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Nazloo EK, Danesh M, Sarrafzadeh MH, Moheimani NR, Ennaceri H. Biomass and hydrocarbon production from Botryococcus braunii: A review focusing on cultivation methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171734. [PMID: 38508258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Botryococcus braunii has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its ability to produce high amounts of renewable hydrocarbons through photosynthesis. As the world shifts towards a greener future and seeks alternative sources of energy, the cultivation of B. braunii and the extraction of its hydrocarbons can potentially provide a viable solution. However, the development of a sustainable and cost-effective process for cultivating B. braunii is not without challenges. Compared to other microalgae, B. braunii grows very slowly, making it time-consuming and expensive to produce biomass. In response to these challenges, several efforts have been put into optimizing Botryococcus braunii cultivation systems to increase biomass growth and hydrocarbon production efficiency. This review presents a comparative analysis of different Botryococcus braunii cultivation systems, and the factors affecting the productivity of biomass and hydrocarbon in Botryococcus braunii are critically discussed. Attached microalgal growth offers several advantages that hold significant potential for enhancing the economic viability of microalgal fuels. Here, we propose that employing attached growth cultivation, coupled with the milking technique for hydrocarbon extraction, represents an efficient approach for generating renewable fuels from B. braunii. Nevertheless, further research is needed to ascertain the viability of large-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Khorshidi Nazloo
- UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moslem Danesh
- UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Petroleum Drilling and Refining, Kurdistan Technical Institute Sulaimaniya, Iraq; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Qaiwan International University, Sulaimaniya, Iraq
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Sarrafzadeh
- UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Reza Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Houda Ennaceri
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
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Liu Y, Tang S, Yan Q, Zhou J, Cai Z. Effectiveness and associated mechanisms of a combination of biofilm attached cultivation and mixotrophy in promoting microalgal biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130077. [PMID: 37989417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness and associated mechanisms of the biofilm attached cultivation (BAC) under mixotrophy in promoting algal proliferation were investigated. Commercially valuable unicellular microalgae Chromochloris zofingiensis was first used in BAC. Compared with suspended cultivation, the results unequivocally demonstrated the growth benefits of C. zofingiensis cells under BAC with high biomass productivity of 8.53 g m-2 d-1. The physiological and transcriptomic data revealed that the augmented biomass yield was attributable to larger cell size, higher accumulation of chemical substances, significantly upregulated carbon fixation pathway, and greater energy supply efficiency. Here, BAC acts as a "cage" was proposed. Specifically, cells allocate less energy toward mobility, directing a higher share toward growth and production due to their immobilized lifestyle. These findings provide novel insights for optimizing cultivation strategies for commercially valuable algal species and offer a novel perspective from microalgae physiological on understanding higher biomass yield in BAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Si Tang
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi Yan
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- The Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wu Y, Sun G, Jiang Z, Hao S, Ye S, Zhang H, Zhang F, Zhang X. Improving biomass yields of microalgae biofilm by coculturing two microalgae species via forming biofilms with uniform microstructures and small cell-clusters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130052. [PMID: 37995875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae coculture has the potential to promote microalgae biofilm growth. Herein, three two-species cocultured biofilms were studied by determining biomass yields and detailed microstructure parameters, including porosity, average pore length, average cluster length, etc. It was found that biomass yields could reduce by 21-53 % when biofilm porosities decreased from about 35 % to 20 %; while at similar porosities (∼20 %), biomass yields of cocultured biofilms increased by 37 % when they possessed uniform microstructure and small cell-clusters (pores and clusters of 1 ∼ 10 μm accounted for 96 % and 68 %, respectively). By analyzing morphologies and surface properties of cells, it was found that cells with small size, spherical shape, and reduced surface polymers could hinder the cell-clusters formation, thereby promoting biomass yields. The study provides new insights into choosing cocultured microalgae species for improving the biomass yield of biofilm via manipulating biofilm microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuyang Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangpu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyuan Hao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiya Ye
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
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Gao Y, Bernard O, Fanesi A, Perré P, Lopes F. The effect of light intensity on microalgae biofilm structures and physiology under continuous illumination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1151. [PMID: 38212356 PMCID: PMC10784318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The interest by biofilm-based microalgae technologies has increased lately due to productivity improvement, energy consumption reduction and easy harvesting. However, the effect of light, one key factor for system's operation, received less attention than for planktonic cultures. This work assessed the impact of Photon Flux Density (PFD) on Chlorella vulgaris biofilm dynamics (structure, physiology, activity). Microalgae biofilms were cultivated in a flow-cell system with PFD from 100 to 500 [Formula: see text]. In the first stage of biofilm development, uniform cell distribution was observed on the substratum exposed to 100 [Formula: see text] while cell clusters were formed under 500 [Formula: see text]. Though similar specific growth rate in exponential phase (ca. 0.3 [Formula: see text]) was obtained under all light intensities, biofilm cells at 500 [Formula: see text] seem to be ultimately photoinhibited (lower final cell density). Data confirm that Chlorella vulgaris showed a remarkable capability to cope with high light. This was marked for sessile cells at 300 [Formula: see text], which reduce very rapidly (in 2 days) their chlorophyll-a content, most probably to reduce photodamage, while maintaining a high final cell density. Besides cellular physiological adjustments, our data demonstrate that cellular spatial organization is light-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- CentraleSupélec, LGPM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Biocore, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, 06902, Valbonne, France
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Biocore, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, 06902, Valbonne, France
| | - Andrea Fanesi
- CentraleSupélec, LGPM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- CentraleSupélec, LGPM, CEBB, Université Paris-Saclay, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Filipa Lopes
- CentraleSupélec, LGPM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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El Bestawy E, El-Hameed ASA, Fadl E. Desalination of seawater using integrated microbial biofilm/cellulose acetate membrane and silver NPs/activated carbon nanocomposite in a continuous mode. Sci Rep 2024; 14:274. [PMID: 38168504 PMCID: PMC10762133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to desalinate seawater using Bacillus cereus gravel biofilm and cellulose acetate (CA) membranes with and without silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a potent and safe disinfectant for the treated water. Six desalination trials (I, II, III, IV, V and VI) were performed using the proposed biofilm/cellulose membrane. Results confirmed that Bacillus cereus gravel biofilm (microbial desalination) is the optimal system for desalination of seawater. It could achieve 45.0% RE (initial salinity: 44,478 mg/L), after only 3 h compared to the other tested treatments. It could also achieve 42, 42, 57, 43 and 59% RE for TDS, EC, TSS, COD and BOD, respectively. To overcome the problem of the residual salinity and reach complete elimination of salt content for potential reuse, multiple units of the proposed biofilm can be used in sequence. As a general conclusion, the Bacillus cereus biofilm system can be considered as remarkably efficient, feasible, rapid, clean, renewable, durable, environmentally friendly and easily applied technology compared to the very costly and complicated common desalination technologies. Up to our knowledge, this is the first time microbial biofilm was developed and used as an effective system for seawater desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam El Bestawy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horria Ave. El-Shatby, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Adel Salah Abd El-Hameed
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horria Ave. El-Shatby, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Fadl
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horria Ave. El-Shatby, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt
