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Gao Y, Zhang Y, Hong Y, Wu F, Shen L, Wang Y, Lin X. Multifunctional Role of Silica in Pharmaceutical Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:90. [PMID: 35296944 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high surface area, adjustable surface and pore structures, and excellent biocompatibility, nano- and micro-sized silica have certainly attracted the attention of many researchers in the medical fields. This review focuses on the multifunctional roles of silica in different pharmaceutical formulations including solid preparations, liquid drugs, and advanced drug delivery systems. For traditional solid preparations, it can improve compactibility and flowability, promote disintegration, adjust hygroscopicity, and prevent excessive adhesion. As for liquid drugs and preparations, like volatile oil, ethers, vitamins, and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, silica with adjustable pore structures is a good adsorbent for solidification. Also, silica with various particle sizes, surface characteristics, pore structure, and surface modification controlled by different synthesis methods has gained wide attention owing to its unparalleled advantages for drug delivery and disease diagnosis. We also collate the latest pharmaceutical applications of silica sorted out by formulations. Finally, we point out the thorny issues for application and survey future trends pertaining to silica in an effort to provide a comprehensive overview of its future development in the medical fields. Graphical Abstract.
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Huang Y, Yu Q, Chen Z, Wu W, Zhu Q, Lu Y. In vitro and in vivo correlation for lipid-based formulations: Current status and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2469-2487. [PMID: 34522595 PMCID: PMC8424225 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) have demonstrated a great potential in enhancing the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, construction of in vitro and in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) for LBFs is quite challenging, owing to a complex in vivo processing of these formulations. In this paper, we start with a brief introduction on the gastrointestinal digestion of lipid/LBFs and its relation to enhanced oral drug absorption; based on the concept of IVIVCs, the current status of in vitro models to establish IVIVCs for LBFs is reviewed, while future perspectives in this field are discussed. In vitro tests, which facilitate the understanding and prediction of the in vivo performance of solid dosage forms, frequently fail to mimic the in vivo processing of LBFs, leading to inconsistent results. In vitro digestion models, which more closely simulate gastrointestinal physiology, are a more promising option. Despite some successes in IVIVC modeling, the accuracy and consistency of these models are yet to be validated, particularly for human data. A reliable IVIVC model can not only reduce the risk, time, and cost of formulation development but can also contribute to the formulation design and optimization, thus promoting the clinical translation of LBFs.
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Key Words
- ANN, artificial neural network
- AUC, area under the curve
- Absorption
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- BE, bioequivalence
- CETP, cholesterol ester transfer protein
- Cmax, peak plasma concentration
- DDS, drug delivery system
- FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
- GI, gastrointestinal
- HLB, hydrophilic–lipophilic balance
- IVIVC, in vitro and in vivo correlation
- IVIVR, in vitro and in vivo relationship
- In silico prediction
- In vitro and in vivo correlations
- LBF, lipid-based formulation
- LCT, long-chain triglyceride
- Lipid-based formulation
- Lipolysis
- MCT, medium-chain triglyceride
- Model
- Oral delivery
- PBPK, physiologically based pharmacokinetic
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- Perspectives
- SCT, short-chain triglyceride
- SEDDS, self-emulsifying drug delivery system
- SGF, simulated gastric fluid
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluid
- SLS, sodium lauryl sulfate
- SMEDDS, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system
- TIM, TNO gastrointestinal model
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research
- Tmax, time to reach the peak plasma concentration
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Xia F, Chen Z, Zhu Q, Qi J, Dong X, Zhao W, Wu W, Lu Y. Gastrointestinal lipolysis and trans-epithelial transport of SMEDDS via oral route. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1010-1020. [PMID: 33996413 PMCID: PMC8105768 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) have recently returned to the limelight of academia and industry due to their enormous potential in oral delivery of biomacromolecules. However, information on gastrointestinal lipolysis and trans-epithelial transport of SMEDDS is rare. Aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) fluorescent probes are utilized to visualize the in vivo behaviors of SMEDDSs, because the released probes during lipolysis are quenched upon contacting water. Two SMEDDSs composed of medium chain triglyceride and different ratios of Tween-80 and PEG-400 are set as models, meanwhile Neoral® was used as a control. The SMEDDS droplets reside in the digestive tract for as long as 24 h and obey first order kinetic law of lipolysis. The increased chain length of the triglyceride decreases the lipolysis of the SMEDDSs. Ex vivo imaging of main tissues and histological examination confirm the trans-epithelial transportation of the SMEDDS droplets. Approximately 2%-4% of the given SMEDDSs are transported via the lymph route following epithelial uptake, while liver is the main termination. Caco-2 cell lines confirm the cellular uptake and trans-epithelial transport. In conclusion, a fraction of SMEDDSs can survive the lipolysis in the gastrointestinal tract, permeate across the epithelia, translocate via the lymph, and accumulate mainly in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Zhang X, Chen Z, Tao C, Zhang J, Zhang M, Zhang J, Liu Z, Lin J, Xu H, Zhang Q, Song H. Effect of Surface Property on the Release and Oral Absorption of Solid Sirolimus-Containing Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:108. [PMID: 33718989 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and mesoporous silica materials favors the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs (PWSD). However, the influence of the surface property of the mesopores towards the drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetics is still unknown. In this study, SBA-15 with hydroxyl groups (SBA-15-H), methyl groups (SBA-15-M), amino groups (SBA-15-A), or carboxyl groups (SBA-15-C) was combined with SMEDDS containing sirolimus (SRL). The diffusion and self-emulsifying of SMEDDS greatly improved the drug release over the raw SRL and SRL-SBA-15-R (R referred to as the functional groups). Results of drug absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed strong hydrogen binding between SRL and the amino groups of SBA-15-A, which hindered the drug release and oral bioavailability of SRL-SMEDDS-SBA-15-A. The favorable release of SRL-SMEDDS-SBA-15-C (91.31 ± 0.57%) and SRL-SMEDDS-SBA-15-M (91.76 ± 3.72%) contributed to enhancing the maximum blood concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0→48). In conclusion, the release of SRL-SMEDDS-SBA-15-R was determined by the surface affinity of the SBA-15-R and the interaction between the SRL molecules and the surface of SBA-15-R. This study suggested that the SMEDDS-SBA-15 was a favorable carrier for PWSD, and the surface property of the mesopores should be considered for the optimization of the SMEDDS-SBA-15.
