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Wang J, Sun Y, Liu S. Emerging antiviral therapies and drugs for the treatment of influenza. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2022; 27:389-403. [PMID: 36396398 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2022.2149734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both vaccines and antiviral drugs represent the mainstay for preventing and treating influenza. However, approved M2 ion channel inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, and various vaccines cannot meet therapeutic needs because of viral resistance. Thus, the discovery of new targets for the virus or host and the development of more effective inhibitors are essential to protect humans from the influenza virus. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the latest progress in vaccines and antiviral drug research to prevent and treat influenza, providing the foothold for developing novel antiviral inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Vaccines embody the most effective approach to preventing influenza virus infection, and recombinant protein vaccines show promising prospects in developing next-generation vaccines. Compounds targeting the viral components of RNA polymerase, hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein, and the modification of trusted neuraminidase inhibitors are future research directions for anti-influenza virus drugs. In addition, some host factors affect the replication of virus in vivo, which can be used to develop antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yihang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou Guangdong China
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2
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Wei X, Du W, Duca M, Yu G, de Vries E, de Haan CAM, Pieters RJ. Preventing Influenza A Virus Infection by Mixed Inhibition of Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin by Divalent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7312-7323. [PMID: 35549211 PMCID: PMC9150099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Divalent inhibitors
of the neuraminidase enzyme (NA) of the Influenza
A virus were synthesized with vastly different spacers. The spacers
varied from 14 to 56 atoms and were relatively rigid by way of the
building blocks and their connection by CuAAC. As the ligand for these
constructs, a Δ4-β-d-glucoronide was
used, which can be prepared form N-acetyl glucosamine.
This ligand showed good NA inhibitory potency but with room for improvement
by multivalency enhancement. The synthesized compounds showed modest
potency enhancement in NA activity assays but a sizeable potency increase
in a 4-day cytopathic effect assay. The demonstration that the compounds
can also inhibit hemagglutinin in addition to NA may be the cause
of the enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wei
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Margherita Duca
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Guangyun Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vries
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A and B viruses plays a distinct role in viral replication and has a highly conserved catalytic site. Numerous sialic (neuraminic) acid analogs that competitively bind to the NA active site and potently inhibit enzyme activity have been synthesized and tested. Four NA inhibitors are now licensed in various parts of the world (zanamivir, oseltamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir) to treat influenza A and B infections. NA changes, naturally occurring or acquired under selective pressure, have been shown to reduce drug binding, thereby affecting the effectiveness of NA inhibitors. Drug resistance and other drawbacks have prompted the search for the next-generation NA-targeting therapeutics. One of the promising approaches is the identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the conserved NA epitopes. Anti-NA mAbs demonstrate Fab-based antiviral activity supplemented with Fc-mediated immune effector functions. Antiviral Fc-conjugates offer another cutting-edge strategy that is based on a multimodal mechanism of action. These novel antiviral agents are composed of a small-molecule NA inhibitor and an Fc-region that simultaneously engages the immune system. The significant advancements made in recent years further support the value of NA as an attractive target for the antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
| | - Teena Mohan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
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4
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Kiss L, Benke Z, Nonn M, Remete AM, Fustero S. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Alicycles across Dipolar Cycloaddition/Metathesis Reaction. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis Account gives an insight into the selective functionalization of some readily available commercial cyclodienes across simple chemical transformations into functionalized small-molecular scaffolds. The syntheses involved selective cycloadditions, followed by ring-opening metathesis (ROM) of the resulting azetidin-2-one derivatives or isoxazoline frameworks and selective cross metathesis (CM) by discrimination of the C=C bonds on the alkenylated heterocycles. The CM protocols have been described when investigated under various conditions with the purpose on exploring chemodifferentiation of the olefin bonds and a study on the access of the corresponding functionalized β-lactam or isoxazoline derivatives is presented. Due to the expanding importance of organofluorine chemistry in drug research as well as of the high biological potential of β-lactam derivatives several illustrative examples to the access of some fluorine-containing molecular entities is also presented in this synopsis.1 Introduction2 Ring C=C Bond Functionalization of Some Cycloalkene β-Amino Acid Derivatives across Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate Cycloaddition3 Ring C=C Bond Functionalization of Some Cycloalkene β-Amino Acid Derivatives across Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition4 Ring C=C Bond Functionalization of Some Cycloalkene β-Amino Acid Derivatives across Metathesis5 Functionalization of sSome Cyclodienes across Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition6 Selective Synthesis of Functionalized Alicycles across Ring-Opening Metathesis7 Selective Synthesis of Functionalized Alicycles through Cross Metathesis8 Summary and Outlook9 List of Abbreviations
