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Anghel C, Grasu MC, Anghel DA, Rusu-Munteanu GI, Dumitru RL, Lupescu IG. Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Imaging Modalities and the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Analyzing CT and MRI Images. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:438. [PMID: 38396476 PMCID: PMC10887967 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands out as the predominant malignant neoplasm affecting the pancreas, characterized by a poor prognosis, in most cases patients being diagnosed in a nonresectable stage. Image-based artificial intelligence (AI) models implemented in tumor detection, segmentation, and classification could improve diagnosis with better treatment options and increased survival. This review included papers published in the last five years and describes the current trends in AI algorithms used in PDAC. We analyzed the applications of AI in the detection of PDAC, segmentation of the lesion, and classification algorithms used in differential diagnosis, prognosis, and histopathological and genomic prediction. The results show a lack of multi-institutional collaboration and stresses the need for bigger datasets in order for AI models to be implemented in a clinically relevant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Anghel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (R.L.D.); (I.G.L.)
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.A.); (G.-I.R.-M.)
| | - Mugur Cristian Grasu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (R.L.D.); (I.G.L.)
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.A.); (G.-I.R.-M.)
| | - Denisa Andreea Anghel
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.A.); (G.-I.R.-M.)
| | - Gina-Ionela Rusu-Munteanu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.A.); (G.-I.R.-M.)
| | - Radu Lucian Dumitru
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (R.L.D.); (I.G.L.)
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.A.); (G.-I.R.-M.)
| | - Ioana Gabriela Lupescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (R.L.D.); (I.G.L.)
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.A.); (G.-I.R.-M.)
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Chen K, Cheng X, Xue S, Chen J, Zhang X, Qi Y, Chen R, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li W, Cheng G, Huang Y, Xiong Y, Chen L, Mu C, Gu M. Albumin conjugation promotes arsenic trioxide transport through alkaline phosphatase-associated transcytosis in MUC4 wildtype pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128756. [PMID: 38092098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance and unfavorable drug transportation. Albumin conjugates are commonly used as drug carriers to overcome these obstacles. However, membrane-bound glycoprotein mucin 4 (MUC4) has emerged as a promising biomarker among the genetic mutations affecting albumin conjugates therapeutic window. Human serum albumin-conjugated arsenic trioxide (HSA-ATO) has shown potential in treating solid tumors but is limited in PC therapy due to unclear targets and mechanisms. This study investigated the transport mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy of HSA-ATO in PC cells with different MUC4 mutation statuses. Results revealed improved penetration of ATO into PC tumors through conjugated with HSA. However, MUC4 mutation significantly affected treatment sensitivity and HSA-ATO uptake both in vitro and in vivo. Mutant MUC4 cells exhibited over ten times higher IC50 for HSA-ATO and approximately half the uptake compared to wildtype cells. Further research demonstrated that ALPL activation by HSA-ATO enhanced transcytosis in wildtype MUC4 PC cells but not in mutant MUC4 cells, leading to impaired uptake and weaker antitumor effects. Reprogramming the transport process holds potential for enhancing albumin conjugate efficacy in PC patients with different MUC4 mutation statuses, paving the way for stratified treatment using these delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Huzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Shuai Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Junyan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Zhejiang Heze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuwei Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hangjie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guilin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ye Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Huzhou 313200, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yang Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liping Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Mancang Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
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3
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Zhang C, Atri P, Nallasamy P, Parte S, Rauth S, Nimmakayala RK, Marimuthu S, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Bhatia R, Halder S, Shah A, Cox JL, Smith L, Kumar S, Foster JM, Kukreja RC, Seshacharyulu P, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Small molecule inhibitor against onco-mucins disrupts Src/FosL1 axis to enhance gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 551:215922. [PMID: 36285687 PMCID: PMC10124158 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucin MUC4 is an aberrantly expressed oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet no pharmacological inhibitors have been identified to target MUC4. Here, we adapted an in silico screening method using the Cancer Therapeutic Response Database (CTRD) to Identify Small Molecule Inhibitors against Mucins (SMIMs). We identified Bosutinib as a candidate drug to target oncogenic mucins among 126 FDA-approved drugs from CTRD screening. Functionally, Bosutinib treatment alone/and in combination with gemcitabine (Gem)/5' fluorouracil (5FU) reduced in vitro viability, migration, and colony formation in multiple PDAC cell lines as well as human PDAC organoid prolifertaion and growth and in vivo xenograft growth. Further, biochemical and molecular analyses showed that Bosutinib exhibited these functional effects by downregulating MUC4 mucin at both transcript and translation levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, global transcriptome analysis in PDAC cells upon treatment with Bosutinib revealed disruption of the Src-ERK/AKT-FosL1 pathway, leading to decreased expression of MUC4 and MUC5AC mucins. Taken together, Bosutinib is a promising, novel, and highly potent SMIMs to target MUC4/MUC5AC mucins. This mucin-targeting effect of Bosutinib can be exploited in the future with cytotoxic agents to treat mucinous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saravanakumar Marimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushanta Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ashu Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynette Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jason M Foster
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA
| | | | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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4
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Quader S, Tanabe S, Cabral H. Abnormal Glycosylation in Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:141-156. [PMID: 36587306 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor resistance and recurrence have been associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumors. The functions and survival of the CSCs have been associated with several intracellular and extracellular features. Particularly, the abnormal glycosylation of these signaling pathways and markers of CSCs have been correlated with maintaining survival, self-renewal and extravasation properties. Here, we highlight the importance of glycosylation in promoting the stemness character of CSCs and the current strategies for targeting abnormal glycosylation toward generating effective therapies against the CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Quader
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Shihori Tanabe
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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Dreyer CA, VanderVorst K, Free S, Rowson-Hodel A, Carraway KL. The role of membrane mucin MUC4 in breast cancer metastasis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 29:R17-R32. [PMID: 34726614 PMCID: PMC8697635 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A major barrier to the emergence of distant metastases is the survival of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) within the vasculature. Lethal stressors, including shear forces from blood flow, anoikis arising from cellular detachment, and exposure to natural killer cells, combine to subvert the ability of primary tumor cells to survive and ultimately seed distant lesions. Further attenuation of this rate-limiting process via therapeutic intervention offers a very attractive opportunity for improving cancer patient outcomes, in turn prompting the need for a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying CTC viability. MUC4 is a very large and heavily glycosylated protein expressed at the apical surfaces of the epithelia of a variety of tissues, is involved in cellular growth signaling and adhesiveness, and contributes to the protection and lubrication of cellular linings. Analysis of patient-matched breast tumor specimens has demonstrated that MUC4 protein levels are upregulated in metastatic lesions relative to primary tumor among all breast tumor subtypes, pointing to a possible selective advantage for MUC4 overexpression in metastasis. Analysis of a genetically engineered mouse model of HER2-positive breast cancer has demonstrated that metastatic efficiency is markedly suppressed with Muc4 deletion and Muc4-knockout tumor cells are poorly associated with platelets and white blood cells known to support CTC viability. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of MUC4 in tumor progression and metastasis and propose that intervening in MUC4 intercellular interactions with binding partners on blood-borne aggregating cells could potentially thwart breast cancer metastatic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kermit L. Carraway
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Kermit Carraway, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, P: (916) 734-3114,
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Understanding the Clinical Impact of MUC5AC Expression on Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123059. [PMID: 34205412 PMCID: PMC8235261 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Management of pancreatic cancer is challenging as there are limited treatment options, and most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages. In addition, there are no dependable tests available to predict bad outcomes or treatment responses in current clinical practice. Here, we shed light on the available evidence on mucin, MUC5AC in predicting the outcome of pancreatic cancers. We also discuss variants of MUC5AC believed to have a role in the malignant transformation of pancreatic tissues. Abstract Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) is a heavily glycosylated gel-forming secreted mucin with a reliable prognostic value when detected in multiple malignancies. It is highly prevalent (70%) in PDA and is nonexistent in normal pancreatic tissues. Retrospective studies on PDA tumor tissue (detected by immunohistochemistry or IHC)) have investigated the prognostic value of MUC5AC expression but were equivocal. Some studies associated it with poor outcomes (survival or pathological features such as lymph node disease, vascular/neural invasion in resected tumors), while others have concluded that it is a good prognostic marker. The examination of expression level threshold (5%, 10%, or 25%) and the detected region (apical vs. cytoplasmic) were variable among the studies. The maturation stage and glycoform of MUC5AC detected also differed with the Monoclonal antibody (Mab) employed for IHC. CLH2 detects less mature/less glycosylated versions while 45M1 or 21-1 detect mature/more glycosylated forms. Interestingly, aberrantly glycosylated variants of MUC5AC were detected using lectin assays (Wheat Germ Agglutinin-MUC5AC), and Mabs such as NPC-1C and PAM4 have are more specific to malignant pancreatic tissues. NPC-1C and PAM4 antibody reactive epitopes on MUC5AC are immunogenic and could represent specific changes on the native MUC5AC glycoprotein linked to carcinogenesis. It was never studied to predict treatment response.