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Gao Y, Bernard O, Fanesi A, Perré P, Lopes F. The impact of light/dark regimes on structure and physiology of Chlorella vulgaris biofilms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250866. [PMID: 37942075 PMCID: PMC10628651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biofilm-based microalgae production technologies offer enormous potential for improving sustainability and productivity. However, the light pattern induced by these technologies is a key concern for optimization. Methods In this work, the effects of light/dark cycles on architecture, growth, and physiology of Chlorella vulgaris biofilms were assessed in a millifluidic flow-cell with different time cycles (15 s to 3 min) keeping the average light constant at 100 μmol·m-2·s-1. Results and discussion Results showed that photoinhibition can be mitigated by applying a light fraction of 1/3 and a cycle time of 15 s. By contrast, when the cycle time is extended to 90 s and 3 min, photoinhibition is high and photoefficiency dramatically decreases. To cope with light stress, cells acclimate and organize themselves differently in space. A high peak light (500 μmol·m-2·s-1) triggers a stress, reducing cell division and inducing clusters in the biofilm. This work provides guidelines for optimizing rotating microalgae production systems in biofilms and assesses the minimum rotating frequency required to maintain the net growth rate close to that of continuous light of the same average intensity, mitigating photo-inhibition. The overall gain in productivity is then provided by the total surface of the biofilm turning in the illuminated surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Biocore, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Andrea Fanesi
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Pomacle, France
| | - Filipa Lopes
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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7
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Carbone DA, Melkonian M. Potential of Porous Substrate Bioreactors for Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater Using Microalgae. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1173. [PMID: 37892903 PMCID: PMC10604345 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous substrate bioreactors (PSBRs) are a new technology to grow microalgae immobilized in a dense culture and solve some problems linked to suspended cultivation. During recent years, this technology has been used in laboratory and pilot setups in different fields of environmental biotechnology, such as wastewater treatment. The aim of this short review is to introduce the PSBR technology, summarize the results obtained in removing some pollutants from wastewater, provide an assessment of the potential of PSBRs for wastewater treatment, and the subsequent use of the algal biomass for other purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Allegra Carbone
- Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Stazione Zoologica “A. Dohrn”, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Chen G, Hu Z, Ebrahimi A, Johnson DR, Wu F, Sun Y, Shen R, Liu L, Wang G. Chemotactic movement and zeta potential dominate Chlamydomonas microsphaera attachment and biocathode development. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1838-1849. [PMID: 34859742 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2014575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal cell attaching and biofilm formation are critical in the application of microalgal biocathode, which severs as one of the hopeful candidates to an original cathode in bioelectrochemical systems. Many efforts have been put in biofilm formation and bioelectrochemical systems for years, but the predominant factors shaping microalgal biocathode formation are sketchy. We launched a pair of researches to investigate microalgal attachment and biofilm formation in the presence/absence of applied voltages using Chlamydomonas microsphaera as a model unicellular motile microalga. In this study, we presented how microalga attached and biofilm formed on a carbon felt surface without applied voltages and try to manifest the most important aspects in this process. Results showed that while nutrient sources did not directly regulate cell attachment onto the carbon felt, limited initial nutrient concentration nevertheless promoted cell attachment. Specifically, nutrient availability did not influence the early stage (20-60 min) of microalgal cell attachment but did significantly impact cell attachment during later stages (240-720 min). Further analysis revealed that nutrient availability-mediated chemotactic movements and zeta potential are crucial to facilitate the initial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation of C. microsphaera onto the surfaces, serving as an important factor controlling microalgal surface attachment. Our results demonstrate that nutrient availability is a dominant factor controlling microalgal surface attachment and subsequent biofilm formation processes. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of microalgal surface attachment and biofilm formation processes on carbon felts surfaces in the absence of applied voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David R Johnson
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Fazhu Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhao Shen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Li L, Zhao D, Zhou W, Chen L, Su G, Zhang Z, Liu T. Surface patterns of mortar plates influence Spirulina platensis biofilm attached cultivation: Experiment and modeling. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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10
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Ji C, Wang H, Cui H, Zhang C, Li R, Liu T. Characterization and evaluation of substratum material selection for microalgal biofilm cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2707-2721. [PMID: 36922440 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm cultivation is considered a promising method to achieve higher microalgae biomass productivity with less water consumption and easier harvest compared to conventional suspended cultivation. However, studies focusing on the selection of substratum material and optimization of the growth of certain microalgae species on specific substratum are limited. This study investigated the selection of membranous and fabric fiber substrata for the attachment of unicellular microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus and filamentous microalgae Tribonema minus in biofilm cultivation. The results indicated that both algal species preferred hydrophilic membranous substrata and nitrate cellulose/cellulose acetate membrane (CN-CA) was selected as a suitable candidate on which the obtained biomass yields were up to 10.24 and 7.81 g m-2 day-1 for S. dimorphus and T. minus, respectively. Furthermore, high-thread cotton fiber (HCF) and low-thread polyester fiber (LPEF) were verified as the potential fabric fiber substrata for S. dimorphus (5.42 g m-2 day-1) and T. minus (5.49 g m-2 day-1) attachment, respectively. The regrowth of microalgae biofilm cultivation strategy was applied to optimize the algae growth on the fabric fiber substrata, with higher biomass density and shear resistibility achieved for both algal species. The present data highlight the importance to establish the standards for selection the suitable substratum materials in ensuring the high efficiency and sustainability of the attached microalgal biomass production. KEY POINTS: • CN-CA was suitable membranous substratum candidate for algal biofilm cultivation. • HCF and LPEF were potential fabric fiber substrata for S. dimorphus and T. minus. • Regrowth biofilm cultivation was effective in improving algal biomass and attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Ji
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Hongli Cui
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
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Toepel J, Karande R, Bühler B, Bühler K, Schmid A. Photosynthesis driven continuous hydrogen production by diazotrophic cyanobacteria in high cell density capillary photobiofilm reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128703. [PMID: 36746214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is a promising fuel in the context of climate neutral energy carriers and photosynthesis-driven H2-production is an interesting option relying mainly on sunlight and water as resources. However, this approach depends on suitable biocatalysts and innovative photobioreactor designs to maximize cell performance and H2 titers. Cyanobacteria were used as biocatalysts in capillary biofilm photobioreactors (CBRs). We show that biofilm formation/stability depend on light and CO2 availabilityH2 production rates correlate with these parameters but differ between Anabaena and Nostoc. We demonstrate that high light and corresponding O2 levels influence biofilm stability in CBR. By adjusting these parameters, biofilm formation/stability could be enhanced, and H2 formation was stable for weeks. Final biocatalyst titers reached up to 100 g l-1 for N. punctiforme atcc 29133 NHM5 and Anabaena sp. pcc 7120 AMC 414. H2 production rates were up to 300 µmol H2 l-1h-1 and 3 µmol H2 gcdw-1h-1 in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Toepel
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rohan Karande
- Research and Transfer Center for bioactive Matter b-ACT(matter), University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Bühler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Wang X, Wang T, Zhang T, Winter LR, Di J, Tu Q, Hu H, Hertwich E, Zimmerman JB, Elimelech M. Microalgae Commercialization Using Renewable Lignocellulose Is Economically and Environmentally Viable. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1144-1156. [PMID: 36599031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional phototrophic cultivation for microalgae production suffers from low and unstable biomass productivity due to limited and unreliable light transmission outdoors. Alternatively, the use of a renewable lignocellulose-derived carbon source, cellulosic hydrolysate, offers a cost-effective and sustainable pathway to cultivate microalgae heterotrophically with high algal growth rate and terminal density. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of cellulosic hydrolysate-mediated heterotrophic cultivation (Cel-HC) for microalgae production by performing economic and environmental comparisons with phototrophic cultivation through techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment. We estimate a minimum selling price (MSP) of 4722 USD/t for producing high-purity microalgae through Cel-HC considering annual biomass productivity of 300 t (dry weight), which is competitive with the conventional phototrophic raceway pond system. Revenues from the lignocellulose-derived co-products, xylose and fulvic acid fertilizer, could further reduce the MSP to 2976 USD/t, highlighting the advantages of simultaneously producing high-value products and biofuels in an integrated biorefinery scheme. Further, Cel-HC exhibits lower environmental impacts, such as cumulative energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions, than phototrophic systems, revealing its potential to reduce the carbon intensity of algae-derived commodities. Our results demonstrate the economic and environmental competitiveness of heterotrophic microalgae production based on renewable bio-feedstock of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiong Wang
- Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
- Suzhou Polynovo Biotech Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215129, China
| | - Lea R Winter
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jinghan Di
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qingshi Tu
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hongying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Edgar Hertwich
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7495 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julie B Zimmerman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Huang Y, Zhang B, Chen K, Xia A, Zhu X, Zhu X, Liao Q. Temperature-controlled microalgae biofilm adsorption/desorption in a thermo-responsive light-guided 3D porous photo-bioreactor for CO 2 fixation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114645. [PMID: 36323351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biofilm-based culture provides an efficient CO2 reduction and wastewater treatment method for its high photosynthetic efficiency and density. As supporting substrates for microalgae biofilm, porous materials have a big available adsorption area, but mutual shading makes it difficult to transmit external light to the internal surface for attached cells' photosynthesis. Thus, light-guided particles (SiO2) were introduced into photosensitive resin to fabricate a light-guided ordered porous photobioreactor (PBR) by 3D printing technology in this study. The space utilization of the PBR was significantly enhanced and the effective microalgae adsorption area was increased by 13.6 times. Further, a thermo-responsive hydrogel was grafted onto the surface of the substrate to form a smart temperature-controllable interface that could enhance microalgae adsorption and desorption in both directions. When the thermo-responsive layer received light, it would generate heat due to the hydrogel's photo-thermal effect. And the surface temperature would then raise to 33 °C, higher than the hydrogel phase transition point of 32 °C, making the surface shrinking and more hydrophobicity for microalgae cells attachment. The microalgae cells' adsorption capacity increased by 103%, resulting in a high microalgae growth rate of 3.572 g m-2 d-1. When turning off the light, the surface temperature would cool down to below 20 °C, the surface would shrink. And the biofilm shows a 564.7% increase in desorption ability, realizing temperature-controlled microalgae harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Beiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Keming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Janpum C, Pombubpa N, Monshupanee T, Incharoensakdi A, In-Na P. Advancement on mixed microalgal-bacterial cultivation systems for nitrogen and phosphorus recoveries from wastewater to promote sustainable bioeconomy. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:198-210. [PMID: 36414126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment is a promising and environmentally friendly method that utilises living microorganisms to remediate water and enable recovery or conversion of contaminants into valuable products. For many decades, microalgae and cyanobacteria, photosynthetic living microorganisms, have been explored extensively for wastewater bioremediation. They can be used for recovering valuable nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous from secondary effluents and capable of transforming those nutrients into marketable products such as biofuels, biofertilisers, nutraceutical, and pigments for promoting a Bio-Circular Green economy. In recent years, there has been a shift towards mixing compatible microalgae with bacteria, which is inspired by their natural symbiotic relationships to increase nitrogen and phosphorus recoveries. With this enhanced bioremediation, recovery of polluted wastes can be intensified and higher biomass quality (with high nutrient density) can be achieved. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of mixed microalgal-bacterial cultivating systems. A comprehensive comparison of existing studies that used Chlorella species as microalgae in various mixed microalgal-bacterial cultivating systems (suspension, biofilm, and immobilisation) for nitrogen and phosphorus recoveries from wastewater is conducted. Key technical challenges such as balancing microalgae and bacteria species, pH regulation, light distribution, biomass harvesting, and biomass conversion are also discussed. From the data comparisons among different cultivation systems, it has been suggested that immobilisation appears to require less amount of operational light compared to the suspended and biofilm-based systems for similar nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalampol Janpum
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttapon Pombubpa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanakarn Monshupanee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pichaya In-Na
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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15
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Aburai N, Onda T, Fujii K. Carotenogenesis and carotenoid esterification in biofilms of the microalga Coelastrella rubescens KGU-Y002 in the aerial phase. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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The intrinsic characteristics of microalgae biofilm and their potential applications in pollutants removal — A review. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Zeng W, Ma S, Huang Y, Xia A, Zhu X, Zhu X, Liao Q. Bifunctional lighting/supporting substrate for microalgal photosynthetic biofilm to bio-remove ammonia nitrogen from high turbidity wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:119041. [PMID: 36081254 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Treatment technologies based on microalgal biofilms have an enormous potential for dealing with water pollution because they can efficiently redirect nutrients from wastewater to renewable biomass feedstock. However, poor light transmittance is caused by the high turbidity of wastewater, which hinders the commercial application of microalgal biofilm-based wastewater treatment. Here, a bifunctional substrate with lighting and biofilm support functions was constructed using a light guide plate. In a biofilm photobioreactor (bPBR) with a bifunctional lighting/supporting substrate (BL/S substrate), light can directly irradiate the biofilm to avoid attenuation by the turbid wastewater. Direct irradiation of light onto the biofilm led to a 93.0% enhancement of microalgal photoconversion efficiency when compared to that of a supporting substrate without lighting (SO substrate). Meanwhile, the maximum growth rate of the microalgal biofilm on the BL/S substrate was 8.7 g m-2 d-1, which was increased by 60.3%. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) from the digested wastewater contributed by the microalgal biofilm reached 22.6 mg L-1 d-1, which was higher than the previously reported that of NH4+-N from turbid digested wastewater by the biofilms. Furthermore, the BL/S substrate can facilitate the secretion of abundant extracellular polymeric substrates, which results in the stable adhesion of the biofilm onto the BL/S substrate. The optical density of the microalgae cells at the outlet of the bPBR with BL/S substrate was below 0.1, which was 94% lower than that of the bPBR with the SO substrate. The results indicated the BL/S substrate may avoid the loss of microalgal biomass, and almost all biomass could be easily harvested from the biofilm for algae-based biomass resources. Consequently, this study can offer a promising alternative with efficient treatment technologies for wastewater with high turbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shiyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Cheng P, Li Y, Wang C, Guo J, Zhou C, Zhang R, Ma Y, Ma X, Wang L, Cheng Y, Yan X, Ruan R. Integrated marine microalgae biorefineries for improved bioactive compounds: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152895. [PMID: 34998757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae offer a promising feedstock for biofuels and other valuable compounds for biorefining and carry immense potential to contribute to a clean energy and environment future. However, it is currently not economically feasible to use marine algae to produce biofuels, and the potential bioactive chemicals account for only a small market share. The production of algal biomass with multiple valuable chemicals is closely related to the algal species, cultivation conditions, culture systems, and production modes. Thus, higher requirements for screening of dominant algal strains, developing integrated technologies with the optimum culture conditions, efficient cultivation systems, and production modes to exploit algal biomass for biorefinery applications, are all needed. This review summarizes the screening of dominant microalgae, discusses the environmental conditions that may affect the growth, as well as the culture systems and production modes, and further emphasizes the valorization options of the algal biomass, which should help to offer a sustainable approach to run a profitable marine algae production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Renchuan Zhang
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yiwei Ma
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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19
