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Rahman A, Haider MF. A comprehensive review on glucocorticoids induced osteoporosis: A medication caused disease. Steroids 2024; 207:109440. [PMID: 38754651 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that are extensively used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and cancer. The major ill effect of administering GCs is that it has a deleterious effect on bone, which leads to GC-induced osteoporosis. GC therapy induces bone loss and is associated with the risk of nonvertebral and vertebral fractures, as it works in combination by increasing bone reabsorption and suppressing bone formation during the initial phase of therapy. It is seen and established that GC in excess or in low dose for 3 months or more can be a risk factor for fracture, and the risk increases with an increase in dose and duration of usage. The most common cause of secondary osteoporosis is the administration of GC inside the body to treat various diseases. The degree of bone loss is directly proportional to the GC dose and the exposure duration. The first step is to evaluate the patients' risk factors for the development of glucocorticoids that induce osteoporosis, which include the dose, duration of use, patient age, sex, previous fractures, and other medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Md Faheem Haider
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
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Leszczyńska D, Szatko A, Papierska L, Zgliczyński W, Glinicki P. Musculoskeletal complications of Cushing syndrome. Reumatologia 2023; 61:271-282. [PMID: 37745145 PMCID: PMC10515123 DOI: 10.5114/reum/169889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to an excess of glucocorticosteroids (GCs), both endogenous and exogenous, leads to a wide range of comorbidities, including cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, and musculoskeletal disorders. The latter comprise osteopenia and osteoporosis leading to skeletal fractures and myopathy. Although endogenous hypercortisolemia is a rare disorder, GCs are among the most frequently prescribed drugs, often administered chronically and despite multiple side effects, impossible to taper off due to therapeutic reasons. The pathophysiology of the effect of GC excess on bone often leads to fractures despite normal or low-normal bone mineral density and it includes direct (mainly disturbance in bone formation processes, through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway) and indirect mechanisms (through suppressing the gonadal and somatotrophic axis, and also through antagonizing vitamin D actions). Glucocorticosteroid-induced fast-twitch, glycolytic muscles atrophy occurs due to increased protein catabolism and impaired synthesis. Protein degradation is a result of activation of the ubiquitin proteasome and the lysosomes stimulated through overexpression of several atrogenes (such as FOXO-1 and atrogin-1). This review will discuss pathophysiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and management of GC-induced osteoporosis (including calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and bisphosphonates) and myopathy associated with GC excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Leszczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Szatko
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Papierska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zgliczyński
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Glinicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although COVID-19 was originally characterized as a respiratory disease, recent findings have shown lingering side effects in those who have recovered, and much is still unknown about the long-term consequences of the illness. Thus, the potential of unearthing multi-system dysfunction is high, with current data revealing significant impacts on musculoskeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple animal models of COVID-19 infection have revealed significant post-infection bone loss at several different skeletal sites. While how this loss occurred is unknown, this current review discusses the primary bone loss studies, and examines the possible mechanisms of action including: direct infection of bone marrow macrophages or hematopoietic progenitors, a proinflammatory response as a result of the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm, and/or a result of hypoxia and oxidative stress. This review will further examine how therapeutics used to treat COVID-19 affect the skeletal system. Finally, this review will examine the possible consequence that delayed care and limited healthcare accessibility has on musculoskeletal-related patient outcomes. It is important to investigate the potential impact COVID-19 infection has on musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatundun D Awosanya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 549, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ushashi C Dadwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 549, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Erik A Imel
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 549, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Henning P, Conaway HH, Lerner UH. Stimulation of osteoclast formation and bone resorption by glucocorticoids: Synergistic interactions with the calcium regulating hormones parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH) 2-vitamin D3. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 120:231-270. [PMID: 35953112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a significant health problem, with skeletal fractures increasing morbidity and mortality. Excess glucocorticoids (GC) represents the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. The first phase of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is increased bone resorption. In this Chapter, in vitro studies of the direct glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated cellular effects of GC on osteoclasts to affect bone resorption and indirect effects on osteoblast lineage cells to increase the RANKL/OPG ratio and stimulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption are reviewed in detail, together with detailed descriptions of in vivo effects of GC in different portions of the skeleton in research animals and humans. Brief sections are devoted to contrasting functions of GC in osteonecrosis, vitamin D formation, in vitro and in vivo bone resorptive actions dependent on vitamin D receptor and vitamin D toxicity, as well as the molecular basis of GR action. Included are also more detailed assessments of the interactions of GC with the major calcium regulating hormones, 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone, describing the in vitro increases in RANKL/OPG ratios, osteoclastogenesis and synergistic bone resorption that occurs when GC is combined with either 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 or parathyroid hormone. Additionally, a molecular basic for the synergistic interaction of GC with 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 is provided along with a suggested molecular basic for the interaction between GC and parathyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Herschel Conaway
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Herath M, Langdahl B, Ebeling PR, Milat F. Challenges in the diagnosis and management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in younger and older adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:460-474. [PMID: 34811782 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucocorticoids constitute a considerable risk for developing osteoporosis in both younger and older adults. However, currently available bone imaging modalities and fracture-risk assessment tools do not adequately capture the dramatic changes in bone microarchitecture, heterogeneity of glucocorticoid exposure, the impact of chronic disease and other osteoporosis risk factors on the assessment of osteoporosis in these individuals. DESIGN A narrative review is presented, following a systematic search of the literature from 2000 to 2021. RESULTS Our current appreciation of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is focused on older populations, with limited evidence to guide the investigation, risk assessment and treatment in premenopausal women and men less than 50 years. The impact of the underlying chronic disease on secondary osteoporosis in these younger adults is also poorly understood. CONCLUSION Through this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of and recommendations for optimising the management of this common cause of secondary osteoporosis younger and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuni Herath
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bente Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frances Milat
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Liu Y, Fu B, Li X, Chen C, Li X, Xu L, Wang B. Bushen huoxue decoction inhibits RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by modulating the NF-κB, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007839. [PMID: 36467086 PMCID: PMC9716084 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis, which is caused by a disorder in bone metabolism due to excessive activation of osteoclasts. Bushen Huoxue decoction (BHD) is an herbal formula with multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and stem cell migration promotion. However, the effect of BHD on osteoclastogenesis has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of BHD on RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and explored its underlying mechanisms of action in vitro. Our results show that BHD had no effect on BMMs and RAW264.7 cells viability, but inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in vitro. Furthermore, BHD attenuated RANKL-induced NF-κB, ERK, and JNK signaling. The attenuation of NF-κB, ERK, and JNK activation were enough to impede downstream expression of c-fos and NFATc1 and related specific genes. Meanwhile, we investigated the therapeutic effect of BHD on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) mice. The result indicated that BHD prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and preserves bone volume by repressing osteoclast activity. Collectively, BHD shows significant osteoclast inhibition and holds great promise in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binlan Fu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Traumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Osteoprotective Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivatives on the Regeneration of Mandibular Defects in Experimentally Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:8659010. [PMID: 34804167 PMCID: PMC8598373 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8659010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoporosis is a progressive systematic skeletal illness characterized by low bone mineral density and susceptibility to fracture caused by bone resorption. Aim of the Study. This study intended to evaluate the possible role of emdogain in combination with calcitonin on the healing of surgically induced mandibular defects performed on osteoporotic rats. Materials and Methods Forty healthy female white albino rats were included in this study and divided into four groups. In group I (negative control), 10 rats received a vehicle injection after which a unilateral mandibular defect was created in each rat of all groups. Three groups were subjected to induction of osteoporosis by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg/kg/day dexamethasone for 60 days. In group II, rats were kept without treatment. In group III, rats were treated with daily intramuscular injection of 2.5 IU/kg of synthetic salmon calcitonin. In group IV, rats were handled as group III, and the created cavity was filled with emdogain. Rats were euthanized at 2nd and 4th week postsurgically. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, NF-κB (nuclear factor of activated B cells), and immunohistochemical stains were used, followed by statistical analysis. Results Group I showed normal stages of bone defects healing. Group II revealed the formation of granulation tissue with dilated blood vessels, while groups III and IV showed enhanced bone healing and proper collagen fibers. The percentage area of newly formed collagen fibers was significantly higher in group IV at 2nd week (13.96 ± 0.020%) and 4th week (16.95 ± 0.024%) than in group II (8.75 ± 0.015% and 10.29 ± 0.015%, respectively) and group III (12.93 ± 0.015% and 14.61 ± 0.021%, respectively), but was lower than that in group I (15.75 ± 0.015% and 17.49 ± 0.015%, respectively). Conclusion The local application of emdogain combined with systemically injected calcitonin improves bone healing in surgically induced bone defects in osteoporotic rats.
