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Shan Y, Teng Y, Guan C, Mao Z, Lu C, Ding W, Zhang J. Combined ultrasound endoscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration with DNA methylation of SHOX2 and RASSF1A genes to enhance the auxiliary diagnostic precision of pancreatic cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34028. [PMID: 39071574 PMCID: PMC11282983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence and the clinical effectiveness of the short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) and ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) genes by tissue sampling through ultrasound endoscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) as auxiliary diagnostic tools for pancreatic cancer (PC). Methylation markers were detected in 96 patients using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the performance of this diagnostic assay was compared with CA19-9, CEA, and puncture fluid-based exfoliative cytology using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The PC group exhibited higher methylation rates for SHOX2, RASSF1A, and the combined assay of both genes compared to the control group (95.7 % vs. 54.0 %, 78.3 % vs. 36.0 %, and 73.9 % vs. 16.0 %, P < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for CA19-9, CEA, liquid-based exfoliative cytology, SHOX2, RASSF1A, the combination of SHOX2 and RASSF1A, the combination assay with CEA, CA19-9, and liquid-based exfoliative cytology were 0.827, 0.692, 0.767, 0.770, 0.732, 0.870, 0.870, 0.933, and 0.900, respectively. Therefore, the methylation assay based on the combined SHOX2 and RASSF1A genes in EUS-FNA puncture fluid is more effective than using a single gene, liquid-based exfoliative cytology, or intravenous tumor markers for diagnosing PC. Combining the conventional marker CA19-9 enhances the diagnostic value, making it a promising approach to complement histology and cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
- Department of General Practice, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226006, PR China
| | - Ying Teng
- Department of General Practice Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Chengqi Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Zhenbiao Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Cuihua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Weifeng Ding
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
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Wang Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Li B, Liang J, Chen Y, Tang B, Yu S, Wang H. KDM5B promotes SMAD4 loss-driven drug resistance through activating DLG1/YAP to induce lipid accumulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:252. [PMID: 38789418 PMCID: PMC11126577 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inactivated suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 4 significantly affects cancer development in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the contribution of smad4 loss to drug resistance in PDAC is largely undetermined. In the present study, we reported that the loss of SMAD4 endows PDAC cells the ability to drug resistance through upregulating histone lysine demethylase, Lysine-Specific Demethylase 5B (KDM5B, also known as JARID1B or PLU1). Upregulated KDM5B was found in PDAC, associated with poor prognosis and recurrence of PDAC patients. Upregulated KDM5B promotes PDAC tumor malignancy, i.e. cancer cells stemness and drug resistance in vitro and in vivo, while KDM5B knockout exerts opposite effects. Mechanistically, loss of Smad4-mediated upregulation of KDM5B promotes drug resistance through inhibiting the discs-large homolog 1 (DLG1), thereby facilitating nuclear translocation of YAP to induce de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, m6A demethylase FTO is involved in the upregulation of KDM5B by maintaining KDM5B mRNA stability. Collectively, the present study suggested FTO-mediated KDM5B stabilization in the context of loss of Smad4 activate DLG1/YAP1 pathway to promote tumorigenesis by reprogramming lipid accumulation in PDAC. Our study confirmed that the KDM5B-DLG1-YAP1 pathway axis plays a crucial role in the genesis and progression of PDAC, and KDM5B was expected to become a target for the treatment of PDAC. The schematic diagram of KDM5B-DLG1-YAP pathway axis in regulating drug resistance of PDAC to gemcitabine (GEM). In the context of SMAD4 loss PDAC cells, FTO-mediated stabilization and upregulation of KDM5B promotes drug resistance through directly targeting DLG1 to promote YAP1 translocation to nucleus to induce de novo lipogenesis (DNL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Pharmaceutical College Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shiqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research & Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Baibei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
- Pharmaceutical College Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
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Saleh O, Shihadeh H, Yousef A, Erekat H, Abdallh F, Al-Leimon A, Elsalhy R, Altiti A, Dajani M, AlBarakat MM. The Effect of Intratumor Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Treatment. Pancreas 2024; 53:e450-e465. [PMID: 38728212 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Even though many substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms were made, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Even more, no standard classification system for pancreatic cancer is based on cellular biomarkers. This review will discuss and provide updates about the role of stem cells in the progression of PC, the genetic changes associated with it, and the promising biomarkers for diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search process used PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases to identify the relevant and related articles. Articles had to be published in English to be considered. RESULTS The increasing number of studies in recent years has revealed that the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts is far greater than previously acknowledged, which highlights the need for further research to better understand the various cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations. Despite the huge diversity in pancreatic cancer, some common features can be noted to be shared among patients. Mutations involving CDKN2, P53, and K-RAS can be seen in a big number of patients, for example. Similarly, some patterns of genes and biomarkers expression and the level of their expression can help in predicting cancer behavior such as metastasis and drug resistance. The current trend in cancer research, especially with the advancement in technology, is to sequence everything in hopes of finding disease-related mutations. CONCLUSION Optimizing pancreatic cancer treatment requires clear classification, understanding CAF roles, and exploring stroma reshaping approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Saleh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | - Hana Erekat
- School of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman
| | - Fatima Abdallh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | | | - Majd Dajani
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | - Majd M AlBarakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Wright CA, Gordon ER, Cooper SJ. Genomic analysis reveals HDAC1 regulates clinically relevant transcriptional programs in Pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1137. [PMID: 37996815 PMCID: PMC10666341 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies are needed to combat multidrug resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We applied genomic approaches to understand mechanisms of resistance in order to better inform treatment and precision medicine. Altered function of chromatin remodeling complexes contribute to chemoresistance. Our study generates and analyzes genomic and biochemical data from PDAC cells overexpressing HDAC1, a histone deacetylase involved in several chromatin remodeling complexes. We characterized the impact of overexpression on drug response, gene expression, HDAC1 binding, and chromatin structure using RNA-sequencing and ChIP-sequencing for HDAC1 and H3K27 acetylation. Integrative genomic analysis shows that HDAC1 overexpression promotes activation of key resistance pathways including epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell cycle, and apoptosis through global chromatin remodeling. Target genes are similarly altered in patient tissues and show correlation with patient survival. We also demonstrate that direct targets of HDAC1 that also show altered chromatin are enriched near genes associated with altered GTPase activity. HDAC1 target genes identified using in vitro methods and observed in patient tissues were used to develop a clinically relevant nine-transcript signature associated with patient prognosis. Integration of multiple genomic and biochemical data types enables understanding of multidrug resistance and tumorigenesis in PDAC, a disease in desperate need of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter A Wright
- The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Emily R Gordon
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Sara J Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
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Mi J, Luo J, Zeng H, Zhang H, Jamil M, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Zakri AM, Alfuraydi AA, Zhang N, Xiao M. Elucidating cuproptosis-related gene SLC31A1 diagnostic and prognostic values in cancer. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:6026-6041. [PMID: 37969191 PMCID: PMC10641336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer remains a global health challenge, necessitating the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cuproptosis, a recently recognized form of cell death linked to copper metabolism, presents a promising avenue for anticancer strategies. We investigated the clinical significance of SLC31A1, a key regulator of cuproptosis, in multiple cancer types, aiming to elucidate its potential as a diagnostic biomarker, prognostic, indicator and therapeutic target. METHODS We conducted a pan-cancer analysis through TIMER2.0, evaluating SLC31A1 expression across multiple cancer types. Survival analysis was performed using KM plotter. Expression validation was carried out using UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Methylation analysis was conducted with the help of ULACAN and OncoDB. Mutational analysis was performed using cBioPortal database. Immune infiltration analysis via the TIMER2.0 and gene enrichment analysis via the Metascape were performed to gain insights into the potential mechanisms underlying SLC31A1's role in cancer. Finally, Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to confirm SLC31A1 expression in clinical samples. RESULTS Out of analyzed cancer, SLC31A1 exhibited significant up-regulation and correlation with worse overall survival (OS) across Breast Cancer (BRCA), Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CESC), Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSC), and Esophageal Carcinoma (ESCA). Mutational and promoter methylation analyses further revealed that hypomethylation is the major cause of SLC31A1 overexpression among BRCA, CESC, HNSC, and ESCA. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant associations between SLC31A1 expression and the presence of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Gene enrichment analysis provided valuable insights into potential molecular pathways in context to BRCA, CESC, HNSC, and ESCA. Furthermore, when SLC31A1 was analyzed using clinical samples through RT-qPCR, this gene showed promising diagnostic potential, reflected by high Area Under the Curve (AUC) values. CONCLUSION Our pan-cancer study highlights the up-regulation of SLC31A1 and its correlation with worse OS in BRCA, CESC, HNSC, and ESCA. In sum, outcomes of this study showed that SLC31A1 could be a potential biomarker and novel therapeutic target of BRCA, CESC, HNSC, and ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoping Mi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Juncong Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huanwen Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- PARC Arid Zone Research CenterDera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M Zakri
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram A Alfuraydi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ning Zhang
- Internal Medicine Oncology, Minhang Brunch Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Mei Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000, Guangdong, PR China
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Fraunhoffer NA, Moreno Vega AI, Abuelafia AM, Morvan M, Lebarbier E, Mary-Huard T, Zimmermann MT, Lomberk G, Urrutia R, Dusetti N, Blum Y, Nicolle R, Iovanna J. Priming therapy by targeting enhancer-initiated pathways in patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104602. [PMID: 37148583 PMCID: PMC10189188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systems biology leveraging multi-OMICs technologies, is rapidly advancing development of precision therapies and matching patients to targeted therapies, leading to improved responses. A new pillar of precision oncology lies in the power of chemogenomics to discover drugs that sensitizes malignant cells to other therapies. Here, we test a chemogenomic approach using epigenomic inhibitors (epidrugs) to reset patterns of gene expression driving the malignant behavior of pancreatic tumors. METHODS We tested a targeted library of ten epidrugs targeting regulators of enhancers and super-enhancers on reprogramming gene expression networks in seventeen patient-derived primary pancreatic cancer cell cultures (PDPCCs), of both basal and classical subtypes. We subsequently evaluated the ability of these epidrugs to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to five chemotherapeutic drugs that are clinically used for this malignancy. FINDINGS To comprehend the impact of epidrug priming at the molecular level, we evaluated the effect of each epidrugs at the transcriptomic level of PDPCCs. The activating epidrugs showed a higher number of upregulated genes than the repressive epidrugs (χ2 test p-value <0.01). Furthermore, we developed a classifier using the baseline transcriptome of epidrug-primed-chemosensitized PDPCCs to predict the best epidrug-priming regime to a given chemotherapy. Six signatures with a significant association with the chemosensitization centroid (R ≤ -0.80; p-value < 0.01) were identified and validated in a subset of PDPCCs. INTERPRETATION We conclude that targeting enhancer-initiated pathways in patient-derived primary cells, represents a promising approach for developing new therapies for human pancreatic cancer. FUNDING This work was supported by INCa (Grants number 2018-078 to ND and 2018- 079 to JI), Canceropole PACA (ND), Amidex Foundation (ND), and INSERM (JI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Fraunhoffer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aura I Moreno Vega
- Tumour Identity Card Program (CIT), French League Against Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Analía Meilerman Abuelafia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Morvan
- Laboratoire Modal'X - UMR 9023, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Emilie Lebarbier
- Laboratoire Modal'X - UMR 9023, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France; Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Tristan Mary-Huard
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Yuna Blum
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Remy Nicolle
- Tumour Identity Card Program (CIT), French League Against Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Cruce, Florencio Varela, BA, Argentina; University Arturo Jauretche, Florencio Varela, BA, Argentina.
