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Fazzino F, Frontera P, Malara A, Pedullà A, Calabrò PS. Effects of carbon-based conductive materials on semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste and waste activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142077. [PMID: 38643843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and waste activated sludge (WAS) are the most produced organic waste streams in urban centres. Their anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) allows to generate methane (CH4) and digestate employable as renewable energy source and soil amendment, respectively, fully in accordance with circular bioeconomy principles. However, the widespread adoption of such technology is limited by relatively low CH4 yields that fail to bridge the gap between benefits and costs. Among strategies to boost AcoD of OFMSW and WAS, use of conductive materials (CMs) to promote interspecies electron transfer has gained increasing attention. This paper presents one of the few experimental attempts of investigating the effects of four different carbon(C)-based CMs (i.e., granular activated carbon - GAC, graphite - GR, graphene oxide - GO, and carbon nanotubes - CNTs) separately added in semi-continuous AcoD of OFMSW and thickened WAS. The presence of C-based CMs has been observed to improve CH4 yield of the control process. Specifically, after 63 days of operation (concentrations of GAC and GR of 10.0 g/L and of GO and CNTs of 0.2 g/L), 0.186 NL/gVS, 0.191 NL/gVS, 0.203 NL/gVS, and 0.195 NL/gVS of CH4 were produced in reactors supplemented with GAC, GR, GO, and CNTs, respectively, compared to 0.177 NL/gVS produced in the control process. Likewise, at the end of the test (i.e., after 105 days at concentrations of C-based CMs half of the initial ones), CH4 yields were 0.193 NL/gVS, 0.201 NL/gVS, 0.211 NL/gVS, and 0.206 NL/gVS in reactors supplemented with GAC, GR, GO, and CNTs, respectively, compared to 0.186 NL/gVS of the control process. Especially with regard to GR, GO, and CNTs, results obtained in the present study represent a significant advance of the knowledge on the effects of such C-based CMs to realistic and scalable AD process conditions respect to previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Fazzino
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Frontera
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Zehender, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Angela Malara
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Zehender, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Altea Pedullà
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Zehender, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Paolo S Calabrò
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Zehender, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Issahaku M, Derkyi NSA, Kemausuor F. A systematic review of the design considerations for the operation and maintenance of small-scale biogas digesters. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24019. [PMID: 38230247 PMCID: PMC10789629 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This review investigates small-scale biogas digesters' design and construction considerations to address biogas digesters' failures shortly after installation. The frequent failures of small-scale or household biogas digesters negatively affect its adoption as a clean domestic cooking fuel in developing countries, affecting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7. The study considered Scopus database-indexed peer-reviewed journals published between 2000 and 2022. Selected papers focussed on real-time monitoring, stirring mechanisms, and temperature control systems based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria with initial search results of 4751 documents, narrowing to 55 papers. The PRISMA 2020 statement was adopted to conduct the study. The study highlights the importance of incorporating a real-time monitoring system as a design factor in small-scale biogas digesters for successful operation and maintenance. The study's findings may be helpful to practitioners, policymakers, and researchers promoting sustainable energy and waste management solutions in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarick Issahaku
- Regional Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Energy Technology Centre, School of Engineering, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Nana Sarfo Agyemang Derkyi
- Regional Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Francis Kemausuor
- The Brew-Hammond Energy Center, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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3