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Cho SK, Sung YK. Update on Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:536-543. [PMID: 34107602 PMCID: PMC8258322 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are used to treat many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, an adverse systemic effect is a deleterious effect on bone, which may lead to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, characterized by a rapid and transient increase in bone resorption and fracture risk, which may increase rapidly within 3 months of commencing oral glucocorticoids. Therefore, early risk assessment and intervention are crucial for preventing fractures in patients receiving glucocorticoids. Recent practice guidelines recommend an assessment for fracture risk in patients beginning or receiving glucocorticoids for more than 3 months, and they have suggested fracture risk assessment tool values for identifying patients who need preventive treatment. Bisphosphonates are currently the recommended first-line therapy for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. These have been shown to increase the bone mineral density in the spine and hip and to decrease the incidence of vertebral fractures. Recently, a more potent antiresorptive agent, denosumab, has been shown to increase the bone density in patients receiving glucocorticoids. Teriparatide has been shown to have a preventive effect on vertebral fractures, but not on nonvertebral fractures. In this article we aimed to provide an update on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by focusing on the assessment of its risk and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
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Povoroznyuk VV, Dedukh NV, Bystrytska MA, Shapovalov VS. Bone remodeling stages under physiological conditions and glucocorticoid in excess: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a rationale for the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling stages under physiological conditions and glucocorticoids (GCs) in excess. Remodeling is a synchronous process involving bone resorption and formation, proceeding through stages of: (1) resting bone, (2) activation, (3) bone resorption, (4) reversal, (5) formation, (6) termination. Bone remodeling is strictly controlled by local and systemic regulatory signaling molecules. This review presents current data on the interaction of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone remodeling and defines the role of osteoprogenitor cells located above the resorption area in the form of canopies and populating resorption cavities. The signaling pathways of proliferation, differentiation, viability, and cell death during remodeling are presented. The study of signaling pathways is critical to understanding bone remodeling under normal and pathological conditions. The main signaling pathways that control bone resorption and formation are RANK / RANKL / OPG; M-CSF – c-FMS; canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways Wnt; Notch; MARK; TGFβ / SMAD; ephrinB1/ephrinB2 – EphB4, TNFα – TNFβ, and Bim – Bax/Bak. Cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, calcitonin, and estrogens also act as regulators of bone remodeling. The role of non-encoding microRNAs and long RNAs in the process of bone cell differentiation has been established. MicroRNAs affect many target genes, have both a repressive effect on bone formation and activate osteoblast differentiation in different ways. Excess of glucocorticoids negatively affects all stages of bone remodeling, disrupts molecular signaling, induces apoptosis of osteocytes and osteoblasts in different ways, and increases the life cycle of osteoclasts. Glucocorticoids disrupt the reversal stage, which is critical for the subsequent stages of remodeling. Negative effects of GCs on signaling molecules of the canonical Wingless (WNT)/β-catenin pathway and other signaling pathways impair osteoblastogenesis. Under the influence of excess glucocorticoids biosynthesis of biologically active growth factors is reduced, which leads to a decrease in the expression by osteoblasts of molecules that form the osteoid. Glucocorticoids stimulate the expression of mineralization inhibitor proteins, osteoid mineralization is delayed, which is accompanied by increased local matrix demineralization. Although many signaling pathways involved in bone resorption and formation have been discovered and described, the temporal and spatial mechanisms of their sequential turn-on and turn-off in cell proliferation and differentiation require additional research.
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Sordi MB, Curtarelli RB, da Silva IT, Fongaro G, Benfatti CAM, de Souza Magini R, Cabral da Cruz AC. Effect of dexamethasone as osteogenic supplementation in in vitro osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:1. [PMID: 33469820 PMCID: PMC7815568 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In in vitro culture systems, dexamethasone (DEX) has been applied with ascorbic acid (ASC) and β-glycerophosphate (βGLY) as culture media supplementation to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, there are some inconsistencies regarding the role of DEX as osteogenic media supplementation. Therefore, this study verified the influence of DEX culture media supplementation on the osteogenic differentiation, especially the capacity to mineralize the extracellular matrix of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Five groups were established: G1-SHED + Dulbecco's Modified Eagles' Medium (DMEM) + fetal bovine serum (FBS); G2-SHED + DMEM + FBS + DEX; G3-SHED + DMEM + FBS + ASC + βGLY; G4-SHED + DMEM + FBS + ASC + βGLY + DEX; G5-MC3T3-E1 + α Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) + FBS + ASC + βGLY. DNA content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, free calcium quantification in the extracellular medium, and extracellular matrix mineralization quantification through staining with von Kossa, alizarin red, and tetracycline were performed on days 7 and 21. Osteogenic media supplemented with ASC and β-GLY demonstrated similar effects on SHED in the presence or absence of DEX for DNA content (day 21) and capacity to mineralize the extracellular matrix according to alizarin red and tetracycline quantifications (day 21). In addition, the presence of DEX in the osteogenic medium promoted less ALP activity (day 7) and extracellular matrix mineralization according to the von Kossa assay (day 21), and more free calcium quantification at extracellular medium (day 21). In summary, the presence of DEX in the osteogenic media supplementation did not interfere with SHED commitment into mineral matrix depositor cells. We suggest that DEX may be omitted from culture media supplementation for SHED osteogenic differentiation in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Beatriz Sordi
- Center for Research on Dental Implants, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Henrique da Silva Fontes Avenue, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Raissa Borges Curtarelli
- Center for Research on Dental Implants, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Henrique da Silva Fontes Avenue, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Izabella Thaís da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Henrique da Silva Fontes Avenue, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Henrique da Silva Fontes Avenue, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Henrique da Silva Fontes Avenue, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Magalhães Benfatti
- Center for Research on Dental Implants, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Souza Magini
- Center for Research on Dental Implants, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz
- Center for Research on Dental Implants, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Henrique da Silva Fontes Avenue, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Zhang L, Li X, Ying T, Wang T, Fu F. The Use of Herbal Medicines for the Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:744647. [PMID: 34867788 PMCID: PMC8633877 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.744647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are drugs that are widely used to suppress inflammation and the activation of the immune system. However, the prolonged use or at high doses of glucocorticoid can result in adverse side effects including osteoporosis, bone loss, and an increased risk of fracture. A number of compounds derived from natural plant sources have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity by interacting with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), likely owing to their chemical similarity to glucocorticoids, or by regulating GR, without a concomitant risk of treatment-related side effects such as osteoporosis. Other herbal compounds can counteract the pathogenic processes underlying glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) by regulating homeostatic bone metabolic processes. Herein, we systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases to identify articles discussing such compounds published as of May 01, 2021. Compounds reported to exert anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid-like activity without inducing GIOP include escin, ginsenosides, and glycyrrhizic acid, while compounds reported to alleviate GIOP by improving osteoblast function or modulating steroid hormone synthesis include tanshinol and icariin.