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Affiliation(s)
- Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Zsanett Benke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Melinda Nonn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Attila M. Remete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Santos Fustero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Pharmacy Faculty
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Shie JJ, Fang JM. Development of effective anti-influenza drugs: congeners and conjugates - a review. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:84. [PMID: 31640786 PMCID: PMC6806523 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a long-standing health problem. For treatment of seasonal flu and possible pandemic infections, there is a need to develop new anti-influenza drugs that have good bioavailability against a broad spectrum of influenza viruses, including the resistant strains. Relenza™ (zanamivir), Tamiflu™ (the phosphate salt of oseltamivir), Inavir™ (laninamivir octanoate) and Rapivab™ (peramivir) are four anti-influenza drugs targeting the viral neuraminidases (NAs). However, some problems of these drugs should be resolved, such as oral availability, drug resistance and the induced cytokine storm. Two possible strategies have been applied to tackle these problems by devising congeners and conjugates. In this review, congeners are the related compounds having comparable chemical structures and biological functions, whereas conjugate refers to a compound having two bioactive entities joined by a covalent bond. The rational design of NA inhibitors is based on the mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the sialic acid (Neu5Ac)-terminated glycoprotein. To improve binding affinity and lipophilicity of the existing NA inhibitors, several methods are utilized, including conversion of carboxylic acid to ester prodrug, conversion of guanidine to acylguanidine, substitution of carboxylic acid with bioisostere, and modification of glycerol side chain. Alternatively, conjugating NA inhibitors with other therapeutic entity provides a synergistic anti-influenza activity; for example, to kill the existing viruses and suppress the cytokines caused by cross-species infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Jie Shie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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6
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Compain P. Multivalent Effect in Glycosidase Inhibition: The End of the Beginning. CHEM REC 2019; 20:10-22. [PMID: 30993894 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidases are ubiquitous enzymes involved in a diversity of key biological processes such as energy uptake or cell wall degradation. The design of specific glycosidase inhibitors has been therefore the subject of intense research efforts in academia and pharmaceutical industry. However, until recently, the study of the impact of multivalency on glycosidase inhibition was almost completely neglected. The following account will review our ten year journey on the design of multivalent glycomimetics within our research group, from the discovery of the first strong multivalent effect in glycosidase inhibition to the high-resolution crystal structures of Jack bean α-mannosidase in complex with the multimeric inhibitor displaying the largest binding enhancements reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg, Univ. de Haute-Alsace, CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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7
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Brissonnet Y, Assailly C, Saumonneau A, Bouckaert J, Maillasson M, Petitot C, Roubinet B, Didak B, Landemarre L, Bridot C, Blossey R, Deniaud D, Yan X, Bernard J, Tellier C, Grandjean C, Daligault F, Gouin SG. Multivalent Thiosialosides and Their Synergistic Interaction with Pathogenic Sialidases. Chemistry 2019; 25:2358-2365. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Brissonnet
- CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation; UMR CNRS 6230; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques; Université de Nantes; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Coralie Assailly
- CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation; UMR CNRS 6230; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques; Université de Nantes; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Amélie Saumonneau
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques; Université de Nantes, UFIP, UMR CNRS 6286; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 CNRS; Université de Lille 1; Lille 59000 France
| | - Mike Maillasson
- Impact biogeneouest; CRCINA; Inserm; CNRS; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Clémence Petitot
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques; Université de Nantes, UFIP, UMR CNRS 6286; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Benoit Roubinet
- Bâtiment Physique-Chimie; Glycodiag; Rue de Chartres, BP6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Blanka Didak
- Bâtiment Physique-Chimie; Glycodiag; Rue de Chartres, BP6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Ludovic Landemarre
- Bâtiment Physique-Chimie; Glycodiag; Rue de Chartres, BP6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Clarisse Bridot
