1
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Cao M, Yang F, Zhang Y, McClements DJ, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Wei W, Wang X. Efficient method of synthesizing sn-2 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) monoacylglycerols using circular ethanolysis and glycerolysis. Food Chem 2025; 474:143047. [PMID: 39893725 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
The sn-2 monoacylglycerol (MAG) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can be used as a health-promoting ingredient in functional foods. However, the lack of a good recovery method to prepare high-purity 2-EPA MAGs has limited their application. In this study, circular ethanolysis and glycerolysis were repeated three times to synthesize 2-EPA MAGs and obtain a high recovery of EPA in them. Ethanolysis was carried out using 12 % of Lipozyme 435 and an ethanol-to-triacylglycerol (TAG) ratio of 60, which led to a TAG conversion rate of 97.3 %. Glycerolysis was then carried out using 16 % of CL "Amano" IM and a substrate-to-glycerol ratio of 9 (under vacuum), which led to a conversion rate of ethyl ester to TAGs of 96.8 %. After three ethanolysis-glycerolysis cycles, a relatively high recovery of EPA in the 2-MAG (72.1 %) was obtained. After purification, a high purity 2-EPA MAG product (EPA: 92.2 ± 1.8 %; 2-MAG: 91.50 ± 0.14 %) was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Fangwei Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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2
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Li F, Ning Y, Zhang Y, Huang H, Yuan Q, Wang X, Wei W. Positional distribution of DHA in triacylglycerols: natural sources, synthetic routes, and nutritional properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2025:1-19. [PMID: 40111396 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2025.2479071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) present in high quantities in the mammalian brain and is a precursor of several metabolites. Clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of dietary DHA in infants and adults. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the most abundant components of many natural oils, and in specific oils (e.g., fish, algal oils, etc.), they represent the main molecular form of dietary DHA. The positional distribution of DHA in the TAG glycerol backbone (sn-2 vs. sn-1/3) varied among different sources. Recent studies have shown that in human breast milk, DHA is mainly esterified at the sn-2 position (∼50% DHA of the total DHA), thus attracting research interest regarding the nutritional properties of sn-2 DHA. In this review, we summarize the different sources of TAG in natural oils with high amounts of DHA, including fish, algae, and marine mammal oils, with a focus on their positional distribution. Methods for analyzing the distribution of fatty acids in TAG of high-PUFA oils are discussed, and the lipase-catalyzed synthetic routes of specific triacylglycerols with sn-2 DHA are summarized. Furthermore, we discuss the recent research progress on the nutritional properties of DHA associated with its positional distribution on TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yibing Ning
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiren Zhang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huidong Huang
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingbin Yuan
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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3
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Zou S, Chen J, Lee YY, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Candida antartica lipase-catalyzed esterification for efficient partial acylglycerol synthesis in solvent-free system: Substrate selectivity, molecular modelling and optimization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 412:131368. [PMID: 39209228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Partial acylglycerols are valued for their emulsifying and stabilizing properties, yet precise green synthesis remains challenging due to low yield and selectivity. This study aimed to elucidate the "lipase selectivity-substrate structure-product composition" relationship to enhance the yield of targeted partial acylglycerol. The results showed that lipase exhibited a greater selectivity towards fatty acids with shorter chain lengths and higher unsaturation. Hydroxyl donors also affected the esterification process, with the enzyme-acyl complex exhibiting selectivity towards hydroxyl donors as follows: glycerol > monoacylglycerol > diacylglycerol. Substrate ratio significantly influenced enzymatic reactions; a 10:1 ratio favored triacylglycerol formation (>80 %), while a 1:1 ratio produced > 90 % partial acylglycerols. Molecular docking simulations revealed that substrates primarily interacted with lipase through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. A comprehensive understanding of lipase selectivity patterns could facilitate the design of more efficient reaction systems, enabling the conversion of basic lipid resources into desired high value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zou
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiena Chen
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yee-Ying Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Wang
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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4
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Hu J, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ji X, Zhao M, Lai M. Enzymatic synthesis of novel pyrrole esters and their thermal stability. BMC Chem 2023; 17:123. [PMID: 37742035 PMCID: PMC10518093 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work a simple enzymatic approach (Novozym 435) for transesterification to synthesize pyrrole esters was reported. To generate the best reaction conditions, which resulted in the optimum yield of 92%, the effects of lipase type, solvent, lipase load, molecular sieves, substrate molar ratio of esters to alcohol, reaction temperature, reaction duration, and speed of agitation were evaluated. The range of alcohols was assessed under optimal circumstances. The spectrum observations conclusively demonstrated that the compounds could be generated with high yield under the circumstances utilized for synthesis. The odor characteristics of the pyrrolyl esters obtained were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). Among them, compounds of benzhydryl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (3j), butyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (3k) and pentyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (3l) present sweet and acid aroma. In addition, the thermal degradation process was further studied using the Py-GC/MS (pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), TG (thermogravimetry), and DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) techniques. The outcomes of the Py-GC/MS, TG, and DSC techniques show that they have excellent thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hu
