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Raphel S, Halami PM. Bioactive compounds from food-grade Bacillus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2025; 105:4085-4095. [PMID: 39373131 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus species have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their potential for producing various bioactive compounds with diverse functional properties. This review highlights bioactive substances from food-grade Bacillus strains and their applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. The metabolic capacities of Bacillus species have allowed them to generate a wide range of bioactive substances, including vitamins, enzymes, anti-microbial peptides, and other non-ribosomal peptides. These substances have a variety of positive effects, including potential cholesterol-lowering and immune-modulatory qualities in addition to anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial actions. The uses and mechanisms of action of these bioactive chemicals can be used to improve the functional qualities and nutritional profile of food products. Examples include the use of anti-microbial peptides to increase safety and shelf life, as well as the use of Bacillus-derived enzymes in food processing to improve digestibility and sensory qualities. The exploitation of bioactive compounds from food-grade Bacillus strains presents a promising frontier in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals with enhanced health benefits. Due to their wide range of activity and applications, they are considered as important resources for the development of novel medications, agricultural biocontrol agents, and industrial enzymes. Ongoing research into the biosynthetic pathways, functional properties, and applications of these compounds is essential to fully realize their potential in the food industry. This review underscores the significance of various bioactive compounds generated from Bacillus in tackling global issues like environmental sustainability, sustainable agriculture, and antibiotic resistance. Future developments in microbiology and biotechnology will enable us to fully utilize the potential of these amazing microbes, resulting in novel approaches to industry, agriculture, and health. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steji Raphel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Prakash Motiram Halami
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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2
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Yuan Y, Wei T, Qiang J, Wen Y, Lu J, Shi Y, Zhang J. Improving the catalytic activity and stability of Bacillus alcalophilus serine protease BAPB92 by rational design. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 283:137782. [PMID: 39557243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic activity and stability of proteases are essential for their application in the detergent industry. To enhance the catalytic properties of BAPB92, homologous sequence comparison combined with rational design was employed. Six mutants were generated: BAPB92 (A188P), BAPB92 (V262I), BAPB92 (Q239R), BAPB92 (A188P/V262I), BAPB92 (Q239R/V262I), and BAPB92 (Q239R/A188P). Remarkably, the mutant BAPB92 (A188P/V262I) exhibited the most significant improvement, exhibiting a 4.30-fold increase in kcat/Km compared to the wild type, and a 0.75-fold enhancement in thermal stability at 60 °C. The enzymatic activity of BAPB92 (A188P/V262I) reached 6511.81 U/mg, which was 2.95 times higher than that of the wild type BAPB92. Furthermore, the optimal reaction temperature of this mutant increased from 50 °C to 60 °C. The BAPB92 (A188P/V262I) mutant also showed a marked improvement in detergent stability. In sodium tripolyphosphate liquid detergent, its washing efficacy was 17.84 % higher than that of the wild type, and in methyl glycine diacetate liquid detergent, the improvement was 18.51 %. These findings suggested that BAPB92 (A188P/V262I) holds significant potential as a detergent protease in the washing industry. Structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the enhanced stability of this mutant compared to the wild type. This study provides valuable theoretical insights for the application of the serine protease BAPB92 in detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiyu Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yangxuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Lu
- College of life sciences of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yawei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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Ma Z, Mu K, Zhu J, Xiao M, Wang L, Jiang X. Molecular dynamics simulations identify the topological weak spots of a protease CN2S8A. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 124:108571. [PMID: 37487372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic enzymes are highly desired in industrial applications due to their efficient catalytic activity at high temperature. However, most enzymes exhibit inferior thermostability and it remains challenging to identify the optimal sites for designing mutations to improve protein stability. To tackle this issue, we integrated topological analysis and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to efficiently pinpoint the thermally-unstable regions in protein structures. Using a protease CN2S8A as the model, we analyzed the intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between adjacent secondary structure elements, and then identified the topological weak spots of CN2S8A where weak hydrogen bonding interactions were formed. To examine the role of these sites in protein structural stability, we designed three virtual mutations at different weak spots and characterized the effects of these mutations on the structural properties of CN2S8A. The results showed that all three mutations increased the protein structural stability. In conclusion, these findings provide a novel method to identify the topological weak spots of proteins, with implications in the rational design of biocatalysts with superior thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ma
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kaijie Mu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, 3500, Australia
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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4
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Filippova TA, Masamrekh RA, Shumyantseva VV, Latsis IA, Farafonova TE, Ilina IY, Kanashenko SL, Moshkovskii SA, Kuzikov AV. Electrochemical biosensor for trypsin activity assay based on cleavage of immobilized tyrosine-containing peptide. Talanta 2023; 257:124341. [PMID: 36821964 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a biosensor for trypsin proteolytic activity assay using immobilization of model peptides on screen-printed electrodes (SPE) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared by electrosynthetic method. Sensing of proteolytic activity was based on electrochemical oxidation of tyrosine residues of peptides. We designed peptides containing N-terminal cysteine residue for immobilization on an SPE, modified with gold nanoparticles, trypsin-specific cleavage site and tyrosine residue as a redox label. The peptides were immobilized on SPE by formation of chemical bonds between mercapto groups of the N-terminal cysteine residues and AuNPs. After the incubation with trypsin, time-dependent cleavage of the immobilized peptides was observed by decline in tyrosine electrochemical oxidation signal. The kinetic parameters of trypsin, such as the catalytic constant (kcat), the Michaelis constant (KM) and the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM), toward the CGGGRYR peptide were determined as 0.33 ± 0.01 min-1, 198 ± 24 nM and 0.0016 min-1 nM-1, respectively. Using the developed biosensor, we demonstrated the possibility of analysis of trypsin specificity toward the peptides with amino acid residues disrupting proteolysis. Further, we designed the peptides with proline or glutamic acid residues after the cleavage site (CGGRPYR and CGGREYR), and trypsin had reduced activity toward both of them according to the existing knowledge of the enzyme specificity. The developed biosensor system allows one to perform a comparative analysis of the protease steady-state kinetic parameters and specificity toward model peptides with different amino acid sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Filippova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Rami A Masamrekh
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Ivan A Latsis
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | | | - Irina Y Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Sergey L Kanashenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Sergei A Moshkovskii
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Kuzikov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.
