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Bahar R, Chegeni MJ, Tahvildari A, Sani M, Khakpour Y, Hashemabady M, Sagharichi M, Balaghirad N, Taghizadeh M, Mehranpour M, Bayat AH, Fathi M, Vakili K, Roustaee S, Nourirad SN, Babaei MR, Aliaghaei A, Eskandari N, Lahiji H. Bromelain decreases oxidative stress and Neuroinflammation and improves motor function in adult male rats with cerebellar Ataxia induced by 3-acetylpyridine. Neuropeptides 2024; 107:102455. [PMID: 39094391 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Bromelain is a plant-based molecule with antioxidant, antithrombotic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Bromelain has been shown to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to determine whether bromelain can prevent ataxia in rats caused by 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP). Thirty-six albino rats were divided into the control, 3-AP, and 3-AP + Brom groups. In the 3-AP + Brom group, bromelain was injected intraperitoneally at 40 mg/kg daily for 30 days. Various techniques such as rotarod, electromyography (EMG), elevated plus maze, IHC, and Sholl analysis were used to evaluate the possible effects of bromelain on cerebellar neurons and glial cells. The results demonstrated significant improvements in most of the 3-AP + Brom, including motor coordination, neuromuscular response, anxiety, oxidative capacity, microgliosis, astrogliosis, cell death, and morphological variables compared to the 3-AP group. The mechanism of action of bromelain in restoring cerebellar ataxia needs further investigation, but it may be a candidate to help restore degeneration in animals with ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bahar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jahani Chegeni
- Medical Radiation Research Center, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Tahvildari
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sani
- Integrative Brain Health and Wellness, Neuroscience, Neuronutrition, Psychology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Neurocognitive, Cognitive Enhancement, Brain Health Optimization, SNSI-Sanineurosapiens Institute, Hanover, Germany
| | - Yaser Khakpour
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemabady
- Student Research Committee, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mastooreh Sagharichi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nika Balaghirad
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehranpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Bayat
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan Roustaee
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Naghmeh Nourirad
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Babaei
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Eskandari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran.
| | - Hormoz Lahiji
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Halder B, Ghosh S, Khan T, Pal S, Das N, Sen P. Tracking heterogenous protein aggregation at nanoscale through fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:989-999. [PMID: 39032082 DOI: 10.1111/php.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Various biophysical techniques have been extensively employed to study protein aggregation due to its significance. Traditionally, these methods detect aggregation at micrometer length scales and micromolar concentrations. However, unlike in vitro, protein aggregation typically occurs at nanomolar concentrations in vivo. Here, using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), we captured bromelain aggregation at concentrations as low as ~20 nM, surpassing the detection limit of traditional methods like thioflavin T fluorescence, scattering, and fluorescence microscopy by more than one order of magnitude. Moreover, using thioflavin T fluorescence-based FCS, we have detected larger aggregates at higher bromelain concentrations, which is undetectable in FCS otherwise. Importantly, our study reveals inherent heterogeneity in bromelain aggregation, inaccessible to ensemble-averaged techniques. The presented report may provide a platform for the characterization of premature aggregates at very low protein concentrations, which are thought to be functionally significant species in protein aggregation-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisal Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Shreya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Tanmoy Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Subhendu Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Nilimesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Pratik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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3
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Mecca M, Sichetti M, Giuseffi M, Giglio E, Sabato C, Sanseverino F, Marino G. Synergic Role of Dietary Bioactive Compounds in Breast Cancer Chemoprevention and Combination Therapies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1883. [PMID: 38931238 PMCID: PMC11206589 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women. Chemotherapy is the gold standard for cancer treatment; however, severe side effects and tumor resistance are the major obstacles to chemotherapy success. Numerous dietary components and phytochemicals have been found to inhibit the molecular and signaling pathways associated with different stages of breast cancer development. In particular, this review is focused on the antitumor effects of PUFAs, dietary enzymes, and glucosinolates against breast cancer. The major databases were consulted to search in vitro and preclinical studies; only those with solid scientific evidence and reporting protective effects on breast cancer treatment were included. A consistent number of studies highlighted that dietary components and phytochemicals can have remarkable therapeutic effects as single agents or in combination with other anticancer agents, administered at different concentrations and via different routes of administration. These provide a natural strategy for chemoprevention, reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence, impair cell proliferation and viability, and induce apoptosis. Some of these bioactive compounds of dietary origin, however, show poor solubility and low bioavailability; hence, encapsulation in nanoformulations are promising tools able to increase clinical efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisabel Mecca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Marzia Sichetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Martina Giuseffi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Eugenia Giglio
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Sabato
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Francesca Sanseverino
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| | - Graziella Marino
- Unit of Breast Cancer, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
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Gharib-Naseri K, Kheravii SK, Nguyen HT, Wu SB. Bromelain can reduce the negative effects of a subclinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103560. [PMID: 38417336 PMCID: PMC10907841 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of a bromelain-based supplementation coded ANR-pf on growth performance and intestinal lesion of broiler chickens under necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge. A total of 540 Ross 308 day-old male chicks were randomly allocated into 6 treatments of 6 replicates. The bromelain formulation was delivered to chickens through gavaging or in drinking water method twice, on d 8 and 13. Nonchallenged groups included 1) without or 2) with the specific bromelain formulation gavaged at 0.8 mL/kg. NE-challenged groups included 3) without the specific bromelain formulation; 4) gavaged with 0.4 mL/kg; 5) gavaged with 0.8 mL/kg and 6) supplemented with 0.8 mL/kg via drinking water. Birds were challenged with Eimeria spp. on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens (NE-18 strain) on d 14 and 15. On d 14 and 19, fresh faecal contents were collected for the determination of oocyst counts. Intestinal lesion scores were determined on d16. Performance and mortality were recorded throughout the entire experiment. Among challenged groups, birds received additive via drinking water had higher weight gain (WG) compared to the remaining groups (P < 0.001) in the grower phase and had lower FCR compared to 0.4 mL/kg inoculated group in the grower and finisher phases (P < 0.001). Bromelain supplementation via drinking water improved the WG of challenged birds, similar to that of the nonchallenged birds (P < 0.001), and lowered FCR compared to other challenged groups (P < 0.001). Nonchallenged birds and birds that received bromelain formulation in drinking water did not have lesions throughout the small intestine whereas challenged birds, either un-supplemented or supplemented with bromelain via inoculation route recorded similar lesion score levels in the jejunum. At d 19, birds received bromelain in drinking water had lower fecal oocyst numbers compared to challenged birds without additive (P < 0.001). In conclusion, bromelain administration via drinking water could ameliorate the negative impacts of NE-infection in broilers by improving performance, lowering the oocyst numbers and lesion scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Gharib-Naseri
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Hong Thi Nguyen
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
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Saghafi Y, Baharifar H, Najmoddin N, Asefnejad A, Maleki H, Sajjadi-Jazi SM, Bonkdar A, Shams F, Khoshnevisan K. Bromelain- and Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Polycaprolactone/Chitosan Nanofibrous Dressings for Skin Wound Healing. Gels 2023; 9:672. [PMID: 37623127 PMCID: PMC10454236 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A cutaneous wound is caused by various injuries in the skin, which can be wrapped with an efficient dressing. Electrospinning is a straightforward adjustable technique that quickly and continuously generates nanofibrous wound dressings containing antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents to promote wound healing. The present study investigated the physicochemical and biological properties of bromelain (BRO)- and silver nanoparticle (Ag NPs)-loaded gel-based electrospun polycaprolactone/chitosan (PCL/CS) nanofibrous dressings for wound-healing applications. Electron microscopy results showed that the obtained nanofibers (NFs) had a uniform and homogeneous morphology without beads with an average diameter of 176 ± 63 nm. The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) analysis exhibited the loading of the components. Moreover, adding BRO and Ag NPs increased the tensile strength of the NFs up to 4.59 MPa. BRO and Ag NPs did not significantly affect the hydrophilicity and toxicity of the obtained wound dressing; however, the antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria was significantly improved. The in vivo study showed that the wound dressing containing BRO and Ag NPs improved the wound-healing process within one week compared to other groups. Therefore, gel-based PCL/CS nanofibrous dressings containing BRO and Ag NPs could be a promising solution for healing skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Saghafi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (Y.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Hadi Baharifar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (Y.S.); (N.N.)
- Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
- Research and Development Team, Evolution Wound Dressing (EWD) Startup Co., Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Najmeh Najmoddin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (Y.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Azadeh Asefnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (Y.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Hassan Maleki
- Research and Development Team, Evolution Wound Dressing (EWD) Startup Co., Tehran 1983963113, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Research and Development Team, Evolution Wound Dressing (EWD) Startup Co., Tehran 1983963113, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Alireza Bonkdar
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983963113, Iran;
| | - Forough Shams
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983963113, Iran;
| | - Kamyar Khoshnevisan
- Research and Development Team, Evolution Wound Dressing (EWD) Startup Co., Tehran 1983963113, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983963113, Iran;
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6
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Mekkawy AH, Breakeit M, Pillai K, Badar S, Akhter J, Valle SJ, Morris DL. Intraperitoneal BromAc ® Does Not Interfere with the Healing of Colon Anastomosis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3321. [PMID: 37444430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of bromelain and acetylcysteine, BromAc®, is an efficient intraperitoneal mucolytic for thick mucus secreted in pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Patients with PMP quite often undergo colon anastomosis. Hence, we investigated the effect of the intraperitoneal delivery of BromAc® on colon-anastomosis healing in a rat model. Sixteen Wistar rats were divided into two groups (N = 8). The controls received intraperitoneal saline after anastomosis, whilst the other group received BromAc®. They were monitored for body-weight and general health parameters. Half the rats in each group (N = 4) were culled at 4 or 13 days post-surgery for assessment. The healing process of the tissues was assessed by burst pressure and collagen density with histology to assess the integrity of the internal organs. The results indicated that there was a similar pattern of weight fluctuation during the experiment, although the rats treated with the BromAc® showed slightly greater weight loss during the first 4 days. Although the burst pressure was similar in both groups, the BromAc® group at day 13 showed a slightly higher burst pressure, which was complemented by a higher collagen density (albeit not statistically significant). The histology of the internal organs was comparable to those of the controls. This study indicates that the intraperitoneal delivery of BromAc® in a rat model does not interfere with the healing process of colonic anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Mekkawy
- Mucpharm Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Mohammad Breakeit
- Mucpharm Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Krishna Pillai
- Mucpharm Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Samina Badar
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Javed Akhter
- Mucpharm Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Sarah J Valle
- Mucpharm Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - David L Morris
- Mucpharm Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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Pezzani R, Jiménez-Garcia M, Capó X, Sönmez Gürer E, Sharopov F, Rachel TYL, Ntieche Woutouoba D, Rescigno A, Peddio S, Zucca P, Tsouh Fokou PV, Martorell M, Gulsunoglu-Konuskan Z, Ydyrys A, Bekzat T, Gulmira T, Hano C, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Anticancer properties of bromelain: State-of-the-art and recent trends. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1068778. [PMID: 36698404 PMCID: PMC9869248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1068778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a key enzyme found in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.); a proteolytic substance with multiple beneficial effects for human health such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic, traditionally used in many countries for its potential therapeutic value. The aim of this updated and comprehensive review focuses on the potential anticancer benefits of bromelain, analyzing the cytotoxic, apoptotic, necrotic, autophagic, immunomodulating, and anti-inflammatory effects in cancer cells and animal models. Detailed information about Bromelain and its anticancer effects at the cellular, molecular and signaling levels were collected from online databases such as PubMed/MedLine, TRIP database, GeenMedical, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The results of the analyzed studies showed that Bromelain possesses corroborated pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-edema, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-coagulant, anti-osteoarthritis, anti-trauma pain, anti-diarrhea, wound repair. Nonetheless, bromelain clinical studies are scarce and still more research is needed to validate the scientific value of this enzyme in human cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Pezzani
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base (AIROB), Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Research Institution “Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products” of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | | | - David Ntieche Woutouoba
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Peddio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Zehra Gulsunoglu-Konuskan
- Faculty of Health Science, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alibek Ydyrys
- Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan,The Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tynybekov Bekzat
- Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Tussupbekova Gulmira
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Orleans, Chartres, France,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
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Tallei TE, Fatimawali, Yelnetty A, Niode NJ, Kusumawaty D, Kepel BJ, Rahimah S, Effendi Y, Idroes R, Tumilaar SG, Mahmud S, Emran TB. Prediction of the activity of carbohydrate moiety of bromelain as immunomodulator using an in silico approach. AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Bromelain Modulates Liver Injury, Hematological, Molecular, and Biochemical Perturbations Induced by Aluminum via Oxidative Stress Inhibition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5342559. [PMID: 36452063 PMCID: PMC9705099 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5342559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an important factor in the environment as it is used in agriculture and several industries leading to hazardous effects via oxidative stress. Bromelain is a cheap extract from the byproduct waste of Ananas comosus stem. It has been used in several biological and therapeutic applications. So, this study was undertaken to assess the hepatoprotective potential of bromelain versus oxidative stress induced by aluminum chloride in rats. Results revealed that administration of AlCl3 reduced the body and liver weights and increased Al concentration in the blood and liver tissue. Also, AlCl3 caused valuable changes in hematological parameters and increased TBARS and H2O2 concentrations in rat liver. Enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST) and nonenzymatic (GSH) antioxidants and protein content were significantly decreased. Furthermore, alterations in liver biomarkers such as bilirubin level and enzyme activities in both serum and liver homogenate (LDH, ALP, AST, and ALT) were detected. AlCl3 also caused inflammation as indicated by upregulation of the inflammation-related genes [interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)], tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9), and downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) expression. In addition, histopathological examination showed significant variations in the liver that confirms the biochemical results. Otherwise, bromelain intake alone slumped lipid peroxidation and gotten better antioxidant status significantly. Moreover, supplementation with bromelain before AlCl3 intoxication restores enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants as well as biochemical indices and tissue architecture with respect to the AlCl3 group. In conclusion, bromelain proved its remarkable protective power to abolish AlCl3 toxicity. So, it might represent a new strategy in the therapy of metal toxicity by its antioxidant capacity.
