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Lin JY, Tsai BCK, Kao HC, Chiang CY, Chen YA, Chen WST, Ho TJ, Yao CH, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Neuroprotective Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 in the Hippocampus of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1287-1297. [PMID: 36044175 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-related brain complications have been reported in clinical patients and experimental models. The objective of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, three different groups, namely control group, STZ-induced (55 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally) diabetic rats (DM), and DM rats treated with Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 (1 × 109 CFU/rat/day), were utilized to study the protective effect of GMNL-263 in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The results demonstrated that GMNL-263 attenuated diabetes-induced hippocampal damage by enhancing the cell survival pathways and repressing both inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Histopathological analysis revealed that GMNL-263 prevented structural changes in the hippocampus in the DM group and decreased the level of inflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of DM rats. The IGF1R cell survival signaling pathway also improved after GMNL-263 treatment. These results indicate that probiotic GMNL-263 exerts beneficial effects in the brain of diabetic rats and has potential ability for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Kao
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chiang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yun-An Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - William Shao-Tsu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Center of General Education, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Arjunan A, Sah DK, Woo M, Song J. Identification of the molecular mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1): a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 36691085 PMCID: PMC9872444 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are accompanied by neuronal degeneration and glial dysfunction, resulting in cognitive, psychomotor, and behavioral impairment. Multiple factors including genetic, environmental, metabolic, and oxidant overload contribute to disease progression. Recent evidences suggest that metabolic syndrome is linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be accompanied by symptoms such as hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Despite advances in knowledge about the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, effective treatments to combat neurodegenerative disorders caused by MetS have not been developed to date. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency has been associated with MetS-related pathologies both in-vivo and in-vitro. IGF-1 is essential for embryonic and adult neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, neurotropism, angiogenesis, metabolic function, and protein clearance in the brain. Here, we review the evidence for the potential therapeutic effects of IGF-1 in the neurodegeneration related to metabolic syndrome. We elucidate how IGF-1 may be involved in molecular signaling defects that occurs in MetS-related neurodegenerative disorders and highlight the importance of IGF-1 as a potential therapeutic target in MetS-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Arjunan
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-Do 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea ,grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Minna Woo
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Juhyun Song
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-Do 58128 Republic of Korea ,grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea
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Zhou W, Tao T, Yu W, Wu W, Hui Z, Xu H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang X. Recombinant Adenovirus-Mediated HIF-lα Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction by Improving Energy Metabolism in Ischemic Penumbra After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:775-784. [PMID: 37051416 PMCID: PMC10085005 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s389022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) regulates glucose metabolism during ischemia. This study investigated the effect of recombinant adenovirus HIF-1ɑ on neurological function and energy metabolism in a rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. Methods Rats were divided into four groups: sham-operated (Sham) group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) group, recombinant adenovirus empty vector (Ad) group, and recombinant adenovirus-mediated HIF-1α (AdHIF-1α) group. The AdHIF-1α group and the Ad group were injected with AdHIF-1α and Ad in the lateral ventricle. The mNSS was performed at post-ischemia day 0 (P0) and P1, P14 and P28. At P14, the cerebral infarct volume was compared. At P28, HE staining, Nissl stains and TUNEL staining were performed. The expression of HIF-1α, GLUT1 and PFKFB3 were evaluated by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the expression of GLUT1 and PFKFB3, and the level of energy metabolites: ATP, ADP and AMP. Results mNSS scores in the AdHIF-1α group were consistently lower than those in the CIR and Ad groups from P14 (P < 0.05) and Ad groups (P < 0.05). The cerebral infarct volume was reduced in the AdHIF-1α group compared with that in CIR group and Ad group (P < 0.05). At P28, HE showed better pathological changes in AdHIF-1α group. The number of Nissl bodies was increased in the AdHIF-1α group compared with the CIR and Ad groups (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells in the AdHIF-1α group was fewer than that in the CIR and Ad groups (P < 0.05). The expression of HIF-1α, GLUT1 and PFKFB3 was significantly higher in the AdHIF-1α group compared with the CIR and Ad groups (P < 0.05). The ATP, ADP and AMP in the ischemic penumbra were also higher in the AdHIF-1α group (P < 0.05). Conclusion HIF-lα promoted neurological function recovery and decreased cerebral infarct volume in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by improving energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmei Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Tao, Tel +86 13985162824, Email
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanfu Wu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhirong Hui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Emergency Department, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, People’s Republic of China
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Correlation Study on the Expression of INSR, IRS-1, and PD-L1 in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5233222. [PMID: 36245982 PMCID: PMC9553505 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5233222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the expression and correlation of insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 45 lung cancer tissues and 30 adjacent normal tissues of NSCLC patients diagnosed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from June 2019 to August 2020 were selected. The expressions of INSR, IRS-1, and PD-L1 proteins in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of NSCLC were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The expression of INSR and IRS-1 in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal lung tissue (P < 0.05). INSR expression had statistical significance with the degree of pathological differentiation of nonsmall cell carcinoma (P = 0.031), but had no significant association with age, gender, pathological type, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis status (P > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between IRS-1 positive expression and NSCLC patients' age, gender, pathological typing, degree of differentiation, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). PD-L1 positive expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis of NSCLC (P = 0.028), while there was no significant correlation with gender, age, pathological type, TNM stage, and pathological differentiation degree of NSCLC patients (P > 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that PD-L1 protein expression had a significant positive correlation with IRS-1 protein expression (r = 0.373), but was not correlated with the expression of INSR protein. Conclusion IRS-1 may be involved in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and mediate the occurrence of tumor immune escape, which is expected to become a new target for NSCLC immunotherapy and provide new clinical evidence for immunosuppressive therapy.
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Asong-Fontem N, Panisello-Rosello A, Beghdadi N, Lopez A, Rosello-Catafau J, Adam R. Pre-Ischemic Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion Alleviates Protective Molecular Markers of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Liver. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1954-1969. [PMID: 35961798 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To expand the pool of organs, hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE), one of the most promising perfusion protocols, is currently performed after cold storage (CS) at transplant centers (HOPE-END). We investigated a new timing for HOPE, hypothesizing that performing HOPE before CS (HOPE-PRE) could boost mitochondrial protection allowing the graft to better cope with the accumulation of oxidative stress during CS. We analyzed liver injuries at 3 different levels. Histologic analysis demonstrated that, compared to classical CS (CTRL), the HOPE-PRE group showed significantly less ischemic necrosis compared to CTRL vs HOPE-END. From a biochemical standpoint, transaminases were lower after 2 hours of reperfusion in the CTRL vs HOPE-PRE group, which marked decreased liver injury. qPCR analysis on 37 genes involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed protection in HOPE-PRE and HOPE-END compared to CTRL mediated through similar pathways. However, the CTRL vs HOPE-PRE group demonstrated an increased transcriptional level for protective genes compared to the CTRL vs HOPE-END group. This study provides insights on novel biomarkers that could be used in the clinic to better characterize graft quality improving transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njikem Asong-Fontem
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Arnau Panisello-Rosello
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nassiba Beghdadi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center Hépato-Biliaire, APHP Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandre Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Joan Rosello-Catafau
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - René Adam
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center Hépato-Biliaire, APHP Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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6
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Haugg E, Borner J, Diedrich V, Herwig A. Comparative transcriptomics of the Djungarian hamster hypothalamus during short photoperiod acclimation and spontaneous torpor. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:443-459. [PMID: 34894101 PMCID: PMC8804604 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy-saving strategy of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus, Cricetidae) to overcome harsh environmental conditions comprises of behavioral, morphological, and physiological adjustments, including spontaneous daily torpor, a metabolic downstate. These acclimatizations are triggered by short photoperiod and orchestrated by the hypothalamus. Key mechanisms of long-term photoperiodic acclimatizations have partly been described, but specific mechanisms that acutely control torpor remain incomplete. Here, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis on hypothalamus of normometabolic hamsters in their summer- and winter-like state to enable us to identify changes in gene expression during photoperiodic acclimations. Comparing nontorpid and torpid hamsters may also be able to pin down mechanisms relevant for torpor control. A de novo assembled transcriptome of the hypothalamus was generated from hamsters acclimated to long photoperiod or to short photoperiod. The hamsters were sampled either during long photoperiod normothermia, short photoperiod normothermia, or short photoperiod-induced spontaneous torpor with a body temperature of 24.6 ± 1.0 °C, or. The mRNA-seq analysis revealed that 32 and 759 genes were differentially expressed during photoperiod or torpor, respectively. Biological processes were not enriched during photoperiodic acclimatization but were during torpor, where transcriptional and metabolic processes were reinforced. Most extremely regulated genes (those genes with |log2(FC)| > 2.0 and padj < 0.05 of a pairwise group comparison) underpinned the role of known key players in photoperiodic comparison, but these genes exhibit adaptive and protective adjustments during torpor. Targeted analyses of genes from potentially involved hypothalamic systems identified gene regulation of previously described torpor-relevant systems and a potential involvement of glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Haugg
- Institute of NeurobiologyUlm UniversityGermany
| | - Janus Borner
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUlm UniversityGermany
- Sackler Institute for Comparative GenomicsAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