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Zaman U, Rehman KU, Khan SU, Badshah S, Hosny KM, Alghamdi MA, Hmid HK, Alissa M, Bukhary DM, Abdelrahman EA. Production, optimization, and purification of alkaline thermotolerant protease from newly isolated Phalaris minor seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123544. [PMID: 36754264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to purify and perform a preliminary analysis on a thermostable serine alkaline protease from a recently identified P. minor. The enzyme was purified 2.7-fold with a 12.4 % recovery using Sephadex G-100 chromatography, DEAE-cellulose, and ammonium sulphate precipitation. The isolated enzyme has a specific activity of 473 U/mg. The purified protease had a molecular mass of 29 kDa, and just one band was seen, which matched the band obtained using SDS-PAGE. High thermostability was demonstrated by the enzymes, which had half-lives of 31.79 and 6.0 min (a 5.3-fold improvement), enthalpies of denaturation (ΔH°) of 119.53 and 119.35 KJ mol-1, entropies of denaturation (ΔS°) of 32.96 and 41.11 J/mol·K, and free energies of denaturation (ΔG°) of 108.87 and 105.58 KJ mol-1 for the protease enzyme. Studies on the folding and stability of alkaline proteases are important since their use in biotechnology requires that they operate in settings of extreme pH and temperature. According to the kinetic and thermodynamic properties, the protease produced by P. minor is superior to that produced by other sources and previously described plants, and it might find utility in a variety of industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University KPK, Pakistan; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Syed Badshah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Khaled M Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majd A Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Analysis, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem K Hmid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cairo Center for Laboratories, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deena M Bukhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab A Abdelrahman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
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6
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Hu J, Chang R, Yuan Y, Li Z, Wang Y. Identification of Key Residues Essential for the Activation of Plant Immunity by Subtilisin From Bacillus velezensis LJ02. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869596. [PMID: 36046019 PMCID: PMC9421249 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtilisin, a serine protease, can trigger defense responses in a wide variety of plants, both locally and systemically, to protect against pathogens. However, key residues of subtilisin to improve resistance to plant diseases remain unknown. In this study, Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) leaves expressing subtilisin from Bacillus velezensis LJ02 were shown to improve protection against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea). Furthermore, the underlying mechanism that LJ02 subtilisin improved the protective effect was explored, and the direct inhibitory effect of subtilisin on B. cinerea was excluded in vitro. Subsequently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and upregulation of resistance-related genes in systemic leaves of N. benthamiana further verified that subtilisin could induce systemic protection against B. cinerea. G307A/T308A and S213A/L214A/G215A subtilisin significantly reduced the ability to resist B. cinerea infection in N. benthamiana. Furthermore, the ROS content and expression levels of resistance-related genes of both mutants were significantly decreased compared with that of wild-type subtilisin. This work identified key residues essential for the activation function of subtilisin plant immunity and was crucial in inducing plant defense responses against B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruokui Chang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujin Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Zhuoran Li,
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanhong Wang,
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7
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Zhao Y, Zhu M, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Miao Z. A polyimide complex system decorated with ZnO nanorods with multiple antibacterial effects. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06220d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional SEM images of nano-ZnO particles coated with epoxy resin glue: (a) PI-0, (b) PI-1, (c) PI-2, and (d) PI-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Sciences, Xijing University, Xi’an, 710123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Sciences, Xijing University, Xi’an, 710123, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Sciences, Xijing University, Xi’an, 710123, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Sciences, Xijing University, Xi’an, 710123, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Sciences, Xijing University, Xi’an, 710123, China
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Abstract
Proteases are ubiquitous enzymes, having significant physiological roles in both synthesis and degradation. The use of microbial proteases in food fermentation is an age-old process, which is today being successfully employed in other industries with the advent of ‘omics’ era and innovations in genetic and protein engineering approaches. Proteases have found application in industries besides food, like leather, textiles, detergent, waste management, agriculture, animal husbandry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. With the rising demands and applications, researchers are exploring various approaches to discover, redesign, or artificially synthesize enzymes with better applicability in the industrial processes. These enzymes offer a sustainable and environmentally safer option, besides possessing economic and commercial value. Various bacterial and fungal proteases are already holding a commercially pivotal role in the industry. The current review summarizes the characteristics and types of proteases, microbial source, their current and prospective applications in various industries, and future challenges. Promoting these biocatalysts will prove significant in betterment of the modern world.
