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Kim G, Yang H. Electrochemical biosensor using direct electron transfer and an antibody-aptamer hybrid sandwich for target detection in complex biological samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 253:116184. [PMID: 38452569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Direct electron transfer (DET) between an electrode and redox labels is feasible in electrochemical biosensors using small aptamer-aptamer sandwiches; however, its application is limited in biosensors that rely on larger antibody-antibody sandwiches. The development of sandwich-type biosensors utilizing DET is challenged by the scarcity of aptamer-aptamer sandwich pairs with high affinity in complex biological samples. Here, we introduce an electrochemical biosensor using an antibody-aptamer hybrid sandwich for detecting thrombin in human serum. The biosensor enables rapid DET through an antibody-aptamer hybrid configuration comprising (i) an antibody capture probe that provides high and specific affinity to the target in human serum, (ii) the target thrombin, and (iii) an aptamer detection probe that facilitates convenient terminal conjugation with long flexible spacer DNA and polylinker peptide containing multiple amine-reactive phenazine ethosulfate (arPES) redox labels, allowing the conjugated labels to easily approach the electrode. Rapid repeated DET using arPES-catalyzed NADH oxidation strongly enhanced the electrochemical signals. Properly sized spacer and polylinker provided low nonspecific adsorption of the aptamer probe conjugated with multiple arPESs and low interference with the binding of the aptamer probe. Methods for immobilizing thiol-terminated antibodies on Au electrodes were compared and optimized. The developed biosensor using the antibody-aptamer hybrid sandwich exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting thrombin, surpassing the limitations of an aptamer-aptamer sandwich owing to the low affinity of thrombin aptamers in human serum. The calculated detection limit of the biosensor was ∼1.5 pM in buffer and ∼2.7 nM in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Kirsch ZJ, Vachet RW. Proteins Can Withstand More Extensive Labeling while Providing Accurate Structural Information in Covalent Labeling-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1030-1039. [PMID: 38581471 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) covalent labeling-mass spectrometry (CL-MS) has been extensively utilized to study protein structure and interactions owing to its ease of use, commercial availability, and broad labeling of nucleophilic residues. During typical CL-MS experiments with DEPC, the extent of labeling is kept low to avoid any structural perturbations resulting from covalent modification of the protein. In this study, we demonstrate that proteins can be labeled more extensively via DEPC and still provide accurate structural information. To show this, we modeled labeling kinetics over a range of DEPC concentrations and used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the molecular-level effects of extensive labeling on the protein structure. Our results indicate that higher extents of DEPC labeling do not significantly perturb the protein structure and can lead to improved precision, detectability of labeled peptides, and protein structural resolution. Furthermore, higher extents of labeling enable better identification of protein-ligand binding sites where lower extents of modification provide ambiguous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Kirsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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3
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Berger M, Rosa da Mata S, Pizzolatti NM, Parizi LF, Konnai S, da Silva Vaz I, Seixas A, Tirloni L. An Ixodes persulcatus Inhibitor of Plasmin and Thrombin Hinders Keratinocyte Migration, Blood Coagulation, and Endothelial Permeability. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1112-1123.e7. [PMID: 37996063 PMCID: PMC11034719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the first host tissue that the tick mouthparts, tick saliva, and a tick-borne pathogen contact during feeding. Tick salivary glands have evolved a complex and sophisticated pharmacological arsenal, consisting of bioactive molecules, to assist blood feeding and pathogen transmission. In this work, persulcatin, a multifunctional molecule that targets keratinocyte function and hemostasis, was identified from Ixodes persulcatus female ticks. The recombinant persulcatin was expressed and purified and is a 25-kDa acidic protein with 2 Kunitz-type domains. Persulcatin is a classical tight-binding competitive inhibitor of proteases, targeting plasmin (Ki: 28 nM) and thrombin (Ki: 115 nM). It blocks plasmin generation on keratinocytes and inhibits their migration and matrix protein degradation; downregulates matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9; and causes a delay in blood coagulation, endothelial cell activation, and thrombin-induced fibrinocoagulation. It interacts with exosite I of thrombin and reduces thrombin-induced endothelial cell permeability by inhibiting vascular endothelial-cadherin disruption. The multifaceted roles of persulcatin as an inhibitor and modulator within the plasminogen-plasmin system and thrombin not only unveil further insights into the intricate mechanisms governing wound healing but also provide a fresh perspective on the intricate interactions between ticks and their host organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Berger
- Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, USA; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sheila Rosa da Mata
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Fernando Parizi
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Seixas
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Tirloni
- Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, USA.
