1
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Li Z, Zeng N, Zhao X, Chen X, Liang G, Liu H, Lin J, Zheng P, Lin X, Zhou H, Zheng D. Urinary peptidome analysis in CKD and IgA nephropathy. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1965-1973. [PMID: 37915931 PMCID: PMC10616486 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a significant challenge to human health and economic stability in aging societies worldwide. Current clinical practice strategies remain insufficient for the early identification of kidney dysfunction, and the differential diagnosis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) predominantly relies on invasive kidney biopsy procedures. Methods First, we assessed a case-control cohort to obtain urine samples from healthy controls and biopsy-confirmed CKD patients. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to detect urinary peptide and then these urinary peptide profiles were used to construct diagnostic models to distinguish CKD patients from controls and identify IgAN patients from other nephropathy patients. Furthermore, we assessed the robustness of the diagnostic models and their reproducibility by applying different algorithms. Results A rapid and accurate working platform for detecting CKD and its IgAN subtype based on urinary peptide pattern detected by MALDI-TOF MS was established. Naturally occurring urinary peptide profiles were used to construct a diagnostic model to distinguish CKD patients from controls and identify IgAN patients from other nephropathy patients. The performance of several algorithms was assessed and demonstrated that the robustness of the diagnostic models as well as their reproducibility were satisfactory. Conclusions The present findings suggest that the CKD-related and IgAN-specific urinary peptides discovered facilitate precise identification of CKD and its IgAN subtype, offering a dependable framework for screening conditions linked to renal dysfunction. This will aid in comprehending the pathogenesis of nephropathy and identifying potential protein targets for the clinical management of nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Li
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nianyi Zeng
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Chen
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangqing Liang
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyue Liu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinyan Lin
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peizhuang Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingtao Lin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daowen Zheng
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gerontology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Cao G, Miao H, Wang YN, Chen DQ, Wu XQ, Chen L, Guo Y, Zou L, Vaziri ND, Li P, Zhao YY. Intrarenal 1-methoxypyrene, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, mediates progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2929-2945. [PMID: 35577910 PMCID: PMC9622813 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that endogenous metabolites act via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signalling pathway in tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying endogenous metabolite-mediated AhR activation are poorly characterised. In this study, we conducted untargeted metabolomics analysis to identify the significantly altered intrarenal metabolites in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). We found that the levels of the metabolite 1-methoxypyrene (MP) and the mRNA expression of AhR and its target genes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 and COX-2 were progressively increased in the obstructed kidney at Weeks 1, 2 and 3. Furthermore, these changes were positively correlated with progressive TIF in UUO mice. In NRK-52E, RAW 264.7 and NRK-49F cells, MP dose-dependently upregulated the mRNA expression of AhR and its four target genes and the protein expression of nuclear AhR, accompanied by the upregulated protein expression of collagen I, α-SMA and fibronectin, as well as downregulated E-cadherin expression. Consistently, oral administration of MP in mice progressively enhanced AhR activity and upregulated profibrotic protein expression in the kidneys; these effects were partially inhibited by AhR knockdown in MP-treated mice and cell lines. In addition, we screened and identified erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-ferulic acid ether (GFA), which was isolated from Semen plantaginis, as a new AhR antagonist. GFA significantly attenuated TIF in MP-treated NRK-52E cells and mice by partially antagonising AhR activity. Our results suggest that MP activates AhR signalling, thus mediating TIF through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and macrophage-myofibroblast transition. MP is a crucial metabolite that contributes to TIF via AhR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 1700 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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3
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Li SS, Sun Q, Hua MR, Suo P, Chen JR, Yu XY, Zhao YY. Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719880. [PMID: 34483931 PMCID: PMC8415231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays important roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Wnt signaling is induced, and β-catenin is activated, associated with the development and progression of renal fibrosis. Wnt/β-catenin controls the expression of various downstream mediators such as snail1, twist, matrix metalloproteinase-7, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, transient receptor potential canonical 6, and renin-angiotensin system components in epithelial cells, fibroblast, and macrophages. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin is usually intertwined with other signaling pathways to promote renal interstitial fibrosis. Actually, given the crucial of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal fibrogenesis, blocking this signaling may benefit renal interstitial fibrosis. There are several antagonists of Wnt signaling that negatively control Wnt activation, and these include soluble Fzd-related proteins, the family of Dickkopf 1 proteins, Klotho and Wnt inhibitory factor-1. Furthermore, numerous emerging small-molecule β-catenin inhibitors cannot be ignored to prevent and treat renal fibrosis. Moreover, we reviewed the knowledge focusing on anti-fibrotic effects of natural products commonly used in kidney disease by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation, downstream targets, role, and mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal fibrosis pathogenesis. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway to treat renal fibrosis; this may shed new insights into effective treatment strategies to prevent and treat renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Meng-Ru Hua
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Suo
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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4
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Wang YN, Yang CE, Zhang DD, Chen YY, Yu XY, Zhao YY, Miao H. Long non-coding RNAs: A double-edged sword in aging kidney and renal disease. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 337:109396. [PMID: 33508306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging as one of intrinsic biological processes is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Kidney disease is a global problem and health care burden worldwide. The diagnosis of kidney disease is currently based on serum creatinine and urea levels. Novel biomarkers may improve diagnostic accuracy, thereby allowing early prevention and treatment. Over the past few years, advances in genome analyses have identified an emerging class of noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression and epigenetic reprogramming. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed in the genome and could bind DNA, RNA and protein. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that lncRNAs played an important role in all stages of kidney disease. To date, only some lncRNAs were well identified and characterized, but the complexity of multilevel regulation of transcriptional programs involved in these processes remains undefined. In this review, we summarized the lncRNA expression profiling of large-scale identified lncRNAs on kidney diseases including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy and kidney transplantation. We further discussed a number of annotated lncRNAs linking with complex etiology of kidney diseases. Finally, several lncRNAs were highlighted as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Targeting lncRNAs may represent a precise therapeutic strategy for progressive renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Chang-E Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Xie H, Liu D, Wang Y, Liu C, Khan MA, Jiang J, Zhang W. Effects of Different Sample Pulverisation Methods on the Extraction of Metabolites from the Fermented Cottonseed Meal Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2751-2757. [PMID: 32524273 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The precondition of studying biological sample is to extract sample metabolites by the best pretreatment methods. There is already limited information about pretreatments of fermented feed metabolites. The study compared the extraction effects of different pulverisation methods used in the sample pretreatment process for the extraction of metabolites from cottonseed meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The extraction effects of three pretreatments (non-pulverisation (WF), pulverisation (F), and high-speed homogenisation methods (YJ)) were compared with the numbers of metabolites and the normalised peak areas of the metabolites. The results showed that the number of metabolites extracted with three pulverisation methods were 1745, 1896, 2132 (ESI+ mode) and 1447, 1675, 2073 (ESI- mode), respectively. The number of variable importance plot (VIP) metabolites and the relative peak areas of metabolites showed that the trend was YJ > F > WF. The extraction effect of high-speed homogenisation method was the best way to extract metabolites from the fermented cottonseed meal. This study built a foundation work for the further research of the fermented feed metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Xie
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Akram Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjv Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Miao H, Cao G, Wu XQ, Chen YY, Chen DQ, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Feng YL, Su W, Gao Y, Zhuang S, Yu XY, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Identification of endogenous 1-aminopyrene as a novel mediator of progressive chronic kidney disease via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3415-3435. [PMID: 32219844 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increasing evidence has indicated that the high risk of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients cannot be sufficiently explained by classic risk factors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method, we identified significantly altered renal tissue metabolites during progressive CKD in a 5/6 nephrectomized rat model and in CKD patients. KEY RESULTS Six aryl-containing metabolites (ACMs) were significantly increased from Week 1 to Week 20. They were associated with the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its target genes including CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, which were further validated by molecular docking. Our study further demonstrated that AhR signalling could be activated by ACM in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. Most importantly, 1-aminopyrene (AP) showed strong positive and negative correlation with serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, respectively. AP significantly up-regulated the mRNA expressions of AhR and its three target genes in both mice and NRK-52E cells, while this effect was partially weakened in AhR small hairpin RNA-treated mice and NRK-52E cells. Furthermore, dietary flavonoid supplementation ameliorated CKD and renal fibrosis through partially inhibiting the AhR activity via lowering the ACM levels. The antagonistic effect of flavonoids on AhR was deeply influenced by the number and location of hydroxyl and glycosyl groups. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We uncovered that endogenous AP is a novel mediator of CKD progression via AhR activation; thus, AhR might serve as a promising target for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Lin Q, Wang C, Jia Z, Xiong H, Xue X, Liu M, Xu X, Qu W, Li X. UPLC-HDMS-based on serum metabolomics reveals the toxicity of arecae semen. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112223. [PMID: 31553926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arecae semen has been used as vermifuge and digestant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for more than one thousand years. However, the toxicity effect of areca semen and its underlying mechanism are still unclear. THE AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the toxicity of arecae semen and to explore its mechanisms by serum metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The male Wistar rats were divided into the control group and treated group (n = 6 in each group), which were given by gavage with distill water or arecae semen aqueous extract (ASAE) once a day for 30 days, respectively. Serum samples were collected from all the rats after treatment of 7-day, 14-day and 30-day for metabolomics analysis. Moreover, biochemistry analysis and histopathological examination were performed at the end of study. RESULTS The phenomenon of diarrhea, less physical activity, tremors and body curl up were observed in the treated group. Additionally, the body weights of treated rats were significantly decreased compared with control rats from the 8th day after oral administration. Except the level of creatinekinase (CK) in the treated group significantly increased compared with the control group, there were no differences on biochemistry parameters and histopathological test in the two groups. Combined with the methods of principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal projection to latent structure-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) and available databases, the treated and control rats were clearly distinguished from each other and 19 metabolites were identified as the potential biomarkers in the arecae semen treated rats. The identified biomarkers indicated that there were perturbations of the phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and fat acid metabolism in the treated group. CONCLUSIONS This indicated that arecae semen possessed certain cardiotoxicity and inhibited the normal growth in Wistar male rats. In addition, the metabolomics approach is a useful tool to study the toxicity in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhe Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xue Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wenjia Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiangri Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
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8
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Toxicity and Its Mechanism Study of Arecae semen Aqueous Extract in Wistar Rats by UPLC-HDMS-Based Serum Metabolomics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2716325. [PMID: 32071608 PMCID: PMC7011391 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2716325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Arecae semen (AS) is officially recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and it is known for its multiple functions, including antidepressive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which have been confirmed by modern pharmacological study. Previous study in our laboratory showed that long-term oral administration of Arecae semen (AS) is officially recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and it is known for its multiple functions, including antidepressive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which have been confirmed by modern pharmacological study. Previous study in our laboratory showed that long-term oral administration of Hypothesis. The aim of this work was to characterize the metabolome, evaluate the metabolic changes, and study the mechanisms of the toxicity induced by different treatment doses of ASAE via metabolomics. Methods Wistar rats were administered orally two different doses of ASAE (1500 and 4500 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. The investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of ASAE. And, the UPLC-HDMS-based serum metabolomics in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques was applied to investigate the serum metabolite profile and potential markers of toxicity induced by different doses of ASAE. Results Coupled with blood biochemistry and histopathology results, the significant difference in metabolic profiling was observed between 1500 and 4500 mg/kg/d dosages of ASAE-treated rats and normal rats by using pattern recognition analysis, indicating that changes in serum metabolites must have occurred. Some significant changed metabolites such as arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and LPC (18 : 1) have been found and identified. These biochemical changes in serum metabolites are related to the perturbation of linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and purine metabolism, which may be helpful to further understand the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of ASAE. Conclusion The study shows that the metabolomic method may be a valuable tool for studying the essence of toxicity induced by traditional Chinese medicine.
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9
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Li WX, Zhang AH, Zhou XH, Nan Y, Liu Q, Sun H, Fang H, Wang XJ. High-throughput liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry-driven lipidomics discover metabolic biomarkers and pathways as promising targets to reveal the therapeutic effects of the Shenqi pill. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2347-2358. [PMID: 35494613 PMCID: PMC9048437 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics, a branch of metabonomics, could provide a powerful technique for discovery of lipid molecules to reveal disease status and drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-xiu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Ai-hua Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Xiao-hang Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Yang Nan
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Qi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Hui Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Heng Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Xi-jun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
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10
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Zhao H, Chen L, Yang T, Feng YL, Vaziri ND, Liu BL, Liu QQ, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation mediates kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2019; 17:302. [PMID: 31488157 PMCID: PMC6727512 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a well-known ligand-activated cytoplasmic transcription factor that contributes to cellular responses against environmental toxins and carcinogens. AhR is activated by a range of structurally diverse compounds from the environment, microbiome, natural products, and host metabolism, suggesting that AhR possesses a rather promiscuous ligand binding site. Increasing studies have indicated that AhR can be activated by a variety of endogenous ligands and induce the expression of a battery of genes. AhR regulates a variety of physiopathological events, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration. These new roles have expanded our understanding of the AhR signalling pathways and endogenous metabolites interacting with AhR under homeostatic and pathological conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that AhR is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this review, we summarize gut microbiota-derived ligands inducing AhR activity in patients with CKD, CVD, diabetic nephropathy and RCC that may provide a new diagnostic and prognostic approach for complex renal damage. We further highlight polyphenols from natural products as AhR agonists or antagonists that regulate AhR activity. A better understanding of structurally diverse polyphenols and AhR biological activities would allow us to illuminate their molecular mechanism and discover potential therapeutic strategies targeting AhR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Bao-Li Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Xu S, Ge X, Li S, Guo X, Dai D, Yang T. Discrimination of Different Parts of Saffron by Metabolomic-Based Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Definition Mass Spectrometry. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900363. [PMID: 31385642 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the metabolite profiling of three different parts of Crocus sativus L. was measured by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTof-MS/MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was used to distinguish among the samples from different parts. A total of 54 compounds were identified in tepals, stigmas and stamens by UPLC-QTof-MS/MS. The results stated that chemical characteristics of saffron were obviously diverse in terms of the parts of flower. Through analysis, coniferin and crocin-2 were special components in stigmas when compared to tepals and stamens. The content of flavonoids was high in tepals when compared with the stigmas. The tepal of saffron may processed as a source of flavonoids in the future. The research provided the basis for the theory that only the stigma can be used as medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Xu
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Economic Crop Seedling, Zhengzhou, 450008, P. R. China.,College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojin Ge
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Economic Crop Seedling, Zhengzhou, 450008, P. R. China
| | - Shimin Li
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Economic Crop Seedling, Zhengzhou, 450008, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Guo
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Economic Crop Seedling, Zhengzhou, 450008, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Dai
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Economic Crop Seedling, Zhengzhou, 450008, P. R. China
| | - Tiegang Yang
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Economic Crop Seedling, Zhengzhou, 450008, P. R. China
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12
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Chen YY, Yu XY, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Ma SC, Zhao YY. Redox signaling in aging kidney and opportunity for therapeutic intervention through natural products. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:141-149. [PMID: 31199964 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are serious public problems with high morbidity and mortality in the general population and heavily retard renal function with aging regardless of the cause. Although myriad strategies have been assigned to prevent or harness disease progression, unfortunately, thus far, there is a paucity of effective therapies partly due to an insufficient knowledge of underlying pathological mechanisms, indicating deeper studies are urgently needed. Additionally, natural products are increasingly recognized as an alternative source for disease intervention owing to the potent safety and efficacy, which might be exploited for novel drug discovery. In this review, we primarily expatiate the new advances on mediators that might be amenable to targeting aging kidney and kidney diseases, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), renin-angiotensin system (RAS), nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated γ receptor (PPARγ), advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) as well as microRNAs and vitagenes. Of note, we conclude by highlighting some natural products which have the potential to facilitate the development of novel treatment for patients with myriad renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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13
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Chronic kidney disease: Biomarker diagnosis to therapeutic targets. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 499:54-63. [PMID: 31476302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized as renal dysfunction, is recognized as a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no obvious clinical symptoms in early stage disease until severe damage has occurred. Further complicating early diagnosis and treatment is the lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers. As such, novel biomarkers are urgently needed. Metabolomics has shown an increasing potential for identifying underlying disease mechanisms, facilitating clinical diagnosis and developing pharmaceutical treatments for CKD. Recent advances in metabolomics revealed that CKD was closely associated with the dysregulation of numerous metabolites, such as amino acids, lipids, nucleotides and glycoses, that might be exploited as potential biomarkers. In this review, we summarize recent metabolomic applications based on animal model studies and in patients with CKD and highlight several biomarkers that may play important roles in diagnosis, intervention and development of new therapeutic strategies.