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hebei Industrial Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Shanxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Xian, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Lai
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X. Acyl migration of 2-monoacylglycerols rich in DHA: Effect of temperature and solvent medium. Food Chem 2023; 412:135501. [PMID: 36716621 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl migration of 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) rich in DHA is a universal reaction occurring during storage and structural lipid synthesis, and affects their nutritional value. In this study, their acyl migration was investigated under different systems and temperatures. The enhanced temperature promoted acyl migration, leading to a 5.6-fold increase from 20 °C to 50 °C. The kinetic study indicated rate constants followed the order: hexane > solvent-free > dichloromethane > ethanol ≈ acetone ≈ acetonitrile > t-butanol, and positively correlated with log P of solvent. During acyl migration in ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile and t-butanol at 40 °C, DHA content in 2-MAGs was higher than in 1-MAGs, indicating slow acyl migration of DHA; while at 50 °C, the difference of DHA distribution was small, due to increasing acyl migration rate. The results suggest that acyl migration of different fatty acids can be regulated by changing conditions to enrich DHA at sn-2 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Li X, Xu Y, Wang M, Wang F. Comparison of chemical characterization and oxidative stability of Lycium barbarum seed oils: A comprehensive study based on processing methods. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3888-3899. [PMID: 35984101 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Five different processing methods (cold pressing, hot pressing, solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction) were evaluated to extract oils from Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum) seeds based on the lipid composition, minor bioactive components, and oxidative stability of oils. A large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was detected in the L. barbarum seed oil, especially linoleic acid (65.24-66.26%). Minor bioactive components were abundant in L. barbarum seed oils, including tocopherols (292.65-488.49 mg/kg), phytosterols (9606.31-166,684.77 mg/kg), polyphenols (35.65-113.87 mg/kg), and carotenoid (4.17-46.16 mg/100 g). Specifically, the phytosterol content was higher than that of other common oils. Comparing the different processing techniques, ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction provided the highest extraction yield and recovery. The quantities of tocopherols, phenols, and phytosterols in hot-pressed oil were higher than those in oils extracted from other methods, and thus it had the best oxidative stability. L. barbarum seed oils extracted by different techniques showed various characteristics and could be distinguished through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: L. barbarum seed oil is a potentially underutilized oil resource with abundant essential fatty acid and phytosterol, which owns great value to apply in the nutritional, cosmetic, and medicinal fields. Hot pressing is an efficient method to produce L. barbarum seed oil for health care with high nutritional value and good quality, which can also be easily implemented on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, No. 4 Road, Future Science and Technology Park South, Beijing, 102209, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Mengze Wang
- School of Food & Wine, Ningxia University, 489 Helan West Road, Xixia District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, P.R. China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
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7
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Xie D, Chen Y, Yu J, Yang Z, Wang X, Wang X. Progress in enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11310-11326. [PMID: 35699651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2086852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been widely used in foods, and pharmaceutical products due to its beneficial effects. The content of n-3 PUFA in natural oils is usually low, which decreases its added value. Thus, there is an increasing demand on the market for n-3 PUFA concentrates. This review firstly introduces the differences in bioavailability and oxidative stability between different types of PUFA concentrate (free fatty acid, ethyl ester and acylglycerol), and then provides a comprehensive discussion of different methods for enrichment of lipids with n-3 PUFA including physical-chemical methods and enzymatic methods. Lipases used for catalyzing esterification, transesterification and hydrolysis reactions play an important role in the production of highly enriched various types of n-3 PUFA concentrates. Lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis or hydrolysis reactions are the mostly employed method to prepare high-quality n-3 PUFA of structural acylglycerols. Although many important advantages offered by lipases in enrichment of n-3 PUFA, the high cost of enzyme limits its industrial-scale production. Further research should focus on looking for biological enzymes with extraordinary catalytic ability and clear selectivity. Other novel technologies such as protein engineering and immobilization may be needed to modify lipases to improve its selectivity, catalytic ability and reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junwen Yu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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8
