in fermentation, is poorly reported. In this study, medium components and culture conditions were optimized with different statistical methods to increase spore production of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria B. subtilis EA-CB0575. Key medium components were determined with Plackett-Burman (PB) design, and the optimum concentration levels of two components (glucose, MgSO4·7H2O) were optimized with a full factorial and central composite design, achieving 1.37 × 10(9) CFU/mL of spore cell density and 93.5 % of sporulation efficiency in shake flask. The optimized medium was used to determine the effect of culture conditions on spore production at bioreactor level, finding that maintaining pH control did not affect significantly spore production, while the interaction of agitation and aeration rates had a significant effect on spore cell density. The overall optimization generated a 17.2-fold increase in spore cell density (8.78 × 10(9) CFU/mL) and 1.9-fold increase in sporulation efficiency (94.2 %) compared to that of PB design. These results indicate the potential of B. subtilis EA-CB0575 to produce both, high spore cell densities and sporulation efficiencies, with very low nutrient requirements and short incubation period which can represent savings of process production.
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Azzouz H, Kebaili-Ghribi J, ben Farhat-Touzri D, Daoud F, Fakhfakh I, Tounsi S, Jaoua S. Selection and characterisation of an HD1-like Bacillus thuringiensis isolate with a high insecticidal activity against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:1192-1201. [PMID: 24124020 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) larvae are known by their susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strains. In order to prevent the appearance of B. thuringiensis (Bt) resistance and to develop economical Bt-based biopesticides, the selection and the characterisation of a B. thuringiensis isolate toxic against S. littoralis larvae and overproducing δ-endotoxins were investigated. RESULTS Among 124 Tunisian B. thuringiensis isolates assessed against S. littoralis larvae, four isolates showed toxicity similar to and higher than the toxicity of the aizawai strain HD133 and the kurstaki strain HD1 respectively. The plasmid pattern of the selected isolates was similar to that of HD1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using specific primers revealed that these isolates present different gene contents. The only detected gene encoding Spodoptera-specific toxin was cry9. The selected isolates were found to produce bipyramidal and cubic crystals. The assessment of δ-endotoxin production by these isolates showed that BUPM28 produced 43.71 and 80.81% more δ-endotoxin than HD1 and HD133 respectively. The application of osmotic or heat shock stress on the BUPM28 isolate made it possible to enhance δ-endotoxin production by 22 and 23% respectively. CONCLUSION On the basis of its potent insecticidal activity and its high level of δ-endotoxin production, the BUPM28 isolate can be considered to be an effective alternative for the control of S. littoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Azzouz
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Improvement (Biopesticides Team), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wu S, Lan Y, Wu Z, Peng Y, Chen S, Huang Z, Xu L, Gelbič I, Guan X, Zhang L, Zou S. Pretreatment of spent mushroom substrate for enhancing the conversion of fermentable sugar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 148:596-600. [PMID: 24047726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To develop a cost-effective biopesticide, spent mushroom substrate (SMS) extract was studied as a potential carbon source for cultivating Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Several pretreatments were compared to determine the optimal method for degrading cellulose to produce reducing sugars, including dilute sulfuric acid (0.5-2.0% v/v, 50-121°C, 1h), sodium hydroxide (0.5-2% w/v, 50-121°C, 1h), calcium hydroxide (0.2-4% w/v, 50-121°C, 1h), and hot water (50-121°C, 1h). Pretreatment was followed by standard enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Results showed that the highest cellulose degradation was obtained using 2% dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment at 121°C for 1h, resulting in a high yield of reducing sugar (284.24 g/kg SMS). Sporulation was also highest using the same pretreatment. Use of SMS is not only an alternative way to commercialize Bt-based biopesticide, but also a potential solution for the environmental pollution associated with accumulation of the spent substrate of the mushroom industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
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Smitha RB, Jisha VN, Pradeep S, Josh MS, Benjamin S. Potato flour mediated solid-state fermentation for the enhanced production of Bacillus thuringiensis-toxin. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:595-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jisha VN, Smitha RB, Benjamin S. An Overview on the Crystal Toxins from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2013.35062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vu KD, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY, Valéro JR. Mathematical relationships between spore concentrations, delta-endotoxin levels, and entomotoxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis preparations produced in different fermentation media. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:303-311. [PMID: 22940334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mathematic relationships between spore concentrations, delta-endotoxin concentrations and entomotoxicity (Tx) of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 (Btk HD-1) preparations produced in six different media were analysed. The relationship between delta-endotoxin and spore concentration and SpTx-spore (specific Tx per 1000 spore) and spore concentration produced in the different media (starch industry wastewater (SIW) with total solids (TS) concentration of 15g/L, SIW with TS of 30g/L, SIW supplemented with 0.2% (w/v) colloidal chitin, SIW supplemented with 1.25% (w/v) cornstarch and 0.2% (v/v) Tween 80, secondary sludge, and semi-synthetic medium) strictly followed the Power law. Tx and delta endotoxin concentration followed the exponential relation whereas a definite relation between Tx and spore concentration could not be established. Spore and delta-endotoxin produced at the early time (12h) during fermentation might be more toxic than those produced during latter period of fermentation irrespective of media used. Tx and delta-endotoxin concentration exhibited a semi-log linear relationship. Based on these findings, delta-endotoxin concentration can be determined rapidly to monitor the progress of the biopesticide production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Dang Vu
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Courrone, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
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From wastewater to bioenergy and biochemicals via two-stage bioconversion processes: a future paradigm. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:972-82. [PMID: 21884782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recovery of bioenergy and biochemicals from wastewater has attracted growing and widespread interests. In this respect, two-stage bioconversion process (TSBP) offers an appealing avenue to achieve stepwise and directional substrate conversion in separated stages. Such a biosystem not only enables enhanced degradation of organics, but also favors a high product yield and quality. Various TSBRs have been developed for the production of methane, hydrogen, electricity, bioplastics, bioflocculants, biopesticides, biosurfactants and other value-added products, demonstrating marked advantages over the conventional one-stage processes. It represents a promising, and likely the sole viable, paradigm for future application. However, there are also many remaining challenges. This paper provides an overview of the various TSBPs, introduces the recent advances, and discusses the major challenges and the future perspectives for practical application.
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Zhao G, Liu J, Dong K, Zhang F, Zhang H, Liu Q, Jiao Q. Enzymatic synthesis of L-tryptophan from hair acid hydrolysis industries wastewater with tryptophan synthase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3554-3557. [PMID: 20884203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for production of L-tryptophan from hair acid hydrolysis wastewater (HHW) containing L-serine was developed by recombinant tryptophan synthase. This study provides us with an alternative HHW utilization strategy. Tryptophan synthase could efficiently convert L-serine contained in HHW to L-tryptophan at pH 8.0, 40°C and Tween-80 of 0.04%. The enzyme also showed high tolerance to ammonium chloride, a component in HHW. In a scale up study, L-serine conversion rate reach 95.1% with a final L-tryptophan concentration of 33.2 g l(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Zhuang L, Zhou S, Wang Y, Chang M. Mosquito biolarvicide production by sequential fermentation with dual strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus using sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1574-1580. [PMID: 20855197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the bioconversion of sewage sludge into a composite biolarvicide for mosquito control based on sequential fermentation with dual strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs). Results showed that sewage sludge was a suitable fermentation substrate for supporting growth, sporulation and mosquitocidal proteins synthesis by Bti and Bs. Through sequential fermentation with dual strains, a 10-L bench-scale fermentor was capable of producing Bti and Bs at a cell concentration of 2.1×10(9) and 6.8×10(8) CFU/mL, respectively. Such sequential fermentation can save half of raw materials and energy consumption comparing with the sludge fermentation with single strain. The toxic activity and persistence of the composite biolarvicide against mosquito larvae in the polluted waters were enhanced by the increased toxin complexity and synergistic interactions. This study, for the first time, validates the technical feasibility of using sewage sludge to produce a cost-effective composite biolarvicide based on Bti and Bs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Adjallé KD, Vu KD, Tyagi RD, Brar SK, Valéro JR, Surampalli RY. Optimization of spray drying process for Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 34:237-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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John RP, Tyagi RD, Brar SK, Prévost D. Development of emulsion from rhizobial fermented starch industry wastewater for application as Medicago sativa seed coat. Eng Life Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Rouissi T, John RP, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Prévost D. ORIGINAL RESEARCH: Centrifugal recovery of rhizobial cells from fermented starch industry wastewater & development of stable formulation. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2010.6.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Rouissi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