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Understanding photosynthetic biofilm productivity and structure through 2D simulation. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009904. [PMID: 35377868 PMCID: PMC9037940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a spatial model describing the growth of a photosynthetic microalgae biofilm. In this 2D-model we consider photosynthesis, cell carbon accumulation, extracellular matrix excretion, and mortality. The rate of each of these mechanisms is given by kinetic laws regulated by light, nitrate, oxygen and inorganic carbon. The model is based on mixture theory and the behaviour of each component is defined on one hand by mass conservation, which takes into account biological features of the system, and on the other hand by conservation of momentum, which expresses the physical properties of the components. The model simulates the biofilm structural dynamics following an initial colonization phase. It shows that a 75 μm thick active region drives the biofilm development. We then determine the optimal harvesting period and biofilm height which maximize productivity. Finally, different harvesting patterns are tested and their effect on biofilm structure are discussed. The optimal strategy differs whether the objective is to recover the total biofilm or just the algal biomass. Microalgae have many industrial applications, ranging from aquaculture, pharmaceutics, food industry to green energy. Planktonic cultivation of microalgae is energy-consuming. Growing them under a biofilm form is a new trend with attracting promises. Biofilms are complex heterogeneous ecosystems composed of microorganisms embedded within a self-produced extracellular matrix and stuck to a surface. Most of the studies have focused on bacterial biofilms and knowledge about microalgae biofilms is still very limited. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model describing microalgae biofilm development. We simulate in 1D and 2D the impact of harvesting conditions on biofilm productivity. In agreement with available experimental observations, we find that there exist optimal frequencies and patterns that optimize the productivity. We also show that the optimal conditions differ whether for maximizing the productivity of microalgae or of the whole biofilm.
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20
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Walther J, Erdmann N, Stoffel M, Wastian K, Schwarz A, Strieth D, Muffler K, Ulber R. Passively immobilized cyanobacteria Nostoc species BB 92.2 in a moving bed photobioreactor (MBPBR): design, cultivation and characterization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1467-1482. [PMID: 35211957 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. BB 92.3. had shown antibacterial activity. A cultivation as biofilm, a self-forming matrix of cells and extracellular polymeric substances, increased the antibacterial effect. A new photobioreactor system was developed that allows a surface-associated cultivation of Nostoc sp. as biofilm. High-density polyethylene carriers operated as a moving bed were selected as surface for biomass immobilization. This system, well established in heterotrophic wastewater treatment, was for the first time used for phototrophic biofilms. The aim was a cultivation on a large scale without inhibiting growth while maximizing immobilization. Cultivation in a small photobioreactor (1.5 L) with different volumetric filling degrees of carriers (13.4-53.8 %) in a batch process achieved immobilization rates of 70-85 % and growth was similar to a no-carrier-control. In a larger photobioreactor (65-liter) essentially all of the biomass was immobilized on the carriers and the space-time yield of biomass (0.018 gcell dry weight L-1 day-1 ) was competitive compared to phototrophic biofilm cultivations from literature. The use of carriers increased the gas exchange in the reactor by a factor of 2.5-3, but doubled the mixing time. Enriched gassing with carbon dioxide resulted in a short-term increase in growth rate, but unexpectedly it also adversely changed the growth morphology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Walther
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Niklas Erdmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Stoffel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katharina Wastian
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anna Schwarz
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Berlinstr. 109, 55411, Bingen, Germany
| | - Dorina Strieth
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kai Muffler
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Berlinstr. 109, 55411, Bingen, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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21
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Chen C, Wen S, Wang Z, Zhang D, Zhang J, Yan C, Cong W. Enhancement of biofilm formation and microalgae growth by preparing cellulose film with rough surface. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Zhang Y, Ma R, Chu H, Zhou X, Yao T, Zhang Y. Evaluation of the performance of different membrane materials for microalgae cultivation on attached biofilm reactors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1451-1459. [PMID: 35425202 PMCID: PMC8979103 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07335d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Attached microalgae production in wastewater is a promising method to further develop biofilm reactors by reducing economic costs associated with biomass separation and harvesting. However, the reliability of materials to support such adherence needs further investigation. Five common microfiltration membranes were evaluated in this study to assess their influence on the efficacy of harvesting Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The material-to-material, algae-to-algae, and algae-to-material interactions were studied based on the Extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek (XDLVO) theory. The results showed that Chlorella pyrenoidosa was hydrophobic and that the algae particles derived from this algae type tended to agglomerate. Furthermore, the algae–membrane adhesion free energy further validated the accumulation of biomass in the experiments — the cellulose acetate nitrate (CACN) membrane and the cellulose acetate (CA) membrane obtained an optical biomass production of 59.93 and 51.27 g m−2. The presence of these interactions promoted the adhesion of more microalgae particles to the membrane. Moreover, the relationship between the algae–membrane and the distance at which the microalgae approached the membrane surface was simulated. The study indicated that the XDLVO theory could be successfully applied to the mechanism for the adhesion of the attached culture of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to the membrane material. Attached microalgae production in wastewater is a promising method to further develop biofilm reactors by reducing economic costs associated with biomass separation and harvesting.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-65985811 +86-21-65983292
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-65985811 +86-21-65983292
| | - Huaqiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-65985811 +86-21-65983292
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-65985811 +86-21-65983292
| | - Tianming Yao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-65985811 +86-21-65983292
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-65985811 +86-21-65983292
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Chen CY, Zhuang KW, Chang YH, Nagarajan D, Huang CC, Chang JS. Basic oxygen furnace slag as a support material for the cultivation of indigenous marine microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125968. [PMID: 34563825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Attached cultivation of microalgae is a suitable strategy for attaining high biomass productivity with effortless harvesting. This study evaluates the feasibility of using Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag (BOFS) as a carrier for microalgae cultivation. Among the three indigenous microalgae (namely, Chlorella sorokiniana PTC13, Tetraselmis suecica SC5, and Nannochloropsis oceanica DG), which were examined for their capability of attached growth on BOFS, T. suecica SC5 showed the best attached-growth performance (2.52 mg/g slag). Optimizing the cultivation parameters (agitation rate, 200 rpm; added sodium acetate, 1 g/L; light intensity, 300 µmol/m2/s) further enhanced the attached biomass yield to 6.38 mg/g slag. The microalgae-attached slag can be used as the seed for re-growth for three additional cycles and the biomass yield and productivity both enhanced from 6.00 to 11.58 mg/g slag and 497 to 760 mg/L/d, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of using T. suecica SC5-attached BOFS to construct artificial reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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24
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Aburai N, Nishida A, Abe K. Aerial microalgae Coccomyxa simplex isolated from a low-temperature, low-light environment, and its biofilm growth and lipid accumulation. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Moreno Osorio JH, Pollio A, Frunzo L, Lens PNL, Esposito G. A Review of Microalgal Biofilm Technologies: Definition, Applications, Settings and Analysis. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.737710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-based algal cultivation has many advantages over the conventional suspended growth methods and has received increased attention as a potential platform for algal production, wastewater treatment (nutrient removal), and a potential pathway to supply feedstock for microalgae-based biorefinery attempts. However, the attached cultivation by definition and application is a result of a complex interaction between the biotic and abiotic components involved. Therefore, the entire understanding of the biofilm nature is still a research challenge due to the need for real-time analysis of the system. In this review, the state of the art of biofilm definition, its life cycle, the proposed designs of bioreactors, screening of carrier materials, and non-destructive techniques for the study of biofilm formation and performance are summarized. Perspectives for future research needs are also discussed to provide a primary reference for the further development of microalgal biofilm systems.