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Razali R, Fahrudin FA, Subbiah VK, Takano K, Budiman C. Heterologous Expression and Catalytic Properties of Codon-Optimized Small-Sized Bromelain from MD2 Pineapple. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186031. [PMID: 36144767 PMCID: PMC9502857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a unique enzyme-based bioactive complex containing a mixture of cysteine proteases specifically found in the stems and fruits of pineapple (Ananas comosus) with a wide range of applications. MD2 pineapple harbors a gene encoding a small bromelain cysteine protease with the size of about 19 kDa, which might possess unique properties compared to the other cysteine protease bromelain. This study aims to determine the expressibility and catalytic properties of small-sized (19 kDa) bromelain from MD2 pineapple (MD2-SBro). Accordingly, the gene encoding MD2-SBro was firstly optimized in its codon profile, synthesized, and inserted into the pGS-21a vector. The insolubly expressed MD2-SBro was then resolubilized and refolded using urea treatment, followed by purification by glutathione S-transferase (GST) affinity chromatography, yielding 14 mg of pure MD2-SBro from 1 L of culture. The specific activity and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of MD2-SBro were 3.56 ± 0.08 U mg−1 and 4.75 ± 0.23 × 10−3 µM−1 s−1, respectively, where optimally active at 50 °C and pH 8.0, and modulated by divalent ions. The MD2-SBro also exhibited the ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) with an IC50 of 0.022 mg mL−1. Altogether, this study provides the production feasibility of active and functional MD2-Bro as a bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafida Razali
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fikran Aranda Fahrudin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Vijay Kumar Subbiah
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kazufumi Takano
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Cahyo Budiman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Microbial biotechnology approaches for conversion of pineapple waste in to emerging source of healthy food for sustainable environment. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 373:109714. [PMID: 35567891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Rajan PK, Dunna NR, Venkatabalasubramanian S. A comprehensive overview on the anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and ferroptosis functions of bromelain: an emerging cysteine protease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:615-625. [PMID: 35176951 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2042250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bromelain belongs to the cysteine protease endopeptidase class of enzymes isolated from the stem and fruit tissue component of Ananas comosus. The commercial and translational therapeutic potential of bromelain is ever increasing due to its augmented stability, easier purification, and salubrious pan-cancer effects. AREAS COVERED This paper presents the current state of knowledge about the isolation methods of bromelain, its safety, efficacy and tolerability. In addition, bromelains<apos;> role in eliciting pharmacological effects and its healing ability to mitigate cancer side effects based on accumulated in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence is relatively considerable. EXPERT OPINION Identification of molecular targets and crucial signalling pathways that bromelain regulates suggest it genuinely prospects for combating cancer and mitigation of chemotherapy or radiotherapy mediated side effects. Further research on the development of bromelain-entrapped drug delivery systems for augmented enzyme stability, processing ability and translational potential against cancer can be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajitha K Rajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA - Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalasubramanian
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, India
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Xu X, Wu Y, Qian X, Wang Y, Wang J, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Z. Nanomedicine Strategies to Circumvent Intratumor Extracellular Matrix Barriers for Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101428. [PMID: 34706400 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The dense and heterogeneous physical network of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumors represents a formidable barrier that limits intratumor drug delivery and the therapeutic efficacy of many anticancer therapies. Here, the two major nanomedicine strategies to circumvent intratumor ECM barriers: regulating the physiochemical properties of nanomedicines and remodeling the components and structure of the ECM are summarized. Nanomedicines can be rationally regulated by optimizing physiochemical properties or designed with biomimetic features to promote ECM permeation capability. Meanwhile, they can also be designed to remodel the ECM by modulating signaling pathways or destroying the components and architecture of the ECM via chemical, biological, or physical treatments. These efforts produce profound improvements in intratumor drug delivery and anticancer efficacy. Moreover, to aid in their anticancer efficacy, feasible approaches for improving ECM-circumventing nanomedicines are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xindi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations Yantai Institute of Materia Medica Shandong 264000 China
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Jančič U, Gorgieva S. Bromelain and Nisin: The Natural Antimicrobials with High Potential in Biomedicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:76. [PMID: 35056972 PMCID: PMC8778819 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases along with various cancer types are among the most significant public health problems and the leading cause of death worldwide. The situation has become even more complex with the rapid development of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. New drugs are urgently needed to curb the increasing spread of diseases in humans and livestock. Promising candidates are natural antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, and therapeutic enzymes, extracted from medicinal plants. This review highlights the structure and properties of plant origin bromelain and antimicrobial peptide nisin, along with their mechanism of action, the immobilization strategies, and recent applications in the field of biomedicine. Future perspectives towards the commercialization of new biomedical products, including these important bioactive compounds, have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Jančič
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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15
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Hikisz P, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J. Beneficial Properties of Bromelain. Nutrients 2021; 13:4313. [PMID: 34959865 PMCID: PMC8709142 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a major sulfhydryl proteolytic enzyme found in pineapple plants, having multiple activities in many areas of medicine. Due to its low toxicity, high efficiency, high availability, and relative simplicity of acquisition, it is the object of inexhaustible interest of scientists. This review summarizes scientific reports concerning the possible application of bromelain in treating cardiovascular diseases, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders, infectious diseases, inflammation-associated diseases, and many types of cancer. However, for the proper application of such multi-action activities of bromelain, further exploration of the mechanism of its action is needed. It is supposed that the anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and anti-coagulatory activity of bromelain may become a complementary therapy for COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients. During the irrepressible spread of novel variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such beneficial properties of this biomolecule might help prevent escalation and the progression of the COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Hikisz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Mekkawy MH, Fahmy HA, Nada AS, Ali OS. Radiosensitizing Effect of Bromelain Using Tumor Mice Model via Ki-67 and PARP-1 Inhibition. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211060369. [PMID: 34825602 PMCID: PMC8649096 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that bromelain (BL), a pineapple extract, acts as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment and prevention of carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the possible mechanisms by which BL could radiosensitize tumor cells in vitro and in a mouse tumor model. BL has shown a significant reduction in the viability of the radioresistant human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell line using cell proliferation assay. The in vivo study was designed using the Ehrlich model in female albino mice, treated with BL (6 mg/kg b. wt., intraperitoneal, once daily for 10 days) 1 hour before exposure to a fractionated dose of gamma radiation (5 Gy, 1 Gy for 5 subsequent days). The radiosensitizing effect of BL was evident in terms of a significant reduction in tumor volume, poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), the proliferation marker Ki-67 and nuclear factor kappa activated B cells (NF-κB) with a significant elevation in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in tumor cells. The present findings offer a novel insight into the radiosensitizing effect of BL and its potential application in the radiotherapy course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai H Mekkawy
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Fahmy
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Nada
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola S Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bromelain, a Group of Pineapple Proteolytic Complex Enzymes ( Ananas comosus) and Their Possible Therapeutic and Clinical Effects. A Summary. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102249. [PMID: 34681298 PMCID: PMC8534447 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a complex combination of multiple endopeptidases of thiol and other compounds derived from the pineapple fruit, stem and/or root. Fruit bromelain and stem bromelain are produced completely distinctly and comprise unique compounds of enzymes, and the descriptor “Bromelain” originally referred in actuality to stem bromelain. Due to the efficacy of oral administration in the body, as a safe phytotherapeutic medication, bromelain was commonly suited for patients due to lack of compromise in its peptidase efficacy and the absence of undesired side effects. Various in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that they are anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic, and facilitate the death of apoptotic cells. The pharmacological properties of bromelain are, in part, related to its arachidonate cascade modulation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, such as interference with malignant cell growth; anti-inflammatory action; fibrinolytic activity; skin debridement properties, and reduction of the severe effects of SARS-Cov-2. In this paper, we concentrated primarily on the potential of bromelain’s important characteristics and meditative and therapeutic effects, along with the possible mechanism of action.
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Amini Chermahini F, Raeisi E, Aazami MH, Mirzaei A, Heidarian E, Lemoigne Y. Does Bromelain-Cisplatin Combination Afford In-Vitro Synergistic Anticancer Effects on Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cell Line, PC3? Galen Med J 2021; 9:e1749. [PMID: 34466585 PMCID: PMC8343875 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Bromelain enhances anticancer impacts to chemotherapeutic agents. The question as to whether bromelain does promote in-vitro cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of cisplatin on human prostatic carcinoma PC3 cell line was investigated.
Materials and Methods:
PC3 (human prostatic carcinoma) cells were treated either single or in combination with bromelain and/or cisplatin. MTT, clonogenic assay, flow cytometry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate cell viability, colony formation, proapoptotic potential and p53 gene expression, respectively.
Results:
Cisplatin (IC10) combined with bromelain (IC40) significantly affected PC3 cell viability, inhibited colony formation, as well increased p53 proapoptotic gene expression compared to cisplatin single treatment. Nevertheless, bromelain-cisplatin chemoherbal combination did not display any additive proapoptotic effect compared to single treatments.