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Purification and biochemical characterization of two novel extracellular keratinases with feather-degradation and hide-dehairing potential. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Mechri S, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Bouacem K, Allala F, Bouraoui A, Ferard C, Rekik H, Noiriel A, Abousalham A, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Hacène H, Lederer F, Baciou L, Jaouadi B. Cloning and heterologous expression of subtilisin SAPN, a serine alkaline protease from Melghiribacillus thermohalophilus Nari2AT in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ben Elhoul M, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Bouacem K, Allala F, Rekik H, Mechri S, Khemir Ezzine H, Miled N, Jaouadi B. Heterologous expression and purification of keratinase from Actinomadura viridilutea DZ50: feather biodegradation and animal hide dehairing bioprocesses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9921-9934. [PMID: 33159682 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The keratin-degrading bacterium Actinomadura viridilutea DZ50 secretes a keratinase (KERDZ) with potential industrial interest. Here, the kerDZ gene was extracellularly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS using pTrc99A vector. The recombinant enzyme (rKERDZ) was purified and biochemically characterized. Results showed that the native and recombinant keratinases have similar biochemical characteristics. The conventional dehairing with lime and sodium sulfide degrades the hair to the extent that it cannot be recovered. Thus, these chemical processes become a major contributor to wastewater problem and create a lot of environmental concern. The complete dehairing was achieved with 2000 U/mL rKERDZ for 10 h at 40 °C. In fact, keratinase assisted dehairing entirely degraded chicken feather (45 mg) and removed wool/hair from rabbit, sheep, goat, or bovine' hides (1.6 kg) while preserving the collagen structure. The enzymatic process is the eco-friendly option that reduces biological (BOD) (50%) and chemical (COD) oxygen demands (60%) in leather processing. Consequently, the enzymatic hair removal process could solve the problem of post-treatments encountering the traditional leather processing. The enzymatic (rKERDZ) dehaired leather was analyzed by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies, which revealed similar fiber orientation and compactness compared with control sample. Those properties support that the rKERDZ enzyme-mediated process is greener to some extent than the traditional one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ben Elhoul
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic, and Biomolecules (LMBEB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic, and Biomolecules (LMBEB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khelifa Bouacem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fawzi Allala
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hatem Rekik
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic, and Biomolecules (LMBEB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic, and Biomolecules (LMBEB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Khemir Ezzine
- National Leather and Shoe Center (CNCC), 17, Road of leather, Z.I. Sidi Rezig, 2033, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Neila Miled
- National Leather and Shoe Center (CNCC), 17, Road of leather, Z.I. Sidi Rezig, 2033, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic, and Biomolecules (LMBEB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Ouelhadj A, Bouacem K, Asmani KL, Allala F, Mechri S, Yahiaoui M, Jaouadi B. Identification and homology modeling of a new biotechnologically compatible serine alkaline protease from moderately halotolerant Gracilibacillus boraciitolerans strain LO15. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1456-1469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Mechri S, Bouacem K, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Rekik H, Ben Elhoul M, Omrane Benmrad M, Hacene H, Bejar S, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Jaouadi B. Identification of a novel protease from the thermophilic Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis M1V and its application as laundry detergent additive. Extremophiles 2019; 23:687-706. [PMID: 31407121 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A thermostable extracellular alkaline protease (called SAPA) was produced (4600 U/mL) by Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis M1V, purified to homogeneity, and biochemically characterized. SAPA is a monomer with a molecular mass of 28 kDa estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Native-PAGE, casein-zymography, and size exclusion using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The sequence of its NH2-terminal amino-acid residues showed high homology with those of Bacillus proteases. The SAPA irreversible inhibition by diiodopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP) and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) confirmed its belonging to the serine proteases family. Optimal activity of SAPA was at pH 11 and 70 °C. The sapA gene was cloned and expressed in the extracellular fraction of E. coli. The highest sequence identity value (95%) of SAPA was obtained with peptidase S8 from Bacillus subtilis WT 168, but with 16 amino-acids of difference. The biochemical characteristics of the purified recombinant extracellular enzyme (called rSAPA) were analogous to those of native SAPA. Interestingly, rSAPA exhibit a degree of hydrolysis that were 1.24 and 2.6 than SAPB from Bacillus pumilus CBS and subtilisin A from Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. Furthermore, rSAPA showed a high detergent compatibility and an outstanding stain removal capacity compared to commercial enzymes: savinase™ 16L, type EX and alcalase™ Ultra 2.5 L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khelifa Bouacem
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), El Alia, P.O. Box 32, 16111, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.,Biotech ECOZYM Start-Up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Rekik
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.,Biotech ECOZYM Start-Up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Elhoul
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.,Biotech ECOZYM Start-Up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Omrane Benmrad
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hocine Hacene
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), El Alia, P.O. Box 32, 16111, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.,Biotech ECOZYM Start-Up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amel Bouanane-Darenfed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), El Alia, P.O. Box 32, 16111, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia. .,Biotech ECOZYM Start-Up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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14
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Omrane Benmrad M, Mechri S, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Ben Elhoul M, Rekik H, Sayadi S, Bejar S, Kechaou N, Jaouadi B. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable protease from the oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju strain CTM10057 with industrial interest. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:43. [PMID: 31262286 PMCID: PMC6604391 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteases are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze peptide linkage cleavage reactions at the level of proteins and peptides with different degrees of specificity. This group draws the attention of industry. More than one protease in three is a serine protease. Classically, they are active at neutral to alkaline pH. The serine proteases are researched for industrial uses, especially detergents. They are the most commercially available enzyme group in the world market. Overall, fungi produced extracellular proteases, easily separated from mycelium by filtration. RESULTS A new basidiomycete fungus CTM10057, a hyperproducer of a novel protease (10,500 U/mL), was identified as Pleurotus sajor-caju (oyster mushroom). The enzyme, called SPPS, was purified to homogeneity by heat-treatment (80 °C for 20 min) followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (35-55%)-dialysis, then UNO Q-6 FPLC ion-exchange chromatography and finally HPLC-ZORBAX PSM 300 HPSEC gel filtration chromatography, and submitted to biochemical characterization assays. The molecular mass was estimated to be 65 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Native-PAGE, casein-zymography, and size exclusion by HPLC. A high homology with mushroom proteases was displayed by the first 26 amino-acid residues of the NH2-terminal aminoacid sequence. Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diiodopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP) strongly inhibit SPPS, revealing that it is a member of the serine-proteases family. The pH and temperature optima were 9.5 and 70 °C, respectively. Interestingly, SPPS possesses the most elevated hydrolysis level and catalytic efficiency in comparison with SPTC, Flavourzyme® 500 L, and Thermolysin type X proteases. More remarkably, a high tolerance towards organic solvent tolerance was exhibited by SPPS, together with considerable detergent stability compared to the commercial proteases Thermolysin type X and Flavourzyme® 500 L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This proves the excellent proprieties characterizing SPPS, making it a potential candidate for industrial applications especially detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Omrane Benmrad