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Chen Y, Shen X, Tang Y, Weng Y, Yang W, Liu M, Xu D, Shi J, Yang X, Yu F, Xu J, Zhang Z, Lu P, Sun Y, Xue J, Niu N. The diverse pancreatic tumor cell-intrinsic response to IFNγ is determined by epigenetic heterogeneity. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216153. [PMID: 37023939 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
IFNγ signaling is mainly mediated through the activation of the canonical JAK-STAT signaling pathway, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. The activation of IFNγ signaling pathway may provide a novel option for tumor immunotherapy, but the outcomes remain controversial. In fact, recent studies suggest that the resistance to IFNγ-dependent immunotherapies is commonly derived from the tumor cell-intrinsic heterogeneity, the molecular mechanism of which remains elusive. Therefore, elucidating the tumor cell-intrinsic heterogeneity in response to IFNγ would be beneficial to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we first delineated the epigenetic redistribution and transcriptome alteration in response to IFNγ stimulation, and demonstrated that ectopic gain of H3K4me3 and H3K27Ac at the promoter region mainly contributed to the enhancement of IFNγ-mediated transcriptional activity of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, we found that the cellular heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in response to IFNγ was mainly attributed to cell-intrinsic H3K27me3 levels. Enhancement of H3K27me3 by GSK-J4 limited PD-L1hi tumor growth by salvaging the intratumoral cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, which may provide therapeutic strategies to overcome immune escape and resistance to IFNγ-based immunotherapies in pancreatic cancer.
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Gao F, Wang D, Liu X, Wu YH, Wang HT, Sun SL. Sodium channel 1 subunit alpha SCNN1A exerts oncogenic function in pancreatic cancer via accelerating cellular growth and metastasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109323. [PMID: 35714697 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers might be helpful to understand molecular mechanism of cancer pathogenesis and develop anti-cancer targets. This study reported the alteration of Sodium channel 1 subunit alpha (SCNN1A) expression, its prognostic significance and biological roles in pancreatic cancer. Bioinformatics database was searched to explore the expression of SCNN1A in pancreatic cancer specimens and analysis results were further validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. The correlation between SCNN1A expression and clinicopathological characteristics and its impact on survival outcome of pancreatic cancer patients were investigated using GEPIA database and Kaplan-Meier plotter. Loss- and gain-of-functional experiments in vitro were done to investigate the biological function of SCNN1A in pancreatic cancer. Bioinformatics analysis and validation experiment showed that SCNN1A was frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer specimens and cell lines (P < 0.001), and there were significant relevance between high SCNN1A expression and TP53 mutation (P < 0.05) as well as unfavorable prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients (HR for overall survival: 1.9, P = 0.003 and HR for disease-free survival: 1.7, P = 0.014). The silencing of SCNN1A suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis (P < 0.05), while its overexpression promoted aggressive phenotypes of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro (P < 0.05). SCNN1A possessed oncogenic function and its dysregulation could be implicated in the development and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Yun-Hao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Huai-Tao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Shao-Long Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
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The Class I HDAC Inhibitor Valproic Acid Strongly Potentiates Gemcitabine Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer by Immune System Activation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030517. [PMID: 35327319 PMCID: PMC8945828 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer is often impaired due to limited intracellular uptake and metabolic activation. Epi-drugs target gene expression patterns and represent a promising approach to reverse chemoresistance. In this study, we investigate the chemosensitizing effect of different epi-drugs when combined with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Mouse KPC3 cells were used for all experiments. Five different epi-drugs were selected for combination therapy: 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, hydralazine, mocetinostat, panobinostat, and valproic acid (VPA). Treatment effects were determined by cell proliferation and colony forming assays. Expression of genes were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. The most promising epi-drug for combination therapy was studied in immune competent mice. Intratumor changes were defined using NanoString PanCancer panel IO360. Results: All epi-drugs, except hydralazine, potentiated the gemcitabine response in KPC3 cells (range decrease IC50 value 1.7−2-fold; p < 0.001). On colony formation, the cytotoxic effect of 0.5 ng/mL gemcitabine was 1.4 to 6.3 times stronger (p < 0.01). Two out of three drug-transporter genes were strongly upregulated following epi-drug treatment (a range fold increase of 17−124 and 9−60 for Slc28a1 and Slc28a3, respectively; all p < 0.001). VPA combined with gemcitabine significantly reduced tumor size with 74% compared to vehicle-treated mice and upregulated expression of immune-related pathways (range pathway score 0.86−1.3). Conclusions: These results provide a strong rationale for combining gemcitabine with VPA treatment. For the first time, we present intratumor changes and show activation of the immune system. Clinical trials are warranted to assess efficacy and safety of this novel combination in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Xiang XS, Li PC, Wang WQ, Liu L. Histone deacetylases: A novel class of therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188676. [PMID: 35016922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a low 5-year survival rate. Novel agents are urgently necessary to treat the main pathological type, known as pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). The dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been identified in association with PDAC, which can be more easily targeted by small molecular inhibitors than gene mutations and may represent a therapeutic breakthrough for PDAC. However, the contributions of HDACs to PDAC remain controversial, and pharmacokinetic challenges have limited the application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) in PDAC. This review summarizes the mechanisms associated with success and failure of HDACis in PDAC and discusses the recent progress made in HDACi development and application, such as combination therapies designed to enhance efficacy. More precise strategies involving HDACis might eventually improve the outcomes of PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Leal AS, Liu P, Krieger-Burke T, Ruggeri B, Liby KT. The Bromodomain Inhibitor, INCB057643, Targets Both Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment in Two Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010096. [PMID: 33396954 PMCID: PMC7794921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer remains a highly lethal disease, with only ~10% of patients still alive five years after diagnosis, as most patients already have advanced, metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, new treatments are needed for these patients. We tested INCB057643, a novel bromodomain inhibitor, in a relevant mouse model of pancreatic cancer, and this compound improves survival and reduces metastasis. Pancreatic cancers are very dense, as the stroma within the tumor can account for up to 90% of the tumor mass and is responsible for the failure of many drugs. INCB057643 modulates the immune cells within the tumor so they can attack and kill tumor cells. INCB057643 also alters immune cells within the pancreas in a mouse model of pancreatitis, which is inflammation of the pancreas that can promote the development of pancreatic cancer. Abstract In pancreatic cancer the tumor microenvironment (TME) can account for up to 90% of the tumor mass. The TME drives essential functions in disease progression, invasion and metastasis. Tumor cells can use epigenetic modulation to evade immune recognition and shape the TME toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. Bromodomain inhibitors are a class of drugs that target BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) proteins, impairing their ability to bind to acetylated lysines and therefore interfering with transcriptional initiation and elongation. INCB057643 is a new generation, orally bioavailable BET inhibitor that was developed for treating patients with advanced malignancies. KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mice mimic human disease, with similar progression and incidence of metastasis. Treatment of established tumors in KPC mice with INCB057643 increased survival by an average of 55 days, compared to the control group. Moreover, INCB057643 reduced metastatic burden in these mice. KPC mice treated with INCB057643, starting at 4 weeks of age, showed beneficial changes in immune cell populations in the pancreas and liver. Similarly, INCB057643 modified immune cell populations in the pancreas of KrasG12D/+; Pdx-1-Cre (KC) mice with pancreatitis, an inflammatory process known to promote pancreatic cancer progression. The data presented here suggest that the bromodomain inhibitor INCB057643 modulates the TME, reducing disease burden in two mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, this work suggests that BRD4 may play a role in establishing the TME in the liver, a primary metastatic site for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Leal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (T.K.-B.)
