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Yang F, Jiang M, Lin ZH, Xie ZL, Ma ZN, Yang L, Liu H, Wang ZY, Zhou L. [Effects of the ITGA2B Nonsense Mutation (c.2659C > T, p.Q887X) on Platelet Function in a Mouse Model of Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia Generated with CRISPR/Cas9 Technology]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2022; 30:559-564. [PMID: 35395997 DOI: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2022.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a mouse model of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) with ITGA2B c.2659 C>T (p.Q887X) nonsense mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and then further explore the expression and function of glycoprotein αIIbβ3 on the surface of platelet membrane. METHODS The donor oligonucleotide and gRNA vector were designed and synthesized according to the ITGA2B gene sequence. The gRNA and Cas9 mRNA were injected into fertilized eggs with donor oligonucleotide and then sent back to the oviduct of surrogate mouse. Positive F0 mice were confirmed by PCR genotyping and sequence analysis after birth. The F1 generation of heterozygous GT mice were obtained by PCR and sequencing from F0 bred with WT mice, and then homozygous GT mice and WT mice were obtained by mating with each other. The phenotype of the model was then further verified by detecting tail hemorrhage time, saphenous vein bleeding time, platelet aggregation, expression and function of αIIbβ3 on the surface of platelet. RESULTS The bleeding time of GT mice was significantly longer than that of WT mice (P<0.01). Induced by collagen, thrombin, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelet aggregation in GT mice was significantly inhibited (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the expression of αIIbβ3 on the platelet surface of GT mice decreased significantly compared with WT mice (P<0.01), and binding amounts of activated platelets to fibrinogen were significantly reduced after thrombin stimulation (P<0.01). The spreading area of platelet on fibrinogen in GT mice was significantly smaller than that in WT mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A GT mouse model with ITGA2B c.2659 C>T (p.Q887X) nonsense mutation has been established successfully by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The aggregation function of platelet in this model is defective, which is consistent with GT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China;Key Laboratory of Thrombosis & Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis & Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zeng-Hua Lin
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhan-Li Xie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou 215001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Ma
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis & Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhao-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis & Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China,E-mail:
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China,E-mail:
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Han JP, Kim M, Choi BS, Lee JH, Lee GS, Jeong M, Lee Y, Kim EA, Oh HK, Go N, Lee H, Lee KJ, Kim UG, Lee JY, Kim S, Chang J, Lee H, Song DW, Yeom SC. In vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 using lipid nanoparticles enables antithrombin gene editing for sustainable hemophilia A and B therapy. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabj6901. [PMID: 35061543 PMCID: PMC8782450 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hemophilia is a hereditary disease that remains incurable. Although innovative treatments such as gene therapy or bispecific antibody therapy have been introduced, substantial unmet needs still exist with respect to achieving long-lasting therapeutic effects and treatment options for inhibitor patients. Antithrombin (AT), an endogenous negative regulator of thrombin generation, is a potent genome editing target for sustainable treatment of patients with hemophilia A and B. In this study, we developed and optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver Cas9 mRNA along with single guide RNA that targeted AT in the mouse liver. The LNP-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery resulted in the inhibition of AT that led to improvement in thrombin generation. Bleeding-associated phenotypes were recovered in both hemophilia A and B mice. No active off-targets, liver-induced toxicity, and substantial anti-Cas9 immune responses were detected, indicating that the LNP-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery was a safe and efficient approach for hemophilia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Pil Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea
| | - MinJeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Geon Seong Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Michaela Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | - Nanyeong Go
- Toolgen Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08501, Korea
| | - Hyerim Lee
- Toolgen Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08501, Korea
| | - Kyu Jun Lee
- Toolgen Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08501, Korea
| | - Un Gi Kim
- Toolgen Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08501, Korea
| | | | | | - Jun Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Gwanank-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Matsubara H, Imai T, Tsuji S, Oka N, Egashira Y, Enomoto Y, Nakayama N, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Iwama T, Hara H. Nafamostat protects against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:65-72. [PMID: 34924132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nafamostat, a serin protease inhibitor, in the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in male mice. Nafamostat was administered intraperitoneally four times immediately after SAH induction. Cerebral blood flow, neurological behavior tests, SAH grade and protein expression were evaluated at 24 h after SAH induction. In the in vitro model, human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs), HBVECs were exposed to thrombin and hypoxia for 24 h; nafamostat was administered and the protein expression was evaluated. Eighty-eight mice were included in the in vivo study. Fifteen mice (17%) were excluded because of death or procedure failure. Nafamostat exerted no significant effect on the SAH grade or cerebral blood flow; however, it improved the neurological behavior and suppressed the thrombin and MMP-9 expression. In addition, nafamostat suppressed the ICAM-1 expression and p38 phosphorylation in the in vitro study. Nafamostat has a protective effect against HBMVEC after exposure to thrombin and hypoxia, suggesting its role in improving the neurological outcomes after SAH. These findings indicate that nafamostat has the potential to be a novel therapeutic drug in the management of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Matsubara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shohei Tsuji
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Natsumi Oka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Egashira
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakayama
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Friebel J, Moritz E, Witkowski M, Jakobs K, Strässler E, Dörner A, Steffens D, Puccini M, Lammel S, Glauben R, Nowak F, Kränkel N, Haghikia A, Moos V, Schutheiss HP, Felix SB, Landmesser U, Rauch BH, Rauch U. Pleiotropic Effects of the Protease-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) Inhibitor, Vorapaxar, on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123517. [PMID: 34944024 PMCID: PMC8700178 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory mediators contributing to atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. Vorapaxar, which selectively antagonizes PAR1-signaling, is an approved, add-on antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention. The non-hemostatic, platelet-independent, pleiotropic effects of vorapaxar have not yet been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Cellular targets of PAR1 signaling in the vasculature were identified in three patient cohorts with atherosclerotic disease. Evaluation of plasma biomarkers (n = 190) and gene expression in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) (n = 12) revealed that PAR1 expression correlated with endothelial activation and vascular inflammation. PAR1 colocalized with TLR2/4 in human carotid plaques and was associated with TLR2/4 gene transcription in EMBs. In addition, vorapaxar reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in apolipoprotein E-knock out (ApoEko) mice. This reduction was associated with reduced expression of vascular adhesion molecules and TLR2/4 presence, both in isolated murine endothelial cells and the aorta. Thrombin-induced uptake of oxLDL was augmented by additional TLR2/4 stimulation and abrogated by vorapaxar. Plaque-infiltrating pro-inflammatory cells were reduced in vorapaxar-treated ApoEko mice. A shift toward M2 macrophages paralleled a decreased transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSIONS PAR1 inhibition with vorapaxar may be effective in reducing residual thrombo-inflammatory event risk in patients with atherosclerosis independent of its effect on platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Friebel
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eileen Moritz
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (E.M.); (B.H.R.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Marco Witkowski
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kai Jakobs
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Elisabeth Strässler
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Dörner
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Steffens
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Marianna Puccini
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Stella Lammel
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.G.); (F.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Franziska Nowak
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.G.); (F.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Nicolle Kränkel
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.G.); (F.N.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Stephan B. Felix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Rauch
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (E.M.); (B.H.R.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Human Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauch
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-513794
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Cao X, Song Q, Sun Y, Mao Y, Lu W, Li L. A SERS-LFA biosensor combined with aptamer recognition for simultaneous detection of thrombin and PDGF-BB in prostate cancer plasma. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:445101. [PMID: 34298537 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An innovative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and lateral flow assay (SERS-LFA) biosensor combined with aptamer recognition had been developed for the convenient, rapid, sensitive and accurate detection of thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) associated with prostate cancer simultaneously. During the biosensor operation, thrombin and PDGF-BB in the sample were recognized and combined by thiol-modified aptamers immobilized on Au-Ag hollow nanoparticles (Au-Ag HNPs) surface and biotinylated aptamers immobilized on the test lines of the biosensor. Thus, thrombin and PDGF-BB were simultaneously captured between detection aptamers and capture aptamers in a sandwich structure. Finite difference time domain simulation confirmed that 'hot spots' appeared at the gaps of Au-Ag HNPs dimer in the enhanced electromagnetic field compared to that of a single Au-Ag HNP, indicating that the aggregated Au-Ag HNPs owned a good SERS signal amplification effect. The detection limits of thrombin and PDGF-BB in human plasma were as low as 4.837 pg ml-1and 3.802 pg ml-1, respectively. Moreover, the accuracy of the biosensor which was applied to detect thrombin and PDGF-BB in prostate cancer plasma had been verified. This designed biosensor had broad application prospects in the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Noncoding RNA Research, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Noncoding RNA Research, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Noncoding RNA Research, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Noncoding RNA Research, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Lu
- Shanxi Normal University, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Linfen, 041004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Takahashi K, Banda NK, Holers VM, Van Cott EM. Complement component factor B has thrombin-like activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:17-22. [PMID: 33740660 PMCID: PMC8035301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases are fundamental components of biology, including innate immunity, which is systematically orchestrated in an orderly, balanced fashion in the healthy host. Such serine proteases are found in two well-recognized pathways of an innate immune network, coagulation and complement. Both pathways, if uncontrolled due to a variety of causes, are pathogenic in numerous diseases, including coagulation disorders and infectious diseases. Previous studies have reported sequence homologies, functional similarities and interplay between these two pathways with some implications in health and disease. The current study newly reveals that complement component factor B (Bf), the second component of the alternative complement pathway, has thrombin-like activity, which is supported by a characteristic homology of the trypsin-like domain of Bf to that of thrombin. Moreover, we newly report that the trypsin-like domain of Bf is closely related to Limulus clotting factor C, the LPS sensitive clotting factor of the innate immune system. We will also discuss potential implications of our findings in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States.
| | - Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Van Cott
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
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Lotto NP, de Albuquerque Modesto JC, Sant’Anna SS, Grego KF, Guarnieri MC, Lira-da-Silva RM, Santoro ML, Oguiura N. The absence of thrombin-like activity in Bothrops erythromelas venom is due to the deletion of the snake venom thrombin-like enzyme gene. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248901. [PMID: 33905416 PMCID: PMC8078745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLEs) are serine proteinases that clot fibrinogen. SVTLEs are distributed mainly in venoms from snakes of the Viperidae family, comprising venomous pit viper snakes. Bothrops snakes are distributed throughout Central and South American and are responsible for most venomous snakebites. Most Bothrops snakes display thrombin-like activity in their venoms, but it has been shown that some species do not present it. In this work, to understand SVTLE polymorphism in Bothrops snake venoms, we studied individual samples from two species of medical importance in Brazil: Bothrops jararaca, distributed in Southeastern Brazil, which displays coagulant activity on plasma and fibrinogen, and Bothrops erythromelas, found in Northeastern Brazil, which lacks direct fibrinogen coagulant activity but shows plasma coagulant activity. We tested the coagulant activity of venoms and the presence of SVTLE genes by a PCR approach. The SVTLE gene structure in B. jararaca is similar to the Bothrops atrox snake, comprising five exons. We could not amplify SVTLE sequences from B. erythromelas DNA, except for a partial pseudogene. These genes underwent a positive selection in some sites, leading to an amino acid sequence diversification, mostly in exon 2. The phylogenetic tree constructed using SVTLE coding sequences confirms that they are related to the chymotrypsin/kallikrein family. Interestingly, we found a B. jararaca specimen whose venom lacked thrombin-like activity, and its gene sequence was a pseudogene with SVTLE structure, presenting nonsense and frameshift mutations. Our results indicate an association of the lack of thrombin-like activity in B. jararaca and B. erythromelas venoms with mutations and deletions of snake venom thrombin-like enzyme genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Lotto
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sávio S. Sant’Anna
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathleen F. Grego
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam C. Guarnieri
- Zoology Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo L. Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nancy Oguiura
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Watanabe Y, Oguri R, Suzuki R, Meng Q, Ishikawa Y, Tatsukawa H, Hashimoto H, Hitomi K. Thrombin-deficient mutant of medaka, a model fish, displays serious retardation in blood coagulation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:824-833. [PMID: 33589932 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
At the last stage of the blood coagulation cascade, thrombin plays a central role in the processing of fibrinogen for the polymerization and in the additional activation of Factor XIII for the stable cross-linking of fibrin. In addition, thrombin carries out possible multiple roles via processing or interaction with various functional proteins. Several studies conducted in order to elucidate additional physiological significance are ongoing. To clarify further significance of thrombin and to establish an associated disease model, we characterized the orthologue gene for medaka (Oryzias latipes), a research model fish. Tissue distribution of medaka prothrombin has been immunotechnically analyzed. Furthermore, thrombin-deficient medaka mutants were viably established by utilizing a genome-editing method. The established gene-deficient mutants exhibited retarded blood coagulation even in the heterozygous fish. Taking advantage of their ease of handling, this specific model is useful for further investigation in medical research areas on human coagulation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rina Oguri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Risa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Qi Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Tatsukawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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9
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Shavit-Stein E, Mindel E, Gofrit SG, Chapman J, Maggio N. Ischemic stroke in PAR1 KO mice: Decreased brain plasmin and thrombin activity along with decreased infarct volume. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248431. [PMID: 33720950 PMCID: PMC7959388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a common and debilitating disease with limited treatment options. Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a fundamental cell signaling mediator in the central nervous system (CNS). It can be activated by many proteases including thrombin and plasmin, with various down-stream effects, following brain ischemia. Methods A permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAo) model was used in PAR1 KO and WT C57BL/6J male mice. Mice were evaluated for neurological deficits (neurological severity score, NSS), infarct volume (Tetrazolium Chloride, TTC), and for plasmin and thrombin activity in brain slices. Results Significantly low levels of plasmin and thrombin activities were found in PAR1 KO compared to WT (1.6±0.4 vs. 3.2±0.6 ng/μl, p<0.05 and 17.2±1.0 vs. 21.2±1.0 mu/ml, p<0.01, respectively) along with a decreased infarct volume (178.9±14.3, 134.4±13.3 mm3, p<0.05). Conclusions PAR1 KO mice have smaller infarcts, with lower thrombin and plasmin activity levels. These findings may suggest that modulation of PAR1 is a potential target for future pharmacological treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Ekaterina Mindel
- Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shany Guly Gofrit
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Eleftheriou P, Amanatidou D, Petrou A, Geronikaki A. In Silico Evaluation of the Effectivity of Approved Protease Inhibitors against the Main Protease of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112529. [PMID: 32485894 PMCID: PMC7321236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease, COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which first emerged in Wuhan, China and was made known to the World in December 2019 turned into a pandemic causing more than 126,124 deaths worldwide up to April 16th, 2020. It has 79.5% sequence identity with SARS-CoV-1 and the same strategy for host cell invasion through the ACE-2 surface protein. Since the development of novel drugs is a long-lasting process, researchers look for effective substances among drugs already approved or developed for other purposes. The 3D structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was compared with the 3D structures of seven proteases, which are drug targets, and docking analysis to the SARS-CoV-2 protease structure of thirty four approved and on-trial protease inhibitors was performed. Increased 3D structural similarity between the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, the HCV protease and α-thrombin was found. According to docking analysis the most promising results were found for HCV protease, DPP-4, α-thrombin and coagulation Factor Xa known inhibitors, with several of them exhibiting estimated free binding energy lower than −8.00 kcal/mol and better prediction results than reference compounds. Since some of the compounds are well-tolerated drugs, the promising in silico results may warrant further evaluation for viral anticipation. DPP-4 inhibitors with anti-viral action may be more useful for infected patients with diabetes, while anti-coagulant treatment is proposed in severe SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Eleftheriou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (P.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Dionysia Amanatidou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (P.E.); (A.G.)
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11
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Wu TB, Orfeo T, Moore HB, Sumislawski JJ, Cohen MJ, Petzold LR. Computational model of tranexamic acid on urokinase mediated fibrinolysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233640. [PMID: 32453766 PMCID: PMC7250412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the coagulation process is critical to developing treatments for trauma and coagulopathies. Clinical studies on tranexamic acid (TXA) have resulted in mixed reports on its efficacy in improving outcomes in trauma patients. The largest study, CRASH-2, reported that TXA improved outcomes in patients who received treatment prior to 3 hours after the injury, but worsened outcomes in patients who received treatment after 3 hours. No consensus has been reached about the mechanism behind the duality of these results. In this paper we use a computational model for coagulation and fibrinolysis to propose that deficiencies or depletions of key anti-fibrinolytic proteins, specifically antiplasmin, a1-antitrypsin and a2-macroglobulin, can lead to worsened outcomes through urokinase-mediated hyperfibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Bo Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Orfeo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Hunter B. Moore
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Sumislawski
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mitchell J. Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Linda R. Petzold
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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12
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Gutiérrez-Herrero S, Fernández-Infante C, Hernández-Cano L, Ortiz-Rivero S, Guijas C, Martín-Granado V, González-Porras JR, Balsinde J, Porras A, Guerrero C. C3G contributes to platelet activation and aggregation by regulating major signaling pathways. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:29. [PMID: 32296045 PMCID: PMC7109025 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
C3G is a GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) for Rap GTPases, among which the isoform Rap1b is an essential protein in platelet biology. Using transgenic mouse models with platelet-specific overexpression of C3G or mutant C3GΔCat, we have unveiled a new function of C3G in regulating the hemostatic function of platelets through its participation in the thrombin-PKC-Rap1b pathway. C3G also plays important roles in angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis through its regulation of the platelet secretome. In addition, C3G contributes to megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Here, we used a platelet-specific C3G-KO mouse model to further support the role of C3G in hemostasis. C3G-KO platelets showed a significant delay in platelet activation and aggregation as a consequence of the defective activation of Rap1, which resulted in decreased thrombus formation in vivo. Additionally, we explored the contribution of C3G-Rap1b to platelet signaling pathways triggered by thrombin, PMA or ADP, in the referenced transgenic mouse model, through the use of a battery of specific inhibitors. We found that platelet C3G is phosphorylated at Tyr504 by a mechanism involving PKC-Src. This phosphorylation was shown to be positively regulated by ERKs through their inhibition of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2. Moreover, C3G participates in the ADP-P2Y12-PI3K-Rap1b pathway and is a mediator of thrombin-TXA2 activities. However, it inhibits the synthesis of TXA2 through cPLA2 regulation. Taken together, our data reveal the critical role of C3G in the main pathways leading to platelet activation and aggregation through the regulation of Rap1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gutiérrez-Herrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Infante
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Hernández-Cano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Ortiz-Rivero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Guijas
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Martín-Granado
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Porras
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Complutense University of Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
- Departamento de Medicina, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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13