Conclusion:
Bromelain-cisplatin chemoherbal combination demonstrated synergistic in-vitro anticancer effect on human prostatic carcinoma cell line, PC3, that drastically reduced required cisplatin dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amini Chermahini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Raeisi
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Correspondence to: Elham Raeisi, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Rahmatiyeh, Shahrekord, Iran Telephone Number: +983833346692 Email Address:
| | - Mathias Hossain Aazami
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Kashani and Hajar University Hospitals, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirzaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Yves Lemoigne
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute for Medical Physics, Ambilly, France
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Majumder D, Debnath R, Nath P, Libin Kumar KV, Debnath M, Tribedi P, Maiti D. Bromelain and Olea europaea (L.) leaf extract mediated alleviation of benzo(a)pyrene induced lung cancer through Nrf2 and NFκB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47306-47326. [PMID: 33893581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most aggressive as well as deadly form of cancer and most of the lung cancer cases are involved in direct smoking or passive smoking. Oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation regulated by some transcription factors like Nrf2, NF-κB etc. play important roles in lung cancer. Various combinations of therapies are currently attributed to lung cancer treatment. A plethora of evidence supports that the consumption of plant-derived foods can prevent chronic diseases like cancer. Leaves of olive (Olea europaea L.) are rich in phenolic compounds which are having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property. Also, bromelain from pineapple juice and from pineapple stem is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. We took a pragmatic approach to prevent carcinogenesis by supplementing the combination of these two extracts. In this study, we have tried to evaluate the amelioration of various hallmarks associated with benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis upon the combinatorial treatment of ethanolic olive leaf extract (EOLE) and bromelain. We have studied the role of EOLE in amelioration of BaP-induced oxidative stress in the lung. As several reports of anticancer activity of bromelain are available, we have combined EOLE with bromelain to study their protective role against BaP-mediated lung damage. Changes in DNA integrity, LPO level in lung after EOLE-treated animal were examined. Then, we have evaluated the synergistic role of EOLE and bromelain. We have found that EOLE in combination with bromelain was able to increase the translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus and decrease the translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus. Combination of treatment also reduced the expression of TNFα, IL-6, and some matrix metalloproteinases in lung tissue. Our findings suggest that EOLE and bromelain can synergistically reduce the BaP-induced lung carcinogenesis associated with inflammation and oxidative stress via regulating the expression of various inflammatory markers and also modulating the activity of pulmonary antioxidant armories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Majumder
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Rahul Debnath
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Priyatosh Nath
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar Tripura, 799022, India
| | | | - Mousumi Debnath
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Prosun Tribedi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar Tripura, 799022, India.
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Mekkawy MH, Fahmy HA, Nada AS, Ali OS. Study of the Radiosensitizing and Radioprotective Efficacy of Bromelain (a Pineapple Extract): In Vitro and In Vivo. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420950468. [PMID: 32783540 PMCID: PMC7425266 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420950468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study hypothesizes that, bromelain (BL) acts as radiosensitizer of tumor cells and that it protects normal cells from radiation effects. In vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out to prove that assumption. In vitro MTT cell proliferation assay has shown that the irradiated Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell line could be sensitized by BL pretreatment. In vivo: animals were randomly divided into 5 groups, Group 1: control (PBS i.p for 10 days), Group 2: Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) bearing mice, Group 3: EST + γ-radiation (fractionated dose, 1 Gy × 5), Group 4: EST + BL (6 mg/kg, i.p), daily for 10 days, Group 5: EST + BL for 10 days followed by γ-irradiation (1 Gy × 5). The size and weight of tumors in gamma-irradiated EST bearing mice treated with BL decreased significantly with a significant amelioration in the histopathological examination. Besides, BL mitigated the effect of γ-irradiation on the liver relative gene expression of poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1), nuclear factor kappa activated B cells (NF-κB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), and it restored liver function via amelioration of paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and albumin (ALB). It is concluded that BL can be considered as a radio-sensitizer and radio-protector, suggesting a possible role in reducing radiation exposure dose during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai H Mekkawy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Fahmy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Nada
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola S Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bottega R, Persico I, De Seta F, Romano F, Di Lorenzo G. Anti-inflammatory properties of a proprietary bromelain extract (Bromeyal™) after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211034686. [PMID: 34387509 PMCID: PMC8366142 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211034686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bromelain is a complex mixture of thiol proteases and other non-proteolytic constituents, commercially extracted primarily from the pineapple stem. Evidence from several in vitro and in vivo studies highlights its excellent bioavailability, lack of side effects, and broad spectrum of medical efficacies, of which the antiphlogistic properties are among the most valuable ones. Bromelain has indeed been employed for the efficient treatment of many inflammatory disorders, ranging from osteoarthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases to cancer-related inflammation. Methods The aim of the current study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of bromelain after gastrointestinal digestion simulated in vitro using stomach, intestinal, and chondrocyte human cellular models (AGS, Caco-2, and SW1353, respectively). Results We successfully demonstrated the capability of bromelain to reduce an inflammatory stimulus by reproducing its exposure to the gastro-enteric environment in vitro and assaying its effect in human cell lines derived from stomach, intestinal, and chondrocytes. Conclusion Consistently with the previously published data, our work underpins the relevance of bromelain in the development of safer and more effective anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bottega
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Persico
- Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
- Federico Romano, Department of Obsterics and Gynaecology, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, via Dell’Istria, 65/1, Trieste 34137, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Di Lorenzo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
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22
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Development and validation of UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors, alectinib, ceritinib, and crizotinib in Wistar rat plasma with application to bromelain-induced pharmacokinetic interaction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114276. [PMID: 34325247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bromelain, the aqueous extract of pineapple, has been used as a food supplement with reported nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Bromelain has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and fibrinolytic effects. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, including alectinib (ALC), ceritinib (CER), and crizotinib (CRZ), have been efficiently used in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The solubility of ALC, CER, and CRZ is much higher at low acidic pH (pH 1) and it decreases as the pH increases affecting their absorption with a subsequent decrease in their bioavailability. It was thought that the intake of bromelain could result in a decrease in the bioavailability of ALC, CER, and CRZ due to bromelain-induced alkalizing effect following digestion. On the contrary, bromelain could possibly increase plasma exposure of the cited drugs due to its known muco-permeation enhancing effect. The therapeutic-anticancer effect of bromelain can be possibly increased/enhanced with concomitant intake of other anticancer medications or it can add to the value of food supplements for its known nutritional benefits. Thus, this work aims at studying the possibility of any PK interaction when bromelain was taken while on ALC/CER/CRZ therapy. In this work, a new UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ALC, CER, and CRZ in rat plasma. Further application of the proposed method was performed to test the possibility of the PK interaction between bromelain and the selected ALK inhibitors in Wistar rats. Simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used for sample preparation. Chromatographic analysis was performed on Waters BEH™ C18 column with a mixture of acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % formic acid (70: 30, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method permitted the analysis of ALC, CER, and CRZ in concentration ranges of 2-200, 0.4-200, and 4.0-200 ng/mL, respectively. Bromelain administration caused a significant decrease in plasma levels of CER and CRZ with lowered Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞, along with an increase in the apparent clearance. However, no significant effect was noticed with ALC. Thus, attention should be paid to avoid the intake of bromelain with CER or CRZ.
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Investigation the Effect of Encapsulated Bromelain Enzyme in Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bromelain (BL) is an enzyme extracted from Ananas comosus, which has been known for its therapeutic properties. Objectives: The anticarcinogenic activity of BL was examined with and without the presence of magnetic carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Methods: The operational factors affecting BL adsorption, such as contact time (30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min), adsorbent dosage (1 g/L and 5 g/L), initial bromelain concentration (50, 150, and 300 mg/L), and temperature (35 and 50°C) were studied in details. Then, cancer cells were exposed to various BL concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL), and the cell viability was determined by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay after 24, 48, and 72 h. Results: The highest adsorption of BL on nanotubes was at 41.62 mg/L and achieved at 35°C and 90 min at the initial concentration of 50 mg/L and 1 g/L of MCNTs. The adsorption followed the Freundlich model and second-order kinetics. The results indicated that MCNTs could be a potential effective adsorbent for the removal of BL. Conclusions: MTT assay indicated that BL at a concentration of 100 μg/mL alone and in combination with MCNTs efficiently inhibited the HT-29 cancerous cells. However, encapsulated BL had a considerable advantage of slow delivery, which is favorable for cancer treatment.