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 CNRS; Université de Lille 1; Lille 59000 France
| | - Ralf Blossey
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 CNRS; Université de Lille 1; Lille 59000 France
| | - David Deniaud
- CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation; UMR CNRS 6230; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques; Université de Nantes; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Xibo Yan
- Université de Lyon, Lyon; 69003 (France), INSA- Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, 69621, France, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, 69621 France
| | - Julien Bernard
- Université de Lyon, Lyon; 69003 (France), INSA- Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, 69621, France, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, 69621 France
| | - Charles Tellier
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques; Université de Nantes, UFIP, UMR CNRS 6286; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques; Université de Nantes, UFIP, UMR CNRS 6286; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Franck Daligault
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques; Université de Nantes, UFIP, UMR CNRS 6286; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Sébastien G. Gouin
- CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation; UMR CNRS 6230; UFR des Sciences et des Techniques; Université de Nantes; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
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8
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Wu X, Wu X, Sun Q, Zhang C, Yang S, Li L, Jia Z. Progress of small molecular inhibitors in the development of anti-influenza virus agents. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:826-845. [PMID: 28382157 PMCID: PMC5381247 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza pandemic is a major threat to human health, and highly aggressive strains such as H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9 have emphasized the need for therapeutic strategies to combat these pathogens. Influenza anti-viral agents, especially active small molecular inhibitors play important roles in controlling pandemics while vaccines are developed. Currently, only a few drugs, which function as influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors, are approved in clinical. However, the acquired resistance against current anti-influenza drugs and the emerging mutations of influenza virus itself remain the major challenging unmet medical needs for influenza treatment. It is highly desirable to identify novel anti-influenza agents. This paper reviews the progress of small molecular inhibitors act as antiviral agents, which include hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitors, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, NA inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors etc. Moreover, we also summarize new, recently reported potential targets and discuss strategies for the development of new anti-influenza virus drugs.
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Fu L, Bi Y, Wu Y, Zhang S, Qi J, Li Y, Lu X, Zhang Z, Lv X, Yan J, Gao GF, Li X. Structure-Based Tetravalent Zanamivir with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6303-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Fu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- Graduate
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Wu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- Graduate
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- Laboratory
Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenning Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- Graduate
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Lv
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- Center
for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASCIRE), Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - George F. Gao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- Center
for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASCIRE), Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- Center
for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASCIRE), Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Lohrman J, Telikepalli H, Johnson TS, Jackson TA, Day VW, Bowman-James K. Pyrazinetetracarboxamide: A Duplex Ligand for Palladium(II). Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5098-100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lohrman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Hanumaiah Telikepalli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Thomas S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Timothy A. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Victor W. Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Kristin Bowman-James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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From neuraminidase inhibitors to conjugates: a step towards better anti-influenza drugs? Future Med Chem 2015; 6:757-74. [PMID: 24941871 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the treatment of seasonal flu and possible pandemic infections the development of new anti-influenza drugs that have good bioavailability against a broad spectrum of influenza viruses including the resistant strains is needed. In this review, we summarize previous methods for the structural modification of zanamivir, a potent neuraminidase inhibitor that has rare drug resistance, in order to develop effective anti-influenza drugs. We also report recent research into the design of multivalent zanamivir drugs and bifunctional zanamivir conjugates, some of which have shown better efficacy in animal experiments. As a step towards developing improved antivirals, conjugating anti-influenza drugs with anti-inflammatory agents can improve oral bioavailability and also exert synergistic effect in influenza therapy.
