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Camalexin, an indole phytoalexin, inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and mammosphere formation in breast cancer cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. J Nat Med 2021; 76:110-118. [PMID: 34463909 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Despite a variety of drugs available for the treatment of patients with breast cancer, drug resistance remains a significant clinical problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs with new mechanisms of action. Camalexin is the main indole phytoalexin in Arabidopsis thaliana and other crucifers. Camalexin inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells. However, the mechanism by which camalexin inhibits cell proliferation remains unclear. In this study, we found that camalexin inhibited cell proliferation and migration of breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, camalexin also suppressed breast cancer stem cell-derived mammosphere formation. We previously reported that the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist suppresses mammosphere formation. Several compounds with indole structures are known to act as AhR agonists. Therefore, we hypothesized that the inhibition of mammosphere formation by camalexin may involve AhR activation. We found that camalexin increased the nuclear translocation of AhR, AhR-mediated transcriptional activation, and expression of AhR target genes. In addition, camalexin suppressed mammosphere formation in AhR-expressing breast cancer cells more than in the breast cancer cells that lacked AhR expression. Taken together, the data demonstrate that camalexin is a novel AhR agonist and that the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and mammosphere formation by camalexin involves the activation of AhR. Our findings suggest that camalexin, an AhR agonist, may be a novel therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Kamble D, Mahajan M, Dhat R, Sitasawad S. Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway Regulates ALDH and Contributes to Radioresistance in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:E83. [PMID: 33419140 PMCID: PMC7825579 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence after radiotherapy due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is a clinical challenge, and the mechanism remains unclear. Low levels of ROS and enhanced antioxidant defenses are shown to contribute to increasing radioresistance. However, the role of Nrf2-Keap1-Bach1 signaling in the radioresistance of BCSCs remains elusive. Fractionated radiation increased the percentage of the ALDH-expressing subpopulation and their sphere formation ability, promoted mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and enhanced radioresistance in BCSCs. Radiation activated Nrf2 via Keap1 silencing and enhanced the tumor-initiating capability of BCSCs. Furthermore, knockdown of Nrf2 suppressed ALDH+ population and stem cell markers, reduced radioresistance by decreasing clonogenicity and blocked the tumorigenic ability in immunocompromised mice. An underlying mechanism of Keap1 silencing could be via miR200a, as we observed a significant increase in its expression, and the promoter methylation of Keap1 or GSK-3β did not change. Our data demonstrate that ALDH+ BCSC population contributes to breast tumor radioresistance via the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, and targeting this cell population with miR200a could be beneficial but warrants detailed studies. Our results support the notion that Nrf2-Keap1 signaling controls mesenchymal-epithelial plasticity, regulates tumor-initiating ability and promotes the radioresistance of BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandhya Sitasawad
- Redox Biology Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India; (D.K.); (M.M.); (R.D.)
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3
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Tian Y, Tian Y, Tu Y, Zhang G, Zeng X, Lin J, Ai M, Mao Z, Zheng R, Yuan Y. microRNA-124 inhibits stem-like properties and enhances radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via direct repression of expression of JAMA. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9533-9544. [PMID: 32681617 PMCID: PMC7520313 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a source of tumour recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); however, the function of microRNA‐124 (miR‐124) in NPC CSCs has not been clearly defined. In this study, we investigated the role of miR‐124 in NPC CSCs. qRT‐PCR was performed to measure miR‐124 expression in NPC tissues and cell lines and the effects of miR‐124 on stem‐like properties and radiosensitivity of NPC cells measured. Luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments were used to investigate the interaction of miR‐124 with the 3′UTR of junctional adhesion molecule A (JAMA). Finally, we examined the effects of miR‐124 in an animal model and clinical samples. Down‐regulation of miR‐124 was detected in cancer tissues and was inversely associated with tumour stage and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of miR‐124 inhibited stemness properties and enhanced radiosensitivity of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo via targeting JAMA. Up‐regulation of miR‐124 was correlated with superior overall survival of patients with NPC. Our study demonstrates that miR‐124 can inhibit stem‐like properties and enhance radiosensitivity by directly targeting JAMA in NPC. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying therapy failure in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunming Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hui Zhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yinuo Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixu Mao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cai X, Feng J, Chen F, Guo C, Sun L, Li L. Synergistic effect of glycated chitosan and photofrin photodynamic therapy on different breast tumor model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101842. [PMID: 32485403 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastases and recurrence of cancer are the main causes of failure and death. Induction of a long-term tumor specific immunity seems to be a great strategy to deal with this challenge. Laser immunotherapy (LIT), using immunomodulatory techniques in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT), so as to enhance an already robust immune response, has been proposed and investigated by numerous researchers. In our study, mice bearing EMT6 breast tumors and 4T1 metastatic breast tumors were addressed in various permutations of the different components in LIT. The survival rates and the tumor growth curve of EMT6 breast tumors bearing mice were analyzed. We compared the level of inflammatory reaction, cell apoptosis and activated immune cells infiltration of local tumors. We validated the systemic effect of LIT through the 4T1 metastatic breast tumors bearing mice. The results not only proved that concomitant with Glycated chitosan (GC) can improve the effect of inhibiting the tumor growth, improving survival, enhancing local inflammatory reaction and attracting acted immune cells to tumor by photodynamic therapy with Photofrin, but also intuitively proved the systemic effect and long-term effect of LIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cai
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Jieni Feng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325200, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Chaofan Guo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325200, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Libo Li
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.