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Khan T, Cabral H. Abnormal Glycosylation of Cancer Stem Cells and Targeting Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649338. [PMID: 33889547 PMCID: PMC8056457 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSCs) are deemed as one of the main reasons of tumor relapse due to their resistance to standard therapies. Numerous intracellular signaling pathways along with extracellular features are crucial in regulating CSCs properties, such as heterogeneity, plasticity and differentiation. Aberrant glycosylation of these cellular signaling pathways and markers of CSCs have been directly correlated with maintaining survival, self-renewal and extravasation properties. In this review, we highlight the importance of glycosylation in promoting stemness character of CSCs, and present strategies for targeting abnormal glycosylation to eliminate the resistant CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Mucins reprogram stemness, metabolism and promote chemoresistance during cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:575-588. [PMID: 33813658 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins dysregulated in aggressive cancers. The role of mucins in disease progression, tumor proliferation, and chemotherapy resistance has been studied extensively. This article provides a comprehensive review of mucin's function as a physical barrier and the implication of mucin overexpression in impeded drug delivery to solid tumors. Mucins regulate the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells via several canonical and non-canonical oncogenic signaling pathways. Furthermore, mucins play an extensive role in enriching and maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC) population, thereby sustaining the self-renewing and chemoresistant cellular pool in the bulk tumor. It has recently been demonstrated that mucins regulate the metabolic reprogramming during oncogenesis and cancer progression, which account for tumor cell survival, proliferation, and drug-resistance. This review article focuses on delineating mucin's role in oncogenic signaling and aberrant regulation of gene expressions, culminating in CSC maintenance, metabolic rewiring, and development of chemoresistance, tumor progression, and metastasis.
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9
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Holbrook MC, Goad DW, Grdzelishvili VZ. Expanding the Spectrum of Pancreatic Cancers Responsive to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Oncolytic Virotherapy: Challenges and Solutions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1171. [PMID: 33803211 PMCID: PMC7963195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with poor prognosis and a dismal survival rate, expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Oncolytic virus (OV) is an anticancer approach that utilizes replication-competent viruses to preferentially infect and kill tumor cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), one such OV, is already in several phase I clinical trials against different malignancies. VSV-based recombinant viruses are effective OVs against a majority of tested PDAC cell lines. However, some PDAC cell lines are resistant to VSV. Upregulated type I IFN signaling and constitutive expression of a subset of interferon-simulated genes (ISGs) play a major role in such resistance, while other mechanisms, such as inefficient viral attachment and resistance to VSV-mediated apoptosis, also play a role in some PDACs. Several alternative approaches have been shown to break the resistance of PDACs to VSV without compromising VSV oncoselectivity, including (i) combinations of VSV with JAK1/2 inhibitors (such as ruxolitinib); (ii) triple combinations of VSV with ruxolitinib and polycations improving both VSV replication and attachment; (iii) combinations of VSV with chemotherapeutic drugs (such as paclitaxel) arresting cells in the G2/M phase; (iv) arming VSV with p53 transgenes; (v) directed evolution approach producing more effective OVs. The latter study demonstrated impressive long-term genomic stability of complex VSV recombinants encoding large transgenes, supporting further clinical development of VSV as safe therapeutics for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valery Z. Grdzelishvili
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.C.H.); (D.W.G.)
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10
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Glycosylation of Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Calabrò ML, Lazzari N, Rigotto G, Tonello M, Sommariva A. Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: Implications for Locoregional Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239120. [PMID: 33266161 PMCID: PMC7731245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which neoplastic cells disseminate from the primary tumor to metastatic sites, so-called metastatic organotropism, remain poorly understood. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a role in cancer development and progression by converting static epithelial cells into the migratory and microenvironment-interacting mesenchymal cells, and by the modulation of chemoresistance and stemness of tumor cells. Several findings highlight that pathways involved in EMT and its reverse process (mesenchymal-epithelial transition, MET), now collectively called epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), play a role in peritoneal metastases. So far, the relevance of factors linked to EMP in a unique peritoneal malignancy such as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we focus on the role of epithelial-mesenchymal dynamics in the metastatic process involving mucinous neoplastic dissemination in the peritoneum. In particular, we discuss the role of expression profiles and phenotypic transitions found in PMP in light of the recent concept of EMP. A better understanding of EMP-associated mechanisms driving peritoneal metastasis will help to provide a more targeted approach for PMP patients selected for locoregional interventions involving cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Calabrò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (N.L.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nayana Lazzari
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (N.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Giulia Rigotto
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (N.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Marco Tonello
- Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, I-35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Antonio Sommariva
- Advanced Surgical Oncology, Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, I-35128 Padua, Italy;
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12
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Tsai LH, Hsu KW, Chiang CM, Yang HJ, Liu YH, Yang SF, Peng PH, Cheng WC, Wu HH. Targeting interleukin-17 receptor B enhances gemcitabine sensitivity through downregulation of mucins in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17817. [PMID: 33082357 PMCID: PMC7576602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide due to its poorest prognoses with a 7% 5-year survival rate. Eighty percent of pancreatic cancer patients relapse after chemotherapy and develop early metastasis and drug resistance. Resistance to nucleoside analog gemcitabine frequently used in first-line therapy is an urgent issue in pancreatic cancer treatment. Expression of mucin (MUC) glycoproteins has been shown to enhance chemoresistance via increased cell stemness. Here we show interlukine-17 receptor B (IL-17RB) expression is positively correlated with MUC1 and MUC4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells and tumor tissue. Moreover, IL-17RB transcriptionally up-regulates expression of MUC1 and MUC4 to enhance cancer stem-like properties and resistance to gemcitabine. These results suggest IL-17RB can be a potential target for pancreatic cancer therapy. Indeed, treatment with IL-17RB-neutralizing antibody has a synergistic effect in combination with gemcitabine for killing pancreatic cancer cells. Altogether, these findings provide feasible applications for IL-17RB-targeting therapy in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Hung Tsai
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ju Yang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hua Peng
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hsiung Wu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Wang S, You L, Dai M, Zhao Y. Mucins in pancreatic cancer: A well-established but promising family for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10279-10289. [PMID: 32745356 PMCID: PMC7521221 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are a family of multifunctional glycoproteins that mostly line the surface of epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract and exert pivotal roles in gut lubrication and protection. Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with poor early diagnosis, limited therapeutic effects, and high numbers of cancer‐related deaths. In this review, we introduce the expression profiles of mucins in the normal pancreas, pancreatic precursor neoplasia and pancreatic cancer. Mucins in the pancreas contribute to biological processes such as the protection, lubrication and moisturization of epithelial tissues. They also participate in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer and are used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss the important roles of mucins that lead to the lethality of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, particularly MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC16 in disease progression, and present a comprehensive analysis of the clinical application of mucins and their promising roles in cancer treatment to gain a better understanding of the role of mucins in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Li W, Zhu Y, Zhang K, Yu X, Lin H, Wu W, Peng Y, Sun J. PROM2 promotes gemcitabine chemoresistance via activating the Akt signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:409-422. [PMID: 32123287 PMCID: PMC7156657 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the deoxycytidine analogue gemcitabine (2′,2′,-difluorodeoxycytidine) has become the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, due to the intrinsic resistance of pancreatic cancer cells, gemcitabine-based chemotherapy yields limited disease control, with >85% disease progression at 6 months from diagnosis. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of chemoresistance is a critical step in improving cancer therapy, especially for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We show PROM2, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is ubiquitously upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell. We also found higher PROM2 expression is associated with shortened overall and disease-free survival times in patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. We provide evidence that PROM2 promotes chemoresistance to gemcitabine both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that PROM2 could directly interacted with Akt and activates the Akt signaling pathway, which thus inhibiting gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. As further evidence, we show PROM2 expression and Akt phosphorylation both promote gemcitabine chemoresistance, and cause poorer survival in clinical samples with pancreatic cancer. Combining gemcitabine with the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 facilitated significant tumor shrinkage and dramatically elevated the survival status in mice xenografted with pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings not only establish PROM2 as a novel positive regulator of the Akt signaling pathway and a candidate prognostic indicator of gemcitabine response, but also provide a neo-therapeutic approach for patients resistant to gemcitabine treatment. A cell membrane protein called PROM2 promotes the resistance of pancreatic cancer to the anti-cancer drug gemcitabine, suggesting PROM2 and the molecular signaling pathway it stimulates could be targeted by new treatments. Researchers in China led by Jian Sun at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, investigated the role of PROM2 in cultured human pancreatic cancer cells and in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Production and activity of PROM2 were increased in cancer cells, leading to increased resistance to gemcitabine. The researchers found that PROM2’s promotion of gemcitabine resistance was linked to its ability to bind to another protein called Akt. This interaction stimulates the Akt signaling pathway, sustaining cancer cells. Combining gemcitabine therapy with an Akt pathway inhibitor restored cancer cell sensitivity to gemcitabine, revealing a potential approach to developing drugs to overcome gemcitabine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kelin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xianhuan Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haoming Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yaorong Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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15