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14
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Yang T, Feng YL, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Dietary natural flavonoids treating cancer by targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:445-460. [PMID: 31433724 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1635987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a ligand-activated transcription factor in the field of cancer has gradually been unveiled. A strong body of evidence indicated that AhR is implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis, immune metabolism and other processes, which further affected tumor growth, survival, migration, and invasion. Therefore, AhR targeted therapy may become a new method for cancer treatment and provide a new direction for clinical tumor treatment. Astonishingly, the largest source of exposure of animals and humans to AhR ligands (synthetic and natural) comes from the diet. Myriad studies have described that various natural dietary chemicals can directly activate and/or inhibit the AhR signaling pathway. Of note, numerous natural products contribute to AhR active, of which dietary flavonoids are the largest class of natural AhR ligands. As interest in AhR and its ligands increases, it seems sensible to summarize current research on these ligands. In this review, we highlight the role of AhR in tumorigenesis and focus on the double effect of AhR in cancer therapy. We explored the molecular mechanism of AhR ligands on cancer through a few AhR agonists/antagonists currently in clinical practice. Ultimately, we summarize and highlight the latest progression of dietary flavonoids as AhR ligands in cancer inhibition, including the limitations and deficiencies of it in clinical research. This review will offer a comprehensive understanding of AhR and its dietary ligands which may dramatically pave the way for targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Feng YL, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Small molecule inhibitors of epithelial-mesenchymal transition for the treatment of cancer and fibrosis. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:54-78. [PMID: 31131921 DOI: 10.1002/med.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis and cancer both lead to high morbidity and mortality worldwide; thus, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Because drug resistance has been widely reported in fibrotic tissue and cancer, developing a strategy to discover novel targets for targeted drug intervention is necessary for the effective treatment of fibrosis and cancer. Although many factors lead to fibrosis and cancer, pathophysiological analysis has demonstrated that tissue fibrosis and cancer share a common process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is associated with many mediators, including transcription factors (Snail, zinc-finger E-box-binding protein and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), signaling pathways (transforming growth factor-β1, RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase, Wnt, nuclear factor-kappa B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Notch, and RAS), RNA-binding proteins (ESRP1 and ESRP2) and microRNAs. Therefore, drugs targeting EMT may be a promising therapy against both fibrosis and tumors. A large number of compounds that are synthesized or derived from natural products and their derivatives suppress the EMT by targeting these mediators in fibrosis and cancer. By targeting EMT, these compounds exhibited anticancer effects in multiple cancer types, and some of them also showed antifibrotic effects. Therefore, drugs targeting EMT not only have both antifibrotic and anticancer effects but also exert effective therapeutic effects on multiorgan fibrosis and cancer, which provides effective therapy against fibrosis and cancer. Taken together, the results highlighted in this review provide new concepts for discovering new antifibrotic and antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Su W, Ma SX, Shang YQ, Mao JR, Yu XY, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Activated NF-κB/Nrf2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are associated with lipid metabolism in CKD patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2317-2332. [PMID: 31102786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of CKD patients at risk for microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria could facilitate clinical outcomes and long-term survival. Considering the few and limited efficacy of current biomarkers in early detection, we aim to discover plasma lipids that effectively predict the development of CKD paitents with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. A total of 380 healthy controls and 1156 patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 were stratified by urine albumin-creatinine ratio as microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g). Fasting plasma samples were determined by UPLC-HDMS based on lipidomics. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were used to validate the lipid metabolism-associated pathways. Pathway analysis demonstrated that these lipids were closely associated with PPARγ, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels and RAS signaling, which were intimately involved in activated NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. We further carried out pathway validation and demonstrated that NF-κB pathway was activated in patients with macroalbuminuria compared with CKD patients with microalbuminuria, while Nrf2-associated protein expression was downregulated, which was accompanied by the up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Four lipids including DTA, 5,8-TDA, GGD3 and DHA that showed great potential in the discrimination of CKD patients with microalbuminuria and healthy controls were selected by logistic regression analysis. Additionally, six lipid species including CDCA, glucosylceramide, GGD2, TTA, DHA and EDA that contributed to the discrimination of CKD patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were selected by logistic LASSO regression Gangliosides were first identified and might be promising therapeutic targets for CKD patients with the different degree of albuminuria. Collectively, this study first demonstrates the association of plasma inflammation, oxidative stress, Wnt/β-catenin and lipid metabolism in CKD patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92897, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Shi-Xing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - You-Quan Shang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Jia-Rong Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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17
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Kalantari S, Nafar M. An update of urine and blood metabolomics in chronic kidney disease. Biomark Med 2019; 13:577-597. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is considered as a serious obstacle in global health, with increasing incidence and prevalence. In spite of numerous attempts by using recent omics technologies, specially metabolomics, for understanding pathophysiology, molecular mechanism and identification reliable consensus biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of this complex disease, the current biomarkers are still insensitive and many questions about its pathomechanism are still to be unanswered. This review is focused on recent findings about urine and serum/plasma metabolite biomarkers and changes in the pathways that occurs in the disease conditions. The urine and blood metabolome content in the normal and disease state is investigated based on the current metabolomics studies and well known metabolite candidate biomarkers for chronic kidney disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Kalantari
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Number 103, Boostan 9th Street, Pasdaran Avenue, 1666663111 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nafar
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Number 103, Boostan 9th Street, Pasdaran Avenue, 1666663111 Tehran, Iran
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18
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Chen DQ, Feng YL, Chen L, Liu JR, Wang M, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Poricoic acid A enhances melatonin inhibition of AKI-to-CKD transition by regulating Gas6/AxlNFκB/Nrf2 axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:484-497. [PMID: 30716432 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex syndrome, which causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) after recovery from IRI-mediated acute kidney injury (AKI). There is no single therapy that could effectively prevent the renal injury after ischemia. In this study, the effects of melatonin or poricoic acid A (PAA) and their combination were investigated in protecting against AKI-to-CKD transition in rats and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury in cultured renal NRK-52E cells. Melatonin and PAA significantly reduced the magnitude of rise in serum creatinine and urea levels in IRI rats at days 3 and 14. Our results further showed that treatment with melatonin and PAA ameliorated renal fibrosis and podocyte injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation via regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways in IRI rats. Melatonin and PAA protected against AKI-to-CKD transition by regulating growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6)/AxlNFκB/Nrf2 signaling cascade. Melatonin and PAA initiallyupregulated Gas6/Axl signaling to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in AKI and subsequently downregulated Gas6/Axl signaling to attenuate renal fibrosis and progression to CKD. Melatonin and PAA inhibited expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Poricoic acid A enhances melatonin-mediated inhibition of AKI-to-CKD transition by the regulating Gas6/AxlNFκB/Nrf2 signaling cascade. Notably, our study first identified Axl as a promising therapeutic target for prevention of AKI-to-CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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19
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Unilateral ureteral obstruction causes gut microbial dysbiosis and metabolome disorders contributing to tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-18. [PMID: 30918245 PMCID: PMC6437207 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed marked changes in the composition of the microbiome and the metabolome and their potential influence in renal disease and CVD via the accumulation of microbial-derived uremic toxins. However, the effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) on the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites is unknown. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to UUO and sham-operated control groups. Renal histology, colonic microbiota, and plasma metabolites were examined two weeks later. We employed 16S rRNA sequence and untargeted metabolomic analyses to explore the changes in colonic microbiota and plasma metabolites and their relationship with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). The UUO rats exhibited tubular atrophy and dilatation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the obstructed kidney. UUO rats showed significant colonic enrichment and depletion of genera. Significant differences were identified in 219 plasma metabolites involved in lipid, amino acid, and bile acid metabolism, which were consistent with gut microbiota-related metabolism. Interestingly, tryptophan and its metabolites kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels, which were linked with TIF, correlated with nine specific genera. Plasma tryptophan level was positively correlated with Clostridium IV, Turicibacter, Pseudomonas and Lactobacillales, and negatively correlated with Oscillibacter, Blautia, and Intestinimonas, which possess the genes encoding tryptophan synthase (K16187), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (K00463) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (K00453) and their corresponding enzymes (EC:1.13.11.52 and EC:1.13.11.11) that exacerbate TIF. In conclusion, UUO results in profound changes in the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites, events that contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammation and TIF.