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Nguyen YTK, Ha HTT, Nguyen TH, Nguyen LN. The role of SLC transporters for brain health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:20. [PMID: 34971415 PMCID: PMC11071821 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The brain exchanges nutrients and small molecules with blood via the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Approximately 20% energy intake for the body is consumed by the brain. Glucose is known for its critical roles for energy production and provides substrates for biogenesis in neurons. The brain takes up glucose via glucose transporters GLUT1 and 3, which are expressed in several neural cell types. The brain is also equipped with various transport systems for acquiring amino acids, lactate, ketone bodies, lipids, and cofactors for neuronal functions. Unraveling the mechanisms by which the brain takes up and metabolizes these nutrients will be key in understanding the nutritional requirements in the brain. This could also offer opportunities for therapeutic interventions in several neurological disorders. For instance, emerging evidence suggests a critical role of lactate as an alternative energy source for neurons. Neuronal cells express monocarboxylic transporters to acquire lactate. As such, treatment of GLUT1-deficient patients with ketogenic diets to provide the brain with alternative sources of energy has been shown to improve the health of the patients. Many transporters are present in the brain, but only a small number has been characterized. In this review, we will discuss about the roles of solute carrier (SLC) transporters at the blood brain barrier (BBB) and neural cells, in transport of nutrients and metabolites in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Hoa T T Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Tra H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
- SLING/Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Immunology Translational and Cardiovascular Disease Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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Peng W, Tan C, Mo L, Jiang J, Zhou W, Du J, Zhou X, Liu X, Chen L. Glucose transporter 3 in neuronal glucose metabolism: Health and diseases. Metabolism 2021; 123:154869. [PMID: 34425073 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons obtain glucose from extracellular environment for energy production mainly depending on glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). GLUT3 uptakes glucose with high affinity and great transport capacity, and is important for neuronal energy metabolism. This review summarized the role of neuronal GLUT3 in brain metabolism, function and development under both physiological conditions and in diseases, aiming to provide insights into neuronal glucose metabolism and its effect on brain. GLUT3 stabilizes neuronal glucose uptake and utilization, influences brain development and function, and ameliorates aging-related manifestations. Neuronal GLUT3 is regulated by synaptic activity, hormones, nutrition, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 in physiological conditions, and is also upregulated by hypoxia-ischemia. GLUT3-related neuronal glucose and energy metabolism is possibly involved in the pathogenesis, pathophysiological mechanism, progression or prognosis of brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. GLUT3 may be a promising therapeutic target of these diseases. This review also briefly discussed the role of other glucose transporters in neuronal glucose metabolism, which work together with GLUT3 to sustain and stabilize glucose and energy supply for neurons. Deficiency in these glucose transporters may also participate in brain diseases, especially GLUT1 and GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxue Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Mo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncong Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Suwannakul N, Armartmuntree N, Thanan R, Midorikawa K, Kon T, Oikawa S, Kobayashi H, Ma N, Kawanishi S, Murata M. Targeting fructose metabolism by glucose transporter 5 regulation in human cholangiocarcinoma. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1727-1741. [PMID: 36157482 PMCID: PMC9485202 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cellular metabolism may contribute to tumor proliferation and survival. Upregulation of the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) plays a key role in promoting cancer. GLUT5 mediates modulation of fructose utilization, and its overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. However, its metabolic regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated elevated GLUT5 expression in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), using RNA sequencing data from samples of human tissues and cell lines, as compared to normal liver tissues or a cholangiocyte cell line. Cells exhibiting high-expression of GLUT5 showed increased rates of cell proliferation and ATP production, particularly in a fructose-supplemented medium. In contrast, GLUT5 silencing attenuated cell proliferation, ATP production, cell migration/invasion, and improved epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) balance. Correspondingly, fructose consumption increased tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model, and GLUT5 silencing suppressed growth, supporting the tumor-inhibitory effect of GLUT5 downregulation. Furthermore, in the metabolic pathways of fructolysis-Warburg effect, the expression levels of relative downstream genes, including ketohexokinase (KHK), aldolase B (ALDOB), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A), were altered in a GLUT5 expression-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings indicate that GLUT5 could be a potential target for CCA therapeutic approach via metabolic regulation.
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10
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Lee GH, Lekwuttikarn R, Tafoya E, Martin M, Sarin KY, Teng JM. Transcriptomic Repositioning Analysis Identifies mTOR Inhibitor as Potential Therapy for Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:382-389. [PMID: 34536484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Expression-based systematic drug repositioning has been explored to predict novel treatments for a number of skin disorders. In this study, we utilize this approach to identify, to our knowledge, previously unreported therapies for epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). RNA sequencing analysis was performed on skin biopsies of acute blisters (<1 week old) (n = 9) and nonblistered epidermis (n = 11) obtained from 11 patients with EBS. Transcriptomic analysis of blistered epidermis in patients with EBS revealed a set of 1,276 genes dysregulated in EBS blisters. The IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 pathways were upregulated in the epidermis from EBS. Consistent with this, predicted upstream regulators included TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and mTOR. The 1,276 gene EBS blister signature was integrated with molecular signatures from cell lines treated with 2,423 drugs using the Connectivity Map CLUE platform. The mTOR inhibitors and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors most opposed the EBS signature. To determine whether mTOR inhibitors could be used clinically in EBS, we conducted an independent pilot study of two patients with EBS treated with topical sirolimus for painful plantar keratoderma due to chronic blistering. Both individuals experienced marked clinical improvement and a notable reduction of keratoderma. In summary, a computational drug repositioning analysis successfully identified, to our knowledge, previously unreported targets in the treatment of EBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Ho Lee
- Harvard Combined Dermatology Residency Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Ramrada Lekwuttikarn
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, California, USA; Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elidia Tafoya
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Monica Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Joyce M Teng
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, California, USA.
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Lopez-Pascual A, Trayhurn P, Martínez JA, González-Muniesa P. Oxygen in Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Therapeutic Relevance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:642-687. [PMID: 34036800 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: In recent years, a number of studies have shown altered oxygen partial pressure at a tissue level in metabolic disorders, and some researchers have considered oxygen to be a (macro) nutrient. Oxygen availability may be compromised in obesity and several other metabolism-related pathological conditions, including sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, the metabolic syndrome (which is a set of conditions), type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Recent Advances: Strategies designed to reduce adiposity and its accompanying disorders have been mainly centered on nutritional interventions and physical activity programs. However, novel therapies are needed since these approaches have not been sufficient to counteract the worldwide increasing rates of metabolic disorders. In this regard, intermittent hypoxia training and hyperoxia could be potential treatments through oxygen-related adaptations. Moreover, living at a high altitude may have a protective effect against the development of abnormal metabolic conditions. In addition, oxygen delivery systems may be of therapeutic value for supplying the tissue-specific oxygen requirements. Critical Issues: Precise in vivo methods to measure oxygenation are vital to disentangle some of the controversies related to this research area. Further, it is evident that there is a growing need for novel in vitro models to study the potential pathways involved in metabolic dysfunction to find appropriate therapeutic targets. Future Directions: Based on the existing evidence, it is suggested that oxygen availability has a key role in obesity and its related comorbidities. Oxygen should be considered in relation to potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 642-687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Lopez-Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul Trayhurn
- Obesity Biology Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Peng W, Liu X, Tan C, Zhou W, Jiang J, Zhou X, Du J, Mo L, Chen L. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein relieved seizure-Induced neuronal glucose uptake impairment via insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-regulated glucose transporter 3 expression. J Neurochem 2020; 157:695-709. [PMID: 33258143 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism is observed in epilepsy and promotes epileptogenesis. Glucose hypometabolism in epilepsy may be attributed to decreased neuronal glucose uptake, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is related to glucose metabolism and is reported to suppress seizures. The anti-epileptic effect of ZAG may be attributed to its regulation of neuronal glucose metabolism. This study explored the effect of ZAG on neuronal glucose uptake and its molecular mechanism via insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)-regulated glucose transporter 3 (GLUT-3) expression. The ZAG level was modulated by lentivirus in primary culture neurons. Neuronal seizure models were induced by Mg2+ -free artificial cerebrospinal fluid. We assessed neuronal glucose uptake by the 2-NBDG method and Glucose Uptake Colorimetric Assay Kit. IGF1R was activated by IGF1 and blocked by AXL1717. The expression and distribution of IGF1R and GLUT-3, together with IGF1R phosphorylation, were measured by western blot. The binding between ZAG and IGF1R was determined by coimmunoprecipitation. Neuronal glucose uptake and GLUT-3 expression were significantly decreased by seizure or ZAG knockdown, whereas ZAG over-expression or IGF1 treatment reversed this decrease. The effect of ZAG on neuronal glucose uptake and GLUT-3 expression was blocked by AXL1717. ZAG increased IGF1R distribution and phosphorylation possibly by binding. Additionally, IGF1R increased GLUT-3 activity by increasing GLUT-3 expression. In epilepsy/seizure, neuronal glucose uptake suppression may be attributed to a decrease in ZAG, which suppresses neuronal GLUT-3 expression by regulating the activity of IGF1R. ZAG, IGF1R, and GLUT-3 may be novel potential therapeutic targets of glucose hypometabolism in epilepsy and seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxue Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncong Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Mo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Pérez-Treviño P, Aguayo-Millán CD, Santuario-Facio SK, Vela-Guajardo JE, Salazar E, Camacho-Morales A, Ortiz R, García N. Metastatic TNBC is closely associated with a fused mitochondrial morphology and a glycolytic and lipogenic metabolism. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 99:447-456. [PMID: 33342359 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria modify their function and morphology to satisfy the bioenergetic demand of the cells. Cancer cells take advantage of these features to sustain their metabolic, proliferative, metastatic, and survival necessities. Understanding the morphological changes to mitochondria in the different grades of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) could help to design new treatments. Consequently, this research explored mitochondrial morphology and the gene expression of some proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics, as well as proteins associated with oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism in metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC. We found that mitochondrial morphology and metabolism are different in metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC. In metastatic TNBC, there is overexpression of genes related to mitochondrial dynamics, fatty-acid metabolism, and glycolysis. These features are accompanied by a fused mitochondrial morphology. By comparison, in non-metastatic TNBC, there is a stress-associated mitochondrial morphology with hyperfragmented mitochondria, accompanied by the upregulated expression of genes associated with the biogenesis of mitochondria; both of which are characteristics related to the higher production of reactive oxygen species observed in this cell line. These differences between metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC should provide a better understanding of metastasis and contribute to the development of improved specific and personalized therapies for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pérez-Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabólica, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Claudia D Aguayo-Millán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Investigación en Cáncer, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Sandra K Santuario-Facio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Investigación en Cáncer, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Vela-Guajardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabólica, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Esteban Salazar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabólica, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Investigación en Cáncer, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Noemí García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabólica, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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14