| | - Rojan P. John
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
| | - Satinder K. Brar
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
| | - Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique – Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
| | - Danielle Prévost
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, 2560 boul. Hochelaga, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 2 J3
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Bezawada J, Yan S, Tyagia RD, Surampalli RY. Comparison of protease activities in different Bacillus licheniformis strains using wastewater sludge and synthetic soy medium as raw material. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:63-72. [PMID: 20232680 DOI: 10.1080/09593330903338429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The production of extracellular protease by different Bacillus licheniformis strains (ATCC 21415, ATCC 21417 and ATCC 21424) was tested in wastewater sludge as a raw material as well as in synthetic soy medium to compare the capacity of protease production by different strains and to compare the capacity of the medium to provide nutrients for enzyme synthesis. All of the strains showed similar activities in both media. The protease activity was very high in the fermentor in both of the media compared with the shake flask. Results from microbial selection indicated that ATCC 21424 had high potential for protease production using sludge as a growth medium. The observation from this study suggested that wastewater sludge could be used as a raw material (nutrient source) to produce protease for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bezawada
- lNRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
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Vu KD, Yan S, Tyagi RD, Valéro JR, Surampalli RY. Induced production of chitinase to enhance entomotoxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis employing starch industry wastewater as a substrate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5260-5269. [PMID: 19564105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Induced production of chitinase during bioconversion of starch industry wastewater (SIW) to Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 (Btk) based biopesticides was studied in shake flask as well as in computer-controlled fermentors. SIW was fortified with different concentrations (0%; 0.05%; 0.1%; 0.2%; 0.3% w/v) of colloidal chitin and its consequences were ascertained in terms of Btk growth (total cell count and viable spore count), chitinase, protease and amylase activities and entomotoxicity. At optimum concentration of 0.2% w/v colloidal chitin, the entomotoxicity of fermented broth and suspended pellet was enhanced from 12.4x10(9) (without chitin) to 14.4x10(9) SBU/L and from 18.2x10(9) (without chitin) to 25.1x10(9) SBU/L, respectively. Further, experiments were conducted for Btk growth in a computer-controlled 15 L bioreactor using SIW as a raw material with (0.2% w/v chitin, to induce chitinase) and without fortification of colloidal chitin. It was found that the total cell count, spore count, delta-endotoxin concentration (alkaline solubilised insecticidal crystal proteins), amylase and protease activities were reduced whereas the entomotoxicity and chitinase activity was increased with chitin fortification. The chitinase activity attained a maximum value at 24 h (15 mU/ml) and entomotoxicity of suspended pellet reached highest (26.7x10(9) SBU/L) at 36 h of fermentation with chitin supplementation of SIW. In control (without chitin), the highest value of entomotoxicity of suspended pellet (20.5x10(9) SBU/L) reached at 48 h of fermentation. A quantitative synergistic action of delta-endotoxin concentration, spore concentration and chitinase activity on the entomotoxicity against spruce budworm larvae was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Dang Vu
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
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Adjalle K, Brar S, Tyagi R, Valéro J, Surampalli R. Photostabilization of Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge based biopesticides using additives. Acta Trop 2009; 111:7-14. [PMID: 19100704 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoprotection (against UV-A and UV-B radiations) of the active components of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki obtained from the fermentation of various culture media was investigated. The culture media comprised: starch industry wastewater; secondary wastewater sludge (non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed) and soya (used as a reference). Photoprotection was carried out by using various UV-protection additives, namely, para-aminobenzoic acid, lignosulfonic acid and molasses at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%, w/w). In the absence of UV-protection agents, secondary sludge demonstrated natural UV protection with half-lives ranging from 3.25 to 3.4 d. The half-life for soya and starch industry wastewater was 1.9 and 1.8 d, respectively. Para-amino-benzoic acid as a UV-protection agent at 0.20% (w/w) gave excellent UV-protection for soya and starch industry wastewater with half-lives being 5.9 and 7 d, respectively. Likewise, lignosulfonic acid at 0.20% (w/w) was an effective photostabilizer for hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed secondary sludge with half-lives of 7.25 and 8 d, respectively. Hence, when similar concentration of the UV-protection additives was used, photoprotection was higher for the alternative media than the conventional soya medium, validating the technical feasibility of using three additives.