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AKF-PD alleviates diabetic nephropathy via blocking the RAGE/AGEs/NOX and PKC/NOX Pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4407. [PMID: 30867431 PMCID: PMC6416244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes. Currently, drugs are not available to effectively control the disease. Fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) is a recently developed drug; it possesses activities in reducing DN progression in preclinical research. Nonetheless, its renal protection and the underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. We report here that AKF-PD significantly alleviatesrenal oxidative stress (OS) in db/dbmice through downregulation of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and upregulation of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, thereby protecting kidney from DN pathogenesis. AKF-PD likely reduces OS through the advanced glycation end products (AGE) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. While renal AGEs, PKCα, PKCβ, and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were all substantially upregulated in db/db mice compared to db/m animals, AKF-PD robustly downregulated all these events to the basal levelsdetected in db/m mice. In primary human renal mesangial cells (HMCs), high glucose (HG) elevated receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), PKCα, PKCβ and NOX4 activity, and induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); these events were all inhibited by AKF-PD. Furthermore, HG led to mitochondrial damagein HMCs;AKF-PD conferred protection on the damage. Knockdown of either PKCα or PKCβ reduced HG-induced ROS production and mitochondrial damage in HMCs. The knockdown significantly enhanced AKF-PD-mediated inhibition of ROS production and mitochondrial damage in HG-treated HMCs. Collectively, our study demonstrates that AKF-PD protects renal function under diabetes conditions in part through inhibition of OS during DN pathogenesis. AKF-PD can be explored for clinical applications in DN therapy.
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Chen YY, Chen DQ, Chen L, Liu JR, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Microbiome-metabolome reveals the contribution of gut-kidney axis on kidney disease. J Transl Med 2019; 17:5. [PMID: 30602367 PMCID: PMC6317198 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis represents changes in composition and structure of the gut microbiome community (microbiome), which may dictate the physiological phenotype (health or disease). Recent technological advances and efforts in metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have led to a dramatical growth in our understanding of microbiome, but still, the mechanisms underlying gut microbiome–host interactions in healthy or diseased state remain elusive and their elucidation is in infancy. Disruption of the normal gut microbiota may lead to intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and bacterial translocation. Excessive uremic toxins are produced as a result of gut microbiota alteration, including indoxyl sulphate, p-cresyl sulphate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide, all implicated in the variant processes of kidney diseases development. This review focuses on the pathogenic association between gut microbiota and kidney diseases (the gut–kidney axis), covering CKD, IgA nephropathy, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, acute kidney injury, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in clinic. Targeted interventions including probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic measures are discussed for their potential of re-establishing symbiosis, and more effective strategies for the treatment of kidney diseases patients are suggested. The novel insights into the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in kidney diseases are helpful to develop novel therapeutic strategies for preventing or attenuating kidney diseases and complications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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Huangqi-Danshen Decoction Ameliorates Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9574045. [PMID: 30713579 PMCID: PMC6332985 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9574045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. However, the therapies remain limited. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for treating kidney disease for thousands of years and is an effective alternative treatment for CKD patients in China and other Asian countries. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Huangqi-Danshen decoction (HDD), a TCM herbal decoction, on treating CKD. CKD rat model was induced by adding 0.75% adenine to the diet for 4 weeks. HDD extract was administrated orally to CKD rats at the dose of 4.7 g/kg/d for consecutive 4 weeks in adenine-induced CKD rats. Kidney function was evaluated by the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The pathological changes of kidney tissues were observed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. The proteins expression of renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dynamics were determined and quantified by Western blot analysis. CKD rats showed obvious decline in renal function as evidenced by increased levels of Scr and BUN, which were blunted by HDD treatment. HDD could also improve tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis of CKD rats. Moreover, HDD downregulated fibronectin, type IV collagen, and α-smooth muscle actin expression in CKD rats. Furthermore, mitochondrial dynamics was disturbed in CKD rats, which manifested as increased mitochondrial fission and decreased mitochondrial fusion. HDD treatment restored mitochondrial dynamics in CKD rats by repressing dynamin-related protein 1 and Mid 49/51 expression, promoting mitofusin 2 expression, and suppressing optic atrophy 1 proteolysis. In conclusion, HDD could significantly retard CKD progression through modulating mitochondrial dynamics.