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Kanfar N, Bartolami E, Zelli R, Marra A, Winum JY, Ulrich S, Dumy P. Emerging trends in enzyme inhibition by multivalent nanoconstructs. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9894-906. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01405k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent implementation of multivalent nanoconstructs in enzyme inhibition and discusses the emerging trends in their design and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreddine Kanfar
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
| | - Eline Bartolami
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
| | - Renaud Zelli
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
| | - Alberto Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
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Antiviral Drugs for Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Infections. MANDELL, DOUGLAS, AND BENNETT'S PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015. [PMCID: PMC7152365 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-4801-3.00044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Synthesis of densely functionalized cispentacin derivatives through selective aziridination and aziridine opening reactions: orthogonally protected di- and triaminocyclopentanecarboxylates. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Lou J, Yang X, Rao Z, Qi W, Li J, Wang H, Li Y, Li J, Wang Z, Hu X, Liu P, Hong X. Design and synthesis of 6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives as neuraminidase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:466-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Gouin SG. Multivalent Inhibitors for Carbohydrate-Processing Enzymes: Beyond the “Lock-and-Key” Concept. Chemistry 2014; 20:11616-28. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Compain P, Bodlenner A. The Multivalent Effect in Glycosidase Inhibition: A New, Rapidly Emerging Topic in Glycoscience. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1239-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tarbet EB, Hamilton S, Vollmer AH, Luttick A, Ng WC, Pryor M, Hurst BL, Crawford S, Smee DF, Tucker SP. A zanamivir dimer with prophylactic and enhanced therapeutic activity against influenza viruses. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2164-74. [PMID: 24777908 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging drug resistance to antiviral therapies is an increasing challenge for the treatment of influenza virus infections. One new antiviral compound, BTA938, a dimeric derivative of the viral neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir, contains a 14-carbon linker bridging two zanamivir moieties. In these studies, we evaluated antiviral efficacy in cell cultures infected with influenza virus and in mouse models of lethal influenza using H1N1pdm09, H3N2 and oseltamivir-resistant (H275Y) viruses. METHODS In vitro activity was evaluated against 22 strains of influenza virus. Additionally, in vivo studies compared the efficacy of BTA938 or zanamivir after intranasal treatment. We also tested the hypothesis of a dual mode of action for BTA938 using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS BTA938 inhibited the viruses at nanomolar concentrations in vitro with a median 50% effective concentration value of 0.5 nM. In mouse models, the dimer provided ∼10-fold greater protection than zanamivir. The data also showed that a single low dose (3 mg/kg) protected 100% of mice from an otherwise lethal oseltamivir-resistant (H275Y) influenza virus infection. Remarkably, a single prophylactic treatment (10 mg/kg) administered 7 days before the challenge protected 70% of mice and when administered 1 or 3 days before the challenge it protected 90% of mice. Additionally, SEM provides evidence that the increased antiviral potency may be mediated by an enhanced aggregation of virus on the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and in vivo experiments showed the high antiviral activity of BTA938 for the treatment of influenza virus infections. Moreover, we demonstrated that a single dose of BTA938 is sufficient for prophylactic and therapeutic protection in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Almut H Vollmer
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Wy Ching Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Brett L Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Simon Crawford
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Donald F Smee
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Kiss L, Fülöp F. Synthesis of carbocyclic and heterocyclic β-aminocarboxylic acids. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1116-69. [PMID: 24299148 DOI: 10.1021/cr300454h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged , H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, Hungary
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20
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Rísquez‐Cuadro R, García Fernández JM, Nierengarten J, Ortiz Mellet C. Fullerene‐sp
2
‐Iminosugar Balls as Multimodal Ligands for Lectins and Glycosidases: A Mechanistic Hypothesis for the Inhibitory Multivalent Effect. Chemistry 2013; 19:16791-803. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rísquez‐Cuadro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González 1, 41012 Sevilla (Spain)
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC ‐ Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla (Spain)
| | - Jean‐François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González 1, 41012 Sevilla (Spain)