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Cheng L, Ma X, Luo X. Exendin-4 induces a novel extended effect of ischemic tolerance via crosstalk with IGF-1R. Brain Res Bull 2020; 169:145-155. [PMID: 33197537 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4), a drug that has been used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, also confers a neuroprotective effect against stroke. Although GLP-1 analogs were reported to induce sustained insulin secretion and glucose tolerance improved after cessation of treatment, no study has revealed whether Ex-4 exerts sustained neuroprotection against stroke and the underlying mechanism after treatment cessation. In this study, mice were pretreated with Ex-4 for 7 days, and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on different days after cessation of Ex-4 treatment. Ex-4 ameliorated neurological dysfunction and reduced the infarct volume induced by MCAO. These protective effects lasted for 6 days after the cessation of Ex-4 treatment and were associated with sustained upregulation of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and HIF-1α levels, as well as HIF-1α downstream genes. Knockdown of GLP-1R or HIF-1α in the brain by short hairpin RNA abolished Ex-4 treatment-mediated neuroprotection. In normal mice, Ex-4 treatment led to instant upregulation of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and HIF-1α expression levels, which quickly returned to normal after cessation of Ex-4 treatment, while the expression levels of insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) remained high for 6 days after Ex-4 cessation. Additionally, Ex-4 did not directly induce IGF-1 production, which was only induced by MCAO. Ex-4 induces extended cerebral ischemic tolerance. This neuroprotective effect is associated with activation of GLP-1R and upregulation of IGF-1R in the brain, and the latter then activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1 signaling pathway via binding to IGF-1 secreted from the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- Department of Neurology Impatient, the Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liusiyuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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15
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Ziegler GC, Almos P, McNeill RV, Jansch C, Lesch KP. Cellular effects and clinical implications of SLC2A3 copy number variation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9021-9036. [PMID: 32372501 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SLC2A3 encodes the predominantly neuronal glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), which facilitates diffusion of glucose across plasma membranes. The human brain depends on a steady glucose supply for ATP generation, which consequently fuels critical biochemical processes, such as axonal transport and neurotransmitter release. Besides its role in the central nervous system, GLUT3 is also expressed in nonneural organs, such as the heart and white blood cells, where it is equally involved in energy metabolism. In cancer cells, GLUT3 overexpression contributes to the Warburg effect by answering the cell's increased glycolytic demands. The SLC2A3 gene locus at chromosome 12p13.31 is unstable and prone to non-allelic homologous recombination events, generating multiple copy number variants (CNVs) of SLC2A3 which account for alterations in SLC2A3 expression. Recent associations of SLC2A3 CNVs with different clinical phenotypes warrant investigation of the potential influence of these structural variants on pathomechanisms of neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and immune diseases. In this review, we accumulate and discuss the evidence how SLC2A3 gene dosage may exert diverse protective or detrimental effects depending on the pathological condition. Cellular states which lead to increased energetic demand, such as organ development, proliferation, and cellular degeneration, appear particularly susceptible to alterations in SLC2A3 copy number. We conclude that better understanding of the impact of SLC2A3 variation on disease etiology may potentially provide novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting this GLUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg C Ziegler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Almos
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rhiannon V McNeill
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charline Jansch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Wu X, Wang C, Wang J, Zhu M, Yao Y, Liu J. Hypoxia preconditioning protects neuronal cells against traumatic brain injury through stimulation of glucose transport mediated by HIF-1α/GLUTs signaling pathway in rat. Neurosurg Rev 2020; 44:411-422. [PMID: 31897883 PMCID: PMC7851104 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia preconditioning (HPC), a well-established preconditioning model, has been shown to protect the brain against severe hypoxia or ischemia caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the mechanism has not been well elucidated. Anaerobic glycolysis is the major way for neurons to produce energy under cerebral ischemia and hypoxia after TBI, and it requires large amounts of glucose. We hypothesized that glucose transport, as a rate-limiting step of glucose metabolism, may play key roles in the neuroprotective effects of HPC on cerebral cortex tissue against TBI. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HPC on glucose transport activity of rat cerebral cortex tissue after TBI through examining the gene expression of two major glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT3) and their upstream target gene hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with HPC (50.47 kPa, 3 h/d, 3d). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the rats were injured using the Feeney free falling model. Cortex tissues of injured rats were removed at 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 1 day, 3 days, 7 d, and 14 days post-injury for histological analysis. Compared with TBI alone, HPC before TBI resulted in the expression of HIF-1α, GLUT1, and GLUT3 to increase at 1 h; they were markedly increased at 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 1 day, and 3 days and decreased thereafter (p < 0.05). HPC before TBI could improve neuronal survival in rats by examining NeuN staining and observing reduced apoptosis by examining TUNEL staining. The result showed that HPC before TBI could increase the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3. And through double immunofluorescence staining for GLUT3 and NeuN, the results strongly suggest that HPC improved glucose transport activity of neurons in rats with TBI. In summary, our results further support that HPC can improve hypoxia tolerance and attenuate neuronal loss of cerebral cortex in rats after TBI. The mechanism is mainly related to the increase of glucose transport activity through inducing GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression through upregulating HIF-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 901 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistic Support Force, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 901 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistic Support Force, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinbiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 901 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistic Support Force, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meijie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 901 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistic Support Force, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yinsheng Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 901 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistic Support Force, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiachuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 901 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistic Support Force, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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17
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Ito K, Ogata H, Honma N, Shibuya K, Mikami T. Expression of mTOR Signaling Pathway Molecules in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pathobiology 2019; 86:315-321. [DOI: 10.1159/000503311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Cheng Z, Luo C, Guo Z. LncRNA-XIST/microRNA-126 sponge mediates cell proliferation and glucose metabolism through the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in glioma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2170-2183. [PMID: 31680298 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism may contribute to cancer progression. Glioma represents a cancer resulting from an imbalance between glucose metabolism and tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for dysregulated brain glucose metabolism and lactate accumulation in glioma remain to be elucidated. The present study identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) as a candidate to mediate glucose metabolism in glioma. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis were evaluated in lncRNA-XIST-depleted glioblastoma cells by short hairpin RNA. Glucose uptake, lactate production, as well as levels of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3, were measured. Luciferase assay, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to validate the interactions among lncRNA-XIST, microRNA-126 (miR-126), and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). An in vivo analysis was carried out in nude mice bearing glioblastoma cell xenografts. The study found that lncRNA-XIST knockdown inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion, resistance to apoptosis, and glucose metabolism of glioblastoma cells. LncRNA-XIST functioned as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-126 and then regulated IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in glioblastoma cells. In vivo results demonstrated lncRNA-XIST knockdown reduces the tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells. Taken together, we demonstrated a novel cellular mechanism that was dependent of the lncRNA-XIST/miR-126/IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in enhanced glucose metabolism in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Valli A, Morotti M, Zois CE, Albers PK, Soga T, Feldinger K, Fischer R, Frejno M, McIntyre A, Bridges E, Haider S, Buffa FM, Baban D, Rodriguez M, Yanes O, Whittington HJ, Lake HA, Zervou S, Lygate CA, Kessler BM, Harris AL. Adaptation to HIF1α Deletion in Hypoxic Cancer Cells by Upregulation of GLUT14 and Creatine Metabolism. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1531-1544. [PMID: 30885992 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α is a key regulator of the hypoxia response in normal and cancer tissues. It is well recognized to regulate glycolysis and is a target for therapy. However, how tumor cells adapt to grow in the absence of HIF1α is poorly understood and an important concept to understand for developing targeted therapies is the flexibility of the metabolic response to hypoxia via alternative pathways. We analyzed pathways that allow cells to survive hypoxic stress in the absence of HIF1α, using the HCT116 colon cancer cell line with deleted HIF1α versus control. Spheroids were used to provide a 3D model of metabolic gradients. We conducted a metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis and integrated the results. These showed surprisingly that in three-dimensional growth, a key regulatory step of glycolysis is Aldolase A rather than phosphofructokinase. Furthermore, glucose uptake could be maintained in hypoxia through upregulation of GLUT14, not previously recognized in this role. Finally, there was a marked adaptation and change of phosphocreatine energy pathways, which made the cells susceptible to inhibition of creatine metabolism in hypoxic conditions. Overall, our studies show a complex adaptation to hypoxia that can bypass HIF1α, but it is targetable and it provides new insight into the key metabolic pathways involved in cancer growth. IMPLICATIONS: Under hypoxia and HIF1 blockade, cancer cells adapt their energy metabolism via upregulation of the GLUT14 glucose transporter and creatine metabolism providing new avenues for drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Valli
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Morotti
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christos E Zois
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick K Albers
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Katharina Feldinger
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Frejno
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Bridges
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Haider
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dilair Baban
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders-CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders-CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hannah J Whittington
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah A Lake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sevasti Zervou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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20
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Belanova A, Beseda D, Chmykhalo V, Stepanova A, Belousova M, Khrenkova V, Gavalas N, Zolotukhin P. Berberine Effects on NFκB, HIF1A and NFE2L2/AP-1 Pathways in HeLa Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:487-501. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181211121405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Berberine has multitudinous anti-cancer stem cells effects making it a highly promising
candidate substance for the next-generation cancer therapy. However, berberine modes of action predispose it to
significant side-effects that probably limit its clinical testing and application.