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Fathi AN, Sakhaie MH, Babaei S, Babaei S, Slimabad F, Babaei S. Use of bromelain in cutaneous wound healing in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats: an experimental model. J Wound Care 2021; 29:488-495. [PMID: 32924815 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.9.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of bromelain on different aspects of the wound healing process in type 1 diabetic rats. METHOD In this study, 112 streptozocin-diabetic (type 1) male Wistar rats were euthanised; 28 each on days three, five, seven and 15, after a wound incision had been made. To estimate changes in a number of different cellular and tissue elements, histological sections were provided from all wound areas and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Some 1.056mm2 of total wound area from all specimens were evaluated, by assessment of 4200 microscope photos provided from all histological sections, by stereological methods. A biomechanical test of each wound area was performed with an extensometer to evaluate the work-up to maximum force and maximum stress of the healed wound on day 15. RESULTS In the experimental groups, bromleain caused significant wound contraction and reduced granulation tissue formation by day 7 (p=0.003); increased neovasculars (new small vessels that appear in the wound area during wound healing) on days three, five and seven (p=0.001); significantly increased fibroblasts on day five but decreased by day seven (p=0.002); and significantly decreased macrophage numbers and epithelium thickness on all days of study (p=0.005). Wound strength significantly increased in experimental groups by day 15. CONCLUSION Bromelain has a wide range of therapeutic benefits, but in most studies the mode of its action is not properly understood. It has been proved that bromelain has no major side effects, even after prolonged use. According to the results of this study, bromelain can be used as an effective health supplement to promote and accelerate wound healing indices, reduce inflammation and improve biomechanical parameters in diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Nikgoftar Fathi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sakhaie
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sepehr Babaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran
| | - Soroush Babaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fateme Slimabad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Saeid Babaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Coco JC, Tundisi LL, Santos ÉMD, Fava ALM, Alves TF, Ataide JA, Chaud MV, Mazzola PG. PVA-CO-AAM and peg-co-aam hydrogels as bromelain carriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pineapple ( Ananas comosus L.) By-Products Valorization: Novel Bio Ingredients for Functional Foods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113216. [PMID: 34072026 PMCID: PMC8198275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pineapple is consumed on a large scale around the world due to its appreciated sensorial characteristics. The industry of minimally processed pineapple produces enormous quantities of by-products (30–50%) which are generally undervalued. The end-of-life of pineapple by-products (PBP) can be replaced by reuse and renewal flows in an integrated process to promote economic growth by reducing consumption of natural resources and diminishing food waste. In our study, pineapple shell (PS) and pineapple core (PC), vacuum-packed separately, were subjected to moderate hydrostatic pressure (225 MPa, 8.5 min) (MHP) as abiotic stress to increase bromelain activity and antioxidant capacity. Pressurized and raw PBP were lyophilized to produce a stable powder. The dehydrated samples were characterized by the following methodologies: chemical and physical characterization, total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant capacity, bromelain activity, microbiology, and mycotoxins. Results demonstrated that PBP are naturally rich in carbohydrates (66–88%), insoluble (16–28%) and soluble (2–4%) fiber, and minerals (4–5%). MHP was demonstrated to be beneficial in improving TPC (2–4%), antioxidant activity (2–6%), and bromelain activity (6–32%) without affecting the nutritional value. Furthermore, microbial and mycotoxical analysis demonstrated that powdered PC is a safe by-product. PS application is possible but requires previous decontamination to reduce the microbiological load.
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In vitro performance of free and encapsulated bromelain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10195. [PMID: 33986357 PMCID: PMC8119986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, bromelain has been used to treat a range of ailments, even though its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Its therapeutic benefits include enzymatic debridement of the necrotic tissues of ulcers and burn wounds, besides anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties. However, the protease is unstable and susceptible to self-hydrolysis over time. To overcome the stability issues of bromelain, a previous study formulated chitosan-bromelain nanoparticles (C-B-NP). We evaluated the optimized nanoformulation for in vitro antioxidant, cell antiproliferative activities and cell migration/proliferation in the scratch assay, comparing it with free bromelain. The antioxidant activity of free bromelain was concentration and time-dependent; after encapsulation, the activity level dropped, probably due to the slow release of protein from the nanoparticles. In vitro antiproliferative activity was observed in six tumor cell lines for free protein after 48 h of treatment (glioma, breast, ovarian, prostate, colon adenocarcinoma and chronic myeloid leukemia), but not for keratinocyte cells, enabling its use as an active topical treatment. In turn, C-B-NP only inhibited one cell line (chronic myeloid leukemia) and required higher concentrations for inhibition. After 144 h treatment of glioma cells with C-B-NP, growth inhibition was equivalent to that promoted by the free protein. This last result confirmed the delayed-release kinetics of the optimized formulation and bromelain integrity. Finally, a scratch assay with keratinocyte cells showed that C-B-NP achieved more than 90% wound retraction after 24 h, compared to no retraction with the free bromelain. Therefore, nanoencapsulation of bromelain with chitosan conferred physical protection, delayed release, and wound retraction activity to the formulation, properties that favor topical formulations with a modified release. In addition, the promising results with the glioma cell line point to further studies of C-B-NP for anti-tumor treatments.
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Chakraborty AJ, Mitra S, Tallei TE, Tareq AM, Nainu F, Cicia D, Dhama K, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J, Capasso R. Bromelain a Potential Bioactive Compound: A Comprehensive Overview from a Pharmacological Perspective. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:317. [PMID: 33917319 PMCID: PMC8067380 DOI: 10.3390/life11040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is an effective chemoresponsive proteolytic enzyme derived from pineapple stems. It contains several thiol endopeptidases and is extracted and purified via several methods. It is most commonly used as an anti-inflammatory agent, though scientists have also discovered its potential as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent. It has been reported as having positive effects on the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems, and potentially on the immune system. It is a natural remedy for easing arthritis symptoms, including joint pain and stiffness. This review details bromelain's varied uses in healthcare, its low toxicity, and its relationship to nanoparticles. The door of infinite possibilities will be opened up if further extensive research is carried out on this pineapple-derived enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Jyoti Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (A.J.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (A.J.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Trina E. Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia;
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh;
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia;
| | - Donatella Cicia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Dilly AK, Honick BD, Frederick R, Elapavaluru A, Velankar S, Makala H, Hitchens TK, Foley LM, Guo J, Beumer JH, Rigatti LH, Lee YJ, Bartlett DL, Choudry HA. Improved chemosensitivity following mucolytic therapy in patient-derived models of mucinous appendix cancer. Transl Res 2021; 229:100-114. [PMID: 33164812 PMCID: PMC7867596 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abundant intraperitoneal (IP) accumulation of extracellular mucus in patients with appendiceal mucinous carcinoma peritonei (MCP) causes compressive organ dysfunction and prevents delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to cancer cells. We hypothesized that reducing extracellular mucus would decrease tumor-related symptoms and improve chemotherapeutic effect in patient-derived models of MCP. Mucolysis was achieved using a combination of bromelain (BRO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Ex vivo experiments of mucolysis and chemotherapeutic drug delivery/effect were conducted with MCP and non-MCP tissue explants. In vivo experiments were performed in mouse and rat patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of early and late (advanced) MCP. MCP tumor explants were less chemosensitive than non-MCP explants. Chronic IP administration of BRO + NAC in a mouse PDX model of early MCP and a rat PDX model of late (advanced) MCP converted solid mucinous tumors into mucinous ascites (mucolysis) that could be drained via a percutaneous catheter (rat model only), significantly reduced solid mucinous tumor growth and improved the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Combination of BRO + NAC efficiently lyses extracellular mucus in clinically relevant models of MCP. Conversion of solid mucinous tumors into mucinous ascites decreases tumor bulk and allows for minimally invasive drainage of liquified tumors. Lysis of extracellular mucus removes the protective mucinous coating surrounding cancer cells and improves chemotherapeutic drug delivery/efficacy in cancer cells. Our data provide a preclinical rationale for the clinical evaluation of BRO + NAC as a therapeutic strategy for MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Dilly
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brendon D Honick
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robin Frederick
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anuleka Elapavaluru
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sachin Velankar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hima Makala
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lesley M Foley
- Animal Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianxia Guo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lora Heather Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haroon A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Ataide JA, Geraldes DC, Gérios EF, Bissaco FM, Cefali LC, Oliveira-Nascimento L, Mazzola PG. Freeze-dried chitosan nanoparticles to stabilize and deliver bromelain. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jebur AB, El-Demerdash FM, Kang W. Bromelain from Ananas comosus stem attenuates oxidative toxicity and testicular dysfunction caused by aluminum in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126631. [PMID: 32763766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum (Al) has been reported to induce testicular injury via oxidative stress. Ananas comosus stem extract is an inexpensive byproduct waste rich in bromelain which is a group of sulfur-containing enzymes known for its biological activities and medicinal applications. So, the current investigation aims to evaluate the efficacy of bromelain in counteracting oxidative injury and testicular dysfunction stimulated by aluminum in rats. METHODS Male adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The first group used as control, however, the second and third groups were received bromelain (250 mg/kg) and AlCl3 (34 mg/Kg, 1/25 LD50), and the fourth group supplemented with bromelain one hour before AlCl3 intoxication, respectively. Bromelain was administered daily while AlCl3 was given every other day by oral gavages for one month. RESULTS Al intoxicated animals revealed an elevation in lipid peroxidation (TBARS and H2O2) level and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. However, reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein contents, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST), phosphatases (ALP, AcP) and aminotransferases (AST, ALT) activities were significantly reduced. Additionally, considerable amendments in hormonal levels (testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone) and sperm characteristics were spotted. Further, histological variations in the testes section were detected and this supports the biochemical observations. Otherwise, rats supplemented with bromelain alone diminished TBARS and H2O2 and augmented mostly other parameters. Furthermore, supplementation with bromelain before Al intoxication in rats exhibited worthy betterment in oxidative stress markers, hormones, and sperm quality compared to Al treated group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, bromelain had a powerful protective role against Al-induced testicular dysfunction so, it represents a novel approach in metal toxicity processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali B Jebur
- College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Iraq.
| | - Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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Excellency of pyrimidinyl moieties containing α-aminophosphonates over benzthiazolyl moieties for thermal and structural stability of stem bromelain. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2010-2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Talib WH, Alsalahat I, Daoud S, Abutayeh RF, Mahmod AI. Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer Research: Extraction, Mechanism of Action, and Drug Formulation. Molecules 2020; 25:E5319. [PMID: 33202681 PMCID: PMC7696819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and considered as a major challenge for the public health system. The high toxicity and the lack of selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies make the search for alternative treatments a priority. In this review, we describe the main plant-derived natural products used as anticancer agents. Natural sources, extraction methods, anticancer mechanisms, clinical studies, and pharmaceutical formulation are discussed in this review. Studies covered by this review should provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to enhance basic and clinical research on developing alternative anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
| | - Izzeddin Alsalahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Safa Daoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Reem Fawaz Abutayeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
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El-Demerdash FM, Baghdadi HH, Ghanem NF, Mhanna ABA. Nephroprotective role of bromelain against oxidative injury induced by aluminium in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103509. [PMID: 33010469 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of bromelain against oxidative stress stimulated by aluminium chloride in rats. Rats were grouped as follows; group one was used as control while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated orally with bromelain (250 mg/kg, daily), aluminium chloride (AlCl3; 34 mg/kg BW, every other day) and bromelain plus AlCl3 for 30 days, respectively. Administration of AlCl3 caused a significant reduction in rats' body and kidney weights, and increased Al accumulation in kidney tissue. Also, AlCl3 treatment elevated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, kidney functions biomarkers levels and lactate dehydrogenase activity. While enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST) and non-enzymatic (GSH) antioxidants, protein content, and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly decreased. In addition, significant alterations in lipid and protein profiles were detected. Furthermore, histopathological and immunohistochemical variations were seen in kidney sections supporting the obtained biochemical changes. Otherwise, rats supplemented with bromelain singly declined lipid peroxidation and improved most of the studied parameters. Moreover, rats pretreated with bromelain followed by AlCl3 intoxication showed significant alleviation in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status and biochemical indices with respect to AlCl3 treated group. Conclusively, bromelain has beneficial protective effects and has the capability to counteract the toxic influence of AlCl3. So, bromelain might represent a novel approach in the therapy of metal toxicity because of its antioxidant and chelating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hoda H Baghdadi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nora F Ghanem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt.
| | - Ansam B Al Mhanna
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Griffin AS, Cabot P, Wallwork B, Panizza B. Alternative therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis: A review. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020:145561320939415. [PMID: 33023328 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320939415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of alternative medicine in chronic rhinosinus-itis (CRS) continues to increase in popularity, for the most part without meeting the burden of being based on sound clinical evidence. New and emerging treat-ments, both natural and developed, are numerous, and it remains a challenge for otolaryngologists as well as general practitioners to keep up to date with these therapies and their efficacy. In this systematic review, we discuss a number of alternative therapies for CRS, their proposed physiologic mechanisms, and evidence supporting their use. This analysis is based on our re-view of the English-language literature on alternative therapies for CRS (we did not include any therapies that are already recommended by accepted profession-al bodies). Data collection was performed using the PubMed database (not restricted to MEDLINE due to the nature of the subject matter), the Cochrane data-bases, and bibliography searches. We found that while many of the alternative therapies we reviewed might have a firm basis in science, they lack any clinical ev-idence to support their use specifically for CRS. Some emerging therapies, such as therapeutic ultrasonog-raphy and phonophoresis, show some promise, based on a growing body of positive evidence. In addition, the use of baby shampoo, thyme honey, and bromelain additives to saline lavage in CRS are all supported by clinical evidence, as is Sinupret, an oral preparation that contains echinacea. However, higher levels of ev-idence gleaned from large, well-designed, prospective, randomized, controlled trials are needed before any of these therapies can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Griffin
- From the Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba
| | - Peter Cabot
- From the Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben Wallwork
- From the Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba
| | - Ben Panizza
- From the Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba
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Higashi T, Kogo T, Sato N, Hirotsu T, Misumi S, Nakamura H, Iohara D, Onodera R, Motoyama K, Arima H. Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Utilizing Supramolecular Polyethylene-Glycosylated Bromelain. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3005-3014. [PMID: 35025347 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most difficult cancers to treat largely because of the inability of anticancer drugs to penetrate into the cancer tissue as the result of the dense extracellular matrix (ECM). On the other hand, bromelain is known to degrade the ECM in cancerous tissue. However, the half-life of bromelain in blood is short, leading to its low accumulation in tissues. Recently, we developed a reversible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification technology that is able to improve blood retention of proteins without loss of activity and termed it "Self-assembly PEGylation Retaining Activity (SPRA)" technology. Here, we prepared reversible PEGylated bromelain using SPRA technology (SPRA-bromelain) possessing high activity, long blood retention, and high tumor accumulation and evaluated its potential as a drug delivery system for pancreatic cancer. SPRA-bromelain was prepared by mixing adamantane-modified bromelain and multisubstituted-PEGylated β-cyclodextrins (β-CyDs) containing 2 or 20 kDa PEG chains in water. SPRA-bromelain was formed by a host-guest interaction between adamantane and β-CyD (Kc > 104 M-1). SPRA-bromelain showed high in vitro gelatin-degrading activity and enhanced not only the accumulation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (2 MDa) in the tumor but also the in vivo antitumor activities of doxorubicin and doxorubicin encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes (DOXIL) after intravenous administration in tumor-bearing mice. These findings suggest that SPRA-bromelain could be a powerful tool for drug delivery in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Higashi
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kogo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nana Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Hirotsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Risako Onodera
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Laboratory of Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-machi, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
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Comparison of Centella with Flavonoids for Treatment of Symptoms in Hemorrhoidal Disease and After Surgical Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8009. [PMID: 32409760 PMCID: PMC7224176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotonics’ effects were evaluated to reduce time-to-stop bleeding and anal irritation in 130 patients who complained of hemorrhoidal disease (HD); bleeding and pain after hemorrhoidectomy (31 patients) and hemorrhoidal thrombosis (34 patients) in the short time. Sixty patients were randomized to receive the routine treatment (both conservative and surgical) (control Group C). The treated group (both conservative and surgical) was divided into two subgroups: one treated with flavonoids (Group A, n = 73), the other with Centella (Group B, n = 66). Time-to-stop bleeding was checked at baseline and checkups (0 up to day 42). Healing was estimated with Kaplan-Meier method, the Kruskal-Wallis test estimated changes in the VAS scores. The HD median time-to-stop bleeding was 2 weeks for Groups A and B; 3 weeks for Group C. VAS scores comparison among Groups (irritation): A vs C, p = 0.007; B vs C, p = 0.041; and A vs B, p = 0.782 resulted respectively. As for operated hemorrhoids, the time-to-stop bleeding was 3 and 4 weeks in Groups A and B and 5 in Group C. Histopathology showed an association between flavonoids and piles’ fibrosis (p = 0.008). Phlebotonics in HD, as well as after surgery, showed significant beneficial effects. Flavonoids are the most effective phlebotonics against bleeding and anal irritation.