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Pothuraju R, Rachagani S, Krishn SR, Chaudhary S, Nimmakayala RK, Siddiqui JA, Ganguly K, Lakshmanan I, Cox JL, Mallya K, Kaur S, Batra SK. Molecular implications of MUC5AC-CD44 axis in colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:37. [PMID: 32098629 PMCID: PMC7041280 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential expression of mucins has been associated with several cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). In normal physiological conditions, secretory mucin MUC5AC is not expressed in the colonic mucosa, whereas its aberrant expression is observed during development of colon cancer and its precursor lesions. To date, the molecular mechanism of MUC5AC in CRC progression and drug resistance remains obscure. METHODS MUC5AC expression was determined in colon tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry. A RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system was used to knockdown/knockout the MUC5AC in CRC cell lines to delineate its role in CRC tumorigenesis using in vitro functional assays and in vivo (sub-cutaneous and colon orthotopic) mouse models. Finally, CRC cell lines and xenograft models were used to identify the mechanism of action of MUC5AC. RESULTS Overexpression of MUC5AC is observed in CRC patient tissues and cell lines. MUC5AC expression resulted in enhanced cell invasion and migration, and decreased apoptosis of CRC cells. MUC5AC interacted with CD44 physically, which was accompanied by the activation of Src signaling. Further, the presence of MUC5AC resulted in enhanced tumorigenesis and appearance of metastatic lesions in orthotopic mouse model. Additionally, up-regulation of MUC5AC resulted in resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, and its knockout increased sensitivity to these drugs. Finally, we observed that up-regulation of MUC5AC conferred resistance to 5-FU through down-regulation of p53 and its target gene p21 and up-regulation of β-catenin and its target genes CD44 and Lgr5. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that differential expression of secretory mucin MUC5AC results in enhanced tumorigenesis and also confers chemoresistance via CD44/β-catenin/p53/p21 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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16
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Reynolds IS, Fichtner M, McNamara DA, Kay EW, Prehn JHM, Burke JP. Mucin glycoproteins block apoptosis; promote invasion, proliferation, and migration; and cause chemoresistance through diverse pathways in epithelial cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:237-257. [PMID: 30680581 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of mucin glycoproteins has been demonstrated in many epithelial-derived cancers. The significance of this overexpression remains uncertain. The aim of this paper was to define the association of mucin glycoproteins with apoptosis, cell growth, invasion, migration, adhesion, and clonogenicity in vitro as well as tumor growth, tumorigenicity, and metastasis in vivo in epithelial-derived cancers by performing a systematic review of all published data. A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to identify all papers that evaluated the association between mucin glycoproteins with apoptosis, cell growth, invasion, migration, adhesion, and clonogenicity in vitro as well as tumor growth, tumorigenicity, and metastasis in vivo in epithelial-derived cancers. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to. Results of individual studies were extracted and pooled together based on the organ in which the cancer was derived from. The initial search revealed 2031 papers, of which 90 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the study. The studies included details on MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC13, and MUC16. The majority of studies evaluated MUC1. MUC1 overexpression was consistently associated with resistance to apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy. There was also evidence that overexpression of MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC13, and MUC16 conferred resistance to apoptosis in epithelial-derived cancers. The overexpression of mucin glycoproteins is associated with resistance to apoptosis in numerous epithelial cancers. They cause resistance through diverse signaling pathways. Targeting the expression of mucin glycoproteins represents a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of epithelial-derived cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Reynolds
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Fichtner
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Deborah A McNamara
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John P Burke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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17
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Nallanthighal S, Heiserman JP, Cheon DJ. The Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Cancer Stemness. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:86. [PMID: 31334229 PMCID: PMC6624409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of cancer cell biology progresses, it has become clear that tumors are a heterogenous mixture of different cell populations, some of which contain so called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs). Hallmarks of CSCs include self-renewing capability, tumor-initiating capacity and chemoresistance. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a major structural component of the tumor microenvironment, is a highly dynamic structure and increasing evidence suggests that ECM proteins establish a physical and biochemical niche for CSCs. In cancer, abnormal ECM dynamics occur due to disrupted balance between ECM synthesis and secretion and altered expression of matrix-remodeling enzymes. Tumor-derived ECM is biochemically distinct in its composition and is stiffer compared to normal ECM. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of how different components of the ECM modulate CSC properties then discuss how physical, mechanical, and biochemical cues from the ECM drive cancer stemness. Given the fact that current CSC targeting therapies face many challenges, a better understanding of CSC-ECM interactions will be crucial to identify more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Joo Cheon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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18
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Banerjee K, Gautam SK, Kshirsagar P, Ross KA, Spagnol G, Sorgen P, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B, Solheim JC, Kumar S, Batra SK, Jain M. Amphiphilic polyanhydride-based recombinant MUC4β-nanovaccine activates dendritic cells. Genes Cancer 2019; 10:52-62. [PMID: 31258832 PMCID: PMC6584211 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 4 (MUC4) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein that is differentially overexpressed in pancreatic cancer (PC), functionally contributes to disease progression, and correlates with poor survival. Further, due to its aberrant glycosylation and extensive splicing, MUC4 is a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Our previous studies have demonstrated the utility of amphiphilic polyanhydride nanoparticles as a useful platform for the development of protein-based prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. In the present study, we encapsulated purified recombinant human MUC4-beta (MUC4β) protein in polyanhydride (20:80 CPTEG:CPH) nanoparticles (MUC4β-nanovaccine) and evaluated its ability to activate dendritic cells and induce adaptive immunity. Immature dendritic cells when pulsed with MUC4β-nanovaccine exhibited significant increase in the surface expressions of MHC I and MHC II and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86), as well as, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-12) as compared to cells exposed to MUC4β alone or MUC4β mixed with blank nanoparticles (MUC4β+NP). Following immunization, as compared to the other formulations, MUC4β-nanovaccine elicited higher IgG2b to IgG1 ratio of anti-MUC4β-antibodies suggesting a predominantly Th1-like class switching. Thus, our findings demonstrate MUC4β-nanovaccine as a novel platform for PC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Prakash Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ross
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gaelle Spagnol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael J Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, IA and Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, IA and Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joyce C Solheim
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, IA and Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, IA and Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, IA and Omaha, NE, USA
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19
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Choi C, Thi Thao Tran N, Van Ngu T, Park SW, Song MS, Kim SH, Bae YU, Ayudthaya PDN, Munir J, Kim E, Baek MJ, Song S, Ryu S, Nam KH. Promotion of tumor progression and cancer stemness by MUC15 in thyroid cancer via the GPCR/ERK and integrin-FAK signaling pathways. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:85. [PMID: 30420637 PMCID: PMC6232104 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the fifth most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Notwithstanding advancements in the prognosis and treatment of thyroid cancer, 10–20% of thyroid cancer patients develops chemotherapeutic resistance and experience relapse. According to previous reports and TCGA database, MUC15 (MUCIN 15) upregulation is highly correlated with thyroid cancer progression. However, the role of MUC15 in tumor progression and metastasis is unclear. This study aimed to investigate factors mediating cancer stemness in thyroid cancer. MUC15 plays an important role in sphere formation, as an evident from the expression of stemness markers including SOX2, KLF4, ALDH1A3, and IL6. Furthermore, ectopic expression of MUC15 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling via G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR)/cyclic AMP (cAMP) and integrin/focal adhesion kinase pathways. Interestingly, ectopic expression of MUC15 did not affect RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-mediated ERK activation. The present findings may provide novel insights into the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications of MUC15 in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolwon Choi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Thao Tran
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Trinh Van Ngu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sae Woong Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Min Suk Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Ui Bae
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - Javaria Munir
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eunbit Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Moo-Jun Baek
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chonan, Korea
| | - Sujung Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea.