| | - Phillip Liu
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (P.L.); (B.R.)
| | - Teresa Krieger-Burke
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (T.K.-B.)
| | - Bruce Ruggeri
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (P.L.); (B.R.)
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (T.K.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-517-884-8955; Fax: +1-517-353-8915
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12
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Parachini-Winter C, Bracha S, Ramsey SA, Yang L, Ho E, Leeper HJ, Curran KM. Prospective evaluation of the lymph node proteome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma supplemented with sulforaphane. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2036-2047. [PMID: 32926463 PMCID: PMC7517837 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphoma (LSA) is a common malignancy in dogs. Epigenetic changes are linked to LSA pathogenesis and poor prognosis in humans, and LSA pathogenesis in dogs. Sulforaphane (SFN), an epigenetic‐targeting compound, has recently gained interest in relation to cancer prevention and therapy. Objective Examine the impact of oral supplementation with SFN on the lymph node proteome of dogs with multicentric LSA. Animals Seven client‐owned dogs with multicentric LSA. Methods Prospective, nonrandomized, noncontrolled study in treatment‐naïve dogs with intermediate or large cell multicentric LSA. Lymph node cell aspirates were obtained before and after 7 days of oral supplementation with SFN, and analyzed via label‐free mass spectrometry, immunoblots, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Results There was no clinical response and no adverse events attributed to SFN. For individual dogs, the expression of up to 650 proteins changed by at least 2‐fold (range, 2‐100) after supplementation with SFN. When all dogs where analyzed together, 14 proteins were significantly downregulated, and 10 proteins were significantly upregulated after supplementation with SFN (P < .05). Proteins and gene sets impacted by SFN were commonly involved in immunity, response to oxidative stress, gene transcription, apoptosis, protein transport, maturation and ubiquitination. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Sulforaphane is associated with major changes in the proteome of neoplastic lymphocytes in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Parachini-Winter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute and College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Haley J Leeper
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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13
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Ciernikova S, Earl J, García Bermejo ML, Stevurkova V, Carrato A, Smolkova B. Epigenetic Landscape in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: On the Way to Overcoming Drug Resistance? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114091. [PMID: 32521716 PMCID: PMC7311973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies due to the rapid rate of metastasis and high resistance to currently applied cancer therapies. The complex mechanism underlying the development and progression of PDAC includes interactions between genomic, epigenomic, and signaling pathway alterations. In this review, we summarize the current research findings on the deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms in PDAC and the influence of the epigenome on the dynamics of the gene expression changes underlying epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is responsible for the invasive phenotype of cancer cells and, therefore, their metastatic potential. More importantly, we provide an overview of the studies that uncover potentially actionable pathways. These studies provide a scientific basis to test epigenetic drug efficacy in synergy with other anticancer therapies in future clinical trials, in order to reverse acquired therapy resistance. Thus, epigenomics has the potential to generate relevant new knowledge of both a biological and clinical impact. Moreover, the potential, hurdles, and challenges of predictive biomarker discoveries will be discussed, with a special focus on the promise of liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-3229-5198
| | - Julie Earl
- Molecular Epidemiology and Predictive Tumor Markers Group, Medical Oncology Research Laboratory, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Km 9100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.); (A.C.)
| | - María Laura García Bermejo
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Group, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Km 9100, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Viola Stevurkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Molecular Epidemiology and Predictive Tumor Markers Group, Medical Oncology Research Laboratory, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Km 9100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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14
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Ding J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Fan B, Li Q, Zhang J, Zhang J. Identification of key lncRNAs in the tumorigenesis of intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasm by coexpression network analysis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3840-3851. [PMID: 32239802 PMCID: PMC7286472 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is an intraepithelial precancerous lesion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that progresses from adenoma to carcinoma, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) might be involved in the tumorigenesis. In this study, we obtained the expression profiles of more than 4000 lncRNAs by probe reannotation of a microarray dataset. As a correlation network‐based systems biology method, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to find clusters of highly correlated lncRNAs in the tumorigenesis of IPMN, which covered four stepwise stages from normal main pancreatic duct to invasive IPMN. In the most relevant module (R2 = −0.75 and P = 5E‐05), three hub lncRNAs were identified (HAND2‐AS1, CTD‐2033D15.2, and lncRNA‐TFG). HAND2‐AS1 and CTD‐2033D15.2 were negatively correlated with the tumorigenesis (P in one‐way ANOVA test = 1.45E‐07 and 1.39E‐0.5), while lncRNA‐TFG were positively correlated with the tumorigenesis (P = 3.99E‐08). The validation set reached consistent results (P = 2.66E‐03 in HAND2‐AS1, 1.47E‐04 in CTD‐2033D15.2 and 6.23E‐08 in lncRNA‐TFG). In functional enrichment analysis, the target genes of microRNAs targeting also these lncRNAs were overlapped in multiple biological processes, pathways and malignant diseases including pancreatic cancer. In survival analysis, patients with higher expression of HAND2‐AS1‐targeted and CTD‐2033D15.2‐targeted microRNAs showed a significantly poorer prognosis in PDAC, while high expression of lncRNA‐TFG‐targeted microRNAs demonstrated an obviously better prognosis (log‐rank P < .05). In conclusion, by coexpression network analysis of the lncRNA profiles, three key lncRNAs were identified in association with the tumorigenesis of IPMN, and those lncRNAs might act as early diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous PrefectureEnshiChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous PrefectureEnshiChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous PrefectureEnshiChina
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous PrefectureEnshiChina
| | - Qinghe Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous PrefectureEnshiChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous PrefectureEnshiChina
| | - Jiayao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous PrefectureEnshiChina
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15
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Citron F, Fabris L. Targeting Epigenetic Dependencies in Solid Tumors: Evolutionary Landscape Beyond Germ Layers Origin. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030682. [PMID: 32183227 PMCID: PMC7140038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive efforts recently witnessed the complexity of cancer biology; however, molecular medicine still lacks the ability to elucidate hidden mechanisms for the maintenance of specific subclasses of rare tumors characterized by the silent onset and a poor prognosis (e.g., ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and glioblastoma). Recent mutational fingerprints of human cancers highlighted genomic alteration occurring on epigenetic modulators. In this scenario, the epigenome dependency of cancer orchestrates a broad range of cellular processes critical for tumorigenesis and tumor progression, possibly mediating escaping mechanisms leading to drug resistance. Indeed, in this review, we discuss the pivotal role of chromatin remodeling in shaping the tumor architecture and modulating tumor fitness in a microenvironment-dependent context. We will also present recent advances in the epigenome targeting, posing a particular emphasis on how this knowledge could be translated into a feasible therapeutic approach to individualize clinical settings and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Citron
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Linda Fabris
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-563-5635
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16
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He S, Dong G, Li Y, Wu S, Wang W, Sheng C. Potent Dual BET/HDAC Inhibitors for Efficient Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3028-3032. [PMID: 31943585 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most aggressive and lethal human malignancies with extremely poor prognosis, there is an urgent demand of more effective therapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Reported here is a new, effective therapeutic strategy and the design of small-molecule inhibitors that simultaneously target bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), potentially serving as promising therapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer. A highly potent dual inhibitor (13 a) is identified to possess excellent and balanced activities against BRD4 BD1 (IC50 =11 nm) and HDAC1 (IC50 =21 nm). Notably, this compound shows higher in vitro and in vivo antitumor potency than the BET inhibitor (+)-JQ1 and the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat, either alone or and in combination, highlighting the advantages of BET/HDAC dual inhibitors for more effective treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng He
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shanchao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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17
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He S, Dong G, Li Y, Wu S, Wang W, Sheng C. Potent Dual BET/HDAC Inhibitors for Efficient Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng He
- School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 China
- School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Shanchao Wu
- School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this manuscript is to review the current literature related to fibrogenesis in the pancreatobiliary system and how this process contributes to pancreatic and biliary diseases. In particular, we seek to define the current state of knowledge regarding the epigenetic mechanisms that govern and regulate tissue fibrosis in these organs. A better understanding of these underlying molecular events will set the stage for future epigenetic therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS We highlight the significant advances that have been made in defining the pathogenesis of pancreatobiliary fibrosis as it relates to chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and the fibro-obliterative cholangiopathies. We also review the cell types involved as well as concepts related to epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk. Furthermore, we outline important signaling pathways (e.g., TGFβ) and diverse epigenetic processes (i.e., DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, histone modifications, and 3D chromatin remodeling) that regulate fibrogenic gene networks in these conditions. We review a growing body of scientific evidence linking epigenetic regulatory events to fibrotic disease states in the pancreas and biliary system. Advances in this understudied area will be critical toward developing epigenetic pharmacological approaches that may lead to more effective treatments for these devastating and difficult to treat disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Obaidullah Aseem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, FL, USA
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Robert C Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, FL, USA.