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Al-Horani RA, Clemons D, Mottamal M. The In Vitro Effects of Pentamidine Isethionate on Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. Molecules 2019; 24:E2146. [PMID: 31174390 PMCID: PMC6600542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentamidine is bis-oxybenzamidine-based antiprotozoal drug. The parenteral use of pentamidine appears to affect the processes of blood coagulation and/or fibrinolysis resulting in rare but potentially life-threatening blood clot formation. Pentamidine was also found to cause disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. To investigate the potential underlying molecular mechanism(s) of pentamidine's effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis, we studied its effects on clotting times in normal and deficient human plasmas. Using normal plasma, pentamidine isethionate doubled the activated partial thromboplastin time at 27.5 µM, doubled the prothrombin time at 45.7 µM, and weakly doubled the thrombin time at 158.17 µM. Using plasmas deficient of factors VIIa, IXa, XIa, or XIIa, the concentrations to double the activated partial thromboplastin time were similar to that obtained using normal plasma. Pentamidine also inhibited plasmin-mediated clot lysis with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of ~3.6 μM. Chromogenic substrate hydrolysis assays indicated that pentamidine inhibits factor Xa and plasmin with IC50 values of 10.4 µM and 8.4 µM, respectively. Interestingly, it did not significantly inhibit thrombin, factor XIa, factor XIIIa, neutrophil elastase, or chymotrypsin at the highest concentrations tested. Michaelis-Menten kinetics and molecular modeling studies revealed that pentamidine inhibits factor Xa and plasmin in a competitive fashion. Overall, this study provides quantitative mechanistic insights into the in vitro effects of pentamidine isethionate on coagulation and fibrinolysis via the disruption of the proteolytic activity of factor Xa and plasmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Daytriona Clemons
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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14
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Krissanaprasit A, Key C, Fergione M, Froehlich K, Pontula S, Hart M, Carriel P, Kjems J, Andersen ES, LaBean TH. Genetically Encoded, Functional Single-Strand RNA Origami: Anticoagulant. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1808262. [PMID: 30972819 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers selected for thrombin binding have been previously shown to possess anticoagulant activity; however, problems with rapid renal clearance and short circulation half-life have prevented translation to clinical usefulness. Here, a family of self-folding, functional RNA origami molecules bearing multiple thrombin-binding RNA aptamers and showing significantly improved anticoagulant activity is described. These constructs may overcome earlier problems preventing clinical use of nucleic acid anticoagulants. RNA origami structures are designed in silico and produced by in vitro transcription from DNA templates. Incorporation of 2'-fluoro-modified C- and U-nucleotides is shown to increase nuclease resistance and stability during long-term storage. Specific binding to human thrombin as well as high stability in the presence of RNase A and in human plasma, comparatively more stable than DNA is demonstrated. The RNA origami constructs show anticoagulant activity sevenfold greater than free aptamer and higher than previous DNA weave tiles decorated with DNA aptamers. Anticoagulation activity is maintained after at least 3 months of storage in buffer at 4 °C. Additionally, inhibition of thrombin is shown to be reversed by addition of single-stranded DNA antidotes. This project paves the way for development of RNA origami for potential therapeutic applications especially as a safer surgical anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhichart Krissanaprasit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Carson Key
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Michael Fergione
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kristen Froehlich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sahil Pontula
- William G. Enloe High School, Raleigh, NC, 27610, USA
| | - Matthew Hart
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Pedro Carriel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Sloth Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas H LaBean
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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15
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Deller RC, Richardson T, Richardson R, Bevan L, Zampetakis I, Scarpa F, Perriman AW. Artificial cell membrane binding thrombin constructs drive in situ fibrin hydrogel formation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1887. [PMID: 31015421 PMCID: PMC6478844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane re-engineering is emerging as a powerful tool for the development of next generation cell therapies, as it allows the user to augment therapeutic cells to provide additional functionalities, such as homing, adhesion or hypoxia resistance. To date, however, there are few examples where the plasma membrane is re-engineered to display active enzymes that promote extracellular matrix protein assembly. Here, we report on a self-contained matrix-forming system where the membrane of human mesenchymal stem cells is modified to display a novel thrombin construct, giving rise to spontaneous fibrin hydrogel nucleation and growth at near human plasma concentrations of fibrinogen. The cell membrane modification process is realised through the synthesis of a membrane-binding supercationic thrombin-polymer surfactant complex. Significantly, the resulting robust cellular fibrin hydrogel constructs can be differentiated down osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, giving rise to self-supporting monoliths that exhibit Young's moduli that reflect their respective extracellular matrix compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Deller
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK
| | - Thomas Richardson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Rebecca Richardson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Laura Bevan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ioannis Zampetakis
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Fabrizio Scarpa
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Adam W Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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16
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Gould TW, Dominguez B, de Winter F, Yeo GW, Liu P, Sundararaman B, Stark T, Vu A, Degen JL, Lin W, Lee KF. Glial cells maintain synapses by inhibiting an activity-dependent retrograde protease signal. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007948. [PMID: 30870413 PMCID: PMC6417855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells regulate multiple aspects of synaptogenesis. In the absence of Schwann cells, a peripheral glial cell, motor neurons initially innervate muscle but then degenerate. Here, using a genetic approach, we show that neural activity-regulated negative factors produced by muscle drive neurodegeneration in Schwann cell-deficient mice. We find that thrombin, the hepatic serine protease central to the hemostatic coagulation cascade, is one such negative factor. Trancriptomic analysis shows that expression of the antithrombins serpin C1 and D1 is significantly reduced in Schwann cell-deficient mice. In the absence of peripheral neuromuscular activity, neurodegeneration is completely blocked, and expression of prothrombin in muscle is markedly reduced. In the absence of muscle-derived prothrombin, neurodegeneration is also markedly reduced. Together, these results suggest that Schwann cells regulate NMJs by opposing the effects of activity-regulated, muscle-derived negative factors and provide the first genetic evidence that thrombin plays a central role outside of the coagulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Gould
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Bertha Dominguez
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Fred de Winter
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Patrick Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Balaji Sundararaman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Thomas Stark
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Anthony Vu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Jay L. Degen
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Weichun Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Kuo-Fen Lee
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Xiao J, Melvin RL, Salsbury FR. Probing light chain mutation effects on thrombin via molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:982-999. [PMID: 29471734 PMCID: PMC6207482 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1445032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin is a key component for chemotherapeutic and antithrombotic therapy development. As the physiologic and pathologic roles of the light chain still remain vague, here, we continue previous efforts to understand the impacts of the disease-associated single deletion of LYS9 in the light chain. By combining supervised and unsupervised machine learning methodologies and more traditional structural analyses on data from 10 μs molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the conformational ensemble of the ΔK9 mutant is significantly perturbed. Our analyses consistently indicate that LYS9 deletion destabilizes both the catalytic cleft and regulatory functional regions and result in some conformational changes that occur in tens to hundreds of nanosecond scaled motions. We also reveal that the two forms of thrombin each prefer a distinct binding mode of a Na+ ion. We expand our understanding of previous experimental observations and shed light on the mechanisms of the LYS9 deletion associated bleeding disorder by providing consistent but more quantitative and detailed structural analyses than early studies in literature. With a novel application of supervised learning, i.e. the decision tree learning on the hydrogen bonding features in the wild-type and ΔK9 mutant forms of thrombin, we predict that seven pairs of critical hydrogen bonding interactions are significant for establishing distinct behaviors of wild-type thrombin and its ΔK9 mutant form. Our calculations indicate the LYS9 in the light chain has both localized and long-range allosteric effects on thrombin, supporting the opinion that light chain has an important role as an allosteric effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Xiao
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, USA
| | - Ryan L. Melvin
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem,USA
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18
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Prince R, Bologna L, Manetti M, Melchiorre D, Rosa I, Dewarrat N, Suardi S, Amini P, Fernández JA, Burnier L, Quarroz C, Reina Caro MD, Matsumura Y, Kremer Hovinga JA, Griffin JH, Simon HU, Ibba-Manneschi L, Saller F, Calzavarini S, Angelillo-Scherrer A. Targeting anticoagulant protein S to improve hemostasis in hemophilia. Blood 2018; 131:1360-1371. [PMID: 29317453 PMCID: PMC5865230 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-800326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved treatments are needed for hemophilia A and B, bleeding disorders affecting 400 000 people worldwide. We investigated whether targeting protein S could promote hemostasis in hemophilia by rebalancing coagulation. Protein S (PS) is an anticoagulant acting as cofactor for activated protein C and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). This dual role makes PS a key regulator of thrombin generation. Here, we report that targeting PS rebalances coagulation in hemophilia. PS gene targeting in hemophilic mice protected them against bleeding, especially when intra-articular. Mechanistically, these mice displayed increased thrombin generation, resistance to activated protein C and TFPI, and improved fibrin network. Blocking PS in plasma of hemophilia patients normalized in vitro thrombin generation. Both PS and TFPIα were detected in hemophilic mice joints. PS and TFPI expression was stronger in the joints of hemophilia A patients than in those of hemophilia B patients when receiving on-demand therapy, for example, during a bleeding episode. In contrast, PS and TFPI expression was decreased in hemophilia A patients receiving prophylaxis with coagulation factor concentrates, comparable to osteoarthritis patients. These results establish PS inhibition as both controller of coagulation and potential therapeutic target in hemophilia. The murine PS silencing RNA approach that we successfully used in hemophilic mice might constitute a new therapeutic concept for hemophilic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Prince
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bologna
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, and
| | - Daniela Melchiorre
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, and
| | - Natacha Dewarrat