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Zhou D, Zhao M, Wang J, Faiza M, Chen X, Cui J, Liu N, Li D. A novel and efficient method for punicic acid-enriched diacylglycerol preparation: Enzymatic ethanolysis of pomegranate seed oil catalyzed by Lipozyme 435. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Preparation and characterization of sn-2 polyunsaturated fatty acids-rich monoacylglycerols from menhaden oil and DHA-single cell oil. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhu L, Wu G, Wang X, Jin Q, Qi X, Zhang H. Enzymatic preparation of lysophosphatidylserine containing DHA from sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylserine and DHA in a solvent-free system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Cheng X, Zhao X, Yang Z, Wang T, Wang X. Chemical characterization of Trachinotus ovatus oil for its potential application as human milk fat substitute. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Dong Z, Zhao Y, Chen J, Chang M, Wang X, Jin Q, Wang X. Enzymatic lipophilization of d-borneol extracted from Cinnamomum camphora chvar. Borneol seed. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Lee-Chang KJ, Taylor MC, Drummond G, Mulder RJ, Mansour MP, Brock M, Nichols PD. Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Naturally Concentrated at the sn-2 Position in Triacylglycerols of the Australian Thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. Strain TC 20. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070382. [PMID: 34356807 PMCID: PMC8306615 DOI: 10.3390/md19070382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Labyrinthulomycetes or Labyrinthulea are a class of protists that produce a network of filaments that enable the cells to glide along and absorb nutrients. One of the main two Labyrinthulea groups is the thraustochytrids, which are becoming an increasingly recognised and commercially used alternate source of long-chain (LC, ≥C20) omega-3 containing oils. This study demonstrates, to our knowledge for the first time, the regiospecificity of the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction derived from Australian thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. strain TC 20 obtained using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) analysis. The DHA present in the TC 20 TAG fraction was determined to be concentrated in the sn-2 position, with TAG (16:0/22:6/16:0) identified as the main species present. The sn-2 preference is similar to that found in salmon and tuna oil, and differs to seal oil containing largely sn-1,3 LC-PUFA. A higher concentration of sn-2 DHA occurred in the thraustochytrid TC 20 oil compared to that of tuna oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jye Lee-Chang
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; (M.B.); (P.D.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-6232-5224
| | | | - Guy Drummond
- Pharmamark Nutrition Pty Ltd., Eight Mile Plains, QLD 4113, Australia;
| | | | | | - Mina Brock
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; (M.B.); (P.D.N.)
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; (M.B.); (P.D.N.)
- Institute Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
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14
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Chang M, Huang J, Xie D. Enzymatic synthesis of bornyl linoleate in a solvent-free system. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Wang X, Zhao X, Yang Z, Wang X, Wang T. Effect of Solvent on Acyl Migration of 2-Monoacylglycerols in Enzymatic Ethanolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12358-12364. [PMID: 33084305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acyl migration occurs in many reactions and is the main obstacle for structured lipid synthesis. In this study, 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) was prepared by enzymatic ethanolysis in three different media to evaluate the effect of environment on product composition. The contents of 2-MAG obtained in ethanol, hexane + ethanol, and t-butanol + ethanol systems were 30.6, 15.7, and 32.4%, respectively, after 3 h reaction. Afterward, the acyl migration kinetics of 2-MAG were studied in solvent and solventless systems without the use of lipase. Results indicate that 2-MAG in the solventless system had the highest acyl migration rate. The isomerization was efficiently prevented by the use of polar solvents, especially t-butanol. The rate constants were shown to be the highest and activation energy values were the lowest in solventless systems. The novel finding in this study was that solvent had inhibitory effect on 2-MAG isomerization, but the nonpolar hexane had the lowest inhibition of acyl migration compared to other solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xinchen Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4539, United States
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16
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Ogasawara S, Ogawa S, Yamamoto Y, Hara S. Enzymatic Preparation and Oxidative Stability of Human Milk Fat Substitute Containing Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Located at sn-2 Position. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:825-835. [PMID: 32641606 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs), rich in palmitic acid (16:0) at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol (TAG) and rich in unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) (oleic acid, 18:1 and linoleic acid, 18:2) at the sn-1(3) positions, has gained popularity. In this study, HMFSs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) predominantly at the sn-2 position were prepared, and their oxidation stabilities were compared. First, a non-PUFA-containing HMFS (NP-HMFS) was produced by enzymatic reactions using Novozyme® 435 and Lipozyme® RM-IM as the enzymes and lard as the raw material. Second, HMFSs, containing 10 % PUFA at the sn-2 or sn-1(3) position, were individually prepared by enzymatic reactions using lard and fish oil as raw materials. Here, sn-2-PUFA-monoacylglycerol (MAG) was extracted from the reaction solution using a mixture of hexane and ethanol/water (70:30, v/v) to produce high-purity sn-2-PUFA-MAG with 78.1 % yield. For the PUFA-containing HMFS substrates, comparable oxidation stability was confirmed by an auto-oxidation test. Finally, HMFSs containing 10 % or 2 % sn-1,3-18:1-sn-2-PUFA-TAG species were prepared by enzymatic reactions and subsequent physical blending. The oxidative stability of sn-1,3-18:1-sn-2-PUFA-HMFS was two-fold higher than that of 1/2/3-PUFA-HMFS in which each PUFA was located without stereospecific limitations in TAG. The removal of PUFA-TAG molecular species with higher concentrations of unsaturated units had a significant effect. In addition, the oxidation stability increased with the addition of tocopherol as an antioxidant. Thus, the combined use of two strategies, that is, the removal of PUFA-TAG molecular species with high concentrations of unsaturated units and the addition of antioxidants, would provide a PUFA-containing HMFS substrate with high oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ogasawara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