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Elhoul
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Rekik
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses (LEBP), LMI COSYS-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Kechaou
- Research Group of Agro-Food Processing Engineering (GP2A), Laboratory of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Process Engineering and Environment, National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Road of Soukra Km 4, P.O. Box 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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15
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Mechri S, Bouacem K, Jabeur F, Mohamed S, Addou NA, Dab A, Bouraoui A, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Bejar S, Hacène H, Baciou L, Lederer F, Jaouadi B. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable and halotolerant subtilisin SAPN, a serine protease from Melghiribacillus thermohalophilus Nari2A T for chitin extraction from crab and shrimp shell by-products. Extremophiles 2019; 23:529-547. [PMID: 31236718 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the purification and biochemical characterization of a novel extracellular serine alkaline protease, subtilisin (called SAPN) from Melghiribacillus thermohalophilus Nari2AT. The highest yield of protease (395 IU/g) with white shrimp shell by-product (40 g/L) as a unique source of nutriments in the growth medium was achieved after 52 h at 55 °C. The monomeric enzyme of about 30 kDa was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, followed by sequential column chromatographies. The optimum pH and temperature values for subtilisin activity were pH 10 and 75 °C, respectively, and half lives of 9 and 5 h at 80 and 90 °C, respectively. The sequence of the 25 NH2-terminal residues pertaining of SAPN exhibited a high homology with those of Bacillus subtilisins. The inhibition by DFP and PMSF indicates that this enzyme belongs to the serine proteases family. SAPN was found to be effective in the deproteinization (DDP %) of blue swimming crab (Portunus segnis) and white shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) by-products, with a degree of 65 and 82%, respectively. The commercial and the two chitins obtained in this work showed a similar peak pattern in Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, suggesting that SAPN is suitable for the bio-production of chitin from shell by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khelifa Bouacem
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fadoua Jabeur
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sara Mohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nariman Ammara Addou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ahlam Dab
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Bouraoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (LCP), CNRS UMR 8000, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Amel Bouanane-Darenfed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hocine Hacène
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Laura Baciou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (LCP), CNRS UMR 8000, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Florence Lederer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (LCP), CNRS UMR 8000, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia. .,Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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16
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Razzaq A, Shamsi S, Ali A, Ali Q, Sajjad M, Malik A, Ashraf M. Microbial Proteases Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:110. [PMID: 31263696 PMCID: PMC6584820 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chemicals around the globe in different industries has increased tremendously, affecting the health of people. The modern world intends to replace these noxious chemicals with environmental friendly products for the betterment of life on the planet. Establishing enzymatic processes in spite of chemical processes has been a prime objective of scientists. Various enzymes, specifically microbial proteases, are the most essentially used in different corporate sectors, such as textile, detergent, leather, feed, waste, and others. Proteases with respect to physiological and commercial roles hold a pivotal position. As they are performing synthetic and degradative functions, proteases are found ubiquitously, such as in plants, animals, and microbes. Among different producers of proteases, Bacillus sp. are mostly commercially exploited microbes for proteases. Proteases are successfully considered as an alternative to chemicals and an eco-friendly indicator for nature or the surroundings. The evolutionary relationship among acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases has been analyzed based on their protein sequences, but there remains a lack of information that regulates the diversity in their specificity. Researchers are looking for microbial proteases as they can tolerate harsh conditions, ways to prevent autoproteolytic activity, stability in optimum pH, and substrate specificity. The current review focuses on the comparison among different proteases and the current problems faced during production and application at the industrial level. Deciphering these issues would enable us to promote microbial proteases economically and commercially around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Razzaq
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Sadia Shamsi
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, The Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arfan Ali
- 1-FB, Genetics, Four Brothers Group, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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17
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Hamiche S, Mechri S, Khelouia L, Annane R, El Hattab M, Badis A, Jaouadi B. Purification and biochemical characterization of two keratinases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S13 isolated from marine brown alga Zonaria tournefortii with potential keratin-biodegradation and hide-unhairing activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:758-769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Rekik H, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Gargouri F, Bejar W, Frikha F, Jmal N, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. Production, purification and biochemical characterization of a novel detergent-stable serine alkaline protease from Bacillus safensis strain RH12. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1227-1239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Rekik H, Frikha F, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Gargouri F, Jmal N, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. Gene cloning, expression, molecular modeling and docking study of the protease SAPRH from Bacillus safensis strain RH12. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:876-891. [PMID: 30557638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sapRH gene, which encodes the serine alkaline protease SAPRH, from Bacillus safensis RH12, was isolated and its DNA sequence was determined. The deduced amino-acid sequence showed strong homology with other Bacillus proteases. The highest sequence identity value (97%) was obtained with SAPB from B. pumilus CBS, with only 9 amino-acids of difference. The region, encoding SAPRH was heterologously expressed in E. coli BL21-AI™ cells using GATEWAY™ pDEST™17 expression-vector. The recombinant (His)6-tag enzyme (His6-rSAPRH) was purified in a single affinity chromatography step and its biochemical properties were determined and compared to those of SAPRH and rSAPB. Interestingly, His6-rSAPRH showed improved thermostability compared to SAPRH and rSAPB. The molecular dynamics of SAPRH compared to SAPB revealed a more thermostable structure, thus confirming the in vitro results showing that His6-rSAPRH has a t1/2 of 120 min against 90 and 30 min for SAPRH and rSAPB, respectively, at 70 °C and different kinetic parameters to synthetic peptides. The docking simulations data allow in getting an insight into the involvement of some key amino-acids in substrate binding and account for the selectivity. Overall, this is the first report of a sapRH gene cloned from B. safensis which can be a promising potential candidate for future applications in detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Rekik
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour, Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; STE JMAL (EJM)-Laundry Detergent Industry, Z.I. Avenue August 13, Z.I. Poudriere 1, P.O. Box 407, Boustene, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour, Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour, Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Fares Gargouri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour, Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Najah Jmal
- STE JMAL (EJM)-Laundry Detergent Industry, Z.I. Avenue August 13, Z.I. Poudriere 1, P.O. Box 407, Boustene, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour, Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour, Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia.