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12
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Li X, Xu L, Nie H, Lei L. Dexamethasone-loaded β-cyclodextrin for osteogenic induction of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1125-1135. [PMID: 32981208 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) is a glucocorticoid commonly used as an in vitro osteogenic inducer of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (abbreviated MSCs). However, several studies investigating the effects of glucocorticoids on bone regeneration through systemic injections have demonstrated negative impacts of the drugs at high concentration on the healing of hard tissues. These contrasting evidences suggest that application of glucocorticoids should be limited to low dosages but at the same time a long enough treatment period is preferred, which prompted us to evaluate the effects of different local release systems of DEX on MSC differentiation and bone repair. Two types of DEX-loaded β-cyclodextrin (CD) complexes, including CD/DEX and CD/AD-DEX, were fabricated via host-guest interactions and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, MS-ESI, and UV-vis. The results demonstrated that these CD-based assemblies released DEX in differentiated profiles, with CD/DEX releasing significantly faster than CD/AD-DEX. Although CD/DEX were slightly more powerful than CD/AD-DEX in inducing rat bone marrow MSCs (rBMSCs) into osteogenic lineage in vitro, CD/AD-DEX was advantageous over CD/DEX in accelerating bone regeneration over a time period of 4 weeks in a rat tibia defect model. The results suggest that DEX-loaded assemblies via host-guest interactions are flexible in modulating DEX release patterns and have great potential in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Central South University Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Hemin Nie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Orthodontics, Central South University Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
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Schepper JD, Collins F, Rios-Arce ND, Kang HJ, Schaefer L, Gardinier JD, Raghuvanshi R, Quinn RA, Britton R, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Involvement of the Gut Microbiota and Barrier Function in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:801-820. [PMID: 31886921 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent immune-modulating drugs with significant side effects, including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). GCs directly induce osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis but also alter intestinal microbiota composition. Although the gut microbiota is known to contribute to the regulation of bone density, its role in GIO has never been examined. To test this, male C57/Bl6J mice were treated for 8 weeks with GC (prednisolone, GC-Tx) in the presence or absence of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment (ABX) to deplete the microbiota. Long-term ABX prevented GC-Tx-induced trabecular bone loss, showing the requirement of gut microbiota for GIO. Treatment of GC-Tx mice with a probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri [LR]) prevented trabecular bone loss. Microbiota analyses indicated that GC-Tx changed the abundance of Verrucomicobiales and Bacteriodales phyla and random forest analyses indicated significant differences in abundance of Porphyromonadaceae and Clostridiales operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between groups. Furthermore, transplantation of GC-Tx mouse fecal material into recipient naïve, untreated WT mice caused bone loss, supporting a functional role for microbiota in GIO. We also report that GC caused intestinal barrier breaks, as evidenced by increased serum endotoxin level (2.4-fold), that were prevented by LR and ABX treatments. Enhancement of barrier function with a mucus supplement prevented both GC-Tx-induced barrier leakage and trabecular GIO. In bone, treatment with ABX, LR or a mucus supplement reduced GC-Tx-induced osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis. GC-Tx suppression of Wnt10b in bone was restored by the LR and high-molecular-weight polymer (MDY) treatments as well as microbiota depletion. Finally, we identified that bone-specific Wnt10b overexpression prevented GIO. Taken together, our data highlight the previously unappreciated involvement of the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function in trabecular GIO pathogenesis (including Wnt10b suppression and osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis) and identify the gut as a novel therapeutic target for preventing GIO. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fraser Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ho Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ruma Raghuvanshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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14
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Zhao M, Anouz R, Groth T. Effect of microenvironment on adhesion and differentiation of murine C3H10T1/2 cells cultured on multilayers containing collagen I and glycosaminoglycans. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420940560. [PMID: 32728412 PMCID: PMC7366406 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420940560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer coating is a promising tool to control cellular behavior. Murine C3H10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts share many features with mesenchymal stem cells, which are good candidates for use in regenerative medicine. However, the interactions of C3H10T1/2 cells with polyelectrolyte multilayers have not been studied yet. Hence, the effect of molecular composition of biomimetic multilayers, by pairing collagen I (Col I) with either hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate, based primarily on ion pairing and on additional intrinsic cross-linking was studied regarding the adhesion and differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. It was found that the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells were more pronounced on chondroitin sulfate-based multilayers when cultured in the absence of osteogenic supplements, which corresponded to the significant larger amounts of Col I fibrils in these multilayers. By contrast, the staining of cartilage-specific matrixes was more intensive when cells were cultured on hyaluronic acid-based multilayers. Moreover, it is of note that a limited osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation were detected when cells were cultured in osteogenic or chondrogenic medium. Specifically, cells were largely differentiated into an adipogenic lineage when cultured in osteogenic medium or 100 ng mL-1 bone morphogenic protein 2, and it was more evident on the oxidized glycosaminoglycans-based multilayers, which corresponded also to the higher stiffness of cross-linked multilayers. Overall, polyelectrolyte multilayer composition and stiffness can be used to direct cell-matrix interactions, and hence the fate of C3H10T1/2 cells. However, these cells have a higher adipogenic potential than osteogenic or chondrogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Zhao
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy
Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Reema Anouz
- Department Biomedical Materials,
Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale),
Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials,
Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale),
Germany
- Laboratory of Biomedical
Nanotechnologies, Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov
First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials
Research, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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15
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Taylor AD, Saag KG. Anabolics in the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an evidence-based review of long-term safety, efficacy and place in therapy. CORE EVIDENCE 2019; 14:41-50. [PMID: 31692480 PMCID: PMC6711555 DOI: 10.2147/ce.s172820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is an underrecognized complication of chronic glucocorticoid therapy characterized by a decrease in new bone formation. Anabolic therapies, such as teriparatide, a recombinant human parathyroid hormone, combat the disease by promoting new bone growth. Aims This article outlines the pathophysiology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and details the evidence of efficacy, safety, and patterns of use of teriparatide and other future anabolic therapies. Evidence review In multiple clinical trials, teriparatide has been shown to significantly increase lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis when compared with placebo, alendronate, and risedronate. When compared with alendronate, significantly fewer vertebral fractures were noted in the teriparatide group. Adverse effects noted in clinical trials include nausea, insomnia, flushing, myalgias, and mild hypercalcemia/hyperuricemia. Early studies in rats noted an increased incidence of osteosarcoma; however, an increased rate beyond levels seen in general populations has not been noted in human studies or with long-term pharmacovigilance. Abaloparatide and romosozumab are newer anabolic therapies that have shown some benefit in postmenopausal osteoporosis but have not yet been studied in the chronic glucocorticoid population. Place in therapy Major specialty organizations continue to recommend bisphosphonates as first-line therapy in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis due to the proven benefit and relative affordability. However, the use of anabolics shows promise to improve outcomes by increasing BMD and reducing fracture-associated morbidity and mortality and has a role for selected populations at high fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Taylor
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kenneth G Saag
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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16
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Assessment of the Concentration of Bone Metabolism Markers: Sclerostin and FGF-23 in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Treated with Glucocorticosteroids. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:9698367. [PMID: 31354894 PMCID: PMC6636590 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9698367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recurring nature of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and steroid dependence imply a long-term treatment with glucocorticosteroids (GCSs), which increases the risk of bone metabolism disorders. The search for new markers of that process is essential. The aims of this study were to assess the concentrations of sclerostin (Scl) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) in the plasma of children with INS and compare Scl and FGF-23 to existing markers of bone metabolism, mainly parathyroid hormone (PTH). The study involved 70 children, 50 with INS and 20 healthy children. Patients with INS were divided into 4 groups depending on the number of relapses and applied therapy. Significantly higher concentrations of FGF-23 and Scl were found in all patient groups with INS compared to the control group, and increase in the concentrations of examined parameters depending on the number of NS relapses was showed. In patients from the group with numerous relapses, higher concentrations of FGF-23 and Scl in the relapse phase than those in the remission phase were found. We observed positive correlation in these proteins with parathyroid hormone. Positive correlation of FGF-23 and Scl in the examined group was noted. Children having relapsing INS treated with steroids have higher levels of Scl and FGF-23 that can indicate the bone metabolism disorders. The significance of these observations requires further research.