| | - Shigesaburo Ogawa
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
| | - Yukihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Setsuko Hara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
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17
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Synthesis of DHA/EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis Using Novozym® 435: A Kinetic Study. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DHA/EPA ethyl ester is mainly used in the treatment of arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. In this study, DHA+EPA ethyl ester was synthesized via lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of ethyl acetate (EA) with DHA+EPA concentrate in n-hexane using Novozym® 435. The DHA+EPA concentrate (in free fatty acid form), contained 54.4% DHA and 16.8% EPA, was used as raw material. A central composite design combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the relationship between substrate concentrations and initial rate of DHA+EPA ethyl ester production. The results indicated that the reaction followed the ordered mechanism and as such, the ordered mechanism model was used to estimate the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and kinetic constants. The ordered mechanism model was also combined with the batch reaction equation to simulate and predict the conversion of DHA+EPA ethyl ester in lipase-catalyzed acidolysis. The integral equation showed a good predictive relationship between the simulated and experimental results. 88–94% conversion yields were obtained from 100–400 mM DHA+EPA concentrate at a constant enzyme activity of 200 U, substrate ratio of 1:1 (DHA+EPA: EA), and reaction time of 300 min.
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18
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He J, Hong B, Lu R, Zhang R, Fang H, Huang W, Bai K, Sun J. Separation of saturated fatty acids from docosahexaenoic acid-rich algal oil by enzymatic ethanolysis in tandem with molecular distillation. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2234-2241. [PMID: 32405380 PMCID: PMC7215222 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Algal oil, rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and an environmentally sustainable source of ω-3 fatty acids, is receiving increasing attention. In the present study, a novel approach combining ethanolysis with a 1,3-specific immobilized lipase (Lipozyme® TL IM) and molecular distillation was investigated to increase the DHA content of algal oil. Algal oil with a 45.94% DHA content was mixed with ethanol, pumped into a column filled with Lipozyme® TL IM, and then circulated for 4 hr at room temperature. The ethanol was then recycled by vacuum distillation. At an evaporator temperature of 150°C, the residue was separated by molecular distillation into a heavy component enriched with DHA glycerides (in the form of triglyceride (TG), diglyceride (DG), and monoglyceride (MG)) and a light component enriched with palmitic acid (PA) and DHA ethyl ester (EE). As a result, 76.55% of the DHA from the algal oil was present in the heavy component, whose DHA content was 70.27%. DHA-MG was collected in the heavy component mostly in the form of 1-MG. Lipozyme® TL IM appeared to specifically target PA rather than DHA at the sn-1(3) position. The Lipozyme® TL IM allowed 90.03% of the initial DHA yield to be retained after seven reaction cycles. Therefore, an eco-friendly and simple method for increasing the DHA content in algal oil has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin He
- Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
| | - Bihong Hong
- Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Ruoqi Zhang
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Hua Fang
- Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
| | - Kaikai Bai
- Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
| | - Jipeng Sun
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research InstituteZhoushanChina
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19
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Castejón N, Señoráns FJ. Enzymatic modification to produce health-promoting lipids from fish oil, algae and other new omega-3 sources: A review. N Biotechnol 2020; 57:45-54. [PMID: 32224214 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are a versatile class of enzymes that have aroused great interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their ability to modify and synthesize new lipids for functional foods. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have shown important biological functions promoting human health, especially in the development and maintenance of brain function and vision. Lipases allow selective production of functional lipids enriched in omega-3 PUFAs and are unique enzymatic tools to improve the natural composition of lipids and provide specific bioactivities. This review comprises recent research trends on the enzymatic production of bioactive, structured lipids with improved nutritional characteristics, using new enzymatic processing technologies in combination with novel raw materials, including microalgal lipids and new seed oils high in omega-3 fatty acids. An extensive number of lipase applications in the synthesis of health-promoting lipids enriched in omega-3 fatty acids by enzymatic modification is reviewed, considering the main advances in recent years for production of ethyl esters, 2-monoacylglycerols and structured triglycerides and phospholipids with omega-3 fatty acids, in order to achieve bioactive lipids as new foods and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castejón