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Abstract
In view of high energy cost and water consumption in microalgae cultivation, microalgal-biofilm-based cultivation system has been advocated as a solution toward a more sustainable and resource friendlier system for microalgal biomass production. Algal-derived extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form cohesive network to interconnect the cells and substrates; however, their interactions within the biofilm are poorly understood. This scenario impedes the biofilm process development toward resource recovery. Herein, this review elucidates on various biofilm cultivation modes and contribution of EPS toward biofilm adhesion. Immobilized microalgae can be envisioned by the colloid interactions in terms of a balance of both dispersive and polar interactions among three interfaces (cells, mediums and substrates). Last portion of this review is dedicated to the future perspectives and challenges on the EPS; with regard to the biopolymers extraction, biopolymers’ functional description and cross-referencing between model biofilms and full-scale biofilm systems are evaluated. This review will serve as an informative reference for readers having interest in microalgal biofilm phenomenon by incorporating the three main players in attached cultivation systems: microalgae, EPS and supporting materials. The ability to mass produce these miniature cellular biochemical factories via immobilized biofilm technology will lay the groundwork for a more sustainable and feasible production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tong Cheah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, University of Science Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Derek Juinn Chieh Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, University of Science Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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Wang Y, Jiang Z, Lai Z, Yuan H, Zhang X, Jia Y, Zhang X. The self-adaption capability of microalgal biofilm under different light intensities: Photosynthetic parameters and biofilm microstructures. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huang J, Chu R, Chang T, Cheng P, Jiang J, Yao T, Zhou C, Liu T, Ruan R. Modeling and improving arrayed microalgal biofilm attached culture system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:124931. [PMID: 33812139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A microalgal biofilm-attached-system is an alternative cultivation method, that offers potential advantages of improved biomass productivity, efficient harvesting, and water saving. These biofilm systems have been widely tested and utilized for microalgal biomass production and wastewater treatment. This research a microalgal growth model for the biofilm attached culture system has been developed and experimentally validated, both, in single and arrayed biofilm systems. It has been shown that the model has the capability to accurately describe microalgae growth. Moreover, via the model simulation, it was observed that system structural parameters, light dilution rate, and light intensity significantly affected the culture performance. The limitations, and improvement aspects of the model, are also discussed in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a mathematical model for an arrayed-biofilm-attached-system has been developed and validated. This model will certainly be helpful in the design, improvement, optimization, and evaluation of the biofilm-attached-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Bioresource Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 213022, China
| | - Ruirui Chu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ting Chang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Jingshun Jiang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Bioresource Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 213022, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Bioresource Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 213022, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Microalgae cultivation for space exploration: Assessing the potential for a new generation of waste to human life-support system for long duration space travel and planetary human habitation. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Immobilising Microalgae and Cyanobacteria as Biocomposites: New Opportunities to Intensify Algae Biotechnology and Bioprocessing. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a groundswell of interest in applying phototrophic microorganisms, specifically microalgae and cyanobacteria, for biotechnology and ecosystem service applications. However, there are inherent challenges associated with conventional routes to their deployment (using ponds, raceways and photobioreactors) which are synonymous with suspension cultivation techniques. Cultivation as biofilms partly ameliorates these issues; however, based on the principles of process intensification, by taking a step beyond biofilms and exploiting nature inspired artificial cell immobilisation, new opportunities become available, particularly for applications requiring extensive deployment periods (e.g., carbon capture and wastewater bioremediation). We explore the rationale for, and approaches to immobilised cultivation, in particular the application of latex-based polymer immobilisation as living biocomposites. We discuss how biocomposites can be optimised at the design stage based on mass transfer limitations. Finally, we predict that biocomposites will have a defining role in realising the deployment of metabolically engineered organisms for real world applications that may tip the balance of risk towards their environmental deployment.