Materials and Methods:
HeLa cells were treated with two concentrations of berberine (30 and 100 µM) for 24
hours to assess the functioning of the NFE2L2/AP-1, NFκB and HIF1A pathways using 22 RNAs expression
qPCR-based analysis.
Results:
Berberine effects appeared to be highly dose-dependent, with the lower concentration being capable of
suppressing the NFκB functioning and the higher concentration causing severe signaling side-effects seen in the
HIF1A pathway and the NFE2L2 sub-pathways, and especially and more importantly in the AP-1 sub-pathway.
Conclusion:
The results of the study suggest that berberine has clinically valuable anti-NFκB effects however
jeopardized by its side effects on the HIF1A and especially NFE2L2/AP-1 pathways, its therapeutic window
phenomenon and its cancer type-specificity. These, however, may be ameliorated using the cocktail approach,
provided there is enough data on signaling effects of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Belanova
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Darya Beseda
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Victor Chmykhalo
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Alisa Stepanova
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya Belousova
- English Language Department for Natural Sciences Faculties, Southern Federal University, 5 Sorge st., 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Khrenkova
- Rostov State Medical University, 119 Suvorova st., 344022, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolaos Gavalas
- Division of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vas. Sofias Av., 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Zolotukhin
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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21
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Huang B, Huang C, Zhao H, Zhu W, Wang B, Wang H, Chen J, Xiao T, Niu J, Zhang J. Impact of GPR1 signaling on maternal high-fat feeding and placenta metabolism in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E987-E997. [PMID: 30835511 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00437.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin and G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) are increased in serum and placenta in mice during pregnancy. Interestingly, we observed increased serum chemerin levels and decreased GPR1 expression in placenta of high-fat-diet-fed mice compared with chow-fed mice at gestational day 18. GPR1 protein and gene levels were significantly decreased in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patient placentas. Therefore, we hypothesized that chemerin/GPR1 signaling might participate in the pathogenic mechanism of GDM. We investigated the role of GPR1 in carbohydrate homeostasis during pregnancy using pregnant mice transfected with small interfering RNA for GPR1 or a negative control. GPR1 knockdown exacerbated glucose intolerance, disrupted lipid metabolism, and decreased β-cell proliferation and insulin levels. Glucose transport protein-3 and fatty acid binding protein-4 were downregulated with reducing GPR1 in vivo and in vitro via phosphorylated AKT pathway. Taken together, our findings first demonstrate the expression of GPR1, the characterization of its direct biological effects in humans and mice, as well as the molecular mechanism that indicates the role of GPR1 signaling in maternal metabolism during pregnancy, suggesting a novel feedback mechanism to regulate glucose balance during pregnancy, and GPR1 could be a potential target for the detection and therapy of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Huang
- Centre for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Chen Huang
- Centre for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- Centre for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Centre for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Baobei Wang
- Centre for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Hefei Wang
- Centre for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Jie Chen
- Centre for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Tianxia Xiao
- Centre for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Jianmin Niu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Centre for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
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22
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Fourati S, Ribeiro SP, Blasco Tavares Pereira Lopes F, Talla A, Lefebvre F, Cameron M, Kaewkungwal J, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kim JH, Thomas R, Gilbert PB, Tomaras GD, Koup RA, Michael NL, McElrath MJ, Gottardo R, Sékaly RP. Integrated systems approach defines the antiviral pathways conferring protection by the RV144 HIV vaccine. Nat Commun 2019; 10:863. [PMID: 30787294 PMCID: PMC6382801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The RV144 vaccine trial showed reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition by 31.2%, although mechanisms that led to protection remain poorly understood. Here we identify transcriptional correlates for reduced HIV-1 acquisition after vaccination. We assess the transcriptomic profile of blood collected from 223 participants and 40 placebo recipients. Pathway-level analysis of HIV-1 negative vaccinees reveals that type I interferons that activate the IRF7 antiviral program and type II interferon-stimulated genes implicated in antigen-presentation are both associated with a reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition. In contrast, genes upstream and downstream of NF-κB, mTORC1 and host genes required for viral infection are associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition among vaccinees and placebo recipients, defining a vaccine independent association with HIV-1 acquisition. Our transcriptomic analysis of RV144 trial samples identifies IRF7 as a mediator of protection and the activation of mTORC1 as a correlate of the risk of HIV-1 acquisition. The RV144 vaccine trial showed reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition, but mechanisms underlying protection are poorly understood. Here, Fourati et al. assess the transcriptomic profile of blood collected from 223 vaccinees and 40 placebo recipients and identify IRF7 as a mediator of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | | | - Aarthi Talla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Francois Lefebvre
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - J Kaewkungwal
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - P Pitisuttithum
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - S Nitayaphan
- Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - S Rerks-Ngarm
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Jerome H Kim
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.,International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sékaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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23
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Ancey PB, Contat C, Meylan E. Glucose transporters in cancer - from tumor cells to the tumor microenvironment. FEBS J 2018; 285:2926-2943. [PMID: 29893496 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solute carriers of the glucose transporter (GLUT) family mediate the first step for cellular glucose usage. The upregulation of GLUTs has been reported in numerous cancer types as a result of perturbation of gene expression or protein relocalization or stabilization. Because they enable to sustain the energy demand required by tumor cells for various biochemical programs, they are promising targets for the development of anticancer strategies. Recently, important biological insights have come from the fine crystal structure determination of several GLUTs; these advances will likely catalyze the development of new selective inhibitory compounds. Furthermore, deregulated glucose metabolism of nontumor cells in the tumor mass is beginning to be appreciated and could have major implications for our understanding of how glucose uptake by specific cell types influences the behavior of neighboring cells in the same microenvironment. In this review, we discuss some of the deregulation mechanisms of glucose transporters, their genetic and pharmacological targeting in cancer, and new functions they may have in nontumor cells of the tumor environment or beyond glucose uptake for glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Benoit Ancey
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Contat
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Meylan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Lambert M, Jambon S, Depauw S, David-Cordonnier MH. Targeting Transcription Factors for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061479. [PMID: 29921764 PMCID: PMC6100431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are involved in a large number of human diseases such as cancers for which they account for about 20% of all oncogenes identified so far. For long time, with the exception of ligand-inducible nuclear receptors, transcription factors were considered as “undruggable” targets. Advances knowledge of these transcription factors, in terms of structure, function (expression, degradation, interaction with co-factors and other proteins) and the dynamics of their mode of binding to DNA has changed this postulate and paved the way for new therapies targeted against transcription factors. Here, we discuss various ways to target transcription factors in cancer models: by modulating their expression or degradation, by blocking protein/protein interactions, by targeting the transcription factor itself to prevent its DNA binding either through a binding pocket or at the DNA-interacting site, some of these inhibitors being currently used or evaluated for cancer treatment. Such different targeting of transcription factors by small molecules is facilitated by modern chemistry developing a wide variety of original molecules designed to specifically abort transcription factor and by an increased knowledge of their pathological implication through the use of new technologies in order to make it possible to improve therapeutic control of transcription factor oncogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lambert
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Samy Jambon
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Sabine Depauw
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène David-Cordonnier
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
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25