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Señoráns
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Guo Y, Cai Z, Xie Y, Ma A, Zhang H, Rao P, Wang Q. Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and health aspects of structured lipids: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:759-800. [PMID: 33325163 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Structured lipids (SLs) refer to a new type of functional lipids obtained by chemically, enzymatically, or genetically modifying the composition and/or distribution of fatty acids in the glycerol backbone. Due to the unique physicochemical characteristics and health benefits of SLs (for example, calorie reduction, immune function improvement, and reduction in serum triacylglycerols), there is increasing interest in the research and application of novel SLs in the food industry. The chemical structures and molecular architectures of SLs define mainly their physicochemical properties and nutritional values, which are also affected by the processing conditions. In this regard, this holistic review provides coverage of the latest developments and applications of SLs in terms of synthesis strategies, physicochemical properties, health aspects, and potential food applications. Enzymatic synthesis of SLs particularly with immobilized lipases is presented with a short introduction to the genetic engineering approach. Some physical features such as solid fat content, crystallization and melting behavior, rheology and interfacial properties, as well as oxidative stability are discussed as influenced by chemical structures and processing conditions. Health-related considerations of SLs including their metabolic characteristics, biopolymer-based lipid digestion modulation, and oleogelation of liquid oils are also explored. Finally, potential food applications of SLs are shortly introduced. Major challenges and future trends in the industrial production of SLs, physicochemical properties, and digestion behavior of SLs in complex food systems, as well as further exploration of SL-based oleogels and their food application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Guo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Rheology Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Cai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Rheology Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Xie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Rheology Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Aiqin Ma
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Rheology Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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21
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Feng K, Huang Z, Peng B, Dai W, Li Y, Zhu X, Chen Y, Tong X, Lan Y, Cao Y. Immobilization of Aspergillus niger lipase onto a novel macroporous acrylic resin: Stable and recyclable biocatalysis for deacidification of high-acid soy sauce residue oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122553. [PMID: 31846852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deacidification of high-acid soy sauce residue (SSR) oil is crucial to utilization of SSR oil. Aspergillus niger lipase (ANL) has been widely applied for such purpose while its immobilization still has large room for improvement. ANL was immobilized onto six different macroporous acrylic resins, accounting the effect of the different textural properties of resins on stability and their potential for application in enzymatic deacidification. The resin MARE with lower porosity, higher bulk density, and medium hydrophobicity, was chosen as the best carrier for the best thermostability and reusability. ANL-MARE is a promising catalyst than Novozym 40086, which not only exhibited higher deacidification activity and good thermostability, but also was continuously reused for 15 cycles and efficiently catalyzed from high-acid SSR oil into diacylglycerol-enriched oil. Therefore, immobilized ANL was a novel, low-cost and recyclable biocatalyst that could be used as a good alternative to higher-cost commercial lipases in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konglong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zaocheng Huang
- Guangdong Huiertai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510730, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Guangdong Haitian Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Weijie Dai
- Guangdong Huiertai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510730, China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaoai Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xing Tong
- Guangdong Haitian Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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22
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Interesterification of Soybean Oil with Propylene Glycol in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Analysis by NMR Spectroscopy. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:905-920. [PMID: 31919758 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The time course study of high monoester mixtures from soybean oil (HMMS) synthesis, as healthier alternatives to trans food products, in a supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) medium with and without enzyme, was investigated. Phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) was used to quantify the absolute amount of partially esterified acylglycerols (PEGs). Carbon NMR was utilized to determine the type and position of the fatty acids (FAs) of HMMS. Enzyme and time significantly influenced the synthesis of 1-monoglycerides (1-MGs), 2-MGs, and 1,2-diglycerides (1,2-DGs) in this alcoholysis of soybean oil with 1,2-propanediol, based on high catalytic activity and operational stability of Novozym 435 in SCCO2 during short reaction time. Results suggest that 4 h is a suitable reaction time for this lipase-catalyzed interesterification (LIE) system for the synthesis of 2-MGs with a yield of 20%. The highest polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (65%) in the triglyceride (TG) of HMMS was produced after 4 h of reaction. After 6 h of reaction, a high level (20%) of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was found in the TGs of HMMS, which were distributed between the sn-2 (5%) and sn-1, 3 (15%) positions.