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4
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Kong D, Thompson IAP, Maganzini N, Eisenstein M, Soh HT. Aptamer-Antibody Chimera Sensors for Sensitive, Rapid, and Reversible Molecular Detection in Complex Samples. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1168-1177. [PMID: 38407035 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of receptors suitable for the continuous detection of analytes in complex, interferent-rich samples remains challenging. Antibodies are highly sensitive but difficult to engineer in order to introduce signaling functionality, while aptamer switches are easy to construct but often yield only a modest target sensitivity. We present here a programmable antibody and DNA aptamer switch (PANDAS), which combines the desirable properties of both receptors by using a nucleic acid tether to link an analyte-specific antibody to an internal strand-displacement (ISD)-based aptamer switch that recognizes the same target through different epitopes. The antibody increases PANDAS analyte binding due to its high affinity, and the effective concentration between the two receptors further enhances two-epitope binding and fluorescent aptamer signaling. We developed a PANDAS sensor for the clotting protein thrombin and show that a tuned design achieves a greater than 300-fold enhanced sensitivity compared to that of using an aptamer alone. This design also exhibits reversible binding, enabling repeated measurements with a temporal resolution of ∼10 min, and retains excellent sensitivity even in interferent-rich samples. With future development, this PANDAS approach could enable the adaptation of existing protein-binding aptamers with modest affinity to sensors that deliver excellent sensitivity and minute-scale resolution in minimally prepared biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Kong
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ian A P Thompson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nicolo Maganzini
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael Eisenstein
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hyongsok Tom Soh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Afaque Ansari M, Juen Liew W, Padmakumari Kurup C, Uddin Ahmed M. Label-free electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive thrombin detection using graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nano onion-based nanocomposite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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6
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Zhu M, Xu F, Miao S, Xie C, Li H, Li S, Xia F. Incorporation of a Multi-Valent Aptamer into Electrochemical Biosensors to Achieve an Improved Performance for Thrombin Analysis in Blood Serum. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200325. [PMID: 36410784 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensor usually has a long reaction time when detecting thrombin. This work reports the design of an E-AB biosensor with dual recognition sites to quickly detect thrombin. Specifically, two specific recognition sites of thrombin were used to design three aptamer sequences (TBA-15, TBA-29 and TBA-U), followed by fabrication of corresponding sensors. First, we tested these three types of biosensors in tris buffer solution, and found that the response time of the TBA-U sensor to the same concentration of thrombin was about 2 hours, which is shorter than TBA-15 and TBA-29 sensors. Then, we also did the same test in 50 % diluted serum with 500 nM thrombin. The response time of the TBA-U sensor was about 2 hours, which is still faster than the 3 hours of TBA-15 sensor and the 5.5 hours for TBA-29 sensor. In addition, in terms of dynamic range and specificity, TBA-U has good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chongyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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7
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Chuaychob S, Fujita M, Maeda M. G-Quadruplex-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for a Real-Time Biomolecule Sensor with On-Demand Tunable Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4870-4878. [PMID: 35422119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were fabricated for a new sensing platform for a biomolecule, thrombin. Thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA), which forms a highly ordered G4 structure, was immobilized on AuNPs. The particles were induced to aggregate by binding of thrombin to G4 DNA. Thrombin was thus detected by the color change of the colloidal system from red to purple-blue. The aggregation was not due to the bridging between the particles through thrombin but to the reduction in steric repulsion attributable to the mobility and flexibility of G4 DNA. The change in the colloidal stability was quick and the bathochromic peak shift varied with the concentration of thrombin. The sensor showed a high specificity to the thrombin target over major proteins in human serum. The detection sensitivity and analytical performance were successfully tuned for an on-demand sensor with a linearity of 10.0-40.0 nM. The limits of detection and of quantification were 3.6 and 10.7 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surachada Chuaychob
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mizuo Maeda
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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8
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Soukarié D, Rousseau P, Salhi M, de Caro A, Escudier JM, Tardin C, Ecochard V, Salomé L. Single-Molecule Sandwich Aptasensing on Nanoarrays by Tethered Particle Motion Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4319-4327. [PMID: 35226451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput single-molecule techniques are expected to challenge the demand for rapid, simple, and sensitive detection methods in health and environmental fields. Based on a single-DNA-molecule biochip for the parallelization of tethered particle motion analyses by videomicroscopy coupled to image analysis and its smart combination with aptamers, we successfully developed an aptasensor enabling the detection of single target molecules by a sandwich assay. One aptamer is grafted to the nanoparticles tethered to the surface by a long DNA molecule bearing the second aptamer in its middle. The detection and quantification of the target are direct. The recognition of the target by a pair of aptamers leads to a looped configuration of the DNA-particle complex associated with a restricted motion of the particles, which is monitored in real time. An analytical range extending over 3 orders of magnitude of target concentration with a limit of detection in the picomolar range was obtained for thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Soukarié
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Rousseau
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Maya Salhi
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia de Caro
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Escudier
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Tardin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Ecochard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Salomé
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
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9
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Colorimetric detection of thrombin based on signal amplification by transcription-reverse transcription concerted reaction using non-crosslinking aggregation of gold nanoparticles. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:3-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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10
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Bialy RM, Li Y, Brennan JD. Target-Dependent Protection of DNA Aptamers against Nucleolytic Digestion Enables Signal-On Biosensing with Toehold-Mediated Rolling Circle Amplification. Chemistry 2021; 27:14543-14549. [PMID: 34437748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a generalizable strategy for biosensing that takes advantage of the resistance of DNA aptamers against nuclease digestion when bound with their targets, coupled with toehold mediated strand displacement (TMSD) and rolling circle amplification (RCA). A DNA aptamer containing a toehold extension at its 5'-end protects it from 3'-exonuclease digestion by phi29 DNA polymerase (phi29 DP) in a concentration-dependent manner. The protected aptamer can participate in RCA in the presence of a circular template that is designed to free the aptamer from its target via TMSD. The absence of the target leads to aptamer digestion, and thus no RCA product is produced, resulting in a turn-on sensor. Using two different DNA aptamers, we demonstrate rapid and quantitative real-time fluorescence detection of two human proteins: platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and thrombin. Sensitive detection of PDGF was also achieved in human serum and human plasma, demonstrating the selectivity of the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M Bialy
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John D Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
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11
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Design and validation of fiber optic localized surface plasmon resonance sensor for thyroglobulin immunoassay with high sensitivity and rapid detection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15985. [PMID: 34362953 PMCID: PMC8346482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple optical fiber sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance was constructed for direct and rapid measurement of thyroglobulin (Tg). Specific tests for Tg in patients that have undergone thyroidectomy are limited because of insufficient sensitivity, complicated procedures, and in some cases, a long time to yield a result. A sensitive, fast, and simple method is necessary to relieve the psychological and physical burden of the patient. Various concentrations of Tg were measured in a microfluidic channel using an optical fiber sensor with gold nanoparticles. The sensor chip has a detection limit of 93.11 fg/mL with no specificity for other antigens. The potential applicability of the Tg sensing system was evaluated using arbitrary samples containing specific concentrations of Tg. Finally, the sensor can be employed to detect Tg in the patient’s serum, with a good correlation when compared with the commercial kit.
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12
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Muto Y, Hirao G, Zako T. Transcription-Based Amplified Colorimetric Thrombin Sensor Using Non-Crosslinking Aggregation of DNA-Modified Gold Nanoparticles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4318. [PMID: 34202605 PMCID: PMC8272040 DOI: 10.3390/s21134318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been employed as colorimetric biosensors due to the color difference between their dispersed (red) and aggregated (blue) states. Although signal amplification reactions triggered by structural changes of the ligands on AuNPs have been widely used to improve measurement sensitivity, the use of ligands is limited. In this study, we designed a AuNP-based signal-amplifying sandwich biosensor, which does not require a conformational change in the ligands. Thrombin was used as a model target, which is recognized by two different probes. In the presence of the target, an extension reaction occurs as a result of hybridization of the two probes. Then RNA synthesis is started by RNA polymerase activation due to RNA promoter duplex formation. The amplified RNA drives aggregation or dispersion of the AuNPs, and a difference of the color if the AuNP solution is observed. As this detection system does not require a conformational change in the ligand, it can be generically applied to a wide range ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Muto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; (Y.M.); (G.H.)