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Kalita S, Ohlsson JA, Karlsson Potter H, Nordberg Å, Sandgren M, Hansson PA. Energy performance of compressed biomethane gas production from co-digestion of Salix and dairy manure: factoring differences between Salix varieties. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:165. [PMID: 37924121 PMCID: PMC10625243 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Biogas from anaerobic digestion is a versatile energy carrier that can be upgraded to compressed biomethane gas (CBG) as a renewable and sustainable alternative to natural gas. Organic residues and energy crops are predicted to be major sources of bioenergy production in the future. Pre-treatment can reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic energy crops such as Salix to anaerobic digestion, making it a potential biogas feedstock. This lignocellulosic material can be co-digested with animal manure, which has the complementary effect of increasing volumetric biogas yield. Salix varieties exhibit variations in yield, composition and biomethane potential values, which can have a significant effect on the overall biogas production system. This study assessed the impact of Salix varietal differences on the overall mass and energy balance of a co-digestion system using steam pre-treated Salix biomass and dairy manure (DaM) to produce CBG as the final product. Six commercial Salix varieties cultivated under unfertilised and fertilised conditions were compared. Energy and mass flows along this total process chain, comprising Salix cultivation, steam pre-treatment, biogas production and biogas upgrading to CBG, were evaluated. Two scenarios were considered: a base scenario without heat recovery and a scenario with heat recovery. The results showed that Salix variety had a significant effect on energy output-input ratio (R), with R values in the base scenario of 1.57-1.88 and in the heat recovery scenario of 2.36-2.94. In both scenarios, unfertilised var. Tordis was the best energy performer, while the fertilised var. Jorr was the worst. Based on this energy performance, Salix could be a feasible feedstock for co-digestion with DaM, although its R value was at the lower end of the range reported previously for energy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kalita
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas A Ohlsson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Karlsson Potter
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Nordberg
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Hansson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
In recent years, the number of articles reporting the addition of nanomaterials to enhance the process of anaerobic digestion has exponentially increased. The benefits of this addition can be observed from different aspects: an increase in biogas production, enrichment of methane in biogas, elimination of foaming problems, a more stable and robust operation, absence of inhibition problems, etc. In the literature, one of the current focuses of research on this topic is the mechanism responsible for this enhancement. In this sense, several hypotheses have been formulated, with the effect on the redox potential caused by nanoparticles probably being the most accepted, although supplementation with trace materials coming from nanomaterials and the changes in microbial populations have been also highlighted. The types of nanomaterials tested for the improvement of anaerobic digestion is today very diverse, although metallic and, especially, iron-based nanoparticles, are the most frequently used. In this paper, the abovementioned aspects are systematically reviewed. Another challenge that is treated is the lack of works reported in the continuous mode of operation, which hampers the commercial use of nanoparticles in full-scale anaerobic digesters.
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A New Biorefinery Approach for the Full Valorisation of Anchovy Residues: Use of the Sludge Generated during the Extraction of Fish Oil as a Nitrogen Supplement in Anaerobic Digestion. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several anchovies species are captured all over the world; they are consumed fresh but also preserved by the industry, either by brine-fermentation or canning in oil. The industrial process generates large amounts of residue (about 50% of the original fish biomass) that is generally used to produce fish flour. In this paper, the advancement of a recently proposed process for the full valorisation of anchovies aimed at the extraction of fish oil (to be used as an omega-3 source) and at the production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion is presented. Particularly, in the experiments presented, a co-digestion of anchovy sludge—used as a nitrogen supplement—and market waste (5% and 95% on a Total Solids basis) was performed. Since the proposed extraction process uses, as a green-solvent, d-limonene, the well-known problems of toxicity for the anaerobic biomass must be overcome during the digestion process. As discussed below, the granular activated carbon (GAC) is used to reclaim and improve anaerobic digestion processes in a reactor displaying clear signs of inhibition. In fact, GAC demonstrates multiple benefits for anaerobic digestion, such as adsorption of toxic substances, biomass selection, and triggering of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET).