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23
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Wang Q, Xie Y, Johnson DR, Li Y, He Z, Li H. Ultrasonic-pretreated lipase-catalyzed synthesis of medium-long-medium lipids using different fatty acids as sn-2 acyl-site donors. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2361-2373. [PMID: 31367365 PMCID: PMC6657711 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current work aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the enzymatic transesterification of medium-long-medium (MLM) lipids using 2-monoacylglycerol, bearing distinct fatty acids at the sn-2 position with palmitic acid, octadecanoic acid, oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acids as sn-2 acyl donors. The effects of ultrasonic treatment conditions, including substrate concentration, reaction temperature and time, and enzyme loading, on the insertion of fatty acids into the sn-2 acyl position of MLM lipids were investigated. The data showed that low-frequency ultrasonic treatment could remarkably improve the insertion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) into the sn-2 position of MLM lipids, compared with the conventional treatment method. By increasing the ultrasonic frequency from 20 to 30 KHz, while maintaining power at 150 W, the rate of synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acid and PUFA increased from 23.7% and 26.8% to 26.6% and 32.4% (p < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, ultrasonic treatment reduced the optimum reaction temperature from 45 to 35°C. However, the activity of Lipozyme RM-IM treated with ultrasound considerably declined from 31.10% to 26.90% (p < 0.05) after its fourth cycle, which was lower than that without ultrasonic treatment. This work provokes new routes for the utilization of ultrasonic technology in the synthesis of MLM lipids using different fatty acids as sn-2 acyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityBeibei, ChongqingChina
- College of Biological and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Yuejie Xie
- College of Biological and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - David R. Johnson
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusetts
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Biological and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Zhifei He
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityBeibei, ChongqingChina
| | - Hongjun Li
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityBeibei, ChongqingChina
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24
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Wang Z, Liu L, Liu L, Liu T, Li C, Sun L. 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol-rich triacylglycerol characterization by three processing methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1632345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Research and Development Department (R&D), Hubei UBT Biological Engineering CO. LTD, Huang Gang, China
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25
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Ortiz C, Ferreira ML, Barbosa O, dos Santos JCS, Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Briand LE, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Novozym 435: the “perfect” lipase immobilized biocatalyst? Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00415g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novozym 435 (N435) is a commercially available immobilized lipase produced by Novozymes with its advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ortiz
- Escuela de Microbiología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | - María Luján Ferreira
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química – PLAPIQUI
- CONICET
- Universidad Nacional del Sur
- 8000 Bahía Blanca
- Argentina
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad del Tolima
- Ibagué
- Colombia
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira
- Redenção
- Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Laura E. Briand
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr. Jorge J. Ronco
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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26
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Wang X, Wang X, Wang W, Jin Q, Wang X. Synthesis of docosapentaenoic acid-enriched diacylglycerols by enzymatic glycerolysis of Schizochytrium sp. oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 262:278-283. [PMID: 29723787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of algae oil and glycerol for preparation of value-added products is vital for sustainable development of related industries. In this study, we aimed to prepare highly pure diacylglycerols (DAG) rich in docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). First, content of DPA in form of triacylglycerols (TAG) increased from 16.4% to 28.1% after low-temperature crystallization of Schizochytrium sp. oil at -80 °C for 6 h. Subsequently, DPA-enriched DAG was prepared by the enzymatic glycerolysis of the enriched oil. Under the optimum conditions, there was 48.4% DAG produced in the crude mixture. To remove polar impurities from the crude product, a novel two-step purification was developed and the final product consisted of 75.1% DAG and 24.9% TAG with a low peroxide value. The current method for the synthesis of DAG rich DPA is effective and relatively mild and the successful preparation of value-added product will reduce production costs for algae and biodiesel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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