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Chamni S, De-Eknamkul W. Recent progress and challenges in the discovery of new neuraminidase inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:409-23. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.765861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Feng E, Shin WJ, Zhu X, Li J, Ye D, Wang J, Zheng M, Zuo JP, No KT, Liu X, Zhu W, Tang W, Seong BL, Jiang H, Liu H. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of C-1- and C-4-Modified Analogs of Zanamivir as Neuraminidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:671-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3009713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department
of Biotechnology,
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Xuelian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department
of Biotechnology,
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department
of Biotechnology,
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
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Fraser BH, Hamilton S, Krause-Heuer AM, Wright PJ, Greguric I, Tucker SP, Draffan AG, Fokin VV, Sharpless KB. Synthesis of 1,4-triazole linked zanamivir dimers as highly potent inhibitors of influenza A and B. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20300f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Selective nitrile oxide dipolar cycloaddition for the synthesis of highly functionalized β-aminocyclohexanecarboxylate stereoisomers. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Hayakawa M, Toda N, Carrillo N, Thornburg NJ, Crowe JE, Barbas CF. A chemically programmed antibody is a long-lasting and potent inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2191-5. [PMID: 22965667 PMCID: PMC3517015 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Programming an anti-flu strategy: A new and potent neuraminidase inhibitor that maintains long-term systemic exposure of an antibody and the therapeutic activity of the neuraminadase inhibitor zanamivir has been created. This strategy could provide a promising new class of influenza A drugs for therapy and prophylaxis, and validates enzyme inhibitors as programming agents in synthetic immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hayakawa
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Narihiro Toda
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Nancy Carrillo
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Natalie J. Thornburg
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 11475 Medical Research Building IV - 2213 Garland Ave. Nashville, TN 37232-0417
| | - James E. Crowe
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 11475 Medical Research Building IV - 2213 Garland Ave. Nashville, TN 37232-0417
| | - Carlos F. Barbas
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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26
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Feng E, Ye D, Li J, Zhang D, Wang J, Zhao F, Hilgenfeld R, Zheng M, Jiang H, Liu H. Recent advances in neuraminidase inhibitor development as anti-influenza drugs. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1527-36. [PMID: 22807317 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of the highly pathogenic H5N1 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) and of the new type of human influenza A (H1N1) have emphasized the need for the development of effective anti-influenza drugs. Presently, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of human influenza virus infection, and tremendous efforts have been made to develop more potent NA inhibitors to combat resistance and new influenza viruses. In this review, we discuss the structural characteristics of NA catalytic domains and the recent developments of new NA inhibitors using structure-based drug design strategies. These drugs include analogues of zanamivir, analogues of oseltamivir, analogues of peramivir, and analogues of aromatic carboxylic acid and present promising options for therapeutics or leads for further development of NA inhibitors that may be useful in the event of a future influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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27
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Du J, Cross TA, Zhou HX. Recent progress in structure-based anti-influenza drug design. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:1111-20. [PMID: 22704956 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza have caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent emergence of influenza A H5N1 and H1N1 strains has heightened concern, especially as a result of their drug resistance. The life cycle of influenza viruses has been well studied and nearly all the viral proteins are becoming potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we present an overview of recent progress in structure-based anti-influenza drug design, paying close attention to the increasing role of computation and strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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28
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Kiss L, Forró E, Fülöp F. Selective syntheses of novel highly functionalized β-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acids. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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29
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Wen WH, Lin M, Su CY, Wang SY, Cheng YSE, Fang JM, Wong CH. Synergistic effect of zanamivir-porphyrin conjugates on inhibition of neuraminidase and inactivation of influenza virus. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4903-10. [PMID: 19522501 DOI: 10.1021/jm900515g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New anti-influenza agents of tetravalent zanamivir on a porphyrin scaffold were synthesized. These compounds are 10 to 100 times more potent in inhibiting influenza replications even though they are somewhat less potent in neuraminidase inhibition than the monomeric zanamivir. The enhanced anti-influenza activity is probably attributable to the additional viral inactivation by singlet oxygen due to sensitization of the porphyrin moiety, which is brought in close proximity of virus by the conjugated zanamivir in a manner resembling the "magic bullet" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsien Wen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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30