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Lee JTE, Khan MU, Dai Y, Tong YW, Ahring BK. Influence of wet oxidation pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and addition of clarified manure on anaerobic digestion of oil palm empty fruit bunches. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125033. [PMID: 33826979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food and energy requirements are increasing globally, and the challenge is to meet these demands in a sustainable manner. Oil palm has a relatively high productivity, but produces the lignocellulosic residue of empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). In this study, wet oxidation pretreatment is utilized to overcome the recalcitrance of OPEFB during semi-continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) with between 19.7 and 52.7% improvement over the control, and near total cellulose and hemicellulose content could be degraded. Clarified manure, the water phase of cattle and dairy manure after filtration, is further tested for its effect on methane production by providing necessary micronutrients and vitamins. An increase of 49% was found after addition of clarified manure to OPEFB compared to without this addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T E Lee
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tricities, Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, United States; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tricities, Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, United States; Department of Energy System Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Yanjun Dai
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, NUS, Singapore.
| | - Birgitte K Ahring
- Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tricities, Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, United States
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Wehner M, Lichtmannegger T, Robra S, do Carmo Precci Lopes A, Ebner C, Bockreis A. Determination of the dewatered digestate amounts and methane yields from the co-digestion of biowaste as a basis for a cost-benefit analysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 126:632-642. [PMID: 33866139 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Co-digestion is the simultaneous digestion of two or more substrates and a common practice at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The amounts of methane and digested sludge produced are key parameters for evaluating the economic efficiency of co-digestion. However, the share of dewatered digestate produced from co-substrates is not known. Synergistic effects in co-digestion, i.e. a better biodegradability compared to the mono-digestion of each substrate, might reduce the amounts of digested sludge and increase methane yields. However, these effects might also influence the calculation of methane and digestate quantities from co-substrates. The main objective of this work was to provide a basis for the cost-benefit analysis of biowaste (BW) co-digestion at WWTPs for this data. Therefore, continuous and batch experiments with sewage sludge (SS) and BW co-digestion were conducted and evaluated for methane and digestate production, and possible synergistic effects. BW co-digestion led to an additional production of 0.35 t total solids (TS) of dewatered sludge per ton TSadded in continuous and 0.23 t TS of dewatered sludge per ton of TSadded in batch experiments. The methane yield from BW was 441 L/kg TSadded in continuous experiments and 482 L/kg TSadded batch test. No synergistic effects were observed in both batch and continuous co-digestion experiments. Batch tests were found to be suitable for a rough estimation of the co-digestion economic efficiency key parameters. Continuous experiments are recommended to obtain more robust data. A cost-benefit analysis found that electricity production from co-digestion can generate savings of 88-170 €/t TSadded compared to grid purchase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Wehner
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Thomas Lichtmannegger
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Robra
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alice do Carmo Precci Lopes
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Ebner
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anke Bockreis
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ajay CM, Mohan S, Dinesha P. Decentralized energy from portable biogas digesters using domestic kitchen waste: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 125:10-26. [PMID: 33667979 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is one of the main waste-to-energy technologies in reducing the volume of biodegradable waste into energy-rich biogas. Recent studies have revealed that kitchen wastes as a feedstock possess great potential in energy production and anaerobic digestion proved to be a promising technology among different kitchen waste management techniques such as incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, landfills, composting, etc. To anaerobically treat feedstock, an airtight enclosed container commonly known as biodigester will be employed. To suffice the energy requirement for cooking in the rural areas and recently even in the urban areas, a small-scale biogas unit commonly referred to as portable type biodigester is blooming as an attractive alternative for the production of biogas domestically. Hence, this review emphasizes on anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes and the design of portable type biodigester. The present review provides an overview of different kitchen waste management techniques. The paper also discusses the different types of biomass feedstock and provides a generalized procedure for the design of a portable biogas unit. This study confirms that the systematic design of biogas units and proper feeding of kitchen waste offers an advantage of effective utilization of wastes in the production of decentralized energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ajay
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sooraj Mohan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - P Dinesha
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge by Conductive Materials under High Volatile Fatty Acids-to-Alkalinity Ratios. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) represents a suitable option for the management of the waste-activated sludge (WAS) produced in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Nevertheless, due to its complex characteristics, WAS is often barely degradable under conventional anaerobic processes. The use of conductive materials during AD provides a promising route for enhancing WAS digestion, through the effects of direct inter-species electron transfer (DIET). The present paper aims to evaluate the effects of the addition of four different materials—granular activated carbon (GAC), granular iron, and aluminium and steel scrap powders—in semi-continuous lab-scale reactors under very high volatile fatty acids-to-alkalinity ratios. In particular, the use of metallic aluminium in WAS digestion was investigated for the first time and compared to the other materials. The AD of WAS without the addition of conductive materials was impossible, while the use of steel powder and zero-valent iron is shown not to improve the digestion process in a satisfactory way. On the contrary, both GAC and Al allow for effective WAS degradation. At stable conditions, methane yields of about 230 NmLCH4/gVS and 212 NmLCH4/gVS are recorded for GAC- and Al-amended reactors, respectively. These two materials are the most promising in sustaining WAS AD through DIET also in case of unbalanced volatile fatty acids-to-alkalinity ratios.