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Suardi
- Vetsuisse, Institute of Animal Pathology, Comparative Pathology Platform, and
| | - Poorya Amini
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - José A Fernández
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Laurent Burnier
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Claudia Quarroz
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Desiré Reina Caro
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Research Centre for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; and
| | - Johanna A Kremer Hovinga
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John H Griffin
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, and
| | - François Saller
- INSERM UMR-S 1176, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sara Calzavarini
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Angelillo-Scherrer
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Torquato RJS, Lu S, Martins NH, Tanaka AS, Pereira PJB. High-resolution structure of a Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor from the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:469-475. [PMID: 28777090 PMCID: PMC5544004 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-feeding exoparasites are rich sources of protease inhibitors, and the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which is a vector of Dengue virus, Yellow fever virus, Chikungunya virus and Zika virus, is no exception. AaTI is a single-domain, noncanonical Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor from A. aegypti that recognizes both digestive trypsin-like serine proteinases and the central protease in blood clotting, thrombin, albeit with an affinity that is three orders of magnitude lower. Here, the 1.4 Å resolution crystal structure of AaTI is reported from extremely tightly packed crystals (∼22% solvent content), revealing the structural determinants for the observed inhibitory profile of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J. S. Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de Maio 100, 04044-020 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de Maio 100, 04044-020 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Nadia Helena Martins
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências – LNBio, Caixa Postal 6192, 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Aparecida S. Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de Maio 100, 04044-020 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- IBMC – Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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20
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Stoll H, Steinle H, Wilhelm N, Hann L, Kunnakattu SJ, Narita M, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Rapid Complexation of Aptamers by Their Specific Antidotes. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060954. [PMID: 28594360 PMCID: PMC6152687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid ligands, aptamers, harbor the unique characteristics of small molecules and antibodies. The specificity and high affinity of aptamers enable their binding to different targets, such as small molecules, proteins, or cells. Chemical modifications of aptamers allow increased bioavailability. A further great benefit of aptamers is the antidote (AD)-mediated controllability of their effect. In this study, the AD-mediated complexation and neutralization of the thrombin binding aptamer NU172 and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) binding R10-60 aptamer were determined. Thereby, the required time for the generation of aptamer/AD-complexes was analyzed at 37 °C in human serum using gel electrophoresis. Afterwards, the blocking of aptamers’ effects was analyzed by determining the activated clotting time (ACT) in the case of the NU172 aptamer, or the expression of immune activation related genes IFN-1β, IL-6, CXCL-10, and IL-1β in the case of the R10-60 aptamer. Gel electrophoresis analyses demonstrated the rapid complexation of the NU172 and R10-60 aptamers by complementary AD binding after just 2 min of incubation in human serum. A rapid neutralization of anticoagulant activity of NU172 was also demonstrated in fresh human whole blood 5 min after addition of AD. Furthermore, the TLR9-mediated activation of PMDC05 cells was interrupted after the addition of the R10-60 AD. Using these two different aptamers, the rapid antagonizability of the aptamers was demonstrated in different environments; whole blood containing numerous proteins, cells, and different small molecules, serum, or cell culture media. Thus, nucleic acid ADs are promising molecules, which offer several possibilities for different in vivo applications, such as antagonizing aptamer-based drugs, immobilization, or delivery of oligonucleotides to defined locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Stoll
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Heidrun Steinle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Nadja Wilhelm
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ludmilla Hann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Silju-John Kunnakattu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8518, Japan.
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Hans P Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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21
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Broad KD, Kawano G, Fierens I, Rocha-Ferreira E, Hristova M, Ezzati M, Rostami J, Alonso-Alconada D, Chaban B, Hassell J, Fleiss B, Gressens P, Sanders RD, Robertson NJ. Surgery increases cell death and induces changes in gene expression compared with anesthesia alone in the developing piglet brain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173413. [PMID: 28355229 PMCID: PMC5371291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a range of animal species, exposure of the brain to general anaesthesia without surgery during early infancy may adversely affect its neural and cognitive development. The mechanisms mediating this are complex but include an increase in brain cell death. In humans, attempts to link adverse cognitive development to infantile anaesthesia exposure have yielded ambiguous results. One caveat that may influence the interpretation of human studies is that infants are not exposed to general anaesthesia without surgery, raising the possibility that surgery itself, may contribute to adverse cognitive development. Using piglets, we investigated whether a minor surgical procedure increases cell death and disrupts neuro-developmental and cognitively salient gene transcription in the neonatal brain. We randomly assigned neonatal male piglets to a group who received 6h of 2% isoflurane anaesthesia or a group who received an identical anaesthesia plus 15 mins of surgery designed to replicate an inguinal hernia repair. Compared to anesthesia alone, surgery-induced significant increases in cell death in eight areas of the brain. Using RNAseq data derived from all 12 piglets per group we also identified significant changes in the expression of 181 gene transcripts induced by surgery in the cingulate cortex, pathway analysis of these changes suggests that surgery influences the thrombin, aldosterone, axonal guidance, B cell, ERK-5, eNOS and GABAA signalling pathways. This suggests a number of novel mechanisms by which surgery may influence neural and cognitive development independently or synergistically with the effects of anaesthesia.
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MESH Headings
- Aldosterone/genetics
- Aldosterone/metabolism
- Anesthesia, General/adverse effects
- Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Inhalation/adverse effects
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gyrus Cinguli/drug effects
- Gyrus Cinguli/metabolism
- Gyrus Cinguli/pathology
- Hernia, Inguinal/complications
- Hernia, Inguinal/surgery
- Herniorrhaphy/adverse effects
- Isoflurane/administration & dosage
- Isoflurane/adverse effects
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/metabolism
- Nerve Net/drug effects
- Nerve Net/metabolism
- Nerve Net/pathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Signal Transduction
- Swine
- Thrombin/genetics
- Thrombin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Broad
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Go Kawano
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Fierens
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mariya Hristova
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mojgan Ezzati
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamshid Rostami
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Badr Chaban
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Hassell
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College, St Thomas Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College, St Thomas Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Robert D. Sanders
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nicola J. Robertson
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Cabiati M, Svezia B, Matteucci M, Botta L, Pucci A, Rinaldi M, Caselli C, Lionetti V, Del Ry S. Myocardial Expression Analysis of Osteopontin and Its Splice Variants in Patients Affected by End-Stage Idiopathic or Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160110. [PMID: 27479215 PMCID: PMC4968805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoglycoprotein of cardiac extracellular matrix and it is still poorly defined whether its expression changes in failing heart of different origin. The full-length OPN-a and its isoforms (OPN-b, OPN-c) transcriptomic profile were evaluated in myocardium of patients with dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy (DCM n = 8; LVEF% = 17.5±3; ICM n = 8; LVEF% = 19.5±5.2) and in auricle of valvular patients (VLP n = 5; LVEF%≥50), by Real-time PCR analysis. OPN-a and thrombin mRNA levels resulted significantly higher in DCM compared to ICM patients (DCM:31.3±7.4, ICM:2.7±1.1, p = 0.0002; DCM:19.1±4.9, ICM:5.4±2.2, p = 0.007, respectively). Although both genes’ mRNA levels increased in patients with LVEF<50% (DCM+ICM) with respect to VLP with LVEF>50%, a significant increase in OPN (p = 0.0004) and thrombin (p = 0.001) expression was observed only in DCM. In addition, a correlation between OPN-a and thrombin was found in patients with LVEF<50% (r = 0.6; p = 0.003). The mRNA pattern was confirmed by OPN-a cardiac protein concentration (VLP:1.127±0.26; DCM:1.29±0.22; ICM:1.00±0.077 ng/ml). The OPN splice variants expression were detectable only in ICM (OPN-b: 0.357±0.273; OPN-c: 0.091±0.033) and not in DCM patients. A significant correlation was observed between collagen type I, evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis, and both OPN-a mRNA expression (r = 0.87, p = 0.002) and OPN protein concentrations (r = 0.77, p = 0.016). Concluding, OPN-a and thrombin mRNA resulted dependent on the origin of heart failure while OPN-b and OPN-c highlighted a different expression for DCM and ICM patients, suggesting their correlation with different clinical-pathophysiological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedetta Svezia
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Matteucci
- Laboratory of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Botta
- Department of cardiac Surgery, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Pucci
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Rinaldi
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Cardiothoracic Department, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio Molinette, and University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Laboratory of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail: (SDR); (VL)
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail: (SDR); (VL)
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23
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Jürets A, Le Bras M, Staffler G, Stein G, Leitner L, Neuhofer A, Tardelli M, Turkof E, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. Inhibition of Cellular Adhesion by Immunological Targeting of Osteopontin Neoepitopes Generated through Matrix Metalloproteinase and Thrombin Cleavage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148333. [PMID: 26840958 PMCID: PMC4740464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted protein involved in inflammatory processes and cancer, induces cell adhesion, migration, and activation of inflammatory pathways in various cell types. Cells bind OPN via integrins at a canonical RGD region in the full length form as well as to a contiguous cryptic site that some have shown is unmasked upon thrombin or matrix metalloproteinase cleavage. Thus, the adhesive capacity of osteopontin is enhanced by proteolytic cleavage that may occur in inflammatory conditions such as obesity, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tumor growth and metastasis. Our aim was to inhibit cellular adhesion to recombinant truncated proteins that correspond to the N-terminal cleavage products of thrombin- or matrix metalloproteinase-cleaved OPN in vitro. We specifically targeted the cryptic integrin binding site with monoclonal antibodies and antisera induced by peptide immunization of mice. HEK 293 cells adhered markedly stronger to truncated OPN proteins than to full length OPN. Without affecting cell binding to the full length form, the raised monoclonal antibodies specifically impeded cellular adhesion to the OPN fragments. Moreover, we show that the peptides used for immunization were able to induce antisera, which impeded adhesion either to all OPN forms, including the full-length form, or selectively to the corresponding truncated recombinant proteins. In conclusion, we developed immunological tools to selectively target functional properties of protease-cleaved OPN forms, which could find applications in treatment and prevention of various inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jürets