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Cao D, Xu C, Xue Y, Ruan Q, Yang B, Liu Z, Cui H, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Jin J. The therapeutic effect of Ilex pubescens extract on blood stasis model rats according to serum metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 227:18-28. [PMID: 30142425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn (MDQ), a traditional Chinese herb, is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the preventive effect of MDQ on blood stasis remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, serum metabolomics integrated with a biochemical assay strategy were established to evaluate the preventive effect and mechanism of action of MDQ on rats with acute blood stasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine rats were divided into seven groups: the control group, model group, aspirin treatment group (30 mg/kg), clopidogrel treatment group (8 mg/kg) and three MDQ treatment groups (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). A hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF/MS) coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was applied for profiling the serum metabolites. The multivariate data analysis techniques using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used for pattern recognition and distinguishing variabilities among groups. RESULTS MDQ protected the rats against blood stasis, as evidenced by the restoration of the anti-platelet aggregation activity, fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, endothelin, thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α. The combination of PCA and OPLS-DA revealed deviations in eighteen differential biomarkers in serum. The identified biomarkers were primarily engaged in the metabolic pathways including arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phospholipid biosynthesis and bile acid biosynthesis. The levels of eleven biomarkers showed significant alterations and a tendency to be restored to normal values in MDQ-treated blood stasis rats. Moreover, a correlation network diagram was constructed to show the serum biomarkers perturbed by MDQ. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that MDQ had preventive effects on blood stasis in rats via arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuncao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingfeng Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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24
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Chen DQ, Hu HH, Wang YN, Feng YL, Cao G, Zhao YY. Natural products for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:50-60. [PMID: 30466992 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the common causes resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. Renal fibrosis is the main pathological features of CKD. Natural products have begun to gain widely popularity worldwide for promoting healthcare and preventing CKD, and have been used as a conventional or complementary therapy for CKD treatment. PURPOSE The present paper reviewed the therapeutic effects of natural products on CKD and revealed the molecular mechanisms of their anti-fibrosis. METHODS All the available information on natural products against renal fibrosis was collected via a library and electronic search (using Web of Science, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Splinker, etc.). RESULTS Accumulated evidence demonstrated that natural products exhibited the beneficial effects for CKD treatment and against renal fibrosis. This review presents an overview of the molecular mechanism of CKD and natural products against renal fibrosis, followed by an in-depth discussion of their molecular mechanism of natural products including isolated compounds and crude extracts against renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. A number of isolated compounds have been confirmed to retard renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION The review provides comprehensive insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of CKD and natural products against renal fibrosis. Particular challenges are presented and placed within the context of future applications of natural products against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - He-He Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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25
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Lai X, Tong D, Ai X, Wu J, Luo Y, Zuo F, Wei Z, Li Y, Huang W, Wang W, Jiang Q, Meng X, Zeng Y, Wang P. Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice treated with tibetan medicine formula Siwei Jianghuang Decoction Powder extract. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16707. [PMID: 30420600 PMCID: PMC6232159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Siwei Jianghuang Decoction Powder (SWJH) documented originally in the Four Medical Tantras-Blue Glaze exhibited beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) via combined synergistically action of multiple formula components including Curcumae longae Rhizoma, Berberidis dictyophyllae Cortex, Phyllanthi Fructus and Tribuli Fructus. This study investigated the effects of SWJH on DN in db/db mice and possible underlying mechanisms. The ten weeks old db/db mice treated with SWJH by intra-gastric administration once a day for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, body weight, water and food intake of mice were recorded. The level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured. Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine microalbumin (UMAlb), serum uric acid (UA) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were detected. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to test serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to test mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), VEGF and TGF-β1 in kidney tissue. SWJH treatment significantly reduced the levels of FBG, Scr, BUN, UMAlb, UA and UAE and retarded renal fibrosis. SWJH treatment further significantly reduced serum TGF-β1 level and downregulated the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and TGF-β1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Principal component analysis and partial least squares regression and hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated that SWJH treatment significantly ameliorated renal damage in DN mice. These consequences suggested that SWJH formulations were effective in the treatment of DN through regulating the HIF-1α, VEGF and TGF-β1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Dong Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fang Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhicheng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanqiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wanyi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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26
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Yinchenhao Decoction Alleviates Liver Fibrosis by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and TGF-β/Smad/ERK Signalling Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15367. [PMID: 30337590 PMCID: PMC6194075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD), comprising Yinchenhao (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) and Dahuang (Radix Rhei et Rhizoma), is widely used for treating various diseases. We aimed to investigate the bile acid metabolic mechanism of YCHD in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis model. Rats received DMN (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for four successive weeks for liver fibrosis induction and were treated with YCHD for the last 2 weeks. Histopathological analysis showed that YCHD prevented DMN-induced histopathological changes in liver tissues. Serum liver function in YCHD group improved. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that YCHD significantly restored both free and conjugated bile acid levels increased by DMN, to normal levels. RT-qPCR results showed that YCHD treatment upregulated the expression of genes related to bile acid synthesis, reabsorption, and excretion. Western blotting analysis showed that YCHD downregulated α-SMA, TGF-β1, p-Smad3, and p-ERK1/2 expression in chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The viability of CDCA-activated HSCs significantly increased after treatment with YCHD and PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) compared to YCHD treatment alone. Our findings suggest that YCHD alleviated DMN-induced liver fibrosis by regulating enzymes responsible for bile acid metabolism. Additionally, it inhibits CDCA-induced HSC proliferation and activation via TGF-β1/Smad/ERK signalling pathway.
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27
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Li S, Xiao X, Han L, Wang Y, Luo G. Renoprotective effect of Zhenwu decoction against renal fibrosis by regulation of oxidative damage and energy metabolism disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14627. [PMID: 30279506 PMCID: PMC6168532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zhenwu decoction (ZWD) is a promising traditional Chinese prescription against renal fibrosis, while its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Rat model of renal fibrosis were established and divided into control group, model group, ZWD treatment group and enalapril maleate treatment group. Metabolic profiles on serum samples from each group were acquired by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolomics combined with molecular biology were comparatively conducted on samples of various groups. Fifteen potential biomarkers were identified and these biomarkers are mainly phospholipids and fatty acids. The results showed renal fibrosis was associated with oxidative damage and energy metabolism disorder. The results of histopathology, biochemistry and metabolomics demonstrated that ZWD exhibited an efficient renoprotective effect by alleviating oxidative stress, increasing energy metabolism and regulating fibrotic cytokines. This study provided scientific support for the research and development of new drugs from traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Han
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Yiming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road in Haidian Distric, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guoan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road in Haidian Distric, Beijing, 100084, China.
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28
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Zhang ZH, Li MH, Liu D, Chen H, Chen DQ, Tan NH, Ma SC, Zhao YY. Rhubarb Protect Against Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad Pathway and Improving Abnormal Metabolome in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1029. [PMID: 30271345 PMCID: PMC6146043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway for all kidney diseases leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in renal fibrosis. Previous studies have revealed that rhubarb extracts attenuated the increase of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) in CKD rats. To gain an in-depth insight into the mechanism of the anti-fibrotic activities of the rhubarb extracts, we investigated the influence of rhubarb extracts on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and the influence on metabolome in a rat model of CKD with adenine-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, including control, CKD, CKD + petroleum ether extract, CKD + ethyl acetate extract, and CKD + n-butanol extract groups. Kidneys harvested on the week three were evaluated for renal fibrosis, the expression of proteins in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and metabolomic study. We found rhubarb extracts suppressed TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis by reducing the TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGF-β RI), transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGF-β RII), Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, and Smad4, meanwhile increased Smad7. In addition, rhubarb extracts mitigated renal injury and dysfunction, and either fully or partially reversed the abnormalities of tissue metabolites. Thus, rebalancing the disorder of TGF-β/Smad signaling and metabolic dysfunction by treatment with rhubarb extracts may represent as an effective therapy for CKD associated with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Hua Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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29
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UPLC-QTOF/MS-Based Lipidomic Profiling of Liver Qi-Stagnation and Spleen-Deficiency Syndrome in Patients with Hyperlipidemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4530849. [PMID: 30245731 PMCID: PMC6136559 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4530849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common disease caused by abnormal plasma lipid metabolism. Lipidomics is a powerful and efficient technology to study the integration of disease and syndrome of Chinese medicine. This study investigated specific changes in lipid metabolites from hyperlipidemia patients with syndrome of liver qi-stagnation and spleen-deficiency (SLQSD). Lipid profiles in plasma samples from 29 hyperlipidemia patients including 10 SLQSD and 19 non-SLQSD and 26 healthy volunteers (NC) were tested by UPLC-QTOF/MS. PLS-DA analysis and database searching were performed to discover differentiating metabolites. Differences in lipid metabolites between hyperlipidemia and healthy people mainly include phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols, and ceramides. Hyperlipidemia patients with SLQSD and non-SLQSD could be differentiated by using identified lipid metabolites including phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, triglycerides, diacylglycerols, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, lysophosphatidylcholines, and lactosylceramides. There were significant differences of lipid metabolism between between different syndromes of the same disease such as hyperlipidemia which showed significant differences between SLQSD and non-SLQSD.