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20
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Lakshmi B, Muni Kumar D, Hemalatha K. Purification and characterization of alkaline protease with novel properties from Bacillus cereus strain S8. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:295-304. [PMID: 30733738 PMCID: PMC6354005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are the hydrolytic enzymes which hydrolyzes peptide bond between proteins with paramount applications in pharmaceutical and industrial sector. Therefore production of proteases with efficient characteristics of biotechnological interest from novel strain is significant. Hence, in this study, an alkaline serine protease produced by Bacillus cereus strain S8 (MTCC NO 11901) was purified and characterized. The alkaline protease was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (50%), ion exchange (DEAE-Cellulose) and gel filtration (Sephadex G-100) chromatographic techniques. As a result of this purification, a protein with specific activity of 300U/mg protein was obtained with purification fold 17.04 and recovery percentage of 34.6%. The molecular weight of the purified protease was determined using SDS-PAGE under non-reducing (71 kDa) and reducing conditions (35 kDa and 22 kDa). Zymogram analysis revealed that proteolytic activity was only associated with 22 kDa. These results indicate that existence of the enzyme as dimer in its native state. The molecular weight of the protease (22 kDa) was also determined by gel filtration (Sephadex G-200) chromatography and it was calculated as 21.8 kDa. The optimum activity of the protease was observed at pH 10.0 and temperature 70 °C with great stability towards pH and temperature with casein as a specific substrate. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF and TLCK indicating that it is a serine protease of trypsin type. The enzyme exhibits a great stability towards organic solvents, oxidizing and bleaching agents and it is negatively influenced by Li2+ and Co2+ metal ions. The purified protein was further characterized by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization/Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI/MS) analysis which reveals that total number of amino acids is 208 with isoelectric point 9.52.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K.P.J Hemalatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
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21
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A novel alkaline protease from alkaliphilic Idiomarina sp. C9-1 with potential application for eco-friendly enzymatic dehairing in the leather industry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16467. [PMID: 30405184 PMCID: PMC6220337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline proteases have a myriad of potential applications in many industrial processes such as detergent, food and feed production, waste management and the leather industry. In this study, we isolated several alkaline protease producing bacteria from soda lake soil samples. A novel serine alkaline protease (AprA) gene from alkaliphilic Idiomarina sp. C9-1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified AprA and its pre-peptidase C-terminal (PPC) domain-truncated enzyme (AprA-PPC) showed maximum activity at pH 10.5 and 60 °C, and were active and stable in a wide range of pH and temperature. Ca2+ significantly improved the thermostability and increased the optimal temperature to 70 °C. Furthermore, both AprA and AprA-PPC showed good tolerance to surfactants and oxidizing and reducing agents. We found that the PPC domain contributed to AprA activity, thermostability and surfactant tolerance. With casein as substrate, AprA and AprA-PPC showed the highest specific activity of 42567.1 U mg−1 and 99511.9 U mg−1, the Km values of 3.76 mg ml−1 and 3.98 mg ml−1, and the Vmax values of 57538.5 U mg−1 and 108722.1 U mg−1, respectively. Secreted expression of AprA-PPC in Bacillus subtilis after 48 h cultivation resulted in yield of 4935.5 U ml−1 with productivity of 102.8 U ml−1 h−1, which is the highest reported in literature to date. Without adding any lime or sodium sulfide, both of which are harmful pollutants, AprA-PPC was effective in dehairing cattle hide and skins of goat, pig and rabbit in 8–12 h without causing significant damage to hairs and grain surface. Our results suggest that AprA-PPC may have great potentials for ecofriendly dehairing of animal skins in the leather industry.