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A biophysical strategy to examine the impact of newly synthesized polymerizable ammonium-based ionic liquids on the structural stability and proteolytic activity of stem bromelain. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:957-966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Taşkın A, Tarakçıoğlu M, Ulusal H, Örkmez M, Taysı S. Idarubicin-bromelain combination sensitizes cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 22:1172-1178. [PMID: 31998459 PMCID: PMC6885387 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.37884.9003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The primary cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs like idarubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent, are not limited to neoplastic cells; they also produce similar effects in normal cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the combination of idarubicin-bromelain could make cancer cells more susceptible to cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Materials and Methods To test our hypothesis, the optimal concentrations of idarubicin and bromelain were combined and incubated in the HL-60 cancer cell line and normal human mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) for 24, 48, and 72 hr. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated by measurement of ATP cell viability test, DNA damage, Caspase-3, Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), and DAPI fluorescent dyes in both cell types. Results The combination of idarubicin-bromelain significantly reduced cell proliferation in the more potent HL-60 compared to PBMC in all incubation times (P<0.05). DNA damage and Caspase-3 levels (except for 24 hr) were also higher in the HL-60 cell line in comparison with PBMC and were statistically significant (P<0.05). The percentages of apoptotic images obtained by DAPI and AO / EB morphological examination were increased in both cells, depending on the combination dose. Conclusion Based on these results, it can be concluded that idarubicin combined with bromelain produces more cytotoxic effects in low concentrations in comparison with when it was used per se in the HL-60 cells. Conversely, it was found that this combination in PBMC caused less cytotoxicity and less genotoxicity. Taken together, it can be said that this new combination makes cancer cells more sensitive to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Taşkın
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Science, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tarakçıoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ulusal
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Örkmez
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Seyithan Taysı
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Raeisi F, Raeisi E, Heidarian E, Shahbazi-Gahroui D, Lemoigne Y. Bromelain Inhibitory Effect on Colony Formation: An In vitro Study on Human AGS, PC3, and MCF7 Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SIGNALS & SENSORS 2019; 9:267-273. [PMID: 31737556 PMCID: PMC6839443 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_42_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bromelain is dotted with anticancer properties on various cancer cell lines. Anticancer pathways of bromelain, as well related intervening signalization are under investigation. Investigating the inhibitory potential of bromelain on AGS, PC3, and MCF7 cells proliferation and colony formation. The bromelain inhibitory potential on AGS, PC3, and MCF7 cells proliferation at various bromelain concentrations was assessed by MTT; thereby, bromelain potency on colony formation impediment was evaluated using clonogenic assays at determined 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) on four different cell densities (10, 50, 100, and 200 cells per well). Bromelain inhibits AGS, PC3, and MCF7 cells proliferation in such a dose-dependent manner. Determined IC50 to AGS, PC3, and MCF7 cells were 65, 60 and 65μg/ml respectively. At IC50, bromelain significantly suppressed the AGS, PC3, and MCF7 cells colony formation at four treated densities (10, 50, 100 and 200 cells per well). Plating efficiency percentage and cell surviving fraction were decreased after bromelain treatment to AGS, PC3, and MCF7 human cancer cells as a function of initial cell density. The 50, 50 or 100, and 10 or 50 cells per well were considered to be optimum number of initial cell density for AGS, PC3, and MCF7 cells. Cell proliferative and colony formation inhibition are two pathways to in vitro bromelain anticancer effects. The current study displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of bromelain, as well impeding colony formation AGS, PC3, and MCF7 human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Raeisi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Raeisi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahroui
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Chang TC, Wei PL, Makondi PT, Chen WT, Huang CY, Chang YJ. Bromelain inhibits the ability of colorectal cancer cells to proliferate via activation of ROS production and autophagy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210274. [PMID: 30657763 PMCID: PMC6338369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates are still low despite advances in cytotoxic and targeted therapies. The development of new effective or alternative therapies is therefore urgently needed. Bromelain, an extract of pineapple, was shown to have anticancer effects, but its mechanisms in CRC have not been fully explored. Therefore, the roles of bromelain in CRC progression were investigated using different CRC cell lines, a zebrafish model, and a xenograft mouse model. The anticancer mechanisms were explored by assessing the role of bromelain in inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide, autophagosomes, and lysosomes. The role of bromelain in the induction of apoptosis was also assessed. It was found that bromelain inhibited CRC cell growth in cell lines and tumor growth in the zebrafish and xenograft mouse models. It also induced high levels of ROS and superoxide, plus autophagosome and lysosome formation. High levels of apoptosis were also induced, which were associated with elevated amounts of apoptotic proteins like apoptotic induction factor, Endo G, and caspases-3, -8, and -9 according to a qPCR analysis. In a Western blot analysis, increases in levels of ATG5/12, beclin, p62, and LC3 conversion rates were found after bromelain treatment. Levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 increased after bromelain exposure. This study explored the role of bromelain in CRC while giving insights into its mechanisms of action. This compound can offer a cheap alternative to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Precious Takondwa Makondi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CH);(YC)
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CH);(YC)
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Abdulaal WH. Purification and characterization of cysteine protease from miswak Salvadora persica. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 19:10. [PMID: 30509174 PMCID: PMC6276148 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-018-0100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Generally, proteases in medicinal plants had different therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory effect; modulate the immune response and inhibitory effect toward tumor growth. In this study, protease was purified and characterized from miswak roots, as medicinal plant and natural toothbrush. Results Physical and chemical characterization of cysteine protease P1 were studied such as pH optimum (6.5), optimum temperature (50 °C), thermal stability (50 °C) and Km (3.3 mg azocasein/ml). The enzyme digested some proteins in the order of caseine > haemoglobin > egg albumin >gelatin > bovine serum albumin. Hg2+ had strong inhibitory effect on enzyme activity compared with other metal ions. Kinetic of inhibition for determination the type of protease was studied. Iodoactamide and p-Hydroximercuribenzaoic acid (p-HMB) caused strong inhibitory effect on enzyme activity indicating the enzyme is cysteine protease. Conclusions The biochemical characterization of this enzyme will be display the suitable conditions for using of this enzyme in toothpaste in the future and the enzyme may be used in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam H Abdulaal
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Debnath R, Chatterjee N, Das S, Mishra S, Bose D, Banerjee S, Das S, Saha KD, Ghosh D, Maiti D. Bromelain with peroxidase from pineapple are more potent to target leukemia growth inhibition - A comparison with only bromelain. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 55:24-32. [PMID: 30453006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The natural anti-cancer agent bromelain is found to be beneficial for either single or multi-targeted therapy in gastric and skin carcinoma, by inhibiting cancer cell growth. Importantly, the presence of peroxidase enhances its biological efficiency. We have now evaluated a panel of cancer cell lines with bromelain in presence or absence of peroxidase to identify that the combination has higher apoptosis inducing potential in all those cell lines. Bromelain plus peroxidase (BM-PR) inhibited acute myeloid (K562) cell proliferation and altered the morphological features. Incidence of apoptosis was established by using annexin V exposure and this was confirmed that the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner. BM-PR increased the intracellular ROS level and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential, as detected using dichlorofluores cin diacetate (DCFDA). It also regulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins like Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3 and cytochrome besides causing up-regulation of p53 as determined by western blot analysis. These results suggest that BM-PR from pineapple induces apoptosis better than only bromelain in acute myeloid leukemia cells possibly via mitochondria dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Debnath
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, 799102 Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OV9, Canada
| | - Subhadip Das
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center,The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somenath Banerjee
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujata Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Durgadas Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, 799102 Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, 799102 Agartala, Tripura, India.