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17
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Zhang B, Li H, He L, Han Z, Zhou T, Zhi W, Lu X, Lu X, Weng J. Surface-decorated hydroxyapatite scaffold with on-demand delivery of dexamethasone and stromal cell derived factor-1 for enhanced osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 89:355-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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LncRNA expression profiling of BMSCs in osteonecrosis of the femoral head associated with increased adipogenic and decreased osteogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9127. [PMID: 29904151 PMCID: PMC6002551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical gene expression regulators and are involved in several bone diseases. To explore the potential roles of lncRNAs in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), we investigated for the first time the lncRNA expression profile of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from patients with steroid-induced ONFH (SONFH) with microarray and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 1878 lncRNAs and 838 mRNAs were significantly up-regulated while 1842 lncRNAs and 1937 mRNAs were statistically down-regulated in the SONFH group compared with control group. The results validated by qRT-PCR were consistent with the microarray profiling data, especially involved in upregulation and downregulation of critical lncRNAs as well as mRNAs expression related to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Pathway analyses revealed 40 signaling pathways with significant differences, especially the signaling pathways to regulate stem cell pluripotency. The CNC and ceRNA network indicated that lncRNA RP1-193H18.2, MALAT1 and HOTAIR were associated with abnormal osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the patients with SONFH. Our results suggest the lncRNA expression profiles were closely associated with the abnormal adipogenic and osteogenic transdifferentiation of BMSCs during the development of SONFH and explore a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of SONFH.
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19
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Zhao M, Li P, Xu H, Pan Q, Zeng R, Ma X, Li Z, Lin H. Dexamethasone-Activated MSCs Release MVs for Stimulating Osteogenic Response. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7231739. [PMID: 29760734 PMCID: PMC5926524 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7231739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular microvesicles (MVs) are attracting much attention because they are found to be the key paracrine mediator participating in tissue regeneration. Dexamethasone (DXM) is widely accepted as an important regulator in tailoring the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the effect of DXM on the paracrine signaling of MSCs remains unknown. To this point, we aimed to explore the role of DXM in regulating the paracrine activity of MSCs through evaluating the release and function of MSC-MVs, based on their physicochemical characteristics and support on osteogenic response. Results showed that DXM had no evident impact on the release of MSC-MVs but played a pivotal role in regulating the function of MSC-MVs. MVs obtained from the DXM-stimulated MSCs (DXM-MVs) increased MC3T3 cell proliferation and migration and upregulated Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteopontin (OPN) expression. The repair efficiency of DXM-MVs for femur defects was further investigated in an established rat model. It was found that DXM-MVs accelerated the healing process of bone formation in the defect area. Thus, we conclude that using DXM as stimuli to obtain functional MSCs-MVs could become a valuable tool for promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Zhao
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Peng Li
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Haijia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qunwen Pan
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhanghua Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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20
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Yang YJ, Zhu Z, Wang DT, Zhang XL, Liu YY, Lai WX, Mo YL, Li J, Liang YL, Hu ZQ, Yu YJ, Cui L. Tanshinol alleviates impaired bone formation by inhibiting adipogenesis via KLF15/PPARγ2 signaling in GIO rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:633-641. [PMID: 29323335 PMCID: PMC5888681 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is characterized by impaired bone formation, which can be alleviated by tanshinol, an aqueous polyphenol isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. In this study we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying GC-induced modulation of osteogenesis as well as the possibility of using tanshinol to interfere with GIO. Female SD rats aged 4 months were orally administered distilled water (Con), prednisone (GC, 5 mg·kg-1·d-1), GC plus tanshinol (Tan, 16 mg·kg-1·d-1) or GC plus resveratrol (Res, 5 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 14 weeks. After the rats were sacrificed, samples of bone tissues were collected. The changes in bone formation were assessed using Micro-CT, histomorphometry, and biomechanical assays. Expression of Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 2 (PPARγ 2) and other signaling proteins in skeletal tissue was measured with Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. GC treatment markedly increased the expression of KLF15, PPARγ2, C/EBPα and aP2, which were related to adipogenesis, upregulated FoxO3a pathway proteins (FoxO3a and Gadd45a), and suppressed the canonical Wnt signaling (β-catenin and Axin2), which was required for osteogenesis. Thus, GC significantly decreased bone mass and bone quality. Co-treatment with Tan or Res effectively counteracted GC-impaired bone formation, suppressed GC-induced adipogenesis, and restored abnormal expression of the signaling molecules in GIO rats. We conclude that tanshinol counteracts GC-decreased bone formation by inhibiting marrow adiposity via the KLF15/PPARγ2/FoxO3a/Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Dong-tao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xin-le Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yu-yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Wen-xiu Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yu-lin Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yan-long Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Zhuo-qing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yong-jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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21
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC), produced and released by the adrenal glands, regulate numerous physiological processes in a wide range of tissues. Because of their profound immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, GC are extensively used for the treatment of immune and inflammatory conditions, the management of organ transplantation, and as a component of chemotherapy regimens for cancers. However, both pathologic endogenous elevation and long-term use of exogenous GC are associated with severe adverse effects. In particular, excess GC has devastating effects on the musculoskeletal system. GC increase bone resorption and decrease formation leading to bone loss, microarchitectural deterioration and fracture. GC also induce loss of muscle mass and strength leading to an increased incidence of falls. The combined effects on bone and muscle account for the increased fracture risk with GC. This review summarizes the advance in knowledge in the last two decades about the mechanisms of action of GC in bone and muscle and the attempts to interfere with the damaging actions of GC in these tissues with the goal of developing more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
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22
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Hu P, Overby H, Heal E, Wang S, Chen J, Shen CL, Zhao L. Methylparaben and butylparaben alter multipotent mesenchymal stem cell fates towards adipocyte lineage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 329:48-57. [PMID: 28527915 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Paraben esters and their salts are widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and foods. We previously reported that parabens promoted adipocyte differentiation in vitro and increased adiposity but suppressed serum marker of bone formation in vivo. Here, we investigated the effects of parabens (methylparaben and butylparaben) on modulating cell fate of multipotent stem cell line C3H10T1/2. Both parabens modulated adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells in vitro. Butylparaben markedly promoted adipogenic differentiation, but suppressed osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation whereas methylparaben showed similar but less pronounced effects. Moreover, butylparaben, but not methylparaben, was shown to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ whereas neither of the paraben was shown to activate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) responsive reporter in C3H10T1/2 cells. The adipogenic effects of butylparaben were significantly attenuated by PPARγ knockdown, but not by GR knockdown. In contrast, paraben's effects on osteoblast differentiation were affected by both knockdowns. Collectively, the results demonstrate opposing effects of parabens on adipogenic and osteoblastogenic/chondrogenic differentiation of multipotent stem cells. In light of the recent findings that parabens are detected in human placenta and milk, our studies provide rationales to study paraben exposure during early development of life in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Haley Overby
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Emily Heal
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
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23
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Beier EE, Sheu TJ, Resseguie EA, Takahata M, Awad HA, Cory-Slechta DA, Puzas JE. Sclerostin activity plays a key role in the negative effect of glucocorticoid signaling on osteoblast function in mice. Bone Res 2017; 5:17013. [PMID: 28529816 PMCID: PMC5422922 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress during prenatal development is correlated with detrimental cognitive and behavioral outcomes in offspring. However, the long-term impact of prenatal stress (PS) and disrupted glucocorticoid signaling on bone mass and strength is not understood. In contrast, the detrimental effect of lead (Pb) on skeletal health is well documented. As stress and Pb act on common biological targets via glucocorticoid signaling pathways and co-occur in the environment, this study first sought to assess the combined effect of stress and Pb on bone quality in association with alterations in glucocorticoid signaling. Bone parameters were evaluated using microCT, histomorphometry, and strength determination in 8-month-old male mouse offspring subjected to PS on gestational days 16 and 17, lifetime Pb exposure (100 p.p.m. Pb in drinking water), or to both. Pb reduced trabecular bone mass and, when combined with PS, Pb unmasked an exaggerated decrement in bone mass and tensile strength. Next, to characterize a mechanism of glucocorticoid effect on bone, prednisolone was implanted subcutaneously (controlled-release pellet, 5 mg·kg-1 per day) in 5-month-old mice that decreased osteoblastic activity and increased sclerostin and leptin levels. Furthermore, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone alters the anabolic Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt pathway inhibitor sclerostin has several glucocorticoid response elements, and dexamethasone administration to osteoblastic cells induces sclerostin expression. Dexamethasone treatment of isolated bone marrow cells decreased bone nodule formation, whereas removal of sclerostin protected against this decrement in mineralization. Collectively, these findings suggest that bone loss associated with steroid-induced osteoporosis is a consequence of sclerostin-mediated restriction of Wnt signaling, which may mechanistically facilitate glucocorticoid toxicity in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Beier
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tzong-Jen Sheu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily A Resseguie
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Edward Puzas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Trabecular Bone Score Reflects Trabecular Microarchitecture Deterioration and Fragility Fracture in Female Adult Patients Receiving Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Pre-Post Controlled Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4210217. [PMID: 28127556 PMCID: PMC5239831 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4210217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed diagnostic tool, trabecular bone score (TBS), can provide quality of trabecular microarchitecture based on images obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Since patients receiving glucocorticoid are at a higher risk of developing secondary osteoporosis, assessment of bone microarchitecture may be used to evaluate risk of fragility fractures of osteoporosis. In this pre-post study of female patients, TBS and fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) adjusted with TBS (T-FRAX) were evaluated along with bone mineral density (BMD) and FRAX. Medical records of patients with (n = 30) and without (n = 16) glucocorticoid treatment were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had undergone DXA twice within a 12- to 24-month interval. Analysis of covariance was conducted to compare the outcomes between the two groups of patients, adjusting for age and baseline values. Results showed that a significant lower adjusted mean of TBS (p = 0.035) and a significant higher adjusted mean of T-FRAX for major osteoporotic fracture (p = 0.006) were observed in the glucocorticoid group. Conversely, no significant differences were observed in the adjusted means for BMD and FRAX. These findings suggested that TBS and T-FRAX could be used as an adjunct in the evaluation of risk of fragility fractures in patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy.