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Yang Y, Fu Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Zeng Q, Li Y, Gao S, Bao L, Liu S, Gao D, Dunham R, Liu Z. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the swimbladder reveals expression signatures in response to low oxygen stress in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:636-647. [PMID: 29799804 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00125.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Channel catfish is the leading aquaculture species in the US, and one of the reasons for its application in aquaculture is its relatively high tolerance against hypoxia. However, hypoxia can still cause huge economic losses to the catfish industry. Studies on hypoxia tolerance, therefore, are important for aquaculture. Fish swimbladder has been considered as an accessory respiration organ surrounded by a dense capillary countercurrent exchange system. In this regard, we conducted RNA-Seq analysis with swimbladder samples of catfish under hypoxic and normal conditions to determine if swimbladder was responsive to low oxygen treatment and to reveal genes, their expression patterns, and pathways involved in hypoxia responses in catfish. A total of 155 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from swimbladder of adult catfish, whereas a total of 2,127 DEGs were identified from swimbladder of fingerling catfish under hypoxic condition as compared with untreated controls. Subsequent pathway analysis revealed that many DEGs under hypoxia were involved in HIF signaling pathway ( nos2, eno2, camk2d2, prkcb, cdkn1a, eno1, and tfrc), MAPK signaling pathway (voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit genes), PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway ( itga6, g6pc, and cdkn1a), Ras signaling pathway ( efna3 and ksr2), and signaling by VEGF ( fn1, wasf3, and hspb1) in catfish swimbladder. This study provided insights into regulation of gene expression and their involved gene pathways in catfish swimbladder in response to low oxygen stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama.,Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , China
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Yang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Qifan Zeng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Sen Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Lisui Bao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Dongya Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Rex Dunham
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York
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26
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Zhu Y, Tang Q, Wang G, Han R. Tanshinone IIA Protects Hippocampal Neuronal Cells from Reactive Oxygen Species Through Changes in Autophagy and Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Protein Kinas B, and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways. Curr Neurovasc Res 2018; 14:132-140. [PMID: 28260507 PMCID: PMC5543574 DOI: 10.2174/1567202614666170306105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tanshinone IIA is a key active ingredient of danshen, which is derived from the dried root or rhizome of Salviae miltiorrhizae Bge. The tanshinone IIA has protective effects against the focal cerebral ischemic injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: An in vitro model of cerebral ischemia was established by subjecting cultures of hippocampal neuronal cells to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD/R). The probes of 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) and 5’,6,6’-tetrachloro-1,1’,3,3’-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine,iodide (JC-1) were used to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Western-blot was used to detect the expression of proteins in HT-22 cells. Results: The results of cell proliferative assays showed that the tanshinone IIA attenuated OGD/R-mediated neuronal cell death, with the evidence of increased cell viability. In addition, OGD/R exposure led to increase the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were significantly suppressed by tanshinone IIA treatment. Furthermore, tanshinone IIA treatment inhibited elevations in MMP and autophagy following exposure to OGD/R. Additionally, OGD/R promoted cell death with concomitant inhibiting phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which was reversed by tanshinone IIA. Conclusion: These results suggest that the tanshinone IIA protects against OGD/R-mediated cell death in HT-22 cells, in part, due to activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhu
- Department of Neurology Disease, the Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Qiqiang Tang
- Department of Neurology Disease, the Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guopin Wang
- Department of Neurology Disease, the Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ruodong Han
- Department of Intensive Care Division, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236800, Anhui, China
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27
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De Francesco EM, Sims AH, Maggiolini M, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP, Clarke RB. GPER mediates the angiocrine actions induced by IGF1 through the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in the breast tumor microenvironment. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:129. [PMID: 29212519 PMCID: PMC5719673 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The G protein estrogen receptor GPER/GPR30 mediates estrogen action in breast cancer cells as well as in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are key components of microenvironment driving tumor progression. GPER is a transcriptional target of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and activates VEGF expression and angiogenesis in hypoxic breast tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, IGF1/IGF1R signaling, which has angiogenic effects, has been shown to activate GPER in breast cancer cells. METHODS We analyzed gene expression data from published studies representing almost 5000 breast cancer patients to investigate whether GPER and IGF1 signaling establish an angiocrine gene signature in breast cancer patients. Next, we used GPER-positive but estrogen receptor (ER)-negative primary CAF cells derived from patient breast tumours and SKBR3 breast cancer cells to investigate the role of GPER in the regulation of VEGF expression and angiogenesis triggered by IGF1. We performed gene expression and promoter studies, western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis, gene silencing strategies and endothelial tube formation assays to evaluate the involvement of the HIF-1α/GPER/VEGF signaling in the biological responses to IGF1. RESULTS We first determined that GPER is co-expressed with IGF1R and with the vessel marker CD34 in human breast tumors (n = 4972). Next, we determined that IGF1/IGF1R signaling engages the ERK1/2 and AKT transduction pathways to induce the expression of HIF-1α and its targets GPER and VEGF. We found that a functional cooperation between HIF-1α and GPER is essential for the transcriptional activation of VEGF induced by IGF1. Finally, using conditioned medium from CAFs and SKBR3 cells stimulated with IGF1, we established that HIF-1α and GPER are both required for VEGF-induced human vascular endothelial cell tube formation. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed new light on the essential role played by GPER in IGF1/IGF1R signaling that induces breast tumor angiogenesis. Targeting the multifaceted interactions between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment involving both GPCRs and growth factor receptors has potential in future combination anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina M De Francesco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Savinio, 87036, Rende, Italy. .,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204GJ, UK.
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Savinio, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204GJ, UK.
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28
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Glycans as Regulatory Elements of the Insulin/IGF System: Impact in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091921. [PMID: 28880250 PMCID: PMC5618570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in mammals comprises a dynamic network of proteins that modulate several biological processes such as development, cell growth, metabolism, and aging. Dysregulation of the insulin/IGF system has major implications for several pathological conditions such as diabetes and cancer. Metabolic changes also culminate in aberrant glycosylation, which has been highlighted as a hallmark of cancer. Changes in glycosylation regulate every pathophysiological step of cancer progression including tumour cell-cell dissociation, cell migration, cell signaling and metastasis. This review discusses how the insulin/IGF system integrates with glycosylation alterations and impacts on cell behaviour, metabolism and drug resistance in cancer.
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29
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Acun A, Zorlutuna P. Engineered myocardium model to study the roles of HIF-1α and HIF1A-AS1 in paracrine-only signaling under pathological level oxidative stress. Acta Biomater 2017. [PMID: 28629892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studying heart tissue is critical for understanding and developing treatments for cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we fabricated precisely controlled and biomimetic engineered model tissues to study how cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions influence myocardial cell survival upon exposure to pathological level oxidative stress. Specifically, the interactions of endothelial cells (ECs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs), and the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), with its novel alternative regulator, HIF-1α antisense RNA1 (HIF1A-AS1), in these interactions were investigated. We encapsulated CMs in photo-crosslinkable, biomimetic hydrogels with or without ECs, then exposed to oxidative stress followed by normoxia. With precisely controlled microenvironment provided by the model tissues, cell-cell interactions were restricted to be solely through the secreted factors. CM survival after oxidative stress was significantly improved, in the presence of ECs, when cells were in the model tissues that were functionalized with cell attachment motifs. Importantly, the cardioprotective effect of ECs was reduced when HIF-1α expression was knocked down suggesting that HIF-1α is involved in cardioprotection from oxidative damage, provided through secreted factors conferred by the ECs. Using model tissues, we showed that cell survival increased with increased cell-cell communication and enhanced cell-matrix interactions. In addition, whole genome transcriptome analysis showed, for the first time to our knowledge, a possible role for HIF1A-AS1 in oxidative regulation of HIF-1α. We showed that although HIF1A-AS1 knockdown helps CM survival, its effect is overridden by CM-EC bidirectional interactions as we showed that the conditioned media taken from the CM-EC co-cultures improved CM survival, regardless of HIF1A-AS1 expression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular diseases, most of which are associated with oxidative stress, is the most common cause of death worldwide. Thus, understanding the molecular events as well as the role of intercellular communication under oxidative stress is upmost importance in its prevention. In this study we used 3D engineered tissue models to investigate the role of HIF-1α and its regulation in EC-mediated cardioprotection. We showed that EC-mediated protection is only possible when there is a bidirectional crosstalk between ECs and CMs even without physical cell-cell contact. In addition, this protective effect is at least partially related to cell-ECM interactions and HIF-1α, which is regulated by HIF1A-AS1 under oxidative stress.