| | - Kee-Hyun Nam
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Barkeer S, Chugh S, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Glycosylation of Cancer Stem Cells: Function in Stemness, Tumorigenesis, and Metastasis. Neoplasia 2018; 20:813-825. [PMID: 30015157 PMCID: PMC6037882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation plays a critical role in tumor aggressiveness, progression, and metastasis. Emerging evidence associates cancer initiation and metastasis to the enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several universal markers have been identified for CSCs characterization; however, a specific marker has not yet been identified for different cancer types. Specific glycosylation variation plays a major role in the progression and metastasis of different cancers. Interestingly, many of the CSC markers are glycoproteins and undergo differential glycosylation. Given the importance of CSCs and altered glycosylation in tumorigenesis, the present review will discuss current knowledge of altered glycosylation of CSCs and its application in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Barkeer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
| | - Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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21
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Zhu Y, Zhang JJ, Peng YP, Liu X, Xie KL, Tang J, Jiang KR, Gao WT, Tian L, Zhang K, Xu ZK, Miao Y. NIDO, AMOP and vWD domains of MUC4 play synergic role in MUC4 mediated signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10385-10399. [PMID: 28060749 PMCID: PMC5354666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC4 mucin is well known as an important potential target to overcome pancreatic cancer. Three unique domains (NIDO, AMOP, and vWD) with unclear roles only present in MUC4 but are not found in other membrane-bound mucins. Our previous studies first reported that its splice variant, MUC4/Y can be a model of MUC4 (MUC4 gene fragment is more than 30KB, too huge to clone and eukaryotic express) in pancreatic cancer. More importantly, based on MUC4/Y with the appropriate length of gene sequence, it is easy to construct the unique domain-lacking models of MUC4/Y (MUC4) for research. The present study focuses on investigation of the respective role of the unique NIDO, AMOP, and vWD domain or their synergistic effect on MUC4(MUC4/Y)-mediated functions and mechanisms by series of in vitro assays, sequence-based transcriptome analysis, validation of qRT-PCR & Western blot, and systematic comparative analysis. Our results demonstrate: 1) NIDO, AMOP, and vWD domain or their synergy play significant roles on MUC4/Y-mediated malignant function of pancreatic cancer, downstream of molecule mechanisms, particularly MUC4/Y-triggered malignancy-related positive feedback loops, respectively. 2) The synergistic roles of three unique domains on MUC4/Y-mediated functions and mechanisms are more prominent than the respective domain because the synergy of three domain plays the more remarkable effects on MUC4/Y-mediated signaling hub. Thus, to improve reversed effects of domain-lacking and break the synergism of domains will contribute to block MUC4/Y(MUC4) triggering various oncogenic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Peng
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Liu
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Ling Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Rong Jiang
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tao Gao
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tian
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Kuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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22
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Xu BQ, Fu ZG, Meng Y, Wu XQ, Wu B, Xu L, Jiang JL, Li L, Chen ZN. Gemcitabine enhances cell invasion via activating HAb18G/CD147-EGFR-pSTAT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62177-62193. [PMID: 27556697 PMCID: PMC5308719 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal cancers, has very poor 5-year survival partly due to gemcitabine resistance. Recently, it was reported that chemotherapeutic agents may act as stressors to induce adaptive responses and to promote chemoresistance in cancer cells. During long-term drug treatment, the minority of cancer cells survive and acquire an epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype with increased chemo-resistance and metastasis. However, the short-term response of most cancer cells remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the short-term response of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine stress and to explore the corresponding mechanism. Our results showed that gemcitabine treatment for 24 hours enhanced pancreatic cancer cell invasion. In gemcitabine-treated cells, HAb18G/CD147 was up-regulated; and HAb18G/CD147 down-regulation or inhibition attenuated gemcitabine-enhanced invasion. Mechanistically, HAb18G/CD147 promoted gemcitabine-enhanced invasion by activating the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling pathway. Inhibition of EGFR-STAT3 signaling counteracted gemcitabine-enhanced invasion, and which relied on HAb18G/CD147 levels. In pancreatic cancer tissues, EGFR was highly expressed and positively correlated with HAb18G/CD147. These data indicate that pancreatic cancer cells enhance cell invasion via activating HAb18G/CD147-EGFR-pSTAT3 signaling. Our findings suggest that inhibiting HAb18G/CD147 is a potential strategy for overcoming drug stress-associated resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Qing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Fu
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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23
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Cell membrane-anchored MUC4 promotes tumorigenicity in epithelial carcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14147-14157. [PMID: 27829225 PMCID: PMC5355169 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface membrane-bound mucin protein MUC4 promotes tumorigenicity, aggressive behavior, and poor outcomes in various types of epithelial carcinomas, including pancreatic, breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancer. This review summarizes the theories and findings regarding MUC4 function, and its role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Based on these insights, we developed an outline of the processes and mechanisms by which MUC4 critically supports the propagation and survival of cancer cells in various epithelial organs. MUC4 may therefore be a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool that improves our ability to eradicate various forms of cancer.
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24
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Butera G, Pacchiana R, Donadelli M. Autocrine mechanisms of cancer chemoresistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:3-12. [PMID: 28751251 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of studies highlight the role of cancer secretome in the modification of tumour microenvironment and in the acquisition of cancer cell resistance to therapeutic drugs. The knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between cancer cell-secreted factors and chemoresistance is becoming fundamental for the identification of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies overcoming drug resistance and novel prognostic secreted biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the novel findings concerning the regulation of secreted molecules by cancer cells compromising drug sensitivity. In particular, we highlight data from available literature describing the involvement of cancer cell-secreted molecules determining chemoresistance in an autocrine manner, including: i) growth factors; ii) glycoproteins; iii) inflammatory cytokines; iv) enzymes and chaperones; and v) tumor-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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25
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Kakkassery V, Winterhalter S, Nick AC, Joachim SC, Joussen AM, Kociok N. Vascular-Associated Muc4/Vwf Co-Localization in Human Conjunctival Malignant Melanoma Specimens-Tumor Metastasis by Migration? Curr Eye Res 2017. [PMID: 28622066 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1324630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether vascular differentiation marker von Willebrand factor (vWf) and proliferation marker KI67 expression correlate with MUC4 localization around stromal tumor vascularization in human conjunctival malignant melanoma (CMM). MATERIALS AND METHODS For the purposes of this study, we analyzed samples from human CMMs (n = 4), conjunctival compound nevi (n = 7), and samples from healthy conjunctiva (n = 7) for MUC1, 4, and 16 by immunohistochemistry. To test CMM vessel association of MUC4, we investigated the co-localization of MUC4 with vWf or KI67 in human CMM specimens (n = 10) by immunohistochemistry. Also, we investigated the MUC4 localization around vessels of healthy conjunctiva (n = 10). RESULTS The immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated membrane-associated mucin expression in epithelia of CMM, nevi and healthy conjunctiva, whereas only MUC4 was localized perivascular in CMM tissue in this preliminary analysis. Co-staining analysis with vWf and KI67 demonstrated MUC4 localization around stromal vessels in human CMM specimens. In contrast, no MUC4 localization has been seen around healthy conjunctiva stroma vessels. CONCLUSIONS MUC4 was detected around vWf/KI67-positive CMM stromal vascular tissue, but not around healthy conjunctival stroma vessels. Therefore, we assume that MUC4 might play a role in tumor cell migration toward vessels inducing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh Kakkassery
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany.,b Department of Ophthalmology , University Eye Clinic, Ruhr-University , Bochum , Germany.,c Department of Ophthalmology , University of Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | | | - Ann-Christin Nick
- b Department of Ophthalmology , University Eye Clinic, Ruhr-University , Bochum , Germany
| | - Stephanie C Joachim
- b Department of Ophthalmology , University Eye Clinic, Ruhr-University , Bochum , Germany
| | - Antonia M Joussen
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Norbert Kociok
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
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26
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Suh H, Pillai K, Morris DL. Mucins in pancreatic cancer: biological role, implications in carcinogenesis and applications in diagnosis and therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1372-1383. [PMID: 28670497 PMCID: PMC5489784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality in the world. It has very low survival rates owing to late diagnosis resulting from the absence of accurate diagnostic tools and effective therapies. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In the recent years, there has been new evidence implicating the importance of mucins in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Mucins belong to a group of heavily glycosylated proteins, and are often aberrantly expressed in a number of cancers such as pancreatic cancer. Therefore, this literature review will summarise the role of mucins and mucin expression in pancreatic neoplasms. Subsequently the paper will also discuss the most recent advances in the biological properties of mucins and their role in carcinogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. Then it will conclude on the newest developments in diagnosis and therapy based on mucins for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Suh
- University of New South Wales, School of MedicineSydney NSW, Australia
| | - Krishna Pillai
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, The University of New South WalesKogarah, Sydney NSW 2217, Australia
| | - David Lawson Morris
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, The University of New South WalesKogarah, Sydney NSW 2217, Australia
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27
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Gautam SK, Kumar S, Cannon A, Hall B, Bhatia R, Nasser MW, Mahapatra S, Batra SK, Jain M. MUC4 mucin- a therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:657-669. [PMID: 28460571 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1323880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by mucin overexpression. MUC4 is the most differentially overexpressed membrane-bound mucin that plays a functional role in disease progression and therapy resistance. Area covered: We describe the clinicopathological significance of MUC4, summarize mechanisms contributing to its deregulated expression, review preclinical studies aimed at inhibiting MUC4, and discuss how MUC4 overexpression provides opportunities for developing targeted therapies. Finally, we discuss the challenges for developing MUC4-based therapeutics, and identify areas where efforts should be directed to effectively exploit MUC4 as a therapeutic target for PC. Expert opinion: Studies demonstrating that abrogation of MUC4 expression reduces proliferation and metastasis of PC cells and enhances sensitivity to therapeutic agents affirm its utility as a therapeutic target. Emerging evidence also supports the suitability of MUC4 as a potential immunotherapy target. However, these studies have been limited to in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo approaches using xenograft tumors in immunodeficient murine models. For translational relevance, MUC4-targeted therapies should be evaluated in murine models with intact immune system and accurate tumor microenvironment. Additionally, future studies evaluating MUC4 as a target for immunotherapy must entail characterization of immune response in PC patients and investigate its association with immunosuppression and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K Gautam