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Simioni T, Agustini CB, Dettmer A, Gutterres M. Nutrient balance for anaerobic co-digestion of tannery wastes: Energy efficiency, waste treatment and cost-saving. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 308:123255. [PMID: 32251859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The macronutrients ratio present in tannery wastes is normally not ideal for anaerobic digestion (AD). In most cases, it is necessary to add nutrients to obtain a more balanced AD process and to ensure favorable conditions for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the components of nutrient solution added to AD of tannery wastes with regard to the energy and waste treatment efficiency and to the cost-saving analysis. The findings provides better understanding of the nutritional requirement of co-AD of tannery wastes, with the highest value of biogas production of 30.14 mL/g of added VSS, besides representing a step in the search for a more balanced, efficient and viable process. The results obtained proving the competitiveness of co-AD of tannery wastes instead of disposing it in landfills (saving off about 71% in terms of electric consumption).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taysnara Simioni
- Laboratory for Leather and Environmental Studies - LACOURO, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Borges Agustini
- Laboratory for Leather and Environmental Studies - LACOURO, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Aline Dettmer
- Chemical Engineering Course, Post-Graduation Program in Science and Food Technology, University of Passo Fundo, Brazil.
| | - Mariliz Gutterres
- Laboratory for Leather and Environmental Studies - LACOURO, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Donoso-Bravo A, Ortega V, Lesty Y, Vanden Bossche H, Olivares D. Assessing the stability of anaerobic co-digestion in the context of a WWTP with thermal pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Case study in Chile. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 100:240-248. [PMID: 31561024 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, beverage wastewater (BW) and extended aeration sewage sludge were assessed as co-substrates with both mixed sludge and thermally hydrolyzed sludge as substrates in an anaerobic codigestion (AcoD) process. The methodology is an integrated methodology that comprises a batch test (BMP) and semicontinuous reactor along with microbial diversity analysis. The results showed that in batch conditions, neither significant synergistic nor antagonistic effects were observed on the maximum potential (P) due to the cosubstrates presence. However, synergistic effects on a kinetic parameter (Rm) were observed when BW was used as cosubstrate. Process instability was observed in semi-continuous mode with cosubstrate BW, which was not predicted by the BMP test. As demonstrated in this study, the BMP approach is also not suitable for predicting continuous performance in real systems; however, it can be used to screen an array of substrates. In semi-continuous mode, one can expect to reach values between 50 and 60% of the biogas potential and 20-40% of the maximum production rate achieved in batch tests. The agreement between batch and semi-continuous results is also dependent on the type of inoculum used. The microbial diversity of the system was more influenced by the reactor stability than the presence of cosubstrates. To predict the performance (and stability) of real anaerobic digesters, dynamic models should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Ortega
- Cetaqua, Centro Tecnológico del Agua, Los Pozos 7340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yves Lesty
- Gerencia Economía Circular, Aguas Andinas, Chile
| | | | - Diego Olivares
- Cetaqua, Centro Tecnológico del Agua, Los Pozos 7340, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
The aim of this work is the development of a methodology for the technical and environmental assessment of biowaste valorization in 2G biorefineries. Italy was chosen as case study, considering years 2016–2017. Approach: the Italian context was evaluated through the following key parameters: Gross domestic power, climate, demography, and population density distribution described the Italian framework. The four most abundant biowaste categories were defined through their amounts and geo-localization: wastewater and sewage sludge (WSS, 4.06 Mt/y), organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW, 1.7 Mt/y), agricultural livestock waste (ALW, 5.7 Mt/y), and waste deriving from the food industry (FIW, 2.6 Mt/y). The geo-localization and quantitative evaluations of the available biowaste amounts were aimed at defining the dimension and localization of the biorefinery plant and at optimizing supply and transport chains, while