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25
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Rimando MG, Wu HH, Liu YA, Lee CW, Kuo SW, Lo YP, Tseng KF, Liu YS, Lee OKS. Glucocorticoid receptor and Histone deacetylase 6 mediate the differential effect of dexamethasone during osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Sci Rep 2016; 6:37371. [PMID: 27901049 PMCID: PMC5128810 DOI: 10.1038/srep37371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage commitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts in vitro is enhanced by a potent synthetic form of glucocorticoid (GC), dexamethasone (Dex). Paradoxically, when used chronically in patients, GCs exert negative effects on bone, a phenomenon known as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in clinical practice. The mechanism on how GC differentially affects bone precursor cells to become mature osteoblasts during osteogenesis remains elusive. In this study, the dose and temporal regulation of Dex on MSC differentiation into osteoblasts were investigated. We found that continuous Dex treatment led to a net reduction of the maturation potential of differentiating osteoblasts. This phenomenon correlated with a decrease in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, hastened degradation, and impaired sub cellular localization. Similarly, Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression was found to be regulated by Dex, co-localized with GR and this GR-HDAC6 complex occupied the promoter region of the osteoblast late marker osteocalcin (OCN). Combinatorial inhibition of HDAC6 and GR enhanced OCN expression. Together, the cross-talk between the Dex effector molecule GR and the inhibitory molecule HDAC6 provided mechanistic explanation of the bimodal effect of Dex during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These findings may provide new directions of research to combat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn G Rimando
- Molecular Medicine Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ping Lo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Fung Tseng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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Teng S, Liu C, Guenther D, Omar M, Neunaber C, Krettek C, Jagodzinski M. Influence of biomechanical and biochemical stimulation on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells seeded on polyurethane scaffolds. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2086-2094. [PMID: 27284290 PMCID: PMC4888012 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to compare the effects of cyclic compression, perfusion, dexamethasone (DEX) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on the proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) in polyurethane scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor. Polyurethane scaffolds seeded with hBMSCs were cultured under six different conditions, as follows: 10% Cyclic compression at 0.5 and 5 Hz; 10 ml/min perfusion; 100 nM DEX; 100 ng/ml BMP-7; and 1 ml/min perfusion without mechanical and biochemical stimulation (control). On days 7 and 14, samples were tested for the following data: Cell proliferation; mRNA expression of Runx2, COL1A1 and osteocalcin; osteocalcin content; calcium deposition; and the equilibrium modulus of the tissue specimen. The results indicated that BMP-7 and 10 ml/min perfusion promoted cell proliferation, which was inhibited by 5 Hz cyclic compression and DEX. On day 7, the 5 Hz cyclic compression inhibited Runx2 expression, whereas the 0.5 Hz cyclic compression and BMP-7 upregulated the COL1A1 mRNA levels on day 7 and enhanced the osteocalcin expression on day 14. The DEX-treated hBMSCs exhibited downregulated osteocalcin expression. After 14 days, the BMP-7 group exhibited the highest calcium deposition, followed by the 0.5 Hz cyclic compression and the DEX groups. The equilibrium modulus of the engineered constructs significantly increased in the BMP-7, 0.5 Hz cyclic compression and DEX groups. In conclusion, the present results suggest that BMP-7 and perfusion enhance cell proliferation, whereas high frequency cyclic compression inhibits the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Low frequency cyclic compression is more effective than DEX, but less effective compared with BMP-7 on the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs seeded on polyurethane scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Guenther
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohamed Omar
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Krettek
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Jagodzinski
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Lee DS, Choi H, Han BS, Kim WK, Lee SC, Oh KJ, Bae KH. c-Jun regulates adipocyte differentiation via the KLF15-mediated mode. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:552-8. [PMID: 26692489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal adipocyte differentiation is implicated in the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type II diabetes. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with adipocyte differentiation is the first step in overcoming obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Here, we examined the role of c-Jun as a transcription factor in adipocyte differentiation. c-Jun overexpression in murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation. In addition, the expression level of KLF15, an upstream effector of the key adipogenic factors C/EBPα and PPARγ, was decreased upon the ectopic expression of c-Jun. We found that c-Jun inhibited basal and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-induced promoter activities of KLF15. c-Jun directly bound near the glucocorticoid response element (GRE) sites in the KLF15 promoter and inhibited adjacent promoter occupancies of GR. Furthermore, the restoration of KLF15 expression in 3T3-L1 cells with the stable ectopic expression of c-Jun partially rescued adipocyte differentiation. Our results demonstrate that c-Jun can suppress adipocyte differentiation through the down-regulation of KLF15 at the transcriptional level. This study proposes a novel mechanism by which c-Jun regulates adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Choi
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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Achiou Z, Toumi H, Touvier J, Boudenot A, Uzbekov R, Ominsky MS, Pallu S, Lespessailles E. Sclerostin antibody and interval treadmill training effects in a rodent model of glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia. Bone 2015; 81:691-701. [PMID: 26409255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have a beneficial anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect, but their use is associated with decreased bone formation, bone mass and bone quality, resulting in an elevated fracture risk. Exercise and sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) administration have both been shown to increase bone formation and bone mass, therefore the ability of these treatments to inhibit glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia alone or in combination were assessed in a rodent model. Adult (4 months-old) male Wistar rats were allocated to a control group (C) or one of 4 groups injected subcutaneously with methylprednisolone (5mg/kg/day, 5 days/week). Methylprednisolone treated rats were injected subcutaneously 2 days/week with vehicle (M) or Scl-Ab-VI (M+S: 25mg/kg/day) and were submitted or not to treadmill interval training exercise (1h/day, 5 days/week) for 9 weeks (M+E, M+E+S). Methylprednisolone treatment increased % fat mass and % apoptotic osteocytes, reduced whole body and femoral bone mineral content (BMC), reduced femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and osteocyte lacunae occupancy. This effect was associated with lower trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) at the distal femur. Exercise increased BV/TV, osteocyte lacunae occupancy, while reducing fat mass, the bone resorption marker NTx, and osteocyte apoptosis. Exercise did not affect BMC or cortical microarchitectural parameters. Scl-Ab increased the bone formation marker osteocalcin and prevented the deleterious effects of M on bone mass, further increasing BMC, BMD and BV/TV to levels above the C group. Scl-Ab increased femoral cortical bone parameters at distal part and midshaft. Scl-Ab prevented the decrease in osteocyte lacunae occupancy and the increase in osteocyte apoptosis induced by M. The addition of exercise to Scl-Ab treatment did not result in additional improvements in bone mass or bone strength parameters. These data suggest that although our exercise regimen did prevent some of the bone deleterious effects of glucocorticoid treatment, particularly in trabecular bone volume and osteocyte apoptosis, Scl-Ab treatment resulted in marked improvements in bone mass across the skeleton and in osteocyte viability, resulting in decreased bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Achiou
- EA4708 I3MTO, Orleans Regional Hospital, University of Orleans, Orleans, France.