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
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19
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UHRF1 promotes aerobic glycolysis and proliferation via suppression of SIRT4 in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:226-236. [PMID: 30905812 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UHRF1 (ubiquitin like with plant homeodomain and ring finger domains 1) is an epigenetic modifier that is overexpressed in some cancers, including pancreatic cancer, and mediates silencing of tumor suppressor genes. However, the role of UHRF1 in regulating pancreatic cancer metabolism and metastasis is not clear. In the present study, we demonstrated that silencing UHRF1 significantly inhibited aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that UHRF1 knockdown decreased hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α levels and HIF1α targeted glycolytic genes. The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset analysis supported this observation. The Sirtuin (SIRT) family members regulate aerobic glycolysis in many cancers. We analyzed the correlation between UHRF1 and SIRT3-5 expression and found a significant negative correlation between UHRF1 and SIRT4. Further transcriptional and functional analysis demonstrates that SIRT4 is a downstream target of UHRF1 and negatively regulated aerobic glycolysis, cell proliferation and tumor growth. Our study identified a novel UHRF1/SIRT4 axis in regulation of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, metabolism, and metastasis.
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20
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Carlos-Reyes Á, López-González JS, Meneses-Flores M, Gallardo-Rincón D, Ruíz-García E, Marchat LA, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Hernández de la Cruz ON, López-Camarillo C. Dietary Compounds as Epigenetic Modulating Agents in Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:79. [PMID: 30881375 PMCID: PMC6406035 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms control gene expression during normal development and their aberrant regulation may lead to human diseases including cancer. Natural phytochemicals can largely modulate mammalian epigenome through regulation of mechanisms and proteins responsible for chromatin remodeling. Phytochemicals are mainly contained in fruits, seeds, and vegetables as well as in foods supplements. These compounds act as powerful cellular antioxidants and anti-carcinogens agents. Several dietary compounds such as catechins, curcumin, genistein, quercetin and resveratrol, among others, exhibit potent anti-tumor activities through the reversion of epigenetic alterations associated to oncogenes activation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In this review, we summarized the actual knowledge about the role of dietary phytochemicals in the restoration of aberrant epigenetic alterations found in cancer cells with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications. Furthermore, we discussed the mechanisms by which these natural compounds modulate gene expression at epigenetic level and described their molecular targets in diverse types of cancer. Modulation of epigenetic activities by phytochemicals will allow the discovery of novel biomarkers for cancer prevention, and highlights its potential as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Sullivan López-González
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Meneses-Flores
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional en Cáncer y Terapia Celular, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Ding Y, Mullapudi B, Torres C, Mascariñas E, Mancinelli G, Diaz AM, McKinney R, Barron M, Schultz M, Heiferman M, Wojtanek M, Adrian K, DeCant B, Rao S, Ouellette M, Tsao MS, Bentrem DJ, Grippo PJ. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Early Pancreatic Carcinogenesis via Repression of the AKT Pathway. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091289. [PMID: 30213082 PMCID: PMC6163264 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a daunting foe despite a vast number of accumulating molecular analyses regarding the mutation and expression status of a variety of genes. Indeed, most pancreatic cancer cases uniformly present with a mutation in the KRAS allele leading to enhanced RAS activation. Yet our understanding of the many epigenetic/environmental factors contributing to disease incidence and progression is waning. Epidemiologic data suggest that diet may be a key factor in pancreatic cancer development and potentially a means of chemoprevention at earlier stages. While diets high in ω3 fatty acids are typically associated with tumor suppression, diets high in ω6 fatty acids have been linked to increased tumor development. Thus, to better understand the contribution of these polyunsaturated fatty acids to pancreatic carcinogenesis, we modeled early stage disease by targeting mutant KRAS to the exocrine pancreas and administered diets rich in these fatty acids to assess tumor formation and altered cell-signaling pathways. We discovered that, consistent with previous reports, the ω3-enriched diet led to reduced lesion penetrance via repression of proliferation associated with reduced phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), whereas the ω6-enriched diet accelerated tumor formation. These data provide a plausible mechanism underlying previously observed effects of fatty acids and suggest that administration of ω3 fatty acids can reduce the pro-survival, pro-growth functions of pAKT. Indeed, counseling subjects at risk to increase their intake of foods containing higher amounts of ω3 fatty acids could aid in the prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzeng Ding
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Bhargava Mullapudi
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Carolina Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Emman Mascariñas
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Georgina Mancinelli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Andrew M Diaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ronald McKinney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Morgan Barron
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Michelle Schultz
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Michael Heiferman
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Mireille Wojtanek
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Kevin Adrian
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Brian DeCant
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sambasiva Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Michel Ouellette
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - David J Bentrem
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Paradise BD, Barham W, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Targeting Epigenetic Aberrations in Pancreatic Cancer, a New Path to Improve Patient Outcomes? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050128. [PMID: 29710783 PMCID: PMC5977101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among all types of cancers. The disease is highly aggressive and typically diagnosed in late stage making it difficult to treat. Currently, the vast majority of therapeutic regimens have only modest curative effects, and most of them are in the surgical/neo-adjuvant setting. There is a great need for new and more effective treatment strategies in common clinical practice. Previously, pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer was attributed solely to genetic mutations; however, recent advancements in the field have demonstrated that aberrant activation of epigenetic pathways contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of the disease. The identification of these aberrant activated epigenetic pathways has revealed enticing targets for the use of epigenetic inhibitors to mitigate the phenotypic changes driven by these cascades. These pathways have been found to be responsible for overactivation of growth signaling pathways and silencing of tumor suppressors and other cell cycle checkpoints. Furthermore, new miRNA signatures have been uncovered in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, further widening the window for therapeutic opportunity. There has been success in preclinical settings using both epigenetic inhibitors as well as miRNAs to slow disease progression and eliminate diseased tissues. In addition to their utility as anti-proliferative agents, the pharmacological inhibitors that target epigenetic regulators (referred to here as readers, writers, and erasers for their ability to recognize, deposit, and remove post-translational modifications) have the potential to reconfigure the epigenetic landscape of diseased cells and disrupt the cancerous phenotype. The potential to “reprogram” cancer cells to revert them to a healthy state presents great promise and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Paradise
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Whitney Barham
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Martín E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Wang R, Shen J, Yang R, Wang WG, Yuan Y, Guo ZH. Association between heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:241-248. [PMID: 29599978 PMCID: PMC5867395 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the association between heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to cancer; however, results remain ambiguous. The present systematic Human Genome Epidemiology review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify this association. A systematic search was used to assess the association of HO-1 gene polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, with all reviewed studies published before April 10, 2017. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used to perform the meta-analysis. A total of 14 studies were included in the analysis. Overall, no significant associations of the HO-1 (GT)n and T(−413)A polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility were identified. However, subgroup analyses by ethnicity and cancer type indicated that the LL and L-allele (LL+LS) genotypes of HO-1 (GT)n were associated with increased susceptibility to cancer compared with the SS+SL and SS genotypes in the following subgroups: East Asian [LL+LS vs. SS: odds ratio (OR)=1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.11–2.05, P=0.0003; LL vs. SS+SL: OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.04–2.01, P=0.03; LL vs. SS: OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.07–2.52, P=0.02]; squamous cell carcinoma (LL+LS vs. SS: OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.35–2.34, P<0.05; LL vs. SS+SL: OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34–2.18, P<0.05; LL vs. SS: OR=2.26, 95% CI =1.62–3.14, P<0.05); and digestive tract cancer + East Asian (LL+LS vs. SS: OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.22–1.98, P<0.05; LL vs. SS: OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.06–3.05, P<0.05). These findings indicated that there was no association of the HO-1 (GT)n and T(−413)A polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility, while the L-allele genotypes (LL and LS) of HO-1 (GT)n may be susceptibility factors for cancer in East Asian, digestive tract cancer in East Asian and squamous cell carcinoma populations. Due to limitations of the reviewed studies, additional large-scale and refined studies are now required to confirm the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Guo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Hua Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite better knowledge of its genetic basis, pancreatic cancer is still highly lethal with very few therapeutic options. In this review, we discuss the potential impact of epigenetic therapies, focusing on lysine methylation signaling and its implication in pancreatic cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Protein lysine methylation, a key mechanism of posttranslational modifications of histone proteins, has emerged as a major cell signaling mechanism regulating physiologic and pathologic processes including cancer. This finely tuned and dynamic signaling mechanism is regulated by lysine methyltransferases (KMT), lysine demethylases (KDM) and signal transducers harboring methyl-binding domains. Recent evidence demonstrates that overexpression of cytoplasmic KMT and resulting enhanced lysine methylation is a reversible event that enhances oncogenic signaling through the Ras and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases pathway in pancreatic cancer, opening perspectives for new anticancer chemotherapeutics aimed at controlling these activities. SUMMARY The development of potent and specific inhibitors of lysine methylation signaling may represent a hitherto largely unexplored avenue for new forms of targeted therapy in cancer, with great potential for yet hard-to-treat cancers such as pancreatic cancer.