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Sun Y, Yu G, Xiao G, Duan Z, Dai C, Hu J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Jiang X. Enhancing CO 2 photo-biochemical conversion in a newly-designed attached photobioreactor characterized by stacked horizontal planar waveguide modules. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:144041. [PMID: 33341632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at alleviating the adverse effects on attached microalgae biofilm growth caused by heterogeneous spatial light distributions within the attached cultivation photobioreactors (PBRs), an innovative PBR integrated with stacked horizontal planar waveguide modules (SHPW-PBR) was proposed in this work. Different from the conventional PBR, the emergent light from the external LED light bars were guided and evenly redistributed within the SHPW-PBR by the planar waveguides and hence provided light energy for microalgae cells photoautotrophic growth. In comparison with the control PBR, the average light intensity illuminating the attached Chlorella vulgaris biofilm in the SHPW-PBR was elevated by 204.11% and contributed to a 145.20% improvement on areal C. vulgaris biofilm production. Thereafter, responses of attached C. vulgaris biofilm growth in the SHPW-PBR to various light intensities were evaluated and the maximum areal C. vulgaris biofilm density reached 90.43 g m-2 under the light intensity of 136 μmol m-2 s-1 after 9 days cultivation. Furthermore, the SHPW-PBR can be easily scaled-up by increasing the quantity of the stacked planar waveguide modules and thus shows great potential in biofilm-based biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Sun
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guotao Yu
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ziyang Duan
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuanchao Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunjun Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Substrate properties as controlling parameters in attached algal cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1823-1835. [PMID: 33564919 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in attached algae cultivation systems because they could provide a more cost- and energy-efficient alternative to planktonic (suspended algae) cultivation systems for many applications. However, attached growth systems have been far less studied than planktonic systems and have largely emphasized algae strains of most interest for biofuels. New algal biorefinery pathways have assessed the commercial potentials of algal biomass beyond biofuel production and placed more emphasis on value-added products from that biomass. Therefore, algal strain selection criteria and biomass cultivation methods need to be updated to include additional strains for improved efficiency. One possible way of improving attached cultivation systems is through engineering substrate surface characteristics to boost algal adhesion and enable strain selective algal colonization and growth. This review explores the effect of substrate chemical and topographical characteristics on the cultivation of attached algae. It also highlights the importance of considering algal community structure and attachment mechanisms in investigating attached algae systems using the example of filamentous algae found in algal turf scrubber (ATS™) systems. KEY POINTS : • Attached algal cultivation is a promising alternative to planktonic cultivation. • Performance increase results from tuning surface qualities of attachment substrates. • Attachment adaptation of periphytic algae has innate potential for cultivation.
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Yuan H, Wang Y, Lai Z, Zhang X, Jiang Z, Zhang X. Analyzing microalgal biofilm structures formed under different light conditions by evaluating cell-cell interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 583:563-570. [PMID: 33039857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm structure plays an important role in microalgae biofilm-based culture. This work aims to understand microalgal biofilm structures formed under different light conditions. Here, Scenedesmus obliquus was biofilm cultured under the light spectra of white, blue, green, and red, and the photoperiods of 5:5 s, 30:30 min, and 12:12 h (light : dark period). Biofilms were observed with confocal laser scanning microscopes and profilometry, then the porosity and roughness of biofilm were determined. We found that cells under white light formed a heterogeneous biofilm with many voids, high porosity, and roughness. While under red and blue lights, cells formed homogeneous biofilms with low porosity. Biofilm structures formed under different photoperiods were different. The mechanism of forming different biofilm structures under different light conditions was interpreted from the aspect of cell-cell interactions. Moreover, the results revealed that biomass accumulation increased with the increasing biofilm porosity due to the high effective diffusion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhijian Lai
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
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Zeng W, Huang Y, Xia A, Liao Q, Chen K, Zhu X, Zhu X. Thermoresponsive Surfaces Grafted by Shrinkable Hydrogel Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) for Controlling Microalgae Cells Adhesion during Biofilm Cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1178-1189. [PMID: 33403849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is a promising candidate for reducing greenhouse gas and producing renewable biofuels. For microalgae biofilm cultivation, a strong adhesion ability of microalgae cells onto the surface is a prerequisite to resist the fluid shear stress, while strong adhesion is not of benefit to the biofilm harvesting process. To solve this dilemma, a thermoresponsive surface (TMRS) with lower critical solution temperature of 33 °C was made by grafting N-isopropylacrylamide onto a silicate glass slide. The wettability of the TMRS changed from hydrophilic (contact angle of 59.4°) to hydrophobic (contact angle of 91.6°) when the temperature rose from 15 to 35 °C, resulting in the increase of adhesion energy of the TMRS to Chlorella vulgaris cells by 135.6%. The experiments showed that the cells were more likely to attach onto the TMRS at the higher temperature of 35 °C owing to the surface microstructures generated by the hydrogel layer shrinkage, which is similar in size to the microalgae cells. And the cell coverage rate on TMRS increased by 32% compared to the original glass surface. Conversely, the cells separate easily from the TMRS at a lower temperature of 15 °C, and the cell adhesion density was reduced by 19% due to hydrogel layer swelling to a relatively flat surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Keming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
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Tang J, Liu B, Gao L, Wang W, Liu T, Su G. Impacts of surface wettability and roughness of styrene-acrylic resin films on adhesion behavior of microalgae Chlorella sp. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 199:111522. [PMID: 33370706 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm attached cultivation is a promising method for efficient production of microalgae. Determining the surface property index to select an appropriate substrate benefiting the algae adhesion and biofilm formation is very important for the cultivation method. This work focused on elucidating and quantifying the influence of surface wettability and roughness of substrate on Chlorella vulgaris adhesion. Firstly, surface modified styrene-acrylic (SA) resin films by adding different dosage of perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate (FM) were prepared. Property characterization shows that the surface contact angle in water, formamide and diiodomethane of FM modified SA films is significantly associated with the FM dosage, while the other surface properties including zeta potential, surface potential and surface roughness have insignificant difference. The calculated surface free energy parameters show that the SA films belong to the non-polar substrata. A well quantitative correlation that the adhesion capacity of C. vulgaris linearly declines with the increase of water contact angle was obtained. And a near linear relationship between the adhesion capacity and the surface free energy (γ), or the cohesion free energy (ΔGcoh) was also observed. Secondly, the surface roughness solely changed SA films were prepared by replicating the morphology of stainless steel sieves through the PDMS template method. The patterned SA films have alternately arranged rectangular "valleys" and "ridges". A well linear correlation between the microalgae adhesion capacity and the surface roughness was also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Ge Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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36
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Sun Y, Duan D, Chang H, Guo C. Optimizing Light Distributions in a Membrane Photobioreactor via Optical Fibers To Enhance CO 2 Photobiochemical Conversion by a Scenedesmus obliquus Biofilm. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Sun
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Danru Duan
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Chenglong Guo
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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37
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Xu Z, Wang H, Cheng P, Chang T, Chen P, Zhou C, Ruan R. Development of integrated culture systems and harvesting methods for improved algal biomass productivity and wastewater resource recovery - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141039. [PMID: 32750578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biomass has been considered as a potential feedstock for the production of renewable chemicals and biofuels. Microalgae culture combined with wastewater treatment is a promising approach to improve the sustainability of the business model. However, algae culture and harvest account for the majority of the high costs, hindering the development of the microalgae-based wastewater utilization. Cost-effective culture systems and harvesting methods for enhancing biomass yield and reducing the cost of resource recovery have become extremely urgent and important. In this review, different commonly used culture systems for microalgae are discussed; the current harvesting methods with different culture systems have also been evaluated. Also, the inherent characteristics of inefficiency in algae wastewater treatment are elaborated. Current literature collectively supports that a biofilm type device is a system designed for higher biomass productivity, and offers ease of harvesting, in small-scale algae cultivation. Additionally, bio-flocculation, which uses one kind of flocculated microalgae to concentrate on another kind of non-flocculated microalgae is a low-cost and energy-saving alternative harvesting method. These findings provide insight into a comprehensive understanding of integrated culture systems and harvesting methods for microalgae-based wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Ting Chang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Ferreira J, de Assis LR, Oliveira APDS, Castro JDS, Calijuri ML. Innovative microalgae biomass harvesting methods: Technical feasibility and life cycle analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:140939. [PMID: 32763596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to ease one of the main challenges of biomass production in wastewater, the harvest stage, this study proposes as main innovations: the comparison of technical and environmental performance of different methods of harvesting biomass which have not been addressed in the literature and the projection of an optimal environmental scenario for biomass harvesting. For this, three harvesting methods were evaluated and compared, namely the gravitational sedimentation (GS) via settling tank, coagulation with tannin followed by gravitational sedimentation (TC/GS), and a biofilm reactor operated in parallel with a settling tank (BR/GS). TC/GS required less time to concentrate the biomass (121.13 g/day); however, the biomass had a higher moisture content (99.02%), which may compromise its direct application for production of most bioproducts and bioenergy, only a dewatering step is recommended. The harvesting methods interfered in biomass characterisation, mainly in carbohydrate content, which was higher in biomass concentrated over time (28-37%) than biomass concentrated in a single day by coagulation (13.8%). The results of the life cycle assessment revealed that in scenarios which included TC/GS methods and the BR/GS presented less environmental impact in relation to only GS. Additionally, the combination of these two methods comprises the best scenario and promises to optimise the harvest of biomass grown in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Rodrigues de Assis