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Andrew Cannon
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Bradley Hall
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Rakesh Bhatia
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,d Department of Pediatrics , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,e Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,e Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,e Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
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28
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Urey C, Andersson B, Ansari D, Sasor A, Said-Hilmersson K, Nilsson J, Andersson R. Low MUC4 expression is associated with survival benefit in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer receiving adjuvant gemcitabine. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:595-600. [PMID: 28270046 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1290134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous in vitro studies have shown that mucin 4 (MUC4) confers resistance toward gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. To date, there are few clinical studies corroborating these findings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive impact of MUC4 expression on survival in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer receiving adjuvant gemcitabine. MATERIALS AND METHODS MUC4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 78 tissue sections from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing Whipple resection. The H-score was used to evaluate MUC4 expression. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to assess the predictive role of MUC4 expression. RESULTS The MUC4 protein was expressed in 93.6% (73/78) of pancreatic cancer tissue specimens. None of the normal control pancreatic tissues had any MUC4 expression. Low MUC4 expression (H-score ≤100) was detectable in 42 (53.8%) of tumors and high MUC4 expression (H-score >100) was detectable in 36 (46.2%) of tumors. Low expression of MUC4 was associated with favorable survival (p = .027), whereas high MUC4 expression did not correlate with survival (p = .87) in patients receiving adjuvant gemcitabine treatment. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study indicating a predictive role of MUC4 expression for gemcitabine treatment in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Urey
- a Department of Surgery , Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Bodil Andersson
- a Department of Surgery , Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- a Department of Surgery , Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Agata Sasor
- b Department of Pathology , Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Said-Hilmersson
- a Department of Surgery , Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Johan Nilsson
- c Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund , Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- a Department of Surgery , Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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29
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Rao CV, Janakiram NB, Mohammed A. Molecular Pathways: Mucins and Drug Delivery in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1373-1378. [PMID: 28039261 PMCID: PMC6038927 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, clinical and preclinical studies have clearly demonstrated the role of mucins in tumor development. It is well established that mucins form a barrier impeding drug access to target sites, leading to cancer chemoresistance. Recently gained knowledge regarding core enzyme synthesis has opened avenues to explore the possibility of disrupting mucin synthesis to improve drug efficacy. Cancer cells exploit aberrant mucin synthesis to efficiently mask the epithelial cells and ensure survival under hostile tumor microenvironment conditions. However, O-glycan synthesis enzyme core 2 beta 1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GCNT3/C2GnT-2) is overexpressed in Kras-driven mouse and human cancer, and inhibition of GCNT3 has been shown to disrupt mucin synthesis. This previously unrecognized developmental pathway might be responsible for aberrant mucin biosynthesis and chemoresistance. In this Molecular Pathways article, we briefly discuss the potential role of mucin synthesis in cancers, ways to improve drug delivery and disrupt mucin mesh to overcome chemoresistance by targeting mucin synthesis, and the unique opportunity to target the GCNT3 pathway for the prevention and treatment of cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1373-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology and Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Naveena B Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology and Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology and Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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30
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Li Y, Wu C, Chen T, Zhang J, Liu G, Pu Y, Zhu J, Shen C, Zhang Y, Zeng N, Zhang X. Effects of RNAi-mediated MUC4 gene silencing on the proliferation and migration of human pancreatic carcinoma BxPC-3 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3449-3455. [PMID: 27748843 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously demonstrated that mucin 4 (MUC4) is not expressed in normal pancreatic tissues or in chronic pancreatitis tissue but is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer (PC) tissue. Effective MUC4 gene knockdown in PC may contribute to the elucidation of pancreatic tumor development and metastasis, and may be valuable in new therapeutic approaches. Thus to confirm this, in the present study, the BxPC-3 cell line was transfected with eight pairs of shRNA lentiviral vectors for MUC4. The qPCR results showed that expression of MUC4 mRNA in the BxPC-3 cells was significantly decreased at 96 h after transfection. One of these shRNA lentiviral vectors (shRNA‑A141) had showed the strongest suppressive effect on MUC4 mRNA expression and was used for MUC4 knockdown in BxPC-3 cells. After stable transfection, BxPC-3 cells showed a significantly lower expression of MUC4 mRNA and MUC4 protein, and were suppressed on cell growth and migration. In vivo, lower tumor growth rates and tumor volume were observed in the tumors derived from the MUC4-knockdown cells, whereas the transplanted tumors derived from the control group cells, grew rapidly. Thus, inhibition of MUC4 expression may be an effective means for mitigating metastasis and invasion of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Changqiang Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Tianwu Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Yu Pu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Chemistry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Chengyi Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Pathophysiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Nanlin Zeng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
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31
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Tang J, Zhu Y, Xie K, Zhang X, Zhi X, Wang W, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wang L, Wang J, Xu Z. The role of the AMOP domain in MUC4/Y-promoted tumour angiogenesis and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:91. [PMID: 27287498 PMCID: PMC4902942 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MUC4 is a high molecular weight membrane protein that is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer (PC) and is associated with the development and progression of this disease. However, the exact mechanisms through which MUC4 domains promote these biological processes have rarely been studied, partly because of its high molecular weight, difficulty to overexpress it. Here, we use MUC4/Y, one of the MUC4 transcript variants, as a model molecule to investigate the AMOP-domain of MUC4(MUC/Y). METHODS We used cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation assays in vitro to explore the abilities of AMOP domain in PC. In vivo, the matrigel plug assay, orthotopic implantation and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to check the results we observed in vitro. Finally, we discovered the underlying mechanism through western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We found that MUC4/Y overexpression could enhance the angiogenic and metastatic properties of PC cells, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the deletion of AMOP domain could cutback these phenomena. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that mice injected with MUC4/Y overexpressed cells had shorter survival time, compared with empty-vector-transfected cells (MUC4/Y-EV), or cells expressing MUC4/Y without the AMOP domain (MUC4/Y-AMOP(△)). Our data also showed that overexpression of MUC4/Y could activate NOTCH3 signaling, increasing the expression of downstream genes: VEGF-A, MMP-9 and ANG-2. CONCLUSIONS The AMOP domain had an important role in MUC4/Y (MUC4)-mediated tumour angiogenesis and metastasis of PC cells; and the NOTCH3 signaling was involved. These findings provided new insights into PC therapies. Our study also supplies a new method to study other high molecular membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunling Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, the People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huai'an People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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32
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Joshi S, Kumar S, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress promotes MUC4 degradation via autophagy to enhance pancreatic cancer cells survival. Oncogene 2016; 35:5882-5892. [PMID: 27109098 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) and associated pre-neoplastic lesions have been reported to be hypoxic, primarily due to hypovascular nature of PC. Though the presence of hypoxia under cancerous condition has been associated with the overexpression of oncogenic proteins (MUC1), multiple emerging reports have also indicated the growth inhibitory effects of hypoxia. In spite of being recognized as the top-most differentially expressed and established oncogenic protein in PC, MUC4 regulation in terms of micro-environmental stress has not been determined. Herein, for the first time, we are reporting that MUC4 protein stability is drastically affected in PC, under hypoxic condition in a hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-independent manner. Mechanistically, we have demonstrated that hypoxia-mediated induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes autophagy by inhibiting pAkt/mTORC1 pathway, one of the central regulators of autophagy. Immunohistofluorescence analyses revealed significant negative correlation (P-value=0.017) between 8-hydroxy guanosine (8-OHG) and MUC4 in primary pancreatic tumors (n=25). Moreover, we found pronounced colocalization between MUC4 and LAMP1/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) in PC tissues and also observed their negative relationship in their expression pattern, suggesting that areas with high autophagy rate had less MUC4 expression. We also found that hypoxia and ROS have negative impact on overall cell growth and viability, which was partially, though significantly (P<0.05), rescued in the presence of MUC4. Altogether, hypoxia-mediated oxidative stress induces autophagy in PC, leading to the MUC4 degradation to enhance survival, possibly by offering required metabolites to stressed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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33
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García EP, Tiscornia I, Libisch G, Trajtenberg F, Bollati-Fogolín M, Rodríguez E, Noya V, Chiale C, Brossard N, Robello C, Santiñaque F, Folle G, Osinaga E, Freire T. MUC5B silencing reduces chemo-resistance of MCF-7 breast tumor cells and impairs maturation of dendritic cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2113-23. [PMID: 26984395 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins participate in cancer progression by regulating cell growth, adhesion, signaling, apoptosis or chemo-resistance to drugs. The secreted mucin MUC5B, the major component of the respiratory tract mucus, is aberrantly expressed in breast cancer, where it could constitute a cancer biomarker. In this study we evaluated the role of MUC5B in breast cancer by gene silencing the MUC5B expression with short hairpin RNA on MCF-7 cells. We found that MUC5B-silenced MCF-7 cells have a reduced capacity to grow, adhere and form cell colonies. Interestingly, MUC5B knock-down increased the sensitivity to death induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. We also show that MUC5B silencing impaired LPS-maturation of DCs, and production of cytokines. Furthermore, MUC5B knock-down also influenced DC-differentiation and activation since it resulted in an upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, cytokines that might be involved in cancer progression. Thus, MUC5B could enhance the production of LPS-induced cytokines, suggesting that the use of MUC5B-based cancer vaccines combined with DC-maturation stimuli, could favor the induction of an antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique P García