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Velasco-Velázquez MA, Velázquez-Quesada I, Vásquez-Bochm LX, Pérez-Tapia SM. Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Methodological Perspective. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:389-397. [PMID: 30147014 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180821155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) constitute a subpopulation at the top of the tumor cell hierarchy that contributes to tumor heterogeneity and is uniquely capable of seeding new tumors. Because of their biological properties, CSCs have been pointed out as therapeutic targets for the development of new therapies against breast cancer. The identification of drugs that selectively target breast CSCs requires a clear understanding of their biological functions and the experimental methods to evaluate such hallmarks. Herein, we review the methods to study breast CSCs properties and discuss their value in the preclinical evaluation of CSC-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Velasco-Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad Periférica de Investigación en Biomedicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Inés Velázquez-Quesada
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigacion en Bioprocesos, ENCB, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luz X Vásquez-Bochm
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sonia M Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigacion en Bioprocesos, ENCB, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Schwarcz R, Stone TW. The kynurenine pathway and the brain: Challenges, controversies and promises. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:237-247. [PMID: 27511838 PMCID: PMC5803785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Research on the neurobiology of the kynurenine pathway has suffered years of relative obscurity because tryptophan degradation, and its involvement in both physiology and major brain diseases, was viewed almost exclusively through the lens of the well-established metabolite serotonin. With increasing recognition that kynurenine and its metabolites can affect and even control a variety of classic neurotransmitter systems directly and indirectly, interest is expanding rapidly. Moreover, kynurenine pathway metabolism itself is modulated in conditions such as infection and stress, which are known to induce major changes in well-being and behaviour, so that kynurenines may be instrumental in the etiology of psychiatric and neurological disorders. It is therefore likely that the near future will not only witness the discovery of additional physiological and pathological roles for brain kynurenines, but also ever-increasing interest in drug development based on these roles. In particular, targeting the kynurenine pathway with new specific agents may make it possible to prevent disease by appropriate pharmacological or genetic manipulations. The following overview focuses on areas of kynurenine research which are either controversial, of major potential therapeutic interest, or just beginning to receive the degree of attention which will clarify their relevance to neurobiology and medicine. It also highlights technical issues so that investigators entering the field, and new research initiatives, are not misdirected by inappropriate experimental approaches or incorrect interpretations at this time of skyrocketing interest in the subject matter. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Kynurenine Pathway in Health and Disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schwarcz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Trevor W Stone
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Long-term exposure of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to ethanol stimulates oncogenic features. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:49-65. [PMID: 27959387 PMCID: PMC5182011 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for breast cancer. Little is known regarding the mechanism, although it is assumed that acetaldehyde or estrogen mediated pathways play a role. We previously showed that long-term exposure to 2.5 mM ethanol (blood alcohol ~0.012%) of MCF-12A, a human normal epithelial breast cell line, induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and oncogenic transformation. In this study, we investigated in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, whether a similar exposure to ethanol at concentrations ranging up to peak blood levels in heavy drinkers would increase malignant progression. Short-term (1-week) incubation to ethanol at as low as 1-5 mM (corresponding to blood alcohol concentration of ~0.0048-0.024%) upregulated the stem cell related proteins Oct4 and Nanog, but they were reduced after exposure at 25 mM. Long-term (4-week) exposure to 25 mM ethanol upregulated the Oct4 and Nanog proteins, as well as the malignancy marker Ceacam6. DNA microarray analysis in cells exposed for 1 week showed upregulated expression of metallothionein genes, particularly MT1X. Long-term exposure upregulated expression of some malignancy related genes (STEAP4, SERPINA3, SAMD9, GDF15, KRT15, ITGB6, TP63, and PGR, as well as the CEACAM, interferon related, and HLA gene families). Some of these findings were validated by RT-PCR. A similar treatment also modulated numerous microRNAs (miRs) including one regulator of Oct4 as well as miRs involved in oncogenesis and/or malignancy, with only a few estrogen-induced miRs. Long-term 25 mM ethanol also induced a 5.6-fold upregulation of anchorage-independent growth, an indicator of malignant-like features. Exposure to acetaldehyde resulted in little or no effect comparable to that of ethanol. The previously shown alcohol induction of oncogenic transformation of normal breast cells is now complemented by the current results suggesting alcohol's potential involvement in malignant progression of breast cancer.