- Tokyo Research Center, TOSOH Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase 252-1123, Japan
| | - Gen Hirao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; (Y.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Tamotsu Zako
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; (Y.M.); (G.H.)
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13
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2D titanium carbide nanosheets based fluorescent aptasensor for sensitive detection of thrombin. Talanta 2021; 228:122219. [PMID: 33773725 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The emerging two-dimensional titanium carbides (MXenes) have a large potential in biomedical sensing owing to their excellent electrical and optical properties. Herein, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) aptasensor with high sensitivity and specificity was constructed with single layer Ti3C2 MXene for quantitative detection of thrombin. The dye labelled thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) was deposited on the surface of Ti3C2, and the fluorescence of which was efficiently quenched owing to the FRET between the dye and Ti3C2. The fact that thrombin forms quadruplex with TBA on Ti3C2 surface is due to the high electronic affinity between thrombin and Ti3C2. This process will cause the subsequent detachment of dye from the surface of Ti3C2, resulting in the recovery of fluorescence. Because of the special structure and high fluorescence quenching efficiency of Ti3C2 MXene, the aptasensor shows a high sensitivity with a low detection limit for thrombin at 5.27 pM. Three different aptamers were compared, and the aptamer HD22 is most sensitive for detection of thrombin originated from its great specificity in the human plasma. Importantly, this Ti3C2 MXene-based FRET aptasensor can detect thrombin in human serum accurately. These results suggest that the Ti3C2 MXene-based FRET aptasensor hold a great prospect in clinical diagnosis in the real-world applications.
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14
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Hvas AM, Favaloro EJ, Hellfritzsch M. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:335-346. [PMID: 33736552 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1905512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an infrequent complication following heparin exposure but with potentially fatal outcome due to thrombotic complications. Prompt suspension of heparin is necessary if HIT is suspected, followed by initiation of non-heparin anticoagulant therapy.Areas covered: In this review, the pathophysiology and challenges in diagnosing HIT are elucidated. Current and emerging treatment options are discussed with special focus on parenteral thrombin inhibitors (argatroban, bivalirudin), parenteral factor Xa inhibitors (danaparoid, fondaparinux) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs [rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran]) including dosing strategies for DOACs. The database PubMed was employed without time boundaries.Expert opinion: Only argatroban holds regulatory approval for HIT treatment in both U.S. and Europe. This treatment is, however, challenged by the need for close monitoring and high costs. Fondaparinux has been increasingly used for off-label treatment and during recent years, evidence for the use of DOACs has emerged. Preliminary results from observational studies hold promise for future use of DOACs in the acute and subacute phase of HIT. However, so far, the use of DOACs in acute HIT should be reserved for clinically stable patients without severe thrombotic complications. Importantly, both fondaparinux and DOAC use is contraindicated in severe renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mette Hvas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University. Address: Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel J Favaloro
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Maja Hellfritzsch
- Department of Cardiology, Herning Regional Hospital, Herning, Denmark
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15
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ZHANG T, TAO Q, BIAN XJ, CHEN Q, YAN J. Rapid Visualized Detection of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 by DNA Hydrogel Based on Rolling Circle Amplification. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(21)60085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Riccardi C, Napolitano E, Platella C, Musumeci D, Montesarchio D. G-quadruplex-based aptamers targeting human thrombin: Discovery, chemical modifications and antithrombotic effects. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 217:107649. [PMID: 32777331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
First studies on thrombin-inhibiting DNA aptamers were reported in 1992, and since then a large number of anticoagulant aptamers has been discovered. TBA - also named HD1, a 15-mer G-quadruplex (G4)-forming oligonucleotide - is the best characterized thrombin binding aptamer, able to specifically recognize the protein exosite I, thus inhibiting the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands. Unmodified nucleic acid-based aptamers, in general, and TBA in particular, exhibit limited pharmacokinetic properties and are rapidly degraded in vivo by nucleases. In order to improve the biological performance of aptamers, a widely investigated strategy is the introduction of chemical modifications in their backbone at the level of the nucleobases, sugar moieties or phosphodiester linkages. Besides TBA, also other thrombin binding aptamers, able to adopt a well-defined G4 structure, e.g. mixed duplex/quadruplex sequences, as well as homo- and hetero-bivalent constructs, have been identified and optimized. Considering the growing need of new efficient anticoagulant agents associated with the strong therapeutic potential of these thrombin inhibitors, the research on thrombin binding aptamers is still a very hot and intriguing field. Herein, we comprehensively described the state-of-the-art knowledge on the DNA-based aptamers targeting thrombin, especially focusing on the optimized analogues obtained by chemically modifying the oligonucleotide backbone, and their biological performances in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2(nd) Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ettore Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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17
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Zhang H, Yang L, Zhu X, Wang Y, Yang H, Wang Z. A Rapid and Ultrasensitive Thrombin Biosensor Based on a Rationally Designed Trifunctional Protein. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000364. [PMID: 32406199 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of thrombin is imperative for the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombin-related diseases. Here, an ultrasensitive and rapid thrombin biosensor is developed based on rationally designed trifunctional protein HTs, comprising three functional units, including a far-red fluorescent protein smURFP, hydrophobin HGFI, and a thrombin cleavage site (TCS). smURFP is used as a detection signal to eliminate any interference from the autofluorescence of sample matrix to increase detection sensitivity. HGFI serve as an adhesive unit to allow rapid immobilization of HTs on a multiwall plate. The TCS linking HGFI and smURFP function as a sensing element to recognize and detect thrombin. HTs immobilization is symmetrically optimized and characterized. Thrombin assay reveals the specific recognition of active thrombin in samples and the hydrolysis of the immobilized HTs, resulting in a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the sample in a thrombin concentration-dependent manner. The limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 0.2 am in the serum. To the authors' knowledge, this is the lowest LOD ever reported for any thrombin biosensor. This study sheds light on the engineering of multifunctional proteins for biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayue Zhang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular StructuresCollege of Precision Instrument and Opto‐Electronics EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular StructuresCollege of Precision Instrument and Opto‐Electronics EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaqing Zhu
- School of Life SciencesTianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular StructuresCollege of Precision Instrument and Opto‐Electronics EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular StructuresCollege of Precision Instrument and Opto‐Electronics EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Haitao Yang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular StructuresCollege of Precision Instrument and Opto‐Electronics EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Center for Anti‐Infective Research & DevelopmentTianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Zefang Wang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular StructuresCollege of Precision Instrument and Opto‐Electronics EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Center for Anti‐Infective Research & DevelopmentTianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine Tianjin 300457 China
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18
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Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclic NU172 Analogues: A Biophysical and Biological Insight. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113860. [PMID: 32485818 PMCID: PMC7312020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NU172—a 26-mer oligonucleotide able to bind exosite I of human thrombin and inhibit its activity—was the first aptamer to reach Phase II clinical studies as an anticoagulant in heart disease treatments. With the aim of favoring its functional duplex-quadruplex conformation and thus improving its enzymatic stability, as well as its thrombin inhibitory activity, herein a focused set of cyclic NU172 analogues—obtained by connecting its 5′- and 3′-extremities with flexible linkers—was synthesized. Two different chemical approaches were exploited in the cyclization procedure, one based on the oxime ligation method and the other on Cu(I)-assisted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), affording NU172 analogues including circularizing linkers with different length and chemical nature. The resulting cyclic NU172 derivatives were characterized using several biophysical techniques (ultraviolet (UV) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, gel electrophoresis) and then investigated for their serum resistance and anticoagulant activity in vitro. All the cyclic NU172 analogues showed higher thermal stability and nuclease resistance compared to unmodified NU172. These favorable properties were, however, associated with reduced—even though still significant—anticoagulant activity, suggesting that the conformational constraints introduced upon cyclization were somehow detrimental for protein recognition. These results provide useful information for the design of improved analogues of NU172 and related duplex-quadruplex structures.