the qualitative characteristic were aimed to evaluate the most promising process among thermo-valorization (TH) and anaerobic digestion (AD). Results: All considered biowastes were appropriate for biorefinery processes, since carbon content exceeds 40% and the carbon–nitrogen ratio was between 10 and 30. All biowaste categories were evaluated as feedstocks for two biorefinery processes: anaerobic digestion (AD) and thermo-valorization (TH) with energy recovery. Compared to TH, AD achieved in all cases the best performances in terms of produced energy and avoided CO2 emissions. The primary energy production of AD and TH for WSS, OFMSW, ALW, and FIW were respectively: 7.89 vs. 2.4 kWh/kg; 8.7 vs. 2.6 kWh/kg; 10.85 vs. 5.5 kWh/kg; and 12.5 vs. 7.8 kWh/kg. The main findings of this work were: the adoption of AD was technically more suitable than TH; AD increased the avoided CO2 emissions of 10%–89.9% depending on biowaste category.
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Acosta N, De Vrieze J, Sandoval V, Sinche D, Wierinck I, Rabaey K. Cocoa residues as viable biomass for renewable energy production through anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:568-572. [PMID: 29887367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the bioenergy potential of cocoa residue via anaerobic digestion. Batch and fed-batch lab-scale reactors were operated under low and high solids conditions. In the batch tests, 59 ± 4% of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was recovered as methane. This corresponded with an average methane yield of 174 (wet) and 193 (dry) L kg-1 volatile solids fed, whereas a series of fed-batch reactors produced 70 ± 24 (wet) and 107 ± 39 (dry) L CH4 kg-1 volatile solids fed during stable conditions. A case study was developed for canton Balao (Ecuador) based on our experimental data, operational estimates and available cocoa waste in the area. Annually, 8341 MWh could be produced, meeting 88% of the current electricity demand in Balao. This case study proves the potential for cocoa waste as a source of renewable energy in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayaret Acosta
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Verónica Sandoval
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Danny Sinche
- Instituto Nacional de Eficiencia Energética y Energías Renovables (INER), Iñaquito, N35-37 Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. http://www.cmet.Ugent.be
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Ghanimeh S, Abou Khalil C, Ibrahim E. Anaerobic digestion of food waste with aerobic post-treatment: Effect of fruit and vegetable content. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2018; 36:965-974. [PMID: 30024350 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x18786397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mesophilic anaerobic digester, followed by a psychrophilic aerobic post-treatment, was used to treat food waste (FW) with different proportions of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW). Two types of FW were used: low fruit and vegetable mix (LFV, with 56.5% of FVW) and high fruit and vegetable mix (HFV, with 78.3% of FVW). The anaerobic digester fed with LFV failed at an organic loading rate of 1.6 g VS.L-1.d-1 (volatile fatty acid (VFA) = 6000 mg.L-1) due to high ammonia (reaching 3000 mg.L-1). It was shown that, in an unstable anaerobic environment, ammonia is highly correlated ( r2 = 0.77) with VFA and is negatively correlated with volatile solids, total solids, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates ( r2 = 0.88, r2 = 0.71, and r2 = 0.91, respectively). In contrast, the anaerobic digester fed with HFV exhibited a stable performance (VFA = 1243 mg.L-1), with limited ammonia accumulation (940 mg.L-1). Methane generation was affected by the FVW content and reached 531 ml CH4.g VS-1 (CH4 = 52%) with LFV feed and 478 ml CH4.g VS-1 (CH4 = 57.4%) with HFV. The overall TS, VS and COD removal rates (all ranging between 94% and 97%), were closely similar for LFV and HFV. Accordingly, the aerobic post-treatment seems to compensate for the reduced performance of the disturbed anaerobic system fed with LFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ghanimeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Abou Khalil
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Elsy Ibrahim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