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Gu H, Wu XY, Fan RT, Wang X, Guo YZ, Wang R. Side population cells from long-term passage non-small cell lung cancer cells display loss of cancer stem cell-like properties and chemoradioresistance. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2886-2893. [PMID: 27698875 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The side population (SP) assay is a widely used method for isolating stem cell-like cells from cancer cell lines and primary cells. The cancer cells used in different laboratories have been passaged for different generations. Emerging evidence revealed that repeated passaging of cell lines for multiple generations frequently leads to change of characteristics. Thus, it is worth investigating the effects of repeated passaging on the biological and functional properties of the enriched SP fraction from early- and late-passage cells. The present study reports that the cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics, including increased frequency of tumor-initiating and self-renewal capacity, and resistance to the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin and ionizing radiation, was diminished in SP cells from late-passage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. This finding revealed that the SP from long-term passage NSCLC cells was not consistently enriched for stem cell-like cancer cells, and low-passage cell lines and primary cancer cells are therefore recommended in the CSCs field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Tai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - You-Zhong Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Al Faraj A, Shaik AS, Ratemi E, Halwani R. Combination of drug-conjugated SWCNT nanocarriers for efficient therapy of cancer stem cells in a breast cancer animal model. J Control Release 2016; 225:240-51. [PMID: 26827662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting breast cancer and more specifically cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation, responsible for tumor growth, resistance and self-renewal, using combination of therapeutic drugs selectively delivered via biocompatible nanocarriers, provides a novel approach for effective therapy. Here, we propose to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy of combining Paclitaxel and Salinomycin drugs actively targeted to both breast cancer and CSCs in xenograft murine model after conjugation with biocompatible CD44 antibody conjugated SWCNTs via hydrazone linker allowing pH-responsive release mechanism near the acidic tumor microenvironment. Both in vitro investigations on MDA-MB-231, sorted CSC negative or CSC positive fractions and in vivo evaluations on tumor-bearing mice using noninvasive bioluminescence and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the enhanced therapeutic effect of the combined therapy compared to treatment with individual drug-conjugated nanocarriers or free drug suspensions. Thus, confirmed the great promise of the developed SWCNTs drug delivery system for effective breast cancer treatment by targeting and eradicating both whole tumor cells and CSCs populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Al Faraj
- King Saud University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asma Sultana Shaik
- King Saud University, Prince Naif Health Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elaref Ratemi
- Jubail Industrial College, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- King Saud University, College of Medicine, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Department of Pediatrics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yang HY, Qu RM, Lin XS, Liu TX, Sun QQ, Yang C, Li XH, Lu W, Hu XF, Dai JX, Yuan L. IGF-1 from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes radioresistance of breast cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10115-9. [PMID: 25556435 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) on radioresistance of breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assays were used to detect any influence of AMSC supernatants on proliferation of breast cancer cells; cell migration assays were used to determine the effect of breast cancer cells on the recruitment of AMSCs; the cell survival fraction post-irradiation was assessed by clonogenic survival assay; γ-H2AX foci number post-irradiation was determined via fluorescence microscopy; and expression of IGF-1R was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS AMSC supernatants promoted proliferation and radioresistance of breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cells could recruit AMSCs, especially after irradiation. IGF-1 derived from AMSCs might be responsible for the radioresistance of breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that AMSCs in the tumor microenvironment may affect the outcome of radiotherapy for breast cancer in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China E-mail : ;