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22
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Omrane Benmrad M, Moujehed E, Ben Elhoul M, Mechri S, Bejar S, Zouari R, Baffoun A, Jaouadi B. Production, purification, and biochemical characterization of serine alkaline protease from Penicillium chrysogenium strain X5 used as excellent bio-additive for textile processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1002-1016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Characterization of Bacillus Species with Keratinase and Cellulase Properties Isolated from Feather Dumping Soil and Cockroach Gut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-018-1026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Contesini FJ, Melo RRD, Sato HH. An overview of Bacillus proteases: from production to application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:321-334. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1354354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Jares Contesini
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Food Science, College of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Rodrigues de Melo
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Food Science, College of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélia Harumi Sato
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Food Science, College of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Mechri S, Ben Elhoul Berrouina M, Omrane Benmrad M, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Rekik H, Moujehed E, Chebbi A, Sayadi S, Chamkha M, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. Characterization of a novel protease from Aeribacillus pallidus strain VP3 with potential biotechnological interest. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:221-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Ma Y, Shen W, Chen X, Liu L, Zhou Z, Xu F, Yang H. Significantly enhancing recombinant alkaline amylase production in Bacillus subtilis by integration of a novel mutagenesis-screening strategy with systems-level fermentation optimization. J Biol Eng 2016; 10:13. [PMID: 27777616 PMCID: PMC5067897 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-016-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alkaline amylase has significant potential for applications in the textile, paper and detergent industries, however, low yield of which cannot meet the requirement of industrial application. In this work, a novel ARTP mutagenesis-screening method and fermentation optimization strategies were used to significantly improve the expression level of recombinant alkaline amylase in B. subtilis 168. Results The activity of alkaline amylase in mutant B. subtilis 168 mut-16# strain was 1.34-fold greater than that in the wild-type, and the highest specific production rate was improved from 1.31 U/(mg·h) in the wild-type strain to 1.57 U/(mg·h) in the mutant strain. Meanwhile, the growth of B. subtilis was significantly enhanced by ARTP mutagenesis. When the agitation speed was 550 rpm, the highest activity of recombinant alkaline amylase was 1.16- and 1.25-fold of the activities at 450 and 650 rpm, respectively. When the concentration of soluble starch and soy peptone in the initial fermentation medium was doubled, alkaline amylase activity was increased 1.29-fold. Feeding hydrolyzed starch and soy peptone mixture or glucose significantly improved cell growth, but inhibited the alkaline amylase production in B. subtilis 168 mut-16#. The highest alkaline amylase activity by feeding hydrolyzed starch reached 591.4 U/mL, which was 1.51-fold the activity by feeding hydrolyzed starch and soy peptone mixture. Single pulse feeding-based batch feeding at 10 h favored the production of alkaline amylase in B. subtilis 168 mut-16#. Conclusion The results indicated that this novel ARTP mutagenesis-screening method could significantly improve the yield of recombinant proteins in B. subtilis. Meanwhile, fermentation optimization strategies efficiently promoted expression of recombinant alkaline amylase in B. subtilis 168 mut-16#. These findings have great potential for facilitating the industrial-scale production of alkaline amylase and other enzymes, using B. subtilis cultures as microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Wei Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Long Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Fei Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Haiquan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
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27
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Wu C, Liu D, Yang X, Wu R, Zhang J, Huang J, He H. Improving Production of Protease from Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423 by Random Mutagenesis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:610-618. [PMID: 27752851 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423, a marine strain, can express a major protease designated as E423 and it was secreted into the supernatant. To improve the protease E423 yield, Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423 was subjected to mutagenesis using UV irradiation. Mutant strain with 5.1-fold higher protease yield was isolated and named as Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423-M. Three protease bands were detected by zymography with casein as substrate, and results of mass spectrometry (MS) showed that two lower molecular weight protein bands were the same protease but with different mature forms. The entire protease operon was sequenced and no mutation was found. Mutant strain-associated changes of expression levels of protease synthesis and secretion-related genes were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mutant strain had higher expression of e423 than wild-type strain. Such result was consistent with protease activity profiles. Moreover, the mutant strain had higher transcriptional levels of citrate synthase (cs), α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase (kgd), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI), tolC, hlyD (membrane protein), luxR3, luxO, and luxT (transcriptional regulator). However, hexokinase (hk), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 (pd-e1), epsD (membrane protein), and luxR1 remained unchanged, and luxR2 decreased sharply in the mutant. These results suggested that the redox pathway was promoted in the mutant strain, and LuxR family transcriptional regulators in Pseudoalteromonas spp. may play some role in regulating protease expression. Meanwhile, the secretion of extracellular protease was closely related to ABC transport system. These results may shed some light on the molecular mechanism underlying higher yield of protease E423 from Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Wu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xinghao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ribang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiafeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Biochemical and molecular characterization of new keratinoytic protease from Actinomadura viridilutea DZ50. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:299-315. [PMID: 27387016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new extracellular thermostable keratinolytic protease, designated KERDZ, was purified and characterized from a thermophilic actinomycetes Actinomadura viridilutea DZ50 isolated from Algerian fishing port. The isolate exhibited high keratinase production when grown in chicken-feather meal media (18,000U/ml) after 96-h of incubation at 45°C. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (35-55%)-dialysis and heat treatment (30min at 75°C) followed by UNO S-1 FPLC cation exchange chromatography and size exclusion HPLC column. The biochemical characterizations carried on include physico-chemical determination and spectroscopic analysis. The MALDI-TOF/MS analysis revealed that the purified enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 19536.10-Da. The sequence of the 25 N-terminal residues of KERDZ showed high homology with those of actinomycetes keratinases. Optimal activity was achieved at pH 11 and 80°C. KERDZ was completely inhibited by PMSF and DFP suggested its belonging to the serine keratinase family. KERDZ displayed higher levels of hydrolysis and catalytic efficiency than bacterial keratinases (KERAK-29, Actinase E, and KERAB) and subtilisins (subtilisin Carlsberg and subtilisin Novo). The kerDZ gene encoding KERDZ was isolated and its DNA sequence was determined. These properties make KERDZ a potential, promising and eco-friendly alternative to the conventional chemicals used for industrial applications.