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gesine Stein
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Leitner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Neuhofer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edvin Turkof
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M. Stulnig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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24
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Tanizaki Y, Ichisugi M, Obuchi-Shimoji M, Ishida-Iwata T, Tahara-Mogi A, Meguro-Ishikawa M, Kato T. Thrombopoietin induces production of nucleated thrombocytes from liver cells in Xenopus laevis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18519. [PMID: 26687619 PMCID: PMC4685256 DOI: 10.1038/srep18519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mammalian megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets, which are thought to be absent in non-mammals, is primarily regulated by the thrombopoietin (TPO)/Mpl system. Although non-mammals possess nucleated thrombocytes instead of platelets, the features of nucleated thrombocyte progenitors remain to be clarified. Here, we provide the general features of TPO using Xenopus laevis TPO (xlTPO). Hepatic and splenic cells were cultured in liquid suspension with recombinant xlTPO. These cells differentiated into large, round, polyploid CD41-expressing cells and were classified as X. laevis MKs, comparable to mammalian MKs. The subsequent culture of MKs after removal of xlTPO produced mature, spindle-shaped thrombocytes that were activated by thrombin, thereby altering their morphology. XlTPO induced MKs in cultured hepatic cells for at least three weeks; however, this was not observed in splenic cells; this result demonstrates the origin of early haematopoietic progenitors in the liver rather than the spleen. Additionally, xlTPO enhanced viability of peripheral thrombocytes, indicating the xlTPO-Mpl pathway stimulates anti-apoptotic in peripheral thrombocytes. The development of thrombocytes from MKs via the TPO-Mpl system in X. laevis plays a crucial role in their development from MKs, comparable to mammalian thrombopoiesis. Thus, our results offer insight into the cellular evolution of platelets/MKs in vertebrates. (200/200).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tanizaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Megumi Ichisugi
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Miyako Obuchi-Shimoji
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takako Ishida-Iwata
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tahara-Mogi
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Mizue Meguro-Ishikawa
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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25
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Fujii T, Sakata A, Nishimura S, Eto K, Nagata S. TMEM16F is required for phosphatidylserine exposure and microparticle release in activated mouse platelets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12800-5. [PMID: 26417084 PMCID: PMC4611630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516594112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exposure on the surface of activated platelets requires the action of a phospholipid scramblase(s), and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of the tenase and prothrombinase complexes involved in blood coagulation. Here, we found that the activation of mouse platelets with thrombin/collagen or Ca(2+) ionophore at 20 °C induces PtdSer exposure without compromising plasma membrane integrity. Among five transmembrane protein 16 (TMEM16) members that support Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid scrambling, TMEM16F was the only one that showed high expression in mouse platelets. Platelets from platelet-specific TMEM16F-deficient mice exhibited defects in activation-induced PtdSer exposure and microparticle shedding, although α-granule and dense granule release remained intact. The rate of tissue factor-induced thrombin generation by TMEM16F-deficient platelets was severely reduced, whereas thrombin-induced clot retraction was unaffected. The imaging of laser-induced thrombus formation in whole animals showed that PtdSer exposure on aggregated platelets was TMEM16F-dependent in vivo. The phenotypes of the platelet-specific TMEM16F-null mice resemble those of patients with Scott syndrome, a mild bleeding disorder, indicating that these mice may provide a useful model for human Scott syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Fujii
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Asuka Sakata
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishimura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan;
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Verbout NG, Yu X, Healy LD, Phillips KG, Tucker EI, Gruber A, McCarty OJT, Offner H. Thrombin mutant W215A/E217A treatment improves neurological outcome and attenuates central nervous system damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:57-65. [PMID: 24810631 PMCID: PMC4225189 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized by demyelination and axonal damage of the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of MS has also been linked to vascular inflammation and local activation of the coagulation system, resulting in perivascular fibrin deposition. Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of human MS, with antithrombotic and antiinflammatory activated protein C (APC) reduces disease severity. Since recombinant APC (Drotecogin alfa), originally approved for the treatment of severe sepsis, is not available for human MS studies, we tested the hypothesis that pharmacologic activation of endogenous protein C could likewise improve the outcome of EAE. Mice were immunized with murine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptides and at the onset of EAE symptoms, were treated every other day with either WE thrombin (25 μg/kg; i.v.), a selective recombinant protein C activator thrombin analog, or saline control. Mice were monitored for changes in disease score until euthanized for ex vivo analysis of inflammation. Administration of WE thrombin significantly ameliorated clinical severity of EAE, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination, suppressed the activation of macrophages comprising the CD11b + population and reduced accumulation of fibrin (ogen) in the spinal cord. These data suggest that symptomatic MS may respond to a treatment strategy that involves temporal pharmacological enhancement of endogenous APC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah G Verbout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA,
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Wood DC, Pelc LA, Pozzi N, Wallisch M, Verbout NG, Tucker EI, Gruber A, Di Cera E. WEDGE: an anticoagulant thrombin mutant produced by autoactivation. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:111-4. [PMID: 25369995 PMCID: PMC4368433 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of therapeutically relevant proteases typically involves activation of a zymogen precursor by external enzymes, which may raise regulatory issues about availability and purity. Recent studies of thrombin precursors have shown how to engineer constructs that spontaneously convert to the mature protease by autoactivation, without the need for external enzymes. OBJECTIVES Autoactivation is an innovative strategy that promises to simplify the production of proteases of therapeutic relevance, but has not been tested in practical applications. The aim of this study was to provide a direct test of this strategy. METHODS An autoactivating version of the thrombin mutant W215A/E217A (WE), which is currently in preclinical development as an anticoagulant, was engineered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The autoactivating version of WE can be produced in large quantities, like WE made in BHK cells or Escherichia coli, and retains all significant functional properties in vitro and in vivo. The results serve as proof of principle that autoactivation is an innovative and effective strategy for the production of trypsin-like proteases of therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wood
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Shangguan L, Zhu W, Xue Y, Liu S. Construction of photoelectrochemical thrombin aptasensor via assembling multilayer of graphene-CdS nanocomposites. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 64:611-7. [PMID: 25314620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for highly sensitive and specific detection of thrombin was developed by using graphene–CdS nanocomposites multilayer as photoactive species and electroactive mediator hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride (Ru(NH(3))(6)(3+)) as signal enhancer. Graphene–CdS nanocomposites (G–CdS) were synthesized by one-pot reduction of oxide graphene and CdCl2 with thioacetamide. The photoactive multilayer was prepared by alternative assembly of the negatively charged 3-mercaptopropionic acid modified graphene–CdS nanocomposites (MPA-G–CdS) and the positively charged polyethylenimine (PEI) on ITO electrode. This layer-by-layer assembly method enhanced the stability and homogeneity of the photocurrent readout of G–CdS. Thrombin aptamer was covalently bound to the multilayer by using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking. Electroactive mediator (Ru(NH(3))(6)(3+)) could interact with the DNA phosphate backbone and thus facilitated the electron transfer between G–CdS multilayer and electrode and enhanced the photocurrent. Hybridizing of a long complementary DNA with thrombin aptamer could increase the adsorption amount of (Ru(NH(3))(6)(3+)), which in turn boosted the signal readout. In the presence of target thrombin, the affinity interaction between thrombin and its aptamer resulted in the long complementary DNA releasing from the G–CdS multilayer and decreasing of photocurrent signal. On the basis of G–CdS multilayer as the photoactive species, (Ru (NH(3))(6)(3+)) as an electroactive mediator, and aptamer as a recognition module, a high sensitive PEC aptasensor for thrombin detection was proposed. The thrombin aptasensor displayed a linear range from 2.0 pM to 600.0 pM and a detection limit of 1.0 pM. The present strategy provided a promising ideology for the future development of PEC biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shangguan
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Jingjiang People's Hospital, PR China
| | | | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, PR China.
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Lim YC, Kouzani AZ, Kaynak A, Dai XJ, Littlefair G, Duan W. Theoretical modeling and experimental validation of surface stress in thrombin aptasensor. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2014; 13:384-91. [PMID: 25122838 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2014.2337517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of target molecules on the immobilized microcantilever surface produced beam displacement due to the differential surface stress generated between the immobilized and non-immobilized surface. Surface stress is caused by the intermolecular forces between the molecules. Van der Waals, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic effect and steric hindrance are some of the intermolecular forces involved. A theoretical framework describing the adsorption-induced microcantilever displacement is derived in this paper. Experimental displacement of thrombin aptamer-thrombin interactions was carried out. The relation between the electrostatic interactions involved between adsorbates (thrombin) as well as adsorbates and substrates (thrombin aptamer) and the microcantilever beam displacement utilizing the proposed mathematical model was quantified and compared to the experimental value. This exercise is important to aid the designers in microcantilever sensing performance optimization.