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Van Pham P, Vu BT, Lu-Chinh Phan N, Le HT, Phan NK. In vitro spontaneous differentiation of human breast cancer stem cells and methods to control this process. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-015-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Ding Y, Li Q, Wang R, Liu T, Sun Q, Yang H, Peng S, Wang W, Chen L. MiR-20a Induces Cell Radioresistance by Activating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92:1132-1140. [PMID: 26031366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of miR-20a in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell radioresistance, which may reveal potential strategies to improve treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS The expression of miR-20a and PTEN were detected in HCC cell lines and paired primary tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell radiation combined with colony formation assays was administrated to discover the effect of miR-20a on radiosensitivity. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase assay were used to identify the target of miR-20a. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 was used to inhibit phosphorylation of Akt, to verify whether miR-20a affects HCC cell radioresistance through activating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway. RESULTS MiR-20a levels were increased in HCC cell lines and tissues, whereas PTEN was inversely correlated with it. Overexpression of miR-20a in Bel-7402 and SMMC-7721 cells enhances their resistance to the effect of ionizing radiation, and the inhibition of miR-20a in HCCLM3 and QGY-7701 cells sensitizes them to it. PTEN was identified as a direct functional target of miR-20a for the induction of radioresistance. Overexpression of miR-20a activated the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, the kinase inhibitor LY294002 could reverse the effect of miR-20a-induced radioresistance. CONCLUSION MiR-20a induces HCC cell radioresistance by activating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, which suggests that miR-20a/PTEN/PI3K/Akt might represent a target of investigation for developing effective therapeutic strategies against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quanquan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shunli Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Sun Q, Liu T, Zhang T, Du S, Xie GX, Lin X, Chen L, Yuan Y. MiR-101 sensitizes human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to radiation by targeting stathmin 1. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3330-6. [PMID: 25607713 PMCID: PMC4368084 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance remains a major problem in the treatment of patients suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the induction of radioresistance may provide strategies to improve NPC patients' response to therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of microRNA (miR)-101 on the radioresistance of NPC cells. Analysis of miR-101 expression levels indicated that miR-101 was downregulated in NPC cell lines. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-101 suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced radiosensitivity of NPC cells. Stathmin 1 (STMN1) was additionally verified as a direct functional target of miR-101, which was found to be involved in cell viability, radioresistance and radiation-induced autophagy of NPC cells. In conclusions, the results of the present study suggested that the identified miR-101/STMN1 pathway contributed to the elucidation of the mechanisms of radioresistance in human NPC and that it may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guozhu Xie Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Sun Q, Liu T, Yuan Y, Guo Z, Xie G, Du S, Lin X, Xu Z, Liu M, Wang W, Yuan Q, Chen L. MiR-200c inhibits autophagy and enhances radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells by targeting UBQLN1. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1003-12. [PMID: 25044403 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Radioresistance is a major challenge during the treatment of breast cancer. A further understanding of the mechanisms of radioresistance could provide strategies to address this challenge. In our study, we compared the expression of miR-200c in four distinct breast cancer cell lines: two representative basal cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and BT549) vs. two representative luminal cancer cells (MCF-7 and BT474). The results revealed practically lower expression of miR-200c in the two basal cancer cell lines and higher expression of miR-200c in luminal cancer cells compared to the normal breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A. Ectopic expression of miR-200c in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited irradiation-induced autophagy and sensitized the breast cancer cells to irradiation. We also identified UBQLN1 as a direct functional target of miR-200c involved in irradiation-induced autophagy and radioresistance. In 35 human breast cancer tissue samples, we detected an inverse correlation between the expression of miR-200c vs. UBQLN1 and LC3. These results indicate that the identified miR-200c/UBQLN1-mediated autophagy pathway may help to elucidate radioresistance in human breast cancer and might represent a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Liu T, Li Q, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang R, Chen L, Wang W. MET inhibitor PHA-665752 suppresses the hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell proliferation and radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:49-54. [PMID: 24802404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although ionizing radiation (IR) has provided considerable improvements in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), in subsets of patients, radioresistance is still a major problem in the treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that irradiation induced MET overexpression and activation, and the aberrant MET signal mediated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induced radioresistance. We also found that MET inhibitor PHA-665752 effectively suppressed HGF induced cell proliferation and radioresistance in NPC cells. Further investigation indicated that PHA-665752 suppressed the phosphorylation of