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- EA4708 I3MTO, Orleans Regional Hospital, University of Orleans, Orleans, France.
| | - Jérome Touvier
- EA4708 I3MTO, Orleans Regional Hospital, University of Orleans, Orleans, France.
| | - Arnaud Boudenot
- EA4708 I3MTO, Orleans Regional Hospital, University of Orleans, Orleans, France.
| | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Department of Microscopy, University of François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Michael S Ominsky
- Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks 91320, CA, USA.
| | - Stéphane Pallu
- EA4708 I3MTO, Orleans Regional Hospital, University of Orleans, Orleans, France.
| | - Eric Lespessailles
- EA4708 I3MTO, Orleans Regional Hospital, University of Orleans, Orleans, France.
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Mikami Y, Yamamoto K, Akiyama Y, Kobayashi M, Watanabe E, Watanabe N, Asano M, Shimizu N, Komiyama K. Osteogenic gene transcription is regulated via gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:214-27. [PMID: 25137151 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical study of cell-cell communications between murine osteoblast-like MLO-A5 cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-like C3H10T1/2 cells was performed. C3H10T1/2 cells expressing green fluorescent protein (10T-GFP cells) were generated to enable the isolation of the BMSC-like cells from co-cultures with MLO-A5 cells. The mRNA expression levels of several osteogenic transcription factors (Runx2, Osterix, Dlx5, and Msx2) did not differ between the co-cultured and mono-cultured 10T-GFP cells, but those of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were 300- to 400-fold higher in the co-cultured cells. Patch clamp and biocytin transfer assays revealed gap junction-mediated communication between co-cultured 10T-GFP and MLO-A5 cells. The addition of a gap junction inhibitor suppressed the increases in the expression levels of the ALP and BSP mRNAs in co-cultured 10T-GFP cells. Furthermore, the histone acetylation levels were higher in co-cultured 10T-GFP cells than in mono-cultured 10T-GFP cells. These results suggest that osteoblasts and BMSCs associate via gap junctions, and that gap junction-mediated signaling induces histone acetylation that leads to elevated transcription of the genes encoding ALP and BSP in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Mikami
- 1 Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry , Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Wei J, Xu M, Zhang X, Meng S, Wang Y, Zhou T, Ma Q, Han B, Wei Y, Deng X. Enhanced Osteogenic Behavior of ADSCs Produced by Deproteinized Antler Cancellous Bone and Evidence for Involvement of ERK Signaling Pathway. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1810-1821. [PMID: 25760375 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcinated antler cancellous bone (CACB) is useful in repair of bone defects, as its composition and architecture is analogous to natural extracellular bone matrix. The use of CACB scaffolds with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in repair of rabbit mandibular bone defects was investigated along with the underlying molecular signaling pathways involved. CACB promoted the adhesion, spreading, and viability of ADSCs. Increased extracellular matrix production and expression of osteogenic markers in ADSCs were observed when seeded in CACB. The temporal kinetics of mRNA expression of ADSCs cultured in CACB lagged in comparison with that observed in cells grown in medium with osteogenic supplements. Activation of the extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK) 1/2 and RUNX-2 in CACB-cultured ADSCs was observed, and this activation was attenuated by the MeK inhibitor U0126. Microcomputed tomography scanning analysis and histological evaluations showed that loading the CACB with ADSCs resulted in enhanced new bone formation and angiogenesis when the composites were implanted in rabbit mandibular defects. These results indicated that the osteogenic behavior of ADSCs might be driven by the microenvironment formed by CACB via the ERK signaling pathway. These CACB/ADSCs composites have promising therapeutic potential for large bone defect repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Wei
- 1Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- 2First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Xu
- 1Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- 1Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- 3Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Meng
- 1Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- 4Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuanfeng Zhou
- 2First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ma
- 1Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- 5Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wei
- 1Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- 1Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- 6National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kenanidis E, Potoupnis ME, Kakoulidis P, Leonidou A, Sakellariou GT, Sayegh FE, Tsiridis E. Management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: clinical data in relation to disease demographics, bone mineral density and fracture risk. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:1035-53. [PMID: 25952267 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis. Patient selection and the treatment choice remain to be controversial. None of the proposed management guidelines are widely accepted. We evaluate the available clinical data, the efficacy of current medication and we propose an overall algorithm for managing GIOP. AREAS COVERED This article provides a critical review of in vivo and clinical evidence regarding GIOP and developing evidence-based algorithm of treatment. Data base used includes MEDLINE® (1950 to May 2014). EXPERT OPINION Patient-specific treatment is the gold standard of care. Glucocorticoid (GC)-treated patients must comply with a healthy lifestyle and receive 1000 mg of calcium and at least 800 mg of Vitamin D daily. Bisphosphonate (BP) therapy is the current standard of care for prevention and treatment of GIOP. Most of bisphosphonates demonstrated benefit in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and some in hip BMD. Alendronate, risedronate and zoledronate showed vertebral anti-fracture efficacy in postmenopausal women and men. Scarce data however when compared head to head with BP efficacy. In post-menopausal women, early antiresorptive BP treatment appears to be efficient and safe. In premenopausal women and patients at high risk of fracture receiving long-term GC therapy however, teriparitide may be advised alternatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustathios Kenanidis
- Aristotle University Medical School, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki , Greece
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32
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Bellan M, Pirisi M, Sainaghi PP. Osteoporose na artrite reumatoide: papel do sistema vitamina D/hormônio paratireóideo. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2015; 55:256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Briot K, Roux C. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. RMD Open 2015; 1:e000014. [PMID: 26509049 PMCID: PMC4613168 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2014-000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis and the first cause in young people. Bone loss and increased rate of fractures occur early after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy, and are then related to dosage and treatment duration. The increase in fracture risk is not fully assessed by bone mineral density measurements, as it is also related to alteration of bone quality and increased risk of falls. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a treat-to-target strategy focusing on low disease activity including through the use of low dose of prednisone, is a key determinant of bone loss prevention. Bone loss magnitude is variable and there is no clearly identified predictor of the individual risk of fracture. Prevention or treatment of osteoporosis should be considered in all patients who receive prednisone. Bisphosphonates and the anabolic agent parathyroid hormone (1-34) have shown their efficacy in the treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Recent international guidelines are available and should guide management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, which remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Duration of antiosteoporotic treatment should be discussed at the individual level, depending on the subject's characteristics and on the underlying inflammation evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Briot
- Department of Rheumatology , Research Center, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cochin Hospital, INSERM U1153, Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
| | - Christian Roux
- Department of Rheumatology , Research Center, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cochin Hospital, INSERM U1153, Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
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Ghali O, Broux O, Falgayrac G, Haren N, van Leeuwen JPTM, Penel G, Hardouin P, Chauveau C. Dexamethasone in osteogenic medium strongly induces adipocyte differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells and increases osteoblast differentiation. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:9. [PMID: 25887471 PMCID: PMC4359404 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common mesenchymal stem cell origin. Therefore, it has been suggested that the accumulation of marrow adipocytes observed in bone loss is caused by a shift in the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells from the osteogenic pathway to the adipogenic pathway. Supporting this hypothesis the competition between adipogenic and osteogenic lineages was widely demonstrated on partially homogeneous cell populations. However, some data from mouse models showed the existence of an independent relationship between bone mineral content and bone marrow adiposity. Therefore, the combination of adipogenesis and osteogenesis in primary culture would be helpful to determine if this competition would be observed on a whole bone marrow stromal cell population in a culture medium allowing both lineages. In this aim, mouse bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in a standard osteogenic medium added with different concentrations of Dexamethasone, known to be an important regulator of mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation. RESULTS Gene expression of osteoblast and adipocyte markers, biochemical and physical analyses demonstrated the presence of both cell types when Dexamethasone was used at 100 nM. Overall, our data showed that in this co-differentiation medium both differentiation lineages were enhanced compared to classical adipogenic or osteogenic culture medium. This suggests that in this model, adipocyte phenotype does not seem to increase at the expense of the osteoblast lineage. CONCLUSION This model appears to be a promising tool to study osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation capabilities and the interactions between these two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Ghali
- Lille2-ULCO, PMOI, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Odile Broux
- Lille2-ULCO, PMOI, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Chauveau
- Lille2-ULCO, PMOI, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. .,PMOI, ULCO, Boulevard Napoléon, BP 120, 62327, Boulogne-sur-mer, Cedex, France.