- Department of Immunobiology, Immunomodulation and Vaccine Development Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, CP11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Tiscornia
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Libisch
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Felipe Trajtenberg
- Unit of Protein Crystallography, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- Department of Immunobiology, Immunomodulation and Vaccine Development Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, CP11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Noya
- Department of Immunobiology, Immunomodulation and Vaccine Development Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, CP11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Chiale
- Department of Immunobiology, Immunomodulation and Vaccine Development Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, CP11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalie Brossard
- Department of Immunobiology, Immunomodulation and Vaccine Development Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, CP11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Federico Santiñaque
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Folle
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Glycobiology and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, CP 11400, Uruguay
| | - Teresa Freire
- Department of Immunobiology, Immunomodulation and Vaccine Development Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, CP11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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34
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Rao CV, Janakiram NB, Madka V, Kumar G, Scott EJ, Pathuri G, Bryant T, Kutche H, Zhang Y, Biddick L, Gali H, Zhao YD, Lightfoot S, Mohammed A. Small-Molecule Inhibition of GCNT3 Disrupts Mucin Biosynthesis and Malignant Cellular Behaviors in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1965-74. [PMID: 26880801 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive neoplasm with almost uniform lethality and a 5-year survival rate of 7%. Several overexpressed mucins that impede drug delivery to pancreatic tumors have been therapeutically targeted, but enzymes involved in mucin biosynthesis have yet to be preclinically evaluated as potential targets. We used survival data from human patients with pancreatic cancer, next-generation sequencing of genetically engineered Kras-driven mouse pancreatic tumors and human pancreatic cancer cells to identify the novel core mucin-synthesizing enzyme GCNT3 (core 2 β-1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase). In mouse pancreatic cancer tumors, GCNT3 upregulation (103-fold; P < 0.0001) was correlated with increased expression of mucins (5 to 87-fold; P < 0.04-0.0003). Aberrant GCNT3 expression was also associated with increased mucin production, aggressive tumorigenesis, and reduced patient survival, and CRISPR-mediated knockout of GCNT3 in pancreatic cancer cells reduced proliferation and spheroid formation. Using in silico small molecular docking simulation approaches, we identified talniflumate as a novel inhibitor that selectively binds to GCNT3. In particular, docking predictions suggested that three notable hydrogen bonds between talniflumate and GCNT3 contribute to a docking affinity of -8.3 kcal/mol. Furthermore, talniflumate alone and in combination with low-dose gefitinib reduced GCNT3 expression, leading to the disrupted production of mucins in vivo and in vitro Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting mucin biosynthesis through GCNT3 may improve drug responsiveness, warranting further development and investigation in preclinical models of pancreatic tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1965-74. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Naveena B Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Edgar J Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Gopal Pathuri
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Taylor Bryant
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hannah Kutche
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Laura Biddick
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hariprasad Gali
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yan D Zhao
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Stan Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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35
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Lakshmanan I, Rachagani S, Hauke R, Krishn SR, Paknikar S, Seshacharyulu P, Karmakar S, Nimmakayala RK, Kaushik G, Johansson SL, Carey GB, Ponnusamy MP, Kaur S, Batra SK, Ganti AK. MUC5AC interactions with integrin β4 enhances the migration of lung cancer cells through FAK signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4112-21. [PMID: 26751774 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MUC5AC is a secretory mucin aberrantly expressed in various cancers. In lung cancer, MUC5AC is overexpressed in both primary and metastatic lesions; however, its functional role is not well understood. The present study was aimed at evaluating mechanistic role of MUC5AC on metastasis of lung cancer cells. Clinically, the overexpression of MUC5AC was observed in lung cancer patient tissues and was associated with poor survival. In addition, the overexpression of Muc5ac was also observed in genetically engineered mouse lung adenocarcinoma tissues (Kras(G12D); Trp53(R172H/+); AdCre) in comparison with normal lung tissues. Our functional studies showed that MUC5AC knockdown resulted in significantly decreased migration in two lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1437) as compared with scramble cells. Expression of integrins (α5, β1, β3, β4 and β5) was decreased in MUC5AC knockdown cells. As both integrins and MUC5AC have a von Willebrand factor domain, we assessed for possible interaction of MUC5AC and integrins in lung cancer cells. MUC5AC strongly interacted only with integrin β4. The co-localization of MUC5AC and integrin β4 was observed both in A549 lung cancer cells as well as genetically engineered mouse adenocarcinoma tissues. Activated integrins recruit focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that mediates metastatic downstream signaling pathways. Phosphorylation of FAK (Y397) was decreased in MUC5AC knockdown cells. MUC5AC/integrin β4/FAK-mediated lung cancer cell migration was confirmed through experiments utilizing a phosphorylation (Y397)-specific FAK inhibitor. In conclusion, overexpression of MUC5AC is a poor prognostic marker in lung cancer. MUC5AC interacts with integrin β4 that mediates phosphorylation of FAK at Y397 leading to lung cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Hauke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S R Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Paknikar
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - P Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R K Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - G Kaushik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S L Johansson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - G B Carey
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A K Ganti
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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36
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Lai IC, Shih PH, Yao CJ, Yeh CT, Wang-Peng J, Lui TN, Chuang SE, Hu TS, Lai TY, Lai GM. Elimination of cancer stem-like cells and potentiation of temozolomide sensitivity by Honokiol in glioblastoma multiforme cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114830. [PMID: 25763821 PMCID: PMC4357432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult malignant glioma with poor prognosis due to the resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which might be critically involved in the repopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) after treatment. We had investigated the characteristics of cancer stem-like side population (SP) cells sorted from GBM cells, and studied the effect of Honokiol targeting on CSCs. GBM8401 SP cells possessed the stem cell markers, such as nestin, CD133 and Oct4, and the expressions of self-renewal related stemness genes, such as SMO, Notch3 and IHH (Indian Hedgehog). Honokiol inhibited the proliferation of both GBM8401 parental cells and SP cells in a dose-dependent manner, the IC50 were 5.3±0.72 and 11±1.1 μM, respectively. The proportions of SP in GBM8401 cells were diminished by Honokiol from 1.5±0.22% down to 0.3±0.02% and 0.2±0.01% at doses of 2.5 μM and 5 μM, respectively. The SP cells appeared to have higher expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and be more resistant to Temozolomide (TMZ). The resistance to TMZ could be only slightly reversed by MGMT inhibitor O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG), but markedly further enhanced by Honokiol addition. Such significant enhancement was accompanied with the higher induction of apoptosis, greater down-regulation of Notch3 as well as its downstream Hes1 expressions in SP cells. Our data indicate that Honokiol might have clinical benefits for the GBM patients who are refractory to TMZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Lai
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsiao Shih
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Yao
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline Wang-Peng
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ngar Lui
- Division of Neurosurgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Shu Hu
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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37
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Macha MA, Krishn SR, Jahan R, Banerjee K, Batra SK, Jain M. Emerging potential of natural products for targeting mucins for therapy against inflammation and cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:277-88. [PMID: 25624117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated mucin expression is a hallmark of several inflammatory and malignant pathologies. Emerging evidence suggests that, apart from biomarkers, these deregulated mucins are functional contributors to the pathogenesis in inflammation and cancer. Both overexpression and downregulation of mucins in various organ systems is associated with pathobiology of inflammation and cancer. Restoration of mucin homeostasis has become an important goal for therapy and management of such disorders has fueled the quest for selective mucomodulators. With improved understanding of mucin regulation and mechanistic insights into their pathobiological roles, there is optimism to find selective non-toxic agents capable of modulating mucin expression and function. Recently, natural compounds derived from dietary sources have drawn attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties and low toxicity. Considerable efforts have been directed towards evaluating dietary natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents; identification, characterization and synthesis of their active compounds; and improving their delivery and bioavailability. We describe the current understanding of mucin regulation, rationale for targeting mucins with natural products and discuss some natural products that modulate mucin expression and functions. We further discuss the approaches and parameters that should guide future research to identify and evaluate selective natural mucomodulators for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kasturi Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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38
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Jiang J, Li Z, Yu C, Chen M, Tian S, Sun C. MiR-1181 inhibits stem cell-like phenotypes and suppresses SOX2 and STAT3 in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:962-70. [PMID: 25444909 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer. Multiple oncogenes and signaling pathways have been confirmed to participate in the stemness maintenance and tumorigenicity of CSCs, including sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) and signal transduction and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3), which may provide novel therapeutic targets on pancreatic cancer. Here, we reported in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells that miR-1181 expression was markedly downregulated, and the low miR-1181 expression was associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-1181 inhibited, whereas downregulation of miR-1181 promoted, CSCs-like phenotypes in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-1181 directly suppressed SOX2 and STAT3 expression, resulting in downregulation of SOX2 and inhibition of the STAT3 pathway. Hence, our results suggest that miR-1181 plays a vital role in inhibiting the CSCs-like phenotypes in pancreatic cancer and might represent a potential target for anti-pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Meiyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Se Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China.