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Bombardo M, Saponara E, Malagola E, Chen R, Seleznik GM, Haumaitre C, Quilichini E, Zabel A, Reding T, Graf R, Sonda S. Class I histone deacetylase inhibition improves pancreatitis outcome by limiting leukocyte recruitment and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3865-3880. [PMID: 28832971 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pancreatitis is a common inflammation of the pancreas with rising incidence in many countries. Despite improvements in diagnostic techniques, the disease is associated with high risk of severe morbidity and mortality and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic interventions. In this study, we evaluated whether histone deacetylases (HDACs), key epigenetic regulators of gene transcription, are involved in the development of the disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We analysed HDAC regulation during cerulein-induced acute, chronic and autoimmune pancreatitis using different transgenic mouse models. The functional relevance of class I HDACs was tested with the selective inhibitor MS-275 in vivo upon pancreatitis induction and in vitro in activated macrophages and primary acinar cell explants. KEY RESULTS HDAC expression and activity were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner following induction of pancreatitis, with the highest abundance observed for class I HDACs. Class I HDAC inhibition did not prevent the initial acinar cell damage. However, it effectively reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including macrophages and T cells, in both acute and chronic phases of the disease, and directly disrupted macrophage activation. In addition, MS-275 treatment reduced DNA damage in acinar cells and limited acinar de-differentiation into acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in a cell-autonomous manner by impeding the EGF receptor signalling axis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results demonstrate that class I HDACs are critically involved in the development of acute and chronic forms of pancreatitis and suggest that blockade of class I HDAC isoforms is a promising target to improve the outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bombardo
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Saponara
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Chen
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gitta M Seleznik
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecile Haumaitre
- CNRS, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7622-IBPS, France INSERM U969, Paris, France
| | - Evans Quilichini
- CNRS, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7622-IBPS, France INSERM U969, Paris, France
| | - Anja Zabel
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Moschovis D, Gazouli M, Tzouvala M, Vezakis A, Karamanolis G. Long non-coding RNA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:622-628. [PMID: 29118556 PMCID: PMC5670281 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in non-coding regions of DNA has been increasing since the mapping of the human genome revealed that human DNA contains far fewer genes encoding proteins than previously expected. However, analysis of the derivatives of DNA transcription (transcriptomics) revealed that the majority of the genetic material is transcribed into non-coding RNA (ncRNA), indicating that these molecules probably provide the functional diversity and complexity of the physiology of the human body that cannot be attributed to the proteins. Of these ncRNA, long ncRNA (lncRNA) have a length greater than 200 nucleotides and share many common components with the coding messenger RNA (mRNA): They are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, comprised of multiple exons and subjected to normal RNA splicing giving RNA products of several kilobases. Scientific data reveal the regulatory role of lncRNA in the control of gene expression during cell development and homeostasis. However, to date, very few lncRNAs have been characterized in depth, and lncRNAs are thought to have a wide range of functions in cellular and developmental processes. These molecules will have the possibility to be used as biomarkers and contribute to the development of targeted therapies. Concerning pancreatic cancer, there are limited data in the literature that correlate the growth of these tumors with deregulation of various lncRNA. We herein review the literature regarding the role of lncRNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and possible therapeutic target in the neoplasms of the pancreas, particularly pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Moschovis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Agios Panteleimon General Hospital, Nikea (Dimitrios Moschovis, Maria Tzouvala), Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Maria Gazouli), Greece
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology, Agios Panteleimon General Hospital, Nikea (Dimitrios Moschovis, Maria Tzouvala), Greece
| | - Antonios Vezakis
- 2 Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Antonios Vezakis), Greece
| | - George Karamanolis
- Gastroenterology Unit, 2 Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (George Karamanolis), Greece
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28
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Leal AS, Williams CR, Royce DB, Pioli PA, Sporn MB, Liby KT. Bromodomain inhibitors, JQ1 and I-BET 762, as potential therapies for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 394:76-87. [PMID: 28254412 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain inhibitors (JQ1 and I-BET 762) are a new generation of selective, small molecule inhibitors that target BET (bromodomain and extra terminal) proteins. By impairing their ability to bind to acetylated lysines on histones, bromodomain inhibitors interfere with transcriptional initiation and elongation. BET proteins regulate several genes responsible for cell cycle, apoptosis and inflammation. In this study, JQ1 and I-BET 762 decreased c-Myc and p-Erk 1/2 protein levels and inhibited proliferation in pancreatic cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment is known to play an important role in pancreatic cancer, and these drugs suppressed the production of nitric oxide and a variety of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, CCL2, and GM-CSF, in both immune and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Notably, the bromodomain inhibitors also reduced protein levels of p-Erk 1/2 and p-STAT3 in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. All of these proteins are essential for tumor promotion, progression and metastasis. In conclusion, the bromodomain inhibitors JQ1 and I-BET 762 targeted and suppressed multiple pathways in pancreatic cancer. I-BET 762 and a number of other bromodomain inhibitors are currently being tested in several clinical trials, making them potentially promising drugs for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, an often-fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Leal
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Pharmacology, Hanover, NH, USA; Michigan State University, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Charlotte R Williams
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Pharmacology, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Darlene B Royce
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Pharmacology, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Patricia A Pioli
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Michael B Sporn
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Pharmacology, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Karen T Liby
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Pharmacology, Hanover, NH, USA; Michigan State University, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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29
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Han C, Shen JK, Hornicek FJ, Kan Q, Duan Z. Regulation of microRNA-1 (miR-1) expression in human cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1860:227-232. [PMID: 27923712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have been found to play important roles in tumorigenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance in cancer. Among a number of miRs, miR-1 was shown to be predominantly downregulated in almost all examined human cancers. As a tumor suppressor miR involved in post-transcriptional regulation of crucial tumor associated gene expression, miR-1 represents a promising target for anticancer therapy. Re-expression of miR-1 can suppress cancer cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and reverse drug resistance in cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, the regulatory mechanisms of miR-1 expression have been studied in various cancers in different model systems. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of miR-1 expression through epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation. These regulatory mechanisms of miR-1 expression could help us to understand the functions of altered miR-1 expression and provide valuable insights for further investigations into miR-1 based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Mody HR, Hung SW, AlSaggar M, Griffin J, Govindarajan R. Inhibition of S-Adenosylmethionine-Dependent Methyltransferase Attenuates TGFβ1-Induced EMT and Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer: Putative Roles of miR-663a and miR-4787-5p. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1124-1135. [PMID: 27624777 PMCID: PMC5107158 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The identification of epigenetic reversal agents for use in combination chemotherapies to treat human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) remains an unmet clinical need. Pharmacologic inhibitors of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) are emerging as potential histone methylation reversal agents for the treatment of various solid tumors and leukemia; however, the surprisingly small set of mRNA targets identified with EZH2 knockdown suggests novel mechanisms contribute to their antitumorigenic effects. Here, 3-deazaneplanocin-A (DZNep), an inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase and EZH2 histone lysine-N-methyltransferase, significantly reprograms noncoding microRNA (miRNA) expression and dampens TGFβ1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) signals in pancreatic cancer. In particular, miR-663a and miR-4787-5p were identified as PDAC-downregulated miRNAs that were reactivated by DZNep to directly target TGFβ1 for RNA interference. Lentiviral overexpression of miR-663a and miR-4787-5p reduced TGFβ1 synthesis and secretion in PDAC cells and partially phenocopied DZNep's EMT-resisting effects, whereas locked nucleic acid (LNA) antagomiRNAs counteracted them. DZNep, miR-663a, and miR-4787-5p reduced tumor burden in vivo and metastases in an orthotopic mouse pancreatic tumor model. Taken together, these findings suggest the epigenetic reprogramming of miRNAs by synthetic histone methylation reversal agents as a viable approach to attenuate TGFβ1-induced EMT features in human PDAC and uncover putative miRNA targets involved in the process. IMPLICATIONS The findings support the potential for synthetic histone methylation reversal agents to be included in future epigenetic-chemotherapeutic combination therapies for pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1124-35. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik R Mody
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sau Wai Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Mohammad AlSaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jazmine Griffin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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31
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Lomberk GA, Iovanna J, Urrutia R. The promise of epigenomic therapeutics in pancreatic cancer. Epigenomics 2016; 8:831-42. [PMID: 27337224 PMCID: PMC5066125 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2015-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often viewed to arise primarily by genetic alterations. However, today we know that many aspects of the cancer phenotype require a crosstalk among these genetic alterations with epigenetic changes. Indeed, aberrant gene expression patterns, driven by epigenetics are fixed by altered signaling from mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressors to define the PDAC phenotype. This conceptual framework may have significant mechanistic value and could offer novel possibilities for treating patients affected with PDAC. In fact, extensive investigations are leading to the development of small molecule drugs that reversibly modify the epigenome. These new ‘epigenetic therapeutics’ discussed herein are promising to fuel a new era of studies, by providing the medical community with new tools to treat this dismal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen A Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics & Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biophysics, & Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université & Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics & Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biophysics, & Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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32