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Magano J. Synthetic Approaches to the Neuraminidase Inhibitors Zanamivir (Relenza) and Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu) for the Treatment of Influenza. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4398-438. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800449m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
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31
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Honda T, Kubo S, Masuda T, Arai M, Kobayashi Y, Yamashita M. Synthesis and in vivo influenza virus-inhibitory effect of ester prodrug of 4-guanidino-7-O-methyl-Neu5Ac2en. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2938-40. [PMID: 19414262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of ester prodrugs of 7-O-methyl derivative of Zanamivir (compound 3) was synthesized and their efficacy was evaluated in an influenza infected mice model by intranasal administration. Compound 7c (CS-8958), octanoyl ester prodrug of the C-9 alcohol of compound 3, was found to be much longer-acting than Zanamivir. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacies of compounds 12a, 12b, and 12c, the linear alkyl ester prodrug of the carboxylic acid, were comparable to that exerted by compound 7c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Honda
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
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32
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Cecioni S, Argintaru OA, Docsa T, Gergely P, Praly JP, Vidal S. Probing multivalency for the inhibition of an enzyme: glycogen phosphorylase as a case study. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b812540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Viruses, particularly those that are harmful to humans, are the 'silent terrorists' of the twenty-first century. Well over four million humans die per annum as a result of viral infections alone. The scourge of influenza virus has plagued mankind throughout the ages. The fact that new viral strains emerge on a regular basis, particularly out of Asia, establishes a continual socio-economic threat to mankind. The arrival of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 heightened the threat of a potential human pandemic to the point where many countries have put in place 'preparedness plans' to defend against such an outcome. The discovery of the first designer influenza virus sialidase inhibitor and anti-influenza drug Relenza, and subsequently Tamiflu, has now inspired a number of continuing efforts towards the discovery of next generation anti-influenza drugs. Such drugs may act as 'first-line-of-defence' against the spread of influenza infection and buy time for necessary vaccine development particularly in a human pandemic setting. Furthermore, the fact that influenza virus can develop resistance to therapeutics makes these continuing efforts extremely important. An overview of the role of the virus-associated glycoprotein sialidase (neuraminidase) and some of the most recent developments towards the discovery of anti-influenza drugs based on the inhibition of influenza virus sialidase is provided in this chapter.
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Abstract
Annual epidemics of influenza virus infection are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality, and pandemics are much more devastating. Considerable knowledge of viral infectivity and replication has been acquired, but many details still have to be elucidated and the virus remains a challenging target for drug design and development. This review provides an overview of the antiviral drugs targeting the influenza viral replicative cycle. Included are a brief description of their chemical syntheses and biological activities. For other reviews, see References1-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M. Lagoja
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Marra A, Moni L, Pazzi D, Corallini A, Bridi D, Dondoni A. Synthesis of sialoclusters appended to calix[4]arene platforms via multiple azide-alkyne cycloaddition. New inhibitors of hemagglutination and cytopathic effect mediated by BK and influenza A viruses. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1396-409. [DOI: 10.1039/b800598b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lu Y, Gervay-Hague J. Synthesis of C-4 and C-7 triazole analogs of zanamivir as multivalent sialic acid containing scaffolds. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1636-50. [PMID: 17597592 PMCID: PMC2190540 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 06/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relative reactivities of C-4 and C-7 azides derived from zanamivir were compared in cycloaddition reactions with a panel of alkynes. All of the reactions proceeded efficiently with no observable differences between primary and secondary azides. Significant rate differences were observed between several members of the alkyne panel. Most notably, a trialkyne derived from a 1,3,5-triazine core underwent complete reaction within 4 h, whereas an analogous trialkyne with an all carbon aromatic core required 18 h. These results suggest that the triazine core serves as an internal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- University of California, Davis, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Webb JEA, Crossley MJ, Turner P, Thordarson P. Pyromellitamide Aggregates and Their Response to Anion Stimuli. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:7155-62. [PMID: 17497782 DOI: 10.1021/ja0713781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The N,N',N'',N'''-1,2,4,5-tetra(ethylhexanoate) pyromellitamide is found to be capable of both intermolecular aggregation and binding to small anions. It is synthesized by aminolysis of pyromellitic anhydride with ethanolamine, followed by a reaction with hexanoyl chloride. The single-crystal X-ray structure of the pyromellitamide shows that it forms one-dimensional columnar stacks through an intermolecular hydrogen-bonding network. It also forms self-assembled gels in nonpolar solvents, presumably by a hydrogen-bonding network similar to the solid-state structure as shown by IR and XRD studies. Aggregation by intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the pyromellitamide is also observed by NMR and IR in solution. Fitting of NMR dilution data for pyromellitamide in d6-acetone to a cooperative aggregation model gave KE=232 M-1 and positive cooperativity of aggregation (rho=0.22). The pyromellitamide binds to a range of small anions with the binding strength decreasing in the order chloride>acetate>bromide>nitrate approximately iodide. The data indicate that the pyromellitamide binds two anions and that it displays negative cooperativity. The intermolecular aggregation of the pyromellitamide can also be altered using small anion stimuli; anion addition to preformed self-assembled pyromellitamide gels causes their collapse. The kinetics of anion-induced gel collapse are qualitatively correlated to the binding affinities of the same anions in solution. The cooperative anion binding properties and the sensitivity of the self-assembled gels formed by pyromellitamide toward anions could be useful in the development of sensors and switching/releasing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E A Webb
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Islam T, von Itzstein M. Anti-Influenza Drug Discovery: Are We Ready for the Next Pandemic? Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2007; 61:293-352. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(07)61006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Influenza viruses continue to be a major health challenge due to antigenic variation in envelope proteins and animal reservoirs for the viruses. Of particular concern is an anticipated influenza pandemic in the near future. Vaccination is currently the most effective means of reducing morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics. In addition, neuraminidase inhibitors have substantially improved antiviral therapy for influenza. However, influenza infection in children and the elderly remain problematic. Furthermore, major innovations in prevention and therapy will be needed to deal with an influenza pandemic. This review assesses available and investigational antivirals and vaccines for influenza, emphasising novel approaches that may improve ability to cope with infection in children and the elderly or during a pandemic. Some adverse sequelae of influenza appear to relate to impairment or pathogenic activation of immune responses. Exciting recent findings in this area, with relevance to influenza treatment, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kandel
- Harvard University School of Medicine, Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, 1200 Centre Street, Boston, MA 02131-1097, USA
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Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors as Antiviral Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(06)41019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Macdonald SJF, Cameron R, Demaine DA, Fenton RJ, Foster G, Gower D, Hamblin JN, Hamilton S, Hart GJ, Hill AP, Inglis GGA, Jin B, Jones HT, McConnell DB, McKimm-Breschkin J, Mills G, Nguyen V, Owens IJ, Parry N, Shanahan SE, Smith D, Watson KG, Wu WY, Tucker SP. Dimeric Zanamivir Conjugates with Various Linking Groups Are Potent, Long-Lasting Inhibitors of Influenza Neuraminidase Including H5N1 Avian Influenza. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2964-71. [PMID: 15828835 DOI: 10.1021/jm040891b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, antiviral and pharmacokinetic properties of zanamivir (ZMV) dimers 8 and 13 are described. The compounds are highly potent neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors which, along with dimer 3, are being investigated as potential second generation inhaled therapies both for the treatment of influenza and for prophylactic use. They show outstanding activity in a 1 week mouse influenza prophylaxis assay, and compared with ZMV, high concentrations of 8 and 13 are found in rat lung tissue after 1 week. Retention of compounds in rat lung tissue correlated both with molecular weight (excluding 3 and 15) and with a capacity factor K' derived from immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) chromatography (including 3 and 15). Pharmacokinetic parameters for 3, 8 and 13 in rats show the compounds have short to moderate plasma half-lives, low clearances and low volumes of distribution. Dimer 3 shows NA inhibitory activity against N1 viruses including the recent highly pathogenic H5N1 A/Chicken/Vietnam/8/2004. In plaque reduction assays, 3, 8 and 13 show good to outstanding potency against a panel of nine flu A and B virus strains. Consistent with its shorter and more rigid linking group, dimer 8 has been successfully crystallized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J F Macdonald
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
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