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30
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Sperling S, Aung T, Martin S, Rohde V, Ninkovic M. Riluzole: a potential therapeutic intervention in human brain tumor stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96697-96709. [PMID: 29228563 PMCID: PMC5722515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A small subpopulation of tumor stem-like cells has the capacity to initiate tumors and mediate radio- and chemoresistance in diverse cancers hence also in glioblastoma (GBM). It has been reported that this capacity of tumor initiation in the brain is mainly dependent on the body’s nutrient supply. This population of so-called brain tumor initiating or brain tumor stem-like cells (BTSCs) is able to extract nutrients like glucose with a higher affinity. Riluzole, a drug approved for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), was reported to possess anticancer properties, affecting the glutamate metabolism. We report that riluzole treatment inhibits the growth of brain tumor stem-like cells enriched cultures isolated from two human glioblastomas. The effects of riluzole on these cells were associated with an inhibition of a poor prognostic indicator: glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). A decrease in GLUT3 is associated with a decrease in the p-Akt/HIF1α pathway. Further, downregulation of the DNA (Cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene that causes hypermethylation of various tumor-suppressor genes and leads to a poor prognosis in GBM, was detected. Two hallmarks of cancer cells—proliferation and cell death—were positively influenced by riluzole treatment. Finally, we observed that riluzole reduced the tumor growth in in vivo CAM assay, suggesting it could be a possible synergistic drug for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetlana Sperling
- The Translational Neurooncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thiha Aung
- Center of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Veit Rohde
- The Translational Neurooncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Milena Ninkovic
- The Translational Neurooncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Galardo MN, Gorga A, Merlo JP, Regueira M, Pellizzari EH, Cigorraga SB, Riera MF, Meroni SB. Participation of HIFs in the regulation of Sertoli cell lactate production. Biochimie 2017; 132:9-18. [PMID: 27750035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) are master regulators of glycolytic metabolism. HIFs consist of a constitutive HIFbeta (HIFβ) subunit and a HIFalpha (HIFα) subunit, whose half-life depends on prolyl-hydroxylases activity. Inhibition of prolyl-hydroxylases by hypoxia or transition metals, or augmentation of HIFα subunit levels by hormonal stimuli lead to a higher HIF transcriptional activity. On the other hand, it is well known that lactate produced by Sertoli cells is delivered to and used by germ cells as an energy substrate. The aim of this work was to investigate whether HIFs participate in the regulation of lactate production in rat Sertoli cells and whether they are involved in the FSH mechanism of action. In order to reach a higher HIF transcriptional activity, Sertoli cells were treated with CoCl2. We observed that a higher HIF transcriptional activity leads to an augmentation of: lactate production, glucose uptake and LDH activity. Besides, an increase in Glut1, Pkm2 and Ldha mRNA levels was observed. These findings suggested that HIFs may participate in the modulation of Sertoli cell nutritional function. As FSH regulates lactate production, we evaluated whether HIFs were involved in FSH action. Sertoli cells were stimulated with FSH in the absence or presence of LW6, a drug which promotes HIFα subunit degradation. On the one hand, we observed that FSH increases HIF1α protein, Hif1α and Hif2α mRNA levels and, on the other hand, that LW6 inhibits FSH-stimulated lactate production, glucose uptake, Glut1, Pkm2 and Ldha expression. It is proposed that HIFs are key components of the intricate pathways utilized by FSH to regulate the provision of lactate for germ cells. Considering that FSH is the master endocrine regulator of Sertoli cells, it is not surprising that this hormone may employ several regulatory mechanisms to fulfill the nourishing functions of this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Noel Galardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agostina Gorga
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Pedro Merlo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Regueira
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Herminia Pellizzari
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Selva Beatriz Cigorraga
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Riera
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Beatriz Meroni
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Masui K, Shibata N, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS. mTORC2 activity in brain cancer: Extracellular nutrients are required to maintain oncogenic signaling. Bioessays 2016; 38:839-44. [PMID: 27427440 PMCID: PMC5501721 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in growth factor receptor signaling pathways are common in cancer cells, including the highly lethal brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) where they drive tumor growth through mechanisms including altering the uptake and utilization of nutrients. However, the impact of changes in micro-environmental nutrient levels on oncogenic signaling, tumor growth, and drug resistance is not well understood. We recently tested the hypothesis that external nutrients promote GBM growth and treatment resistance by maintaining the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), a critical intermediate of growth factor receptor signaling, suggesting that altered cellular metabolism is not only a consequence of oncogenic signaling, but also potentially an important determinant of its activity. Here, we describe the studies that corroborate the hypothesis and propose others that derive from them. Notably, this line of reasoning raises the possibility that systemic metabolism may contribute to responsiveness to targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Webster K. Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul S. Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Kerner GSMA, Bollineni VR, Hiltermann TJN, Sijtsema NM, Fischer A, Bongaerts AHH, Pruim J, Groen HJM. An exploratory study of volumetric analysis for assessing tumor response with (18)F-FAZA PET/CT in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:33. [PMID: 27090118 PMCID: PMC4835394 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and is randomly distributed within malignancies. Characterization of changes in intratumoral hypoxic regions is possible with specially developed PET tracers such as (18)F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside ((18)F-FAZA) while tumor metabolism can be measured with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG). The purpose of this study was to study the effects of chemotherapy on (18)F-FAZA and (18)F-FDG uptake simultaneously in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients METHODS At baseline and after the second chemotherapy cycle, both PET/CT with (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FAZA was performed in seven patients with metastasized NSCLC. (18)F-FAZA and (18)F-FDG scans were aligned with deformable image registration using Mirada DBx. The primary tumors were contoured, and on the (18)F-FDG scan, volumes of interest (VOI) were drawn using a 41 % adaptive threshold technique. Subsequently, the resulting VOI was transferred to the (18)F-FAZA scan. (18)F-FAZA maximum tumor-to-background (T/Bgmax) ratio and the fractional hypoxic volume (FHV) were assessed. Measurements were corrected for partial volume effects. Finally, a voxel-by-voxel analysis of the primary tumor was performed to assess regional uptake differences. RESULTS In the primary tumor of all seven patients, median (18)F-FDG standard uptake value (SUVmax) decreased significantly (p = 0.03). There was no significant decrease in (18)F-FAZA uptake as measured with T/Bgmax (p = 0.24) or the FHV (p = 0.35). Additionally, volumetric voxel-by-voxel analysis showed that low hypoxic tumors did not significantly change in hypoxic status between baseline and two cycles of chemotherapy, whereas highly hypoxic tumors did. Individualized volumetric voxel-by-voxel analysis revealed that hypoxia and metabolism were not associated before and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Tumor hypoxia and metabolism are independent dynamic events as measured by (18)F-FAZA PET and (18)F-FDG PET, both prior to and after treatment with chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S M A Kerner
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vikram R Bollineni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijo J N Hiltermann
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nanna M Sijtsema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alphons H H Bongaerts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Pruim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Harry J M Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Morán J, Perez-Basterrechea M, Garrido P, Díaz E, Alonso A, Otero J, Colado E, González C. Effects of Estrogen and Phytoestrogen Treatment on an In Vitro Model of Recurrent Stroke on HT22 Neuronal Cell Line. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:405-416. [PMID: 27059741 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An increase of stroke incidence occurs in women with the decline of estrogen levels following menopause. This ischemic damage may recur, especially soon after the first insult has occurred. We evaluated the effects of estrogen and phytoestrogen treatment on an in vitro recurrent stroke model using the HT22 neuronal cell line. HT22 cells were treated with 17β-estradiol or genistein 1 h after the beginning of the first of two oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cycles. During the second OGD, there was a deterioration of some components of the electron transport chain, such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 with a subsequent increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Accordingly, there was also an increase of apoptotic phenomena demonstrated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage, Caspase-3 activity, and Annexin V levels. The recurrent ischemic injury also raised the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and glucose transporter 1 levels, as well as the ratio between the lipidated and cytosolic forms of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-II/LC3-I). We found a positive effect of estradiol and genistein treatment by partially preserving the impaired cell viability after the recurrent ischemic injury; however, this positive effect does not seem to be mediated neither by blocking apoptosis processes nor by decreasing ROS production. This work contribute to the better understanding of the molecular mechanisms triggered by recurrent ischemic damage in neuronal cells and, therefore, could help with the development of an effective treatment to minimize the consequences of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Morán
- Department of Functional Biology. Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, No. 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, Box 440, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcos Perez-Basterrechea
- Unit of Transplants, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Av. Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido
- Department of Functional Biology. Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, No. 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Prostate Cancer Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway. Co, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elena Díaz
- Department of Functional Biology. Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, No. 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso
- Department of Functional Biology. Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, No. 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Otero
- Unit of Transplants, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Av. Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Colado
- Service of Hematology, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Av/Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Av/Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Celestino González
- Department of Functional Biology. Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, No. 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
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Expression of growth-related genes in the mouse placenta is influenced by interactions between intestinal nematode (Heligmosomoides bakeri) infection and dietary protein deficiency. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Harkitis P, Daskalopoulos EP, Malliou F, Lang MA, Marselos M, Fotopoulos A, Albucharali G, Konstandi M. Dopamine D2-Receptor Antagonists Down-Regulate CYP1A1/2 and CYP1B1 in the Rat Liver. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128708. [PMID: 26466350 PMCID: PMC4605514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic systems regulate the release of several hormones including growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormones, insulin, glucocorticoids and prolactin (PRL) that play significant roles in the regulation of various Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The present study investigated the role of dopamine D2-receptor-linked pathways in the regulation of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 that belong to a battery of genes controlled by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and play a crucial role in the metabolism and toxicity of numerous environmental toxicants. Inhibition of dopamine D2-receptors with sulpiride (SULP) significantly repressed the constitutive and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B expression in the rat liver. The expression of AhR, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) was suppressed by SULP in B[a]P-treated livers, whereas the AhRR expression was increased by the drug suggesting that the SULP-mediated repression of the CYP1 inducibility is due to inactivation of the AhR regulatory system. At signal transduction level, the D2-mediated down-regulation of constitutive CYP1A1/2 and CYP1B1 expression appears to be mediated by activation of the insulin/PI3K/AKT pathway. PRL-linked pathways exerting a negative control on various CYPs, and inactivation of the glucocorticoid-linked pathways that positively control the AhR-regulated CYP1 genes, may also participate in the SULP-mediated repression of both, the constitutive and induced CYP1 expression. The present findings indicate that drugs acting as D2-dopamine receptor antagonists can modify several hormone systems that regulate the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, and may affect the toxicity and carcinogenicity outcome of numerous toxicants and pre-carcinogenic substances. Therefore, these drugs could be considered as a part of the strategy to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental pollutants and pre-carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Harkitis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - E. P. Daskalopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - F. Malliou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - M. A. Lang
- University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - M. Marselos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - A. Fotopoulos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - G. Albucharali
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - M. Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Beclin-1-independent autophagy positively regulates internal ribosomal entry site-dependent translation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α under nutrient deprivation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7525-39. [PMID: 25115400 PMCID: PMC4202141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been shown to induce hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) expression to support many cellular changes required for tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to hypoxia, nutrient deprivation is another stress condition widely existing in solid tumors due to the poor blood supply. Our data showed that nutrient deprivation induces a significant HIF-1α protein expression and potentiates the HIF-1α responses of hypoxia and CoCl2. This effect is not because of enhancement of HIF-1α stability or transcription. Rather we found it is through the cap-independent but internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation. Notably inhibition of autophagy by si-ATG5, 3-methyladenine and chloroquine, but not si-Beclin-1, significantly reverses nutrient deprivation-induced HIF-1α responses. Furthermore, it is interesting to note the contribution of IRES activation for hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression, however, different from nutrient starvation, si-Beclin 1 but not si-ATG5 can inhibit hypoxia-induced HIF-1α IRES activation and protein expression. Taken together, we for the first time highlight a link from alternative autophagy to cap-independent protein translation of HIF-1α under two unique stress conditions. We demonstrate Beclin 1-independent autophagy is involved to positively regulate nutrient deprivation induced-HIF-1α IRES activity and protein expression, while ATG5-independent autophagy is involved in the HIF-1 IRES activation caused by hypoxia.