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Borissoff JI, Otten JJT, Heeneman S, Leenders P, van Oerle R, Soehnlein O, Loubele STBG, Hamulyák K, Hackeng TM, Daemen MJAP, Degen JL, Weiler H, Esmon CT, van Ryn J, Biessen EAL, Spronk HMH, ten Cate H. Genetic and pharmacological modifications of thrombin formation in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice determine atherosclerosis severity and atherothrombosis onset in a neutrophil-dependent manner. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55784. [PMID: 23409043 PMCID: PMC3567111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in the blood coagulation activity, determined genetically or by medication, may alter atherosclerotic plaque progression, by influencing pleiotropic effects of coagulation proteases. Published experimental studies have yielded contradictory findings on the role of hypercoagulability in atherogenesis. We therefore sought to address this matter by extensively investigating the in vivo significance of genetic alterations and pharmacologic inhibition of thrombin formation for the onset and progression of atherosclerosis, and plaque phenotype determination. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We generated transgenic atherosclerosis-prone mice with diminished coagulant or hypercoagulable phenotype and employed two distinct models of atherosclerosis. Gene-targeted 50% reduction in prothrombin (FII(-/WT):ApoE(-/-)) was remarkably effective in limiting disease compared to control ApoE(-/-) mice, associated with significant qualitative benefits, including diminished leukocyte infiltration, altered collagen and vascular smooth muscle cell content. Genetically-imposed hypercoagulability in TM(Pro/Pro):ApoE(-/-) mice resulted in severe atherosclerosis, plaque vulnerability and spontaneous atherothrombosis. Hypercoagulability was associated with a pronounced neutrophilia, neutrophil hyper-reactivity, markedly increased oxidative stress, neutrophil intraplaque infiltration and apoptosis. Administration of either the synthetic specific thrombin inhibitor Dabigatran etexilate, or recombinant activated protein C (APC), counteracted the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic phenotype of pro-thrombotic TM(Pro/Pro):ApoE(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide new evidence highlighting the importance of neutrophils in the coagulation-inflammation interplay during atherogenesis. Our findings reveal that thrombin-mediated proteolysis is an unexpectedly powerful determinant of atherosclerosis in multiple distinct settings. These studies suggest that selective anticoagulants employed to prevent thrombotic events may also be remarkably effective in clinically impeding the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian I Borissoff
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Atkinson JM, Pullen N, Johnson TS. An inhibitor of thrombin activated fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) can reduce extracellular matrix accumulation in an in vitro model of glucose induced ECM expansion. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:277-87. [PMID: 23369837 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterised by the pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins leading to progressive kidney scarring via glomerular and tubular basement membrane expansion. Increased ECM synthesis and deposition, coupled with reduced ECM breakdown contribute to the elevated ECM level in CKD. Previous pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that increased plasmin activity has a beneficial effect in the protein overload model of CKD. As plasmin activation is downregulated by the action of the thrombin activated fibrinolytic inhibitor (TAFI), we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of TAFI might increase plasmin activity and reduce ECM accumulation in an in vitro model of glucose induced ECM expansion. Treatment of NRK52E tubular epithelial cells with increasing concentrations of glucose resulted in a 40% increase in TAFI activity, a 38% reduction in plasmin activity and a subsequent increase in ECM accumulation. In this model system, application of the previously reported TAFI inhibitor UK-396082 [(2S)-5-amino-2-[(1-n-propyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]pentanoic acid] caused a reduction in TAFI activity, increased plasmin activity and induced a parallel decrease in ECM levels. In contrast, RNAi knockdown of plasmin resulted in an increase in ECM levels. The data presented here indicate that high glucose induces TAFI activity, inhibiting plasmin activation which results in elevated ECM levels in tubular epithelial cells. The results support the hypothesis that UK-396082 is able to reduce TAFI activity, normalising plasmin activity and preventing excess ECM accumulation suggesting that TAFI inhibition may have potential as an anti-scarring strategy in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Carboxypeptidase B2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carboxypeptidase B2/genetics
- Carboxypeptidase B2/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/enzymology
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Extracellular Matrix/drug effects
- Extracellular Matrix/enzymology
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Fibrinolysin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fibrinolysin/genetics
- Fibrinolysin/metabolism
- Fibrinolysis/drug effects
- Fibrinolysis/genetics
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Glucose/adverse effects
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/enzymology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Models, Biological
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/enzymology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Thrombin/genetics
- Thrombin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Atkinson
- Sheffield Kidney Institute & Academic Unit of Nephrology, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
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Daniel C, Mélaïne F, Roupioz Y, Livache T, Buhot A. Real time monitoring of thrombin interactions with its aptamers: insights into the sandwich complex formation. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 40:186-92. [PMID: 22863116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are raising an increasing interest for biosensor applications as replacements for antibodies due to their high stability and low cost. Thrombin, a key enzyme in the coagulation cascade, is an archetypical target against which two different aptamers, binding to two different exosites, have been selected. Recent studies dedicated to thrombin monitoring applications of biosensors have taken advantage of a potential sandwich-like structure between thrombin and these two aptamers for amplification purposes. However, in most cases, only end-point analysis was observed as a result of labeling requirements, thus preventing access to the kinetics of the complex formation. By using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) imaging of aptamer-functionalized biosensors, we followed the binding of thrombin on the sensor and its interaction with a second reporter aptamer in real-time and in a label-free manner. Surprisingly, we showed that the injection of a second unlabeled-aptamer following the previous thrombin injection destabilized the thrombin-aptamer complex formed on the sensor surface, thus limiting any further amplification. However, the direct co-injection of thrombin, pre-complexed with a biotinylated aptamer bound to streptavidin efficiently increased the SPR signal by comparison to single thrombin detection. The various injection sequences performed may be rationalized considering a poor selectivity of one of the aptamers towards its exosite and a further negative allosteric effect upon sandwich complexation of the thrombin with its aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Daniel
- SPrAM (UMR 5819: CEA, CNRS, UJF), INAC, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Marco A, Brocal C, Martirena F, Lucas J, Marco P. Clinical and biological factors that contribute to thrombin generation in prothrombin G20210A carriers: A case–control study in a single Thrombophilia Center. Thromb Res 2012; 129:e266-8. [PMID: 22475311 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Thrombin is one of the most extensively studied of all proteases. Its central role in the coagulation cascade as well as several other areas has been thoroughly documented. Despite this, its consensus cleavage site has never been determined in detail. Here we have determined its extended substrate recognition profile using phage-display technology. The consensus recognition sequence was identified as, P2-Pro, P1-Arg, P1'-Ser/Ala/Gly/Thr, P2'-not acidic and P3'-Arg. Our analysis also identifies an important role for a P3'-arginine in thrombin substrates lacking a P2-proline. In order to study kinetics of this cooperative or additive effect we developed a system for insertion of various pre-selected cleavable sequences in a linker region between two thioredoxin molecules. Using this system we show that mutations of P2-Pro and P3'-Arg lead to an approximate 20-fold and 14-fold reduction, respectively in the rate of cleavage. Mutating both Pro and Arg results in a drop in cleavage of 200-400 times, which highlights the importance of these two positions for maximal substrate cleavage. Interestingly, no natural substrates display the obtained consensus sequence but represent sequences that show only 1-30% of the optimal cleavage rate for thrombin. This clearly indicates that maximal cleavage, excluding the help of exosite interactions, is not always desired, which may instead cause problems with dysregulated coagulation. It is likely exosite cooperativity has a central role in determining the specificity and rate of cleavage of many of these in vivo substrates. Major effects on cleavage efficiency were also observed for residues as far away as 4 amino acids from the cleavage site. Insertion of an aspartic acid in position P4 resulted in a drop in cleavage by a factor of almost 20 times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Abdel Aziz MH, Mosier PD, Desai UR. Identification of the site of binding of sulfated, low molecular weight lignins on thrombin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:348-52. [PMID: 21893043 PMCID: PMC3183121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated, low molecular weight lignins (LMWLs), designed recently as macromolecular mimetics of the low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), were found to exhibit a novel allosteric mechanism of inhibition of human thrombin, factor Xa and plasmin, which translates into potent human blood anticoagulation potential. To identify the site of binding of sulfated LMWLs, a panel of site-directed thrombin mutants was studied. Substitution of alanine for Arg(93) or Arg(175) induced a 7-8-fold decrease in inhibition potency, while Arg(165)Ala, Lys(169)Ala, Arg(173)Ala and Arg(233)Ala thrombin mutants displayed a 2-4-fold decrease. Other exosite 2 residues including those that play an important role in heparin binding, such as Arg(101), Lys(235), Lys(236) and Lys(240), did not induce any deficiency in sulfated LMWL activity. Thrombin mutants with multiple alanine substitution of basic residues showed a progressively greater defect in inhibition potency. Comparison of thrombin, factor Xa, factor IXa and factor VIIa primary sequences reiterated Arg(93) and Arg(175) as residues likely to be targeted by sulfated LMWLs. The identification of a novel site on thrombin with capability of allosteric modulation is expected to greatly assist the design of new regulators based on the sulfated LMWL scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- May H. Abdel Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Philip D. Mosier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
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Abstract