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Huang Q, Gao Q, Chai X, Ren W, Zhang G, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Lei X, Ma L. A novel thrombin inhibitory peptide discovered from leech using affinity chromatography combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectroscopy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1151:122153. [PMID: 32512533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin (THR) inhibitors play an important role in the treatment of thrombotic diseases. This study established a THR-based bio-specific extraction coupled with affinity chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectroscopy (UPLC-HR-MS) analysis method to screen and identify THR ligands in Leech. After evaluating the reliability of the screening method using positive control drug (hirudin), it was successfully used to screen the potential active constituents in leech. And a comprehensive analysis of the peptides in leech elution was performed by UPLC-HR-MS, a total of 34 peptides were identified. At the same time, anti-THR activity was explored and inferred by searching databases and published literature. As a result, six peptides were discovered to be potential active compounds in leech. Further, the six peptides were synthesized and in vitro enzymatic activity assay was performed. Finally, SYELPDGQVITIGNER was screened as an anti-THR peptide with an IC50 value of 255.75 µM and it was discovered for the first time from Whitmania pigra Whitman and Hirudo nipponica Whitman. The molecular docking study showed that THR inhibitory activity of the polypeptide was mainly attributed to the hydrogen bond interactions, van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions interaction between polypeptide and THR. These results suggest that the polypeptide is a potential natural THR inhibitor that can be used as anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qian Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingjun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiongxin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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20
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Humenik M, Preiß T, Gödrich S, Papastavrou G, Scheibel T. Functionalized DNA-spider silk nanohydrogels for controlled protein binding and release. Mater Today Bio 2020; 6:100045. [PMID: 32259099 PMCID: PMC7096766 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are excellent scaffolds to accommodate sensitive enzymes in a protective environment. However, the lack of suitable immobilization techniques on substrates and the lack of selectivity to anchor a biocatalyst are major drawbacks preventing the use of hydrogels in bioanalytical devices. Here, nanofilm coatings on surfaces were made of a recombinant spider silk protein (rssp) to induce rssp self-assembly and thus the formation of fibril-based nanohydrogels. To functionalize spider silk nanohydrogels for bioselective binding of proteins, two different antithrombin aptamers were chemically conjugated with the rssp, thereby integrating the target-binding function into the nanohydrogel network. Human thrombin was selected as a sensitive model target, in which the structural integrity determines its activity. The chosen aptamers, which bind various exosites of thrombin, enabled selective and cooperative embedding of the protein into the nanohydrogels. The change of the aptamer secondary structure using complementary DNA sequences led to the release of active thrombin and confirmed the addressable functionalization of spider silk nanohydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Humenik
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann.Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tamara Preiß
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann.Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gödrich
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Georg Papastavrou
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann.Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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21
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Application of Piezo-Based Measuring System for Evaluation of Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs Influencing the Coagulation. SENSORS 2019; 20:s20010152. [PMID: 31881749 PMCID: PMC6982813 DOI: 10.3390/s20010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During open-heart surgery, the status of hemostasis has to be constantly monitored to quickly and reliably detect bleeding or coagulation disorders. In this study, a novel optimized piezo-based measuring system (PIEZ) for rheological monitoring of hemostasis was established. The applicability of the PIEZ for the evaluation of nucleic acid-based drugs influencing coagulation was analyzed. Thrombin aptamers such as NU172 might be used during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) in combination with a reduced heparin concentration or for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Therefore, the effect of the coagulation inhibiting thrombin aptamer NU172 and the abrogation by its complementary antidote sequence (AD) were investigated by this rheological PIEZ system. After the addition of different NU172 concentrations, the coagulation of fresh human blood was analyzed under static conditions and using an in vitro rotation model under dynamic conditions (simulating ECC). The clotting times (CTs) detected by PIEZ were compared to those obtained with a medical reference device, a ball coagulometer. Additionally, after the circulation of blood samples for 30 min at 37 °C, blood cell numbers, thrombin markers (thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) and fibrinopeptide A (FPA)) and a platelet activation marker (β-thromboglobulin (β-TG)) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The increase of NU172 concentration resulted in prolonged CTs, which were comparable between the reference ball coagulometer and the PIEZ, demonstrating the reliability of the new measuring system. Moreover, by looking at the slope of the linear regression of the viscous and elastic components, PIEZ also could provide information on the kinetics of the coagulation reaction. The shear viscosity at the end of the measurements (after 300 s) was indicative of clot firmness. Furthermore, the PIEZ was able to detect the abrogation of coagulation inhibition after the equimolar addition of NU172 aptamer´s AD. The obtained results showed that the established PIEZ is capable to dynamically measure the hemostasis status in whole blood and can be applied to analyze nucleic acid-based drugs influencing the coagulation.