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Vu KD, Tyagi RD, Brar SK, Valéro JR, Surampalli RY. Starch industry wastewater for production of biopesticides--ramifications of solids concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2009; 30:393-405. [PMID: 19492550 DOI: 10.1080/09593330902753495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Total solids (TS) concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 g L(-1) of starch industry wastewater (SIW) were tested as raw material for the production of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 (Btk) biopesticide in shake flasks and a 15 L bench-scale fermenter. Shake flask studies revealed a higher delta-endotoxin concentration of Btk at 30 g L(-1) TS concentration and 2.5% (v v(-1)) volume of pre-culture. The fermenter experiments conducted using SIW at 30 g L(-1) TS concentration under controlled conditions of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen showed higher spore count, enzyme production (protease and amylase) and delta-endotoxin concentration as compared with those of SIW at 15 g L(-1) TS concentration. The entomotoxicity, at the end of fermentation, with SIW at 30 g L(-1) solids concentration (17.8 x 10(9) SBU L(-1), measured against spruce budworm) was considerably higher as compared with entomotoxicity at 15 g L(-1) solids concentration (15.3 x 10(9) SBU L(-1)) and semi-synthetic medium (11.7 x 10(9) SBU L(-1)). The pellet, comprising spores and delta-endotoxin complex obtained after centrifugation and followed by resuspension (in supernatant) in one-tenth of the original volume, of SIW at 30 g L(-1) solids concentration media registered the highest potential for application (to protect forests against spruce budworm) than other media in term of entomotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Dang Vu
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada
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Zhang XX, Jia HY, Wu B, Zhao DY, Li WX, Cheng SP. Genetic analysis of protoplast fusant Xhhh constructed for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1910-1914. [PMID: 19027290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to analyse genetic relationships between functional strain Xhhh previously constructed through protoplast fusion for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment and its parents, random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to investigate genetic similarities among the strains based on genome and functional genes analyses. A total of 739 clear and consistent bands were produced in the RAPD fingerprint analysis with 40 primers. The genetic similarity indices between Xhhh and parental strains PC (Phanerochaete chrysosporium), SC (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and XZ (native bacterium Bacillus sp.) were 36.21%, 37.73% and 37.48%, respectively. With PCR amplification and DNA sequencing, Xhhh was found containing functional genes of mnp and lip from PC, FLO1 from SC and 16S rDNA fragments from XZ. Experimental results of genetic analyses were in accordance with Xhhh biochemical and phenotypic characteristics, and protoplast fusion technique is considered as a promising technique in environmental pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, 22, Hankou Road, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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Brar SK, Verma M, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY. Value Addition of Wastewater Sludge: Future Course in Sludge Reutilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)1090-025x(2009)13:1(59)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Tzeng YM, Rao Y, Tsay KJ, Wu WS. Effect of cultivation conditions on spore production from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B128 and its antagonism to Botrytis elliptica. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:1275-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Adjalle K, Brar S, Verma M, Tyagi R, Valero J, Surampalli R. Ultrafiltration recovery of entomotoxicity from supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge. Process Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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