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El Achkar JH, Lendormi T, Salameh D, Louka N, Maroun RG, Lanoisellé JL, Hobaika Z. Anaerobic digestion of grape pomace: Effect of the hydraulic retention time on process performance and fibers degradability. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:137-146. [PMID: 29122460 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the anaerobic digestion of grape pomace under mesophilic conditions, continuous digesters were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) (30, 20, 15 and 10 days) equivalent to organic loading rates (OLR) of 2.5, 3.7, 5.7 and 7.3 kg COD m-3 d-1, respectively. At HRTs of 30 and 20 days, steady state conditions were observed with methane yields of 0.984 ± 0.013 NL d-1 and 1.362 ± 0.018 NL d-1, respectively. The HRT of 15 days was found critical because of acids accumulation through the experiments. When the OLR of 5.7 kg COD m-3 d-1 was reached, methane production was found to be instable. Finally, at HRT of 10 days, a failure of the system was observed due to the washing of the methanogenic microorganisms. Regarding the degradability of the lignocellulosic fractions, the maximum reduction yields for hemicellulose and cellulose were noted for HRTs of 30 and 20 days, while lignin was not degraded throughout the different experiments. For an optimization of the process, HRT of 20 days can therefore be recommended for productive use in large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean H El Achkar
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France; Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Thomas Lendormi
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France
| | - Dominique Salameh
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Zeina Hobaika
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
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Demichelis F, Pleissner D, Fiore S, Mariano S, Navarro Gutiérrez IM, Schneider R, Venus J. Investigation of food waste valorization through sequential lactic acid fermentative production and anaerobic digestion of fermentation residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:508-516. [PMID: 28600944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work concerns the investigation of the sequential production of lactic acid (LA) and biogas from food waste (FW). LA was produced from FW using a Streptococcus sp. strain via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Via SHF a yield of 0.33gLA/gFW (productivity 3.38gLA/L·h) and via SSF 0.29gLA/gFW (productivity 2.08gLA/L·h) was obtained. Fermentation residues and FW underwent anaerobic digestion (3wt% TS). Biogas yields were 0.71, 0.74 and 0.90Nm3/kgVS for FW and residues from SSF and SHF respectively. The innovation of the approach is considering the conversion of FW into two different products through a biorefinery concept, therefore making economically feasible LA production and valorising its fermentative residues. Finally, a mass balance of three different outlines with the aim to assess the amount of LA and biogas that may be generated within different scenarios is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pleissner
- Sustainable Chemistry (Resource Efficiency), Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, C13.203, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fiore
- DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Mariano
- DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Roland Schneider
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Potsdam, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Venus
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Potsdam, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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An Economical Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Plants Fed with Organic Agro-Industrial Waste. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lüdtke M, Nordberg Å, Baresel C. Experimental power of laboratory-scale results and transferability to full-scale anaerobic digestion. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:983-991. [PMID: 28799944 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is today internationally acknowledged as an environmentally sound process for energy and nutrient recovery from organic wastes, and it is the dominant sludge treatment technology in most countries' wastewater treatment plants. Laboratory- or pilot-scale experiments are commonly used as a first step to investigate the potential of new ideas or to confirm research hypothesis before confirmation in full-scale. The objectives of this study were to investigate transferability of methane yield assessments between laboratory- and full-scale, and to compare the influence of experimental uncertainties on experimental power in parallel continuous digester experiments for the two scales. Both batch experiment data (used in a simple equation), as well as continuous laboratory experiments, could be used to predict full-scale methane yield with a high accuracy (<5% difference). Full-scale digesters significantly outperformed hand-fed laboratory digesters in terms of experimental power regarding relative differences in methane yield between two digesters operated in parallel. However, to justify costly long-term continuous laboratory-scale experiments with sufficient experimental power and potentially high transferability, resources also have to be allocated to measures that ensure a high data quality from full-scale reference facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lüdtke