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22
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Siddique RH, Kumar S, Narasimhan V, Kwon H, Choo H. Aluminum Metasurface with Hybrid Multipolar Plasmons for 1000-Fold Broadband Visible Fluorescence Enhancement and Multiplexed Biosensing. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13775-13783. [PMID: 31689079 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al)-based nanoantennae traditionally suffer from weak plasmonic performance in the visible range, necessitating the application of more expensive noble metal substrates for rapidly expanding biosensing opportunities. We introduce a metasurface comprising Al nanoantennae of nanodisks-in-cavities that generate hybrid multipolar lossless plasmonic modes to strongly enhance local electromagnetic fields and increase the coupled emitter's local density of states throughout the visible regime. This results in highly efficient electromagnetic field confinement in visible wavelengths by these nanoantennae, favoring real-world plasmonic applications of Al over other noble metals. Additionally, we demonstrate spontaneous localization and concentration of target molecules at metasurface hotspots, leading to further improved on-chip detection sensitivity and a broadband fluorescence-enhancement factor above 1000 for visible wavelengths with respect to glass chips commonly used in bioassays. Using the metasurface and a multiplexing technique involving three visible wavelengths, we successfully detected three biomarkers, insulin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and thrombin relevant to diabetes, ocular and cardiovascular diseases, respectively, in a single 10 μL droplet containing only 1 fmol of each biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwanul Hasan Siddique
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard , MC 136-93, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technologies, Samsung Electronics , 130 Samseong-ro , Maetan-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16678 , South Korea
| | - Shailabh Kumar
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard , MC 136-93, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Vinayak Narasimhan
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard , MC 136-93, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Hyounghan Kwon
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard , MC 136-93, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Hyuck Choo
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard , MC 136-93, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard , MC 136-93, Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technologies, Samsung Electronics , 130 Samseong-ro , Maetan-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16678 , South Korea
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23
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Roxo C, Kotkowiak W, Pasternak A. G-Quadruplex-Forming Aptamers-Characteristics, Applications, and Perspectives. Molecules 2019; 24:E3781. [PMID: 31640176 PMCID: PMC6832456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes constitute a unique class of nucleic acid structures formed by G-rich oligonucleotides of DNA- or RNA-type. Depending on their chemical nature, loops length, and localization in the sequence or structure molecularity, G-quadruplexes are highly polymorphic structures showing various folding topologies. They may be formed in the human genome where they are believed to play a pivotal role in the regulation of multiple biological processes such as replication, transcription, and translation. Thus, natural G-quadruplex structures became prospective targets for disease treatment. The fast development of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technologies provided a number of G-rich aptamers revealing the potential of G-quadruplex structures as a promising molecular tool targeted toward various biologically important ligands. Because of their high stability, increased cellular uptake, ease of chemical modification, minor production costs, and convenient storage, G-rich aptamers became interesting therapeutic and diagnostic alternatives to antibodies. In this review, we describe the recent advances in the development of G-quadruplex based aptamers by focusing on the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of this exceptional class of nucleic acid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Roxo
- Department of Nucleic Acids Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Weronika Kotkowiak
- Department of Nucleic Acids Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Pasternak
- Department of Nucleic Acids Bioengineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
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24
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Ma X, Gosai A, Shrotriya P. Resolving electrical stimulus triggered molecular binding and force modulation upon thrombin-aptamer biointerface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 559:1-12. [PMID: 31605780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and computational approaches are utilized to investigate the influence of electrostatic fields on the binding force between human coagulation protein thrombin and its DNA aptamer. The thiolated aptamer was deposited onto gold substrate located in a liquid cell filled with binding buffer, then the thrombin-functionalized atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe was repeatedly brought into contact with the aptamer-coated surface under applied electrical potentials of -100, 0, and 100 mV respectively. Force drops during the pull-off process were measured to determine the unbinding forces between thrombin and aptamer in a range of loading rates spanning from ~3 × 102 to ~1 × 104 pN/s. The results from experiments showed that both of the binding strength and propensity of the complex are drastically diminished under positive electrode potential, whereas there is no influence on the molecular binding from negative electrode potential. We also used a theoretical analysis to explain the nature of electrostatic potential and field inside the aptamer-thrombin layer, which in turn could quantify the influence of the electrostatically repulsive force on a thrombin molecule that promotes dissociation from the aptamer due to positive electrode potential, and achieve good agreement with the experimental results. The study confirms the feasibility of electrostatic modulation upon the binding interaction between thrombin and aptamer, and implicates an underlying application perspective upon nanoscale manipulation of the stimuli responsive biointerface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Agnivo Gosai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Pranav Shrotriya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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25
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Kurt H, Eyüpoğlu AE, Sütlü T, Budak H, Yüce M. Plasmonic Selection of ssDNA Aptamers against Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:578-587. [PMID: 31265241 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the selection of ssDNA aptamers targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor binding protein 3 K650E, which has roles in cell division, growth, and differentiation through the kinase cascade. The selection process was based on the label-free, real-time monitoring of binding interactions by surface plasmon resonance, allowing for convenient manipulation of the selection rounds. Next generation sequencing data provided four major motif families from which nine individual sequences were selected based on their abundance levels. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed binding of the selected aptamers to the target protein without significant interference from fibroblast growth factor receptor binding protein 2, indicating the selectivity of the aptamers. The dissociation constant at equilibrium for the best aptamer candidate, SU-3, was found to be (28.2 ± 19.6) × 10-9 M (n = 5) using a single-cycle kinetic analysis method. Advantages of the experimental setup and potential applications of the selected aptamers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kurt
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Beykoz, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanosolar Plasmonics Ltd., Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Alp Ertunga Eyüpoğlu
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Sütlü
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hikmet Budak
- Montana State University, Cereal Genomics Lab, Bozeman, Montana 59717-2000, United States
| | - Meral Yüce
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul Turkey
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26
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Yan J, Xiong H, Cai S, Wen N, He Q, Liu Y, Peng D, Liu Z. Advances in aptamer screening technologies. Talanta 2019; 200:124-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Du F, Zhang H, Tan X, Ai C, Li M, Yan J, Liu M, Wu Y, Feng D, Liu S, Han H. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots doped silica nanoparticles as enhancers for electrochemiluminescence thrombin aptasensors based on 3D graphene. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Ponce AT, Hong KL. A Mini-Review: Clinical Development and Potential of Aptamers for Thrombotic Events Treatment and Monitoring. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030055. [PMID: 31357413 PMCID: PMC6784064 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique opportunity for aptamer uses in thrombotic events has sparked a considerable amount of research in the area. The short half-lives of unmodified aptamers in vivo remain one of the major challenges in therapeutic aptamers. Much of the incremental successful therapeutic aptamer stories were due to modifications in the aptamer bases. This mini-review briefly summarizes the successes and challenges in the clinical development of aptamers for thrombotic events, and highlights some of the most recent developments in using aptamers for anticoagulation monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Ponce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Ka Lok Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA.