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Goo YT, Park SY, Chae BR, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Choi JY, Song SH, Choi YW. Optimization of solid self-dispersing micelle for enhancing dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan using Box-Behnken design. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119483. [PMID: 32485217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel solid self-dispersing micelle (S-SDM) was developed to enhance the oral bioavailability of valsartan (VST) and to reduce the total mass of solidified supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SuSMEDDS), composed of Capmul MCM, Tween 80 (T80), Gelucire 44/14 (G44), Poloxamer 407, Florite PS-10 (FLO), and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose B1 (HPC). Excluding oil component from S-SuSMEDDS, S-SDM was optimized using a Box-Behnken design with three independent variables: X1 (T80/G44, 0.63), X2 (FLO/HPC, 0.41), and X3 (solid carrier, 177.6 mg); and three response factors: Y1 (droplet size, 191.9 nm), Y2 (dissolution efficiency at 15 min, 55.0%), and Y3 (angle of repose, 32.4°). The desirability function was 0.636, showing an excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental values. With approximately 75% weight of S-SuSMEDDS, no distinct crystallinity of VST was observed in S-SDM, resulting in critical micelle concentration value of 32 μg/mL. Optimized S-SDM showed an approximate 4-fold improved dissolution (pH 1.2, 500 mL) compared with raw VST. Following oral administration in rats, optimized S-SDM improved relative bioavailability by approximately 235%, 216%, and 127% versus raw VST, Diovan® (commercial reference), and S-SuSMEDDS, respectively. Thus, optimized S-SDM could be a selectable candidate for developing water-insoluble drugs in reduced quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Ram Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, 309 Suyeong-ro Nam-gu, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Mohamadi Saani S, Abdolalizadeh J, Zeinali Heris S. Ultrasonic/sonochemical synthesis and evaluation of nanostructured oil in water emulsions for topical delivery of protein drugs. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 55:86-95. [PMID: 31084795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of drugs and active agents to human skin by formulation containing nanosystems have shown remarkable advance in recent nanotechnology research. The aim of current investigation is to study protein drug, extracted from medicinal leech tissue and evaluate an isotropic and kinetically stable nanoemulsion formulation, with least surfactant and co-surfactant concentrations also with optimal solubility and stability, for topical delivery. It is a fact that physical properties of oil phase has an impact on nanoemulsion formation and stabilization. In this research, various factors, such as oil types (olive oil and sesame oil) and oil content for their effects on particle size and stability of protein nanoemulsion were first investigated. Secondly, optimized formulation of protein nanoemulsion was characterized by droplet size and zeta potential analysis, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), viscosity, pH, and refractive index. Thirdly, stability studies were done to select the best formulation. The results of our experiments showed that an increase in the concentration of olive oil and sesame oil led to a nanoemulsion with smaller size of droplets and with higher stability, respectively. However; slight variations in droplet size were observed in case of nanoemulsion with olive oil. As a result of various experiments, a Nanoemulsion with 25% olive oil was selected as optimized formulation owing to its much smaller droplet size (143.1 nm), lower polydispersity index, higher zeta potential (-33.3 mV). No considerable changes in droplet size, viscosity and pH occurred during a 30-day storage period at 4 °C. This procedure also suggested that our selected nanoemulsion was physically stable. Additionally, TEM revealed that particles were morphologically spherical. In conclusion, our analyses of the experiments proved the fact that nanoemulsions are promising novel formulations for protein drugs and can greatly enhance stability of protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohamadi Saani
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - J Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - S Zeinali Heris
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zhu X, Jiang W, Cui W, Liang R, Zhang L, Qiu J. Facile surface modification of mesoporous silica with heterocyclic silanes for efficiently removing arsenic. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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