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30
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Hu HH, Chen DQ, Wang YN, Feng YL, Cao G, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. New insights into TGF-β/Smad signaling in tissue fibrosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:76-83. [PMID: 30017632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is considered as a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis and causes tissue scarring largely by activating its downstream small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling. Different TGF-β signalings play different roles in fibrogenesis. TGF-β1 directly activates Smad signaling which triggers pro-fibrotic gene overexpression. Excessive studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway was an important pathogenic mechanism in tissue fibrosis. Smad2 and Smad3 are the two major downstream regulator that promote TGF-β1-mediated tissue fibrosis, while Smad7 serves as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β1/Smad pathway thereby protects against TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis. This review presents an overview of the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in renal, hepatic, pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis, followed by an in-depth discussion of their molecular mechanisms of intervention effects both in vitro and in vivo. The role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in tumor or cancer is also discussed. Additionally, the current advances also highlight targeting TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway for the prevention of tissue fibrosis. The review reveals comprehensive pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue fibrosis. Particular challenges are presented and placed within the context of future applications against tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-He Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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31
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Wang M, Chen D, Chen L, Cao G, Zhao H, Liu D, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao Y. Novel inhibitors of the cellular renin-angiotensin system components, poricoic acids, target Smad3 phosphorylation and Wnt/β-catenin pathway against renal fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2689-2708. [PMID: 29679507 PMCID: PMC6003649 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tubulo-interstitial fibrosis is the final pathway in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney failure. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in CKD progression. Hence, we determined the efficacy of novel RAS inhibitors isolated from Poria cocos against renal fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of three novel tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, poricoic acid ZC (PZC), poricoic acid ZD (PZD) and poricoic acid ZE (PZE), were investigated on TGFβ1- and angiotensin II (AngII)-treated HK-2 cells and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR, siRNA, co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate expression of key molecules in RAS, Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ/Smad pathways. KEY RESULTS Addition of the above compounds to culture media and their administration to UUO mice: (i) significantly attenuated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix production in TGFβ1- and AngII-treated HK-2 cells and UUO mice by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation and Smad3 phosphorylation; (ii) selectively inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation by blocking the interaction of TGFBR1 with Smad3; and (iii) specifically inhibited Smad3 activation. PZC and PZD showed a strong inhibitory effect on all RAS components, and PZE showed a strong inhibitory effect on renin. Furthermore, the secolanostane tetracyclic triterpenoids, PZC and PZD, showed a stronger inhibitory effect than the lanostane tetracyclic triterpenoid PZE. Therefore, compounds with secolanostance skeleton showed stronger bioactivity than those with lanostance skeleton. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The secolanostane tetracyclic triterpenoids effectively blocked RAS by simultaneously targeting multiple RAS components and lanostane tetracyclic triterpenoids inhibited renin and protected against tubulo-interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Dan‐Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of PharmacyZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310053China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of MedicineUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92897USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New Mexico, Comprehensive Cancer CenterAlbuquerqueNM87131USA
| | - Ying‐Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
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Ma X, He L. The intervention effect of zuogui pill on chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder regulatory factor. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:54-60. [PMID: 29957466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Zuogui pill as a traditional Chinese herbal drug has been used for nourish kidney essence improve bone malnutrition of renal bone disease by regulating the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and participating in osteoblast metabolism. In the present study, 5/6 nephrectomy rat model was used to reveal the mechanism of zuogui pill in treatment of CKD-MBD. Compared with sham rats, the levels of serum phosphorus, PTH, iPTH and creatinine were significantly decreased, while the serum calcium level was significantly increased, and the Cbfa1 protein level was significantly decreased and FGF23 protein level was significantly increased by Zuogui pill treatment. Compared with model rats, the BMD of rat was significantly increased by Zuogui pill treatment. Histological analysis revealed that the kidney injury of rats with CKD was significantly reduced by zuogui pill treatment. Compared with model rats, the CYP27B1 mRNA level was significantly increased, and the PTH mRNA level and NaPiIIa protein level were significantly decreased in the kidney by zuogui pill treatment. We inferred that zuogui pill exhibited potential therapeutic effects on CKD-MBD in the rats by regulating bone metabolism and nourish kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ma
- Chenxinghai Hospital of Zhongshan City, No. 18 Zhuyuan Road, Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528415, China.
| | - Liqun He
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology, No. 185 Pu'an Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200021, China
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Submicron emulsion of cinnamaldehyde ameliorates bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:765-771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Zhang H, Zhao Y, Xia Z, Du H, Gao Y, Xue D, Zhu Z, Chai Y. Metabolic profiles revealed anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury of Yangxinshi tablet in Rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:124-133. [PMID: 28889959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious injury that is resulted from the recovery of blood supply after myocardial ischemia. Yangxinshi tablet is a compound Chinese herbal preparation and often used to alleviate the myocardial ischemia in clinical, but its protective mechanism of anti-myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-I/R injury effect of Yangxinshi tablet on a myocardial I/R rat model and to identify serum biomarker metabolites associated with I/R based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) metabolomic method, and explore the metabolic mechanism of anti-I/R injury of Yangxinshi tablet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unsupervised principle component analysis highlighted significant differences in the metabolome of the myocardial I/R, healthy control and drug-treated rats. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis revealed 25 metabolites as the most potential biomarker metabolites discriminating the myocardial I/R rats and control rats. Most of the metabolites were primarily involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism. These metabolites were validated by assessing the efficacy after intragastric administration of Yangxinshit ablet to the myocardial I/R rat model. RESULTS Based on metabolomic results, the action mechanism of anti-I/R injury of Yangxinshi tablet was concluded as follows: (1) enhance the ability of scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species in vivo; (2) provide energy for myocardium via accelerating the intracellular carnitine transportion to accelerate the oxidation of fatty acid and (3) attenuate ceramide to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Yangxinshi tablet has cardio-protection effects on I/R rats via regulation of multiple metabolic pathways involving in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolisms. This study will be meaningful for its clinical application and valuable for further exploring the action mechanism of Yangxinshi tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co.Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengxiang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Hongli Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co.Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Wang M, Chen DQ, Chen L, Liu D, Zhao H, Zhang ZH, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY, Cao G. Novel RAS Inhibitors Poricoic Acid ZG and Poricoic Acid ZH Attenuate Renal Fibrosis via a Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Targeted Phosphorylation of smad3 Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1828-1842. [PMID: 29383936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common end point of the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Suppressing the development and progression of renal fibrosis is essential in the treatment of kidney disease. Our previous study demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of the surface layer of Poria cocos exhibited beneficial antitubulointerstitial fibrosis. In this study, we isolated new diterpene (PZF) and triterpenes (PZG and PZH) and examined their antifibrotic effect. TGF-β1 upregulated the collagen I protein expression in HK-2 cells, and PZG and PZH treatment significantly inhibited the upregulated collagen I expression (TGF group 0.59 ± 0.08 vs TGF+PZG group 0.36 ± 0.08, P < 0.01; TGF+PZH group 0.39 ± 0.12, P < 0.01). Triterpenes, PZG and PZH, exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on renal fibrosis and podocyte injury than PZF. PZG and PZH further showed a stronger inhibitory effect on the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) than PZF. Additionally, PZG and PZH markedly inhibited the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which played an important role in fibrogenesis. Interestingly, PZG and PZH suppressed the TGF-β/Smad pathway by selectively inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad3 through blocking the interactions of SARA with TGFβI and Smad3. The analysis of the structure-activity relationship demonstrated that their antifibrotic effects were closely associated with the first six-membered ring structure and the number of carboxyl groups in this type of compounds. Additionally, fifteen known triterpenes were identified. These novel tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds provided the potential lead compounds for the research and development of antifibrosis drug, and they possessed the potential to be utilized as RAS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine , Irvine, California 92897, United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico , Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | | | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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Chang CW, Chen YS, Chen CC, Chan IO, Chen CC, Sheu SJ, Lin TW, Chou SH, Liu CJ, Lee TC, Lo JF. Targeting cancer initiating cells by promoting cell differentiation and restoring chemosensitivity via dual inactivation of STAT3 and src activity using an active component of antrodia cinnamomea mycelia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73016-73031. [PMID: 27682875 PMCID: PMC5341960 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiating cells (CICs) represent a subpopulation of cancer cells, which are responsible for tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we first used a cell-based aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assay to identify that YMGKI-2 (also named as Ergone), an active component purified from Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelia extract (ACME), effectively abrogated the ALDH activity and abolished the CICs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells (HNSCCs). Consequently, YMGKI-2 treatment suppressed self-renewal ability and expression of stemness signature genes (Oct-4 and Nanog) of sphere cells with enriched CICs. Moreover, YMGKI-2 treated sphere cells displayed reduction of CICs properties and promotion of cell differentiation, but not significant cytotoxicity. YMGKI-2 treatment also attenuated the tumorigenicity of HNSCC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, treatment of YMGKI-2 resulted in inactivation of STAT3 and Src. Lastly, combinatorial treatments with YMGKI-2 and standard chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin or Fluorouracil) restored the chemosensivity on sphere cells and cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells. Together, we demonstrate that YMGKI-2 treatment effectively induces differentiation and reduces tumorigenicity of CICs. Further, combined treatment of YMGKI-2 and conventional chemotherapy can overcome chemoresistance. These results suggest that YMGKI-2 treatment may be used to improve future clinical responses in head and neck cancer treatment through targeting CICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ik-On Chan
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Shiu-Huey Chou
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fan Lo
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science and Institute of Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dou F, Miao H, Wang JW, Chen L, Wang M, Chen H, Wen AD, Zhao YY. An Integrated Lipidomics and Phenotype Study Reveals Protective Effect and Biochemical Mechanism of Traditionally Used Alisma orientale Juzepzuk in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29472858 PMCID: PMC5809464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alisma orientale Juzepzuk (AO) is widely used for various diuretic and nephropathic treatments in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). In a clinical setting, AO is used as both a lipid-lowering and tubular interstitial fibrosis agent. However, the mechanisms of AO for the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis and abnormal lipid metabolism are not well-understood. In this study, pharmacological and UPLC-HDMS-based lipidomic approaches were employed to investigate the lipid-lowering and tubular interstitial fibrosis effect of AO on rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Rats with CKD showed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea, tubular damage, and tubular interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, multiple lipid species were identified in CKD rats. Among these lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, 8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid levels were significantly decreased in CKD rats compared to control rats. In CKD rats, up-regulation of the NF-κB pathway may impair polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, causing renal fibrosis. In addition, CKD rats showed significantly decreased diglyceride levels and increased triglyceride levels compared to the control group. Pathway over-representation analysis demonstrated that 30 metabolic pathways were associated with lipid species. AO treatment suppressed up-regulation of inflammation, and partly restored the deregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and glycerolipids metabolism. Our results indicated that AO treatment attenuated renal fibrosis by down-regulating inflammation, and mitigating lipid metabolism in CKD rats. In conclusion, this study has identified the therapeutic lipid-lowering and anti-fibrosis effects of AO on CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Miao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai-Dong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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38
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Zheng Z, Liu P, Xu L, Peng Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Hou L, Cui W, Tou F, Rao J, Fan X. Metabolomics analysis of salvage chemotherapy on refractory acute myeloid leukemia patients. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14445-14453. [PMID: 35540790 PMCID: PMC9079900 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of hematological malignancies causing high mortality around the world. However, the treatment of AML is still one of the most formidable challenges. In this study, we employed a well-established global metabolic profiling platform, which combined ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with salvage chemotherapy on 10 refractory acute myeloid leukemia (RAML) patients. A total of 390 metabolites were identified from 20 serum samples obtained from all 10 patients before and post salvage chemotherapy. The metabolomics profile was found to be very heterogeneous across the RAML patients. The results showed very subtle metabolic differences upon one-time chemotherapy treatment for an individual patient. Only 9 metabolites including imidazole lactate, glycerol 3-phosphate, three fatty acids, and four lysolipids in the blood serum were significantly changed before and post chemotherapy, suggesting their important roles during the development of RAML. This study may not only provide new insight into the metabolomics features in RAML patients, but also have relevance to improve the treatment and outcome of RAML. Salvage chemotherapy had minimal impact on the metabolomics for individual RAML patient.![]()
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Chen L, Su W, Chen H, Chen DQ, Wang M, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Proteomics for Biomarker Identification and Clinical Application in Kidney Disease. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 85:91-113. [PMID: 29655463 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment effectiveness for kidney disease is limited by lack of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. The gold standard test renal biopsy along with serum creatinine and proteinuria is often necessary to establish a diagnosis, particularly in glomerular disease. Proteomics has become a powerful tool for novel biomarker discovery in kidney disease. Novel proteomics offer earlier and more accurate diagnosis of renal pathology than possible with traditional biomarkers such as serum creatinine and urine protein. In addition, proteomic biomarkers could also be useful to choose the most suitable therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the current status of proteomic biomarkers from animal models (5/6 nephrectomy, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and diabetic nephropathy) and human studies (chronic kidney disease, glomerular diseases, transplantation, dialysis, acute and drug-induced kidney injury) to assess relevant findings and clinical usefulness. Current issues and problems related to the discovery, validation, and clinical application of proteomic biomarkers are discussed. We also describe several proteomic strategies highlighting technologic advancements, specimen selection, data processing and analysis. This review might provide help in future proteomic studies to improve the diagnosis and management of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Su
- Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Guo
- University of New Mexico, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Intestinal tract is an important organ for lowering serum uric acid in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190194. [PMID: 29267361 PMCID: PMC5739491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney was recognized as a dominant organ for uric acid excretion. The main aim of the study demonstrated intestinal tract was an even more important organ for serum uric acid (SUA) lowering. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated normally or with antibiotics, uric acid, adenine, or inosine of the same molar dose orally or intraperitoneally for 5 days. Rat’s intestinal tract was equally divided into 20 segments except the cecum. Uric acid in serum and intestinal segment juice was assayed. Total RNA in the initial intestinal tract and at the end ileum was extracted and sequenced. Protein expression of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and urate oxidase (UOX) was tested by Western blot analysis. The effect of oral UOX in lowering SUA was investigated in model rats treated with adenine and an inhibitor of uric oxidase for 5 days. SUA in the normal rats was 20.93±6.98 μg/ml, and total uric acid in the intestinal juice was 308.27±16.37 μg, which is two times more than the total SUA. The uric acid was very low in stomach juice, and attained maximum in the juice of the first segment (duodenum) and then declined all the way till the intestinal end. The level of uric acid in the initial intestinal tissue was very high, where XDH and most of the proteins associated with bicarbonate secretion were up-regulated. In addition, SUA was decreased by oral UOX in model rats. The results suggested that intestinal juice was an important pool for uric acid, and intestinal tract was an important organ for SUA lowering. The uric acid distribution was associated with uric acid synthesis and secretion in the upper intestinal tract, and reclamation in the lower.