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Yalu R, Oyesiji AE, Eisenberg I, Imbar T, Meidan R. HIF1A-dependent increase in endothelin 2 levels in granulosa cells: role of hypoxia, LH/cAMP, and reactive oxygen species. Reproduction 2015; 149:11-20. [PMID: 25433027 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) and endothelin 2 (EDN2) are transiently expressed during the same time window in the developing corpus luteum (CL). In this study, we sought to investigate the involvement of LH/cAMP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a hypoxia-mimetic compound (CoCl2) on HIF1A expression and how it affected EDN2 levels, using transformed human granulosa cells (thGCs) and primary bovine granulosa cells (GCs). CoCl2 elevated HIF1A protein levels in thGCs in a dose-dependent manner. Forskolin alone had no significant effect; however, forskolin and CoCl2 together further induced HIF1A protein and EDN2 mRNA expression in thGCs. Similarly, in primary GCs, LH with CoCl2 synergistically augmented HIF1A protein levels, which resulted in higher expression of EDN2 and another well-known hypoxia-inducible gene, VEGF (VEGFA). Importantly, LH alone elevated HIF1A mRNA but not its protein. The successful knockdown of HIF1A in thGCs using siRNA abolished hypoxia-induced EDN2 and also the additive effect of forskolin and CoCl2. We then examined the roles of ROS in thGCs: hydrogen peroxide (20 and 50 μM) elevated HIF1A protein as well as the expression of EDN2, implying that induction of HIF1A protein levels is sufficient to stimulate the expression of EDN2 (and VEGF) in normoxia. A broad-range ROS scavenger, butylated hydroxyanisole, inhibited CoCl2-induced HIF1A protein with a concomitant reduction in the mRNA expression of EDN2 and VEGF in thGCs. The results obtained in this study suggest that HIF1A, induced by various stimuli, is an essential mediator of EDN2 mRNA expression. The results may also explain the rise in the levels of HIF1A-dependent genes (EDN2 and VEGF) in the developing CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Yalu
- Department of Animal SciencesThe Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adepeju Esther Oyesiji
- Department of Animal SciencesThe Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iris Eisenberg
- Department of Animal SciencesThe Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Imbar
- Department of Animal SciencesThe Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rina Meidan
- Department of Animal SciencesThe Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
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Chen R, Wang Y, Ning R, Hu J, Liu W, Xiong J, Wu L, Liu J, Hu G, Yang J. Decreased carboxylesterases expression and hydrolytic activity in type 2 diabetic mice through Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α/Stra13 pathway. Xenobiotica 2015; 45:782-93. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Chen YB, Fu M, Lan DL, Li J. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 Genes in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Bos grunniens and Lowland Bos taurus. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:20-4. [PMID: 25557672 PMCID: PMC4283185 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) play a pivotal role in regulating cellular hypoxic response. In this study, we cloned and characterized the genes encoding IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 to improve the current knowledge on their roles in highland Bos grunniens (Yak). We also compared their expression levels in the liver and kidney tissues between yaks and lowland cattle. We obtained full-length 465 bp IGF-1 and 792 bp IGFBP-1, encoding 154 amino acids (AA) IGF-1, and 263 AA IGFBP-1 protein, respectively using reverse transcriptase-polyerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology. Analysis of their corresponding amino acid sequences showed a high identity between B. grunniens and lowland mammals. Moreover, the two genes were proved to be widely distributed in the examined tissues through expression pattern analysis. Real-time PCR results revealed that IGF-1 expression was higher in the liver and kidney tissues in B. grunniens than in Bos taurus (p<0.05). The IGFBP-1 gene was expressed at a higher level in the liver (p<0.05) of B. taurus than B. grunniens, but it has a similar expression level in the kidneys of the two species. These results indicated that upregulated IGF-1 and downregulated IGFBP-1 are associated with hypoxia adaptive response in B. grunniens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Bing Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mei Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dao-Liang Lan
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China ; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Sohrabji F. Estrogen-IGF-1 interactions in neuroprotection: ischemic stroke as a case study. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 36:1-14. [PMID: 24882635 PMCID: PMC4247812 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormone 17b-estradiol and the peptide hormone insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 independently exert neuroprotective actions in neurologic diseases such as stroke. Only a few studies have directly addressed the interaction between the two hormone systems, however, there is a large literature that indicates potentially greater interactions between the 17b-estradiol and IGF-1 systems. The present review focuses on key issues related to this interaction including IGF-1 and sex differences and common activation of second messenger systems. Using ischemic stroke as a case study, this review also focuses on independent and cooperative actions of estrogen and IGF-1 on neuroprotection, blood brain barrier integrity, angiogenesis, inflammation and post-stroke epilepsy. Finally, the review also focuses on the astrocyte, a key mediator of post stroke repair, as a local source of 17b-estradiol and IGF-1. This review thus highlights areas where significant new research is needed to clarify the interactions between these two neuroprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, TAMHSC College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, United States.
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Liu BN, Han BX, Liu F. Neuroprotective effect of pAkt and HIF-1 α on ischemia rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:221-5. [PMID: 24507644 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the neuroprotective effect of pAkt and HIF-1 α on ischemia rats. METHODS The rat model of cerebral ischemia which induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was established, Silybin were given respectively. The behavior was measured by modified Longa method, brain water content were measured by the dry-wet method. Infarct volume was measured by image analysis method, Akt, HIF-1 α, Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κ B protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. The Akt, HIF-1 α, Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κ B mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS The control group, low-dose silibinin group and high-dose silibinin group showed paralytic of the left body of rats in various degrees, the brain water content increased and different infarction size. There was no abnormal of the neurobehavioral assessment and no cerebral infarction in the blank group. Compared with the control group, there was no significant improvement of neurological function (t=1.341, P=0.188) or significant changes of the infarct volume (t=1.737, P=0.091) in the low-dose silibinin group, while there was significantly improvement of the neurological function in the high dose silibinin group (t=12.979, P<0.001), and the infarct volume was significantly reduced (t=23.503, P<0.001), the difference had statistically significant. The brain water content of lesion side of the control group increased (t=43.536, P<0.001), while the brain water content of lesion side of the low-dose silibinin group and the high-dose silybin group were significantly reduced (t=25.571, P<0.001; t= 42.426, P<0.001). The differences were statistical significance. The p-Akt 473, p-Akt 308, HIF-1 α, Bax, NF-κ B protein and the Akt, Bax, NF-κ B mRNA expression were increased of the control group, while the Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression were decreased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), there was no significant change of the Akt protein expression and HIF-1 α mRNA in the control group (P>0.05). In the high dose silybin group, the p-Akt 473, p-Akt 308, HIF-1α, Bcl-2 protein and Akt, Bcl-2 mRNA expression were increased, while the Bax, NF-κ B protein and Bax, NF-κ B mRNA expression were decreased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), there was no significant change of the Akt protein expression and HIF-1 α mRNA in the high dose silybin group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS pAkt, HIF-1 α have neuroprotective effect on ischemia rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Nan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, Shandong Province, China; People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, No. 1920, Huiquan Road, Zhangqiu City, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo-Xiang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, Shandong Province, China; People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, No. 1920, Huiquan Road, Zhangqiu City, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, Shandong Province, China; People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, No. 1920, Huiquan Road, Zhangqiu City, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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43
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Zhang S, Ren M, Zeng X, He P, Ma X, Qiao S. Leucine stimulates ASCT2 amino acid transporter expression in porcine jejunal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2633-42. [PMID: 25063204 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leucine has been shown to influence intestinal protein metabolism, cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, our previous study demonstrated that branched-chain amino acids could modulate the intestinal amino acid and peptide transporters in vivo. As the possible mechanisms are still largely unknown, in the present work, we studied the transcriptional and translational regulation of leucine on amino acid transporter production in IPEC-J2 cells and the signaling pathways involved. Treatment of IPEC-J2 cells with 7.5 mM leucine enhanced the mRNA expression of the Na(+)-neutral AA exchanger 2 (ASCT2) and 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) and caused an increase in ASCT2 protein expression. Leucine also activated phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and eIF4E through the phosphorylation of mTOR, Akt and ERK signaling pathways in IPEC-J2 cells. Pre-treatment of IPEC-J2 cells with inhibitors of mTOR and Akt (rapamycin and wortmannin) or an inhibitor of ERK (PD098059) for 30 min before leucine treatment attenuated the positive effect of leucine in enhancing the protein abundance of ASCT2. These results demonstrate that leucine could up-regulate the expression of the amino acid transporters (ASCT2) through transcriptional and translational regulation by ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Gonsalves CS, Crable S, Chandra S, Li W, Kalra VK, Joiner CH. Angiogenic growth factors augment K-Cl cotransporter expression in erythroid cells via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:273-81. [PMID: 24227191 PMCID: PMC4223994 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The potassium chloride cotransporters (KCC) family of proteins are widely expressed and are involved in the transepithelial movement of potassium and chloride ions and the regulation of cell volume. KCC activity is high in reticulocytes, and contributes to the dehydration of sickle red blood cells. Because plasma levels of both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are elevated in sickle cell individuals, and VEGF has been shown to increase KCC expression in other cells, we hypothesized that VEGF and PlGF influence KCC expression in erythroid cells. Both VEGF and PlGF treatment of human erythroid K562 cells increased both mRNA and protein levels of KCC1, KCC3b, and KCC4. VEGF- and PlGF-mediated cellular signaling involved VEGF-R1 and downstream effectors, specifically, PI-3 kinase, p38 MAP kinase, mTOR, NADPH-oxidase, JNK kinase, and HIF-1α. VEGF and PlGF-mediated transcription of KCC3b and KCC4 involved hypoxia response element (HRE) motifs in their promoters, as demonstrated by promoter analysis, EMSA and ChiP. These results were corroborated in vivo by adenoviral-mediated overexpression of PlGF in normal mice, which led to increased expression of mKCC3 and mKCC4 in erythroid precursors. Our studies show that VEGF and PlGF regulate transcription of KCC3b and KCC4 in erythroid cells via activation of HIF-1α, independent of hypoxia. These studies provide novel therapeutic targets for regulation of cell volume in RBC precursors, and thus, amelioration of dehydration in RBCs in sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn S Gonsalves
- Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, California
| | - Scott Crable
- Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia
| | - Vijay K Kalra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, California
| | - Clinton H Joiner
- Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia
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45
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McCarthy TL, Yun Z, Madri JA, Centrella M. Stratified control of IGF-I expression by hypoxia and stress hormones in osteoblasts. Gene 2014; 539:141-51. [PMID: 24440782 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone cells respond to the integrated effects of local and systemic regulation. Here we show that hypoxia and the stress hormones PGE2 and glucocorticoid interact in complex ways in osteoblasts, converging on insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) expression. Whereas hypoxia alone rapidly increased transcription factor HIF activity, it suppressed DNA synthesis, had no significant effects on protein synthesis or alkaline phosphatase activity, and drove discrete changes in a panel of osteoblast mRNAs. Notably, hypoxia increased expression of the acute phase response transcription factor C/EBPδ which can induce IGF-I in response to PGE2, but conversely prevented the stimulatory effect of PGE2 on IGF-I mRNA. However, unlike its effect on C/EBPδ, hypoxia suppressed expression of the obligate osteoblast transcription factor Runx2, which can activate an upstream response element in the IGF-I gene promoter. Hypoxic inhibition of IGF-I and Runx2 were enforced by glucocorticoid, and continued with prolonged exposure. Our studies thus reveal that IGF-I expression is stratified by two critical transcriptional elements in osteoblasts, which are resolved by the individual and combined effects of hypoxic stress and stress hormones. In so doing, hypoxia suppresses Runx2, limits the enhancing influence of PGE2, and interacts with glucocorticoid to reduce IGF-I expression by osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L McCarthy
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT 06520-8041, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA.