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29
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Construction of ultrasensitive label-free aptasensor for thrombin detection using palladium nanocones boosted electrochemiluminescence system. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Zavyalova E, Kopylov A. Energy Transfer as A Driving Force in Nucleic Acid⁻Protein Interactions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071443. [PMID: 30979095 PMCID: PMC6480146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many nucleic acid–protein structures have been resolved, though quantitative structure-activity relationship remains unclear in many cases. Thrombin complexes with G-quadruplex aptamers are striking examples of a lack of any correlation between affinity, interface organization, and other common parameters. Here, we tested the hypothesis that affinity of the aptamer–protein complex is determined with the capacity of the interface to dissipate energy of binding. Description and detailed analysis of 63 nucleic acid–protein structures discriminated peculiarities of high-affinity nucleic acid–protein complexes. The size of the amino acid sidechain in the interface was demonstrated to be the most significant parameter that correlates with affinity of aptamers. This observation could be explained in terms of need of efficient energy transfer from interacting residues. Application of energy dissipation theory provided an illustrative tool for estimation of efficiency of aptamer–protein complexes. These results are of great importance for a design of efficient aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey Kopylov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Wakui K, Yoshitomi T, Yamaguchi A, Tsuchida M, Saito S, Shibukawa M, Furusho H, Yoshimoto K. Rapidly Neutralizable and Highly Anticoagulant Thrombin-Binding DNA Aptamer Discovered by MACE SELEX. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:348-359. [PMID: 30986696 PMCID: PMC6462803 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a rapidly neutralizable and highly anticoagulant thrombin-binding aptamer with a short toehold sequence, originally discovered by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) with microbead-assisted capillary electrophoresis (MACE). MACE is a novel CE-partitioning method for SELEX and able to separate aptamers from a library of unbound nucleic acids, where the aptamer and target complexes can be detected reliably and partitioned with high purity even in the first selection cycle. Three selection rounds of MACE-SELEX discovered several TBAs with a nanomolar affinity (Kd = 4.5-8.2 nM) that surpasses previously reported TBAs such as HD1, HD22, and NU172 (Kd = 118, 13, and 12 nM, respectively). One of the obtained aptamers, M08, showed a 10- to 20-fold longer prolonged clotting time than other anticoagulant TBAs, such as HD1, NU172, RE31, and RA36. Analyses of the aptamer and thrombin complexes using both bare and coated capillaries suggested that a large number of efficient aptamers are missed in conventional CE-SELEX because of increased interaction between the complex and the capillary. In addition, the toehold-mediated rapid antidote was designed for safe administration. The efficient aptamer and antidote system developed in the present study could serve as a new candidate for anticoagulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Wakui
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshitomi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Akane Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Maho Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shingo Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masami Shibukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Furusho
- Chemical General Division, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 2-10-2 Tsuboi-nishi, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8507, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; JST, PRESTO, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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Tan KX, Pan S, Jeevanandam J, Danquah MK. Cardiovascular therapies utilizing targeted delivery of nanomedicines and aptamers. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:413-425. [PMID: 30660748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular ailments are the foremost trigger of death in the world today, including myocardial infarction and ischemic heart diseases. To date, extraordinary measures have been prescribed, from the perspectives of both conventional medical therapies and surgeries, to enforce cardiac cell regeneration post cardiac traumas, albeit with limited long-term success. The prospects of successful heart transplants are also grim, considering exorbitant costs and unavailability of suitable donors in most cases. From the perspective of cardiac revascularization, use of nanoparticles and nanoparticle mediated targeted drug delivery have garnered substantial attention, attributing to both active and passive heart targeting, with enhanced target specificity and sensitivity. This review focuses on this aspect, while outlining the progress in targeted delivery of nanomedicines in the prognosis and subsequent therapy of cardiovascular disorders, and recapitulating the benefits and intrinsic challenges associated with the incorporation of nanoparticles. This article categorically provides an overview of nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery systems and their implications in handling cardiovascular diseases, including their intrinsic benefits and encountered procedural trials and challenges. Additionally, the solicitations of aptamers in targeted drug delivery with identical objectives, are presented. This includes a detailed appraisal on various aptamer-navigated nanoparticle targeted delivery platforms in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular maladies. Despite a few impending challenges, subject to additional investigations, both nanoparticles as well as aptamers show a high degree of promise, and pose as the next generation of drug delivery vehicles, in targeted cardiovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Xian Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, 98009 Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Sharadwata Pan
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, 98009 Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States.