Angiotensinogen is well known as source protein for a group of potent vasoactive hormones, however, a discrete biochemical activity of the angiotensinogen body is not known. Here we investigated angiotensinogen from the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis (L. fluviatilis), an early-diverged vertebrate. The recombinantly produced protein showed progressive inhibitory activity towards human α-thrombin with a second-order rate constant of 2.6×10(4) M(-1) min(-1). Heparin enhanced the reaction rate >800-fold with a bell-shaped dose-response curve and a stoichiometry of inhibition (SI) of 1.3, revealing lamprey angiotensinogen as an effective α-thrombin inhibitor. Genomic, biochemical, and protein sequence data indicate that angiotensinogen and heparin cofactor II (HCII) originated from a common ancestral thrombin antagonist, thus providing insight into an early stage of thrombin control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Berny-Lang MA, Hurst S, Tucker EI, Pelc LA, Wang RK, Hurn PD, Di Cera E, McCarty OJT, Gruber A. Thrombin mutant W215A/E217A treatment improves neurological outcome and reduces cerebral infarct size in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Stroke 2011; 42:1736-41. [PMID: 21512172 PMCID: PMC3115697 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.603811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Treatment of ischemic stroke by activation of endogenous plasminogen using tissue plasminogen activator is limited by bleeding side effects. In mice, treatment of experimental ischemic stroke with activated protein C improves outcomes; however, activated protein C also has bleeding side effects. In contrast, activation of endogenous protein C using thrombin mutant W215A/E217A (WE) is antithrombotic without hemostasis impairment in primates. Therefore, we investigated the outcome of WE-treated experimental ischemic stroke in mice. METHODS The middle cerebral artery was occluded with a filament for 60 minutes to induce ischemic stroke. Vehicle, recombinant WE, or tissue plasminogen activator was administered during middle cerebral artery occlusion or 2 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological performance was scored daily. Intracranial bleeding and cerebral infarct size, defined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride exclusion, were determined on autopsy. Hemostasis was evaluated using tail bleeding tests. RESULTS WE improved neurological performance scores, increased laser Doppler flowmetry-monitored post-middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion of the parietal cortex, and reduced 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride-defined cerebral infarct size versus vehicle controls. However, unlike tissue plasminogen activator, WE did not increase tail bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS WE treatment is neuroprotective without hemostasis impairment in experimental acute ischemic stroke in mice and thus may provide an alternative to tissue plasminogen activator for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Berny-Lang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Rezaie AR. The occupancy of endothelial protein C receptor by its ligand modulates the par-1 dependent signaling specificity of coagulation proteases. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:390-6. [PMID: 21438119 PMCID: PMC3121899 DOI: 10.1002/iub.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have demonstrated that the activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) by thrombin and activated protein C (APC) on cultured vascular endothelial cells elicits paradoxical proinflammatory and antiinflammatory responses, respectively. Noting that the protective intracellular signaling activity of APC requires the interaction of the protease with its receptor, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), we recently hypothesized that the occupancy of EPCR by protein C may also change the PAR-1-dependent signaling specificity of thrombin. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrated that EPCR is associated with caveolin-1 in lipid rafts of endothelial cells and that the occupancy of EPCR by the Gla-domain of protein C/APC leads to its dissociation from caveolin-1 and recruitment of PAR-1 to a protective signaling pathway through the coupling of PAR-1 to the pertussis toxin sensitive G(i) -protein. Thus, when EPCR is bound by protein C, a PAR-1-dependent protective signaling response in cultured endothelial cells can be mediated by either thrombin or APC. This article will briefly review the mechanism by which the occupancy of EPCR by its natural ligand modulates the PAR-1-dependent signaling specificity of coagulation proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza R Rezaie
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.
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Kupakuwana GV, Crill JE, McPike MP, Borer PN. Acyclic identification of aptamers for human alpha-thrombin using over-represented libraries and deep sequencing. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19395. [PMID: 21625587 PMCID: PMC3098231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aptamers are oligonucleotides that bind proteins and other targets with high affinity and selectivity. Twenty years ago elements of natural selection were adapted to in vitro selection in order to distinguish aptamers among randomized sequence libraries. The primary bottleneck in traditional aptamer discovery is multiple cycles of in vitro evolution. Methodology/Principal Findings We show that over-representation of sequences in aptamer libraries and deep sequencing enables acyclic identification of aptamers. We demonstrated this by isolating a known family of aptamers for human α-thrombin. Aptamers were found within a library containing an average of 56,000 copies of each possible randomized 15mer segment. The high affinity sequences were counted many times above the background in 2–6 million reads. Clustering analysis of sequences with more than 10 counts distinguished two sequence motifs with candidates at high abundance. Motif I contained the previously observed consensus 15mer, Thb1 (46,000 counts), and related variants with mostly G/T substitutions; secondary analysis showed that affinity for thrombin correlated with abundance (Kd = 12 nM for Thb1). The signal-to-noise ratio for this experiment was roughly 10,000∶1 for Thb1. Motif II was unrelated to Thb1 with the leading candidate (29,000 counts) being a novel aptamer against hexose sugars in the storage and elution buffers for Concanavilin A (Kd = 0.5 µM for α-methyl-mannoside); ConA was used to immobilize α-thrombin. Conclusions/Significance Over-representation together with deep sequencing can dramatically shorten the discovery process, distinguish aptamers having a wide range of affinity for the target, allow an exhaustive search of the sequence space within a simplified library, reduce the quantity of the target required, eliminate cycling artifacts, and should allow multiplexing of sequencing experiments and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian V. Kupakuwana
- Graduate Program in Structural Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - James E. Crill
- AptaMatrix, Inc., Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark P. McPike
- AptaMatrix, Inc., Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Philip N. Borer
- Graduate Program in Structural Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- AptaMatrix, Inc., Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang ZY, Qi JP, Zhu H, Song YJ, Wu H, Jia Y, Zhang GM. Expression of thrombin and its associated protein in cerebellum of human and rat after intracerebral hemorrhage. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010; 123:2077-2081. [PMID: 20819545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can cause brain damage through a number of pathways. The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of thrombin, protease nexin-1 (PN-1) and protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) in rat and human cerebellum after ICH. METHODS A model of ICH was produced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by direct injection of autologous blood (50 microl) into caudate nucleus. Patients with injured hemorrhage were also enrolled in this study. Different expressions of thrombin, PAR-1, PN-1 were detected in rat and human cerebellum by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS In rat cerebellum, thrombin protein significantly increased at 6 hours and reached the maximum 2 days after ICH. The expression of PAR-1 protein reached the maximum at 24 - 48 hours, and then began to decrease. The expression of PN-1 protein reached the maximum at 3 hours, decreased somewhat after that and increased a little at 5 days after ICH. While in human cerebellum, the changing tendency of thrombin, PAR-1 and PN-1 was almost conform to the rat. CONCLUSION In cerebellum, thrombin can activate PAR-1 expression after ICH, and PN-1 appears quickly after ICH in order to control the deleterious effect of thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-yi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
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42
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphosphate (a linear polymer of inorganic phosphate) is secreted from platelet dense granules, and we recently showed that it accelerates factor V activation by thrombin. OBJECTIVE To examine the interaction of polyphosphate with thrombin. METHODS AND RESULTS Thrombin, but not prothrombin, altered the electrophoretic migration of polyphosphate in gel mobility assays. Thrombin binding to polyphosphate was influenced by ionic strength, and was evident even in plasma. Two positively charged exosites on thrombin mediate its interactions with other proteins and accessory molecules: exosite I (mainly with thrombin substrates), and exosite II (mainly with certain anionic polymers). Free thrombin, thrombin in complex with hirudin's C-terminal dodecapeptide and gamma-thrombin all bound polyphosphate similarly, excluding exosite I involvement. Mutations within exosite II, but not within exosite I, the Na(+)-binding site or hydrophobic pocket, weakened thrombin binding to polyphosphate as revealed by NaCl dependence. Surface plasmon resonance demonstrated tight interaction of polyphosphate with thrombin (K(d) approximately 5 nm) but reduced interaction with a thrombin exosite II mutant. Certain glycosaminoglycans, including heparin, only partially competed with polyphosphate for binding to thrombin, and polyphosphate did not reduce heparin-catalyzed inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin. CONCLUSION Polyphosphate interacts with thrombin's exosite II at a site that partially overlaps with, but is not identical to, the heparin-binding site. Polyphosphate interactions with thrombin may be physiologically relevant, as the polyphosphate concentrations achievable following platelet activation are far above the approximately 5 nM K(d) for the polyphosphate-thrombin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Mutch
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Niu W, Chen Z, Bush-Pelc LA, Bah A, Gandhi PS, Di Cera E. Mutant N143P reveals how Na+ activates thrombin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:36175-36185. [PMID: 19846563 PMCID: PMC2794733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.069500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of thrombin activation by Na(+) remains elusive. Its kinetic formulation requires extension of the classical Botts-Morales theory for the action of a modifier on an enzyme to correctly account for the contribution of the E*, E, and E:Na(+) forms. The extended scheme establishes that analysis of k(cat) unequivocally identifies allosteric transduction of Na(+) binding into enhanced catalytic activity. The thrombin mutant N143P features no Na(+)-dependent enhancement of k(cat) yet binds Na(+) with an affinity comparable to that of wild type. Crystal structures of the mutant in the presence and absence of Na(+) confirm that Pro(143) abrogates the important H-bond between the backbone N atom of residue 143 and the carbonyl O atom of Glu(192), which in turn controls the orientation of the Glu(192)-Gly(193) peptide bond and the correct architecture of the oxyanion hole. We conclude that Na(+) activates thrombin by securing the correct orientation of the Glu(192)-Gly(193) peptide bond, which is likely flipped in the absence of cation. Absolute conservation of the 143-192 H-bond in trypsin-like proteases and the importance of the oxyanion hole in protease function suggest that this mechanism of Na(+) activation is present in all Na(+)-activated trypsin-like proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Leslie A Bush-Pelc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Alaji Bah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Prafull S Gandhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Enrico Di Cera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