the Akt, ERK1/2, and STAT3 proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Our data indicated that the combination of IR with a MET inhibitor, such as PHA-665752, might be a promising therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Quanquan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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The culture of cancer cell lines as tumorspheres does not systematically result in cancer stem cell enrichment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89644. [PMID: 24586931 PMCID: PMC3933663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) have raised great excitement during the last decade and are promising targets for an efficient treatment of tumors without relapses and metastases. Among the various methods that enable to enrich cancer cell lines in CSC, tumorspheres culture has been predominantly used. In this report, we attempted to generate tumorspheres from several murine and human cancer cell lines: B16-F10, HT-29, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Tumorspheres were obtained with variable efficiencies from all cell lines except from MDA-MB-231 cells. Then, we studied several CSC characteristics in both tumorspheres and adherent cultures of the B16-F10, HT-29 and MCF-7 cells. Unexpectedly, tumorspheres-forming cells were less clonogenic and, in the case of B16-F10, less proliferative than attached cells. In addition, we did not observe any enrichment in the population expressing CSC surface markers in tumorspheres from B16-F10 (CD133, CD44 and CD24 markers) or MCF-7 (CD44 and CD24 markers) cells. On the contrary, tumorspheres culture of HT-29 cells appeared to enrich in cells expressing colon CSC markers, i.e. CD133 and CD44 proteins. For the B16-F10 cell line, when 1 000 cells were injected in syngenic C57BL/6 mice, tumorspheres-forming cells displayed a significantly lower tumorigenic potential than adherent cells. Finally, tumorspheres culture of B16-F10 cells induced a down-regulation of vimentin which could explain, at least partially, the lower tumorigenicity of tumorspheres-forming cells. All these results, along with the literature, indicate that tumorspheres culture of cancer cell lines can induce an enrichment in CSC but in a cell line-dependent manner. In conclusion, extensive characterization of CSC properties in tumorspheres derived from any cancer cell line or cancer tissue must be performed in order to ensure that the generated tumorspheres are actually enriched in CSC.
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17
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Yang CF, Peng LX, Huang TJ, Yang GD, Chu QQ, Liang YY, Cao X, Xie P, Zheng LS, Huang HB, Cai MD, Huang JL, Liu RY, Zhu ZY, Qian CN, Huang BJ. Cancer stem-like cell characteristics induced by EB virus-encoded LMP1 contribute to radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by suppressing the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:260-71. [PMID: 24262659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence confirms that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the chemoradioresistance of malignancies. EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is associated with tumor relapse and poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, whether LMP1 induces the development of CSCs and the mechanism by which this rare cell subpopulation leads to radioresistance in NPC remain unclear. In the present study, LMP1-transformed NPC cells showed significant radioresistance compared to the empty vector control. We found that LMP1 up-regulated the expression of several stemness-related genes, increased the cell number of side population (SP) by flow cytometry analysis, enhanced the self-renewal properties of the cells in a spherical culture and enhanced the in vivo tumor initiation ability. We also found that LMP1 positively regulated the expression of the CSC marker CD44. The CD44(+/High) subpopulation of the LMP1-transformed NPC cells displayed more significant CSC characteristics than the CD44(-/Low) subpopulation of the LMP1-transformed NPC cells; these characteristics included the upregulation of stemness-related genes, in vitro self-renewal and in vivo tumor initiation ability. Importantly, the CD44(+/High) subpopulation displayed more radioresistance than the CD44(-/Low) subpopulation. Our results also demonstrated that phosphorylation of the DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, ATM, Chk1, Chk2 and p53, was inactivated in the LMP1-induced CD44(+/High) cells in response to DNA damage, and this was accompanied by a downregulation of the p53-targeted proapoptotic genes, which suggested that the inactivation of the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway was responsible for the radioresistance in the CD44(+/High) cells. Taken together, we found that LMP1 induced an increase in CSC-like CD44(+/High) cells, and we determined the molecular mechanism underlying the radioresistance of the LMP1-activated CSCs, highlighting the need of CSC-targeted radiotherapy in EBV-positive NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Fu Yang
- Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Jun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guang-Da Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-De Cai
- Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Ling Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ran-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Koshkin V, Yang BB, Krylov SN. Kinetics of MDR transport in tumor-initiating cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79222. [PMID: 24223908 PMCID: PMC3815210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) driven by ABC (ATP binding cassette) membrane transporters is one of the major causes of treatment failure in human malignancy. MDR capacity is thought to be unevenly distributed among tumor cells, with higher capacity residing in tumor-initiating cells (TIC) (though opposite finding are occasionally reported). Functional evidence for enhanced MDR of TICs was previously provided using a "side population" assay. This assay estimates MDR capacity by a single parameter - cell's ability to retain fluorescent MDR substrate, so that cells with high MDR capacity ("side population") demonstrate low substrate retention. In the present work MDR in TICs was investigated in greater detail using a kinetic approach, which monitors MDR efflux from single cells. Analysis of kinetic traces obtained allowed for the estimation of both the velocity (V max) and affinity (K M) of MDR transport in single cells. In this way it was shown that activation of MDR in TICs occurs in two ways: through the increase of V max in one fraction of cells, and through decrease of K M in another fraction. In addition, kinetic data showed that heterogeneity of MDR parameters in TICs significantly exceeds that of bulk cells. Potential consequences of these findings for chemotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilij Koshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Burton B. Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergey N. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Smart CE, Morrison BJ, Saunus JM, Vargas AC, Keith P, Reid L, Wockner L, Askarian-Amiri M, Sarkar D, Simpson PT, Clarke C, Schmidt CW, Reynolds BA, Lakhani SR, Lopez JA. In vitro analysis of breast cancer cell line tumourspheres and primary human breast epithelia mammospheres demonstrates inter- and intrasphere heterogeneity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64388. [PMID: 23750209 PMCID: PMC3672101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammosphere and breast tumoursphere culture have gained popularity as in vitro assays for propagating and analysing normal and cancer stem cells. Whether the spheres derived from different sources or parent cultures themselves are indeed single entities enriched in stem/progenitor cells compared to other culture formats has not been fully determined. We surveyed sphere-forming capacity across 26 breast cell lines, immunophenotyped spheres from six luminal- and basal-like lines by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry and compared clonogenicity between sphere, adherent and matrigel culture formats using in vitro functional assays. Analyses revealed morphological and molecular intra- and inter-sphere heterogeneity, consistent with adherent parental cell line phenotypes. Flow cytometry showed sphere culture does not universally enrich for markers previously associated with stem cell phenotypes, although we found some cell-line specific changes between sphere and adherent formats. Sphere-forming efficiency was significantly lower than adherent or matrigel clonogenicity and constant over serial passage. Surprisingly, self-renewal capacity of sphere-derived cells was similar/lower than other culture formats. We observed significant correlation between long-term-proliferating-cell symmetric division rates in sphere and adherent cultures, suggesting functional overlap between the compartments sustaining them. Experiments with normal primary human mammary epithelia, including sorted luminal (MUC1+) and basal/myoepithelial (CD10+) cells revealed distinct luminal-like, basal-like and mesenchymal entities amongst primary mammospheres. Morphological and colony-forming-cell assay data suggested mammosphere culture may enrich for a luminal progenitor phenotype, or induce reversion/relaxation of the basal/mesenchymal in vitro selection occurring with adherent culture. Overall, cell line tumourspheres and primary mammospheres are not homogenous entities enriched for stem cells, suggesting a more cautious approach to interpreting data from these assays and careful consideration of its limitations. Sphere culture may represent an alternative 3-dimensional culture system which rather than universally ‘enriching’ for stem cells, has utility as one of a suite of functional assays that provide a read-out of progenitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel E Smart
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Yan SX, Luo XM, Zhou SH, Bao YY, Fan J, Lu ZJ, Liao XB, Huang YP, Wu TT, Wang QY. Effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides glucose transporter-1 on enhancement of radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1375-86. [PMID: 23983599 PMCID: PMC3753417 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngeal carcinomas always resist to radiotherapy. Hypoxia is an important factor in radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) is considered to be a possible intrinsic marker of hypoxia in malignant tumors. We speculated that the inhibition of GLUT-1 expression might improve the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS We assessed the effect of GLUT-1 expression on radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma and the effect of GLUT-1 expressions by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) on the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS After transfection of GLUT-1 AS-ODNs: MTS assay showed the survival rates of radiation groups were reduced with the prolongation of culture time (p<0.05); Cell survival rates were significantly reduced along with the increasing of radiation dose (p<0.05). There was significant difference in the expression of GLUT-1mRNA and protein in the same X-ray dose between before and after X-ray radiation (p<0.05). In vivo, the expressions of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein after 8Gy radiation plus transfection of GLUT-1 AS-ODNs were significant decreased compared to 8Gy radiation alone (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma may be associated with increased expression of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein. GLUT-1 AS-ODNs may enhance the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma mainly by inhibiting the expression of GLUT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