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Tu C, Dai Y, Xu K, Qi M, Wang W, Wu L, Wang A. Determination of Tetracycline in Water and Honey by Iron(II, III)/Aptamer-Based Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1560458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Tu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Mengyu Qi
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Liang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Cai S, Yan J, Xiong H, Liu Y, Peng D, Liu Z. Investigations on the interface of nucleic acid aptamers and binding targets. Analyst 2019; 143:5317-5338. [PMID: 30357118 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA of 20-100 nucleotides in length that have attracted substantial scientific interest due to their ability to specifically bind to target molecules via the formation of three-dimensional structures. Compared to traditional protein antibodies, aptamers have several advantages, such as their small size, high binding affinity, specificity, flexible structure, being chemical synthesizable and modifiable, good biocompatibility, high stability and low immunogenicity, which all contribute to their widely applications in the biomedical field. To date, much progress has been made in the study and applications of aptamers, however, detailed information on how aptamers bind to their targets is still scarce. Over the past few decades, many methods have been introduced to investigate the aptamer-target binding process, such as measuring the main kinetic or thermodynamic parameters, detecting the structural changes of the binding complexes, etc. Apart from traditional physicochemical methods, various types of molecular docking programs have been applied to simulate the aptamer-target interactions, while these simulations also have limitations. To facilitate the further research on the interactions, herein, we provide a brief review to illustrate the recent advances in the study of aptamer-target interactions. We summarize the binding targets of aptamers, such as small molecules, macromolecules, and even cells. Their binding constants (KD) are also summarized. Methods to probe the aptamer-target binding process, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), footprinting assay, truncation and mutation assay, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray crystallography and molecular docking simulation are indicated. The binding forces mediating the aptamer-target interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, the hydrophobic effect, π-π stacking and van der Waals forces are summarized. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
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Therapeutic Potential of Brazilian Cerrado Campomanesia Species on Metabolic Dysfunctions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092336. [PMID: 30216974 PMCID: PMC6225494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, in conjunction with other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is a feature of metabolic syndrome which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant foods are proposed to prevent and treat these disorders. Medicinal plants are one of the main strategies in this regard. Guavira, a Brazilian Cerrado plant, contains different bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant capacity and without clinical or reproductive toxicity effects. Though there are different varieties of guavira, the principal Brazilian Cerrado guaviras demonstrated hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic actions. There is also a potential antiplatelet agent in C. xanthocarpa, while C. adamantium displayed hypocholesterolemic actions in animal models and human clinical trials. On the other hand, even with a lack of studies related to C. pubescens, it demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and an antioxidant capacity in in vitro studies. Despite the fact that most of the studies were not performed to evaluate pathological conditions specific to obese animal models or obese subjects, guavira demonstrated effects in metabolic disorders that are commonly related to the obesity context, such as cardiovascular disturbances and hyperglycemia status. This suggests that guavira is a potential therapeutic approach to obesity-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Liu Y, Jiang X, Cao W, Sun J, Gao F. Detection of Thrombin Based on Fluorescence Energy Transfer between Semiconducting Polymer Dots and BHQ-Labelled Aptamers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E589. [PMID: 29443917 PMCID: PMC5855441 DOI: 10.3390/s18020589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyl-functionalized semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) were synthesized as an energy donor by the nanoprecipitation method. A black hole quenching dye (BHQ-labelled thrombin aptamers) was used as the energy acceptor, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the aptamers and Pdots was used for fluorescence quenching of the Pdots. The addition of thrombin restored the fluorescence intensity. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the fluorescence of the system was restored to the maximum when the concentration of thrombin reached 130 nM, with a linear range of 0-50 nM (R² = 0.990) and a detection limit of 0.33 nM. This sensor was less disturbed by impurities, showing good specificity and signal response to thrombin, with good application in actual samples. The detection of human serum showed good linearity in the range of 0-30 nM (R² = 0.997), with a detection limit of 0.56 nM and a recovery rate of 96.2-104.1%, indicating that this fluorescence sensor can be used for the detection of thrombin content in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhang Liu
- Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, Vocational and Technical College, Chuzhou 239001, China.
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Optical Probes and Bioelectrocatalysis (LOPAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Xuekai Jiang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Optical Probes and Bioelectrocatalysis (LOPAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Optical Probes and Bioelectrocatalysis (LOPAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Junyong Sun
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Optical Probes and Bioelectrocatalysis (LOPAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Optical Probes and Bioelectrocatalysis (LOPAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
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Near-infrared photoluminescence biosensing platform with gold nanorods-over-gallium arsenide nanohorn array. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 97:278-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Russo Krauss I, Napolitano V, Petraccone L, Troisi R, Spiridonova V, Mattia CA, Sica F. Duplex/quadruplex oligonucleotides: Role of the duplex domain in the stabilization of a new generation of highly effective anti-thrombin aptamers. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1697-1705. [PMID: 29024684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, mixed duplex/quadruplex oligonucleotides have attracted great interest for use as biomedical aptamers. In the case of anti-thrombin aptamers, the addition of duplex-forming sequences to a G-quadruplex module identical or very similar to the best-known G-quadruplex of the Thrombin Binding Aptamer (HD1) results in new or improved biological properties, such as higher activity or different recognition properties with respect to HD1. Remarkably, this bimodular fold was hypothesized, based on its sequence, for the only anti-thrombin aptamer in advanced clinical trial, NU172. Whereas cation modulation of G-quadruplex conformation and stability is well characterized, only few data from similar analysis on duplex/quadruplex oligonucleotides exist. Here we have performed a characterization of structure and stability of four different duplex/quadruplex anti-thrombin aptamers, including NU172, in the presence of different cations and in physiological-mimicking conditions in comparison to HD1, by means of spectroscopic techniques (UV and circular dichroism) and differential scanning calorimetry. Our data show a strong reciprocal influence of each domain on the stability of the other and in particular suggest a stabilizing effect of the duplex region in the presence of solutions mimicking the physiological conditions, strengthening the idea that bimodular aptamers present better therapeutic potentialities than those containing a single G-quadruplex domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy; CSGI - Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Valeria Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Petraccone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Romualdo Troisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Vera Spiridonova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Carlo Andrea Mattia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, I-84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Filomena Sica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
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Wang J, Gu Y, Liu L, Wang C, Wang J, Ding S, Li J, Qiu L, Jiang P. Novel application of fluorescence coupled capillary electrophoresis to resolve the interaction between the G-quadruplex aptamer and thrombin. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3161-3167. [PMID: 28594110 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic binding status between the thrombin and its G-quadruplex aptamers and the stability of its interaction partners were probed using our previously established fluorescence-coupled capillary electrophoresis method. A 29-nucleic acid thrombin binding aptamer was chosen as a model to study its binding affinity with the thrombin ligand. First, the effects of the cations on the formation of G-quadruplex from unstructured 29-nucleic acid thrombin binding aptamer were examined. Second, the rapid binding kinetics between the thrombin and 6-carboxyfluorescein labeled G-quadruplex aptamer was measured. Third, the stability of G-quadruplex aptamer-thrombin complex was also examined in the presence of the interfering species. Remarkably, it was found that the complementary strand of 29-nucleic acid thrombin binding aptamer could compete with G-quadruplex aptamer and thus disassociated the G-quadruplex structure into an unstructured aptamer. These data suggest that our in-house established fluorescence-coupled capillary electrophoresis assay could be applied to binding studies of the G-quadruplex aptamers, thrombin, and their ligands, while overcoming the complicated and costly approaches currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cheli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shumin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Stoll H, Steinle H, Wilhelm N, Hann L, Kunnakattu SJ, Narita M, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Rapid Complexation of Aptamers by Their Specific Antidotes. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060954. [PMID: 28594360 PMCID: PMC6152687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid ligands, aptamers, harbor the unique characteristics of small molecules and antibodies. The specificity and high affinity of aptamers enable their binding to different targets, such as small molecules, proteins, or cells. Chemical modifications of aptamers allow increased bioavailability. A further great benefit of aptamers is the antidote (AD)-mediated controllability of their effect. In this study, the AD-mediated complexation and neutralization of the thrombin binding aptamer NU172 and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) binding R10-60 aptamer were determined. Thereby, the required time for the generation of aptamer/AD-complexes was analyzed at 37 °C in human serum using gel electrophoresis. Afterwards, the blocking of aptamers’ effects was analyzed by determining the activated clotting time (ACT) in the case of the NU172 aptamer, or the expression of immune activation related genes IFN-1β, IL-6, CXCL-10, and IL-1β in the case of the R10-60 aptamer. Gel electrophoresis analyses demonstrated the rapid complexation of the NU172 and R10-60 aptamers by complementary AD binding after just 2 min of incubation in human serum. A rapid neutralization of anticoagulant activity of NU172 was also demonstrated in fresh human whole blood 5 min after addition of AD. Furthermore, the TLR9-mediated activation of PMDC05 cells was interrupted after the addition of the R10-60 AD. Using these two different aptamers, the rapid antagonizability of the aptamers was demonstrated in different environments; whole blood containing numerous proteins, cells, and different small molecules, serum, or cell culture media. Thus, nucleic acid ADs are promising molecules, which offer several possibilities for different in vivo applications, such as antagonizing aptamer-based drugs, immobilization, or delivery of oligonucleotides to defined locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Stoll
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Heidrun Steinle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Nadja Wilhelm
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ludmilla Hann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Silju-John Kunnakattu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8518, Japan.