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Paulo de Sousa Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jackeline de Siqueira Castro
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil
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Rodrigues de Assis L, Calijuri ML, Assemany PP, Silva TA, Teixeira JS. Innovative hybrid system for wastewater treatment: High-rate algal ponds for effluent treatment and biofilm reactor for biomass production and harvesting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 274:111183. [PMID: 32784083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of algal biomass still faces challenges associated with the harvesting stages. To address this issue, we propose an innovative hybrid system, in which a biofilm reactor (BR) operates as an algal biomass production and harvesting unit connected to a high-rate algal pond (HRAP), a wastewater treatment unit. BR did not interfered with the biomass chemical composition (protein = 32%, carbohydrates = 11% and total lipids = 18%), with the wastewater treatment (removals efficiency: chemical oxygen demand = 59%, ammonia nitrogen = 78%, total phosphorus = 16% and Escherichia coli = 1 log unit), and did not alter the sedimentation characteristics of the biomass (sludge volume index = 29 mg/L and humidity content = 92%) in the secondary settling tank of the hybrid system. On the other hand, the results showed that this technology achieved a biomass production about 2.6x greater than the conventional system without a BR, and the efficiency of harvesting of the hybrid system was 61%, against 22% obtained with the conventional system. In addition, the BR promoted an increase in the density (~1011 org/m2) and diversity of microalgae in the hybrid system. Chlorella vulgaris was the most abundant species (>60%) from the 4th week of operation until the end of the experiment. Hence, results confirm that the integration of BR into a wastewater treatment plant optimised the production and harvesting of biomass of the hybrid system, making it a promising technology. The importance of economic and environmental analysis studies of BR is highlighted in order to enable its implementation on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Rodrigues de Assis
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Peixoto Assemany
- Department of Water Resources and Sanitation, Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA), Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Abrantes Silva
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jamily Santos Teixeira
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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40
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Cheng P, Zhou C, Chu R, Chang T, Xu J, Ruan R, Chen P, Yan X. Effect of microalgae diet and culture system on the rearing of bivalve mollusks: Nutritional properties and potential cost improvements. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Aburai N, Kunishima R, Iijima F, Fujii K. Effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on lipid production of the aerial microalga Coccomyxa sp. KGU-D001 under liquid- and aerial-phase conditions. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:274-282. [PMID: 32916185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Algal biofuels are a promising alternative to fossil fuels, but their widespread use is hindered by problems with mass production. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with specific light wavelengths could be used as an energy source for algal growth and lipid synthesis. In this study, the effects of light source on the biomass and lipid production of the aerial microalga Coccomyxa sp. KGU-D001 were evaluated using LEDs. The integration of two-phase cultures, including growth and lipid production under the stress of nitrate depletion, was assessed for efficient lipid production under liquid- or aerial-phase conditions. Different wavelengths of light (blue, green, and red) were tested under liquid- and aerial-phase conditions. Under aerial-phase culture, the fatty acid contents in biofilm reached 320 mg g DWC-1 with the red LEDs. In view of these findings, we describe a one-step culture method for growth and lipid accumulation in algal biofilm under aerial-phase culture with red LED irradiation. When Coccomyxa biofilm was cultured on wet cotton wool with BBM in a petri dish under the red LED, it was able to grow and accumulate lipids under the aerial-phase condition. Based on the results of this study, a potential method for a continuous biodiesel production system is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Aburai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kunishima
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Fusako Iijima
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
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42
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Choi HJ. Agricultural biowaste, rice bran, as carbon source to enhance biomass and lipid production: analysis with various growth rate models. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1120-1130. [PMID: 33055402 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a byproduct of agriculture, rice bran can be a good alternative carbon source to mass-produce microalgae and increase lipid content. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rice bran extract (RBE) on the mass culture and oil content of microalgae. Various parameters were applied to the growth rate model to explain the dynamics of substrate inhibition and growth of microalgae. The rice bran contains 46.1% of carbohydrates, in which is 38.3% glucose, and is very suitable as a carbon source for microalgae growth. The culture with RBE had a four times higher biomass production than microalgae cultured on Jaworski's medium (JM) with a small amount of 1 g/L. In addition, for RBE, the lipid content was three times higher and saturated fatty acid was 3% lower than were those of JM. According to the above results, when Chlorella vulgaris is cultured using RBE, a high amount of biomass and high lipid content can be obtained with a small amount of RBE. RBE is a discarded waste and has a high content of glucose, so it can be replaced by an organic carbon source to increase microbial biomass growth and lipid content at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Choi
- Department of Biosystems and Convergence Engineering, Beomil-ro 579, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Korea E-mail:
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43
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Fang K, Park OJ, Hong SH. Controlling biofilms using synthetic biology approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107518. [PMID: 31953206 PMCID: PMC7125041 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are formed by the complex but ordered regulation of intra- or inter-cellular communication, environmentally responsive gene expression, and secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Given the robust nature of biofilms due to the non-growing nature of biofilm bacteria and the physical barrier provided by the extracellular matrix, eradicating biofilms is a very difficult task to accomplish with conventional antibiotic or disinfectant treatments. Synthetic biology holds substantial promise for controlling biofilms by improving and expanding existing biological tools, introducing novel functions to the system, and re-conceptualizing gene regulation. This review summarizes synthetic biology approaches used to eradicate biofilms via protein engineering of biofilm-related enzymes, utilization of synthetic genetic circuits, and the development of functional living agents. Synthetic biology also enables beneficial applications of biofilms through the production of biomaterials and patterning biofilms with specific temporal and spatial structures. Advances in synthetic biology will add novel biofilm functionalities for future therapeutic, biomanufacturing, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuili Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Oh-Jin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yanbian University of Science and Technology, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Seok Hoon Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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44
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Light-Emitting Diode Power Conversion Capability and CO2 Fixation Rate of Microalgae Biofilm Cultured Under Different Light Spectra. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13071536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae biofilm-based culture has attracted much interest due to its high harvest efficiency and low energy requirements. Using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as light source for microalgae culture has been considered as a promising choice to enhance the economic feasibility of microalgae-based commodities. In this work, the LED power conversion capability and CO2 fixation rate of microalgae biofilms (Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorella pyrenoidosa) cultured under different light spectra (white, blue, green and red) were studied. The results indicated that the power-to-biomass conversion capabilities of these two microalgae biofilms cultured under blue and white LEDs were much higher than those under green and red LEDs (C. ellipsoidea: 32%–33% higher, C. pyrenoidosa: 34%–46% higher), and their power-to-lipid conversion capabilities cultured under blue LEDs were 61%–66% higher than those under green LEDs. The CO2 fixation rates of these two biofilms cultured under blue LEDs were 13% and 31% higher, respectively, than those under green LEDs. The results of this study have important implications for selecting the optimal energy-efficient LEDs using in microalgae biofilm-based culture systems.