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29
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Omrane Benmrad M, Moujehed E, Ben Elhoul M, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Mechri S, Rekik H, Kourdali S, El Hattab M, Badis A, Sayadi S, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. A novel organic solvent- and detergent-stable serine alkaline protease from Trametes cingulata strain CTM10101. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:961-72. [PMID: 27296442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A protease-producing fungus was isolated from an alkaline wastewater of chemical industries and identified as Trametes cingulata strain CTM10101 on the basis of the ITS rDNA gene-sequencing. It was observed that the fungus strongly produce extracellular protease grown at 30°C in potato-dextrose-broth (PDB) optimized media (13500U/ml). The pure serine protease isolated by Trametes cingulata (designated SPTC) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation-dialysis followed by heat-treatment and UNO S-1 FPLC cation-exchange chromatography. The chemical characterization carried on include phisico-chemical determination and spectroscopie analysis. The MALDI-TOF/MS analysis revealed that the purified enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 31405.16-Da. The enzyme had an NH2-terminal sequence of ALTTQTEAPWALGTVSHKGQAST, thus sharing high homology with those of fungal-proteases. The optimum pH and temperature values of its proteolytic activity were pH 9 and 60°C, respectively, and its half-life times at 60 and 70°C were 9 and 5-h, respectively. It was completely inhibited by PMSF and DFP, which strongly suggested its belonging to the serine protease family. Compared to Flavourzyme(®)500L from Aspergillus oryzae and Thermolysin typeX from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, SPTC displayed higher levels of hydrolysis, substrate specificity, and catalytic efficiency as well as elevated organic solvent tolerance and considerable detergent stability. Finally, SPTC could potentially be used in peptide synthesis and detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Omrane Benmrad
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Emna Moujehed
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Elhoul
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Rekik
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sidali Kourdali
- National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) 11, Bd Amirouche PO Box 67, BouIsmaïl, 42415 Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Mohamed El Hattab
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules (LNPCB), University of Blida 1, Road of Soumaâ, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdelmalek Badis
- National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) 11, Bd Amirouche PO Box 67, BouIsmaïl, 42415 Tipaza, Algeria; Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules (LNPCB), University of Blida 1, Road of Soumaâ, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, LMI COSYS-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia.
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30
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Bouacem K, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Joseph M, Hacene H, Ollivier B, Fardeau ML, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. Novel serine keratinase from Caldicoprobacter algeriensis exhibiting outstanding hide dehairing abilities. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Purification and partial characterization of serine-metallokeratinase from a newly isolated Bacillus pumilus NRC21. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:189-96. [PMID: 26802243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A serine metallokeratinase enzyme (30 kDa) produced by a newly isolated Bacillus strain (Bacillus pumilus NRC21) cultivated under optimized conditions in medium containing chicken feather meal was purified and characterized in a set of biochemical assays. The purification was carried out using two successive chromatographic steps; cation exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose and gel filtration on sephadex G-100 columns. The purified enzyme showed a specific activity of 2000 units/mg protein against 170 units/mg protein for crude extract with 12 fold purification. The enzymatic activity of the keratinase stimulated by (Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+)), Hg(+2) had no effect, and inhibited by entire tested cations, serine and metalloproteinase inhibitors, therefore it can be considered as a serine metalloenzyme. The optimum pH and temperature for the purified enzyme were (7.5, 8.5) and (50, 45 °C) when using keratin azure and azocasein as substrates, respectively. The purified enzyme was highly stable at broad pH and temperature ranged (5-10) and (20-60 °C), respectively and its thermoactivity and thermostability were enhanced in the presence of 5 mM Mg(+2). These results suggest that the purified keratinase may be used in several industrial applications.
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32
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Yang L, Wang H, Lv Y, Bai Y, Luo H, Shi P, Huang H, Yao B. Construction of a Rapid Feather-Degrading Bacterium by Overexpression of a Highly Efficient Alkaline Keratinase in Its Parent Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens K11. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:78-84. [PMID: 26671753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Keratinase is essential to degrade the main feather component, keratin, and is of importance for wide industrial applications. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain K11 was found to have significant feather-degrading capacity (completely degraded whole feathers within 24 h). The keratinase encoding gene, kerK, was expressed in Bacillus subtilis SCK6. The purified recombinant KerK showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 11.0 and degraded whole feathers within 0.5 h in the presence of DTT. The recombinant plasmids harboring kerK were extracted from B. subtilis SCK6 and transformed into B. amyloliquefaciens K11. As a result, the recombinant B. amyloliquefaciens K11 exhibited enhanced feather-degrading capacity with shortened reaction time within 12 h and increased keratinolytic activity (1500 U/mL) by 6-fold. This efficient and rapid feather-degrading character makes the recombinant strain of B. amyloliquefaciens K11 have potential for applications in feather meal preparation and waste feather disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Zaraî Jaouadi N, Rekik H, Ben Elhoul M, Zohra Rahem F, Gorgi Hila C, Slimene Ben Aicha H, Badis A, Toumi A, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. A novel keratinase from Bacillus tequilensis strain Q7 with promising potential for the leather bating process. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:952-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Purification and biochemical characterization of two detergent-stable serine alkaline proteases from Streptomyces sp. strain AH4. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1079-92. [PMID: 26002109 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. strain AH4 exhibited a high ability to produce two extracellular proteases when cultured on a yeast malt-extract (ISP2)-casein-based medium. Pure proteins were obtained after heat treatment (30 min at 70 °C) and ammonium sulphate fractionation (30-60 %), followed by size exclusion HPLC column. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the purified enzymes (named SAPS-P1 and SAPS-P2) were monomers with molecular masses of 36,417.13 and 21,099.10 Da, respectively. Their identified N-terminal amino acid displayed high homologies with those of Streptomyces proteases. While SAPS-P1 was optimally active at pH 12.0 and 70 °C, SAPS-P2 showed optimum activity at pH 10.0 and 60 °C. Both enzymes were completely stable within a wide range of temperature (45-75 °C) and pH (8.0-11.5). They were noted to be completely inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and diisopropyl fluorophosphates, which confirmed their belonging to the serine proteases family. Compared to SAPS-P2, SAPS-P1 showed high thermostability and excellent stability towards bleaching, denaturing, and oxidizing agents. Both enzymes displayed marked stability and compatibility with a wide range of commercial laundry detergents and significant catalytic efficiencies compared to Subtilisin Carlsberg and Protease SG-XIV. Overall, the results indicated that SAPS-P1 and SAPS-P2 can be considered as potential promising candidates for future application as bioadditives in detergent formulations.