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Hans P Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Platella C, Riccardi C, Montesarchio D, Roviello GN, Musumeci D. G-quadruplex-based aptamers against protein targets in therapy and diagnostics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1429-1447. [PMID: 27865995 PMCID: PMC7117017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules identified to recognize with high affinity specific targets including proteins, small molecules, ions, whole cells and even entire organisms, such as viruses or bacteria. They can be identified from combinatorial libraries of DNA or RNA oligonucleotides by SELEX technology, an in vitro iterative selection procedure consisting of binding (capture), partitioning and amplification steps. Remarkably, many of the aptamers selected against biologically relevant protein targets are G-rich sequences that can fold into stable G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Aiming at disseminating novel inspiring ideas within the scientific community in the field of G4-structures, the emphasis of this review is placed on: 1) recent advancements in SELEX technology for the efficient and rapid identification of new candidate aptamers (introduction of microfluidic systems and next generation sequencing); 2) recurrence of G4 structures in aptamers selected by SELEX against biologically relevant protein targets; 3) discovery of several G4-forming motifs in important regulatory regions of the human or viral genome bound by endogenous proteins, which per se can result into potential aptamers; 4) an updated overview of G4-based aptamers with therapeutic potential and 5) a discussion on the most attractive G4-based aptamers for diagnostic applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
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Shuai HL, Wu X, Huang KJ. Molybdenum disulfide sphere-based electrochemical aptasensors for protein detection. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5362-5372. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01276d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the development of an ultrasensitive sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor for protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Shuai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan
| | - Xu Wu
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
| | - Ke-Jing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan
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Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of active thrombin based on the Vmh2 hydrophobin fused to a Green Fluorescent Protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:816-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang FT, Cai LY, Zhou YL, Zhang XX. Immobilization-free DNA-based homogeneous electrochemical biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Pica A, Russo Krauss I, Parente V, Tateishi-Karimata H, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Sugimoto N, Sica F. Through-bond effects in the ternary complexes of thrombin sandwiched by two DNA aptamers. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:461-469. [PMID: 27899589 PMCID: PMC5224481 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers directed against human thrombin can selectively bind to two different exosites on the protein surface. The simultaneous use of two DNA aptamers, HD1 and HD22, directed to exosite I and exosite II respectively, is a very powerful approach to exploit their combined affinity. Indeed, strategies to link HD1 and HD22 together have been proposed in order to create a single bivalent molecule with an enhanced ability to control thrombin activity. In this work, the crystal structures of two ternary complexes, in which thrombin is sandwiched between two DNA aptamers, are presented and discussed. The structures shed light on the cross talk between the two exosites. The through-bond effects are particularly evident at exosite II, with net consequences on the HD22 structure. Moreover, thermodynamic data on the binding of the two aptamers are also reported and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Parente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Hisae Tateishi-Karimata
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113- 8656, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113- 8656, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan .,Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Filomena Sica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy .,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
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Cao J, Xu JJ, Liu XG, Wang SL, Peng LQ. Screening of thrombin inhibitors from phenolic acids using enzyme-immobilized magnetic beads through direct covalent binding by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1468:86-94. [PMID: 27646060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin was immobilized on dynabeads®M-270 epoxy by direct covalent binding method for the first time. The enzyme coated magnetic beads were combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry technique to establish a simple, rapid and reliable approach for screening thrombin inhibitors from Danshen preparation. The conjugation of thrombin to the magnetic beads was characterized using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and infrared spectroscopy, and the enzyme activity was determined by the analysis of enzyme-bead ratio and peak areas of target compounds. Several factors including amount of magnetic beads, type of elution solvent, incubation temperature and time were optimized. Additionally, two thrombin-bound compounds (protocatechuic aldehyde and salvianolic acid C) in Danshen injection were validated by conventional inhibitory assay and the IC50 values were 286.11 and 66.09μg/mL, respectively. Our findings suggested that the proposed method was efficient in screening active compounds from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xun-Gao Liu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Shu-Ling Wang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Li-Qing Peng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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Kim S, Wark AW, Lee HJ. Femtomolar Detection of Tau Proteins in Undiluted Plasma Using Surface Plasmon Resonance. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7793-9. [PMID: 27399254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to directly detect Tau protein and other neurodegenerative biomarkers in human plasma at clinically relevant concentrations continues to be a significant hurdle for the establishment of diagnostic tests for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this article, we introduce a new DNA aptamer/antibody sandwich assay pairing and apply it for the detection of human Tau 381 in undiluted plasma at concentrations as low as 10 fM. This was achieved on a multichannel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform with the challenge of working in plasma overcome through the development of a tailored mixed monolayer surface chemistry. In addition, a robust methodology was developed involving various same chip control measurements on reference channels to which the detection signal was normalized. Comparative measurements in plasma between SPR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements were also performed to highlight both the 1000-fold performance enhancement of SPR and the ability to measure both spiked and native concentrations that are not achievable with ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University , 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Alastair W Wark
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde , 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University , 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city, 41566, Republic of Korea
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