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Valhallavägen 81, Stockholm 114 27, Sweden E-mail:
| | - Åke Nordberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Inst. för energi och teknik, Box 7032, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Christian Baresel
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Valhallavägen 81, Stockholm 114 27, Sweden E-mail:
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Respirometric Index and Biogas Potential of Different Foods and Agricultural Discarded Biomass. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8121311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wu B, Zhang X, Shang D, Bao D, Zhang S, Zheng T. Energetic-environmental-economic assessment of the biogas system with three utilization pathways: Combined heat and power, biomethane and fuel cell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:722-728. [PMID: 27209454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A typical biogas system with three utilization pathways, i.e., biogas upgrading, biogas combined heat and power (CHP), biogas solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were designed. It was assessed from the viewpoint of energy, environment and economy by using energy efficiency, green degree and net present value index respectively. The assessment considered the trade-off relationships among these indexes, which is more comprehensive than previous systematic evaluation work only included single or two of the pathway(s) by using one or two of the index(es). Assessment results indicated that biogas upgrading pathway has the highest systematic energy efficiency (46.5%) and shortest payback period (8.9year) with the green degree production is the lowest (9.29gd/day). While for biogas SOFC pathway, although the green degree production is the highest (21.77gd/day), the payback period is longer (14.5year) and the energy efficiency is 13.6% lower than the biogas upgrading pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Dawei Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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El Achkar JH, Lendormi T, Hobaika Z, Salameh D, Louka N, Maroun RG, Lanoisellé JL. Anaerobic digestion of grape pomace: Biochemical characterization of the fractions and methane production in batch and continuous digesters. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 50:275-282. [PMID: 26944865 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have estimated the biogas and methane production from grape pomace (variety Cabernet Franc). The physical and chemical characteristics of the raw material were determined, and the structural polysaccharides were identified and analyzed by the Van Soest method. Batch anaerobic digestions were carried out to assess the methane production of the grape pomace, pulp and seeds. The obtained cumulative methane productions are 0.125, 0.165 and 0.052 Nm(3) kg COD(-1) for grape pomace, pulps and seeds, respectively. The effect of grinding on the methane potential of the substrates, as a mechanical pretreatment, was evaluated. We found that it increased the anaerobic biodegradability for grape pomace, pulp and seeds by 13.1%, 4.8% and 22.2%, respectively. On the other hand, the methane potential of the grape pomace was determined in a laboratory pilot plant (12L) continuously mixed with an organic loading rate of 2.5 kg COD m(3) d(-1) and a hydraulic retention time of 30 days. The corresponding biogas production was 6.43 × 10(-3) Nm(3) d(-1), with a methane content of 62.3%. Thus, the pilot plant's efficiency compared to that achieved in the batch process was 81.2%. Finally, a significant correlation was found between the biochemical content and methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean H El Achkar
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France; Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Thomas Lendormi
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-56300 Pontivy, France
| | - Zeina Hobaika
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dominique Salameh
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches, Unité de recherche Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
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Protocol for Start-Up and Operation of CSTR Biogas Processes. SPRINGER PROTOCOLS HANDBOOKS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/8623_2016_214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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