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Zimmermann MT, Oberg AL, Grill DE, Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, Kennedy RB, Poland GA. System-Wide Associations between DNA-Methylation, Gene Expression, and Humoral Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152034. [PMID: 27031986 PMCID: PMC4816338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure to achieve a protected state after influenza vaccination is poorly understood but occurs commonly among aged populations experiencing greater immunosenescence. In order to better understand immune response in the elderly, we studied epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles and humoral immune response outcomes in 50-74 year old healthy participants. Associations between DNA methylation and gene expression reveal a system-wide regulation of immune-relevant functions, likely playing a role in regulating a participant's propensity to respond to vaccination. Our findings show that sites of methylation regulation associated with humoral response to vaccination impact known cellular differentiation signaling and antigen presentation pathways. We performed our analysis using per-site and regionally average methylation levels, in addition to continuous or dichotomized outcome measures. The genes and molecular functions implicated by each analysis were compared, highlighting different aspects of the biologic mechanisms of immune response affected by differential methylation. Both cis-acting (within the gene or promoter) and trans-acting (enhancers and transcription factor binding sites) sites show significant associations with measures of humoral immunity. Specifically, we identified a group of CpGs that, when coordinately hypo-methylated, are associated with lower humoral immune response, and methylated with higher response. Additionally, CpGs that individually predict humoral immune responses are enriched for polycomb-group and FOXP2 transcription factor binding sites. The most robust associations implicate differential methylation affecting gene expression levels of genes with known roles in immunity (e.g. HLA-B and HLA-DQB2) and immunosenescence. We believe our data and analysis strategy highlight new and interesting epigenetic trends affecting humoral response to vaccination against influenza; one of the most common and impactful viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Zimmermann
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ann L. Oberg
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Diane E. Grill
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Iana H. Haralambieva
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Spadi R, Brusa F, Ponzetti A, Chiappino I, Birocco N, Ciuffreda L, Satolli MA. Current therapeutic strategies for advanced pancreatic cancer: A review for clinicians. World J Clin Oncol 2016; 7:27-43. [PMID: 26862489 PMCID: PMC4734936 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) would become the second leading cause of cancer death in the near future, despite representing only 3% of new cancer diagnosis. Survival improvement will come from a better knowledge of risk factors, earlier diagnosis, better integration of locoregional and systemic therapies, as well as the development of more efficacious drugs rising from a deeper understanding of disease biology. For patients with unresectable, non-metastatic disease, combined strategies encompassing primary chemotherapy and radiation seems to be promising. In fit patients, new polychemotherapy regimens can lead to better outcomes in terms of slight but significant survival improvement associated with a positive impact on quality of life. The upfront use of these regimes can also increase the rate of radical resections in borderline resectable and locally advanced PC. Second line treatments showed to positively affect both overall survival and quality of life in fit patients affected by metastatic disease. At present, oxaliplatin-based regimens are the most extensively studied. Nonetheless, other promising drugs are currently under evaluation. Presently, in addition to surgery and conventional radiation therapy, new locoregional treatment techniques are emerging as alternative options in the multimodal approach to patients or diseases not suitable for radical surgery. As of today, in contrast with other types of cancer, targeted therapies failed to show relevant activity either alone or in combination with chemotherapy and, thus, current clinical practice does not include them. Up to now, despite the fact of extremely promising results in different tumors, also immunotherapy is not in the actual therapeutic armamentarium for PC. In the present paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the art of clinical practice and research in PC aiming to offer a guide for clinicians on the most relevant topics in the management of this disease.
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Abu-Alainin W, Gana T, Liloglou T, Olayanju A, Barrera LN, Ferguson R, Campbell F, Andrews T, Goldring C, Kitteringham N, Park BK, Nedjadi T, Schmid MC, Slupsky JR, Greenhalf W, Neoptolemos JP, Costello E. UHRF1 regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in pancreatic cancer contributes to oncogenesis. J Pathol 2016; 238:423-33. [PMID: 26497117 PMCID: PMC4738372 DOI: 10.1002/path.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cellular defence protein Nrf2 is a mediator of oncogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other cancers. However, the control of Nrf2 expression and activity in cancer is not fully understood. We previously reported the absence of Keap1, a pivotal regulator of Nrf2, in ∼70% of PDAC cases. Here we describe a novel mechanism whereby the epigenetic regulator UHRF1 suppresses Keap1 protein levels. UHRF1 expression was observed in 20% (5 of 25) of benign pancreatic ducts compared to 86% (114 of 132) of pancreatic tumours, and an inverse relationship between UHRF1 and Keap1 levels in PDAC tumours (n = 124) was apparent (p = 0.002). We also provide evidence that UHRF1-mediated regulation of the Nrf2 pathway contributes to the aggressive behaviour of PDAC. Depletion of UHRF1 from PDAC cells decreased growth and enhanced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. UHRF1 depletion also led to reduced levels of Nrf2-regulated downstream proteins and was accompanied by heightened oxidative stress, in the form of lower glutathione levels and increased reactive oxygen species. Concomitant depletion of Keap1 and UHRF1 restored Nrf2 levels and reversed cell cycle arrest and the increase in reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, depletion of UHRF1 reduced global and tumour suppressor promoter methylation in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and KEAP1 gene promoter methylation was reduced in one of three cell lines examined. Thus, methylation of the KEAP1 gene promoter may contribute to the suppression of Keap1 protein levels by UHRF1, although our data suggest that additional mechanisms need to be explored. Finally, we demonstrate that K-Ras drives UHRF1 expression, establishing a novel link between this oncogene and Nrf2-mediated cellular protection. Since UHRF1 over-expression occurs in other cancers, its ability to regulate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway may be critically important to the malignant behaviour of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Abu-Alainin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Thompson Gana
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Adedamola Olayanju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Lawrence N Barrera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Ferguson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
| | - Timothy Andrews
- Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
| | | | - Neil Kitteringham
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian K Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Taoufik Nedjadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph R Slupsky
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
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Baines A, Martin P, Rorie C. Current and Emerging Targeting Strategies for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:277-320. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Grasso D, Bintz J, Lomberk G, Molejon MI, Loncle C, Garcia MN, Lopez MB, Urrutia R, Iovanna JL. Pivotal Role of the Chromatin Protein Nupr1 in Kras-Induced Senescence and Transformation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17549. [PMID: 26617245 PMCID: PMC4663475 DOI: 10.1038/srep17549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nupr1 is a chromatin protein, which cooperates with KrasG12D to induce PanIN formation and pancreatic cancer development in mice, though the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be fully characterized. In the current study, we report that Nupr1 acts as a gene modifier of the effect of KrasG12D-induced senescence by regulating Dnmt1 expression and consequently genome-wide levels of DNA methylation. Congruently, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytydine, a general inhibitor of DNA methylation, reverses the KrasG12D-induced PanIN development by promoting senescence. This requirement of Nupr1 expression, however, is not restricted to the pancreas since in lung of Nupr1–/– mice the expression of KrasG12D induces senescence instead of transformation. Therefore, mechanistically this data reveals that epigenetic events, at least at the level of DNA methylation, modulate the functional outcome of common genetic mutations, such as KrasG12D, during carcinogenesis. The biomedical relevance of these findings lies in that they support the rational for developing similar therapeutic interventions in human aimed at controlling either the initiation or progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grasso
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer Bintz
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Maria Ines Molejon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Loncle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Noé Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Belen Lopez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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Mazur PK, Herner A, Mello SS, Wirth M, Hausmann S, Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Lofgren SM, Kuschma T, Hahn SA, Vangala D, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Gupta A, Heid I, Noël PB, Braren R, Erkan M, Kleeff J, Sipos B, Sayles LC, Heikenwalder M, Heßmann E, Ellenrieder V, Esposito I, Jacks T, Bradner JE, Khatri P, Sweet-Cordero EA, Attardi LD, Schmid RM, Schneider G, Sage J, Siveke JT. Combined inhibition of BET family proteins and histone deacetylases as a potential epigenetics-based therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nat Med 2015; 21:1163-71. [PMID: 26390243 PMCID: PMC4959788 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human cancers and shows resistance to any therapeutic strategy used. Here we tested small-molecule inhibitors targeting chromatin regulators as possible therapeutic agents in PDAC. We show that JQ1, an inhibitor of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins, suppresses PDAC development in mice by inhibiting both MYC activity and inflammatory signals. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor SAHA synergizes with JQ1 to augment cell death and more potently suppress advanced PDAC. Finally, using a CRISPR-Cas9-based method for gene editing directly in the mouse adult pancreas, we show that de-repression of p57 (also known as KIP2 or CDKN1C) upon combined BET and HDAC inhibition is required for the induction of combination therapy-induced cell death in PDAC. SAHA is approved for human use, and molecules similar to JQ1 are being tested in clinical trials. Thus, these studies identify a promising epigenetic-based therapeutic strategy that may be rapidly implemented in fatal human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel K Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Alexander Herner
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephano S Mello