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Zaraî Jaouadi N, Jaouadi B, Ben Hlima H, Rekik H, Belhoul M, Hmidi M, Aicha HSB, Hila CG, Toumi A, Aghajari N, Bejar S. Probing the crucial role of Leu31 and Thr33 of the Bacillus pumilus CBS alkaline protease in substrate recognition and enzymatic depilation of animal hide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108367. [PMID: 25264614 PMCID: PMC4181652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The sapB gene, encoding Bacillus pumilus CBS protease, and seven mutated genes (sapB-L31I, sapB-T33S, sapB-N99Y, sapB-L31I/T33S, sapB-L31I/N99Y, sapB-T33S/N99Y, and sapB-L31I/T33S/N99Y) were overexpressed in protease-deficient Bacillus subtilis DB430 and purified to homogeneity. SAPB-N99Y and rSAPB displayed the highest levels of keratinolytic activity, hydrolysis efficiency, and enzymatic depilation. Interestingly, and at the semi-industrial scale, rSAPB efficiently removed the hair of goat hides within a short time interval of 8 h, thus offering a promising opportunity for the attainment of a lime and sulphide-free depilation process. The efficacy of the process was supported by submitting depilated pelts and dyed crusts to scanning electron microscopic analysis, and the results showed well opened fibre bundles and no apparent damage to the collagen layer. The findings also revealed better physico-chemical properties and less effluent loads, which further confirmed the potential candidacy of the rSAPB enzyme for application in the leather industry to attain an ecofriendly process of animal hide depilation. More interestingly, the findings on the substrate specificity and kinetic properties of the enzyme using the synthetic peptide para-nitroanilide revealed strong preferences for an aliphatic amino-acid (valine) at position P1 for keratinases and an aromatic amino-acid (phenylalanine) at positions P1/P4 for subtilisins. Molecular modeling suggested the potential involvement of a Leu31 residue in a network of hydrophobic interactions, which could have shaped the S4 substrate binding site. The latter could be enlarged by mutating L31I, fitting more easily in position P4 than a phenylalanine residue. The molecular modeling of SAPB-T33S showed a potential S2 subside widening by a T33S mutation, thus suggesting its importance in substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- * E-mail: (BJ); (SB)
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Rekik
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Belhoul
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Maher Hmidi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Chiraz Gorgi Hila
- National Leather and Shoe Center (CNCC), Mégrine, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Abdessatar Toumi
- National Leather and Shoe Center (CNCC), Mégrine, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Nushin Aghajari
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography and Structural Biology of Therapeutic Targets, Molecular and Structural Bases of Infectious Systems, UMR 5086-CNRS-University of Lyon 1, Institute for the Biology and Chemistry of Proteins (IBCP), FR3302, Lyon, France
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- * E-mail: (BJ); (SB)
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Barylski J, Nowicki G, Goździcka-Józefiak A. The discovery of phiAGATE, a novel phage infecting Bacillus pumilus, leads to new insights into the phylogeny of the subfamily Spounavirinae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86632. [PMID: 24466180 PMCID: PMC3900605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus phage phiAGATE is a novel myovirus isolated from the waters of Lake Góreckie (a eutrophic lake in western Poland). The bacteriophage infects Bacillus pumilus, a bacterium commonly observed in the mentioned reservoir. Analysis of the phiAGATE genome (149844 base pairs) resulted in 204 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDSs), of which 53 could be functionally annotated. Further investigation revealed that the bacteriophage is a member of a previously undescribed cluster of phages (for the purposes of this study we refer to it as "Bastille group") within the Spounavirinae subfamily. Here we demonstrate that these viruses constitute a distinct branch of the Spounavirinae phylogenetic tree, with limited similarity to phages from the Twortlikevirus and Spounalikevirus genera. The classification of phages from the Bastille group into any currently accepted genus proved extremely difficult, prompting concerns about the validity of the present taxonomic arrangement of the subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Barylski
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nowicki
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Biochemical and molecular characterization of a serine keratinase from Brevibacillus brevis US575 with promising keratin-biodegradation and hide-dehairing activities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76722. [PMID: 24146914 PMCID: PMC3795758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehairing is one of the highly polluting operations in the leather industry. The conventional lime-sulfide process used for dehairing produces large amounts of sulfide, which poses serious toxicity and disposal problems. This operation also involves hair destruction, a process that leads to increased chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solid (TSS) loads in the effluent. With these concerns in mind, enzyme-assisted dehairing has often been proposed as an alternative method. The main enzyme preparations so far used involved keratinases. The present paper reports on the purification of an extracellular keratinase (KERUS) newly isolated from Brevibacillus brevis strain US575. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis revealed that the purified enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 29121.11 Da. The sequence of the 27 N-terminal residues of KERUS showed high homology with those of Bacillus keratinases. Optimal activity was achieved at pH 8 and 40°C. Its thermoactivity and thermostability were upgraded in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+. The enzyme was completely inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diiodopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP), which suggests that it belongs to the serine protease family. KERUS displayed higher levels of hydrolysis, substrate specificity, and catalytic efficiency than NUE 12 MG and KOROPON® MK EG keratinases. The enzyme also exhibited powerful keratinolytic activity that made it able to accomplish the entire feather-biodegradation process on its own. The kerUS gene encoding KERUS was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The biochemical properties of the extracellular purified recombinant enzyme (rKERUS) were similar to those of native KERUS. Overall, the findings provide strong support for the potential candidacy of this enzyme as an effective and eco-friendly alternative to the conventional chemicals used for the dehairing of rabbit, goat, sheep and bovine hides in the leather processing industry.
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Jaouadi B, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Rekik H, Naili B, Beji A, Dhouib A, Bejar S. Biochemical and molecular characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CTM50182 organic solvent-stable elastase. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:165-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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