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Nguyen D, Lee S, Cheong J, Kim I. Influence of low-protein diets and protease and bromelain supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood urine nitrogen, creatinine, and faecal noxious gas in growing–finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2016-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 180 crossbred pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 22.61 ± 1.23 kg were used in an 18 wk study to determine the effect of protease and bromelain in low-protein diets in grower–finisher pigs. Dietary treatments included: T1, basal diet treatment; T2, low-protein treatment; T3 (T2 + 0.2 g kg−1 protease); and T4 (T2 + 0.3 g kg−1 bromelain). Pigs fed protease- and bromelain-supplemented diets increased average daily gain and gain to feed ratio at week 18, dry matter and nitrogen digestibility at week 6, as well as energy digestibility at week 12, compared with low-protein diet (P < 0.05). Pigs fed T3 and T4 diets led to a trend of decreased (P < 0.05) blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations at the 12th wk. A reduction of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission was observed in pigs fed the dietary protease and bromelain supplementation at the 6th wk (P < 0.05). There was no effect on all parameters between the protease and bromelain supplementation treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of protease and bromelain to low-protein diet enhanced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and reduced NH3 and H2S in growing–finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.H. Nguyen
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - S.I. Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - J.Y. Cheong
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Daehan Feed Co., Ltd., 13, Bukseongpo-gil, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-201, South Korea
| | - I.H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
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Park S, Oh J, Kim M, Jin EJ. Bromelain effectively suppresses Kras-mutant colorectal cancer by stimulating ferroptosis. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:334-340. [PMID: 30460115 PMCID: PMC6171431 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1512521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the possible anti-cancer properties of bromelain in Kras mutant human colorectal carcinoma cell lines and a mouse model harboring a Kras mutation. Cell growth and proliferation were significantly reduced in the Kras mutant colorectal carcinoma cell lines following treatment with 50 μg/mL bromelain as assessed by crystal violet staining and a proliferation assay. To identify the molecules responsible for this action, the expression levels of genes involved in signaling pathways and miRNAs were analyzed by real-time PCR. Among the genes tested, down-regulation of ACSL-4 and up-regulation of miRNAs targeting ASCL-4 were observed in Caco2 cells. Compared to the Kras wild-type colorectal carcinoma cell lines, Kras mutant colorectal carcinoma cell lines exhibited a remarkably up-regulated expression of ACSL-4, which is responsible for ferroptosis sensitivity. Moreover, the knockdown of ACSL-4 by a specific shRNA inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis in Kras mutant DLD-1 cells as assessed by propidium iodide staining and lipid reactive oxygen species measurement. Our findings indicate that bromelain effectively exerts cytotoxic effects in Kras mutant colorectal cancer cells compared to in Kras wild-type colorectal cancer cells. Differential expression of ACSL-4 is responsible for the differential action of bromelain in regulating ferroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, Korea
| | - Jinjoo Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, Korea
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Croisfelt FM, Ataide JA, Tundisi LL, Cefali LC, Rebelo MDA, Sánchez JLD, da Costa TG, Lima R, Jozala AF, Chaud MV, d'Ávila MA, Tambourgi EB, Silveira E, Mazzola PG. Characterization of PNIPAAm-co-AAm hydrogels for modified release of bromelain. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Fabrication of a novel magnetic mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymer based on pericarpium granati-derived carrier for selective absorption of bromelain. Food Chem 2018; 256:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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48
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Juasook A, Boonmars T, Artchayasa A, Pumhirunro B, Boonjarasp S, Sriraj P, Aukkanimar R. Effect of Pineapple Extracts on the Reproduction of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Semi-Engorged Females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2018.339.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ogawa EM, Costa HB, Ventura JA, Caetano LC, Pinto FE, Oliveira BG, Barroso MES, Scherer R, Endringer DC, Romão W. Chemical profile of pineapple cv. Vitória in different maturation stages using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1105-1116. [PMID: 28722812 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineapple is the fruit of Ananas comosus var. comosus plant, being cultivated in tropical areas and has high energy content and nutritional value. Herein, 30 samples of pineapple cv. Vitória were analyzed as a function of the maturation stage (0-5) and their physico-chemical parameters monitored. In addition, negative-ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [ESI(-)FT-ICR MS] was used to identify and semi-quantify primary and secondary metabolites present in the crude and phenolic extracts of pineapple, respectively. RESULTS Physico-chemical tests show an increase in the total soluble solids (TSS) values and in the TSS/total titratable acidity ratio as a function of the maturity stage, where a maximum value was observed in stage 3 (¾ of the fruit is yellow, which corresponds to the color of the fruit peel). ESI(-)FT-ICR MS analysis for crude extracts showed the presence mainly of sugars as primary metabolites present in deprotonated molecule form ([M - H]- and [2 M - H]- ions) whereas, for phenolic fractions, 11 compounds were detected, being the most abundant in the third stage of maturation. This behavior was confirmed by quantitative analysis of total polyphenols. CONCLUSION ESI-FT-ICR MS was efficient in identifying primary (carbohydrates and organic acids) and secondary metabolites (13 phenolic compounds) presents in the crude and phenolic extract of the samples, respectively. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizângela M Ogawa
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Helber B Costa
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - José A Ventura
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cs Caetano
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Fernanda E Pinto
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Bruno G Oliveira
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Universidade Vila Velha-UVV, Boa Vista, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Denise C Endringer
- Universidade Vila Velha-UVV, Boa Vista, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Soteco, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Química Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Soteco, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
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Sharma M, Sharma R. Implications of designing a bromelain loaded enteric nanoformulation on its stability and anti-inflammatory potential upon oral administration. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2541-2551. [PMID: 35541457 PMCID: PMC9077456 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to develop an enteric nano-formulation of bromelain to improve its stability and anti-inflammatory potential. Bromelain loaded nanoparticles (Br-NPs) were developed using a Eudragit L 100 polymer by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method to obtain gastro-resistant properties. Br-NPs were characterized for particle size (248.89 ± 22.76 nm), zeta potential (-27.34 ± 2.17 mV), entrapment efficiency (85.42 ± 5.34%), surface morphology (spherical) and in vitro release profile. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the entrapment of bromelain while thermal and pXRD analysis concomitantly corroborated the reduced crystallinity of bromelain in nanoparticles. Formulations showed gastro-resistant behavior at gastric pH and sustained bromelain release up to 10 h in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 and followed Higuchi square root release kinetics. The optimized lyophilized formulation ensured 2 year shelf-life at room temperature. In vivo studies revealed significantly improved performance of entrapped bromelain in inhibiting carrageenan induced paw edema by mitigating leucocyte migration and release of nitric oxide, TNFα and IL-1β in paw compared to bromelain solution. In conclusion, enteric Br-NPs could be a viable drug delivery system for effective oral bromelain delivery in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali Rajasthan India-304022 +91-9694881221
| | - Rishu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali Rajasthan India-304022 +91-9694881221
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