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Hausmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shane M Lofgren
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Timo Kuschma
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Deepak Vangala
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Medical Clinic, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Aayush Gupta
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Heid
- Institute of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter B Noël
- Institute of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Institute of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leanne C Sayles
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Heßmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | | | - Laura D Attardi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guenter Schneider
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Li J, Hu G, Kong F, Wu K, Song K, He J, Sun W. Elevated STMN1 Expression Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1013-20. [PMID: 25791566 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
STMN1 is a cytosolic phosphoprotein that not only participates in cell division, but also plays an important role in other microtubule-dependent processes, such as cell motility. Furthermore, STMN1 acts as a "relay protein" in several intracellular signaling pathways that influence cell growth and differentiation. Thus, STMN1 is likely to support cellular processes essential for tumor progression: survival and migration. Indeed, elevated STMN1 expression has been reported in various types of human malignancies and is correlated with poor prognosis in these human malignancies. However, the clinical and prognostic significance of STMN1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. Thus, we assessed STMN1 in PDAC in this retrospective study. We first examined STMN1 expression in PDAC tissues from 27 cases and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses. Next, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate STMN1 expression in 87 archived paraffin-embedded PDAC specimens. STMN1 mRNA and protein expression levels were to a large extent up-regulated in PDAC tissue compared with their adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Moreover, STMN1 expression was closely correlated with histological differentiation, lymphatic metastasis, and TNM stage (P = 0.023, 0.047, and 0.014, respectively). In addition, PDAC patients with higher STMN1 expression died sooner than those with lower STMN1 expression (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that STMN1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for PDAC patients (P < 0.01). Herein, we provide the first evidence that up-regulated STMN1 may contribute to tumor progression and poor prognosis in PDAC patients and may serve as a novel prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of PET center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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39
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Lomberk GA, Urrutia R. The Triple-Code Model for Pancreatic Cancer: Cross Talk Among Genetics, Epigenetics, and Nuclear Structure. Surg Clin North Am 2015; 95:935-52. [PMID: 26315515 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is painful, generally incurable, and frequently lethal. The current progression model indicates that this cancer evolves by mutations and deletions in key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. This article describes an updated, more comprehensive model that includes concepts from the fields of epigenetics and nuclear architecture. Widespread use of next-generation sequencing for identifying genetic and epigenetic changes genome-wide will help identify and validate more and better markers for this disease. Epigenetic alterations are amenable to pharmacologic manipulations, thus this new integrated paradigm will contribute to advance this field from a mechanistic and translational point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen A Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Guggenheim 10-24A, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 10-42C, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Biophysics, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 10-42C, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 10-42C, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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40
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Chiorean EG, Coveler AL. Pancreatic cancer: optimizing treatment options, new, and emerging targeted therapies. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:3529-45. [PMID: 26185420 PMCID: PMC4500614 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s60328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the US and is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the next decade. Despite 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin with irinotecan and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel significantly improving outcomes for metastatic cancer, refractory disease still poses significant challenges. Difficulties with early detection and the inherent chemo- and radio-resistant nature of this malignancy led to attempts to define the sequential biology of pancreatic cancer in order to improve survival outcomes. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by several germline or acquired genetic mutations, the most common being KRAS (90%), CDK2NA (90%), TP53 (75%-90%), DPC4/SMAD4 (50%). In addition, the tumor microenvironment, chemoresistant cancer stem cells, and the desmoplastic stroma have been the target of some promising clinical investigations. Among the core pathways reproducibly shown to lead the development and progression of this disease, DNA repair, apoptosis, G1/S cell cycle transition, KRAS, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-beta, and other cell invasion pathways, have been the target of "precision therapeutics". No single molecularly targeted therapeutic though has been uniformly successful, probably due to the tumor heterogeneity, but biomarker research is evolving and it hopes to select more patients likely to benefit. Recent reports note activity with immunotherapies such as CD40 agonists, CCR2 inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and novel combinations against the immunosuppressive tumor milieu are ongoing. While many obstacles still exist, clearly we are making progress in deciphering the heterogeneity within pancreatic cancers. Integrating conventional and immunological targeting will be the key to effective treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew L Coveler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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41
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Paska AV, Hudler P. Aberrant methylation patterns in cancer: a clinical view. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2015; 25:161-76. [PMID: 26110029 PMCID: PMC4470106 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2015.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins affecting nucleosome remodelling, and regulation by small and large non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) work in concert with cis and trans acting elements to drive appropriate gene expression. Advances in detection methods and development of dedicated platforms and methylation arrays resulted in an explosion of information on aberrantly methylated sequences linking deviations in epigenetic landscape with the initiation and progression of complex diseases. Here, we consider how DNA methylation changes in malignancies, such as breast, pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancer could be exploited for the purpose of developing specific diagnostic tools. DNA methylation changes can be applicable as biomarkers for detection of malignant disease in easily accessible tissues. Methylation signatures are already proving to be an important marker for determination of drug sensitivity. Even more, promoter methylation patterns of some genes, such as MGMT, SHOX2, and SEPT9, have already been translated into commercial clinical assays aiding in patient assessment as adjunct diagnostic tools. In conclusion, the changes in DNA methylation patterns in tumour cells are slowly gaining entrance into routine diagnostic tests as promising biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Videtic Paska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Hudler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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42
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Feld FM, Nagel PD, Weissinger SE, Welke C, Stenzinger A, Möller P, Lennerz JK. GOT1/AST1 expression status as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4516-26. [PMID: 25595905 PMCID: PMC4414208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostication in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenge. Recently, a link between mutated KRAS and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT1/AST1) has been described as part of the metabolic reprogramming in PDAC. The clinical relevance of this novel metabolic KRAS-GOT1 link has not been determined in primary human patient samples. Here we studied the GOT1 expression status as a prognostic biomarker in PDAC. We employed three independent PDAC cohorts with clinicopathological- and follow-up data: a) ICGC, comprising 57 patients with whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide expression profiling; b) ULM, composed of 122 surgically-treated patients with tissue-samples and KRAS status; c) a validation cohort of 140 primary diagnostic biopsy samples. GOT1 expression was assessed by RNA level (ICGC) or immunolabeling (ULM/validation cohort). GOT1 expression varied (ICGC) and correlation with the KRAS mutation- and expression status was imperfect (P = 0.2, ICGC; P = 0.8, ULM). Clinicopathological characteristics did not differ when patients were separated based on GOT1 high vs. low (P = 0.08-1.0); however, overall survival was longer in patients with GOT1-expressing tumors (P = 0.093, ICGC; P = 0.049, ULM). Multivariate analysis confirmed GOT1 as an independent prognostic marker (P = 0.009). Assessment in univariate (P = 0.002) and multivariate models in the validation cohort (P = 0.019), containing 66% stage IV patients, confirmed the independency of GOT1. We propose the GOT1 expression status as a simple and reliable prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenja M Feld
- Institute of Pathology, University Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | | | - Claudia Welke
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, University Hospital Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Pathology, University Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Ulm 89081, Germany
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43
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MiR-23a/-24-induced gene silencing results in mesothelial cell integration of pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:131-9. [PMID: 25422915 PMCID: PMC4453619 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Invasion of the surrounding tissue is part of the metastatic cascade. Here, we examined the invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells into the mesothelial barrier and identified the related microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. Methods: The interactions between PDAC cells and mesothelial monolayers were characterised and quantified using a specific time-lapse videomicroscopy assay. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells were further evaluated using the adhesion assay, and miRNA, mRNA and protein expressions were determined using microarray, q-RT–PCR and western blots, respectively. These data were correlated with in vivo dissemination scores. Results: Two groups of PDAC cell lines were distinguished by their integration capacity into the mesothelial monolayer using mean elongation factors (MEFs). Adhesion assays showed a concordant relation between adhesive properties and integration capacity. The distant metastases scores were reverse correlated with MEFs. Microarray analysis of these groups revealed that miR-23a and/or miR-24 target for FZD5, HNF1B and/or TMEM92, respectively, and that they are significantly deregulated. Conclusions: MiR-23a and/or miR-24 overexpression leads to gene silencing of FZD5, TMEM92 and/or HNF1B. Their downregulation induces deregulated expression and degradation of E-cadherin and β-catenin causing destabilisation of the cadherin/catenin complex, and altered the expression of Wnt-related genes. We propose a molecular (epi)genetic mechanism by which increased EMT-like cell shape transformation and integration into mesothelial monolayers of PDAC cells can be observed.