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39
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Altered gene products involved in the malignant reprogramming of cancer stem/progenitor cells and multitargeted therapies. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 39:3-32. [PMID: 23994756 PMCID: PMC3938987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in the field of cancer stem cells have revealed that the alterations in key gene products involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, altered metabolic pathways such as enhanced glycolysis, lipogenesis and/or autophagy and treatment resistance may occur in cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer progression. Particularly, the sustained activation of diverse developmental cascades such as hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/TGF-βR receptors and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) can play critical functions for high self-renewal potential, survival, invasion and metastases of cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. It has also been observed that cancer cells may be reprogrammed to re-express different pluripotency-associated stem cell-like markers such as Myc, Oct-3/4, Nanog and Sox-2 along the EMT process and under stressful and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, the enhanced expression and/or activities of some drug resistance-associated molecules such as Bcl-2, Akt/molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporters frequently occur in cancer cells during cancer progression and metastases. These molecular events may cooperate for the survival and acquisition of a more aggressive and migratory behavior by cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer transition to metastatic and recurrent disease states. Of therapeutic interest, these altered gene products may also be exploited as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets to develop novel multitargeted strategies for improving current cancer therapies and preventing disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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40
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Wang B, Zou Q, Sun M, Chen J, Wang T, Bai Y, Chen Z, Chen B, Zhou M. Reversion of trichostatin A resistance via inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway in human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2015-22. [PMID: 25224651 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major impediment to successful chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. We investigated the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition by wnt-c59 on chemoresistance in a trichostatin A-resistant Panc-1 cell line (Panc-1/TSA). Panc-1/TSA cells were treated with the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling inhibitor wnt-c59 (10 µmol · l-1) and/or trichostatin A (TSA; 10 µmol · l-1) for 24 h. CCK-8 assay was utilized to analyze the interactive effect of TSA and wnt-c59 on induction of apoptosis of the Panc-1/TSA cells. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to assess Wnt/β-catenin signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR). Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) was used to detect the cell migration ability. After wnt-c59 treatment for 24 h, relative genes and transcriptional targets of Wnt/β-catenin signaling were downregulated (P<0.05). CCK-8 assay indicated that the combination of TSA and wnt-c59 had a synergistic effect on induction of Panc-1/TSA cell apoptosis. As detected by FACS, cell apoptosis rates increased significantly (P<0.05). The results of RTCA showed that the cell indices of the control group, wnt-c59 group, TSA group and TSA+wnt-c59 combination group were 1.2842±0.0257, 1.2155±0.0282, 1.2533±0.0194 and 0.8541±0.0250, respectively. In accordance, MMP-9 protein in the wnt-c59 treatment groups was decreased compared to the non-wnt-c59 treatment groups. Meanwhile, E-cadherin protein was upregulated and vimentin protein was downregulated, both of which are characteristic markers of EMT. Chemoresistant gene MDR1 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the wnt-c59 treatment groups had a reduced expression compared to the non-wnt-c59 treatment groups. This study revealed that TSA sensitivity, migration ability, and the EMT phenotype in Panc-1/TSA cells were reversed following Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benquan Wang
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Chen
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zongjing Chen
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Ponnusamy MP, Seshacharyulu P, Lakshmanan I, Vaz AP, Chugh S, Batra SK. Emerging role of mucins in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2014; 13:945-56. [PMID: 24168188 DOI: 10.2174/15680096113136660100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important and complex phenomenon that determines the aggressiveness of cancer cells. The morphological transformation of cancerous cells is accompanied by various cellular processes such as alterations in cell-cell adhesion, cell matrix degradation, down regulation of epithelial marker Ecadherin and upregulation of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and Vimentin. Besides these markers several other important tumor antigens/mucins are also involved in the EMT process. Mainly high molecular weight glycoproteins such as mucin molecules (MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16) play a major role in the cellular transformation and signaling alteration in EMT process. In addition to these factors, EMT may be an essential process triggering the emergence or expansion of the CSC population, which slowly results in the initiation of tumor at metastatic sites. Furthermore, mucins have been demonstrated to be involved in the EMT process and also in the enrichment of cancer stem cell population. Mucin mediated EMT is very complex since the key components of tumor microenvironment are also regulating mucin molecules. In this review, we have discussed all the aforementioned factors and their mechanistic involvement for EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, USA.
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Khan ML, Halfdanarson TR, Borad MJ. Immunotherapeutic and oncolytic viral therapeutic strategies in pancreatic cancer. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1255-75. [PMID: 24947264 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive disease with dismal outcomes despite recent advances using combination chemotherapeutic regimens. The lack of an adequate immune response to malignant cells has been identified as a factor associated with tumor aggressiveness and refractoriness to systemic treatment. Preclinical and early clinical studies have identified numerous immunotherapeutic and oncolytic viral therapeutic strategies aimed towards amplifying the immune reaction to pancreatic cancer and have established encouraging results. Promising antitumor efficacy has been observed both in vitro and in vivo with many of these approaches. These novel applications have also led to improved understanding of the process of pancreatic tumor growth and invasion, knowledge of the tumor microenvironment and have pioneered further investigations of similar therapies. Here we review both immunotherapeutic and oncolytic viral therapeutic strategies in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan L Khan
- Mayo Clinic Arizona Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, 13400 E Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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43
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Jonckheere N, Skrypek N, Van Seuningen I. Mucins and tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:142-51. [PMID: 24785432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cancer patients not considered eligible for surgical resection frequently benefit from chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with one or combination of cytotoxic or cytostatic drugs. Recent advances in chemotherapy allowed a great number of cancer patients to receive treatment with significant results. Unfortunately, resistance to chemotherapeutic drug treatment is a major challenge for clinicians in the majority of epithelial cancers because it is responsible for the inefficiency of therapies. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous group of large O-glycoproteins that can be either secreted or membrane-bound. Implications of mucins have been described in relation to cancer cell behavior and cell signaling pathways associated with epithelial tumorigenesis. Because of the frequent alteration of the pattern of mucin expression in cancers as well as their structural and functional characteristics, mucins are thought to also be involved in response to therapies. In this report, we review the roles of mucins in chemoresistance and the associated underlying molecular mechanisms (physical barrier, resistance to apoptosis, drug metabolism, cell stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and discuss the therapeutic tools/strategies and/or prognosis biomarkers for personalized chemotherapy that could be proposed from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jonckheere
- Inserm, UMR837, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team #5 "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis", rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Nicolas Skrypek
- Inserm, UMR837, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team #5 "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis", rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Inserm, UMR837, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team #5 "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis", rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Molecular biomarkers of cancer stem/progenitor cells associated with progression, metastases, and treatment resistance of aggressive cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:234-54. [PMID: 24273063 PMCID: PMC3977531 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The validation of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tumor cells is of critical importance for optimizing the choice and efficacy of personalized therapies. Importantly, recent advances have led to the identification of gene-expression signatures in cancer cells, including cancer stem/progenitor cells, in the primary tumors, exosomes, circulating tumor cells (CTC), and disseminated cancer cells at distant metastatic sites. The gene-expression signatures may help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and predict the therapeutic responses and overall survival of patients with cancer. Potential biomarkers in cancer cells include stem cell-like markers [CD133, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD44, and CD24], growth factors, and their cognate receptors [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFRvIII, and HER2], molecules associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT; vimentin, N-cadherin, snail, twist, and Zeb1), regulators of altered metabolism (phosphatidylinositol-3' kinase/Akt/mTOR), and drug resistance (multidrug transporters and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1). Moreover, different pluripotency-associated transcription factors (Oct3/4, Nanog, Sox2, and Myc) and microRNAs that are involved in the epigenetic reprogramming and acquisition of stem cell-like properties by cancer cells during cancer progression may also be exploited as molecular biomarkers to predict the risk of metastases, systemic treatment resistance, and disease relapse of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Vaz AP, Ponnusamy MP, Seshacharyulu P, Batra SK. A concise review on the current understanding of pancreatic cancer stem cells. JOURNAL OF CANCER STEM CELL RESEARCH 2014; 2:e1004. [PMID: 26451384 PMCID: PMC4594952 DOI: 10.14343/jcscr.2014.2e1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several evidences suggest that a small population of cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating stemlike cells within a tumor is capable of tumor initiation, maintenance and propagation. Recent publications have supported the existence of CSCs in pancreatic tumors. The pancreatic stem/progenitor cells, which express self-renewal markers, are identified to be present