| | - Zhong Yun
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Therapeutic Radiology, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
| | - Joseph A Madri
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA
| | - Michael Centrella
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT 06520-8041, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA.
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46
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Yan YE, Zhang J, Wang K, Xu Y, Ren K, Zhang BY, Shi M, Chen C, Shi Q, Tian C, Zhao G, Dong XP. Significant Reduction of the GLUT3 Level, but not GLUT1 Level, Was Observed in the Brain Tissues of Several Scrapie Experimental Animals and Scrapie-Infected Cell Lines. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:991-1004. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Shi L, Sun X, Zhang J, Zhao C, Li H, Liu Z, Fang C, Wang X, Zhao C, Zhang X, Zhou F, Lu S, Luo R, Zhang B. Gab2 expression in glioma and its implications for tumor invasion. Acta Oncol 2013; 52:1739-50. [PMID: 23231021 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2012.750032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are characterized by high invasiveness and poor prognosis. Better understanding of the mechanism of invasion in glioma cells is essential to the design of effective therapy. Recently Grb2-associated binder 2 (Gab2), a member of the DOS/Gab family of scaffolding adapters, has been reported to play important roles in the development and progression of human cancers. However, it is not known whether Gab2 has any role in the migration and invasion of gliomas. This study attempts to investigate the association between Gab2 expression and progression of gliomas and the molecular mechanism of Gab2 in the glioma cell invasion. Methods. The expression of Gab2 in pairs of matched glioma tissues and their normal brain tissues was detected by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was applied to evaluate the expression of Gab2 in 163 cases of histologically diagnosed gliomas. The invasive character of Gab2 decreased glioma cells and control glioma cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo in SCID mice brain. Results. Gab2 is found to be high expressed in gliomas and a subset of cancer cell lines. Statistical analysis suggested that the up-regulation of Gab2 correlated with the WHO grade of gliomas (p < 0.01) and that patients with high Gab2 expression levels exhibited shorter survival time (p < 0.01). In an animal experiment, knockdown of Gab2 through siRNA inhibited invasive ability of glioma cells into the brain of SCID mice. In cell research, reduction of Gab2 by siRNA inhibits the migration and invasion of glioma cells by mediating cytoskeleton rearrangement and MMPs expression. Additionally, IGF-1-induced pAkt and pmTOR phosphorylation was suppressed by the knockdown of Gab2. Conclusion. Gab2 may be a useful prognostic marker for gliomas and a novel therapeutic target for glioma invasion intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
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Janzen C, Lei MYY, Cho J, Sullivan P, Shin BC, Devaskar SU. Placental glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) is up-regulated in human pregnancies complicated by late-onset intrauterine growth restriction. Placenta 2013; 34:1072-8. [PMID: 24011442 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transport of glucose from maternal blood across the placental trophoblastic tissue barrier is critical to sustain fetal growth. The mechanism by which GLUTs are regulated in trophoblasts in response to ischemic hypoxia encountered with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has not been suitably investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate placental expression of GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 and possible mechanisms of GLUT regulation in idiopathic IUGR. METHODS We analyzed clinical, biochemical and histological data from placentas collected from women affected by idiopathic full-term IUGR (n = 10) and gestational age-matched healthy controls (n = 10). RESULTS We found increased GLUT3 protein expression in the trophoblast (cytotrophoblast greater than syncytiotrophoblast) on the maternal aspect of the placenta in IUGR compared to normal placenta, but no differences in GLUT1 or GLUT4 were found. No differential methylation of the GLUT3 promoter between normal and IUGR placentas was observed. Increased GLUT3 expression was associated with an increased nuclear concentration of HIF-1α, suggesting hypoxia may play a role in the up-regulation of GLUT3. DISCUSSION Further studies are needed to elucidate whether increased GLUT3 expression in IUGR is a marker for defective villous maturation or an adaptive response of the trophoblast in response to chronic hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IUGR have increased trophoblast expression of GLUT3, as found under the low-oxygen conditions of the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Janzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Li W, Wang J, Chen QD, Qian X, Li Q, Yin Y, Shi ZM, Wang L, Lin J, Liu LZ, Jiang BH. Insulin promotes glucose consumption via regulation of miR-99a/mTOR/PKM2 pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64924. [PMID: 23762265 PMCID: PMC3677911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is known to regulate multiple cellular functions and is used for the treatment of diabetes. MicroRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in many human diseases, including Type 2 diabetes. In this study, we showed that insulin decreased miR-99a expression levels, but induced glucose consumption and lactate production, and increased the expression of mTOR, HIF-1α and PKM2 in HepG2 and HL7702 cells. Forced expression of miR-99a or rapamycin treatment blocked insulin-induced PKM2 and HIF-1α expression, and glucose consumption and lactate production. Meanwhile, knockdown of HIF-1α inhibited PKM2 expression and insulin-induced glucose consumption. Taken together, these findings will reveal the role and mechanism of insulin in regulating glycolytic activities via miR-99a/mTOR.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glucose/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Lactates/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Thyroid Hormones/genetics
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu-Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu-Mei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Faculty of Software, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Thamotharan S, Raychaudhuri N, Tomi M, Shin BC, Devaskar SU. Hypoxic adaptation engages the CBP/CREST-induced coactivator complex of Creb-HIF-1α in transactivating murine neuroblastic glucose transporter. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E583-98. [PMID: 23321477 PMCID: PMC3602690 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00513.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have shown in vitro a hypoxia-induced time-dependent increase in facilitative glucose transporter isoform 3 (GLUT3) expression in N2A murine neuroblasts. This increase in GLUT3 expression is partially reliant on a transcriptional increase noted in actinomycin D and cycloheximide pretreatment experiments. Transient transfection assays in N2A neuroblasts using murine glut3-luciferase reporter constructs mapped the hypoxia-induced enhancer activities to -857- to -573-bp and -203- to -177-bp regions. Hypoxia-exposed N2A nuclear extracts demonstrated an increase in HIF-1α and p-Creb binding to HRE (-828 to -824 bp) and AP-1 (-187 to -180 bp) cis-elements, respectively, in electromobility shift and supershift assays, which was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, the interaction of CBP with Creb and HIF-1α and CREST with CBP in hypoxia was detected by coimmunoprecipitation. Furthermore, small interference (si)RNA targeting Creb in these cells decreased endogenous Creb concentrations that reduced by twofold hypoxia-induced glut3 gene transcription. Thus, in N2A neuroblasts, phosphorylated HIF-1α and Creb mediated the hypoxia-induced increase in glut3 transcription. Coactivation by the Ca⁺⁺-dependent CREST and CBP proteins may enhance cross-talk between p-Creb-AP-1 and HIF-1α/HRE of the glut3 gene. Collectively, these processes can facilitate an adaptive response to hypoxic energy depletion targeted at enhancing glucose transport and minimizing injury while fueling the proliferative potential of neuroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthie Thamotharan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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