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Wang M, Chen DQ, Wang MC, Chen H, Chen L, Liu D, Zhao H, Zhao YY. Poricoic acid ZA, a novel RAS inhibitor, attenuates tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and podocyte injury by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 36:243-253. [PMID: 29157821 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosisis was characterized by cellular hypertrophy, extracellular matrix accumulation and podocyte detachment. Poricoic acid ZA (PZA) is a tetracyclic triterpenoid compound extracted from the surface layer of Poria cocos (LPC), which have been used extensively for diuretic and renoprotective effects. METHODS The anti-fibrotic effect of PZA is investigated in HK-2 cells and podocytes induced by TGF-β1 and angiotensin II (ANGII). qRT-PCR, siRNA, immunofluorescence staining, co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses are used to evaluate the expression of RAS signaling, TGF-β/Smad pathway, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and podocyte markers. RESULTS PZA restores the mRNA and protein expression of EMT in HK-2 cells. Specific TGF-β1-siRNA efficiently blocks ANGII-induced protein expression of TGF-β1 and further inhibits activated Smad signaling. PZA significantly attenuates up-regulation of angiotensinogen, renin, ACE and AT1. Further, PZA reverses up-regulation of TGFβRII and suppresses Smad proteins. Simultaneously, PZA inhibits the protein interaction of TGF-β receptor and Smads and PZA also inhibits activated RAS and TGF-β/Smad signaling cascade and up-regulates protein expression of podocyte markers and mitigates podocyte injury. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the beneficial role of PZA in renal fibrosis and podocyte injury. Our study highlighted that PZA inhibits RAS and further suppresses TGF-β/Smad pathway through inhibiting Smad2/3 phosphorylation via blocking Smad2/3-TGFβRI protein interaction. PZA is implicated in activation of RAS/TGF-β/Smad axis in HK-2 cells and podocytes. PZA could be considered as a novel RAS inhibitor for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Min-Chang Wang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Zhang ZH, Mao JR, Chen H, Su W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen DQ, Zhao YY, Vaziri ND. Removal of uremic retention products by hemodialysis is coupled with indiscriminate loss of vital metabolites. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:1078-1086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang CY, Zhu JY, Ye Y, Zhang M, Zhang LJ, Wang SJ, Song YN, Zhang H. Erhuang Formula ameliorates renal damage in adenine-induced chronic renal failure rats via inhibiting inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:520-528. [PMID: 28866419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Erhuang Formula (EHF) and explore its pharmacological mechanisms on adenine-induced chronic renal failure (CRF). MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds in EHF were analyzed by HPLC/MS. Adenine-induced CRF rats were administrated by EHF. The effects were evaluated by renal function examination and histology staining. Immunostaining of some proteins related cell adhesion was performedin renal tissues, including E-cadherin, β-catenin, fibronectin and laminin. The qRT-PCR was carried out determination of gene expression related inflammation and fibrosis including NF-κB, TNF-α, TGF-β1, α-SMA and osteopontin (OPN). RESULTS Ten compounds in EHF were identified including liquiritigenin, farnesene, vaccarin, pachymic acid, cycloastragenol, astilbin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptemthoxyflavone, physcion, emodin and curzerene. Abnormal renal function and histology had significant improvements by EHF treatment. The protein expression of β-catenin, fibronectin and laminin were significantly increased and the protein expression of E-cadherin significantly decreased in CRF groups. However, these protein expressions were restored to normal levels in EHF group. Furthermore, low expression of PPARγ and high expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, TGF-β1, α-SMA and OPN were substantially restored by EHF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS EHF ameliorated renal damage in adenine-induced CRF rats, and the mechanisms might involve in the inhibition of inflammatory and fibrotic responses and the regulation of PPARγ, NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China.
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Wang D, Chen J, Liu X, Zheng P, Song G, Yi T, Li S. A Chinese herbal formula, Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen decoction, improves muscle atrophy via regulating mitochondrial quality control process in 5/6 nephrectomised rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9253. [PMID: 28835671 PMCID: PMC5569107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is one of the serious complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) process, including decrease mitochondrial biogenesis, impair mitochondrial dynamics and induce activation of mitophagy, play an important role in mediating muscle wasting. This study aimed to observe effects of Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS) decoction on muscle atrophy in CKD rats and explore its possible mechanism on regulation of MQC processes. The 5/6 nephrectomised rats were randomly allocated into 2 groups: CKD group and JPYS group. Besides, a sham-operated rats as sham group. All rats were treated for 6 weeks. Results showed that administration of JPYS decoction prevented body weight loss, muscle loss, muscle fiber size decrease, muscle protein degradation, and increased muscle protein systhesis. In addition, JPYS decoction increased the mitochondrial content and biogenesis proteins, and down-regulated the autophagy and mitophagy proteins. Furthermore, JPYS decoction increased mitochondrial fusion proteins, while decreased mitochondrial fission proteins. In conclusion, JPYS decoction increased mitochondrial content and biogenesis, restore the balance between fission and fusion, and inhibited autophagy-lysosome pathway (mitophagy). Collectively, our data showed that JPYS decoction to be beneficial to muscle atrophy in CKD, which might be associated with the modulation of MQC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Ruikang Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530011, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Gaofeng Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Tiegang Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Shunmin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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45
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Li S, Xu P, Han L, Mao W, Wang Y, Luo G, Yang N. Disease-syndrome combination modeling: metabolomic strategy for the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8830. [PMID: 28821830 PMCID: PMC5562836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional disease animal models have limitations on the conformity to the actual clinical situation. Disease-syndrome combination (DS) modeling may provide a more efficient strategy for biomedicine research. Disease model and DS model of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease were established by ligating the left ureter and by ligating unilateral ureteral combined with exhaustive swimming, respectively. Serum metabolomics was conducted to evaluate disease model and DS model by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Potential endogenous biomarkers were identified by multivariate statistical analysis. There are no differences between two models regarding their clinical biochemistry and kidney histopathology, while metabolomics highlights their difference. It is found that abnormal sphingolipid metabolism is a common characteristic of both models, while arachidonic acid metabolism, linolenic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism are highlighted in DS model. Metabolomics is a promising approach to evaluate experiment animal models. DS model are comparatively in more coincidence with clinical settings, and is superior to single disease model for the biomedicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Ling Han
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road in Haidian Distric, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guoan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road in Haidian Distric, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Nizhi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
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46
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Chen L, Chen DQ, Wang M, Liu D, Chen H, Dou F, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Role of RAS/Wnt/β-catenin axis activation in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury and tubulo-interstitial nephropathy. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:56-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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47
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Metabolomics highlights pharmacological bioactivity and biochemical mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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48
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Chen DQ, Chen H, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Wang M, Li XR, Zhao YY. The link between phenotype and fatty acid metabolism in advanced chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:1154-1166. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
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49
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Li CY, Song HT, Wang XX, Wan YY, Ding XS, Liu SJ, Dai GL, Liu YH, Ju WZ. Urinary metabolomics reveals the therapeutic effect of HuangQi Injections in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3619. [PMID: 28620200 PMCID: PMC5472607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The side effects of cisplatin (CDDP), notably nephrotoxicity, greatly limited its use in clinical chemotherapy. HuangQi Injections (HI), a commonly used preparation of the well-known Chinese herbal medicine Astragali radix, appeared to be promising treatment for nephrotoxicity without compromising the anti-tumor activity of CDDP. In this study, the urinary metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS) was developed to assess the toxicity-attenuation effects and corresponding mechanisms of HI on CDDP-exposed rats. As a result, successive administration of HI significantly recovered the decline of body weight and downregulated the abnormal increase of serum creatinine and urea. HI partly restored the CDDP-induced alteration of metabolic profiling back into normal condition. Totally 43 toxicity-attenuation potential biomarkers were screened and tentatively identified, which were involved in important metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism and purine metabolism. The results clearly revealed that HI could alleviate CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity and improve the disturbed metabolic balance induced by repeated CDDP exposure. The present study provided reliable evidence for the protective effect of HI on CDDP-induced toxicity with the multi-target pharmacological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Hui-Ting Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yao-Yao Wan
- School of pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shi-Jia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guo-Liang Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yue-Heng Liu
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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50
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Qian Y, Peng Y, Shang E, Zhao M, Yan L, Zhu Z, Tao J, Su S, Guo S, Duan JA. Metabolic profiling of the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of Ginkgolic acids in rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:11-17. [PMID: 28564578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgolic acids (GAs) are thought to be the potentially hazardous constituents corresponding to the toxic side effects of Ginkgo products. In this study, toxicological and metabolomics studies of GAs were carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC-HDMS). Significant changes in serum clinical chemistry were observed in the both low (100 mg/kg) and high (900 mg/kg) doses. Especially the serum enzyme of ALT, AST, LDH, and CK decreased in treated groups. The histopathological observation demonstrated hepatic steatosis in liver and tubular vacuolar degeneration in kidney. These results demonstrated the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of GAs. Functional disorders are more likely to be toxic induced by GAs. Metabolic profiling within seven days revealed the change of the body status after oral administration. The results indicated the body function was significantly influenced at the 3rd day and could recover in seven days. Metabolomic analysis showed alterations in 14 metabolites from plasma such as LysoPC(18:0), LysoPC(18:2) and other lipids. The results suggested that exposure to GAs could cause disturbances in liver and kidney function associated with the metabolisms of lipids, glucose and the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yunru Peng
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Erxin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd, NO. 99 West Yunlianghe Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jinhua Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shulan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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