in the peribiliary gland. Based on the CSC hypothesis, mutations can lead to the transformation of stem/progenitor cells or differentiated cells into CSCs. The pancreatic CSCs express a wide array of markers such as CD44, CD24, ESA, CD133, c-MET, CXCR4, PD2/Paf1 and ALDH1. The CSCs are isolated based on surface markers or by other methods such as ALDEFLOUR assay or Hoechst 33342 dye exclusion assay. The isolated cells are further characterized by in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic assays. The most important characteristics of CSCs are its ability to self-renew and impart drug resistance towards chemotherapy. Moreover, these distinct cells display alteration of signaling pathways pertaining to CSCs such as Notch, Wnt and Shh to maintain the self-renewal process. Failure of cancer treatment could be attributed to the therapy resistance exhibited by the CSCs. Metastasis and drug resistance in pancreatic cancer is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, mucins, the high molecular weight proteins are found to be associated with pancreatic CSCs and EMT. Understanding the underlying molecular pathways that aid in the metastatic and drug resistant nature of these distinct cells will aid in targeting these cells. Overall, this review focuses on the various aspects of pancreatic adult/stem progenitors, CSC hypothesis, its markers, pathways, niche, EMT and novel therapeutic drugs used for the elimination of pancreatic CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arokia Priyanka Vaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Zhi X, Tao J, Xie K, Zhu Y, Li Z, Tang J, Wang W, Xu H, Zhang J, Xu Z. MUC4-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin: a novel mechanism for growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 346:104-13. [PMID: 24374017 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The membrane mucin MUC4 is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers and is of clinical significance to diagnosis and prognosis in pancreatic cancer. However, the role of MUC4 in angiogenesis and the potential association among these malignant capabilities have not been explored. In this study, we investigated the collective signaling mechanisms associated with MUC4-induced growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer. Knockdown of MUC4 in two pancreatic cancer cell lines led to downregulation of lysosomal degradation of E-cadherin by Src kinase through downregulation of pFAK and pSrc pathway. The downregulation of lysosomal degradation of E-cadherin in turn induced the formation of E-cadherin/β-catenin complex and membrane translocation of β-catenin, resulting in the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, the Wnt/β-catenin target genes c-Myc, Cyclin D1, CD44 and VEGF were down-regulated and their malignant functions proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis were reduced. Taken together, MUC4-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin is a novel mechanism for growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jinqiu Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kunling Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Sopha SC, Gopal P, Merchant NB, Revetta FL, Gold DV, Washington K, Shi C. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of a novel immunohistochemical panel detecting duodenal mucosal invasion by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:2476-2486. [PMID: 24228110 PMCID: PMC3816817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated a series of pancreaticoduodenectomy and duodenal biopsies with a panel of immunohistochemical markers to identify duodenal mucosal invasion by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), including markers of poor prognosis and targets of promising novel immunotherapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens with duodenal mucosal invasion by PDAC were examined for expression of MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6, mesothelin, MUC2, CDX2, and DPC4 on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of duodenal-ampullary-pancreatic junctions. Expression of all but MUC6 was also assessed in duodenal biopsies from 12 patients with duodenal mucosal invasion by PDAC. RESULTS The duodenal mucosa expressed MUC1 (crypts), MUC2 (goblet cells), MUC6 (Brunner glands), CDX2, and DPC4. PDACs in the duodenal mucosa from the resection (n=16-18) and biopsy (n=12) specimens were marked as follows: MUC1 100% (30/30), MUC4 83% (24/29), MUC5AC 83% (25/30), mesothelin 82% (23/28), MUC2 7% (2/30), and CDX2 36% (10/28). Loss of DPC4 expression was seen in 16 of 29 (55%) cases. Reactive mucosa adjacent to PDAC expressed MUC4, MUC5AC and mesothelin in 65% (17/26), 19% (5/27), and 19% (5/26) of cases, respectively. While MUC5AC and mesothelin had high diagnostic accuracy for detection of PDAC, MUC2, CDX2 and DPC4 expression demonstrated negative correlation with PDAC, with absent expression being highly specific for PDAC. CONCLUSION Immunohistochemical labeling for PDAC biomarkers may aid the diagnosis of PDAC in duodenal biopsy, especially in situations where diagnosis of a pancreatic mass is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina C Sopha
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Purva Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Nipun B Merchant
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Frank L Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - David V Gold
- Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and ImmunologyMorris Plains, NJ, USA
| | - Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
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Ansari D, Urey C, Gundewar C, Bauden MP, Andersson R. Comparison of MUC4 expression in primary pancreatic cancer and paired lymph node metastases. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:1183-7. [PMID: 24047396 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.832368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE. Mucin 4 (MUC4) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but not in normal pancreatic tissue. MUC4 has a proposed role in pancreatic tumor progression and metastasis. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate MUC4 expression during PDAC metastasis by comparing the expression in the primary tumor and paired lymph node metastases from the same patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Surgical specimens from 17 cases of primary PDAC and paired lymph node metastases were immunohistochemically analyzed for MUC4 expression. The modified histochemical score (H-score) was used for staining assessment. RESULTS. Positive staining for MUC4 was detected in most primary and metastatic PDAC tumors (15/17 vs. 14/17). The concordance for MUC4 expression in primary tumors and corresponding lymph node metastases was 82%. In two cases, the primary tumor was MUC4-positive and the lymph node metastases were negative, while in one patient with a MUC4-negative primary tumor, the lymph node metastasis was positive. The distribution of H-score for expression of MUC4 significantly correlated (r = 0.615; p = 0.009) between primary tumors and paired metastatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS MUC4 was observed in both primary and matched metastatic tumors with a high level of concordance, suggesting that MUC4 expression is retained following PDAC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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Concomitant targeting of multiple key transcription factors effectively disrupts cancer stem cells enriched in side population of human pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73942. [PMID: 24040121 PMCID: PMC3770686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major challenge in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the failure of chemotherapy, which is likely due to the presence of the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Objective To identify side population (SP) cells and characterize s-like properties in human pancreatic cancer cell lines (h-PCCLs) and to exploit the efficacy of concomitant targeting of multiple key transcription factors governing the stemness of pancreatic CSCs in suppressing CSC-like phenotypes. Methods Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 DNA-binding dye efflux assay were used to sort SP and non-SP (NSP) cells from three h-PCCLs: PANC-1, SW1990, and BxPc-3. The self-renewal ability, invasiveness, migration and drug resistance of SP cells were evaluated. Expression of CSC marker genes was analyzed. Tumorigenicity was assessed using a xenograft model in nude mice. Effects of a complex decoy oligonucleotide (cdODN-SCO) designed to simultaneously targeting Sox2, Oct4 and c-Myc were assessed. Results CSCs were enriched in the side proportion (SP) cells contained in the h-PCCLs and they possessed aggressive growth, invasion, migration and drug-resistance properties, compared with NSP cells. SP cells overexpressed stem cell markers CD133 and ALDH1, pluripotency maintaining factors Nanog, Sox2 and Oct4, oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc, signaling molecule Notch1, and drug resistant gene ABCG2. Moreover, SP cells consistently demonstrated significantly greater tumorigenicity than NSP cells in xenograft model of nude mice. CdODN–SOC efficiently suppressed all CSC properties and phenotypes, and minimized the tumorigenic capability of the SP cells and the resistance to chemotherapy. By comparison, the negative control failed to do so. Conclusion The findings indicate that targeting the key genes conferring the stemness of CSCs can efficiently eliminate CSC-like phenotypes, and thus may be considered a new approach for cancer therapy. Specifically, the present study establishes the combination of Sox2/Oct4/c-Myc targeting as a potential anti-pancreatic cancer agent worthy of further studies in preclinical settings.
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Kozinn SI, Harty NJ, Delong JM, Deliyiannis C, Logvinenko T, Summerhayes IC, Libertino JA, Holway AH, Rieger-Christ KM. MicroRNA Profile to Predict Gemcitabine Resistance in Bladder Carcinoma Cell Lines. Genes Cancer 2013; 4:61-9. [PMID: 23946872 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913484495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, noncoding RNAs with important regulatory roles in development, differentiation, cell proliferation, and death as well as the complex process of acquired drug resistance. The goal of this study was to identify specific miRNAs and their potential protein targets that confer acquired resistance to gemcitabine in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) cell lines. Gemcitabine-resistant cells were established from 6 cell lines following exposure to escalating concentrations of the drug and by passaging cells in the presence of the drug over a 2- to 3-month period. Differential miRNA expression was identified in a microarray format comparing untreated controls with resistant cell lines, representing the maximum tolerated concentration, and results were validated via qRT-PCR. The involvement of specific miRNAs in chemoresistance was confirmed with transfection experiments, followed by clonogenic assays and Western blot analysis. Gemcitabine resistance was generated in 6 UCB cell lines. Microarray analysis comparing miRNA expression between gemcitabine-resistant and parental cells identified the differential expression of 66 miRNAs. Confirmation of differential expression was recorded via qRT-PCR in a subset of these miRNAs. Within this group, let-7b and let-7i exhibited decreased expression, while miR-1290 and miR-138 displayed increased expression levels in gemcitabine-resistant cells. Transfection of pre-miR-138 and pre-miR-1290 into parental cells attenuated cell death after exposure to gemcitabine, while transfection of pre-miR-let-7b and pre-miR-let-7i into the resistant cells augmented cell death. Mucin-4 was up-regulated in gemcitabine-resistant cells. Ectopic expression of let-7i and let-7b in the resistant cells resulted in the down-regulation of mucin-4. These results suggest a role for miRNAs 1290, 138, let-7i, and let-7b in imparting resistance to gemcitabine in UCB cell lines in part through the modulation of mucin-4. Alterations in these miRNAs and/or mucin-4 may constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of gemcitabine in UCB.
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