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35
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Tsukinowa T, Onodera S, Yoshizawa Y, Saito A, Muramatsu T, Furusawa M, Azuma T. Synergistic and Mutual Antagonistic Regulations of Wnt Inhibitors Play an Important Role in Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsukinowa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Yuusei Yoshizawa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Akiko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Masahiro Furusawa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
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Felthaus O, Gosau M, Klein S, Prantl L, Reichert TE, Schmalz G, Morsczeck C. Dexamethasone-related osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells depends on ZBTB16 but not Runx2. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:695-705. [PMID: 24816988 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) can be artificially differentiated into mineralizing cells. With a dexamethasone-based differentiation protocol, transcription factors ZBTB16 and NR4A3 are highly upregulated but Runx2 and other osteogenic marker genes are not. Previous studies have suggested the involvement of a Runx2-independent differentiation pathway. The objective of this study is to further elucidate this mechanism. Differentiation of DFCs was examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity measurement, by Alizarin Red S staining and by real-time reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction. ZBTB16 was overexpressed by using a transient transfection method. Resulting genome-wide gene expression changes were assessed by microarray. ZBTB16 and Runx2 were inhibited by short interfering RNA transfection. Promoter binding of ZBTB16 was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Downregulation of Runx2 had no effect on dexamethasone-induced differentiation but was effective on BMP2-induced differentiation. Downregulation of ZBTB16, however, impaired dexamethasone-induced differentiation. Genes that were upregulated by dexamethasone induction were also upregulated by ZBTB16 overexpression. Genes that were not upregulated during dexamethasone-induced differentiation were also not regulated by ZBTB16 overexpression. ZBTB16 bound directly to the promoter regions of osterix and NR4A3 but not that of Runx2. Overexpression of ZBTB16 led to changes in the gene expression profile, whereby upregulated genes were overrepresented in osteogenesis-associated biological processes. Our findings suggest that, in DFCs, a Runx2-independent differentiation mechanism exists that is regulated by ZBTB16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Hajifathali A, Saba F, Atashi A, Soleimani M, Mortaz E, Rasekhi M. The role of catecholamines in mesenchymal stem cell fate. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:651-65. [PMID: 25173883 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells found in many adult tissues, especially bone marrow (BM) and are capable of differentiation into various lineage cells such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes. Moreover, MSCs can be mobilized from connective tissue into circulation and from there to damaged sites to contribute to regeneration processes. MSCs commitment and differentiation are controlled by complex activities involving signal transduction through cytokines and catecholamines. There has been an increasing interest in recent years in the neural system, functioning in the support of stem cells like MSCs. Recent efforts have indicated that the catecholamine released from neural and not neural cells could be affected characteristics of MSCs. However, there have not been review studies of most aspects involved in catecholamines-mediated functions of MSCs. Thus, in this review paper, we will try to describe the current state of catecholamines in MSCs destination and discuss strategies being used for catecholamines for migration of these cells to damaged tissues. Then, the role of the nervous system in the induction of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis and myogenesis from MSCs is discussed. Recent progress in studies of signaling transduction of catecholamines in determination of the final fate of MSCs is highlighted. Hence, the knowledge of interaction between MSCs with the neural system could be applied towards the development of new diagnostic and treatment alternatives for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Hajifathali
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Song M, Zhao D, Wei S, Liu C, Liu Y, Wang B, Zhao W, Yang K, Yang Y, Wu H. The effect of electromagnetic fields on the proliferation and the osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells modulated by dexamethasone. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 35:479-90. [PMID: 25145543 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Song
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Wenchun Zhao
- Navy University of Engineering; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Kaixiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
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Naito M, Mikami Y, Takagi M, Takahashi T. Up-regulation of Axin2 by dexamethasone promotes adipocyte differentiation in ROB-C26 mesenchymal progenitor cells. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:761-70. [PMID: 23996200 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex) regulates osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation in mesenchymal progenitor cells through regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of Dex, we examine the expression of Axin2, which is an intracellular inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, in ROB-C26 clonal mesenchymal progenitor cells (C26). We observed the induction of Axin2 mRNA in C26 cells in response to Dex treatment. Treatment with a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, mifepristone, showed that Dex-induced up-regulation of Axin2 is mediated by the GR. In the absence of Dex, gene silencing by using Axin2-targeted short hairpin RNA increased the number of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive and nuclear β-catenin-positive cells and ALP activity. In the presence of Dex, Axin2 knockdown resulted in an increased number of ALP-positive and nuclear β-catenin-positive cells. Furthermore, Axin2 knockdown in Dex-treated cells suppressed adipocyte differentiation (as determined by reduced Oil Red O staining), reduced the number of PPARγ-positive and aP2-positive cells and decreased the mRNA expression of PPARγ2 and aP2. These results suggest that Axin2 plays a key role in adipocyte and osteoblastic differentiation by controlling β-catenin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan,
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Yao W, Dai W, Jiang JX, Lane NE. Glucocorticoids and osteocyte autophagy. Bone 2013; 54:279-84. [PMID: 23356984 PMCID: PMC3784314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are used for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While they are effective therapy, bone loss and incident fracture risk are high. While previous studies have found GC effects on both osteoclasts and osteoblasts, our work has focused on the effects of GCs on osteocytes. Osteocytes exposed to low dose GCs undergo autophagy while osteocytes exposed to high doses of GCs or for a prolonged period of time undergo apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Davis Medical Center Sacramento, CA 95818, USA
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Wu Z, Wang S. Role of kruppel-like transcription factors in adipogenesis. Dev Biol 2012; 373:235-43. [PMID: 23142072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-finger transcription factors of the kruppel-like factor family (KLF) are critical in many physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recently, there is increasing evidence that suggests these KLFs have an important role in fat biology. This review summarizes the role of KLFs in lipid metabolism, especially in adipogenesis, and reveals the relationship networks among members of KLF family in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Tsubaki M, Satou T, Itoh T, Imano M, Yanae M, Kato C, Takagoshi R, Komai M, Nishida S. Bisphosphonate- and statin-induced enhancement of OPG expression and inhibition of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL expressions via inhibition of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway and activation of p38MAPK in mouse bone marrow stromal cell line ST2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 361:219-31. [PMID: 22579611 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation is influenced by receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and CD9, which are expressed on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts. In addition, osteoprotegerin (OPG) is known as an osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. In this study, we investigated whether bisphosphonates and statins increase OPG expression and inhibit the expression of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL in the bone marrow-derived stromal cell line ST2. We found that bisphosphonates and statins enhanced OPG mRNA expression and inhibited the expression of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL mRNA. Futhermore, bisphosphonates and statins decreased the membrane localization of Ras and phosphorylated ERK1/2, and activated the p38MAPK. This indicates that bisphosphonates and statins enhanced OPG expression, and inhibited the expression of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL through blocking the Ras/ERK pathway and activating p38MAPK. Accordingly, we believe that its clinical applications will be investigated in the future for the development of osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