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45
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Zhang Q, Yu Z, Jin S, Liu C, Li Y, Guo D, Hu M, Ruan R, Liu Y. Role of surface roughness in the algal short-term cell adhesion and long-term biofilm cultivation under dynamic flow condition. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Cheng P, Okada S, Zhou C, Chen P, Huo S, Li K, Addy M, Yan X, Ruan RR. High-value chemicals from Botryococcus braunii and their current applications - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121911. [PMID: 31383389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Botryococcus braunii is known for its high yield of extracellular hydrocarbons and polysaccharides. Hydrocarbons, especially botryococcenes and squalene can be used as not only fuels but also alternative feedstock for other fossil-based products. Exopolysaccharides excreted from B. braunii can be used as scaffolds for polyesters production, and have a notable potential for synthesis of nanoparticles. B. braunii is also a rich source of carotenoids, especially the unique secondary carotenoids such as botryoxanthins that have never been found in other microalgae. The morphology, physiology, and outer cell walls of B. braunii are complex. Understanding the colony structure shall provide insights into the mechanism of cell growth and chemicals secretion. It is possible to improve the production economics of the alga with advanced culture systems. Moreover, investigation of metabolic pathways for B. braunii may help us understand their regulation and provide valuable information for strain selection and optimal production of high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Paul Chen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Shuhao Huo
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Min Addy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Roger R Ruan
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Cultivation of Oily Microalgae for the Production of Third-Generation Biofuels. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11195424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofuel production by oleaginous microalgae is a promising alternative to the conventional fossil fuels. Many microalgae species have been investigated and deemed as potential renewable sources for the production of biofuel, biogas, food supplements and other products. Oleaginous microalgae, named for their ability to produce oil, are reported to store 30–70% of lipid content due to its metabolic properties under nutrient starvation conditions. This review presents the assortment of the research studies focused on biofuel production from oleaginous microalgae. The new methods and technologies developed for oleaginous microalgae cultivation to improve their biomass content and lipid accumulation capacity were reviewed. The production of renewable, carbon neutral, bio-based or microalgae-based transport fuels are necessary for environmental protection and economic sustainability. Microalgae are a significant source of renewable biodiesel because of their ability to produce oils in the presence of sunlight more efficiently than that of crop oils. This review will provide the background to understanding the bottlenecks and the need for improvement in the cultivation or harvesting process for oleaginous microalgae.
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48
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Influence of Photoperiods on Microalgae Biofilm: Photosynthetic Performance, Biomass Yield, and Cellular Composition. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12193724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have immense potential as biological sources to produce biofuels and high-value biomolecules. Biofilm-based microalgae cultivation has attracted much interest recently because of its high biomass productivity, reduced water use, and low cost of harvesting. This study aimed to understand the effect of photoperiod on three microalgae biofilms, including Nannochloris oculata, Chlorella sp., and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The examined photoperiods were 3:3 s, 5:5 s, 30:30 min, 12:12 h (light-period-to-dark-period ratio), and continuous lighting. By determining the maximum quantum yield and relative electron transport rate of photosystem II, we found that photoperiods on the seconds scale improved photosynthetic performance of microalgae biofilm. Biomass yield and lipid content of these three microalgae cultured under the photoperiod with the seconds scale increased by 11%–24% and 7%–22%, respectively, compared with those cultured under continuous lighting. In addition, the photoperiods of 3:3 s, 5:5 s, 30:30 min, and 12:12 h were beneficial for protein synthesis. These results have important implications in establishing suitable light regimes for microalgae biofilm-based cultivation systems.
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49
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Biogas Production and Fundamental Mass Transfer Mechanism in Anaerobic Granular Sludge. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11164443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic granules are responsible for organic degradation and biogas production in a reactor. The biogas production is entirely dependent on a mass transfer mechanism, but so far, the fundamental understanding remains poor due to the covered surface of the reactor. The study aimed at investigating the fundamental mass transfer characteristics of single anaerobic granules of different sizes using microscopic imaging and analytical monitoring under single and different organic loadings. The experiment was conducted in a micro reactor and mass transfer was calculated using modified Fick’s law. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to observe biogas production zones in the granule, and a lab-scale microscope equipped with a camera revealed the biogas bubble detachment process in the micro reactor for the first time. In this experiment, the granule size was 1.32, 1.47, and 1.75 mm, but 1.75 mm granules were chosen for further investigation due to their large size. The results revealed that biogas production rates for 1.75 mm granules at initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 586, 1700, and 6700 mg/L were 0.0108, 0.0236, and 0.1007 m3/kg COD, respectively; whereas the mass transfer rates were calculated as 1.83 × 10−12, 5.30 × 10−12, and 2.08 × 10−11 mg/s. It was concluded that higher organic loading and large granules enhance the mass transfer inside the reactor. Thus, large granules should be preferred in the granule-based reactor to enhance biogas production.
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50
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Wang J, Cheng W, Liu W, Wang H, Zhang D, Qiao Z, Jin G, Liu T. Field study on attached cultivation of Arthrospira (Spirulina) with carbon dioxide as carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:270-276. [PMID: 30921579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalga is considered as a promising candidate for CO2 bio-sequestration. Biofilm attached cultivation is a newly developed technology with many advantages over conventional aqua-suspended methods. In this research, the field performance of this technology was investigated with a 10 m2 pilot system under greenhouse condition by cultivating Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis with CO2 as carbon source. The system run continuously for two months without contamination bloom. Averaged biomass productivity was 38.3 g m-2 d-1 with protein content over 60% and overall CO2 usage efficiency of 75.1%. Construction cost for the pilot system was over US$200 per m2 which was much higher than that of open pond. However, there was a great reduction space in future large-scale application if the most expensive materials were substituted with cheaper ones. These results indicated the attached cultivation was a promising technology for industrialized application of microalga in CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China
| | - Wentao Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China
| | | | | | - Guiyong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003,China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China.
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