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44
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Kumar AS, Bryan JN, Kumar SR. Bacterial quorum sensing molecule N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone causes direct cytotoxicity and reduced cell motility in human pancreatic carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106480. [PMID: 25188245 PMCID: PMC4154711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of chemotherapeutic and surgical advances, pancreatic cancer continues to have a dismal prognosis. Metastasis due to tumor cell migration remains the most critical challenge in treating pancreatic cancer, and conventional chemotherapy is rarely curative. In the quest for more novel molecules to fight this disease, we tested the hypothesis that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecule N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (O-DDHSL) would be cytotoxic to and reduce mobility of pancreatic carcinoma cells (Panc-1 and Aspc-1). Results showed a decrease in cell viability from apoptosis, diminished colony formation, and inhibition of migration of the evaluated pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Also, cell viability decreased in the presence of O-DDHSL when cells were grown in matrigel basement membrane matrix. While messenger RNA for IQGAP-1 decreased in Panc-1 and HPDE cells upon exposure to O-DDHSL, no change was observed in Aspc-1 cells. Cofilin mRNA expression was found to be increased in both HPDE and Panc-1 cells with marginal decrease in Aspc-1 cells. RhoC, a Rho-family GTPase involved in cell motility, increased in the presence of O-DDHSL, suggesting a possible compensatory response to alteration in other migration associated genes. Our results indicate that O-DDHSL could be an effective biomolecule in eukaryotic systems with multimodal function for essential molecular targeting in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwath S. Kumar
- Comparative Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Bryan
- Comparative Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Senthil R. Kumar
- Comparative Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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Tang YT, Xu XH, Yang XD, Hao J, Cao H, Zhu W, Zhang SY, Cao JP. Role of non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: The bane of the microworld. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9405-9417. [PMID: 25071335 PMCID: PMC4110572 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of pancreatic cancer has been greatly advanced. However, the molecular events involved in the initiation and development of pancreatic cancer remain inscrutable. None of the present medical technologies have been proven to be effective in significantly improving early detection or reducing the mortality/morbidity of this disease. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular basis of pancreatic cancer is required for the identification of more effective diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), generally including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have recently been found to be deregulated in many human cancers, which provides new opportunities for identifying both functional drivers and specific biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. In this article, we review the existing literature in the field documenting the significance of aberrantly expressed and functional ncRNAs in human pancreatic cancer, and discuss how oncogenic ncRNAs may be involved in the genetic and epigenetic networks regulating functional pathways that are deregulated in this malignancy, particularly of the ncRNAs’ role in drug resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition biological phenotype, with the aim of analyzing the feasibility of clinical application of ncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Testing
- Genetic Therapy
- Humans
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment
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46
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Neureiter D, Jäger T, Ocker M, Kiesslich T. Epigenetics and pancreatic cancer: Pathophysiology and novel treatment aspects. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7830-7848. [PMID: 24976721 PMCID: PMC4069312 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An improvement in pancreatic cancer treatment represents an urgent medical goal. Late diagnosis and high intrinsic resistance to conventional chemotherapy has led to a dismal overall prognosis that has remained unchanged during the past decades. Increasing knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis of the disease has shown that genetic alterations, such as mutations of K-ras, and especially epigenetic dysregulation of tumor-associated genes, such as silencing of the tumor suppressor p16ink4a, are hallmarks of pancreatic cancer. Here, we describe genes that are commonly affected by epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic cancer via DNA methylation, histone acetylation or miRNA (microRNA) expression, and review the implications on pancreatic cancer biology such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, morphological pattern formation, or cancer stem cell regulation during carcinogenesis from PanIN (pancreatic intraepithelial lesions) to invasive cancer and resistance development. Epigenetic drugs, such as DNA methyltransferases or histone deactylase inhibitors, have shown promising preclinical results in pancreatic cancer and are currently in early phases of clinical development. Combinations of epigenetic drugs with established cytotoxic drugs or targeted therapies are promising approaches to improve the poor response and survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients.
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47
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Yamamoto K, Tateishi K, Kudo Y, Sato T, Yamamoto S, Miyabayashi K, Matsusaka K, Asaoka Y, Ijichi H, Hirata Y, Otsuka M, Nakai Y, Isayama H, Ikenoue T, Kurokawa M, Fukayama M, Kokudo N, Omata M, Koike K. Loss of histone demethylase KDM6B enhances aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer through downregulation of C/EBPα. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2404-14. [PMID: 24947179 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with critical roles have been well examined. The recent discovery of alterations in genes encoding histone modifiers suggests their possible roles in the complexity of cancer development. We previously reported loss of heterozygosity of the KDM6B gene, which encodes a histone demethylase for trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27, a repressive chromatin mark, in PDAC cells. In this study, we demonstrated that loss of KDM6B enhanced aggressiveness of PDAC cells. KDM6B has been regarded as a tumor suppressor that mediates oncogenic KRAS-induced senescence. Consistently, KDM6B was highly expressed in pancreatic precancerous lesions (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms); then, the expression decreased as the malignant grade progressed. We found that knockdown of KDM6B in PDAC cells promoted tumor sphere formation and increased peritoneal dissemination and liver metastasis in vivo. Microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis implicated CEBPA for aggressiveness induced by KDM6B knockdown. CEBPA knockdown recapitulated the phenotypic change of PDAC cells after KDM6B knockdown, which was reversed by forced expression of C/EBPα. Moreover, similar protein expression patterns of KDM6B and C/EBPα in human PDAC emphasized their functional correlation. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of the H3K27 methylase EZH2 in PDAC cells inhibited tumor sphere formation along with the upregulation of CEBPA expression, and this effect was impaired in KDM6B knockdown cells, highlighting the role for KDM6B in the activation of CEBPA. Together, our results propose a significant role for the KDM6B-C/EBPα axis in the PDAC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | | | - Shinzo Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Koji Miyabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsusaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ijichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and
| | - Masao Omata
- Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
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Furlan D, Sahnane N, Bernasconi B, Frattini M, Tibiletti MG, Molinari F, Marando A, Zhang L, Vanoli A, Casnedi S, Adsay V, Notohara K, Albarello L, Asioli S, Sessa F, Capella C, La Rosa S. APC alterations are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas, mainly through gene loss and promoter hypermethylation. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:553-64. [PMID: 24590585 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs) are poorly characterized, including the frequency and role of gene-specific hypermethylation, chromosome aberrations, and copy number alterations (CNAs). A subset of ACCs is known to show alterations in the APC/β-catenin pathway which includes mutations of APC gene. However, it is not known whether, in addition to mutation, loss of APC gene function can occur through alternative genetic and epigenetic mechanisms such as gene loss or promoter methylation. We investigated the global methylation profile of 34 tumor suppressor genes, CNAs of 52 chromosomal regions, and APC gene alterations (mutation, methylation, and loss) together with APC mRNA level in 45 ACCs and related peritumoral pancreatic tissues using methylation-specific multiplex ligation probe amplification (MS-MLPA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), mutation analysis, and reverse transcription-droplet digital PCR. ACCs did not show an extensive global gene hypermethylation profile. RASSF1 and APC were the only two genes frequently methylated. APC mutations were found in only 7 % of cases, while APC loss and methylation were more frequently observed (48 and 56 % of ACCs, respectively). APC mRNA low levels were found in 58 % of cases and correlated with CNAs. In conclusion, ACCs do not show extensive global gene hypermethylation. APC alterations are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of ACCs mainly through gene loss and promoter hypermethylation, along with reduction of APC mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Furlan
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Qin Y, Zhu W, Xu W, Zhang B, Shi S, Ji S, Liu J, Long J, Liu C, Liu L, Xu J, Yu X. LSD1 sustains pancreatic cancer growth via maintaining HIF1α-dependent glycolytic process. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:225-32. [PMID: 24561118 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The histone demethylase LSD1 (lysine specific demethylase 1) plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. Our study investigated the role of LSD1 in pancreatic cancer and demonstrated that LSD1 was significantly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer patient tissue samples, and elevated LSD1 protein levels positively correlated with overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrated that knock-down of LSD1 repressed proliferation and tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistically, our study demonstrated that LSD1 synergized with HIF1α (hypoxia inducible factor-1α) in maintaining glycolytic process, which fueled pancreatic cancer uncontrolled proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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50
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Lesina M, Wörmann SM, Neuhöfer P, Song L, Algül H. Interleukin-6 in inflammatory and malignant diseases of the pancreas. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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