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Fraser LA, Adachi JD. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: treatment update and review. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2012; 1:71-85. [PMID: 22870429 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x09343729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a serious consequence of glucocorticoid therapy leading to fractures in 30-50% of patients. A wide range of protective medications have been studied in this condition including calcium, vitamin D, vitamin D analogs, oral and intravenous bisphosphonates, sex hormones, anabolic agents and calcitonin. The mechanism of action, and evidence for these therapies, are reviewed - focusing on important trials and new evidence. Recently published guidelines are also reviewed and compared. Bisphosphonates are currently the recommended first-line therapy for the prevention and treatment of GIO. They have been shown to increase bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and hip and to decrease the incidence of vertebral fractures (especially in postmenopausal women). Testosterone therapy and female hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been found to increase lumbar spine BMD in hypogonadal patients on glucocorticoid therapy, but effects on hip BMD have not been consistent and there is no fracture data in the GIO population. Similarly, calcitonin increases lumbar spine BMD but has no proven fracture efficacy. The effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators, the oral contraceptive pill and strontium on GIO is relatively unknown. Parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) and zoledronic acid have emerged as exciting new options for the treatment of GIO. Both therapies have been found to result in gains in BMD at the spine and hip that are either noninferior or superior to those seen with oral bisphosphonate therapy. PTH 1-34 has also been found to decrease the incidence of new vertebral fractures and may be an option in high-risk patients established on long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Ann Fraser
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by dexamethasone promotes adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal progenitor cells, ROB-C26. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:833-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-1007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Moutsatsou P, Kassi E, Papavassiliou AG. Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in bone cells. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:348-59. [PMID: 22578718 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are used for treating a wide range of diseases including inflammation and autoimmune disorders. However, there are drawbacks, primarily due to adverse effects on bone cells resulting in osteoporosis. Evidence indicates that the ratio of benefits to adverse effects depends greatly on glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated mechanisms. Delineating GR-mediated signaling in bone cells will allow development of selective GR ligands/agonists (SEGRAs), which would dissociate the positive therapeutic (anti-inflammatory) effects from the negative effects on the skeleton. The present review provides an in-depth account of the current knowledge of GR-mediated transcriptional regulation of specific genes and proteins engaged in the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts). We hope this knowledge will advance research in the development of SEGRAs with improved benefit/risk ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Salvianolic acid B prevents bone loss in prednisone-treated rats through stimulation of osteogenesis and bone marrow angiogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34647. [PMID: 22493705 PMCID: PMC3321026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) induced osteoporosis (GIO) is caused by the long-term use of GC for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The GC related disruption of bone marrow microcirculation and increased adipogenesis contribute to GIO development. However, neither currently available anti-osteoporosis agent is completely addressed to microcirculation and bone marrow adipogenesis. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is a polyphenolic compound from a Chinese herbal medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Sal B on osteoblast bone formation, angiogenesis and adipogenesis-associated GIO by performing marrow adipogenesis and microcirculation dilation and bone histomorphometry analyses. (1) In vivo study: Bone loss in GC treated rats was confirmed by significantly decreased BMD, bone strength, cancellous bone mass and architecture, osteoblast distribution, bone formation, marrow microvessel density and diameter along with down-regulation of marrow BMPs expression and increased adipogenesis. Daily treatment with Sal B (40 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks in GC male rats prevented GC-induced cancellous bone loss and increased adipogenesis while increasing cancellous bone formation rate with improved local microcirculation by capillary dilation. Treatment with Sal B at a higher dose (80 mg/kg/d) not only prevented GC-induced osteopenia, but also increased cancellous bone mass and thickness, associated with increase of marrow BMPs expression, inhibited adipogenesis and further increased microvessel diameters. (2) In vitro study: In concentration from 10−6 mol/L to 10−7 mol/L, Sal B stimulated bone marrow stromal cell (MSC) differentiation to osteoblast and increased osteoblast activities, decreased GC associated adipogenic differentiation by down-regulation of PPARγ mRNA expression, increased Runx2 mRNA expression without osteoblast inducement, and, furthermore, Sal B decreased Dickkopf-1 and increased β-catenin mRNA expression with or without adipocyte inducement in MSC. We conclude that Sal B prevented bone loss in GC-treated rats through stimulation of osteogenesis, bone marrow angiogenesis and inhibition of adipogenesis.
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Naito M, Omoteyama K, Mikami Y, Takagi M, Takahashi T. Suppression of lamin A/C by short hairpin RNAs promotes adipocyte lineage commitment in mesenchymal progenitor cell line, ROB-C26. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 137:235-47. [PMID: 22119912 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lamin A/C gene encodes a nuclear membrane protein, and mutations in this gene are associated with diverse degenerative diseases that are linked to premature aging. While lamin A/C is involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, the distinct expression patterns are poorly understood in the mesenchymal cells differentiating into adipocytes. Here, we examined the expression of lamin A/C in a rat mesenchymal progenitor cell-line, ROB-C26 (C26). Immunocytochemical analysis showed that lamin A/C was transiently down-regulated in immature adipocytes, but its expression increased with terminal differentiation. To elucidate the role of lamin A/C expression on mesenchymal cell differentiation, lamin A/C expression was suppressed using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules in C26 cells. In the absence of adipogenic stimuli, lamin A/C shRNA decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, but induced preadipocyte factor -1 (Pref-1) mRNA expression. In the presence of adipogenic stimuli, lamin A/C knockdown promotes adipocytes differentiation, as assessed by the detection of an increase in Oil Red O staining. RT-PCR analysis showed that lamin A/C shRNA resulted in increased mRNA expression of PPARγ2 and aP2 during adipocyte differentiation. These results suggest that decreased lamin A/C expression levels not only suppress osteoblast phenotypes but also promote adipocyte differentiation in C26 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ho STB, Tanavde VM, Hui JH, Lee EH. Upregulation of Adipogenesis and Chondrogenesis in MSC Serum-Free Culture. CELL MEDICINE 2011; 2:27-41. [PMID: 26998400 DOI: 10.3727/215517911x575984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Serum-free media have been shown to be effective in the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the effects may go beyond cell expansion as the differentiation potentials of the cells may be modified, thus influencing their efficacy for downstream applications. The latter is poorly understood, and this has prompted an evaluation of the influence of a serum-free formulation on the chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic potential of MSCs. The media consisted of Knockout™ Serum Replacement (KSR) with a cocktail of growth factors coupled with either collagen or fibronectin coatings. Collagen coating was selected as it promoted consistent cellular attachment. When compared against fetal bovine serum (FBS) controls, cell proliferation in the serum-free media was enhanced at passage 1. Similar levels of surface markers were observed in the two groups with a slight reduction in CD90 and CD73 in the serum-free culture at passage 3. The cultures were screened under differentiation conditions and a better maintenance of the chondrogenic potential was noted in the serum-free media with higher expressions of glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen II. Chondrogenesis was deficient in the FBS group and this was attributed to the inherent inconsistency of animal serum. Adipogenesis was enhanced in the serum-free group with a higher PPARG expression and lipid accumulation. Similar levels of osteogenic mineralization was noted in the FBS and serum-free groups but collagen I gene expression was suppressed in the latter. This was initially observed during expansion. These observations were attributed to the signaling cascades triggered by the cytokines presented in the serum-free formulation and the interaction with the collagen substrate. The serum-free media helps to maintain and enhance the chondrogenic and adipogenic potentials of the MSCs, respectively. This advantage can be exploited for therapeutic applications in cartilage and adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saey Tuan Barnabas Ho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore , 119074 Singapore
| | - Vivek Madhukar Tanavde
- † Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , 138671 Singapore
| | - James Hoi Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore , 119074 Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore , 119074 Singapore
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Lane NE, Yao W. New insights into the biology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1138/20110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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