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44
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation is a highly regulated process where the ability to prevent blood loss after injury is balanced against the maintenance of blood fluidity. Thrombin is at the center of this balancing act. It is the critical enzyme for producing and stabilizing a clot, but when complexed with thrombomodulin (TM) it is converted to a powerful anticoagulant. Another cofactor that may play a role in determining thrombin function is the monovalent cation Na(+). Its apparent affinity suggests that half of the thrombin generated is in a Na(+)-free 'slow' state and half is in a Na(+)-coordinated 'fast' state. While slow thrombin is a poor procoagulant enzyme, when complexed to TM it is an effective anticoagulant. METHODS To better understand this molecular transformation we solved a 2.4 A structure of thrombin complexed with EGF domains 4-6 of TM in the absence of Na(+) and other cofactors or inhibitors. RESULTS We find that TM binds as previously observed, and that the thrombin component resembles structures of the fast form. The Na(+) binding loop is observed in a conformation identical to the Na(+)-bound form, with conserved water molecules compensating for the missing ion. Using the fluorescent probe p-aminobenzamidine we show that activation of slow thrombin by TM principally involves the opening of the primary specificity pocket. CONCLUSIONS These data show that TM binding alters the conformation of thrombin in a similar manner as Na(+) coordination, resulting in an ordering of the Na(+) binding loop and an opening of the adjacent S1 pocket. We conclude that other, more subtle subsite changes are unlikely to influence thrombin specificity toward macromolecular substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Adams
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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45
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Haubold K, Rink M, Spath B, Friedrich M, Chun FKH, Marx G, Amirkhosravi A, Francis JL, Bokemeyer C, Eifrig B, Langer F. Tissue factor procoagulant activity of plasma microparticles is increased in patients with early-stage prostate cancer. Thromb Haemost 2009; 101:1147-1155. [PMID: 19492160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) plays a critical role in tumour growth and metastasis, and its enhanced release into plasma in association with cellular microparticles (MPs) has recently been associated with pathological cancer progression. We have previously demonstrated significantly elevated levels of plasma TF antigen as well as systemic coagulation and platelet activation in patients with localised prostate cancer. In this prospective study, we used a highly sensitive one-stage clotting assay to measure preoperative TF-specific procoagulant activity (PCA) of plasma MPs in 68 consecutive patients with early-stage prostate cancer to further explore the relevance of circulating TF in this tumour entity. Automated calibrated thrombography was used to monitor thrombin generation in cell-free plasma samples in the absence of exogenous TF or phospholipids. Compared to healthy male controls (n=20), patients had significantly increased levels of both D-dimer and TF-specific PCA of plasma MPs (p<0.001). Furthermore, MP-associated TF PCA was higher in patients with (n=29) than in those without (n=39) laboratory evidence of an acute-phase reaction (p=0.004) and decreased to normal levels within one week after radical prostatectomy. Overall, we found a significant correlation between TF-specific PCA of plasma MPs and plasma D-dimer (p=0.002), suggesting that plasma MPs contributed to in-vivo coagulation activation in a TF-dependent manner. Thrombin generation in plasma was also significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p<0.01). Collectively, our findings suggest that TF-specific PCA of plasma MPs contributes to intravascular coagulation activation in patients with early-stage prostate cancer and may represent a potential link between hypercoagulability, inflammation, and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Haubold
- Onkologisches Zentrum, II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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46
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Yuan S, Wang P, Tao H, Zhan D, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu C, Zhang Z. [Expression of snake venom thrombin-like enzyme calobin in Pichia pastoris]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2009; 25:526-532. [PMID: 19637626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin-like enzymes (TLEs) are studied widely because of their therapeutic potential in myocardial infarction and thrombotic diseases. We synthesized the DNA fragment encoding thrombin-like enzyme calobin from Agkistrodon caliginosus (Korean Viper) venom by fusion PCR and expressed it in Pichia pastoris. After induction by 0.5% methanol for 48 h, the expression level of recombinant calobin reached 3.5 g/L in medium. The recombinant calobin was purified by Q-Sepharose Fast Flow ion-exchange chromatography and Sephacryl-S-100 gel filtration chromatography. Purified sample had a molecular weight of 32 kD shown in SDS-PAGE. It hydrolyzed fibrinogen and formed a light white hydrolysis circle in fibrinogen plate. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that recombinant calobin cleaved Aalpha-chain of fibrinogen specifically, and produced an appropriately 40 kD new band. However, we failed to find its fibrin-clot formation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengling Yuan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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47
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Abstract
Peptides that mimic protein epitopes are interesting drug candidates. However, the design of effective peptidic drugs is difficult for several reasons, such as the fast degradation of peptides, their high flexibility, and thus high entropy loss on binding to the target. We therefore propose an in silico method for the automated design of peptides that are optimal with respect to several objectives. We present a Pareto-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for in silico peptide design. Using a simple molecular model, we apply the method to the design of peptides that (a) mimic antibody epitopes of the proteins thrombin and blood coagulation factor VIII, respectively, that (b) are short, and (c) are conformationally stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hohm
- Research Group Functional Peptides, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175 Bonn, Germany.
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48
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Lindhoff-Last E, Luxembourg B, Pabinger I. [Update thrombophilia]. Hamostaseologie 2008; 28:365-375. [PMID: 19132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A survey on definitions, epidemiology, clinical manifestations of congenital and acquired thrombophilias is given with focus on evidence-based data. Diagnostic and therapeutical strategies are presented. Selective thrombophilia screening based on previous personal and/or family history of venous thromboembolism is more cost-effective than universal screening in all patient groups. In the majority of patients with venous thrombosis the results of thrombophilia screening do not influence the duration of oral anticoagulation. The only patient population who clearly profits from thrombophilia screening in this situation are patients with a newly diagnosed antiphospholipid syndrome, because prolonged anticoagulation can avoid the high incidence of recurrence in this patient population. Because of the increased risk of venous thrombosis during pregnancy and the puerperium, thrombophilia screening is indicated in selected patients with a previous history of venous thrombosis to be able to decide whether anticoagulation is necessary when these patients become pregnant. Significant associations with early and late pregnancy loss are observed for patients with thrombophilia while it remains unknown whether these patients profit from anticoagulation with heparin or low dose aspirin during their next pregnancy since placebo-controlled multicenter trials are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lindhoff-Last
- Med. Klinik III, Schwerpunkt Angiologie/Hämostaseologie, Klinikum der J. W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main.
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VanLandingham JW, Cekic M, Cutler SM, Hoffman SW, Washington ER, Johnson SJ, Miller D, Stein DG. Progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone differentially regulate hemostatic proteins after traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008; 28:1786-94. [PMID: 18628783 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has shown in numerous experiments that the neurosteroids progesterone (PROG) and allopregnanolone (ALLO) improve molecular and functional outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). As coagulopathy is an important contributor to the secondary destruction of nervous tissue, we hypothesized that PROG and ALLO administration may also have a beneficial effect on coagulation protein expression after TBI. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given bilateral contusions of the medial frontal cortex followed by treatments with PROG (16 mg/kg), ALLO (8 mg/kg), or vehicle (22.5% hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin). Controls received no injury or injections. Progesterone generally maintained procoagulant (thrombin, fibrinogen, and coagulation factor XIII), whereas ALLO increased anticoagulant protein expression (tissue-type plasminogen activator, tPA). In addition, PROG significantly increased the ratio of tPA bound to neuroserpin, a serine protease inhibitor that can reduce the activity of tPA. Our findings suggest that in a model of TBI, where blood loss may exacerbate injury, it may be preferable to treat patients with PROG, whereas it might be more appropriate to use ALLO as a treatment for thrombotic stroke, where a reduction in coagulation would be more beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W VanLandingham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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50
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Abstract
The A chain of thrombin is covalently linked to the catalytic B chain but is separate from any known epitope for substrate recognition. In this study we present the results of the Ala replacement of 12 charged residues controlling the stability of the A chain and its interaction with the B chain. Residues Arg4 and Glu8 play a significant role in substrate recognition, even though they are located > 20 A away from residues of the catalytic triad, the primary specificity pocket and the Na+ site. The R4A mutation causes significant perturbation of Na+ binding, fibrinogen clotting and PAR1 cleavage, but modest reduction of protein C activation in the presence of thrombomodulin. These findings challenge our current paradigm of thrombin structure-function relations focused exclusively on the properties of the catalytic B chain, and explain why certain naturally occurring mutations of the A chain cause serious bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Papaconstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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