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21
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Lee E, Hong Y, Choi J, Haam S, Suh JS, Huh YM, Yang J. Highly selective CD44-specific gold nanorods for photothermal ablation of tumorigenic subpopulations generated in MCF7 mammospheres. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:465101. [PMID: 23093111 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/46/465101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous stem-like populations within tumor tissues are the primary suspects in causing cancer recurrence and malignancy. It is essential to selectively kill these tumorigenic populations. We created a novel system for photothermally ablating specific cells from three-dimensional mammospheres. A CD44-positive subpopulation, with tumorigenic and self-renewal potential, spontaneously arises in MCF7 breast cancer cell-engineered mammospheres. Using anti-CD44 antibody-linked gold nanorods, which strongly absorb near infrared light and increase local temperature, we effectively targeted and photo-ablated atypical cells. This biomarker-specific photothermal ablation model, using a smart nanoplatform, is a promising new strategy for selectively killing cancer cells, while sparing normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lee
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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22
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Chen Y, Yu D, Zhang H, He H, Zhang C, Zhao W, Shao RG. CD133(+)EpCAM(+) phenotype possesses more characteristics of tumor initiating cells in hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:992-1004. [PMID: 22904667 PMCID: PMC3421230 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: EpCAM or CD133 has been used as the tumor initiating cells (TICs) marker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated whether cells expressing with both EpCAM and CD133 surface marker were more representative for TICs in hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells. Methods: Four different phenotypes of CD133+EpCAM+, CD133+EpCAM-, CD133-EpCAM+ and CD133-EpCAM- in Huh7 cells were sorted by flow cytometry. Then cell differentiation, self-renewal, drug-resistance, spheroid formation and the levels of stem cell-related genes were detected to compare the characteristics of TICs. The ability of tumorigenicity was measured in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice to verify TICs. Results: CD133+EpCAM+ cells have many characteristics of TICs in Huh7 cells compared with CD133+EpCAM-, CD133-EpCAM+, CD133-EpCAM- cells, including enrichment in side population cells, higher differentiation capacity, increased colony-formation ability, preferential expression of stem cell-related genes, appearance of drug-resistant to some chemotherapeutics, more spheroid formation of culture cells and stronger tumorigenicity in NOD/SCID mice. Conclusion: CD133+EpCAM+ phenotype is precisely represented TICs in Huh7 cells. It might be useful for studying biology mechanism of TICs in hepatocellular carcinoma and screening new targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
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23
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Chen Y, Yu D, Zhang H, He H, Zhang C, Zhao W, Shao RG. CD133(+)EpCAM(+) phenotype possesses more characteristics of tumor initiating cells in hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells. Int J Biol Sci 2012. [PMID: 22904667 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4454ijbsv08p0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EpCAM or CD133 has been used as the tumor initiating cells (TICs) marker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated whether cells expressing with both EpCAM and CD133 surface marker were more representative for TICs in hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells. METHODS Four different phenotypes of CD133(+)EpCAM(+), CD133(+)EpCAM(-), CD133(-)EpCAM(+) and CD133(-)EpCAM(-) in Huh7 cells were sorted by flow cytometry. Then cell differentiation, self-renewal, drug-resistance, spheroid formation and the levels of stem cell-related genes were detected to compare the characteristics of TICs. The ability of tumorigenicity was measured in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice to verify TICs. RESULTS CD133(+)EpCAM(+) cells have many characteristics of TICs in Huh7 cells compared with CD133(+)EpCAM(-), CD133(-)EpCAM(+), CD133(-)EpCAM(-) cells, including enrichment in side population cells, higher differentiation capacity, increased colony-formation ability, preferential expression of stem cell-related genes, appearance of drug-resistant to some chemotherapeutics, more spheroid formation of culture cells and stronger tumorigenicity in NOD/SCID mice. CONCLUSION CD133(+)EpCAM(+) phenotype is precisely represented TICs in Huh7 cells. It might be useful for studying biology mechanism of TICs in hepatocellular carcinoma and screening new targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
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